cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Avagard Hand Antisepsis vs. Traditional Scrub in 3600 Pediatric Urologic Procedures

OBJECTIVES Avagard is a waterless, scrubless, and brushless hand antiseptic approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a replacement for traditional presurgical brush hand scrubbing. We evaluated the use of Avagard compared with hand brush scrub preparation for inpatient and outpatient pediatric urological operations. METHODS We evaluated the first 1800 patients for whom we used Avagard as a preoperative hand antiseptic and compared them with the last 1800 consecutive patients for whom we performed traditional antiseptic-impregnated hand-brush scrubbing. All patients underwent a variety of inpatient and outpatient open, endoscopic, and laparoscopic pediatric urological procedures. Patients were monitored postoperatively for wound infection, and patients and surgeon were monitored for side effects. A cost analysis was performed. RESULTS The incidence of wound infection was 2/1800 (0.11%) in the Avagard group and 3/1800 (0.17%) in the hand-scrub group (P > .99 Fisher's exact test). All wound infections were successfully treated with a single course of oral antibiotics. No side effects for the patients or surgeon were noted, including skin irritations or allergic reactions in either group. The traditional hand scrub is nearly 2 times more expensive per application than Avagard. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of wound infections in pediatric urological procedures is low (0.09%). We observe that Avagard provides comparable hand antisepsis to the traditional surgical scrub in a variety of pediatric urological procedures. Avagard is superior to the surgical hand scrub in cost-effectiveness and time efficiency. Urologists should consider using Avagard for hand antisepsis before surgery.
Internal waves in the ocean

Several sets of temperature measurements both from surface ships and submarines show that internal waves exist in the ocean with periods shorter than those heretofore observed. The waves with a period of one to two hours have heights up to 100 feet, and those with periods of the order of ten minutes have heights up to 20 feet.
Synthesis and Characterization of an Iron(II) η2-Hydrazine Complex

The iron phosphine complex cis-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(η2-N2H4)][BPh4]2 {DMeOPrPE = 1,2-bis[bis(methoxypropyl)phosphino]ethane} was synthesized and structurally characterized. The structure exhibits the first η2 coordination of hydrazine to iron, which may be relevant to intermediates trapped during nitrogenase turnover. The reaction of I with acid results in the formation of ammonia via a disproportionation reaction.
The effects of hydrostatic pressure on pertussis toxin-catalyzed ribosylation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins from two congeneric marine fish.

Abstract The effects of pressure on pertussis toxin (PTX)-catalyzed [ 32 P]ADP-ribosylation of α-subunits of the guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, G i and G o , were examined in the presence of the guanyl nucleotides GDP and guanosine 5′- O -[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTPγS) in brain membrane preparations from two congeneric marine fish that live at different depths. In the presence of 100 μM GDP, pressures up to 340 atm had no effect on PTX-catalyzed [ 32 P]ADP-ribosylation in the deeper-occurring species, Sebastolobus altivelis . [ 32 P]ADP-ribosylation was suppressed 37% by 68 atm pressure in the shallower-living S. alascanus . Pressure in the range 204–476 atm inhibited the reaction approximately 54%. In the presence of 100 μM GTPγS, the effects of pressure were identical in the two species. Pressures of 68–340 atm inhibited [ 32 P]ADP-ribosylation approximately 30% in both species; 476 atm inhibited ribosylation 54%. In the shallower-living species, pressure may increase the fraction of G proteins coupled to unoccupied receptors or decrease the efficacy of GDP in promoting the heterotrimeric aggregation state. Pressure appears to enhance the efficacy of GTPγS in dissociating the heterotrimeric holoprotein in both species. The structural similarities of the G i /G o α-subunits of the two species were compared by mapping partial proteolytic digests of brain homogenates labeled with [ 32 P]ADP by PTX on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The proteases used were TPCK-treated trypsin, subtilisin Carlsberg and Staphylococcus aureus strain V8 endoproteinase Glu-C. The [ 32 P]ADP-labeled peptide maps of the two species were indistinguishable. The differences in pressure sensitivity between the two species may result from small changes in primary structure and/or post-translational modification of the heterotrimeric subunits.
Magnetic resonance of the knee menisci and cartilage

Abstract This contribution is designed to present magnetic resonance (MR) of the menisci and cartilage to the orthopedic surgeon in a practical manner. The investigators describe those MR sequences and techniques that optimally show injury, as well as the expected morphology of the menisci. Criteria for diagnosis of meniscal tears are outlined. Common “equivocal” meniscal tear appearances are shown and strategies for resolving such equivocal cases are suggested. The difficult problem of diagnosing a meniscal remnant tear or reinjury of a repaired meniscus is covered. Finally, MR imaging of chondromalacia and osteochondral injuries is discussed.
Photochemical properties of mixed-metal supramolecular complexes

