cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Faking It: Calculating Loss in Computer Crime Sentencing

This paper argues that the sentences courts have been imposing for violations of the federal computer crime statute – 18 U.S.C. § 1030 – do not accurately reflect the seriousness of the offense or treat like offenders equally. By definition, sentencing is heavily dependent on economic measures of harm, particularly the cost of investigating the incident and restoring the system to its original state. The legal definition of harm, however, does not accord with the real world responses of investigators who want to get critical systems running again to improve the state of security. Also, by focusing on monetary loss, sentences do not adequately reflect intangible damage that is difficult to value monetarily, like invasions of privacy, access to or theft of data, or interruption of service. The readily measured monetary loss like labor and hardware costs associated with investigating, repairing, and restoring compromised systems are more a function of victims’ choices than a reflection of perpetrator wrongdoing or system interference. Sentencing law and practice has failed to discriminate between harmful and trivial attacks. There are several legal approaches we could adopt to mitigate these problems. Ultimately, the question of how to remedy intrusions depends on whether a consensus evolves about the value of the rights and property interests that are commonly harmed by computer attacks.
Influence of Size of Individual Homopolynucleotides on the Physical and Biological Properties of Complexed rIn:rCn (Poly I:C)

SummaryReduction in the size of rCn by sonic radiation caused a decrease in viscosity when complexed with rIn of high molecular weight but did not bring about a decrease in protective activity of the rIn:rCn against PVM or VSV viruses. Greater reduction in size of rCn by treatment with RNase resulted in progressive loss of capacity to complex with rIn and to protect against viral infections. The capacity of rIn:rCn to induce resistance to VSV virus in vitro and to PVM virus in vivo was more dependent upon maintaining a high molecular weight of rIn than of rCn. Activity was markedly diminished when the average molecular weight of rIn was below 1.9 × 105 and of rCn below 2.3 × 104.
The Last Days of the Rainbelt. By David J. Wishart.

David J. Wishart’s new book, The Last Days of the Rainbelt, focuses on the boom and bust settlement cycles of the Great Plains in the late nineteenth century, directly relying on oral histories, go...
Impact of RAS and BRAF mutations on carcinoembryonic antigen production and pattern of colorectal metastases

AIM: To investigate the impact of RAS and BRAF mutations on the pattern of metastatic disease and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) production. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we investigated the impact of RAS and BRAF mutational status on pattern of metastatic disease and CEA production. Only patients presenting with a newly diagnosed metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) were included. Patients’ characteristics, primary tumor location, site of metastatic disease and CEA at presentation were compared between those with and without RAS and BRAF mutations. RESULTS: Among 174 patients, mutations in KRAS, NRAS and BRAF were detected in 47%, 3% and 6% respectively. RAS mutations (KRAS and NRAS) were more likely to be found in African American patients (87% vs 13%; P value = 0.0158). RAS mutations were associated with a higher likelihood of a normal CEA (< 5 ng/mL) at presentation. BRAF mutations were more likely to occur in females. We were not able to confirm any association between mutational status and site of metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. CONCLUSION: No association was found between RAS and BRAF mutations and sites of metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis in our cohort. Patients with RAS mutations were more likely to present with CEA levels < 5 ng/mL. These findings may have clinical implications on surveillance strategies for RAS mutant patients with earlier stages of CRC.
Fragmented Persons: Charles Lamb, John Woodvil and ‘The Confessions of a Drunkard’

Attitudes toward heavy drinking change at the end of the eighteenth century. We have seen that doctors and social observers noticed the heavy drinking of the poor because of their greater concentration in cities and around industries, and that doctors began to call this drinking a disease and to lament it not just for groups but also for individual cases. We have seen Dr Currie examine at length Burns’s drunkenness where fifty years before it would scarcely deserve mention and two hundred years before would rouse laughter, as the transformation of the drunkard Christopher Sly in Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew sets the tone of the actions to come. Dating the moment of change is difficult, but the contrast between Samuel Johnson (who willed himself to stop drinking) and James Boswell (who tried, but could not) points the way:1 inward struggle, powerlessness and guilty awareness subtly deepen the problem of drunkenness.
Multi-Method Social Science: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Tools

Reflecting the rising popularity of research that combines qualitative and quantitative social science, Multi-Method Social Science provides the first systematic guide to designing multi-method research. It argues that methods can be productively combined using the framework of integrative multi-method research, with one method used to carry out a final causal inference, and methods from other traditions used to test the key assumptions involved in that causal inference. In making this argument, Jason Seawright considers a wide range of statistical tools including regression, matching, and natural experiments. The book also discusses qualitative tools including process tracing, the use of causal process observations, and comparative case study research. Along the way, the text develops over a dozen multi-method designs to test key assumptions about social science causation.
Anatomic Foundations and Physiology of Erectile Function and Urinary Continence

