cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Migrant Laptops: Extending the Academic Day for the Children of Farm Workers and Their Credit Recovery via Laptops

New and changing technology is embedded in the world we live in. With the advent of new technology come new literacies such as media literacy, information literacy, and computer literacy (Tyner, 2009) and new skills such as critical thinking and problem solving. It becomes clear that parents may not possibly possess these skills and what children learn in school may not be reinforced or practiced in their homes (Tsikalas, 2002). If teachers do not challenge children to look at our society critically and problem solve in an ever-changing and complex world, then an entire generation could be lost (Cuban, 1970). The importance of school and community working together in a “culture of change” (Fullan, 2001) is vital. Migrant's Achieving Success was a qualitative longitudinal study of migrant families who received laptops from their school district in a border community. This case study looked at the families’ expectations, relationships with field coordinators, high school credit recovery using laptops, the l...
Low doses of corticotropin-releasing factor potentiate amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-amino acid polypeptide that is critically involved in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis during stress. In addition, it has been suggested that extrahypothalamic CRF may be important in initiating behavioral responses to stressful events. In the present experiment, we examined the effects of central administration of CRF on amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior. Amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior has been considered as a behavioral strategy to cope with excessive arousal. Low doses of CRF (0.02 and 0.1 μg), administered into the lateral ventricle (ICV), were shown to potentiate amphetamine (4.0 mg/kg; SC)-induced stereotyped behavior, as measured by the Creese and Iversen rating scale and behavioral observations. These low doses of CRF specifically enhanced the tendency for rats to sniff with their heads down 20 min after injection, and induced licking behavior later during testing. In contrast, the rats treated with a higher dose of CRF (0.5 μg, ICV) showed more locomotor activity throughout the test, but did not differ from the saline-treated animals in the intensity of amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior.
Ethics of information technology in the educational system

When microcomputers are introduced into the classroom, they are, in effect, introduced into a complex social system, in which students, parents, teachers, administrators, policy-makers, and vendors all have vested interests and play vital roles.
Theory of complex numbers in structural geology

A system of plane groups based on the theory of complex numbers is established in a hemisphere of a unit radius and certain relationships are derived for lines located in the same plane and in the planes belonging to different complex number planes. An example for the solution of geological field problems with the use of the theory of complex numbers is given.
Toxicity of TiO2, ZrO2, Fe0, Fe2O3, and Mn2O3 nanoparticles to the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The growing application of engineered nanomaterials is leading to an increased occurrence of nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment. Thus, there is a need to better understand their potential impact on the environment. This study evaluated the toxicity of nanosized TiO₂, ZrO₂, Fe(0), Fe₂O₃, and Mn₂O₃ towards the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on O₂ consumption and cell membrane integrity. In addition, the state of dispersion of the nanoparticles in the bioassay medium was characterized. All the nanomaterials showed high tendency to aggregate in the bioassay medium. A non-toxic polyacrylate dispersant was used to improve the NP dispersion stability and test the influence of the aggregation state in their toxicity. Mn₂O₃ NPs showed the highest inhibition of O₂ consumption (50% at 170 mg L(-1)) and cell membrane damage (approximately 30% of cells with compromised membrane at 1000 mg L(-1)), while the other NPs caused low (Fe(0)) or no toxicity (TiO₂, ZrO₂, and Fe₂O₃) to the yeast. Dispersant supplementation decreased the inhibition caused by Mn₂O₃ NPs at low concentrations, which could indicate that dispersant association with the particles may have an impact on the interaction between the NPs and the cells.
Social Emotional Needs: Can the Obsessions of Gifted Students Be Positive Drivers in Their Development?.

Obsession is multifaceted and may be a catalyst for important development of the person. The author discusses the concept of obsession and how educators might successfully guide the young gifted person who experiences obsessive periods.
Continuous-wave diffusion imaging

The problem of imaging the optical absorption or fluorescence source distribution of a highly scattering medium probed by diffusive light is considered. An analytic solution to the image reconstruction problem for a continuous-wave source is presented.
Somatic ALPS: a FAScinating condition.

