cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 49: The Effect of Gender, Obesity, and Chronic Kidney Disease on Cardiovascular Events

Background: Obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are well known risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) events. Studies have shown that in patients with end-stage renal disease, the rate of CV events decreases as body mass index (BMI) increases. These studies, however, used only one measurement of BMI to predict CV events. The objective of this study was to assess whether rates of CV events changed according to variations in BMI and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time. Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients followed in outpatient practices from 1995 to 2010 was evaluated. Adult patients with at least 2 records of serum creatinine were included. The practices’ electronic health records (EHRs) were linked to the hospital EHR to assess CV events. GFR (mL/min/1.73m2) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation and stratified according to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines as Normal (≥ 60), CKD stage 3 (30-59) and stage 4-5 (< 30) at each patient’s encounter. Outcomes were identified using ICD9 codes for myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, dysrhythmia, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. The data spanned up to 10 years from a patient’s index to last visit. CV events were modeled as a function of age, gender, race, BMI and CKD status by negative binomial regression for count data. The model included interactions of age, gender, race, BMI and CKD. Results: Over the 10-year period, there were a total of 1,024,891 observations from 39,605 patients with 8,901 CV events. There was a significant age by gender by race by BMI interaction as well as a significant CKD main effect (p < 0.01). Increasing age, being male, black, overweight and having CKD, were associated with higher event rates. However, this association between BMI and event rates was not present for black females over 70, thus the 4-way sex by race by age by BMI interaction (Figure). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that overweight / obesity is not protective of CV events in CKD patients. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Imaging and clinicopathologic characteristics in a contemporary cohort of younger women with newly diagnosed breast cancer

Abstract Background Younger women tend to have dense breasts and early detection of breast cancer in this population remains challenging. Although MRI is more sensitive than mammography, MRI is associated with a greater false positive rate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of MR imaging and clinical characteristics in young women with breast cancer. Methods The Breast Cancer Database at our medical center was queried for all women who had a mammogram and MRI from 2010–2014. Variables included demographics, risk factors, tumor characteristics, mammographic breast density (MBD), background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), and assessment of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) with contiguous MR images. Statistical analyses included Pearson's Chi Square Tests. Results Of 1829 women, 111 (6%) were p p =0.02), stage II–III tumors ( p p =0.006), HER2-positive tumors ( p =0.005) and higher Ki-67 scores ( p =0.02). Younger women had increased MBD ( p p p =0.70). Conclusions Younger women had more palpable lesions and increased MBD and FGT. However, BPE was not significantly different between age groups. This suggests that BPE may not contribute to the increase in false positives associated with MRI in premenopausal women. These results underscore the importance of the clinical breast exam and breast self-awareness in young women who do not undergo routine screening. Microabstract Younger women with breast cancer often present with palpable lesions and more advanced breast disease. Younger women tend to have increased breast density, but there is a dearth of literature on MRI characteristics in this population. Since younger women have increased breast density and are not routinely screened, improved monitoring with clinical breast exams and breast self-awareness may be important.
Two Acyl-Lipid Δ9 Desaturase Genes of the Cyanobacterium, Synechococcus SP. Strain PCC7002

In cyanobacteria, lipid-bound saturated fatty acids are converted to monounsaturated fatty acids by membrane-bound Δ9 desaturases. We have cloned and characterized two Δ9 desaturase genes (desC and desE) from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7002. The structural similarity of these two cyanobacterial Δ9 desaturases, and their gene expression patterns in response to temperature will be described.
Isometric Points of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament

It is increasingly accepted that successful reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament requires selecting an attachment location and method of tensioning that restores normal joint laxity without subjecting the substitute to large forces during flexion-extension motions. This can be accomplished by either “over the top” placement or use of an intra-articular drill hole located to produce minimal stretching of the substitute.
Reduced-Rank and Nonstationary Co-Integrated Models

In this chapter we present some additional topics concerning the modeling of vector time series. These include the examination of models which incorporate special structure in their parameterization, in particular, the nested reduced-rank models, which attempt to cope with the problem of the high dimensionality of the parameters in the vector models. Model specification methods, based on partial canonical correlation analysis, and parameter estimation will be presented for the nested reduced-rank AR models. We also consider estimation and testing issues relating to multivariate nonstationary models that contain unit roots in their AR operator, and the associated concept of cointegration among the components of a nonstationary vector process. Multiplicative seasonal vector ARMA models will be discussed as an additional special topic in this chapter.
Pipelined-Scheduling of Multiple Embedded Applications on a Multi-Processor-SoC