The widespread use of PSA screening since the 1990s and the consequent downward stage migration of incident prostate cancer (PCa) in the United States has led to an increasing number of younger patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized PCa. While this has led to higher disease specific and overall survival, it has also highlighted the critical role of functional outcomes (i.e., urinary continence and erectile function) in affecting the health-related quality of life for the PCa survivor. It is in this context that robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery offers tremendous opportunities, with its magnified, 3-dimensional view, more degree of freedom of movements, and the ability to carry out precise tissue dissections. The ability to translate these technological advancements into superior functional outcomes is, however, firmly predicated on a clear understanding of the underlying principles of anatomical and physiological interactions responsible for maintaining urinary continence and erectile function. This chapter is intended to discuss the evolution of current understanding of these aspects.
Mixing Fire and Water: A Critical Phenomenology

Various, albeit largely incongruent, attempts have been made at demonstrating the critical force of phenomenology. Mohr seeks to rekindle the project by accentuating the critical potential hidden within a core phenomenological presupposition: the discrepancy between conceptual and intuitive meaning (logos and phenomenon). Phenomenological attention on the discrepancy itself as an experienced phenomenon constitutes the starting point of critical phenomenology. While Adorno famously rejects intuition as a viable candidate for grounding critique, Mohr argues that reflection on lived experiences and the nonformal meanings they yield provide a robust source for critical self-reflection. As such, ideology may be most effectively unmasked by means of a proper attitudinal orientation to the intuitive meanings within one’s lived social experiences.
4 Age–Crime Curve and Criminal Career Patterns

The age–crime curve is remarkably similar in shape across data source and represents the aggregate prevalence of criminal behavior. At the individual level, there is considerable variation in offending trajectories, and scholars disagree about what explains the relationship between age and crime. A host of constructs from sociology, psychology, neuroscience, and biosocial perspectives explain variance in the age–crime curve. These include personality developmental, fluctuations in neurotransmission, socioemotional functioning, various criminal career patterns, and others. This chapter summarizes research on the age–crime curve and criminal career patterns with particular focus on the important and multiple contributions of Marc Le Blanc.
Multi-drug treatment for stroke with granule-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), DETC-MeSO and sulindac- Therapy and mechanism

R we have developed several novel drugs including granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a stem cell enhancer and facilitator and a neuroprotector, S-methyl-N,N-diethylthiolcarbamate sulfoxide (DETC-MeSO), a NMDA receptor partial antagonist and sulindac, a potent catalytic anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent and it was shown that each of them is quite effective in protecting and repairing ischemia-induced neuronal injury in MCAO stroke animal model as well as in hypoxia culture model. In addition, we found thatsimilar protection could be achieved by the multi-drug treatment with a combination of G-CSF, DETC-MeSO, and sulindac at 1/10 of the dose of the individual drug as mentioned above. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. The brain infract size is reduced by 50-60% by the multi-drug treatment either administered prior to or post MCAO surgery; 2. The anti-apoptotic protein markers such as Bcl-2 are markedly up-regulated whereas the pro-apoptotic protein markers such as Bax, Bak, Bim, caspase 3 etc are markedly down-regulated; 3. The stress markers for endoplasmic reticulum (ER), such as GRP78 and CHOP are greatly down-regulated. In summary, these results indicate that the multi-drug treatment with G-CSF, DETC-MeSO and sulindac is effective in protecting and restoring the neuronal function in MCAO stroke model and represents a new approach for clinical intervention for stroke.
Consumers’ Legitimate and Opportunistic Product Return Behaviors: An Extended Abstract

Product return is a necessary part of the exchange/transaction process between buyers and sellers, which, however, also erodes firm profits. Product returns cost US manufacturers and retailers approximately $100 billion annually in lost sales through reboxing, restocking, and reselling, reducing profits by 3.8 % on average per retailer or manufacturer (Blanchard 2007; Petersen and Kumar 2009; Petersen and Kumar 2012). Due to an increasing return policy abuse and return rate, many firms have altered their generous return policies to restrictive return policies to protect profits. However, it’s suggested that the restrictive return policy could also reduce customer satisfaction, increase the perceived risk, and thus negatively affect customers’ decision-making (Petersen and Kumar 2009). Therefore, even though manufacturers and retailers hate product returns, smart companies are accepting them as bitter pills to be swallowed (Petersen and Kummar 2012). In other words, having a restrictive return policy is not a solution.
User-friendly tools for quantifying the dynamics of cellular morphology and intracellular protein clusters

