cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amenorrhea and Estrogen Disorders in Women with Kidney Disease

Endocrine abnormalities from altered synthesis and metabolism of sex hormones are a common feature in both men and women with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the fact that kidney disease affects approximately one out of ten women in the United States and one out of five women over the age of 60 years, women’s health issues in the setting of CKD remain one of the most neglected and under-recognized issues in clinical practice. While the exact mechanisms are unclear, impairment in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis due to uremia, underlying comorbid conditions, and concomitant medication use are thought to play a predominant role. Abnormal menstrual cycles with amenorrhea, often associated with anovulation, are common in premenopausal women with kidney disease. Early menopause is also common in CKD with the potential negative effects of early menopause on cardiovascular and bone health poorly determined. Diagnosis and management of menopausal symptoms and postmenopausal osteoporosis in CKD remain challenging and controversial. Sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent in women on dialysis, but these symptoms improve markedly post-kidney transplant. While infertility is common, restoration of fertility in women with moderate to severe non-dialysis-dependent CKD should be discouraged due to risk of CKD progression.
Deciding What Vascular Motions You Need

Abstract With knowledge of the intended function and clinical indication of a cardiovascular device, one can anticipate general body motions that may mechanically interact with it. The drivers of motion include cardiac pulsatility, respiration, musculoskeletal motion, and body position. With this information, you can decide whether to use existing literature, cadaver experiments, animal experiments, or human imaging to acquire the necessary information. If new human data is required, can it be acquired from healthy volunteers or will it require patients with the target disease state? Finally, careful selection of outside partners in the form of hospitals, universities, and investigators will be discussed.
A boundary element method based solution procedure for non-linear boundary value problems

Abstract This paper describes a technique for the solution of non-linear boundary value problems in one dimension based on the boundary element method. The nonlinearity is handled by a quasilinearization over subintervals or elements within the main domain. The weighting functions used are the solutions to the one dimensional diffusion operator or the solutions to the adjoint differential equation to the original problem. The paper also describes the development of a computer code to handle the numerical aspects of the problem. A number of illustrative problems are solved using this computer code and it is demonstrated that the method is very robust and leads to accurate numerical results for both the dependent variable and its derivative at the nodal points. A method of estimating the accuracy of the solution is also presented. A number of problems for which the boundary element method is likely to be particularly suitable are pointed out.
Confronting self-discrepant events: Meaning-making and well-being in personal and political narratives

The present study examined the relations among meaning-making, distress, well-being, and psychological growth in both personal and political self-discrepant narratives. Politically liberal particip...
Connection relations for q-Taylor polynomial bases

Abstract We derive the connection relations between three q-Taylor polynomial bases. We also derive the connection relations between two of these bases and the continuous q-Hermite polynomials, as well as several new generating functions for the continuous q-Hermite polynomials. Our results also lead to some new integral evaluations. Using one of these connection relations, we give a new proof of a general addition theorem of Suslov for the q-exponential function E q of Ismail and Zhang.
ESTIMATING CAUSAL EFFECTS IN STUDIES OF HUMAN BRAIN FUNCTION: NEW MODELS, METHODS AND ESTIMANDS.

Neuroscientists often use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to infer effects of treatments on neural activity in brain regions. In a typical fMRI experiment, each subject is observed at several hundred time points. At each point, the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response is measured at 100,000 or more locations (voxels). Typically, these responses are modeled treating each voxel separately, and no rationale for interpreting associations as effects is given. Building on Sobel and Lindquist (J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 109 (2014) 967–976), who used potential outcomes to define unit and average effects at each voxel and time point, we define and estimate both “point” and “cumulated” effects for brain regions. Second, we construct a multisubject, multivoxel, multirun whole brain causal model with explicit parameters for regions. We justify estimation using BOLD responses averaged over voxels within regions, making feasible estimation for all regions simultaneously, thereby also facilitating inferences about association between effects in different regions. We apply the model to a study of pain, finding effects in standard pain regions. We also observe more cerebellar activity than observed in previous studies using prevailing methods.
Who Is Responsible for Security and Privacy in the Cloud

Cloud computing is becoming increasingly attractive both in commercial and government sectors because of the significant cost reduction in their IT operations. The technical benefits of cloud environment (and its service-oriented capabilities) are the availability of computing resources those can quickly be engaged for service execution and released when no longer needed. As the cloud services moving to the mainstream computing, the issues of ownership and the chain of custody of customer data are becoming very critical. In this talk, I will discuss various cloud security issues, and the role and responsibilities of cloud service providers since the secure cloud environment is essential for providing uninterrupted services to customers. This talk will introduce various metrics for cyber security coverage, and demonstrate a tool, called MEGHNAD for estimating security coverage for cloud services. This tool can serve as a specialized Cloud Doctor in prescribing the right combination of security tools for different cloud services and according to the level of security assurance required. It will useful to a cloud provider who wants to incorporate security insurance as part of their Service Level Agreements (SLA).
A Linearized Optimization Method for Distributed Generation Planning Studies

