cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in reinstatement of cocaine-seeking with combination treatments of progesterone and atomoxetine

Two repurposed medications have been proposed to treat cocaine abuse. Progesterone, a gonadal hormone, and atomoxetine, a medication commonly used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, have both been separately shown to reduce cocaine self-administration and reinstatement (i.e., relapse). The goal of the present study was to examine sex differences in the individual effects of PRO and ATO as well as the combination PRO+ATO treatment on cocaine (COC), caffeine (CAF), and/or cue-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. Adult male and female Wistar rats lever-pressed under a FR 1 schedule for cocaine infusions (0.4mg/kg/inf). After 14 sessions of stable responding in daily 2-h sessions, rats underwent a 21-day extinction period when no drug or drug-related stimuli were present. Rats were then separated into four groups that received PRO (0.5mg/kg) alone (PRO+SAL), ATO (1.5mg/kg) alone (VEH+ATO), control (VEH+SAL) or combination (PRO+ATO) treatments prior to the reinstatement condition. Reinstatement of cocaine-seeking to cues and/or drug injections of cocaine or caffeine was tested after extinction. During maintenance, females self-administered more cocaine than males, but no sex differences were seen during extinction. Females showed greater cocaine-seeking than males after a CAF priming injection. Individual treatment with ATO did not decrease reinstatement under any priming condition; however, the combination treatment decreased cocaine-seeking under the COC+CUES priming condition in males, and both PRO alone and the combination treatment decreased cocaine-seeking in the CAF+CUES condition in females. Overall, PRO alone was only effective in reducing reinstatement in females, while the combination treatment was consistently effective in reducing reinstatement in both sexes.
Evidence for head raising in Kiswahili relative clauses

The author presents evidence from Kiswahili supporting a head-raising analysis recently proposed in Kayne (1994) and Bianchi (1999), in which the relative clause is generated as a complement of the determiner. Three kinds of evidence are presented: (1) selectional relations between demonstratives and some relative clauses; (2) quantified noun phrase-pronoun binding, in which the bound pronoun appears inside the head of the relative clause while its binder is located in the relative clause; and (3) relativization of objects comprising part of idiomatic expressions. The evidence supports both the head-raising hypothesis and the determiner complementation hypothesis.
Optical Anisotropy Studies of Sapphire by Raman Scattering and Spectroscopic Transmission Ellipsometry

Optical anisotropy of sapphire have been studied by both polarized Raman scattering and transmission variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (TVASE). The polarized Raman effect was measured on both c-plane (0001) and a-plane (2 1 1 0) sapphire substrates. Two TO phonons (379 and 431 cm −l ) and four LO phonons (418, 450, 577, and 750 cm −1 ) were observed when the optical axis is perpendicular to the polarization of the incident laser beam (for both c-plane and a-plane). While only two TO phonons (379 and 431cm −1 ) and two LO phonons (418 and 645 cm −1 ) can be seen when the optical axis is parallel to the polarization for an a-plane sapphire. The optical axis of the a-plane sapphire can then be quickly determined by either maximizing or minimizing the 645 LO peak intensity with about ±10° error. TVASE measurements were carried out in the energy range of 0.75eV to 5.8eV at room temperature. Sizable off-diagonal Jones matrix elements A pst , and A spt can be detected even with the optical axis 1° off the X-axis. This indicates that TVASE has a high sensitivity to optical anisotropy. By minimizing these off-diagonal elements and combining the Raman analysis, the optical axis orientation of an a-plane or m-plane (01 1 0) sapphire can therefore be fully determined with an error of less than 1°.
Investigating Model Uncertainty in the Nonlinear Aeroelastic Response of Thin Panels

Structural response of hypersonic aircraft panels is a multi-disciplinary problem, where the nonlinear structural dynamics, aerodynamics, and heat transfer models are coupled. Computing these fluid-thermal-structural interactions is complex and prohibitively expensive when high fidelity models are used (i.e., CFD and FEA). To reduce the computational cost, the aeroelastic components of the coupled problem can be obtained with reduced order models. However, model uncertainty from solution approximation and model-form errors is introduced in the solution. In this work, the model-form error in the aerodynamic pressure prediction from piston theory is introduced through the local slope, an input variable of the model. This is in contrast to other common approaches where the model-form error is added as a separate discrepancy term. The model-form error proposed here is a surrogate that incorporates the effects of boundary layer thickness and is trained using CFD data. The sample space used for the construction of the error model is selected using information from the expected structural deformations, represented in terms of the mode shapes of the structure. This approach led to significant error reductions between piston theory and CFD results as seen in a verification study performed under steady and unsteady flow conditions. The effect of data uncertainty and model uncertainty in the limit-cycle oscillations of a thin panel subjected to hypersonic flow is investigated.
Clinical characteristics of 10 familial clustering cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with T188K mutation in China