Abstract Understanding the heterogeneous dynamics of cellular processes requires not only tools to visualize molecular behavior but also versatile approaches to extract and analyze the information contained in live-cell movies of many cells. Automated identification and tracking of cellular features enable thorough and consistent comparative analyses in a high-throughput manner. Here, we present tools for two challenging problems in computational image analysis: (1) classification of motion for cells with complex shapes and dynamics and (2) segmentation of clustered cells and quantification of intracellular protein distributions based on a single fluorescence channel. We describe these methods and user-friendly software 1 (MATLAB applications with graphical user interfaces) so these tools can be readily applied without an extensive knowledge of computational techniques.
Can Fibrous Mats Outperform Current Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Membranes

Ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) membranes have important applications in separations related to proteins, pharmaceutical products, viruses, food and beverages, water treatment, and sterilization. Although phase inversion membranes have been used for MF and UF applications for decades, there has been, instead, an increase in interest in using electrospun fibrous mats as MF/UF membranes. Although the selectivity–permeability tradeoff for conventional phase-inversion UF membranes is now established, such an understanding for phase-inversion MF membranes and for fibrous mat membranes does not exist. Here, we report the first preliminary selectivity–permeability tradeoff for commercially available MF membranes. We also describe a theoretical framework that can be used to evaluate the performance of fibrous mats. Mats consisting of a random array of nanofibers were modeled with a gamma pore size distribution, based on previous work. The pore size distribution of the mat was related to the physical...
Observations upon experimental philosophy. Abridged, with related texts

The work of the seventeenth-century author Margaret Cavendish has recently seen increased interest from historians of philosophy. That interest was perhaps encouraged by an earlier edition of this ...
Serum starvation of ARPE-19 changes the cellular distribution of cholesterol and Fibulin3 in patterns reminiscent of age-related macular degeneration

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated as key source of cholesterol-rich deposits at Bruch's membrane (BrM) and in drusen in aging human eye. We have shown that serum-deprivation of confluent RPE cells is associated with upregulation of cholesterol synthesis and accumulation of unesterified cholesterol (UC). Here we investigate the cellular processes involved in this response. We compared the distribution and localization of UC and esterified cholesterol (EC); the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) associated EFEMP1/Fibulin3 (Fib3); and levels of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT) ACAT1, ACAT2 and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in ARPE-19 cells cultured in serum-supplemented and serum-free media. The results were compared with distributions of these lipids and proteins in human donor eyes with AMD. Serum deprivation of ARPE-19 was associated with increased formation of FM dye-positive membrane vesicles, many of which co-labeled for UC. Additionally, UC colocalized with Fib3 in distinct granules. By day 5, serum-deprived cells grown on transwells secreted Fib3 basally into the matrix. While mRNA and protein levels of ACTA1 were constant over several days of serum-deprivation, ACAT2 levels increased significantly after serum-deprivation, suggesting increased formation of EC. The lower levels of intracellular EC observed under serum-deprivation were associated with increased formation and secretion of ApoB. The responses to serum-deprivation in RPE-derived cells: accumulation and secretion of lipids, lipoproteins, and Fib3 are very similar to patterns seen in human donor eyes with AMD and suggest that this model mimics processes relevant to disease progression.
The Comanche Kinship System in Historical Perspective1

An historical study of the Comanche kinship system throws new light on processes of kinship change. The Comanche are an unique group which underwent a long neriod of acculturation with little or no...
The house of god-is it pertinent 30 years later?

How can we demand that residents be more humane and professional with their patients when we have made the entire world of medicine, within which they must function, steadily less humane?
Can Facebook Reduce Perceived Anxiety Among College Students? Randomized Controlled Exercise Trial Using the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change.

Background: Recent studies suggest social media may be an attractive strategy to promote mental health and wellness. There remains a need to examine the utility for individually tailored wellness messages posted to social media sites such as Facebook to facilitate positive psychological outcomes. Objective: Our aim was to extend the growing body of evidence supporting the potential for social media to enhance mental health. We evaluated the influence of an 8-week social media intervention on anxiety in college students and examined the impact of dynamic (active) versus static (passive) Facebook content on physical activity behaviors. Methods: Participants in the static group (n=21) accessed a Facebook page featuring 96 statuses. Statuses were intended to engage cognitive processes followed by behavioral processes of change per the transtheoretical model of behavior change. Content posted on the static Facebook page was identical to the dynamic page; however, the static group viewed all 96 statuses on the first day of the study, while the dynamic group received only 1 to 2 of these status updates per day throughout the intervention. Anxiety was measured using the Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS). Time spent engaging in physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The OASIS change score for the dynamic Facebook group was statistically significant (P=.003), whereas the change score for the static group was not (P=.48). A statistically significant group-by-time interaction was observed (P=.03). The total IPAQ group-by-time interaction was not statistically significant (P=.06). Conclusions: We observed a decrease in anxiety and increase in total physical activity for the dynamic group only. Dynamic social networking sites, featuring regularly updated content, may be more advantageous than websites that retain static content over time. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03363737; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03363737 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6vXzNbOWJ)
Developmental regulation of kidney and liver solute carrier and ATP-binding cassette drug transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes: the role of remote organ communication