Abstract We have prepared a series of mixed-metal trimetallic complexes of the form {[(bpy) 2 Ru(BL)] 2 MCl 2 } n + (bpy  2,2′-bipyridine; BL  2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (dpp), 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline (dpq) or 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-benzoquinozaline (dpb); M  Ir(III), Rh(III) or Os(II). This new class of trimetallic complexes can be prepared with a good yield, often as high as 95%, using our building block strategy. The central rhodium and iridium fragments of these trimetallic, namely [M(BL) 2 Cl 2 ] + , have been shown in our laboratory to be capable of delivering multiple electrons, “stored” on the bridging ligand π* orbitals, to a substrate as they functioned as electrocatalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate. The two terminal ruthenium metals are good light absorbers designed to give rise to photochemical activity. These bichromophoric systems should be capable of absorbing two photons of light, each giving rise to a desired photochemical reaction, namely excited-state electron transfer. Thus these systems form the basis of a molecular device for photoinitiated electron collection. The properties of these supramolecular complexes have been tuned by variation in the central metal and bridging ligand. Comparison of this array of nine complexes is described herein.
Evaluation of frequency-following potentials in man: masking and clinical studies.

Abstract The frequency-following potential (FFP) can have applicability in the assessment of hearing-impaired subjects only if it can be shown that its generation is initiated by neurons which have low best frequencies (2.0 kHz or lower). This study presents results from five subjects with high frequency hearing losses and three subjects with normal hearing. Using 500 Hz tone bursts in the presence of continuous noise of various configurations, it has attempted to determine how in normal hearing subjects, the amplitude and latency of the FFP may be affected. Recordings of the FFP in the presence of noise and wave forms from hearing impaired subjects provide evidence that the FFP is initiated in the cochlea largely by neurons whose best frequencies are 2.0 kHz or lower. Hearing impaired subjects may exhibit ‘deviant’ responses to tone bursts. These FFP responses may be related to peculiarities of the hearing loss and provide, therefore, a potential means for assessing the temporal viability of the low frequency channels of the auditory neuraxis.
Analytic bound-state solutions in a relativistic two-body formalism with applications in muonium and positronium

This work advocates the use in atomic physics of a new relativistic two-body formalism equal in rigor to the Bethe-Salpeter formalism and clearly superior to it in several respects. Outstanding among these is the existence of a Coulomb-like kernel for which the exact analytic solutions of the bound-state equations are known. These solutions are derived and applied in a calculation of the O (..cap alpha../sup 6/m ln..cap alpha../sup -1/) contributions to hfs in muonium and positronium. Three previously unknown contributions are found. Theory and experiment are compared.
Comparison of supercritical fluids and enhanced-fluidity liquids for the extraction of phenolic pollutants from house dust

The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of polar analytes and/or complex and adsorptive matrices is often difficult. The use of enhanced-fluidity liquid extraction (EFLE) as an alternative is investigated herein. Enhanced-fluidity liquids are prepared by combining a large proportion of an associated organic solvent with a low-viscosity liquid, such as CO2. The extraction of 11 phenolic and nitroaromatic pollutants from house dust was tested with Soxhlet extraction, SFE, and EFLE. The addition of methanol to CO2 greatly improved the extraction rate compared to CO2 alone. A 20/80 mol % methanol/CO2 mixture at enhanced-fluidity liquid conditions yielded statistically higher recoveries than other methanol/CO2 mixtures for the majority of analytes. Enhanced-fluidity liquid methanol/H2O/CO2 mixtures showed gains in extraction yields relative to methanol/CO2 mixtures. For example, recoveries of all 11 analytes averaged 50% with 10/90 mol % methanol/CO2, 61% with 20/80 mol % methanol/CO2, and 69% with 32.1/7.9/6...
Elastic scattering of 32S on 24Mg, 27Al and 40Ca and the effect of nuclear forces on the grazing collision

Abstract Elastic scattering of 32 S ions on 24 Mg, 27 Al and 40 Ca has been measured at energies between 67 MeV and 120 MeV. Angular distributions were analyzed with the optical model with Woods-Saxon potentials. Strong absorption radii are extracted with and without consideration of the nuclear interaction at the surface. The nuclear potential decreases the otherwise anomalously large strong absorption radii which can then be described by a radius parameter of r 0 = 1.41 fm.
Expression of Treponema pallidum antigens in Escherichia coli

Treponema pallidum DNA was cloned in a bacteriophage. Clones were screened for expression of Treponema pallidum antigens by an in situ radioimmunoassay on nitrocellulose, with the use of subsequent reactions with syphilitic serum and radioiodinated Staphylococcus aureus protein A. One clone, which gave a strong signal, codes for at least seven antigens that react specifically with human antibodies to Treponema pallidum.
Si (111) 7 × 7 surface structure: Calculations of LEED intensity and comparison with experiment

