cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of a thick rubber solid subject to pressure loads

Abstract The stability of a rectangular solid in plane strain subjected to a constant axial and lateral pressure is investigated. Two types of lateral pressure are considered, namely, a hydrostatic pressure and a constant directional pressure. Problems of this type have been studied by Kerr and Tang for a perfectly elastic material of the harmonic type. Constitutive equations of this type do not, however, give a good description of known materials unless the strains are not too large. They have found that, for the case of antisymmetric deformation (bendingX the constant directional pressure destabilizes the solid while the hydrostatic pressure stabilizes the solid. Moreover the solid is unstable for both cases when the lateral pressure is equal to the axial pressure. In this paper, a Mooney material is considered. It is found that both types of lateral pressure stabilize the solid for both antisymmetric and symmetric deformations.
New approaches to developing antidepressants by enhancing monoaminergic neurotransmission.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious illness with far reaching societal and economic ramifications. The monoamine-deficiency hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with reductions in monoamine neurotransmission, particularly serotonin and noradrenaline, is supported by both neurochemical findings and the successful treatment of MDD with compounds that enhance monoaminergic neurotransmission. This review focuses on novel compounds in different stages of development for the treatment of MDD that enhance monoaminergic neurotransmission via a number of different mechanisms, including re-uptake inhibition of one or more monoamines, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the combination of monoamine antagonists with re-uptake inhibitors and monoamine receptor subtype agonists. Compounds that enhance individual monoamines have antidepressant properties and compounds that enhance multiple monoamines appear to have a synergistic antidepressant effect and potentially faster onset of action. The differing...
The co-therapy relationship: Mutuality, agreement and client outcome

This project, utilizing a pretest and posttest design, studied interactions between co-therapists and the relationships of their interactions to client outcome. Six co-therapist pairs at a counseling center saw two clients in multiple treatments yielding twelve cases. The study investigated co-therapist relationships in regard to: (a) their level of mutuality or caring for their partners, (b) their ratings of the quality of their relationships, and (c) their agreement as to perceptions and behavior during sessions. Also investigated were: the relation of co-therapist interaction to client outcome and the personal growth of the therapists over the course of therapy. Results supported success claims of the literature concerning co-therapy.
Alterations in Amino Acid Content Caused by 3‐amino‐l,2,4‐triazole

Changes in the amino acid content of Zea mays and Sorghum hnlcpemr by treatments with amitrole (3-amino-l,2,4-triazole) are reported. The evidence suggests that inhibition of histidine biosynthesis is probably not the mechanism of amitrole action in young seedling plants. Reductions in glycine and serine content of treated plants were observed. Results are discussed in relation to current theories on mechanisms of herbicide action.
Multivariate polynomial positivity test efficiency improvement

It is shown that certain singular cases occurring in the test of a multivariate polynomial for global positivity need not be considered, leading to a considerable improvement in the efficiency in implementation of the test procedure.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF PULSED MICRO FLOWS PERTINENT TO CONTINUOUS SUBCUTANEOUS INSULIN INFUSION (CSII) THERAPY

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy, also known as insulin pump therapy, has become an important advancement in diabetes therapy to improve the quality of life for millions of diabetes patients. Insulin delivery failures caused by the precipitations of insulin within micro-sized CSII tubing systems have been reported in recent years. It has also been conjectured that the flow of insulin through an insulin infusion set may be reduced or inhibited by air bubbles entrained into the capillary CSII tubing system during the typical three- to five-day operation between refills. Currently, most solutions to insulin occlusion related problems are based on clinical trials. In the present study, an experimental and theoretic study was conducted to investigate the pulsed flows inside the micro-sized CSII tubing system. A micro-PIV system was used to provide detailed flow velocity field measurements inside the capillary CSII tubing system to characterize the transient behavior of the micro-flows upon the pulsed actuation of the insulin pump used in CSII therapy. It was found that the microflow inside the CSII tubing system is highly unsteady, which is much more interesting than the creeping flow that the nominal averaged flow rates would suggest. A theoretic frame work was also performed to model the pulsed micro-flows driven by the insulin pump to predict the transient behavior of the microflows and velocity distributions inside the micro-sized CSII tubing system. The measurement results and the theoretic predictions were compared quantitatively to elucidate underlying physics for a better understanding of the microphysical process associated with the insulin delivery in order to provide a better guidance for troubleshooting of insulin occlusion in CSII therapy.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Effect of nitroglycerin and dipyridamole on regional left ventricular blood flow during coronary artery occlusion.