INTRODUCTION The ontogeny of drug transport and metabolism is generally studied independently in tissues, yet in the immediate postnatal period the developmental regulation of SLC and ABC transporters and metabolizing enzymes must be coordinated. Using the Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis as a framework, we describe how a systems physiology view helps to make sense of how inter-organ communication via hepatic, renal, and intestinal transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) is regulated from the immediate postnatal period through adulthood. Areas covered: This review examines patterns of developmental expression and function of transporters and DMEs with a focus on how cross-talk between these proteins in the kidney, liver and other organs (e.g., intestine) may be coordinated postnatally to optimize levels of metabolites and endogenous signaling molecules as well as gut-microbiome products. Expert opinion/commentary: Developmental expression is considered in terms of the Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis, which addresses how transporters and DMEs participate in inter-organ and inter-organism small molecule communication in health, development, and disease. This hypothesis, for which there is growing support, is particularly relevant to the 'birth transition' and post-natal developmental physiology when organs must deal with critical physiological tasks distinct from the fetal period and where remote inter-organ and possibly inter-organismal (e.g. infant-gut microbiome) communication is likely to be critical to maintain homeostasis.
Electrocardiographic effects of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) in healthy volunteers: A randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the electrocardiographic effects of hawthorn in healthy adult volunteers. It was double-blind cross-over trial randomized 20 healthy adult volunteers to receive either a single oral 160-mg dose of hawthorn or matching placebo. Triplicate 12-lead electrocardiograms were taken before treatment and at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-hr post-dose. Following at least a 7-day washout period, participants were crossed over to the opposing treatment arm and had the measurements repeated. The primary endpoint was the change in corrected (Fridericia) QT intervals (QTc I) at 4 and 6 hr. Maximum post-dose QTc I and changes in PR and QRS intervals were measured. No significant differences in 4- or 6-hr QTc I were seen between hawthorn and placebo. Maximum post-dose QTc I in the hawthorn and placebo groups were similar (346 ± 35 vs 346 ± 40 ms; p = .979). No significant adverse events were seen. In conclusion, a single dose of oral hawthorn had no effect on electrocardiographic parameters in healthy volunteers.
Management of Canalicular Trauma

Canalicular lacerations are a frequent periocular injury that should be addressed promptly to avoid canalicular stenosis and subsequent epiphora. Canalicular repair requires appropriate intubation of the canaliculus across the laceration with a silicone stent. Surgeons have a wide variety of stent materials available that have, in many cases, made repair technically easier and faster and eliminated the need for general anesthesia. Surgeons should be familiar with general canalicular intubation and eyelid closure techniques and the different silicone stent materials available and their benefits and shortcomings.
The Nature of Defects on Solid Surfaces as Studied by Electron Spectroscopy

The study of bulk defects in solids has been an active area of both experimental and theoretical research for many years, and as the other articles in this volume attest, a great deal is known about them and their properties. Our understanding of surface defects on solids is, on the contrary, in its infancy. The whole field of surface science has only blossomed during the last 15–20 years, largely because the experimental techniques necessary for the controlled study of surfaces, including ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), were not previously widely available. With the advent of commercial UHV systems and surface-sensitive electron spectrometers of various types ,a growing segment of the scientific community began trying to unravel the mysteries of the physics and chemistry of surfaces. As with any new field, the logical starting point was the study of simple systems,i.e., nearly perfect single-crystal surfaces. Work on perfect surfaces served as a proving ground for both the new experimental techniques and theoretical approaches. An extremely important aspect of surface science is the interaction of surfaces with adsorbed molecules, and studies in that area also began by using perfect surfaces as substrates.
The Spatial Nature of Justice: A Scholar–Practitioner Perspective