Utilizing renewable energy sources as distributed generation (DG) reduces the pollutant emissions of conventional fossil-fueled generation. Optimized planning is required to prevent serious technical issues resulting from poor implementation. This paper presents an optimization scheme which simplifies the problem by using linearization. Power flow equations are linearized at steady-state operating points, and sensitivity coefficients are calculated for constraints such as voltage and distribution system flow limits. Linear programming (LP) finds the optimal capacities of DG units. Compared to commonly used artificial intelligence (AI) techniques which are computationally expensive, the proposed method is more efficient for finding the optimal capacity of DGs in large distribution systems. The proposed framework is appropriate for planning applications in which efficiency and accuracy are prioritized.
Foreword: Selected papers from the 18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-18)

Thermal hydraulics continues to be a crucial area of exploration when it comes to understanding the operation and behavior of nuclear systems. Because of the variety of present and future nuclear s...
Influence of water activity and dry-heating time on egg white powders quality

Abstract Egg white powders typically undergo thermal treatment at 60 °C for 10–14 days to control Salmonella. Increasing water activity (aw) of egg white powders and treatment temperature can sharply reduce processing time, but its effect on product quality is unclear. This study aims to determine the impacts of aw and dry-heating time on egg white powders’ color and bulk properties. Egg white powders were conditioned to three different aw (0.30, 0.45, 0.60) in equilibration chambers at 23 °C. The samples were then treated at 80 °C for up to 24 h. These treatments were selected based on an earlier study to achieve more than 6-log reduction of Salmonella in egg white powders. After treated, the egg white powders samples with higher aw and longer dry heating time were significantly brighter (L* = 91.7 ± 0.01) and showed a soft yellow coloration (H* = 95.58 ± 0.05, C* = 18.02 ± 0.05). The loose, tap and particle bulk densities of the treated samples decreased with higher aw, but increased with longer dry-heating time. The Hausner ratio for treated samples was ≈1.5, indicating that samples are difficult to fluidize.
Non-contrast MR lymphography of rare lymphatic abnormalities.

Detailed imaging of the lymphatic system often requires direct injection of contrast into lymph nodes which can be technically challenging, time consuming, and produce painful stimuli. We sought to describe the use of non-contrast MR lymphography (NCMRL) for normal controls and patients with a variety of rare disorders associated with lymphatic pathologies. Two control subjects and five affected patients (decompensated Fontan circulation, central conducting lymphatic abnormality, familial lymphedema and two with Gorham-Stout disease) were studied. NCMRL images were segmented in a semiautomated fashion and the major lymphatic channels and thoracic duct (TD) highlighted for identification. Adequate imaging was available for both controls and 4/5 affected patients; the youngest patient could not be imaged given patient motion. For the two controls, the TD was seen in the expected anatomic location. For the decompensated Fontan patient, there were numerous tortuous lymphatic channels, predominantly in the upper chest and neck. For the familial lymphedema patient, a TD was not identified; instead, peripheral lymphatic collaterals near the lateral chest walls. For the first Gorham- Stout patient, the TD was enlarged with large intrathoracic lymph collections. For the second Gorham-Stout patient, there were bilateral TD with lymph collections in vertebral bodies. Using NCMRL, we were able to image normal and abnormal lymphatic systems. An important learning point is the potential need for sedation for younger patients due to long image acquisition times and fine resolution of the structures of interest.
Nonobviousness: Before and After