Using a Si surface model involving interference between two rippled-surface double layers, a kinematic analysis of low-energy-electron-diffraction (LEED) intensities of all fractional-order spots has been completed and compared with recent experimental LEED 7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 7 intensity data. Since the ripple is a small perturbation, the surface is almost ideally terminated; no vacancies or adatoms are required in the model. The intricate 7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 7 LEED patterns and their considerable intensity variation with 5-V energy increments are shown to agree with the computed patterns. Threefold rotational symmetry reversals are observed in the LEED patterns at about 20-V intervals and are also computed from the rippled-surface model.
Survival of elderly patients with transfusion-related acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Objective: To determine the influences of age and risk group on the survival of AIDS patients. We concentrated on transfusion because it is the commonest risk factor for AIDS in patients over 70 years of age. Design: Survival curve regression analysis. Participants: Patients aged 13 years and over with AIDS acquired through transfusion, and patients 65 years or older with AIDS as a result of intravenous drug use (IVDU). Data were obtained from the New York City Department of Health. Main Outcome: The patients were divided into four groups, ages 13–40 years, 41–64 years, and 65 years and over with AIDS as a result of transfusion, and 65 years and older with AIDS as a result of IVDU. The survivals of the three transfusion-related AIDS groups were compared, as were the 65 years-and-over groups with AIDS as a result of transfusion or IVDU. AIDS-defining diagnoses between those over and under 65 years with AIDS as a result of transfusion were also compared. Results: The median survival for the three transfusion-related AIDS groups were 273 days, 58 days, and 60 days, respectively. There was a significant association between shorter survival and increasing age. This was largely due to the longer survival of the patients aged 13–40 years. There was no difference in AIDS-defining diagnosis between those over and under 65 years with transfusion-related AIDS. The survival curves of the elderly with AIDS as a result of transfusion or IVDU were not different. Conclusion: Age over 40 years is an independent risk factor for poor survival among transfusion-related AIDS patients. Among the elderly, patients with transfusion-related AIDS have similar survivals to patients with IVDU-related AIDS.
Stochastic turnpike property and stationary equilibrium

Abstract I study the stability properties of a stochastic equilibrium growth model with a finite number of infinitely lived consumers. The exogenous stochastic environment is represented by a stationary stochastic process that influences preferences, technology, and primary resources. Consumers maximize the expected sum of discounted utilities. Production is intertemporal and primary resources are assumed to be necessary for the production of capital goods. By adapting standard assumptions in general equilibrium theory and turnpike theory, I show that if consumers have homogeneous discount factors close enough to one, the allocation of an interior equilibrium converges to the allocation of a stationary equilibrium with transfer payments. This result is used to prove the existence of a stationary equilibrium.
“True” and “False” Child Sexual Abuse Memories and Casey’s Phenomenological View of Remembering:

This analysis provides a historical context for the debate about“true” and“false” childhood sexual abuse memories; discusses selected literature about conventional understandings of memory and thei...
Posterior mini-incision

Maintaining high-quality long-term outcomes in hip replacement surgery with minimal tissue trauma and facilitating quick recovery are the goals of the posterior mini-incision technique. The technique has evolved from the standard posterior approach to the hip, which has been used widely because of the low incidence of hip limp, low rate of dislocation with capsular repair, and the excellent overall function results. The key features for success are appropriate placement of the incision, mobilization of the proximal femur, and gentle handling of soft tissues.
Chromatin condensation involving lamellar strands in spermiogenesis of Goniobasis proxima.

Young spermatids of the prosobranch mollusc Goniobasis have spherical nuclei with diffuse centers and condensation of the chromatin only at their peripheries. At later stages, this condensation becomes uniform for the entire nucleus, and has a lamellar appearance in sectioned material. In specimens prepared using freeze-etch techniques, these lamellae are resolvable into chromatin strands, each of which has a helical substructure, with a period of ca. 100 A and a pitch angle of 35°. The strands are ca. 130–140 A in diameter (comparable to measurements made on micrographs of sectioned material). Most of the strands are oriented in the long axis of the elongating nucleus, but a few are oblique, suggesting that they might serve some sort of binding function. In the mature spermatozoon the chromatin is very compact and dense, and all evidence of the lamellar or stranded appearance is absent, in both sectioned and freeze-etch preparations.
p190-B Rho GTPase-activating protein overexpression disrupts ductal morphogenesis and induces hyperplastic lesions in the developing mammary gland