Objective To analyze the characteristics of 10familial cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD) in China and study the mutations in the prion protein gene(PRNP).Methods CJD patents were recruited from the CJD surveillance network of China since 2006.Final diagnosis was based on the WHO-recommended criteria.Familial clustering was confirmed by the familial disease history of this disease and PRNPgene sequencing was done for these cases.Results A total of 10CJD cases were identified as familial clustering cases with T188K mutation in their PRNP gene.The median age of these 10cases at onset was 58.8(40-76) years old.The foremost symptoms were various,including rapid progressive dementia,mental symptoms,cerebellar ataxia and movement disturbances.The main symptoms of these familial CJD cases were similar to that of sporadic CJD patients especially that rapid progressive dementia was found in all cases.The median duration of the disease was 4.5months.Typical electroencephalogram(EEG) changes was noticed in only one case;6 patients showed strong signals in caudate / putamen with the Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) brain scan.14-3-3protein in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) was detected positive in 8out of 10tested patients.Clear family history was investigated in only 2patients.Conclusions Familial CJD patients with T188K mutation of the PRNPgene demonstrated similar clinical characteristics as that of sporadic CJD.The T188K mutation of the PRNPgene is more common in Chinese CJD patients.
Clinical interventional approaches to patients with diffuse coronary artery disease.

Despite the advances that have occurred in coronary revascularization, there is a growing population of patients who are not candidates for either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or conventional percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This population is heterogeneous and includes patients with diffuse coronary disease, comorbid conditions or multiple previous bypass operations resulting in no remaining suitable conduits. The majority of such patients present with severe angina despite maximum medical therapy. Additional management by revascularization is difficult because of diffuse disease not approachable by either CABG or PCI. The goal of therapy in such patients is to improve their quality of life and, if possible, to prolong it. The purpose of this article is to review the current status of novel techniques that are being developed to deal with this frustrating group of patients. Specifically, transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) is examined. Transmyocardial revascularization. T r a n s m y o c a rdial revascularization is a therapeutic strategy designed to enhance myocardial perfusion by creating channels with laser energy directly in the ischemic myocardiu m . 1 – 5 Clinical studies have reported angina relief in many of these patients, making this technique potentially promising. 6 – 8
Strategic social marketing to foster gender equality in Indonesia

ABSTRACTGender equality is still facing many challenges in Indonesia; this also includes a prominent problem of gender-based violence. Social marketing approach has been used to promote gender-equality programmes tackling gender-based violence. MenCare+ is one of the examples of programmes in Indonesia that engage men with multicomponent, strategic, involves campaigns, education, training and policy advocacy with a number of objectives including improving access to services, increasing sexual and reproductive rights, and fostering gender equality. Some achievement has been made such as MoU with local government to promote male involvement in the use of contraception. However, gender-equality movement is still needed in order to change the mind set and paradigm towards gender equality, and social marketing can become a powerful tool to do it.Abbreviations: MoU: memorandum of understanding; NGO: non-government organization
Intraoperative fluoroscopic assessment of proper prosthetic radial head height.

Background Selecting a properly sized radial head prosthesis is imperative during radial head replacement. Although there has been much emphasis on avoiding overlengthening of the radius, little has been studied about how to avoid shortening. The purpose of this study was to characterize how a radial head replacement appears on intraoperative fluoroscopy depending on the height of the prosthetic radial head. Methods Articular cartilage thickness of the radial head was measured in 9 cadaveric elbows. Radial head replacement was performed in each specimen with 4 different prosthetic head heights: 4 mm and 2 mm shortening, anatomic, and 2 mm overlengthening. Anteroposterior fluoroscopic images were obtained for each head height, and the prosthetic radial head height was measured at 3 forearm positions (supination, neutral, and pronation) using the subchondral bone of the lateral edge of the coronoid at the reference point. Results The mean cartilage thickness of the radial head was 1.3 ± 0.4 mm. The prosthetic radial head appeared 2.2 ± 0.4 mm more proximal than the subchondral bone of the coronoid lateral edge in anteroposterior radiographs when the articular surface of the prosthesis was completely even with the coronoid articular surface. Unlike the native radial head, a prosthetic radial head showed a significant change of height with different forearm rotation ( P Discussion This study found that a perfectly anatomic radial head replacement appears overlengthened by approximately 2 mm in intraoperative radiographs. This finding can be useful in guiding the appropriate height of a prosthetic radial head.
SU‐F‐J‐219: Predicting Ventilation Change Due to Radiation Therapy: Dependency On Pre‐RT Ventilation and Effort Correction