Due to clock and power constraints, it is hard to extract more power out of single core architectures. Thus, multi-core systems are now the architecture of choice to provide the needed computing power. In embedded system, multi-processor system-on-a-chip (MPSoC) is widely used to provide the needed power to effectively run complex embedded applications. However, to effectively utilize an MPSoC system, tools to generate optimized schedules is highly needed. In this paper, we design an integrated approach to task scheduling and memory partitioning of multiple applications utilizing the MPSoC system simultaneously. This is in contrast to the traditional decoupled approach that looks at task scheduling and memory partitioning as two separate problems. Our framework is also based on pipelined scheduling to increase the throughput of the system. Results on different benchmarks show the effectiveness of our techniques.
The reliability and accuracy of estimating heart-rates from RGB video recorded on a consumer grade camera

Video Photoplethysmography (VPPG) is a numerical technique to process standard RGB video data of exposed human skin and extracting the heart-rate (HR) from the skin areas. Being a non-contact technique, VPPG has the potential to provide estimates of subject’s heart-rate, respiratory rate, and even the heart rate variability of human subjects with potential applications ranging from infant monitors, remote healthcare and psychological experiments, particularly given the non-contact and sensor-free nature of the technique. Though several previous studies have reported successful correlations in HR obtained using VPPG algorithms to HR measured using the gold-standard electrocardiograph, others have reported that these correlations are dependent on controlling for duration of the video-data analyzed, subject motion, and ambient lighting. Here, we investigate the ability of two commonly used VPPG-algorithms in extraction of human heart-rates under three different laboratory conditions. We compare the VPPG HR values extracted across these three sets of experiments to the gold-standard values acquired by using an electrocardiogram or a commercially available pulseoximeter. The two VPPG-algorithms were applied with and without KLT-facial feature tracking and detection algorithms from the Computer Vision MATLAB® toolbox. Results indicate that VPPG based numerical approaches have the ability to provide robust estimates of subject HR values and are relatively insensitive to the devices used to record the video data. However, they are highly sensitive to conditions of video acquisition including subject motion, the location, size and averaging techniques applied to regions-of-interest as well as to the number of video frames used for data processing.
Expression, immunogenicity and variation of iron-regulated surface protein A from bovine isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus iron-regulated surface protein A (IsdA) is a fibrinogen and fibronectin adhesin that also contributes to iron sequestration and resistance to innate immunity. IsdA is conserved in human isolates and has been investigated as a human vaccine candidate. Here we report the expression of isdA, the efficacy of anti-IsdA responses and the existence of IsdA sequence variants from bovine Staphylococcus. Clinical staphylococci were obtained from US dairy farms and assayed by PCR for the presence and expression of isdA. isdA-positive species from bovines included S. aureus, S. haemolyticus and S. chromogenes. Immunoassays on bovine milk and serum confirmed the induction and opsonophagocytic activity of anti-IsdA humoral responses. The variable region of isdA was sequenced and protein alignments predicted the presence of two main variants consistent with those from human S. aureus. Mouse antibodies against one IsdA variant reduced staphylococcal binding to fibronectin in vitro in an isotype-dependent manner. Purified IsdA variants bound distinctly to fibronectin and fibrinogen. Our findings demonstrate that variability within the C-terminus of this adhesin affects immune reactivity and binding specificity, but are consistent with the significance of IsdA in bovine disease and relevant for vaccine development.
Cyber-rumor sharing under a homeland security threat in the context of government Internet surveillance: The case of South-North Korea conflict

Cyber-rumors and falsehoods have increasingly become a hindrance to government strategic communication. Especially when there is a national security alert, anti-government rumors can become weapons that thwart government crisis information management. A key element for any government's successful cyber-rumor management is to understand what makes citizens prone to engaging in cyber-rumors. We focus on citizens' cyber-rumoring tendency that arises within the larger context of a nation's governance over the Internet. Specifically, this study examines how citizen's assessment of government Internet surveillance influences their engagement with cyber-rumors during a homeland security threat. Two surveys in South Korea find that citizens' government Internet surveillance concerns increased their cyber-rumor sharing intention, and the effect was particularly significant during the period of homeland security threat. This paper reconsiders the efficacy of government Internet surveillance in mitigating cyber-rumor propagation among general public, and expands the discussions by introducing the logic of ‘distrust effect’ on cyber-rumoring. Cyber-rumor monitoring through government Internet surveillance can be counterproductive to homeland security efforts unless government aligns its surveillance policy with citizens' informational norms on cyberspaces.
The Crisis in Conservation: Istanbul's Gezi Park between Restoration and Resistance