Coronary vasodilators have been variously reported to increase, decrease, or have no effect upon blood flow to ischemic myocardium. Consequently, the effects of two different types of dilators, nitroglycerin (TNG) and dipyridamole, were studied with radioactive microspheres in open-chested dogs after coronary artery ligation. Given as a bolus i.v. injection 0.4 mg TNG resulted in an increase in blood flow to nonischemic areas of myocardium and a preservation of flow to ischemic regions, despite a fall in blood pressure. 5 min later blood pressure and nonischemic flow were back to base line, and a small selective increase in flow to ischemic myocardium was found (0.15-0.18 ml/min per g, P less than 0.05). During an 0.2 mg/min infusion of TNG, and also after 1 mg/kg i.v. dipyridamole, ischemic flow was maintained in the face of a 20-30% reduction in blood pressure. In this setting, nonischemic flow was unchanged during TNG and doubled after dipyridamole. With the addition of methoxamine in both dilator groups, blood pressure returned to base line while flow to ischemic areas increased above base-line values (TNG, 0.16-0.20 ml/min per g, P less than 0.01; dipyridamole, 0.18-0.31 ml/min per g, P less than 0.05). Epicardial ST segment elevations increased during TNG infusion and were unchanged after dipyridamole, but with addition of methoxamine, ST segments became less elevated in both drug groups, concomitant with the observed increase in collateral blood flow. These data indicate that both types of coronary vasodilators, when used in conjunction with methoxamine to support blood pressure, reduce collateral resistance, increase collateral flow, and reduce epicardial ST-segment elevations.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience: The Golden Triangle and Beyond.

The development and application of neuroimaging methods offers powerful means to study brain functions, but the resulting knowledge is more likely to be beneficial when combined with conceptual analyses that decompose complex psychological constructs into component structures, representations, processes, and computations; converging measures that gauge neural events at different temporal and spatial scales; behavioral measures that permit fine-grain analyses of brain–behavior associations; and experimental (e.g., lesion studies and/or transcranial magnetic stimulation) and nonhuman animal studies that test the putative role of specific brain structures, circuits, or processes. In addition, quantitative meta-analyses are important to move beyond idiosyncrasies of individual studies, and neurodevelopmental investigations can contribute to our understanding of brain–behavior associations.
Mobile processors for energy-efficient web search

As cloud and utility computing spreads, computer architects must ensure continued capability growth for the data centers that comprise the cloud. Given megawatt scale power budgets, increasing data center capability requires increasing computing hardware energy efficiency. To increase the data center's capability for work, the work done per Joule must increase. We pursue this efficiency even as the nature of data center applications evolves. Unlike traditional enterprise workloads, which are typically memory or I/O bound, big data computation and analytics exhibit greater compute intensity. This article examines the efficiency of mobile processors as a means for data center capability. In particular, we compare and contrast the performance and efficiency of the Microsoft Bing search engine executing on the mobile-class Atom processor and the server-class Xeon processor. Bing implements statistical machine learning to dynamically rank pages, producing sophisticated search results but also increasing computational intensity. While mobile processors are energy-efficient, they exact a price for that efficiency. The Atom is 5× more energy-efficient than the Xeon when comparing queries per Joule. However, search queries on Atom encounter higher latencies, different page results, and diminished robustness for complex queries. Despite these challenges, quality-of-service is maintained for most, common queries. Moreover, as different computational phases of the search engine encounter different bottlenecks, we describe implications for future architectural enhancements, application tuning, and system architectures. After optimizing the Atom server platform, a large share of power and cost go toward processor capability. With optimized Atoms, more servers can fit in a given data center power budget. For a data center with 15MW critical load, Atom-based servers increase capability by 3.2× for Bing.
Shaping and resizing of multifed slot radiators used in conformal microwave antenna arrays for hyperthermia treatment of large superficial diseases

It has been recently shown that chestwall recurrence of breast cancer and many other superficial diseases can be successfully treated with the combination of radiation, chemotherapy and hyperthermia. Conformal microwave antenna array for hyperthermia treatment of large area superficial diseases can significantly increase patient comfort while at the same time facilitate treatment of larger and more irregularly shaped disease. A large number of small efficient antennas is preferable for improved control of heating, as the disease can be more accurately contoured and the lower power requirement correlates with system reliability, linearity and reduced cost. Thus, starting from the initially proposed square slot antennas, we investigated new designs for multi-fed slot antennas of several shapes that maximize slot perimeter while reducing radiating area, thus increasing antenna efficiency. Simulations were performed with commercial electromagnetic simulation software packages (Ansoft HFSS) to demonstrate that the antenna size reduction method is effective for several dual concentric conductor (DCC) aperture shapes and operating frequencies. The theoretical simulations allowed the development of a set of design rules for multi-fed DCC slot antennas that facilitate conformal heat treatments of irregular size and shape disease with large multi-element arrays. Independently on the shape, it is shown that the perimeter of 10cm at 915 MHz delivers optimal radiation pattern and efficiency. While the maximum radiation is obtained for a circular pattern the rectangular shape is the one that feels more efficiently the array space.
Inaccuracy compensation and piecewise circular approximation of parametric paths