p190-B Rho GTPase activating protein is essential for mammary gland development because p190-B deficiency prevents ductal morphogenesis. To investigate the role of p190-B during distinct stages of mammary gland development, tetracycline-regulatable p190-B-overexpressing mice were generated. Short-term induction of p190-B in the developing mammary gland results in abnormal terminal end buds (TEBs) that exhibit aberrant budding off the neck, histological anomalies, and a markedly thickened stroma. Overexpression of p190-B throughout postnatal development results in increased branching, delayed ductal elongation, and disorganization of the ductal tree. Interestingly, overexpression of p190-B during pregnancy results in hyperplastic lesions. Several cellular and molecular alterations detected within the aberrant TEBs may contribute to these phenotypes. Signaling through the IGF pathway is altered, and the myoepithelial cell layer is discontinuous at sites of aberrant budding. An increase in collagen and extensive infiltration of macrophages, which have recently been implicated in branching morphogenesis, is observed in the stroma surrounding the p190-B-overexpressing TEBs. We propose that the stromal response, disruption of the myoepithelial layer, and alterations in IGF signaling in the p190-B-overexpressing mice impact the TEB architecture, leading to disorganization and increased branching of the ductal tree. Moreover, we suggest that alterations in tissue architecture and the adjacent stroma as a consequence of p190-B overexpression during pregnancy leads to loss of growth control and the formation of hyperplasia. These data demonstrate that precise control of p190-B Rho GTPase-activating protein activity is critical for normal branching morphogenesis during mammary gland development.
Orally delivered cocaine as a reinforcer for rhesus monkeys.

Abstract Orally delivered cocaine was established as a reinforcer for six rhesus monkeys. Cocaine and its vehicle, water, were available from separate spouts under independent concurrent fixed-ratio schedules. The positions of cocaine and water were reversed between spouts from session to session. Cocaine consistently maintained higher response rates than water. Cocaine concentration was systematically varied for threeof the six monkeys tested, and cocaine intake (mg of drug/kg of body wt.) increased with increases in drug concentration.
A simple method for chemoselective phenol alkylation

Abstract A simple and effective method for chemoselective alkylation of phenol over carboxylic acid using a 40% aqueous solution of tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide that affords the desired phenyl ethers in 82–99% yield is described.
Calreticulin: Roles in Cell-Surface Protein Expression

In order to perform their designated functions, proteins require precise subcellular localizations. For cell-surface proteins, such as receptors and channels, they are able to transduce signals only when properly targeted to the cell membrane. Calreticulin is a multi-functional chaperone protein involved in protein folding, maturation, and trafficking. However, evidence has been accumulating that calreticulin can also negatively regulate the surface expression of certain receptors and channels. In these instances, depletion of calreticulin enhances cell-surface expression and function. In this review, we discuss the role of calreticulin with a focus on its negative effects on the expression of cell-surface proteins.
Implementation of a generalized midpoint algorithm for integration of elastoplastic constitutive relations for von mises' hardening material

Abstract This paper presents a detailed description of the computer implementation of a generalized midpoint algorithm for integration of constitutive relations for von Mises' hardening material. A nonlinear scalar equation for determination of the plastic multiplier is derived. The solution of this equation for a hardening material, by the Newton-Raphson method, usually converges in three-four iterations. The results obtained by the generalized midpoint method for the hollow sphere under internal pressure are compared with analytical and converged subincrementation solutions. A pseudocode of the algorithm and a module in the C programming language is given in the Appendix.
Khrushchev remembered: On the theory of Soviet statehood

KHRUSHCHEV'S innovative energy was one of the outstanding features of his leadership. And one of the areas in which he generated interesting and at least potentially significant new thought was that of the nature and future of the Soviet state itself. Although he was certainly not a theorist, even by Soviet standards, he did open up to discussion one of the most sensitive of all Soviet theoretical questions, that of the 'dictatorship of the proletariat' and its transition to 'communism'. There was, of course, the tradition of extending the ideology as new 'stages' of history are reached and the peculiarly Soviet need to justify practical change in ideological terms. Indeed, one may even refer to a built-in compulsion shared by all Soviet leaders to demonstrate continuous progress towards the goal of communism. But how original was Khrushchev after all? Was it simply a matter of style, or did he really change the Soviet system and the ideology which justifies it?
Psychosocial studies of rheumatoid arthritis: Parental factors compared in cases and controls

Certain psychosocial factors were studied in a group of female patients with rheumatoid arthritis and compared with two groups of controls. A disturbed relationship between patients and their mothers was observed. Conclusions concerning specificity and pathogenesis are not attempted. Certe factores psychosocial esseva studiate in un gruppo de patientes feminin con arthritis rheumatoide e comparate con duo gruppos de controlo. Un disturbate relation inter le patientes e lor matres esseva observate. Nulle essayo es facite de formular conclusiones de specificitate e pathogenese.
Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis: Changing incidence or definition?

Abstract The epidemiology of the systemic vasculitides is poorly documented. Manystudies have been conducted from tertiary referral centers, with resulting problems of referral bias and uncertainty of denominator population, or have involved small populations. We have estimated the incidence of the major forms of systemic vasculitis in a stable, ethnically homogeneous population of 414,000 adults from 1988 to 1994. The overall annual incidence of systemic vasculitis (excluding giant cell arteritis) is 39/million (95% confidence intervals; ranging from 31 to 47). The annual incidence of Wegener's granulomatosis is 8.5/ million (range, 5.2 to 12.9), Churg-Strauss syndrome 2.4/million (0.9 to 5.3), microscopic polyangiitis 2.4/million (0.9 to 5.3), adult Henoch-Schonlein purpura 1.2/million (0.3 to 3.5), and systemic rheumatoid vasculitis 12.5/million (8.5 to 17.7). These data suggest that the overall incidence of systemic vasculitis is greater than previously thought (10/million) with Wegener's granulomatosis and systemic rheumatoid vasculitis being the most common. Whether this represents a genuine increase in incidence or increased physician awareness is uncertain.
A bird's-eye view of forest restoration: Do changes reflect success?