Purpose: Ventilation change caused by radiation therapy (RT) can be predicted using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and image registration. This study tested the dependency of predicted post-RT ventilation on effort correction and pre-RT lung function. Methods: Pre-RT and 3 month post-RT 4DCT images were obtained for 13 patients. The 4DCT images were used to create ventilation maps using a deformable image registration based Jacobian expansion calculation. The post-RT ventilation maps were predicted in four different ways using the dose delivered, pre-RT ventilation, and effort correction. The pre-RT ventilation and effort correction were toggled to determine dependency. The four different predicted ventilation maps were compared to the post-RT ventilation map calculated from image registration to establish the best prediction method. Gamma pass rates were used to compare the different maps with the criteria of 2mm distance-to-agreement and 6% ventilation difference. Paired t-tests of gamma pass rates were used to determine significant differences between the maps. Additional gamma pass rates were calculated using only voxels receiving over 20 Gy. Results: The predicted post-RT ventilation maps were in agreement with the actual post-RT maps in the following percentage of voxels averaged over all subjects: 71% with pre-RT ventilation and effort correction, 69% with no pre-RT ventilation and effort correction, 60% with pre-RT ventilation and no effort correction, and 58% with no pre-RT ventilation and no effort correction. When analyzing only voxels receiving over 20 Gy, the gamma pass rates were respectively 74%, 69%, 65%, and 55%. The prediction including both pre- RT ventilation and effort correction was the only prediction with significant improvement over using no prediction (p<0.02). Conclusion: Post-RT ventilation is best predicted using both pre-RT ventilation and effort correction. This is the only prediction that provided a significant improvement on agreement. Research support from NIH grants CA166119 and CA166703, a gift from Roger Koch, and a Pilot Grant from University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
TU-H-CAMPUS-TeP1-01: Variable-Beam Fractionation for SAbR

Purpose: In current conventionally-fractionated as well as hypofractionated 3D conformal radiotherapy (CRT), the same beam arrangement is employed from fraction to fraction. We challenge this notion and postulate that by varying the beam arrangement between fractions we can achieve greater sparing of organs at risk (OARs) while maintaining PTV coverage. We use an inverse planning strategy using a swarm intelligence-based global optimization algorithm to exploit the additional degree of freedom represented by inter-fractional variation in beam angles. Methods: To evaluate our variable-beam fractionation (VBF) method, a 10-beam ITV-based conformal stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (CRT-SAbR) plan was optimized. In the clinical plan, 54 Gy was delivered to a 41cc lung tumor over 3 fractions. In VBF, each original clinically-assigned beam was multiplied to a bundle of n α-degree-spaced beams, n being number of fractions. Selection of α was a compromise between retaining similar tumor irradiation and separating inline OAR sub-regions. We optimized the beam fluence weights setting an upper limit for beam delivery duration (and implicitly, monitor units) along with clinical organ-based dose-volume constraints. Zero weights were allowed so that the optimization algorithm could remove unnecessary beams. All fractions in final plan had to deliver identical monitor units (MU) while satisfying a soft constraint on having no more than one beam from every n-beam bundle in each fraction. α was 10 degrees and the dose rate was 600 MU/min. Results: The VBF plan achieved significantly superior OAR sparing compared to the clinical internal target volume (ITV)-based plan. Setting maximum beam delivery duration to 13 seconds (well within breath-hold range), Esophagus Dmax, Heart Dmax, Spinal cord Dmax and Lung V13 were improved by 25%, 81%, 0% and 27%, respectively. Conclusion: We investigated a simple approach to inter-fractional VBF planning and demonstrated its potential in reducing dose to OARs. This work was partially supported through research funding from National Institutes of Health (R01CA169102) and Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Understanding beauty and the approach to body dysmorphic disorder

T lecture discusses the historical importance of beauty and offers an overview of the objective and subjective aspects of beauty to segue into a discussion of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The lecture will begin with an analysis of what the human eye finds aesthetically pleasing including symmetry, averageness, sexual dimorphism, skin homogeneity, and proportions. Also to be discussed are how these biologic perceptions can be reshaped through individual, cultural, and historical influences. The course will then focus on disorders of self perception, BDD, including a discussion of the history, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis including use of questionnaires, and implications for treating physicians. The lecture will conclude by providing an algorithmic approach to persons with suspected BDD and treatment options. BDD occurs in 1-2% of the general population and 6-15% of dermatology and cosmetic surgery patients. In a BDD cohort, 50% sought treatment from a dermatologist and 33% requested cosmetic surgery. These patients are often unhappy with results with over 90% reporting symptoms unchanged or worsened after cosmetic procedures. This disorder is under recognized and should be approached with both sympathy and empathy given the high rate of suicidal ideation in these patients. Recognition and appropriate referral key to management.
Platinum-Catalyzed Double Acylation of 2-(Aryloxy)pyridines via Direct C–H Activation

A unique, platinum-catalyzed, direct C–H acylation of 2-(aryloxy)pyridines with acyl chlorides is discovered. The reaction requires neither an oxidant nor other additives. When both ortho positions of the aryl group are accessible, the double acylation occurs readily to produce the diacylated products. Aliphatic, aromatic, and α,β-unsaturated acyl groups can all be introduced. The acylation reaction may proceed through an analogous aromatic electrophilic substitution triggered by the nucleophilic attack of the platinum at the acyl chloride.
Novel Endoscopic Antireflux Procedures: Do They Have a Role in Patients with Hiatus Hernia?