Among the urban revolts that arose in 2010–13, the Gezi Park protests in Turkey present a particular challenge to architectural history and conservation.1 In the case of the Turkish protests, the central issues were control over a symbolically important public urban space, Gezi Park in Istanbul's Taksim Square, and the power to shape architectural heritage and public memory. Two visions of architectural heritage clashed in Taksim: on one hand, the government's proposed “restoration” of a demolished Ottoman building, which would have both reified a neo-Ottoman political identity and served as a glittering shopping mall; and on the other, the desire of a broad coalition of citizens and civic organizations to conserve an urban public park and its five hundred plane trees. When public revulsion against police violence transformed Gezi in June 2013 with massive demonstrations and millions in seventy-nine cities across Turkey joined in protest, the Gezi Resistance evolved from a rejection of the government's authoritarian vision for heritage restoration and urban renovation into a rejection of the governing bloc's cultural hegemony generally. It is worth recounting the crisis in conservation in Istanbul's Taksim Square and the culture wars in the years leading up to the Gezi events, a troubled triangle of public architectural heritage, government plans, and civil resistance. In the aftermath of the Gezi events, and of 15 July 2016, when progovernment citizens took to the streets to thwart a military coup, we are left with sobering questions. What are the limits of public participation in architectural conservation and urban historic preservation? Can a coalition of citizens and civic organizations preserve and sustain public architectural heritage against the will of the government, in defiance of the prerogative of its bureaucracy, and brave the violence visited upon the people by the state's police? What happens when the fate …
Using Economic Evaluation to Illustrate Value of Care for Improving Patient Safety and Quality: Choosing the Right Method.

ABSTRACT To scale and sustain successful quality improvement (QI) interventions, it is recommended for health system leaders to calculate the economic and financial sustainability of the intervention. Many methods of economic evaluation exist, and the type of method depends on the audience: providers, researchers, and hospital executives. This is a primer to introduce cost-effectiveness analysis, budget impact analysis, and return on investment calculation as 3 distinct methods for each stakeholder needing a measurement of the value of QI at the health system level. Using cases for the QI of hospital-acquired condition rates (e.g., pressure injuries), this primer proceeds stepwise through each method beginning from the same starting point of constructing a model so that the repetition of steps is minimized and thereby capturing the attention of all intended audiences.
Association between weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer and survival outcomes.

Obese and overweight women have an increased risk of breast cancer and worse outcomes at the time of diagnosis. Women tend to gain weight after breast cancer diagnosis and during chemotherapy for early-stage disease, which may in turn increase risk for worse outcomes. We examined if weight gained during adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with worse survival outcomes. We queried our database for data on patients who received adjuvant third-generation chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox regression were performed for survival outcomes across three categories according to BMI variation from start to end of chemotherapy: >0.5 kg/m2 loss or gain and stable BMI (±0.5 kg/m2 ). We included 1998 patients in this study. Women over 50 years old and postmenopausal were more likely to lose weight during adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas women under 30 years old gained more weight (P 0.5 kg/m2 compared to maintaining BMI was marginally associated with increased locoregional recurrence risk (HR: 2.53; 95% CI, 1.18-5.45; P = 0.017), adjusting for grade, stage, and radiation delivery. Weight variation during adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer may occur as both weight gain and weight loss in a balanced manner. Furthermore, this variation seems to be transient in nature and does not appear to significantly influence recurrence rates and overall survival.
Reduced intraepithelial corneal nerve density and sensitivity accompany desiccating stress and aging in C57BL/6 mice.

Dry Eye disease causes discomfort and pain in millions of patients. Using a mouse acute desiccating stress (DS) model we show that DS induces a reduction in intraepithelial corneal nerve (ICN) density, corneal sensitivity, and apical extension of the intraepithelial nerve terminals (INTs) that branch from the subbasal nerves (SBNs). Topical application of 0.02% Mitomycin C (MMC) or vehicle alone has no impact on the overall loss of axon density due to acute DS. Chronic dry eye, which develops progressively as C57BL/6 mice age, is accompanied by significant loss of the ICNs and corneal sensitivity between 2 and 24 months of age. QPCR studies show that mRNAs for several proteins that regulate axon growth and extension are reduced in corneal epithelial cells by 24 months of age but those that regulate phagocytosis and autophagy are not altered. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dry eye disease is accompanied by alterations in intraepithelial sensory nerve morphology and function and by reduced expression in corneal epithelial cells of mRNAs encoding genes mediating axon extension. Precis: Acute and chronic mouse models of dry eye disease are used to evaluate the pathologic effects of dry eye on the intraepithelial corneal nerves (ICNs) and corneal epithelial cells. Data show reduced numbers of sensory nerves and alterations in nerve morphology, sensitivity, corneal epithelial cell proliferation, and expression of mRNAs for proteins mediating axon extension accompany the pathology induced by dry eye.
Brooker's merocyanine: Comparison of single crystal structures

Abstract Brooker's merocyanine and its derivatives are well-studied molecules due to their very interesting optical properties. Merocyanine dyes exhibit different colors in solution depending on the solvent's polarity, pH, aggregation and intermolecular interactions. The synthesis of 1-methyl-4-[(oxocyclohexadienylidene)ethylidene]-1,4-dihydropyridine (MOED) dye yielded a particularly interesting solid state structure where in one crystal lattice, MOED and its protonated form are bound by hydrogen bonding interactions.
Sickle cell disease is associated with higher mortality among patients hospitalized with ischemic bowel disease.