The requirement of nonobviousness, codified in 35 U.S.C. § 103, has been called “the ultimate condition of patentability” because of its crucial function of keeping technically trivial inventions out of the patent system. The obviousness determination must be made based on the state of the invention’s field at a particular point in time—in the Patent Act’s current version, the date that the patent application was effectively filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”). However, in spite of the critical role of time in patent law and the danger that hindsight bias could distort § 103 analysis when patentability is evaluated long after the relevant date (as it usually is), the seminal Supreme Court obviousness opinion in Graham v. John Deere said little about temporal considerations. Instead, Graham’s lasting contribution was to suggest that the § 103 inquiry is to be divided into two stages based on the source of the proffered evidence. The Court said that as an initial matter, the PTO or a court should look to pre-patent publications and other materials in the public domain and determine the differences between those disclosures and the patent claim at issue. Further, should the parties introduce additional evidence that the Court called “secondary considerations,” such as commercial success of the patented product or failure of others to come up with the claimed invention, decision-makers would need to continue the analysis to determine the relevance and weight of this evidence before making a final judgment on validity. Although courts and commentators disagree vigorously about the relative roles of these two aspects of the nonobviousness calculus, the primary-secondary framework has a central place in the law of § 103. This Article shows that Graham’s apparent creation of two tiers of obviousness evidence has caused confusion and error, and should be rejected in favor of a different approach that is focused on time. First, the rigid segmenting of the patentability inquiry into two steps, which is seen in some lower-court decisions interpreting Graham, has caused certain evidence to be arbitrarily discounted or bolstered depending on whether it falls into the primary or secondary silo. Second, and more pernicious, these evidentiary tiers have obscured the significance of time for patentability. This Article argues that, instead, the filing date of the patent application as the default dividing line between the pre- and post-invention state of the relevant field provides a more logical fulcrum around which to organize the § 103 analysis. Accordingly, obviousness evidence should be classified based on whether it came into existence independently of the patent and generally prior to filing (ex ante) or, instead, whether it appeared in response to the invention or during its further, post-filing, development (ex post). This Article demonstrates that the proposed scheme would pave the way to a more rational approach to § 103 by helping decision-makers determine the relevance and weight of various obviousness evidence with greater accuracy.
When to use Integer Programming Software to solve large multi-demand multidimensional knapsack problems: a guide for operations research practitioners

An important generalization of the classic 0-1 knapsack problem is the multi-demand multidimensional knapsack problem (MDMKP). In addition to being theoretically difficult to solve (it is NP-hard),...
Using Response Times to Infer Others’ Private Information: An Application to Information Cascades

The standard assumption in social learning environments is that agents learn from others through choice outcomes. We argue that in many settings, agents can also infer information from others’ resp...
Lake Champlain’s Underwater Historic Preserve Program: Reasonable Access to Appropriate Sites

What is the value of a shipwreck? Who owns shipwrecks in public waters, and who controls access to them? What type of access is reasonable? These issues have been evolving for Lake Champlain through the development of the Lake Champlain Underwater Historic Preserve Program during the past fifteen years. This underwater museum environment has proven to be an ideal testing ground for demonstrating how the archaeological community and sport divers can work together to ensure the preservation of submerged cultural resources in Lake Champlain.
Sterically hindered solvent extractants—III: The molecular and crystal structure and heavy-element extraction properties of the di-t-pentylphosphinic acid dimer☆

Abstract Di-t-pentylphosphinic acid, [C(CH3)2(CH2CH3)]2PO(OH), H[Dt-PeP], has been shown by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to be dimeric in the solid state. Previously, di-t-butylphosphinic acid, [C(CH3)3]2PO(OH), H[Dt-BP], was the only phosphinic acid known to be dimeric in the solid state. H[Dt-PeP] crystallizes in the centro-symmetric orthorhombic space group, Cmca, with unit cell parameters, a = 17.694(7), b = 11.021(4), and c = 13.073(5) A , and Z = 8 , indicating that the molecule must conform to a crystallographic mirror plane or 2-fold axis. A measured density of 1.088 g/cm3 is in good agreement with a calculated value of 1.074 g/cm3 for a unit cell volume of 2549.3 (A)3 and a formula weight of 206.25 g. A total of 646 three-dimensional X-ray data were collected on an automated XRD-490 G.E. diffractometer. The structure was solved using a combination of direct methods, Patterson, Fourier, and least-squares refinement techniques. Refinement of the data indicates that H[Dt-PeP] is dimeric, and contains a mirror plane in which the hydrogen-bonded, eight-membered ring lies. A structural disorder involving principally the ethylene carbon but affecting the methyl carbons as well precluded a precise determination of the carbon positions and severely reduced the precision of the final refinement. In the liquid-liquid extraction system consisting of a solution of H[Dt-PeP] in benzene vs an acidic aqueous chloride phase, the extraction of UO22+ follows the stoichiometry: UO2A2+ + 2(HY2O ⇆ UO2(HY2)2O + 2HA+ where (HY)2 represents the dimer of H[Dt-PeP] and A and O represent the mutually equilibrated aqueous and organic phases. The expression for the distribution ratio, k, for UO22+ is: k =KSF2/[H+]2, 1.0 F(NaCl+HCl) where F is the concentration in formality units of H[Dt-PeP] in the organic phase, [H+] is the molar concentration of H+ in the aqueous phase, and Ks is a constant characteristic of the system, i.e. benzene diluent, aqueous phase 1.0 F in chloride. The Ks value for UO22+ is 3 × 104. This value is 1.5 times that for the corresponding extraction of UO22+ by H[Dt-BP] reported elsewhere.
TACTUS: A Hardware and Software Testbed for Research in Multi-Touch Interaction