Abstract To understand the ecological effects of forest restoration treatments on several old-growth forest stands in the Flathead National Forest of western Montana, USA, we surveyed birds at 72 points in treatment and control stands, and at more than 50 points in each of five potential reference stand conditions. We used a Before–After/Control-Impact design to assess treatment effects based on data collected 3 years before and 2 years after treatment. We also examined the similarity in bird community composition among all stand types by using a nonmetric multidimensional scaling approach. Relative abundances of only a few bird species changed significantly as a result of restoration treatments, and these changes were characterized largely by declines in the abundances of a few species associated with more mesic, dense-forest conditions, and not by increases in the abundances of species associated with more xeric, old-growth reference stand conditions. Thus, bird communities in treated stands were more similar to those in untreated stands of the same forest type than to those found in any of the potential old-growth reference stands. Although more time may be required for some bird species to respond to treatments, our results suggest that treatment plot sizes were either too small to affect bird communities or that the forest type selected for treatment was not within the range of forest types that are well suited for this type of forest restoration.
Feasibility Study for Robotic Radical Prostatectomy Cautery Free Neurovascular Bundle Preservation

Abstract Introduction Efforts continue to develop techniques that maintain the neurovascular bundles and minimize trauma for robotic laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We evaluated the feasibility of preserving the nerve bundles without cautery or surgical clips. Technical considerations The seminal vesicles were dissected using scissors and bipolar cautery. After the rectum was mobilized, the vascular pedicles (VPs) were delineated. Laparoscopic bulldog clamps (30 mm) were placed at least 1 cm from the prostate. Using scissors, the VPs were divided right at the prostate. The neurovascular bundle was gently dissected off the prostatic capsule. After mobilizing the bundle, FloSeal was applied along its entire length. The FloSeal was then covered with a dry 1 × 4-cm sheet of Gelfoam. Once the prostate was removed, the bulldog clamps were sequentially withdrawn. The VPs were observed, and, if pulsatile bleeding was encountered, a 3-0 figure-of-eight suture was precisely placed for hemostasis. When hemostasis was complete, the anastomosis was performed. Results In 17 men, temporary vascular occlusion was applied to 27 VPs and FloSeal and Gelfoam was applied each time. In 4 cases (15%), hemostasis was inadequate because of continued arterial bleeding that was easily controlled with a superficial figure-of-eight ligature of 3.0 absorbable suture. The average estimated blood loss was 91 mL (range 75 to 150). Conclusions Cautery-free, clip-free, nerve-sparing robotic laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is feasible using a combination of temporary occlusion of the thick posterior prostatic pedicles with bulldog clamps followed by application of FloSeal. The effect on potency needs further follow-up.
Evaluation of Basal Autonomic Status in Normal Human Term Fetuses by Heart Rate Variability Spectral Analysis: Preliminary Report

Measures of autonomic nervous system functioning have received considerable attention because of the recognition that differences in sympathetic-parasympathetic balance may account for differences in neurobehavioral development. The purpose of this study was to determine if human fetuses could be categorized as either sympathetic-dominated or parasympathetic-dominated based on an analysis of the resting heart rate variability power distribution. The study population consisted of 17 normal human fetuses in quiet sleep between 36 and 40 weeks gestation. The fetal electrocardiogram was captured transabdominally in 3-min blocks at a rate of 833 Hz and fetal R-waves were extracted from the raw data using adaptive signal processing techniques. The fetal R-wave interbeat intervals (IBls) were converted to equally spaced, time-based data, and linear detrending was accomplished by subtracting the mean heart period from each weighted IBI. Total power (TP, 0.0-2.5 Hz) was divided into respiratory sinus arrhythmia (R...
Gilgamesh the Giant: The Qumran Book of Giants' Appropriation of Gilgamesh Motifs

The Qumran Book of Giants shows familiarity with lore from the classic Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh. It has been proposed that the author of the Book of Giants drew from the epic in order to polemicize against it. There is much to commend this view. The name of the hero of the tale is given to one of the murderous, wicked giants of the primordial age. Examination of fragments of the Book of Giants, in particular 4Q530 2 ii and 4Q531 22, however, suggest that key aspects of its portrayal of Gilgamesh the giant cannot be explained as polemic against Mesopotamian literary traditions. The Book of Giants creatively appropriates motifs from the epic and makes Gilgamesh a character in his own right in ways that often have little to do with Gilgamesh.
Musculoskeletal fracture: what is different in children?-skimboarding, fall, right foot pain.