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inheritable hematologic disorder in the USA and is associated with ischemic organ diseases. SCD-associated ischemic bowel disease is increasing being recognized, and studies on the hospitalization outcomes of such patients are limited. Objective This study aimed to compare the inpatient outcomes of ischemic bowel disease among patients with SCD compared with patients without SCD. Materials and methods This is a case-control study using data from the National Inpatient Sample Database (2007-2014). We analyzed and compared outcomes between cases (ischemic bowel disease with SCD) and controls (ischemic bowel disease without SCD), matched in a 1 : 5 ratio. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcomes were healthcare resource utilization including mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, transfusion, length of stay, and hospital charges. Results Of the 194 262 patients admitted with ischemic bowel disease, 98 had a diagnosis of SCD and were matched successfully to the controls. In multivariate analysis, patients with SCD had twice the mortality odds of those without (adjusted odds ratio=2.06, 95% confidence intervals: 1.13-3.74). They were more likely to require mechanical ventilation and blood transfusion, and to be discharged to secondary health facilities [1.68 (1.02-2.76), 3.32 (2.15-5.12), and 1.84 (1.02-3.35)]. Patients with SCD also had a higher frequency of pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, and hemodialysis for acute renal failure. There was no significant difference in the length of stay or the total hospital charge between the two groups. Conclusion In patients hospitalized with ischemic bowel disease, SCD is associated with significantly increased mortality and healthcare burden.
Theory of Electron Transfer Reactions and Comparison with Experiments

In these lectures, reaction rate theory and the theory of electron transfer (ET) reactions are outlined. The topics discussed include the relation of the potential energy surfaces to free energy curves for ET reactions, classical ET theory for reactions in solution and at interfaces, quantum corrections, the inverted effect, relation to charge transfer spectra. the cross-relation, adiabatic and nonadiabatic ET reactions, electronic matrix elements, relation to other transfer reactions, predictions of and comparison with experiments, and miscellaneous questions.
Not Gone and Not Forgotten: A Spouse's Experience of Late-Stage Alzheimer's Disease

1. Late-stage caregiving is different from earlier stages, is difficult, and requires an empathic response from staff. 2. Ethical decision-making, supportive care, and the inevitability of death are important late-stage caregiver topics. Staff should understand the concept of palliative care. 3. Current educational programs and family support groups should be assessed for attention to late-stage caregiver issues. Further research is needed on helping families prepare for and cope with late stage caregiving.
Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Machining Parameters on Chip Geometry for Enhanced Cleanability

When a part is manufactured, different processing steps can introduce contaminants to the workpiece. One common form of contamination is the chips produced by machining, which often lodge in the crevices and pathways of the workpiece causing problems for both the accuracy of subsequent machining operations, and the usability of the part. To avoid such problems, it is important to both optimize the type of chip produced so it can be most easily removed from the workpiece, and to minimize the number of chips that remain. By varying process parameters such as feed, speed, depth of cut, and lubrication, some insight is gained as to how these parameters affect chip geometry and size. The results for drilling were mostly inconclusive, while the results for milling provided an important first step towards optimizing the chip form.
Methods for Protein Mutagenesis Using Molecular Biology

The study of protein structure/function has been approached over the past 50 years using tools such as group specific modification of amino acids, affinity labels, substrate analogs, limited proteolysis, synthetic proteins, spin labeled substrates, NMR, and X-ray crystallography. In addition, the study of proteins with similar primary sequences has yielded important information about the determinants of protein structure and catalysis. For example, dehydrogenases, kinases, globins, and serine proteases fall into this category. Molecular biology has added a new dimension to the study of proteins by providing a means to synthesize and express a protein with any amino acid sequence desired. Proteins with primary sequences differing by only a single amino acid at a predetermined position can be easily constructed. Extremely sophisticated questions can now be asked about the role of any amino acid in a protein. In addition, these powerful techniques have spawned a renaissance in the field of crystallography and structure determination. This paper deals with the strategies and methods used to create and express proteins with altered amino sequences.
A Survey of Hydrodynamic Instabilities