This paper presents the TACTUS Multi-Touch Research Testbed, a hardware and software system for enabling research in multi-touch interaction. A detailed discussion is provided on hardware construction, pitfalls, design options, and software architecture to bridge the gaps in the existing literature and inform the researcher on the practical requirements of a multi-touch research testbed. This includes a comprehensive description of the vision-based image processing pipeline, developed for the TACTUS software library, which makes surface interactions available to multi-touch applications. Furthermore, the paper explores the higher-level functionality and utility of the TACTUS software library and how researchers can leverage the system to investigate multi-touch interaction techniques.
Historians probe geophysics in Seattle

The history of geophysics is becoming a “hot topic” among historians of science and technology. While previous annual meetings of the History of Science Society had few papers on the topic, the latest meeting of the society on October 25–28, 1990, in Seattle featured three sessions with a total of 11 papers. Two “works in progress” papers were also on geophysical topics. The first session on the history of geophysics was Climate Change in Historical Perspective. In spite of all the recent attention given to global warming, it is important to remember that climatic change is not a new issue. Indeed, measured over the course of centuries, approaches to the study of climate and ideas about climatic change have been changing more rapidly than the climate itself. In addition to being interesting in its own right, the history of climatic change is beginning to play a crucial role in global change education, research, and policy decisions. Papers in this session spanned 200 years of the history of climatology as a science and climatic change as an issue.
Certification Experience with Extractive Emission Monitoring Systems

The relative influences of the absolute mean value error, the confidence interval value, and the instrument calibration accuracy is examined using on-site instrument certification data acquired in the past three years. Confidence interval has strong influence based on existing certification data. The trend emphasizes the importance of the sampling technique. Properly calibrated instruments provide low values of absolute mean value error. An induced error related to calibrating instruments to 1.5 times the applicable emission standard for full scale has been observed when the relative mean value (reference average of sampling values) is low. The effect of the induced error will be amplified when the instrument calibration is performed improperly. Extractive emission monitoring systems using ultraviolet visible absorption detection techniques have successfully met the performance criteria proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency based on evaluations conducted in power plants, nitric acid plants, and sulfuric acid plants.
Wall Shear Effect on Bubble Formation in Turbulent Flows

Experimental bubble formation studies have been undertaken on air injection through a porous plate into fully developed turbulent salt-water flows in vertical rectangular channels of varying aspect ratio. This work was aimed at better understanding the effects of variables including pore size, channel size, channel pressure and gas-to-liquid mass flow ratio on the bubble size and bubble standard deviation. In this research, channel pressure was varied from 138–414 kPa (20–60 psi), the hydraulic channel diameter ranged from 1.82–10 mm which corresponded to aspect ratios from 10–1, mean porous plate pore sizes of 0.2 and 100 micron were used (media grade 0.2, 100) and liquid Reynolds numbers from 3400–30,000 were studied. Image processing techniques were used to measure bubble diameters from digital images taken of the bubbly flows which were back-lit via a high-intensity strobe light. The mean bubble diameters produced ranged from 106–1250 microns. Results show that the combined effects of channel pressure, channel geometry and flow rate on average bubble diameter can largely be captured by using wall shear stress at the air injection site whose calculation was based on previously published literature. Bubble diameter and standard deviation are reduced nonlinearly at higher wall shear stress and it is shown that for the bubbly flow regime the gas-to-liquid mass flow ratio has little effect on average bubble size over the conditions of this study.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Use of Telemedicine to Improve Adherence to American Diabetes Association Standards in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

Abstract Background: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) see a multidisciplinary team and have hemoglobin A1c (A1C) levels measured every 3 months. Patients in rural areas may not follow guidelines because of limited specialty care access. We hypothesized that videoconferencing would result in equivalent A1C compared with in-person visits and increased compliance with ADA recommendations. Materials and Methods: The Barbara Davis Center (BDC) (Aurora, CO) telemedicine program provides diabetes care to pediatric patients in Casper and Cheyenne, WY, via remote consultation with annual in-person visits. Over 27 months, 70 patients were consented, and 54 patients completed 1 year in the study. Results: Patients were 70% male, with a mean age of 12.1 ± 4.1 years and T1D duration of 5.4 ± 4.1 years. There was no significant change between baseline and 1-year A1C levels for patients with data at both time points. Patients saw diabetes specialists an average ...
IDENTIFICATION OF THE INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FARM SIZE AND PRODUCTIVITY: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF PEASANT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

The data for this study are from farm management surveys taken in the Indian state of Haryana during the agricultural years 1969I70-1971I72.2 For each of the three years, 162 holdings were selected through a multi- stage stratified random sampling procedure. However, no data were ob- tained from 22% of the selected holdings because of the unwillingness or inability of the farmers to keep the required records. Illiteracy was given as the major reason these observations were lost. The potentially pernicious effect of this non-random selection process, and a procedure which corrects for it, will be discussed below. In total, data is available on 376 holdings. Each observation is identified only by its district and village location, and it cannot be determined if any individual holding was repeatedly sampled over time. But, there are at least two observations on all but fifteen of the 94 villages represented in the total sample. In anticipation of later analysis which requires multiple observations
Management of high technology: A path analytic study of stress and distress-strain