Consider a patient who presents with lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia and is discovered to have an atypical lymphocyte population with an acquired mutation in a gene crucial to cellular apoptosis. Conventional wisdom suggests this patient has cancer; however, if the somatic mutation is in FAS, then the diagnosis may be ALPS rather than malignancy.
Study of energetic charged particles emitted from thin deuterated palladum foils subject to high current densities

Thin foils of Palladium were implanted with energetic deuterium ions to high density. Energy spectra of energetic particles emitted from the foils were measured as direct electric currents with densities up to about 10 A/cm2 were passed through the foils. Particle groups at energies of about 3 and 5 MeV are observed. The groups are seen to correlate, rougly with the current through the target and with deuteration of the target. At current densities of 10 A/cm2, the yield of the particle groups corresponded reaction rate density of about 50 reactions/(cm3-sec). The source of these groups is still under investigation and we are continuing to examine possible sources of systematic misidentification of misinterpretation.
The Effects of Chlorpromazine and Dextroamphetamine Sulfate On the Visual Stimulation Preference of Extraverts and Introverts

The study was design to assess the hypothesis that preference for visual stimulation is at least in part determined by physiological mechanisms which can be modified by depressant and stimulant drugs. Thirty-six undergraduate females representing stable extroverts and stable introverts were used under diversive and specific exploration paradigms. While the specific exploration paradigm failed to reveal drug effects, the diversive exploration paradigm revealed that preference patterns of introverts were influenced by chlorpromazine, while dextroamphetamine sulfate had no significant effect on the preference patterns of extraverts. The relationship between the RAS, cortical arousal, and preferences for stimulation is discussed.
Control of a PEM Fuel Cell Cooling System

Previous research has assumed that a perfect Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) body temperature manager is available. Maintaining this temperature at a desired value can ensure a high reaction efficiency over all operation. However, fuel cell internal body temperature control has not been specifically presented so far. This work presents such control, using a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) fuel cell cooling system to regulate the internal body temperature of a PEMFC intended for transportation. The cooling system plant is taken from a recently developed hydrogen/air PEMFC total system model. It is linearized and used to design a series of controllers via μ-synthesis. μ-synthesis is chosen since system nonlinearities can be handled as parameter uncertainties. A controller must coordinate the desired fuel cell internal temperature and commanded mass flow rates of the coolant and cooling air. Each linear controller is created for a segment of the expected current density range. Plant parameters are expected to vary over their linearized values in each segment. Also, a common set of μ-synthesis weighting functions has been developed to ease controller design at different operating points. Thus, the nonlinear cooling subsystem can be controlled with a series of current density scheduled linear controllers. Current density step change simulations are presented to compare the controller closed loop performance and open loop response which uses cooling system flow rates taken from an optimal steady state solution of the whole fuel cell system. Furthermore, a closed loop sinusoid response is also given. These show that the closed loop driven internal fuel cell temperature will vary little during operation. However, this will only be true over the range that the cooling system is required to be active.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Predictive Cruise Control With Probabilistic Constraints for Eco Driving

In predictive adaptive cruise control systems, a major challenge is estimating the future driving pattern of the lead car. This paper proposes an adaptive cruise control system that acts more smoothly and fuel efficiently by utilizing probabilistic information of velocity transition of the front car. The car following problem is formulated in a chance constrained model predictive control framework in which the inter-vehicle gap constraints are enforced probabilistically. The probability distribution of the position of the front car is estimated through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. The position probability distribution is then utilized to convert the chance constrained MPC problem to a deterministic linear MPC problem. Two case studies with two real driving cycle profiles are presented to show the potential improvement in fuel economy.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Somatic cell hybrids between totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma and rat hepatoma cells

We have produced somatic cell hybrids between totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma cells and rat hepatoma cells. These hybrids were tested for the expression of liver specific functions expressed in the hepatoma cell parent and for their ability to differentiate when injected into nude mice. The results of this study indicate that hybrid cell clones do not resemble either of the parental cells, since they do not produce albumin and tyrosine aminotransferase that are expressed in the rat hepatoma parent, and are incapable of forming either teratocarcinomas or hepatomas when injected in experimental animals.
Laryngeal adduction in resonant voice