It is not possible to completely survey the field of hydrodynamic instabilities because the field is an open set of examples both historically and topically. People have always seen eddies, foam, ripples, waves, and waterdrops--all the result of instabilities. Therefore, the scope of this review (with a couple of minor exceptions), has been limited to instabilities involving an incompressible fluid of constant properties with at most a small internal density change in a field of gravity. It can be considered that the Boussinesq equations of motion completely specify the dynamics. These read $$\begin{array}{l}\nabla \mathop u\limits_ \sim = 0 \\\partial \mathop u\limits_ \sim /\partial t + (\mathop u\limits_ \sim \nabla )\mathop u\limits_ \sim = - (1/\rho _0 )\nabla p + v\nabla ^2 \mathop u\limits_ \sim + (g)\rho /\rho _0 \\\end{array}$$ where u is velocity vector, p is pressure, pO is (constant) density, p is a small deviation from this constant density, V is dynamic viscosity, and g is the gravity vector.
Sign of the Crimes

Most detective fiction organizes itself around the incidence of one or more murders and the subsequent process of identifying the perpetrator of the crime. The investigation of murder also involves both law and medicine. It is reasonable therefore to expect the incorporation of medico-legal discourses within the literary discourse of detective fiction. This genre became recognizable as such during the latter part of the nineteenth century, while the development of modern clinical and latter part of the nineteenth century, while the development of modern clinical and forensic medicines from the late eighteenth century onwards corresponds to its emergence at this particular time. Following the early work of Foucault in asserting the catalytic interaction of contemporary discourses, one may argue that detective fiction, forensic medicine, and modern clinical practice draw in their own ways on related semiotic systems based on the interpretation of clues and depending upon principles of close observation.
Parallelism is not only for processors in computer science

Certain fundamental concepts and principles of Computer Science are necessary and common to several introductory and advanced courses. The placement and content of these concepts in the curriculum for a quarter based Programming First Approach is presented and discussed. The approach used is to include the concepts and principles of binary numbers and data representation, including two's complement; Boolean Algebra and logic gates; algorithm design, representation, and basic analysis; among other fundamental topics; in course that is separate from the introductory programming courses and teaching it in parallel with the other courses.
In a small retrospective cohort of patients with syndesmotic injury, only athletes benefited from placement of a suture button device: a pilot study

Objectives Injuries to the ankle are common, with a significant number of ligamentous injuries involving the syndesmosis. In syndesmotic injuries severe enough to require surgical fixation, the two leading techniques are rigid screw and suture button fixation. The literature has shown that both techniques are effective, but there remains debate on the optimum method of treatment. The goal of this study was to evaluate patient-reported outcomes for these repair methods in a population of athletes. Methods This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who had undergone rigid screw or suture button fixation for an injury to the ankle syndesmosis. Specifically, a subpopulation of athletes was examined as it was hypothesised that these high-demand patients would have higher patient-reported outcomes with ongoing suture button fixation. Study participants were identified through a search of the medical record and were recruited through mailed letters and phone calls. Participants completed patient-reported outcome questionnaires including the Activities of Daily Living and Sports Subscales of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) survey, FAAM Sports Subscale survey, Veteran's Rand 12-item Health Survey (VR-12) and a customised athletic activity questionnaire. These patient-reported outcomes were compared between those who underwent screw fixation and those who underwent suture button fixation. Results 32 patients completed the study, with 17 of these designated as ‘athletes' competing in strenuous sports activities that involve jumping, cutting and hard pivoting including football, soccer, basketball, volleyball and gymnastics at the high school level or above. Patients were on average 3.9 years post op (SD 2.2). With the numbers available, no difference in outcomes between patients with rigid screw or suture button fixation was observed in the study as a whole. In a subpopulation of athletes, patients who received suture button fixation had higher FAAM scores compared with those treated with rigid screw fixation (p=0.02). Still, in the subpopulation of athletes, no statistical difference was observed with the available numbers for the other patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion This pilot study of outcomes in an athletic population suggests that athletic patients may benefit from suture button fixation and lays the groundwork for future work examining the use of suture button fixation in high-demand patients. Level of evidence Level III—Retrospective Comparative Study.
Stabilizing Sets for Linear Time-Invariant Discrete-Time Plants

In this chapter, we consider the synthesis and design of digital PID controllers which can provide tracking and disturbance rejection of constant reference and disturbance discrete-time signals. We develop procedures and algorithms to determine the set of PID controllers that stabilize a given linear time-invariant discrete-time plant. This algorithm determines the three parameter stabilizing set via a linear programming problem in two variables with a single sweeping parameter.
Real supermodels wear wool: summarizing the impact of the pregnant sheep as an animal model for adaptive fetal programming.