Abstract This study investigated uncertainty as an episodic Stressor affecting military R & D engineering project managers ( N = 118) in high technology settings. LISREL analysis was used to investigate path effects between perceived environmental uncertainty, coping, social support, and distress-strain outcomes. The results suggest a sequential path such that episodic stress is linked first to psychological symptoms which are then linked to physiological symptoms and burnout. Social support and problem-focused coping are linked to burnout, but emotion-focused coping is linked only to physiological symptoms.
Instability in a hippocampal neural network

Four computer models, HM1-HM4, of a particular hippocampal neural network have been developed. The models represent two cell populations, the pyramidal cells and the basket cells; the populations are coupled so that pyramidal cells are inhibited by activity they excite in the basket cell population. In models HM2-HM4, this recurrent inhibitory pathway contains a temporal dispersion element. Models HM3-HM4 place the pyramidal cells in an additional recurrent excitatory feedback loop. HM4 represents a pair of interacting hippocampal networks. Simulated network responses to single-shock stimulation are presented for various parameter values of the four models. Calculations are extended more than one second following stimulation. Particular attention is given to simulation of network instabilities. Simulated neural activity is discussed in view of experimental work on normal (nonepileptogenic) and epileptogenic hippocampal cortex.
Rural Youth Residential Preferences: Understanding the Youth Development-Community Development Nexus

Residential aspirations of youth are influenced by family, school, and community characteristics. This study uses data from 7th and 11th grade students in 10 rural Pennsylvania school districts to identify community characteristics associated with rural youth aspirations to live in their home community when they are 30-years-old. Multinomial logistic regression models comparing rural home community to other places and don't know responses show that 7th and 11th grade youth who like their community “a lot” and who perceive their community to offer viable career opportunities are more likely to want to stay in their home community. Higher educational aspirations are associated with higher odds of wanting to leave the home community. Just over 60% of the youth in this study want to live somewhere other than their rural home community as an adult.
Geometric factors influencing dosimetric sparing of the parotid glands using IMRT.

Purpose/Objective: To determine the relationship between the parotid volume, parotid-planning target volume (PTV) overlap, and dosimetric sparing of the parotid with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods and Materials: Parotid data were collected retrospectively for 51 patients treated with simultaneous boost IMRT. Unresectable patients received 54 or 59.4 Gy to subclinical disease, 70 Gy to gross disease. Patients treated postoperatively received 54, 60, and 66 Gy to low-risk, high-risk, and tumor bed regions. Volume and mean dose of each gland and gland segments outside of and overlapping the PTV were collected. Proximity of each gland to each PTV was recorded. Results: Dosimetric sparing (mean dose ≤26.5 Gy) was achieved in 66 of 71 glands with ≤21% parotid-PTV overlap and 8 of 23 glands with >21% overlap ( p = 21%. Median mean dose was 25.9 Gy to glands overlapping PTV 54 or PTV 59 alone and 30.0 Gy to those abutting PTV 70 ( p 70 was associated with higher parotid dose, satisfactory sparing was achieved in 24 of 43 ipsilateral glands. Conclusions: Dosimetric sparing of the parotid is feasible when the parotid-PTV overlap is less than approximately 20%. With more overlap, sparing may result in low doses within the overlap region, possibly leading to inadequate PTV coverage. Gland proximity to the high-dose PTV is associated with higher mean dose but does not always preclude dosimetric sparing.
Intermolecular force models and the crystal structure of carbon disulphide

Abstract Two recently proposed intermolecular potential models for CS 2 are tested by using the new molecular dynamics (NMD) computer simulation technique that for a given temperature and pressure determines the stable crystal structure of each model. Comparison with the experimental structure of CS 2 , and its known variation with temperature, reveals deficiencies in both models.
Examining the wintertime response to tropical convection over the Indian Ocean by modifying convective heating in a full atmospheric model

[1] The boreal winter response to tropical convection in the eastern Indian Ocean is investigated by increasing the mid-level diabatic heating for that region in the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model, version 3.1. The response is quite similar to the analytic Gill solution to steady heating, with a pair of Rossby wave packets poleward and to the west of the heating, extending into mid-latitudes, and a Kelvin response to the east of the heating. Changes to tropical convection in the eastern Indian Ocean are an important component of several important modes of atmospheric variability, including the Madden-Julian Oscillation, some El Nino-Southern Oscillation events, and the Indian Ocean Dipole. The simulated response has considerable similarities to observational aspects of these modes, both in terms of the Gill-like circulation patterns and changes to precipitation over Southwest Asia, demonstrating the central importance of the Indian Ocean convection in determining the regional response.
The use of infrared photoplethysmography in identifying early intestinal ischemia.