Summary The primary question in this study was whether subjects with nodules and subjects with healthy larynges would produce “resonant voice” with a similar laryngeal configuration. A second question regarded whether the electroglottographic closed quotient (EGG CQ) could be used to noninvasively distinguish resonant from other voice types. Twelve adult singers and actors served as subjects, including 6 persons with healthy larynges and 6 persons with nodules. Performers were used as an attempt to maximize token validity and stability. Subjects produced repeated tokens of resonant, pressed, normal, and breathy voice during sustained vowels. Laryngeal adduction was directly estimated using blinded, ordinal, visual-perceptual ratings based on videoscopic views of the larynx. EGG CQs were further calculated based on separate trials. The perceptual ratings indicated that subjects in both groups produced resonant voice with a barely adducted or barely abducted laryngeal configuration that was distinct from configurations for pressed and breathy (but not normal) voice. Previous literature suggests that this configuration may be relevant in many cases of voice therapy (I). Average CQs distinguished resonant from pressed voice, but inconsistently distinguished resonant from breathy voice. Further CQs were reliably different across healthy subjects and subjects with nodules. Thus, the utility of this measure to noninvasively estimate resonant voice may be limited, particularly without ongoing subject-specific calibration procedures.
Adsorption of 2,2′-bipyridine cadmium (II) complexes at mercury electrodes

Summary When Cd(II) is complexed with 2,2′-bipyridine the complex adsorbs on electrodes. The adsorption is moderate in fluoride electrolytes but greatly enhanced by nitrate anions which appear to engage in rather strong ion pairing with the complex. In nitrate solutions the electrochemical reduction of the unadsorbed complex is inhibited by the layer of adsorbed complex until it is destroyed by reduction to Cd(Hg). A variety of adsorption data are presented which suggest, but do not prove, that the adsorbing complex consists of one Cd(II) ion, two 2,2′-bipyridine ligands and two nitrate anions.
Recognition of Syntactic Structure by Computer

THE recent article concerning computer simulation1 is refuted by its first sentence. As the first condition for an acceptable simulation of the way in which human beings recognize syntactic structure, the authors say “an analyser must not be dependent on looking up every word of an input sentence in a dictionary”. To meet this condition a dictionary is used which contains information “only about those words with fixed syntactic functions and about suffixes”. “With this dictionary alone, infinitely many English sentences can be analysed.” Unfortunately, there are also “infinitely many” sentences which cannot be analysed in this way. The first sentence of the article is one such sentence.
A guide to screening newborn infants for inborn errors of metabolism.

Summary In principle, screening of all newborn and older infants and children for inborn errors of metabolism makes good sense; and for some diseases there is a considerable financial and social inducement to do so. New techniques must be evaluated in pilot studies in order to establish the frequency of a disease and its clinical variation. Most of the biochemical diseases considered here are rare, whereas some conditions such as hypoglycemia, cretinism, and urinary tract infections are common in comparison and can be equally serious. We should strive for methods aimed at solving common medical problems in addition to having tests for rare and esoteric disorders. No metabolic screening program should be started without adequate facilities for clinical evaluation and follow-up and until the capacity to evaluate its results and to interpret them intelligently has been established. The optimum program for screening for biochemical disorders has not yet been defined; it would certainly vary in different geographic areas. Using the methods which are currently available, a possible schedule is given in Table VI. This schedule would not detect most of the diseases which cause symptoms shortly after birth (such as maple syrup urine disease and other diseases associated with ketoacidosis or with hyperammonemia). This program would need to be supplemented by amino acid chromatography of samples from those babies who become ill in the first month of life with a disorder which is not otherwise readily identified. This schedule would have the advantage of involving physicians more in the results of the screening program.
Crowd-powered positive psychological interventions

Recent advances in crowdsourcing have led to new forms of assistive technologies, commonly referred to as crowd-powered devices. To best serve the user, these technologies crowdsource human intelligence as needed, when automated methods alone are insufficient. In this paper, we provide an overview of how these systems work and how they can be used to enhance technological interventions for positive psychology. As a specific example, we describe previous work that crowdsources positive reappraisals, providing users timely and personalized suggestions for ways to reconstrue stressful thoughts and situations. We then describe how this approach could be extended for use with other positive psychological interventions. Finally, we outline future directions for crowd-powered positive psychological interventions.
Commercial space transportation regulation and its effects on space safety