National Institute of General Medical Sciences [1P20GM104320]; Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [1011126, 1011055, 1009410]; NIH (NIGMS) COBRE IDeA award [NIH 1P20GM104320]
Sexual Selection and Speciation

Sexual selection favors traits that give the bearer an advantage in attracting high-quality mates or competing for them. Such traits can contribute to prezygotic isolation between populations, which is thought to usually be the first step toward speciation. Recent theoretical and empirical research suggests that the prospects for speciation are enhanced when sexual selection operates in conjunction with other evolutionary processes, such as niche divergence and reinforcement. Case studies at the genus level have yielded the most compelling evidence for causal links between sexual selection and speciation. Future research priorities are discussed in this article.
An Integrated Workflow for Global, Glyco-, and Phospho-proteomic Analysis of Tumor Tissues

Recently, the rapid development and application of mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies have markedly improved the comprehensive proteomic characterization of global proteome and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, the current conventional approach for global proteomic analysis is often carried out separately from PTM analysis. In our study, we developed an integrated workflow for multiplex analysis of global, glyco-, and phospho-proteomics using breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor samples. Our approach included the following steps: trypsin-digested tumor samples were enriched for phosphopeptides through immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), followed by enrichment of glycopeptides through mixed anion exchange (MAX) method, and then the flow-through peptides were analyzed for global proteomics. Our workflow demonstrated an increased identification of peptides and associated proteins in global proteome, as compared to those using the peptides without PTM depletion. In addition to global proteome, the workflow identified phosphopeptides and glycopeptides from the PTM enrichment. We also found a subset of glycans with unique distribution profiles in the IMAC flow-through, as compared to those enriched directly using the MAX method. Our integrated workflow provided an effective platform for simultaneous global proteomic and PTM analysis of biospecimens.
Coparenting across the Deployment Cycle: Observations from Military Families with Young Children:

Contemporary service members and their partners have adapted their coparenting to respond to the specific transitions and disruptions associated with wartime deployment cycles and evolving child de...
Exploring the effects of perceived character and cued typicality in health narratives

Communication scholars have conducted a significant amount of research to explore the conditions under which exposure to narrative messages affects individuals’ attitudes and behaviors. Perceived c...
Convergence of Eigenvector Continuation

Eigenvector continuation is a computational method that finds the extremal eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hamiltonian matrix with one or more control parameters. It does this by projection onto a subspace of eigenvectors corresponding to selected training values of the control parameters. The method has proven to be very efficient and accurate for interpolating and extrapolating eigenvectors. However, almost nothing is known about how the method converges, and its rapid convergence properties have remained mysterious. In this Letter, we present the first study of the convergence of eigenvector continuation. In order to perform the mathematical analysis, we introduce a new variant of eigenvector continuation that we call vector continuation. We first prove that eigenvector continuation and vector continuation have identical convergence properties and then analyze the convergence of vector continuation. Our analysis shows that, in general, eigenvector continuation converges more rapidly than perturbation theory. The faster convergence is achieved by eliminating a phenomenon that we call differential folding, the interference between nonorthogonal vectors appearing at different orders in perturbation theory. From our analysis we can predict how eigenvector continuation converges both inside and outside the radius of convergence of perturbation theory. While eigenvector continuation is a nonperturbative method, we show that its rate of convergence can be deduced from power series expansions of the eigenvectors. Our results also yield new insights into the nature of divergences in perturbation theory.
3 – The Processor

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the major units and electronic components of a computer and their roles. The chapter discusses how data is organized and processed inside the computer. Digital computers perform calculations by counting numbers precisely. Computers perform only simple operations but with great speed and accuracy. Basic components of a computer are: (1) CPU that has three logical units—arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), main storage or storage unit, and control unit, (2) input unit, and (3) output unit. ALU performs arithmetic operations and makes logical decisions. The control unit coordinates the operations of the ALU and main storage. Computer circuits are built from three fundamental circuit components—AND, OR, and NOT; these can be combined to form more complex circuits. Half-adder, one of the most common circuits in today's computers, adds two binary digits and produces a sum. Half-adders may be combined to add two binary numbers each consisting of several digits.
A Digital Non-Foster VHF Radio Approach for Enabling Low-Power Internet of Things