• Acute intestinal ischemia and infarction remain serious clinical problems despite early operative intervention. An accurate and reproducible method of assessing ischemictissue is critical to determine the precise limits of resection. The purpose of this study was to compare the utility of infrared photoplethysmography, intravenous fluorescein, and Doppler ultrasound in assessing intestinal ischemia in an operative canine model. After five segmental mesenteric arterial ligations in each of six conditioned dogs, the detection threshold for the limits of arterial perfusion of each modality was determined and correlated with the respective histopathologic specimens. Infrared photoplethysmography proved to be 100% sensitive for ischemia when its waveform amplitudes were 50% or greater of matched reference waveforms, whereas both intravenous fluorescein and Doppler ultrasound were 88% sensitive. All were comparably specific. We conclude that infrared photoplethysmography is comparable to intravenous fluorescein and Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of ischemic intestinal segments. ( Arch Surg 1987;122:308-310)
Percutaneous Transosseous Embolization of Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysm Type II Endoleak: Report of Two Cases

This report describes two cases of successful treatment of an internal iliac artery aneurysm (IIAA) type II endoleak utilizing a percutaneous transosseous access that could not be treated using an endovascular or standard percutaneous approach. A direct percutaneous approach through bone was chosen to avoid vital structures and the surrounding bowel. The procedure was successful and required minimal fluoroscopy time compared with other treatment options. We believe this procedure is an alternative to some of the more complex and technically challenging means of treating this lesion.
School Bonding in Early Adolescence Psychometrics of the Brief Survey of School Bonding

The comprehensive assessment of middle school student bonding is important for basic research and to evaluate interventions. In this study, the psychometric properties of three assessment tools found in the literature were examined individually and then combined to create a shorter survey. With minor modifications, the tools were found to be psychometrically sound; however, they were burdensome in length and contained redundancy. This motivated the development of a shorter tool that was included in a cyclical process of multiple samples of students (n = 53, 1,911, 2,050) in three phases. The cyclical process involved combining the three surveys, eliminating redundancy, and then examining the psychometric properties of the reduced survey. A final forth phase of the study resulted in a brief but comprehensive survey, Brief Survey of School Bonding. It was found to be psychometrically sound and appropriate for use with children 10 to 15 years of age.
What’s Yours is Mine: An Investigation of Current Copyright Policies of Education Journals

This research investigated the current copyright policies of 21 education journals published by academic societies, universities and university presses, and commercial publishers. For the sample I chose only journals with a copyright policy on the journal or publisher web site, and I then analyzed the content of the policies in order to answer three research questions. (1) What is the nature of copyright for education journals? (2) What evidence exists for the adoption of various copyright innovations (e.g., use of Creative Commons, shared copyright)? (3) Is innovation widespread or limited to certain types of journals? The findings indicate that 16 journals (76%) had traditional “transfer of copyright” policies. However, five journals (24%) offered a range of innovations, including shared copyright, author-retained copyright, first publication rights, and use of Creative Commons licensing.
Inferior pubic rami resection with en bloc radical excision for invasive proximal urethral carcinoma.

Carcinoma of the urethra is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all malignancies in men and women. Posterior lesions are more common than anterior lesions and portend a worse prognosis with the best five-year survival rates approximately 10 and 25% in men and women, respectively. The main cause of failure, with or without preoperative irradiation, is local recurrence. In an effort to improve end results, 12 patients (seven men, five women, with a median age of 58 years) with invasive proximal urethral carcinoma (clinical stage C) have been treated since 1964 at MSKCC. Treatment included preoperative irradiation (2000–6000 rad) followed by surgical excision of the inferior pubic rami with partial (11) or total (1) symphysectomy, anterior perineum, urogenital diaphragm, and genitalia, en bloc with the pelvic organs and lymph nodes. Follow-up averaged 40 months (range, 1–187 months). Five patients were followed for less than one year (average, 5.4 months). Four have died, one of postoperative complications with no evidence of disease and three of recurrent disease (one local and distant, two distant only). The other patient is clinically free of disease at eight months. Seven patients have been followed for over one year (average, 65 months). Three are alive and well at 14, 91, and 187 months, respectively, with no evidence of disease; one died at 12 months of failure to thrive at home (no autopsy obtained, but presumed metastatic disease); one died at 13 months of local recurrence; one died at 39 months of pulmonary failure without evident carcinoma; and one died at 101 months of a myocardial infarct clinically free of neoplasm. Although there was one postoperative death (8%), two pelvic abscesses requiring surgical drainage (16%), two postoperative intestinal fistulae requiring secondary diversion or repair (16%), and two superior pubic rami fractures (16%), no patient has had pelvic girdle instability, intractable pelvic pain, or prolonged difficulty with gait or sitting. Minor adductor muscle weakness was present in most but did not create a problem in ambulation by the time of hospital discharge. Preoperative irradiation coupled with radical excision and inferior pubic rami resection seems to offer better overall survival (33%), better disease-free survival (58%: 5/12 died of disease), and better local control (83%) for high-stage invasive proximal urethral carcinoma than alternative treatment regimens.
Modeling the cation transport in an operating polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC)