In this chapter, the author takes the position that conceptualizing leadership concerned with social injustices as spatial practice rests, in part, with the conceptualization of power and identity or political subjectivity as defining elements of place and space. In turn, conceptualizing leaders as scholar–practitioners, it is argued, is concerned with examining a path to leadership as critical praxis for social justice. The argument is made that schools, as political spaces, are also practiced places wherein social injustices can be addressed. It is in understanding the spatial nature of schools that conceptualizing scholar–practitioner leadership is undertaken. The chapter is organized into four primary sections. The common theme that interfaces the sections is scholar–practitioner leadership and the spatial nature of social justice. The first section addresses the politics of space and the practiced place of schools. The second section discusses the spatial practices necessary for scholar–practitioner leaders to take a stance on social justice and democracy. The third section examines the matter of justice as a basis for articulating scholar–practitioner leadership as critical praxis. The concluding section presents final reflections on scholar–practitioner leadership as spatial practice for justice.
The role of mitomycin C in preventing synechia and stenosis after endoscopic sinus surgery.

BackgroundSynechia and stenosis formation after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) represents a potential source of surgical failure. Mitomycin C (MMC) has been used successfully in other fields to dec...
Luminescent Bacteria: Symbionts of Nematodes Am) Pathogens of Insects

Luminous bacteria are a well-known group of (primarily marine) bacteria that are ecologically quite diverse (Nealson and Hastings, 1979). They participate in a wide variety of symbioses, including loose associations as gut symbionts, species-specific associations as extracellular symbionts of light organs of marine fishes and squids, and intracellular associations as symbionts of luminous tunicates (Nealson et al., 1981). Some examples of these associations are shown in Table 1.
New Hydrogels for Oral Drug Delivery

One of the attractive applications of zero-order release devices could be using them as oral drug carriers. New hydrogels composed of two chemically independent networks [poly-(urethane) network and hydrophilic/hydrophobic balanced network], synthesized by an interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) technique, showed versatile performance in release rate and drug loading with wide range of aqueous drug solubility. These results are obtained by simple modifications of polymer properties, such as crosslinking density of elastic network and hydrophilicity of the second network. The plausible explanation for the results obtained with highly soluble drugs is based on a resulted force balance between elastic contraction and osmotic swelling forces, while the hydrophilicity of the system directly effects the release rate of slightly soluble drugs. This new polymeric system could be a possible candidate for custom-tailored oral drug carrier.
Determinants of Active Surveillance in Patients With Small Renal Masses.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate trends in the utilization of active surveillance (AS) in a nationally representative cancer database. AS has been increasingly recognized as an effective strategy for patients with small renal masses but little is known about national usage patterns. Methods We identified patients with clinical T1a renal masses within the National Cancer Database in 2010 through 2014. Patients were classified according to initial management strategy received including AS, surgery, ablation, or other treatment. We characterized time trends in the use of AS vs definitive therapy and examined clinical and socio-demographic determinants of AS among patients with small renal masses using multivariable logistic regression models. Results We identified 59,189 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of the total cohort, 1733 (2.9%) individuals received initial management with AS, while 57,456 (97.1%) received definitive treatment. Surveillance rates remained below 5% in all years. On multivariate analysis, patient age (OR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.08-1.09), smaller tumor size of Conclusion In a representative national cohort of patients with small renal masses, we observed clinical and facility-level differences in the utilization of active surveillance in patients with T1a renal masses. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the forces underlying initial management decisions for patients with small renal masses.
Circuit development in the master clock network of mammals

Daily rhythms are generated by the circadian timekeeping system, which is orchestrated by the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of mammals. Circadian timekeeping is endogenous and does not require exposure to external cues during development. Nevertheless, the circadian system is not fully formed at birth in many mammalian species and it is important to understand how SCN development can affect the function of the circadian system in adulthood. The purpose of the current review is to discuss the ontogeny of cellular and circuit function in the SCN, with a focus on work performed in model rodent species (i.e., mouse, rat, and hamster). Particular emphasis is placed on the spatial and temporal patterns of SCN development that may contribute to the function of the master clock during adulthood. Additional work aimed at decoding the mechanisms that guide circadian development is expected to provide a solid foundation upon which to better understand the sources and factors contributing to aberrant maturation of clock function.
Human replication protein A: global fold of the N-terminal RPA-70 domain reveals a basic cleft and flexible C-terminal linker.