A complication to the process of remotely generating tool paths is that mechanism controllers are typically capable of commanding a robot or machine tool to move along linear and circular arc space segments. This paper considers the decomposition of parametrically described, higher-order curvilinear paths into piecewise linear and circular path segments, thereby reducing the data required to store a higher order path.
Survival of Vibrio vulnificus at reduced temperatures and elevated nutrient

Studies were conducted on the survival of the human bacterial pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, in heart infusion broth held at 5, 10 and 15°C. Culturability was monitored by plate counts on heart infusion agar, and viability by examination of electron transport activity. Whereas V. vulnificus demonstrated growth at 15°C, a rapid loss of culturability for cells held at the lower temperatures was observed. At all temperatures, however, a significant portion of the population was found to remain viable over the 28 day study period. The ability of V. vulnificus cells to metabolize exogenously supplied nutrient at reduced temperatures was also examined as an indicator of viability. Cells were able to rapidly take up and respire mixed amino acids at 9 and 13°C, whereas cells incubated at 2°C showed relatively little metabolism of the labeled substrates. Like the growth and viability study, the radiotracer study indicates survival of V. vulnificus at reduced temperatures, although with reduced rates of activity. The possible implications of these findings for the transport and storage of shellfish is discussed.
Fast, accurate rate-control for low-rate wavelet-based image coding via bootstrapping with local probability models

Real-time rate-control requires fast, accurate characterization of the relationship between wavelet subband step-size and rate. A rate-control algorithm is presented based on local properties of the function parameterizing this relationship, the rate-quantization or R-Q curve, for each subband. The behavior of this function is characterized by using the coder once, with step-sizes close to those that achieve the desired rate, which are determined entirely by a model-based technique. This solution requires a coder, a performance metric (which implies a subband-quantization strategy), and continuously differentiable (C/sup 1/) R-Q curves. This approach differs from some previous approaches in that it is based on local structure of R-Q curves instead of a global property, and does not require any training. The proposed scheme produces step-sizes that achieve rates typically less than half a percent away from the target rate. This method is fast, accurate, coder independent, requires no training, and can be combined with any subband-based quantization scheme.
On block Householder algorithms for the reduction of a matrix to Hessenberg form

A block algorithm is presented for the Householder reduction of a matrix to Hessenberg form using the Bischof-Van Loan expression of a product of elementary matrices. Results of performance measurements on an IBM 3090 VG include a comparison with an alternate formulation considered for LAPACK. The algorithms based on the straightforward application of the Bischof-Van Loan formulations consistently appear to produce the best performance in all experiments conducted. It is likely that such behavior would be observed with other machines, but this conjecture remains to be tested. The algorithmic derivations presented are general enough to apply to other computational schemes based on similarity transformations, including those for the solution of the Hessenberg eigenvalue problem (QR). >
The legal aspects of engineering education, entrepreneurship, and invention

This paper provides an overview of the legal aspects of entrepreneurship and invention from an educator's perspective. In today's environment of rapid deployment of new technologies, often involving some aspect of university research or technology commercialization, decisions are often made without the necessary understanding or consideration of the legal issues that should be considered. Universities and corporations have the benefit of legal counsel, but the legal rights of professors, students, recent graduates, and other entrepreneurs are typically not safeguarded. A basic awareness by educators of the important legal issues is crucial to avoid legal problems or costly litigation. This legal information can be of personal value to the educator and provide an opportunity for the educator to deliver a basic awareness of these legal issues to their students. Topics that are discussed include the importance of legal planning and how it relates to intellectual property rights, confidentiality agreements, employment and business contracts, business associations, and liability issues.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Three-Species Nonlinear Response Omnivory Model with Predator Stage Structure