Abstract A computational fluid dynamics model is developed to investigate the multicomponent cation transport in polymer electrolyte membranes and to predict the performance degradation of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) due to the cationic contamination. A Maxwell–Stefan approach is implemented by modifying the Nernst–Planck equations to model the multicomponent cationic species transport in the membrane. Langmuir isotherms are used to model the non-ideal species adsorption in the membrane. Cation transport model shows good agreement with the experimental data found in the literature. Following the validation of the cation transport model, it is incorporated in a PEFC model framework, which solves for mass, momentum, species and charge conservations. Both fuel side and air side impurities are considered in analyses, which show that for air side impurities current density drops from 0.9 to 0.7 A/cm 2 whereas for fuel side impurities current density drops to impractical values as low as 0.05 A/cm 2 , at the steady-state. Effect of cationic impurity on water transport in the membrane is also investigated and found that cathode dry-out occurs due to decreased water generation in case of fuel side contamination.
Bayes-Optimal Visualization of Vector Fields

This paper addresses the effective display of noisy vector-valued image data. A new game-theoretic model of a human observer in a visualization task is developed, and used to derive optimal algorithms for the display of a maximally informative fused monochrome image.
Ethical issues in innovative colorectal surgery.

When physicians and surgeons investigate new drugs or devices, they must adhere to stringent regulatory standards governing human experimentation. Although these standards and regulations are not perfect, they serve to protect the interests of patients and research subjects. By contrast, few standards or regulations exist for innovative procedures, including new surgical techniques. Surgeons apply the term “innovative surgery” to describe practices ranging from minor technical modifications in standard procedures to nonvalidated investigational approaches indistinguishable from human research. By focusing on recent innovations in surgery, including colorectal surgery, this article proposes an ethical model of surgical innovation that protects patients while maintaining professional self-regulation of surgical advances.
Effects of Selected Inorganic Phosphates, Phosphate Levels and Reduced Sodium Chloride Levels on Protein Solubility, Stability and pH of Meat Emulsions

The effects were determined of four selected inorganic phosphates at two levels combined with two reduced levels of sodium chloride on the stability, pH, solubilized protein and water-holding capacity of raw meat emulsions. Tetrasodium and tetrapotassium pyrophosphates resulted in higher raw pH, greater protein solubility and improved emulsion stability and water-holding capacity than sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate. Increasing the sodium chloride level from 0.75% to 1.50% decreased the relative effects of phosphate type and level on emulsion stability. The effect of doubling phosphate level on emulsion stability was much less than the effect of doubling the sodium chloride level; however, doubling phosphate level was more effective in increasing pH and soluble protein level of raw emulsions.
Report of the section of volcanology

I have the honor to report as follows on the meeting of the Section of Volcanology held at Rome, Italy, May 2–10, 1922. It will be pertinent to state that I have not yet received any copy of the minutes of the Proceedings made by the Second Secretary, Prof. Gaetano Platania, of Catania. I understand that he met with a somewhat serious accident, which has evidently delayed him. I must consequently rely on my memory and on some scanty notes made by me. The present report must, therefore, be considered as subject to correction in the future.
Fluorescence ratio intrinsic basis states analysis: a novel approach to monitor and analyze protein unfolding by fluorescence.

Fluorescence ratio intrinsic basis states analysis (FRIBSTA) is a novel method allowing quantitative estimation of the stability of proteins in aqueous solution as a function of temperature. In FRIBSTA emission fluorescence spectra are repeatedly recorded while ramping temperature from or =100 degrees C. Subsets of these are identified as reference spectra of the protein in either its folded or in its heat denatured configuration. Each reference spectrum of both sets is normalized by its own integrated fluorescence intensity to give a fractional area spectrum. Linear extrapolations of these normalized reference spectral shapes over the entire temperature range of measurement are then used to deconvolute each experimental emission spectrum to give a fraction of emission from native state and a fraction from denatured state. Additionally, the integrated emission fluorescence intensity for the native configuration is fitted and extrapolated over the temperature range of measurement. Division of the deconvoluted native integrated fluorescence intensity by the fitted-extrapolated integrated emission fluorescence intensity yields the fraction folded. The free energy functions derived from fraction unfolded are presented for beta-lactoglobulin and phosphoglycerate kinase. According to these results both proteins are considerably less stable than heretofore assumed at ambient temperatures and partially denatured at temperatures < or =0 degrees C. The method is employed to study the effect of denaturants on these proteins as well. The major usefulness of FRIBSTA is that one can directly measure the protein stability at ambient and subambient temperatures in the absence of denaturants rather than predicting it by extrapolation from heat denaturation data.
75. The Beta-2 adrenergic receptor on B cells exacerbates IgE and allergic asthma