A 15-year-old male was skimboarding on the beach. All of a sudden, he lost his balance and fell off the skimboard. He landed on his right foot and had immediate pain and swelling. However, he was still able to bear weight on the extremity but symptoms worsened over the next day and he was brought to our emergency room (ER) for evaluation. Upon arrival at the ER, he was walking but seemed to favor his right lower extremity. On physical examination there was some swelling over the forefoot and with pressure, pain seemed to center around the second and third digits of the foot, primarily over the distal metatarsal region. Otherwise our patient was completely normal and radiographs of the feet were obtained (Fig. 1). Do you see a fracture?
Correlation of nitrogen chirality, R or S, with metal chelate chirality, Δ or Λ, in a series of reduced tripodal Schiff base complexes. A route to total spontaneous resolution

Abstract Tripodal Schiff base ligands, Lox, were prepared in situ by the 3:1 condensation of 5-methyl-4-imidazole carboxaldehyde, 2-imidazole carboxaldehyde or 1-methyl-2-imidazole carboxaldehyde with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, tren. The Schiff base ligands were reduced in situ by established procedures with sodium borohydride to give the amine form of the ligand, Lred. Complexes of manganese(II) or iron(II), [MLred] X2 (X = ClO 4 - , BF 4 - or PF 6 - ) were prepared and characterized by IR, ESI MS, single crystal X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy for the iron(II) complex. The structures of the complexes are best described as mono capped trigonal antiprismatic with the center nitrogen atom of the tren capping the amine face. In all cases the three amine nitrogen atoms of the tripodal ligand are homochiral (RRR or SSS) within the same complex. Further, in the eight complexes examined the chirality of the nitrogen atom correlates with the metal chelate chirality. Specifically R correlates with Λ, and S correlates with Δ. Simple molecular mechanics calculations are consistent with this experimental observation.
Use of absolute coordinates in computational multibody dynamics

Abstract This paper discusses the relative advantages and disadvantages of using absolute coordinates (as opposed to relative coordinates) in the formulation and numerical solution of the governing dynamical equations of multibody systems. The analysis of the paper uses Kane's equations—a method receiving increasing attention and use in the technical literature. It is shown that absolute coordinates provide significant advantages in the formulation and solution of the governing equations. The principal disadvantage of using absolute coordinates is that they are not generally intuitive nor descriptive of physical systems. Hence, in automated analyses a combined use of absolute and relative coordinates is recommended. Finally, a simple example with a three-bar pendulum is presented.
An investigation of behavioral characteristics of rats developed from "senile" ova.

This study sought to determine whether behavioral handicaps result in rats when fertilization occurs late in the life of the ova. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were mated so that fertilization occurred near ovulation or approximately 6 hr afterward. Although late-mated females showed more rejection of the male than controls, there was no difference in the probability of becoming pregnant given that copulation occurred (P= 0.80). Measures of maternal activities during gestation and the maternal care period revealed no differences between groups; 34 measures of offspring behavior in the home cage and standard learning apparatuses showed no consistent group differences.
Pigeons’ discrimination of color proportion in computer-generated visual displays

Pigeons were trained to discriminate the proportion of red to green color in paired stimulus displays. Initially, the stimuli were horizontal bars composed of continuous blocks of color that varied from being all red versus all green to .5 proportions of these two colors. Discrimination accuracy decreased as a function of the disparity in the proportions of the two colors. This relationship was maintained when the stimulus configurations were altered in various ways. Tests with horizontal bars indicated that the pigeons could utilize differences in the lengths (or areas) of one of the colors when choosing between stimuli. They did not rely only on this type of cue to assess proportion disparities but rather on multiple stimulus parameters. Also, the form of the discrimination function suggests that the pigeons distinguished ratio differences, so that Weber’s law applies to this type of discrimination.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Heterocycle, 2-Oxa-4,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]Non-3-Ene

The compound 5, containing the novel heterocycle 2-oxa-4,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene, has been obtained in a synthetic approach toward oxazoles and 1,3-diazepanes of natural product-like complexity from cyclization and rearrangement of δ-lactam cyanamides. When this procedure was applied to a silyl-protected N-((3S,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-oxopiperidin-3-yl)cyanamide (2b) formation of the novel heterobicyclic scaffold 5 was observed along with the expected oxazole (3b) and diazepane (4b) products. The crystal structures of 5 and diazepane 4b are described. Compound 5 crystallized from methanol in the monoclinic system, P21 space group with unit cell parameters a = 15.3402(9), b = 7.2717(4), c = 22.5803(13), β = 106.8620(10) and a cell volume of 2410.5(2) A3. The synthesis and crystal structure of the title compound is described.
Is Gravitational Dual Charge Physical