AbstractOmnivory is defined as feeding on more than one trophic level and is ubiquitous in most natural communities. We investigate a three-species nonlinear response omnivory model incorporating stage structure in the top predator. The model consists of four coupled ordinary differential equations involving fourteen parameters. As estimates from natural systems the parameters are subject to natural intrinsic variability and measurement error. To determine how infinitesimally small changes in the parameters affect the model solution, we derive sensitivity equations and numerically solve for the sensitivities. Our performance measure of the sensitivities shows that the mortality and search rates are the most sensitive parameters with conversion efficiencies at intermediate values. The resource enrichment rates and handling times are the least sensitive.
Predictors of severe morbidity and death after elective abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract Objective: This study sought to identify risk factors associated with an unfavorable outcome after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: The clinical records of 158 patients who underwent elective open AAA repair with COPD determined from preadmission International Classification of Diseases-ninth revision codes during a 12-year period at the University of Michigan were reviewed. Patients with uncomplicated outcomes (group I) were compared with those with unfavorable postoperative outcomes (group II). The unfavorable outcomes were defined as myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, worsening respiratory insufficiency necessitating tracheostomy, or death within 30 days of surgery. Logistic regression analyses of variables that were identified as being statistically significant in the univariate analysis were used to develop a predictive model of these events. Results: Group I included 133 patients (77 men, 56 women) with a mean age of 70.1 years, and group II included 25 patients (13 men, 12 women) with a mean age of 71.4 years. Preoperative factors statistically related ( P =.002) to an unfavorable outcome in group II patients included: suboptimal COPD management (fewer prescribed inhalers), lower hematocrit, preoperative renal insufficiency, and coronary artery disease. Importantly, abnormal preoperative spirometry and arterial blood gases were not predictive of a poor outcome. Univariate analysis also revealed increased hospital (25 versus 13 days; P =.0001) and intensive care unit (14 versus 4 days; P =.001) length of stays and a greater need for prolonged ventilation (8 versus 1 day; P =.039) for group II patients compared with group I patients. The 30-day mortality rate in the entire experience was 3.2% (5/158). No specific variables associated with mortality were identified. Conclusion: Fewer prescribed inhalers, lower hematocrit, renal insufficiency, and coronary artery disease are preoperative factors associated with unfavorable outcomes after open elective surgical repair of AAA in patients with COPD. Intensive management of these factors may reduce the hazards of AAA operations in these patients. COPD alone should not be considered a deterrent to the surgical treatment of AAAs. (J Vasc Surg 2003;37:594-599.)
Student Factors Related to Variability in Learning Word Meanings from Context

This study examined how vocabulary knowledge, the familiarity of concepts, and analytic reasoning affect sixth-grade students' ability to learn word meanings from the context of natural passages in a basal reading textbook. The results indicated that students with higher levels of general vocabulary knowledge learned relatively more, even though they had less room for improvement. Low students were at a disadvantage not only because they initially knew fewer words but also because they understood words less well. Also among low vocabulary students, words representing familiar concepts were more likely to be learned than those representing unfamiliar concepts. The study suggested that general and passage specific vocabulary knowledge are important variables influencing learning from context. General analytic reasoning was not a significant factor. Word count studies have consistently found that a large number of words occur in school materials and that the vast majority of these words appear rarely (Clifford, 1978; Nagy & Anderson, 1984; Nagy & Herman, 1987). These two characteristics present a major problem for vocabulary acquisition because it takes time to learn and maintain a large vocabulary, particularly when words are used so infrequently. Jensen (1980), Nagy, Anderson, and Herman (1987), and Sternberg and Powell (1983), among others, have proposed that students independently infer the meanings of many unknown words by using cues from the context in which words naturally occur. The process of learning word meanings from context has been shown to be a potentially viable method of vocabulary acquisition in a number of recent studies (Camine, Kamenui, & Coyle, 1984; Herman, Anderson, Pearson, & Nagy, 1987; Jenkins, Stein, & Wysocki, 1984; Nagy, Anderson, & Herman, 1987; Nagy, Herman, & Anderson, 1985; Sternberg & Powell, 1983). In addition to determining when students learn words from context, researchers
Availability of epidemiologic data on humans exposed to animal carcinogens. II. Chemical uses and production volume

We report further findings of a survey of manufacturers, processors, and importers of chemicals determined by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to be animal carcinogens, but whose carcinogenicity in humans was considered uncertain because of inadequate epidemiologic data. We requested epidemiologic studies from the companies marketing or using any of the 75 IARC animal carcinogens in commerce in the United States. Eighteen of the 75 IARC animal carcinogens had volumes listed of 10(6) lb/year or greater, with 8 of the 13 chemicals for which studies had been completed or are in progress in this ''high volume'' category. The use category with the largest number of chemicals was drugs--19 of the 75 IARC animal carcinogens were in this category. However, none of the 13 chemicals included in epidemiologic studies was a drug. Seven of the 13 chemicals included in studies were used primarily as pesticides. We received little information on dyes and dye intermediates, experimental carcinogens, and drugs, all of which are produced in relatively low volumes; these categories represent 42 of the 75 IARC animal carcinogens. Low volumes and declining usage/production appear to be barriers to performance of epidemiologic studies. Information we received suggests that sometimes themore » problem of low production volume may be avoided by studying users rather than production workers. Overall, however, we expect few additional epidemiologic studies of the 75 IARC animal carcinogens.« less
Multiple proteins and phosphorylations regulate Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc24p localization.