Human Replication Protein A (hsRPA) is required for multiple cellular processes in DNA metabolism including DNA repair, replication and recombination. It binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity and interacts specifically with multiple proteins. hsRPA forms a heterotrimeric complex composed of 70-, 32- and 14-kDa subunits (henceforth RPA70, RPA32, and RPA14). The N-terminal 168 residues of RPA70 form a structurally distinct domain that stimulates DNA polymerase α activity, interacts with several transcriptional activators including tumor suppressor p53, and during the cell cycle it signals escape from the DNA damage induced G2/M checkpoint. We have solved the global fold of the fragment corresponding to this domain (RPA70Δ169) and we find residues 8–108 of the N-terminal domain are structured. The remaining C-terminal residues are unstructured and may form a flexible linker to the DNA-binding domain of RPA70. The globular region forms a five-stranded anti-parallel β-barrel. The ends of the barrel are capped by short helices. Two loops on one side of the barrel form a large basic cleft which is a likely site for binding the acidic motifs of transcriptional activators. Many lethal or conditional lethal yeast point mutants map to this cleft, whereas no mutations with severe phenotype have been found in the linker region.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES, FRONTAL BRAIN VOLUMES AND NEUROTICISM IN LATE LIFE DEPRESSION

Introduction The neurobiology of neuroticism in late life depression (LLD) is understudied. Previous structural imaging research has linked both smaller hippocampal volumes and greater volume of vascular white matter changes to LLD. We hypothesized older depressed subjects scoring high in measures of neuroticism would have smaller hippocampal volumes compared with non-neurotic older depressed subjects and with non-depressed controls. Methods Non-demented subjects were recruited and were either depressed with high neuroticism, depressed with low neuroticism or not depressed (control). Neuroticism was assessed using the NEO PI. A study psychiatrist confirmed or ruled out diagnosis of depression for depressed and control subjects. Brain MRIs were performed. Results The study sample consisted of 128 older depressed subjects and 36 never depressed controls. Subjects had a mean age of 72 and were 70% female. 50% of depressed subjects scored high on the NEO-PI neuroticism measure. For outcomes focusing on white matter changes, we found that non-neurotic depressed subjects had a higher volume of white matter vascular change than did neurotic depressed subjects and non-depressed controls. For imaging outcomes focused on volumetric analyses, we several frontal lobe regions for which depressed subjects with high neuroticism scores had smaller volumes compared with non-neurotic older depressed subjects and with non-depressed controls, controlling for age and gender. These regions included frontal pole, medial orbitofrontal cortex and left pars orbitalis. We did not find significant between-group differences in hippocampal volume. Conclusions In late-life depression hippocampal volume was not associated with depression or neuroticism. Our finding that those depressed subjects low in neuroticism had higher white matter vascular change volumes is consistent with prior literature on “vascular depression.” However, our finding that those high in neuroticism had similar white matter vascular change to controls implies that there may be a different neurobiological mechanism in older neurotic depressed group. This notion is supported by our finding that several frontal lobe structures were smaller in patients who scored high in measures of neuroticism than in non-neurodepressed subjects and in non-depressed controls. Our results suggest that multiple biological pathologies that can lead to different clinical expressions of LLD. This research was funded by The Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust National Institute of Mental Health Grant R01 MH108578
Preclinical Gene Therapy Studies for Metabolic Myopathy

The application of adeno-associated virus (AAV) and adenovirus (AdV) gene therapy has become increasingly important as a therapeutic modality since its first application in humans in 1990. However, over the past 20 years, the field has matured, and tangible clinical outcomes have been achieved in a limited number of studies. Establishing proof of concept and overcoming some of the technical challenges and establishing safety are the focus of preclinical studies on gene therapy to date. Gene therapy has been extensively investigated for some metabolic myopathies such as Pompe, but it has just begun for many others. This chapter will evaluate animal models for future research in metabolic myopathies as well as preclinical gene therapy trials for glycogen storage diseases (GSD) I, III, and V, Barth syndrome, Friedreich’s ataxia, and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency . These animal models will provide a great opportunity to test novel forms of gene editing and gene replacement therapies.
Parenting in an Insecure Age: Class, Gender and the Flexible Child

Existing work on job insecurity focuses upon its effects upon workers at work, but a growing field attends to its broader impacts beyond the workplace. Based on in-depth interviews with 80 parents with varying experience of job precariousness, this article seeks to investigate how class and gender shape the impact of job insecurity on childrearing, specifically how parents seek to prepare their children for the future they anticipate. Results document that most parents encourage their children to be "flexible," but the youth’s class and gender shape the meanings and intended uses of this flexibility: advantaged parents want their teenagers to be able to take advantage of opportunities in work and love while the less-advantaged hope their children’s flexibility will be able to protect them from certain disaster in these realms.
Strain and Prescription Drug Misuse in the United States Military

Recent studies have shown that prescription drug misuse occurs with striking regularity among members of the United States military. Yet, few prior studies have sought to examine the underlying mec...
The role of linoleic acid metabolism in the proliferative response of cells overexpressing the erbB-2/HER2 oncogene.