It has been shown that nonzero gravitational dual charge cannot be found in a spinmanifold space-time. Nevertheless, gravitational dual charge is not physically inconsistent with spin-1/2, because spinor nodal regions should be excluded from the manifold. However, gravitational dual charge cannot be borne by any object sufficiently localizable that it can be surrounded by an everywhere spacelike two-sphere, hence is not readily visible in Cauchy data.
Soil moisture extraction by evergreen and drought-deciduous shrubs in the Mojave Desert during wet and dry years

Annual and seasonal evapo-transpiration (ET) were compared among Mojave Desert shrubs with different leaf phenologies over a 3-year period during which annual precipitation varied from well below average to more than twice average. During the wet year, soil wetting fronts reached maximum depths of 0·75 m to >1·95 m, depending on soil texture at the study sites. The evergreen shrubs Larrea tridentata and Ephedra nevadensis , and the drought-deciduous shrubAmbrosia dumosa , were able to extract soil water in a uniform manner to depths >1 m. For stands of the deciduous shrubLycium pallidum , a soil texture change at c. 0·75 m impeded percolation of water below that depth. There were no significant differences (p<0·05) in annual ET between the evergreen shrubs Larrea and Ephedra relative to the drought-deciduous shrubs Ambrosia and Lycium during the 3 years of the study. Early in the growing season, extraction of soil water from beneath plant canopies was slightly greater than from shrub interspaces forAmbrosia , Ephedra , and Lycium , but not for Larrea . For all species, annual soil water extraction from beneath plant canopies was not significantly different than that from shrub interspaces. The lower limit of soil water extraction (Le) for the study sites varied from 4 to 10 volumetric per cent, depending on soil texture, and did not differ significantly among species. For all species, Lewas reached within 6 to 12 months following twice average precipitation during the period of November 1994 to March 1995. We conclude that ET in the Mojave Desert is dependent largely on winter precipitation and the amount of soil water available during the growing season rather than on species composition.
On the Effect of Birefringence on Light Transmission in Polycrystalline Magnesium Fluoride

Light transmission in polycrystalline magnesium fluoride was studied as a function of the mean grain size at different wavelengths. The mean grain size was varied by annealing hot-pressed billets in argon atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 800°C for 1 h. The grain-size and grain-orientation distributions were characterized by electron back scatter diffraction. The scattering coefficients were calculated from the in-line transmittance measured at various wavelengths. The scattering coefficient of polycrystalline magnesium fluoride increased linearly with the mean grain size and inversely with the square of the wavelength of light. It is shown that these trends are consistent with theoretical models based on both a limiting form of the Raleigh–Gans–Debye (RGD) theory of particle scattering and light retardation theories that take refractive index variations along the light path. Quantitative predictions of the theories are, however, subject to uncertainly due to the restrictive assumptions made in the theories and difficulties in representing the microstructure in the theoretical models. In particular, grain-size distribution has a significant influence on the scattering coefficient calculated using particle scattering models.
Gas Phase Chemical Reactions of Transition Metal Clusters

Transition metal clusters are generated by pulsed laser vaporization and nucleation in a continuous gas-flow reactor. Gaseous reactants are added downstream, and the resulting products expanded into vacuum, collimated into a molecular beam, and analyzed by pulsed laser nonresonant multiphoton ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Oxidation of iron clusters is found to yield iron-deficient species with the approximate composition Fe0.9O. Nickel cluster oxidation gives oxygen-deficient products having the formula NiO0.75. The relation of these results to bulk metal oxidation is discussed. Hydrogenation/deuteration of iron clusters is described, and evidence for H-D exchange on iron clusters is presented. Reaction of iron clusters with CO is also reported.
Programmable transformation of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes into 3D microstructures

Capillary forming of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enables the fabrication of unique 3D microstructures over large areas. In this paper we focus on the simulation as well as on the integration of these structures in MEMS devices. We developed finite element models (FEM) that enables qualitative prediction of shape transformations caused by capillary forming; and show how capillary formed CNT structured can be integrated with conventional lithographic processing for patterning of polymers and metals in concert with CNTs.
Studies of the electron transport systems of heart muscle: biochemical and antigenic properties of a soluble DPNH dehydrogenase.

flavin, nonheme iron, and labile sulfide groups in an approximate ratio of 1:2:2, respectively. In electron paramagnetic resonance studies the dehydrogenase showed a g = 1.93 signal upon reduction with hydrosulfite, but not with DPNH, which suggests that the iron is not active in the enzymic catalysis. Studies of immunodiffusion and of enzyme inhibition with specific antibodies suggest that the DPNH dehydrogenase has not been grossly modified during preparation, and that it and the dehydrogenases prepared by the methods of King and Howard and Cremona and Kearney are related to each other and to preparations of DPNH oxidase.
Complete Cytogenetic Response, Not Deep Molecular Response, Is Associated With Survival in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