Targeting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc24p to polarized growth sites is essential for its function. Localization of GFP-tagged Cdc24 proteins or fragments was assayed in deletion mutants of Cdc24p-interacting proteins. The boi2Δ, ent2Δ, and hua1Δ mutants showed localization defects. The tos2Δ skg6Δ double mutant displayed aberrant pre-anaphase localization to the mother-bud neck region. The same aberrant pattern was seen when potential phosphorylation sites Ser697, Thr704, and Tyr200 were mutated. The S697A mutation also resulted in phosphorylation defects in vivo. These data support roles for Boi2p, Ent2p, Hua1p, Tos2p, and for Cdc24p phosphorylation in targeting Cdc24p to growth sites.
Bone Loss in Diabetes: Use of Antidiabetic Thiazolidinediones and Secondary Osteoporosis

Clinical evidence indicates that bone status is affected in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Regardless of normal or even high bone mineral density, T2DM patients have increased risk of fractures. One class of antidiabetic drugs, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), causes bone loss and further increases facture risk, placing TZDs in the category of drugs causing secondary osteoporosis. Risk factors for development of TZD-induced secondary osteoporosis are gender (women), age (elderly), and duration of treatment. TZDs exert their antidiabetic effects by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) nuclear receptor, which controls glucose and fatty acid metabolism. In bone, PPAR-γ controls differentiation of cells of mesenchymal and hematopoietic lineages. PPAR-γ activation with TZDs leads to unbalanced bone remodeling: bone resorption increases and bone formation decreases. Laboratory research evidence points toward a possible separation of unwanted effects of PPAR-γ on bone from its beneficial antidiabetic effects by using selective PPAR-γ modulators. This review also discusses potential pharmacologic means to protect bone from detrimental effects of clinically used TZDs (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) by using combinational therapy with approved antiosteoporotic drugs, or by using lower doses of TZDs in combination with other antidiabetic therapy. We also suggest a possible orthopedic complication, not yet supported by clinical studies, of delayed fracture healing in T2DM patients on TZD therapy.
Corrosion behavior of binary titanium aluminide intermetallics

Abstract The corrosion behavior of arc-melted binary titanium aluminide intermetallics TiAl, Ti3Al, and TiAl3 in aqueous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions was measured an...
Observational Evidence of a Stratospheric Influence on the Troposphere by Planetary Wave Reflection.

Abstract Recent studies have pointed out the impact of the stratosphere on the troposphere by dynamic coupling. In the present paper, observational evidence for an effect of downward planetary wave reflection in the stratosphere on Northern Hemisphere tropospheric waves is given by combining statistical and dynamical diagnostics. A time-lagged singular value decomposition analysis is applied to daily tropospheric and stratospheric height fields recomposed for a single zonal wavenumber. A wave geometry diagnostic for wave propagation characteristics that separates the index of refraction into vertical and meridional components is used to diagnose the occurrence of reflecting surfaces. For zonal wavenumber 1, this study suggests that there is one characteristic configuration of the stratospheric jet that reflects waves back into the troposphere—when the polar night jet peaks in the high-latitude midstratosphere. This configuration is related to the formation of a reflecting surface for vertical propagation ...
Dividend Signaling Costs: Coarse Vs. Separating Equilibria

This paper rationalizes corporate practices of smoothing the impact of earnings shocks on net dividends, as an optimalmanagerial response to conditions that would otherwise seriously harm the welfare of shareholders. It also shows that the deadweight losses arising from informational asymmetries between managers and firm owners are, surprisingly, significantly smaller than is commonly believed. The major assumptions are that managers face budget constraints, know more than outsiders about corporate sources and uses of internally generated funds, and maximize the current level of their firm's market value rather than its intrinsic value.
Impact of Increasing Age on Outcomes of Spinal Fusion in Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Objective To investigate the role of advancing age on postoperative complications and revision surgery after fusion for scoliosis. Methods A retrospective, cohort study was performed using the Thomson Reuters MarketScan database, examining patients with adult scoliosis who underwent spinal fusion from 2000 to 2009. Primary outcomes included infection, hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism (PE) within 90 days of surgery, and refusion. The effect of increasing age was estimated using the odds ratio (OR) of complications in a multivariate logistic regression analysis, and a Cox proportional hazard model estimated the hazard ratio of refusion. Results A total of 8432 patients were included in this study. Overall, the average age was 53.3 years, with 26.90% males and 39% with a Charlson Comorbidity Score of ≥1. Most patients had commercial insurance (66.81%), with 26.03% and 7.16% covered by Medicare and Medicaid, respectively. Increasing age (per 5-year increment) was a significant predictor of hemorrhagic complication (OR, 1.06; confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.11; P = 0.0196), PE (OR, 1.09; CI, 1.03–1.16; P = 0.0031), infection (OR, 1.04; CI, 1.01–1.07; P = 0.0053), and refusion (hazard ratio, 1.07; CI, 1.02–1.13; P = 0.0103). Conclusions In this study, age was associated with increased risk of hemorrhage, PE, infection, and refusion. With the aging population, the role of patient age on postoperative healing and outcomes deserves deeper investigation after repair of adult idiopathic scoliosis.
Targeted Covalent Enzyme Inhibitors