The polypeptide mitogen epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates quiescent cells to initiate DNA synthesis and cell division. Binding of EGF to specific cell surface receptors activates a variety of biochemical pathways. The role of each of these biochemical processes in transducing the mitogenic signal has yet to be clearly delineated. Arachidonic and linoleic acid metabolism have been implicated in modulating cell growth or cell transformation. Increased production of these lipid compounds is associated with many tumor cell types and these products are described as regulating immune function, tumor growth, promotion, and metastasis.
Cadaveric Laboratory Simulation Training of Male Stress Urinary Incontinence Treatment Improves Trainee Knowledge and Confidence

Objective To assess whether a focused, simulation training course can improve trainee surgical knowledge and confidence in the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence. Materials and methods Urology residents participated in a prosthetic education course as part of the 2018 SUPS and SMSNA annual meeting. The course included didactic lectures and a hands-on cadaveric laboratory. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the lab (2 weeks and 6 months) to assess procedural knowledge and confidence. Analysis of lab responses was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test for matched pairs. Results Thirty-two residents (median age 29, range 27-34) participated in the course. The majority were PGY 4 (63%) or PGY 5 (20%). Most participants reported minimal AUS or sling experience with 50% and 94% reporting less than 5 cases respectively. Overall score from the knowledge assessment improved significantly between the pre-lab vs 2-week post-lab (p=0.02) and pre-lab vs 6-month post-lab (p=0.01). Similarly, procedural confidence improved between pre-lab vs 2-week post-lab (p Conclusions Simulation training improves knowledge and confidence in prosthetic surgery for male stress incontinence. In the current climate of reduced exposure and limited availability of prosthetic educators, simulation courses can provide much needed educational value.
Silence is not always golden: Reciprocal peer interviews as a method to engage youth in discussion on violence in Honduras

Interviews and focus groups are seminal core methodologies in the social sciences. However, how does a researcher elicit meaningful information when interviews and focus groups result in silence? T...
Riding the tiger of performance legitimacy? Chinese villagers' satisfaction with state healthcare provision:

Authoritarian regimes often rely on performance legitimacy, but cannot always fulfill policy promises, thereby undermining the regime. In 21st-century China, a reliance on performance legitimacy ma...
Adult Children’s Daily Experiences With Parental Advice: The Importance of Life Problems and Relationship Quality

OBJECTIVES Parents often provide advice to their adult children during their everyday interactions. This study investigated young adult children's daily experiences with parental advice in U.S. families. Specifically, the study examined how receiving advice and evaluations of parental advice were associated with children's life problems, parent-child relationship quality, and daily mood. METHODS Young adult children (aged 18-30 years; participant N = 152) reported whether they received any advice and perceived any unwanted advice from each parent (parent N = 235) for 7 days using a daily diary design (participant-day N = 948). Adult children also reported their positive and negative mood on each interview day. RESULTS Results from multilevel models revealed that adult children who reported a more positive relationship with their parents were more likely to receive advice from the parent, whereas adult children who had a more strained relationship with their parents were more likely to perceive advice from the parent as unwanted. Receiving advice from the mother was associated with increased positive mood, whereas unwanted advice from any parent was associated with increased negative mood. Furthermore, the link between unwanted advice and negative mood varied by children's life problems and parent-child relationship quality. DISCUSSION Indeed, parental advice is not "the more the better," especially when the advice is unsolicited. This study highlights the importance of perceptions of family support for emerging adults' well-being.
Concurrent data structures in the ATLAS offline software

In preparation for Run 3 of the LHC, the ATLAS experiment is modifying its offline software to be fully multithreaded. An important part of this is data structures that can be concurrently accessed from many threads both efficiently and safely. A standard way of achieving this is through mutual exclusion; however, the overhead from this can sometimes be excessive. Fully lockless implementations are known for some data structures; however, they are typically complex, and the overhead they require can sometimes be larger than that required for locking implementations. An interesting compromise is to allow lockless access only for reading but not for writing. This often allows the data structures to be much simpler, while still giving good performance for readmostly access patterns. This proceeding shows some examples of this strategy in data structures used by the ATLAS offline software. It also gives examples of synchronization strategies inspired by read-copy-update, as well as helpers for memoizing values in a multithreaded environment.
Can Investors Detect Managers' Lack of Spontaneity? Adherence to Predetermined Scripts during Earnings Conference Calls