Endoscopic anti-reflux therapy (EART) is a relatively novel concept in the management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) that intends to address three key issues: First, the need to treat refractory GERD, that is, to eliminate symptoms that are not completely controlled by proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use; second to eliminate long-term PPI use in those patients who, although well-controlled pharmacologically, are concerned about drug-related adverse events; and third to minimize the need for laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS) and its peri-operative and long-term sequelae [1]. Over the past 15 years, these clinical issues have become increasingly prevalent and clinically significant, thereby expanding the potential applicability and clinical value of EART. It has also become clear that not all patients with GERD are suitable candidates for such an option and that a careful, objective evaluation is needed in order to phenotypically characterize the disease and tailor therapy, aiming at producing the best long-term efficacy and safety.
Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Men’s Reproductive and Sexual Health

Abstract Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices designed to imitate conventional cigarettes and to deliver nicotine via inhalation without the toxicants of regular tobacco. The rationale of e-cigarettes invention is to reduce the toxicity associated with conventional cigarettes. However, few toxicity studies have been performed to evaluate the chemical nature of vapor generated from e-cigarettes and its impact on human health. Since their emergence in 2004, e-cigarettes have become widely available, and their use has increased exponentially worldwide. Calls to poison control centers about e-cigarette toxicity have been attributed to e-cigarettes. In May 2016, the Food and Drug Administration approved new regulations to prohibit minors from purchasing e-cigarettes in person or online. The benefits and risks of e-cigarette use are a subject of discussion among health organizations and researchers. This chapter explores the reproductive toxicity of formaldehyde, one of the major components of the vapor of e-cigarettes.
New Measurements of Hyperon Magnetic and Electric Dipole Moments

Measurements of the magnetic moments of the Λ, Ξ°, Ξ-, Σ+, and Σ-hyperons have been made or are under analysis by the neutral/charged hyperon beam group at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Results to date give μΛ = -.6138±.0047 n.m., μΞ° = -1.253±.014 n.m., and μΞ- = -.75±.06 n.m.. The electric dipole moment of the A has also been measured to be dΛ = (-3.0±7.4)×10-17 e-cm.
Metabolic Mobilization Strategies to Enhance the Use of Plant-Based Dietary Antioxidants for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Excessive cellular energy from high-calorie foods and a sedentary lifestyle can result in incomplete reduction of oxygen, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular compartments. Such oxidative stress causes cellular dysfunction by damaging organelles; it therefore has a role in the development of degenerative diseases, including type 2 diabetes and aging. Oxygen malfunction in diabetic patients can lead to multiple disorders, including hepatic insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of toxic substances that eventually accelerate the aging process. Diet plays a significant role and can effectively counter oxidative pressure induced by metabolic breakdown in type 2 diabetic conditions and may help to mitigate aging in the older population. Plant phenolics are secondary metabolites that support cellular homeostasis – either directly, by quenching free radicals, or indirectly, by inducing the endogenous antioxidant enzymatic system in humans (when they are consumed in the diet). Phenolic phytochemicals also influence glucose metabolism through inhibition of important enzymes associated with carbohydrate breakdown and assimilation.
Jump in specific heat in the presence of a spin-density wave at the superconducting transition in iron pnictides

Many experiments reveal that in iron-based superconductors the jump of the specific heat $\ensuremath{\Delta}C$ at the superconducting ${T}_{c}$ is not proportional to ${T}_{c}$, as expected in BCS theory. Rather, $\ensuremath{\Delta}C/{T}_{c}$ varies with ${T}_{c}$, and has a peak near optimal doping and decreases at smaller and larger dopings. We show that this behavior can be naturally explained by the interplay between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism. We demonstrate on general grounds that $\ensuremath{\Delta}C/{T}_{c}$ peaks at the doping where the coexistence phase with antiferromagnetism develops, and decreases at deviations from this doping in both directions. Our results are in quantitative agreement with the experiments.
The Same and Different: Early Theories of Evolution

In the eighteenth century, evolution began to fill the gap left by vegetable souls. The first broadly evolutionary theories reimagined the ladder of nature, turning an eternal movement into a process in history. Thus, early theories were progressive and only roughly mechanical. Locke and Comte blazed a trail with reforms in epistemology, Buffon, Lamarck, and Erasmus Darwin experimented with progressive concepts of evolution. Four key developments set the groundwork for evolution by natural selection: a distinction between bodies and persons, a permissive view of mechanical explanations, a reintegration of vegetable and animal life, and an acceptance that species can change with time. Nutrition and reproduction remained the most important activities for understanding life.
Analyzing wafer leveling data from high-volume manufacturing to identify the sources of inline defectivity