Abstract Targeted covalent enzyme inhibition is experiencing resurgence as a medicinal chemistry design strategy. Targeted covalent inhibitors exhibit slow target offset, increased binding efficiency and potency, enhanced selectivity, reduced propensity for target-based drug resistance and prolonged pharmacodynamic effects. These attributes offer the possibility of pursuing small molecule approaches for targets previously considered to be undruggable. New technologies for assessing selectivity at the cellular proteome level, coupled with a better understanding of reversible and irreversible covalent inhibitor design strategies, enable more confident safety risk assessment and higher-quality design. This review covers literature published between 2006 and 2012, classifying inhibitors based on their target nucleophile and reversibility properties, and offers a perspective on future opportunities for covalent inhibitor design strategies.
Eliminating Electroencephalogram Artefacts Using Independent Component Analysis

The elimination of artefacts from Electroencephalogram(EEG) has an important role many signal and image processing applications. The artefacts are the noises that appears during the acquisition of signals from the patient body. With the presence of these artefacts it become difficult for doctors and technicians to analyse the Electroencephalogram signals efficiently. The aim of this research work is to remove these artefacts using Independent Components Analysis(ICA). The scalp EEG is intensively used as an important clinical tool for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The probabilistic modified ICA algorithm is used to separate EEG signals from artifacts for efficiently brain tumor detection. This research work aims to detect epileptic activity for an electroencephalogram having sixteen-channels. The research consists of three important stages First one is data collection from patients, second is feature extraction and third one is EEG signal analysis. In feature extraction the stress is to detect epileptic form of activity from the patient collected signals. In signal analysis stage the stress is to get information about the type of the brain tumor. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;}
Amplification Characteristics of Polarization-Maintaining Erbium-Doped Optical Fiber

A polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber (PM-EDF) based on the PANDA (Polarization-maintaining AND Absorption-reducing) type fiber technology has been developed as an amplification medium of a polarization-maintaining optical amplifier for 1550 nm band. Detail amplification and polarization characteristics of the PM-EDF have been evaluated for the first time. The carefully designed PM-EDF amplifies the optical signal with a high gain and low noise figure, keeping the state of polarization through the fiber. The amplification performance of the newly developed PM-EDF is the same as that of the conventional erbium doped amplifiers except the polarization characteristics. The achieved characteristics are 35 dB gain for small signal, 4.8 dB noise figure, 70% slope efficiency, 30 dB of polarization extinction ratio even in a fiber coil of 15 mm in diameter. Polarization hole burning is also reported.
EXTRACELLULAR REGULATORS OF GLIOBLASTOMA SIGNALING

BACKGROUND: Extracellular proteoglycans, including heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), play critical roles in the regulation of neural stem cell signaling and progenitor cell migration via their interactions with extracellular ligands, matrix, and cell receptors and may serve similar purposes in oncogenic states. In glioblastoma (GBM), our studies suggest that proteoglycans regulate critical oncogenic signaling pathways. Here we assess the function of proteoglycans and their alterations that drive GBM, and test the hypothesis that these may represent novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers of disease. METHODS: To investigate the role for proteoglycans in tumorigenesis we used a combination of primary human GBM, primary human GBM cultures, and a murine model for malignant glioma based on the genetic manipulation of neural progenitor cells. GAG structure was elucidated and quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS), an ultra-sensitive and high-resolution technique that can overcome problems associated with low availability of biological samples. RESULTS: In GBM we identified patterns of altered expression of HSPG protein cores and their modifying enzymes relative to non-tumor brain, including the extracellular enzyme SULF2. Indeed, SULF2 is overexpressed in many human GBM and ablation of SULF2 function results in decreased activation of PDGFRα signaling and in decreased tumor growth in vivo. Consistent with a role for SULF2 in PDGFRA signaling in human GBM, SULF2 is upregulated in PDGFRA-amplified compared to non-amplified tumors (p < 0.05, n = 40 amplified, 332 non-amplified). SULF2 reduced HS sulfation, specifically the HS6S component of heparin, as determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) and immunohistochemistry. As HS6S sulfation is an important determinant of HS-ligand binding, we investigated whether SULF2 could alter PDGF binding to HS. While ligand binding was similar, SULF2 was associated with altered expression and cell surface localization of PDGFRA. Thus, SULF2, and possibly HS6S, may regulate PDGFRA signaling via two distinct mechanisms. As HS structure is critical for normal neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, we analyzed HS structure over tumor progression using LCMS. We demonstrate that tumor progression is associated with changes in GAG structure, and we are now using HS mimetics to try to inhibit the oncogenic role for proteoglycans in GBM. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate the functional importance of proteoglycans in GBM and suggest GAG structure may be particularly important for oncogenic signaling. While therapeutic targeting of single RTKs has been difficult in GBM, a drug targeting HS has the potential to simultaneously inhibit multiple oncogenic pathways in tumor cells and disrupt critical tumor-microenvironment interactions. SECONDARY CATEGORY: n/a.
Dynamics of H2 adsorbed in porous materials as revealed by computational analysis of inelastic neutron scattering spectra