ABSTRACT: This paper examines whether market participants infer negative information about future unexpected firm performance when managers adhere to predetermined scripts when responding to questions during earnings conference calls. I argue that managers respond to questions from prepared scripts to avoid the disclosure of bad news. Using a measure of the adherence to predetermined language, I provide evidence that a lack of spontaneity is negatively associated with the market reaction to the call and with the abnormal returns in the subsequent quarter. I further find that analysts downgrade their forecasts following these calls. I also provide evidence that adherence to predetermined language is negatively associated with future unexpected firm accounting performance, supporting investors' negative response to it. Finally, I find that bid-ask spreads increase and firms are less likely to guide future earnings when managers adhere to the predetermined language of a script, suggesting that firms provide ...
Educators’ personal resilience in the context of disasters triggered by natural hazards: The case of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI)

Abstract Teachers are key agents in fostering community resilience given their role as educators, their influence on children's development, and their emotional support of children exposed to natural hazards-induced psychosocial impacts. Teacher training does not include the skills necessary for fostering adaptive capacity or cultivating personal resilience necessary for maintaining pedagogical practices during and post natural hazards. This paper explores the adaptive strategies teachers employ to develop personal resilience. In-depth interviews are conducted with secondary school teachers, residing in a natural hazards-prone community, namely the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). The findings indicate that reliance on social networks and the espousal of a narrative of recovery were vital adaptive strategies deployed by teachers. Their personal resilience was contingent on engagement with members of their social circles and it was also strengthened by the positive attitudes they espoused. The accounts from participants augment knowledge on the lived experiences of teachers and move beyond transactional views of this group (i.e., essential workers who help youth at point of trauma) to holistic frames of them as social beings with psychosocial needs and with the capacity to contribute to community narratives of empowerment and resilience. Further research on this relatively nascent dimension of disaster research is needed so as to provide further insights that can help inform the creation of mitigation related outreach programs. The current study is specific to the USVI, however the methods deployed can be replicated in the other vulnerable locations to better understand the role of teachers in mitigation efforts.
The Giant Creeper, Campanile symbolicum Iredale, an Australian Relict Marine Snail

During the Early Tertiary, prosobranch gastropods of the family Campanilidae Douville 1904 comprised an extensive group of many large-shelled species that were common in the Tethys Sea. Some species such as Campanile giganteum (Lamarck 1804), the type-species of the genus Campanile, attained a length of 1 m and are among the largest gastropods on record. The family is represented today by a single living species from southwestern Australia, Campanile symbolicum Iredale 1917.
The Prediction Predicament: Rethinking Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections Mortality.

Abstract Background: Our study sought to identify independent risk factors predisposing patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) to mortality from among laboratory values, demographic data, and microbiologic findings in a small population. To this end, a retrospective review was conducted of the medical records of all patients with NSTI who had been treated at our institution from 2003 to 2012 (n=134). Methods: Baseline demographics and comorbidities, clinical and laboratory values, hospital course, and the microbiologic characteristics of surgical incision cultures were recorded. Each variable was tested for association with survival status and all associated variables with p<0.15 were included in a logistic regression model to seek factors associated independently with mortality. Results: Surprisingly, no demographic or pre-existing condition proved to be a predictor of mortality. Two laboratory values had an inverse correlation to mortality: High C-reactive protein (CRP) and highest rec...
Best Value Case Study for Cold Storage Facility in Miami, Florida

A cold storage facility had been reroofed in 2003 (investment of $600,000) that required the removal of existing insulated roof and replaced with a 20 year modified bitumen roof. After six years, the facility posed a safety hazard due to the ice formations inside the cold storage facility. The source of the problem was not known. The traditional process of using a professional designer, a certified contractor, receiving a manufacturer’s warranty, and having the roof inspected by the local government inspector could not assist the owner and the FM resolve the complex problem. The facility manager (FM) decided to utilize a non-traditional Best Value (BV) Performance Information Procurement System (PIPS) to identify and resolve the problem. The main difference of the system is that the best value vendor and not the owner determines the final scope. This paper documents the BV PIPS approach and the resulting performance. An inspection five years later verified the performance of the Best Value approach and showed the value of the installed sprayed polyurethane (SPF) roofing system.
Learning to Make Decisions in Dynamic Environments: ACT-R Plays the Beer Game

Sterman (1989) proposed that decision makers misperceive the feedback provided by dynamically complex environments, and questioned whether people can learn to make effective decisions in such environments. We provide empirical evidence of learning in a well-known dynamic environment called the beer game. We then describe a preliminary version of an instance-based, dynamic decision making model built using the ACT-R cognitive architecture. The model mimics the general patterns of human behavior observed for aggregate performance across trials and local performance within trials. Implications for research on dynamic decision making are summarized.