Sampling-limited inline defect inspections may fall short in the timely detection of new defects or small baseline populations, especially when the defects have unique spatial orientations. In such cases, it may be beneficial to also consider fault detection and classification signals from unit process modules. Lithography scanners determine the optimal focus position for a wafer by a process called leveling. This work uses a defect analysis approach to examine focus spot data, a litho tool level signal extracted from wafer leveling, and to isolate the sources of inline defectivity from four consecutive front-end-of-line litho steps in a high-volume manufacturing fab. The scope is broadened to examine all litho layers from the same technology node that process on the same tool platform. This work highlights the immense potential of mining focus spot data as a powerful complement to inline defect monitoring.
Tailored Ceramics for Laser Applications

Transparent ceramics have many features that recommend them over single crystals for use as laser amplifiers. Some features, such as greater mechanical toughness and an absence of extended crystalline defects, are intrinsic to polycrystalline materials. Other advantages accrue from ceramic processing: ceramics sinter more rapidly than crystals grow from a melt, at lower temperatures. Ceramic processes are more readily scaled than Czochralski growth, facilitating larger apertures. Unlike a uniform melt, a ceramic green structure can have controlled concentration gradients, resulting in a multifunctional device upon sintering. Identifying diffusion mechanisms in a suitable host material and quantifying diffusion for a dopant with appropriate energy levels are key steps toward tailoring laser ceramics to the specifications of device designers. Toward that end, this study was the first to identify the mechanism and rate of Nd diffusion in YAG. Grain boundary diffusion was shown to dominate Nd transport under conditions relevant to laser ceramics fabrication. Based on a definition of grain boundary width as 1A, this process occurs at a rate of DGB = 6.4 x 10⁵ ± 2.0 x 10⁵ exp(-491 ± 64kJ/(mol K))m²/s. Mechanism identification and the first published kinetics measurement were made possible by the introduction of a heat treatment method that isolates microstructural change from dopant diffusion : the concentration of grain boundaries was kept great enough to allow rapid diffusion, but low enough to limit the driving force for coarsening. Sintering of fine- grained and phase-pure precursor powder for 4 min at 1700°C produced 0.8[mu]m grains; subsequent diffusion heat treatments at up to 1650°C for up to 64 h caused negligible coarsening, while achieving diffusion distances of up to 23 [mu]m
Prevalence and correlates of nicotine and nicotine product perceptions in U.S. young adults, 2016.

Abstract Introduction Nicotine is not a human carcinogen and combustion compounds in tobacco smoke, rather than nicotine, cause tobacco-related cardiovascular disease. Few recent studies examine the public’s beliefs about nicotine in relation to smoking. Methods Participants aged 18-40 (n = 4,091) in Wave 10 (Fall 2016) of the Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort Study responded to nineteen items on nicotine and nicotine product perceptions, including addictiveness and health harms of nicotine patch/gum and e-cigarettes compared to cigarettes. Analyses conducted in 2018 examined prevalence of perceptions and sociodemographic and tobacco use correlates of selected perceptions. Results The majority of young adults reported that nicotine was responsible for a “relatively” or “very large” part of the health risks (66%) and cancer (60%) caused by smoking. More than half of young adults (55%) believed that nicotine is a cause of cancer. Between 23% and 43% of young adults responded “don’t know” to items on nicotine. Females, blacks, Hispanics, and those with less than some college education were more likely to report true or “don’t know” vs. false to “nicotine is a cause of cancer” and had higher odds of believing that nicotine was responsible for a “relatively” or “very large” part of the health risks of smoking and cancer caused by smoking. Past 30-day tobacco users had lower odds of reporting these beliefs. Conclusions Misperceptions of nicotine are widespread in young adults. Public education is needed to maximize the public health impact of FDA’s required nicotine warning label and proposed nicotine reduction policies.
Nebular atmosphere to magma ocean: A model for volatile capture during Earth accretion

Abstract The origin and abundance of mantle volatiles present major questions for Earth's evolution. Here we quantify volatile capture from an atmosphere derived from the solar nebula during accretion, using a boundary layer model of magma ocean dynamics coupled to a nebular atmosphere model adapted to Earth formation. Key elements include (i) nebular atmosphere winds based on scaling laws for deep rotating fluids; (ii) water production at the magma surface; and (iii) gas transfer between magma and atmosphere based on the systematics of air-sea gas exchange by wind and diffusion. Provided the Earth accreted to 30% or more of its final mass in the presence of the solar nebula, the mantle is expected to have ingassed several ocean mass equivalents of water plus hydrogen, along with hundreds of petagrams of helium-3 and other light noble gases. In contrast to light gases, nebular ingassing does not provide the mantle with enough heavy noble gases to account for their present-day atmosphere abundances. Our model also predicts that thermal insulation by the nebular atmosphere led to very hot conditions in Earth's interior during accretion, with peak temperatures above 6000 K at the core-mantle boundary and possible dynamo conditions in the Early Hadean.
Enabling the Discovery of Thematically Related Research Objects with Systematic Spatializations.