A digital non-Foster radio approach is proposed to mitigate Wheeler-Chu limits of electrically-small antennas, with significant potential to significantly reduce energy consumption in the VHF (very high frequency) band, where radio propagation losses below 200 MHz are 100 times less than losses above 2 GHz. Operation at lower frequency could greatly extend lifetimes of small low-power Internet-of-Things devices such as battery-powered sensors operating primarily as transmitters. Unfortunately, physical size constraints and the Wheeler-Chu limit have greatly hindered utilization of VHF bands for mobile devices, where even a 200 MHz half-wave dipole is an unwieldy 0.75 m. However, recent advances in non-Foster impedance matching methods have overcome these limits. In addition, recent digital non-Foster methods are shown to closely resemble digital radio architectures, suggesting that these newer digital non-Foster methods can be readily adopted in new digital radio designs. Therefore, a novel digital non-Foster radio architecture is proposed, where digital non-Foster methods enable small devices in energy-efficient VHF bands while overcoming Wheeler-Chu antenna-size limits.
Risk Stratification for Office-Based Anesthesia

Appropriate and astute patient selection for office-based sedation and general anesthesia is critical to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Risk stratification enables the anesthesia provider to identify patient-specific concerns that will alter the type of anesthesia and/or the setting where the anesthesia is provided. Furthermore, the choice of anesthesia drugs and the doses administered should be based on many factors including the risk of anesthesia-related complications. The American Society of Anesthesiologists class, functional status, and Mallampati classification are crucial to help risk stratify patients. A thorough evaluation of the cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal systems is equally important. Extremes of age also present additional risk that must be considered before deciding on any plan for providing anesthesia.
Imaging-compatible oral retractor system for use in image-guided transoral robotic surgery

Currently-available metallic retractors typically used in transoral robotic surgery (TORS) cause significant artifacts in CT imaging and cannot be safely used in MRI. The lack of imaging-compatible oral retractors poses a significant challenge to enabling intraoperative imaging in TORS. This work introduces a customizable compact 3D-printed polymer retractor system that enables multiple modes of adjustability, artifact-free CT and MR images, and adequate surgical exposure. The polymer retractor design was modeled after the traditional metal FK and Crowe-Davis retractors and can be used with an acrylic suspension system that rests over the patient’s chest. Finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance in relevant clinical loading conditions. Cadaver experiments followed by endoscopic, CT, and MR imaging were performed to demonstrate functionality. Artifact-free CT and MR images were obtained. An interincisive distance of 42.50 mm and 200.09 cm3 working volume were achieved, which allow the introduction of robotic arms and necessary instruments in TORS. This polymer retractor system makes it possible to acquire intraoperative images and establishes a critical step to make image-guided TORS both feasible and effective.
Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire and AD8 Questionnaire for Screening Late-Life Depression in Communities.

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents with emotional and somatic symptoms and sometimes subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs). This study developed a collaborative method to integrate SCC assessment for evaluating late-life MDD. Methods Residents aged >50 years in the Community Medicine Research Center of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan during 2017-2018 were prospectively recruited in this study. The participants were asked to report their depressive tendency and SCCs using the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ) and the AD8, respectively, and were administered psychiatric evaluation through the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The participants were divided into elderly (age≥65 years) and older adult (age 50-65) groups. The MDD predictive powers were assessed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results Of the 118 enrolled participants (mean age: 64.81±4.99, female-to-male ratio: 1.62), 9, 21, and 88 were categorized as those with current MDD, past MDD, and non-MDD on the basis of the MINI results, respectively. After adjustments for age, sex, and sleep quality, the TDQ score (odds ratio: 1.152, p=0.003) and AD8 score (odds ratio: 1.710, p=0.020) were used individually to predict current MDD. Overall, the TDQ individually predicted current MDD well with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.835 (p=0.001). However, in the elderly group (N=63), the TDQ score did not identify current MDD well (AUC: 0.780, p=0.063). After co-considering SCCs, the linear combination of the sum of the TDQ score and four folds of the AD8 score could effectively distinguished elderly people with current MDD from those without it (AUC: 0.875, p=0.013)-with the cutoff of the aforementioned combined score being ≥32. Conclusion The self-reported response to the TDQ is a feasible approach of identifying MDD in community-dwelling people. Combining TDQ and AD8 scores further improved depression detection in elderly people.
Children in Boxing and Martial Arts Should Be Better Guarded From Facial Injuries

Study Design:Cross-sectional studyObjective:Childhood participation in boxing and martial arts has increased over the past decade, and these activities are well-known causes of traumatic injury. We...
Nuances of oblique lumbar interbody fusion at L5-S1: Three case reports