TO THEEDITOR:Hehlmannetal 1 recentlypublishedupdated results from the four-arm randomized study CML-Study IV (Imatinib Mesylate With or Without Interferon Alfa or Cytarabine Compared With Interferon Alfa Followed by Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia). They concluded that a confirmed deep molecular response (MR 4.5 ; BCRABL transcript 0.0032% on the international scale) during receipt of imatinib therapy (regardless of dose) predicts for improved survival. The conclusion is based on a post hoc analysis of BCR-ABL transcript levels that were measured at 4 years (Fig 3A in the article by Hehlmann et al), showing that BCRABL transcripts 0.1% to 1%, 0.01% to 0.1%, 0.0032% to 0.01%, and 0.0032% were associated with estimated 8-year survival rates of 83%, 88%, 90%, and 92%, respectively (P .047). Figure 3A also shows that inability to achieve complete cytogeneticresponse(CCR)at4yearswasassociatedwithsignificantly worse outcome than the other four categories (estimated 8-year
Transparent distributed object management under completely decentralized control

An experimental distributed system based on an integrated system design was built that incorporates user-level or environmental application requirements into the design issues of the distributed operating system Dragon Slayer. The key for making use of the Dragon Slayer services, in supporting applications requesting a high amount of reliability under completely decentralized control, is the definition of the concept of distributed objects. These were used as the basis for a paradigm of distributed computing that allows users to neglect the distribution of services and responses. How distributed objects are managed in Dragon Slayer is outlined. The distributed objects are logical objects which may be partitioned. The parts or fractions may be distributed over several nodes. They may even exist in multiple copies or version. In order to prepare the ground for requirements regarding distributed object management, a taxonomy of object-oriented approaches and their methods of managing distributed object operations is given. A set of necessary conditions for the design of distributed operating system services that are to support such management methods under completely decentralized control is determined. >
Open access: The global scene

Significant achievements have been scored regarding Open Access (OA) and its worldwide adoption. The increasing numbers in the availability of OA repositories and journals (refereed and otherwise); publishers that embraced OA in different forms; universities and colleges that adopted OA as a matter of policy; and funding agencies that require authors and researchers to deposit their work in openly accessible digital repositories are all clear indications of the widespread adoption of OA practices. However, the practices are not well coordinated, largely project-based, and dictated by institutional circumstances. For the sake of disseminating and preserving scholarly publications and other forms of research outputs well into the future, it is critical that a consistent and uniform policy and technical framework that addresses the needs and concerns of all relevant stakeholders involved be adopted. Members of this panel will review the global OA practices and suggest ideas for the implementation of an international infrastructure that supports and sustains the future of open scholarly communication.
Analysis of bacterial community composition in concretions formed on the USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor, HI

Abstract Invertebrate fouling communities called concretions form on archaeological metals submerged in marine environments. The concretions are inhabited by bacteria that play a role in formation and persistence of the concretion layer. We analyzed the bacterial community in concretion samples collected from the external hull of the USS Arizona in Pearl Harbor, HI. Variability in the size of the bacterial community was high and the concretions appear to harbor approximately 106 bacteria/g. Analysis of 16S rDNA clones indicated that the community consisted of bacteria related to three phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. The low bacterial diversity may indicate a late-succession stage community within the stable concretion. Alternatively, the low diversity could be the result of residual antifouling chemicals applied to the ship hull. It is likely that the bacterial community detected in these concretions plays an important role in the continuing corrosion of the USS Arizona.
Sustained adenosine exposure causes lung endothelial apoptosis: a possible contributor to cigarette smoke-induced endothelial apoptosis and lung injury.

Pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of emphysema. Cigarette smoke (CS) causes lung EC apoptosis and emphysema. In this study, we show that CS exposure ...
Subjective–objective sleep discrepancy among older adults: associations with insomnia diagnosis and insomnia treatment

Discrepancy between subjective and objective measures of sleep is associated with insomnia and increasing age. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia improves sleep quality and decreases subjective-objective sleep discrepancy. This study describes differences between older adults with insomnia and controls in sleep discrepancy, and tests the hypothesis that reduced sleep discrepancy following cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia correlates with the magnitude of symptom improvement reported by older adults with insomnia. Participants were 63 adults >60 years of age with insomnia, and 51 controls. At baseline, participants completed sleep diaries for 7 days while wearing wrist actigraphs. After receiving cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, insomnia patients repeated this sleep assessment. Sleep discrepancy variables were calculated by subtracting actigraphic sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset from respective self-reported estimates, pre- and post-treatment. Mean level and night-to-night variability in sleep discrepancy were investigated. Baseline sleep discrepancies were compared between groups. Pre-post-treatment changes in Insomnia Severity Index score and sleep discrepancy variables were investigated within older adults with insomnia. Sleep discrepancy was significantly greater and more variable across nights in older adults with insomnia than controls, P ≤ 0.001 for all. Treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia was associated with significant reduction in the Insomnia Severity Index score that correlated with changes in mean level and night-to-night variability in wake after sleep onset discrepancy, P < 0.001 for all. Study of sleep discrepancy patterns may guide more targeted treatments for late-life insomnia.