Author(s): Lafia, Sara; Last, Christina; Kuhn, Werner | Abstract: It is challenging for scholars to discover thematically related research in a multidisciplinary setting, such as that of a university library. In this work, we use spatialization techniques to convey the relatedness of research themes without requiring scholars to have specific knowledge of disciplinary search terminology. We approach this task conceptually by revisiting existing spatialization techniques and reframing them in terms of core concepts of spatial information, highlighting their different capacities. To apply our design, we spatialize masters and doctoral theses (two kinds of research objects available through a university library repository) using topic modeling to assign a relatively small number of research topics to the objects. We discuss and implement two distinct spaces for exploration: a field view of research topics and a network view of research objects. We find that each space enables distinct visual perceptions and questions about the relatedness of research themes. A field view enables questions about the distribution of research objects in the topic space, while a network view enables questions about connections between research objects or about their centrality. Our work contributes to spatialization theory a systematic choice of spaces informed by core concepts of spatial information. Its application to the design of library discovery tools offers two distinct and intuitive ways to gain insights into the thematic relatedness of research objects, regardless of the disciplinary terms used to describe them.
Current Strategies for the Management of Bleeding Associated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants and a Review of Investigational Reversal Agents.

Abstract Background The management of life-threatening bleeding in patients who are receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is a serious medical concern. Objective This review provides a concise, balanced overview of the current and future approaches for reversing the anticoagulation effects of DOACs, particularly factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors. Discussion The anticoagulant activity of the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran can be reversed by idarucizumab, but until recently, options for the management of major bleeding in patients who were receiving FXa inhibitors were limited to nonspecific strategies, including supplementation of clotting factors with prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) or activated PCCs for attenuating anticoagulation effects. They appear as a treatment option in many hospital guidelines despite the lack of approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the lack of rigorous medical evidence supporting their use in this setting. The development of specific reversal agents may provide improved strategies for the management of bleeding. Andexanet alfa is a modified FXa molecule approved in the United States to reverse the anticoagulant effects of FXa inhibitors (rivaroxaban and apixaban) in patients with life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding. Ciraparantag is a small-molecule inhibitor of multiple anticoagulants that has been investigated in healthy subjects. Conclusion The current guidelines for management of DOAC-associated bleeding are being updated to reflect that the reversal agent for rivaroxaban and apixaban is now available. For other FXa inhibitors, in the absence of a reversal agent, nonspecific strategies that include PCCs are recommended. The population of patients anticoagulated with DOACs is growing, and we hope that specific reversal agents will improve the approach to management of major bleeding in this population.
Test of the Dynamic-Domain and Critical Scattering Hypotheses in Cubic Methylammonium Lead Triiodide

We investigate the hypothesis of dynamic tetragonal domains occurring in cubic ${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}{\mathrm{PbI}}_{3}$ using high-resolution neutron spectroscopy to study a fully deuterated single crystal. The $R$-point scattering above the 327.5 K cubic-tetragonal phase transition is always resolution limited in energy and therefore inconsistent with dynamic-domain predictions. This behavior is instead consistent with the central peak phenomenon observed in other perovskites. The scattering may originate from small, static, tetragonal-phase domains nucleating about crystal defects, and the temperature dependence demonstrates the transition is first order.
Aeroacoustic Characteristics of a Synchronized Fluidic Oscillator

A new opposite facing oscillator pair is presented where shared feedback channels enable synchronized sweeping of the exiting jets. The design has no moving parts and the oscillator pair is composed in a back-to-back configuration. The synchronized operation generates a near-field acoustic tonality and the objective is to determine the emitted directivity. The acoustic generation mechanisms were determined using compressible large eddy simulations, which was validated with hot-wire and microphone measurements. Different Reynolds number (Re) conditions up to 21,250 were analyzed for a synchronized oscillation with Strouhal number (St) of order 0.01. Dominant acoustic sources emerging during synchronized sweep oscillation were classified by the interpretation of directivity patterns for a selected flow rate. The near-field directivity pattern could be decomposed as a periodic signal consisting of one acoustic mode with a dipole-like pattern, showing two major lobes associated with the jet sweeping oscillation frequency: one acoustic monopole-like directivity for the first overtone; and dipole-like directivity with two lobes for the second harmonic. It is shown that the acoustic sources are generated by the synchronized pressure oscillation of the exiting jets. The vortical structures inside the fluidic oscillator interact with the non-slip walls. These manipulate the curvature of the central jet and causes an unsteady loading towards the discharge. The new fluidic oscillator design gives synchronized exiting sweeping jets and a large flow length scale near-field directivity pattern. These features give feedback type fluidic oscillators a wider application range.
Deafnormativity: who belongs in deaf culture?