The inelastic scattering of neutrons from adsorbed H2 is an effective and highly sensitive method for obtaining molecular level information on the type and nature of H2 binding sites in porous materials. While these inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra of the hindered rotational and translational excitations on the adsorbed H2 contain a significant amount of information, much of this can only be reliably extracted by means of a detailed analysis of the spectra through the utilization of models and theoretical calculations. For instance, the rotational tunneling transitions observed in the INS spectra can be related to a value for the barrier to rotation for the adsorbed H2 with the use of a simple phenomenological model. Since such an analysis is dependent on the model, it is far more desirable to use theoretical methods to compute a potential energy surface (PES), from which the rotational barriers for H2 adsorbed at a particular site can be determined. Rotational energy levels and transitions for the hindered rotor can be obtained by quantum dynamics calculations and compared directly with experiment with an accuracy subject only to the quality of the theoretical PES. In this paper, we review some of the quantum and classical mechanical calculations that have been performed on H2 adsorbed in various porous materials, such as clathrate hydrates, zeolites, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The principal aims of these calculations have been the interpretation of the INS spectra for adsorbed H2 along with the extraction of atomic level details of its interaction with the host. We describe calculations of the PES used for two-dimensional quantum rotation as well as rigorous five-dimensional quantum coupled translation–rotation dynamics, and demonstrate that the combination of INS measurements and computational modeling can provide important and detailed insights into the molecular mechanism of H2 adsorption in porous materials.
Transcription Regulation in Archaea

The known diversity of metabolic strategies and physiological adaptations of archaeal species to extreme environments is extraordinary. Accurate and responsive mechanisms to ensure that gene expression patterns match the needs of the cell necessitate regulatory strategies that control the activities and output of the archaeal transcription apparatus. Archaea are reliant on a single RNA polymerase for all transcription, and many of the known regulatory mechanisms employed for archaeal transcription mimic strategies also employed for eukaryotic and bacterial species. Novel mechanisms of transcription regulation have become apparent by increasingly sophisticated in vivo and in vitro investigations of archaeal species. This review emphasizes recent progress in understanding archaeal transcription regulatory mechanisms and highlights insights gained from studies of the influence of archaeal chromatin on transcription.
The treatment of spermatogenic arrest with arginine.

Eighteen selected infertile patients of arginine, orally, daily. failed to respond significantly to 4 gm
Foundation Law in Hungary

After a short introduction into the Hungarian concept of the foundation in general and a historical overview, the nature of these legal entities is investigated, focusing on the essential feature and importance of the public-benefit requirement as the main purpose.
Dealing with Dates

Real world data are often associated with dates and time; however, dealing with dates accurately can appear to be a complicated task due to the variety in formats and accounting for time-zone differences and leap years. R has a range of functions that allow you to work with dates and times. Furthermore, packages such as lubridate make it easier to work with dates and times.
miR-263a Regulates ENaC to Maintain Osmotic and Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis in Drosophila

Proper regulation of osmotic balance and response to tissue damage is crucial in maintaining intestinal stem cell (ISC) homeostasis. We found that Drosophila miR-263a downregulates the expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits in enterocytes (ECs) to maintain osmotic and ISC homeostasis. In the absence of miR-263a, the intraluminal surface of the intestine displays dehydration-like phenotypes, Na+ levels are increased in ECs, stress pathways are activated in ECs, and ISCs overproliferate. Furthermore, miR-263a mutants have increased bacterial load and expression of antimicrobial peptides. Strikingly, these phenotypes are reminiscent of the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) in which loss-of-function mutations in the chloride channel CF transmembrane conductance regulator can elevate the activity of ENaC, suggesting that Drosophila could be used as a model for CF. Finally, we provide evidence that overexpression of miR-183, the human ortholog of miR-263a, can also directly target the expressions of all three subunits of human ENaC.
Design and development of a true decentralized control architecture for microgrid