Allergic asthma severity positively correlates with plasma IgE. β-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists alleviate allergic asthma-induced bronchoconstriction by targeting the β2AR expressed on bronchiolar smooth muscle cells to trigger airway relaxation. However, these agonists may target the β2AR expressed on lung B cells to potentially increase IgE, which exacerbates lung inflammation over time. We reported previously that β2AR stimulation increases the level of IgE produced by a B cell in vivo and in vitro. To determine the central role of the β2AR in allergic asthma, we elicited an allergic asthma response in Balb/c wild type (WT) and β2AR-deficient mice. We found that β2AR deficiency was associated with decreased serum and BAL IgE production, cellular airway infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and diffuse B cell localization to the alveoli when compared to WT allergic controls. Additionally, baseline AHR, body/organ weight, and cellular composition of the spleen, lymph node, and thymus in b2AR-deficient mice were similar to WT controls. These findings suggest that the β2AR on a B cell influences the level of IgE produced and the severity of allergic responses. Studying the mechanism responsible for the β2AR-induced increase in IgE and allergic asthma will identify therapeutic targets that can be used to preserve the beneficial bronchodilating effect of a β2AR agonist, while preventing the β2AR-induced increase in IgE that exacerbates asthma symptoms.
Surgical correction of severe strabismus and enophthalmos secondary to zygomatic arch fracture in a dog

A grossly displaced segmental zygomatic arch fracture with marked ventro-lateral deviation of the left globe was diagnosed in a 3-month-old male German Shepherd dog following a bite injury. The fracture was approached via a modified lateral orbitotomy and a fragment of the lacrimal bone removed. The rostral portion of the fracture was stabilized with a 5-hole 2.0 dynamic compression plate bone plate. The surgical correction achieved sufficient skeletal fixation for proper anatomical reduction of the globe and excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes.
Some Comments on the Social Impact of Research in TESOL

ship and by professionals in other fields (e.g., anthropology, philosophy, sociology, law) prior to their revision and adoption. In summary, then, I would argue that more attention be paid to ethical issues in TESOL research, that TESOL professionals familiarize themselves with the ethical guidelines and reflect on them when planning, executing, and reporting research, and consider expanding their scope and specificity.
Species diversity of chydorid fossil communities in the Mississippi Valley

The species diversity and equitability component were calculated for the fossil chydorid community recovered from 45 lakes in the Mississippi Valley. The lakes fall into three groups, natural lakes, artificial lakes, and oxbow lakes. Where the diversity and equitability component were low it was discovered that in nearly all cases this was due to the superabundance of Chydorus sphaericus. While the number of species present tended to be greater in the north, the species diversity was significantly greater in the southern part of the transect. The chydorid fossil populations were correlated to neither conservative parameters of the lake water nor parameters of the sediments. However, the populations recovered were significantly greater for the natural lake group compared to the other two lake groups. Species diversity was negatively correlated to population size for the natural lakes, while the opposite positive significant correlation was found for the other two lake groups. It is suggested that the correlations found between species diversity and sedimentary parameters could be caused by turbidity being high in the artificial and oxbow lakes. This could retard the cultural eutrophication of these lakes. This factor is absent in the natural lakes and has resulted in rapid eutrophication causing loss of diversity and instability in the chydorid communities in these lakes.
Necessity of uncertainty analyses in risk assessment

Abstract The potential risks to human health associated with contaminant discharges from the waste area groupings (WAGs) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have been estimated and ranked. Human health risks are estimated using selected exposure relationships for human receptors and local con- taminant concentrations associated with individual waste sites. The ranking of the waste areas using deterministic methods yields disparate ran- kings because risk assessment results are very user-specific and depend on the user's selection of models, parameter values and uncertainty about important model parameters. Rankings obtained without an uncertainty analysis are unreliable because of large inconsistencies in the amount of conservatism used to quantify model parameters for specific contaminant and exposure pathways. Through the use of uncertainty analyses on the risk assessment of the waste sites, it was possible to rank the waste areas in a more reliable manner. The WAGs are ranked based on potential human health risk in the following order: (1) WAG 1; (2) WAG 2, 6, and 7, and WAG 4; (3) WAG 5; (4) WAG 9; (5) WAG 3; and (6) WAG 8. The dominant pathway contributing to human health risks is through fish ingestion, while the contaminant contributing the greatest risk over all exposure path- ways considered is 137Cs.