This article explores how formerly sighted Deaf individuals confront vision loss and grapple with adopting new identities as Deaf-Blind individuals. Co-researchers in this study analyze sighted Dea...
Signaling a successor? A theoretical and empirical analysis of the executive compensation-chief executive officer succession relationship

Research Summary Extant research rarely explores the relationship between executive compensation and chief executive officer (CEO) succession planning, despite practitioner claims that executive pay disparities indicate succession planning (in)effectiveness. Leveraging signaling theory, we use 830 succession events from 2010 to 2017 to show that pay disparity between the CEO and the highest paid non‐CEO executive is positively related to the likelihood of outside CEO succession. Thus, boards need to be aware of the implications of possible unintentional signals sent via executive compensation decisions. We do not find evidence of an interactive effect when compensation and CEO succession are co‐managed using linking pin directors—directors with compensation and CEO succession responsibilities—but supplemental analyses suggest a positive main effect of linking pin directors on the likelihood of inside CEO succession. Managerial Summary Powerful watchdog agencies assert that high pay differences between a firm's CEO and its next highest paid executive (CEO–HPE pay disparity) indicate succession planning challenges. This assertion has profound implications for stakeholders, but evidence supporting it is unclear. Our study examines the relationship between CEO–HPE pay disparity and the board's choice of an outside CEO, an indicator of ineffective succession planning. We find evidence that higher pay disparity signals an increased likelihood of choosing an outside CEO successor. We also find that boards who co‐manage compensation and succession may be more likely to hire an inside CEO successor. Our findings suggest that boards need to understand how compensation decisions may be inadvertently signaling future CEO succession choices.
Autogenous Iliac Crest Versus rhBMP-2 for Alveolar Cleft Grafting: A 14-Year Single-Institution Experience

Purpose This study sought to compare radiographic outcomes and resource utilization between recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and anterior iliac crest bone graft (AICBG) when used for secondary alveolar grafting. Materials and Methods This is a 14-year retrospective study of patients with alveolar clefts treated at the Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center between January 2006 and January 2020. Patients who had alveolar grafting with either rhBMP-2 or AICBG were included in this study. The primary study predictor was the graft material. The study outcomes were bone height, operating room time, and the number of scrubbed personnel (surgeon and assistants). Graft survival was measured at a minimum of 6 months postoperatively. Bone height was scored according to the Bergland scale, and radiographic success was defined as Bergland types 1 or 2. Results The study sample included a total of 115 patients with 130 alveolar clefts. Overall, 13.0% of patients had bilateral repairs, and 17.4% were retreatments. The cumulative success rate was 89.5%. There were no differences in success between materials (rhBMP: 90.3%; AICBG: 89.1%; P = .85). Patients presenting for retreatment were more likely to receive rhBMP-2 than AICBG (48.6 vs 3.8%, P Conclusions Compared with AICBG, rhBMP-2 produced a similar height of bone but required less hospital resources. The decision to use harvested ilium or rhBMP-2 is not limited by outcome data at this time. More studies will need to be performed to identify the particular advantages of each graft material. The choice of material is currently both surgeon specific and patient specific and requires thorough informed consent.
The organization of the rat motor cortex: a microstimulation mapping study

In conclusion, the rat primary motor cortex appears to be organized into irregularly shaped patches of cortex devoted to particular movements. The location of major subdivisions such as the forelimb or hindlimb areas is somatotopic and is consistent from animal to animal, but the internal organization of the pattern of movements represented within major subdivisions varies significantly between animals. The motor cortex includes both agranular primary motor cortex (AgL) and, in addition, a significant amount of the bordering granular somatic sensory cortex (Gr(SI)), as well as the rostral portion of the taste sensory insular or claustrocortex (Cl). The rat frontal cortex also contains a second, rostral motor representation of the forelimb, trunk and hindlimb, which is somatotopically organized and may be the rat's supplementary motor area. Both of these motor representations give rise to direct corticospinal projections, some of which may make monosynaptic connections with cervical enlargement motoneurons. Medial to the primary motor cortex, in cytoarchitectonic field AgM, is what appears to be part of the rat's frontal eye fields, a region which also includes the vibrissae motor representation. The somatic motor cortical output organization pattern in the rat is remarkably similar to that seen in the primate, whose primary, supplementary and frontal eye field cortical motor regions have been extensively studied.
Optimize Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment in Azure DevOps for a controlled Microsoft .NET environment using different techniques and practices