Emerging smart grid concept compels microgrids to adopt decentralized methods. Centralized methods of operation are more susceptible to failure due to single point of failure held by the single controller. Decentralized microgrid control architecture is proposed, improving system reliability and avoiding control command transmission over the network. Delays in communications are unpredictable, uncertainty of data exchange delays leads to inaccurate modeling. As solution, Hardware-in-The-Loop platform is developed using real physical communication links and network components, and applying the concept of decentralization dynamically over a network of realtime controllers. The proposed system insures reliable data exchange between controllers and microgrid components. Case study is adopted for testing purposes. Results proves the robustness of the architecture as long as the properties of a true decentralized system is maintained.
Rimozione: un approccio dalle neuroscienze cognitive

Sono passati piu di cento anni da quando Freud ha affermato che i ricordi possono essere dimenticati spingendoli nell’inconscio, e ha chiamato rimozione questo processo. L’esistenza di questo meccanismo e sempre rimasta in discussione, perche si tratta di un fenomeno fortemente connesso a esperienze traumatiche e per le difficolta etiche e pratiche che sorgono quando si tenta di studiarlo in esperimenti controllati. Sulla stampa popolare, persone che non credono ai ricordi rimossi hanno definito la rimozione un “mito”, un pezzo di folclore clinico privo di basi nella realta, un processo per il quale non esiste alcun meccanismo psicologico scientificamente valido. Ma la rimozione, o almeno un comportamento che le assomiglia, viene invece riscontrata spesso, nel rapporto con i pazienti, dagli psicoanalisti e da altri professionisti della salute mentale. Colpisce la distanza tra questi punti di vista sulla rimozione: una distanza che riflette una perdurante disconnessione tra coloro che affermano di osservare il fenomeno o i suoi effetti e coloro che ribadiscono la necessita di precisare e valutare questo costrutto con il massimo rigore. Nel campo della psicologia, sono possibili due modi di comportarsi in presenza di tale persistente conflitto: continuare a seguire tradizioni e opinioni contrastanti, senza risolvere il problema, oppure ricomporre le divergenze tra le diverse prospettive specificando i meccanismi della rimozione in base ai dati empirici sempre piu numerosi sui meccanismi neurali e cognitivi della memoria, e facendo in modo che la rimozione sia testabile sperimentalmente. Ma e mai possibile una scienza della rimozione?
The Brain as Womb in William Shakespeare's Invention

William Shakespeare often figures the process of invention as one of conception. The creation of ideas in Shakespeare's work carries with it associations of generation, pregnancy, and labor. The br...
Paternal dimensions and complexities: Understanding the relationships between parental dyads and fathers’ involvement among Black fathers with criminal records

ABSTRACTThe benefits of fathers’ involvement in their children’s lives are well documented. However, the effect of incarceration, especially among Black families, has contributed to disbanded family bonds. Spells of incarceration disrupt family relationships and having a criminal record, results in formerly incarcerated men being jobless and unable to financially contribute to their families. Fatherhood encompasses more than being the sole household income earner and father involvement is complex, particularly, within contemporary family structures (Jones & Mosher, 2013). Incarceration, especially, among Black fathers has been associated with family dissolution and reduced financial wellbeing (Oliver, 2001; Roberts, 2004; Western & Wildemann, 2009).This study analyzed factors associated with fathers’ involvement with their children among Black fathers with criminal records. Fathers’ involvement was conceptualized using Lamb, Pleck, and Levine’s (1985) Threefold Typology, which included fathers’ level of e...
Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid to Reduce Blood Loss and Transfusion After Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) are associated with significant blood loss and some patients require postoperative blood transfusion. While tranexamic acid has been studied extensively among this population, we tested the hypothesis that epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) can reduce blood loss and transfusion after joint arthroplasty. Methods In April 2014, our Veterans Affairs Medical Center introduced a protocol to administer EACA during THA and TKA. No antifibrinolytics were used previously. We retrospectively compared blood loss and incidence of transfusion among patients who underwent primary arthroplasty in the year before standardized administration of EACA with patients having the same procedures the following year. Blood loss was measured as delta hemoglobin (preoperative hemoglobin − hemoglobin on postoperative day 1). All patients undergoing primary THA or TKA were included. Patients having revision surgery were excluded. Results We identified 185 primary arthroplasty patients from the year before and 184 from the year after introducing the EACA protocol. There were no changes in surgical technique or attending surgeons during this period. Delta hemoglobin was significantly lower in the EACA group (2.7 ± 0.8 mg/dL) compared to the control group (3.4 ± 1.1 mg/dL) (P Conclusion We demonstrated reductions in hemoglobin loss and transfusion following introduction of the EACA protocol in patients undergoing primary arthroplasty. EACA offers a lower cost alternative to TXA for reducing blood loss and transfusion in this population.