Background Oblique lumbar interbody fusion is a mini-open retroperitoneal approach that uses a wide corridor between the left psoas muscle and the aorta above L5. This approach avoids the limitations of lateral lumbar interbody fusion, is considered less invasive than anterior lumbar interbody fusion, and is similarly effective for indirect decompression and improving lordosis while maintaining a low complication profile. Including L5-S1, when required, adds to these advantages, as this allows single-position surgery. However, variations in vascular anatomy can affect the ease of access to the L5-S1 disc. The nuances of three different oblique anterolateral techniques to access L5-S1 for interbody fusion, namely, left-sided intra-bifurcation, left-sided pre-psoas, and right-sided pre-psoas approaches, are illustrated using three representative case studies. Case summary Cases of three patients who underwent multilevel oblique lumbar interbody fusion including L5-S1, using one of the three different techniques, are described. All patients presented with symptomatic degenerative lumbar pathology and failed conservative management prior to surgery. The anatomical considerations that affected the decisions to utilize each approach are discussed. The pros and cons of each approach are also discussed. A parasagittal facet line objectively assesses the relationship between the left common iliac vein and the L5-S1 disc and assists in choosing the approach to L5-S1. Conclusion Oblique retroperitoneal access to L5-S1 in the lateral decubitus position is possible through three different approaches. The choice of approach to L5-S1 may be individualized based on a patient's vascular anatomy using preoperative imaging. While most surgeons will rely on their experience and comfort level in choosing the approach, this article elucidates the nuances of each technique.
911 4 COVID-19: Analyzing Impact of COVID-19 on 911 Call Behavior

This paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on 911 Call behavior to help first responders develop effective solutions to emergent situations proactively. Correct prediction of call volume and call type helps first responders optimize resource allocation. We used time series regression to explore the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases, weather, and stay-at-home orders using 911 Call records in New Hanover County, North Carolina, USA. We divided 911 calls into six categories: breathing, domestic violence, injury, psychiatric, traffic, and violence-related calls. We observed a positive correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of 911 calls in all categories except domestic violence. We also developed a Bayesian regression prediction model to forecast the number of 911 calls given the number of COVID-19 cases. Our model excelled regarding domestic violence and total calls, and achieved satisfactory results for traffic and violence calls. To our knowledge, there is no prior relevant work, so we were unable to compare our results with other models.
Theory of Spatial Statistics

Classical statistics is based upon sampling theory. This theory involves articulations of the concepts of statistical population, sample, sample space and probability. Meanwhile, spatial statistics is concerned with the application of sampling theory to geographic situations. It involves a translation of these four notions into a geographic context. The primary objective of this paper is to discuss these translations.
Time in Formal Protocol Specifications

The need for formal, machine-readable specification of the protocols used in distributed computer systems is widely accepted. In these formal protocol specifications relatively little attention has been paid to the problem of including time — the time it takes to execute various portions of the protocol as well as explicit values for timeouts. In this tutorial, models for including time are reviewed. Techniques for analyzing these models are then discussed. A comprehensive bibliography is included.
Assessing the Role of Parameter and Input Uncertainty in Ecohydrologic Modeling: Implications for a Semi-arid and Urbanizing Coastal California Catchment

Ecohydrologic models are a key tool in understanding plant–water interactions and their vulnerability to environmental change. Although implications of uncertainty in these models are often assessed within a strictly hydrologic context (for example, runoff modeling), the implications of uncertainty for estimation of vegetation water use are less frequently considered. We assess the influence of commonly used model parameters and inputs on predictions of catchment-scale evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff. By clarifying the implications of uncertainty, we identify strategies for insuring that the quality of data used to drive models is considered in interpretation of model predictions. Our assessment also provides insight into unique features of semi-arid, urbanizing watersheds that shape ET patterns. We consider four sources of uncertainty: soil parameters, irrigation inputs, and spatial extrapolation of both point precipitation and air temperature for an urbanizing, semi-arid coastal catchment in Santa Barbara, CA. Our results highlight a seasonal transition from soil parameters to irrigation inputs as key controls on ET. Both ET and runoff show substantial sensitivity to uncertainty in soil parameters, even after parameters have been calibrated against observed streamflow. Sensitivity to uncertainty in precipitation manifested primarily in winter runoff predictions, whereas sensitivity to irrigation manifested exclusively in modeled summer ET. Neither ET nor runoff was highly sensitive to uncertainty in spatial interpolation of temperature. Results argue that efforts to improve ecohydrologic modeling of vegetation water use and associated water-limited ecological processes in these semi-arid regions should focus on improving estimates of anthropogenic outdoor water use and explicit accounting of soil parameter uncertainty.
Influence of hue, value, and chroma on the perceived heaviness of colors

In addition to its information content, color iz known to have certain affective qualities. We have investigated the assertion that colors have different apparent weights using a magnitude estimation technique. We find that the apparent heaviness of colors is an increasing function of ehroma or saturation and a decreasing function of value or lightness. Hue has little influence on the apparent weight of color.