Delivering a software is not a simple process, even if it is a completely new software created from the scratch, the enhancement of an existing software or fixing the bugs of an existing application. As per the new industrial standard most of the companies follow the DevOps methodologies to deliver the software products, which leverage the flexibilities of the software delivery with expected quality on time with minimal errors. One of the most important factors of the DevOps methodology is Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment. As the entire software industry is moving towards Cloud Computing one of the most powerful, cost effective and easily maintainable environment to host the software applications. There are various Cloud computing providers available in the industry now. Most of them have its own advantage and dis-advantages. There are many researches going on various topics on these areas and the importance of these topics are getting more relevant in the industry now. There are lot of gaps on the Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment concepts and more improvement options have to be identified and certified throughout the various researches. To understand the importance of this platform, we decided to concentrate the research on the Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment in Azure DevOps for a controlled Microsoft .NET environment using different techniques and practices. Here our intention is to identify the various factors which helps the industry to do a better Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment in the Azure DevOps for a controlled Microsoft .NET environment using different techniques and practices. Among the "n" number of factors identified on this subject, only couple of factors are considered as part of this research.
Trends in low frequency ambient noise for a site 80 km off the Oregon coast over approximately four years ending August 2020

Approximately 4 years of underwater noise data recorded from the Regional Cabled Array (RCA) network, at the site known as Hydrate Ridge, is studied for purposes of examining long term trends. The data originate from station HYS14 located on the seabed at a depth of approximately 800 m and 80 km offshore of Newport, OR. The sample rate is 200 Hz, setting to the analysis limit to less than 100 Hz. A distinctive feature of the data is the sound pressure level in the frequency range of 20 Hz that reflects the migratory timing of fin whales, which peaks near the start of the new year, and reaches a minimum around June. There is a suggestion that the level between 10 and 70 Hz attributable shipping activity, is reduced in the spring of 2020 by about 2 dB relative the three prior years, possibly owing reducing economic activity linked with Covid-19. At the time of this writing independent verification of with shipping data is ongoing. [This study was partially supported by U.S. Office of Naval Research and by the UW Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES).]
Stress and Coping Among Family Caregivers of Patients With a Destination Therapy Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Multicenter Mixed Methods Study

Background: Family caregivers of patients with a destination therapy left ventricular assist device play a central and formalized role in postimplant care. We aimed to characterize longitudinal str...
The Structural Biology of Chemokines

This chapter provides an overview of the literature in the field of the structural biology of chemokines. The secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures as determined by x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance are compared among the four chemokine families. The biological significance of chemokine structures is explored through a discussion of additional molecules that interact with the chemokines. Specific interactions of chemokines and their receptors are discussed as are interactions between chemokines and glycosaminoglycans. Additionally, a set of tables and figures summarizes the structural information available in the databases.
BOOK REVIEW: AMERICAN JERICHO: A BOOK REVIEW OF THE HANGING JUDGE BY MICHAEL A. PONSOR

We may be witnessing a turning point in American criminal justice. In 2009, for the first time since the early 1970s, the U.S. incarceration rate began to decline slightly. The United States is still the world’s leader in imprisonment, but, increasingly, there are calls for change. U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder said in 2013 to the ABA: “‘too many Americans go to too many prisons for far too long and for no truly good law enforcement reason.’” The Department of Justice has endorsed a slate of reforms to reduce federal drug sentences, and it seems like there
Breast and chest size: Ideals and stereotypes through the 1990s

This study investigated differences in ideals and stereotypes associated with breast and chest size through the 1990s. Five cohorts of primarily Caucasian participants between 1990 and 1998 completed the Breast/Chest Rating Scale that consists of figures of men and women of varying upper torso sizes and a series of questions related to ideal size, perceptions of others' ideals, and characteristics associated with different sizes. Although the breast size women perceive as preferred by others has increased, the ideal breast size has remained stable for men and women. Men's ideal breast size was consistently larger than the breast size women prefer, and men also preferred a significantly larger chest size. Despite an increasing cultural emphasis on large chest size, there was a significant decrease in the chest size preferred by women across cohort groups. The chest size men think women prefer, however, has increased. Although there was little evidence of changes in stereotypes associated with chest size, the breast size associated with a variety of positive characteristics was significantly larger in 1998 than in 1992. These results are discussed in relation to body image and social implications.
Quantifying the Allais paradox

Abstract Weighted linear utility explains Allais' paradox, yet preserves much of the analytic structure of standard expected utility. This paper identifies the two crucial parameters of weighted linear utility — risk aversion and eccentricity. Eccentricity is a measure of how much the decision maker systematically distorts the probabilities in choosing between lotteries.