Safety in space will become an increasingly important issue as the number of foreign space programs grow, and as the U.S. private sector increases its space activities. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is the federal agency responsible, under the Commercial Space launch Act of 1984, with regulation of the U.S. commercial space transportation industry in order to protect public health and safety, and safety of property. This paper discusses how the regulatory and licensing responsibilities of the Office of Commercial Space Transportation influence the safety of private sector launch operations in space. Of particular interest are impacts and benefits for commercial space services providers resulting from the government's safety research and technical safety evaluations.
Withdrawal from butorphanol dependence alters binding of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate to protein kinase C, but not of [3H]forskolin to adenylate cyclase.

Abstract The time course of autoradiographic binding of major second messengers in the rat brain was studied at 2, 7, and 24 h after withdrawal from butorphanol infusion. [ 3 H ]Forskolin and [ 3 H ]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) were used to label adenylate cyclase and protein kinase C (PKC), respectively. Rats were rendered dependent by intracerebroventricular infusion of butorphanol (26 nmol μl −1 h −1 ) via osmotic minipumps for 3 days. Withdrawal was initiated by abrupt cessation of the butorphanol infusion. The levels of [ 3 H ]forskolin binding were not changed at any time or in any brain area, except for an increase following 7 h of withdrawal in the brainstem only. The levels of [ 3 H ]PDBu binding were significantly increased (13–47%) in multiple areas of the rat brain following 7 h of withdrawal from butorphanol infusion. These findings suggest that the phosphoinositide cycle system is more susceptible to alteration during butorphanol dependence than is the adenylate cyclase system in the rat brain.
African American public opinion: past, present, and future research

The study of African American public opinion has evolved from scholarly research published in the 1960s and 1970s. Over the past several decades, political scientists have relied heavily on data fr...
Control of Majorana Edge Modes by a g-factor Engineered Nanowire Spin Transistor

which is dual to the fractional Josephson eect. We establish relation between torques and spin-currents in the non-topological region where the magnetic eld is almost zero and spin is conserved along the spin-orbit eld direction. The angular momentum transfer could be detected by sensitive magnetic resonance force microscopy techniques.
Cable-Based Lunar Transportation System

The establishment of an efficient transportation system is key to any human development on Earth or in space. Different technologies for transporting humans and goods have been developed, the diversity of which indicates that individual concepts have specific strengths and weaknesses. So far, transportation on the Moon has utilized a wheel-based vehicle, the lunar rover. Present concepts for transporting goods and people in a lunar base of the future are generally based on using wheels and traction. While such systems have many advantages for a variety of applications, the hauling of heavy goods will require the preparation of stable and trafficable roadways, a challenging and potentially expensive undertaking. This paper presents an alternative based on using one of the fundamental means to move objects, namely ropes and cables. Because of their inherent characteristics, ropes have been used to lift and haul heavy loads for long distances with high levels of reliability. This mature and constantly perfected technology, not well known in this car-oriented society, has been investigated for its use as a true alternative to the traditional wheel-based transportation systems. As will be shown, innovative applications of cable-based technologies may in effect provide many opportunities to leverage the differences between the Earth and the Moon for the purpose of creating efficient engineering products.
Rigid versus Flexible Ligands on Carbon Nanotubes for the Enhanced Sensitivity of Cobalt Ions

Carbon nanotubes have shown great promise in the fabrication of ultracompact and highly sensitive chemical and biological sensors. Additional chemical functionalization schemes can controllably improve selectivity of the carbon nanotube-based sensors; however, the exact transduction mechanism is still under debate. In this article we detail the synthesis and selective response of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) functionalized with polyazomethine (PAM) polymer toward the application of a specific trace metal ion detector. The response of the polymer system was compared to shape persistent macrocycle (MAC) comprised of identical ion coordination ligands. While ion detection with rigid MAC/SWNT chemiresistor was comparable to bare SWNT, flexible PAM offers significant SWNT signal amplification, allowing for picomolar detection of Co2+ ions with both selectivity and a fast response. We hypothesized that rearrangement of the flexible PAM on the SWNT network is a sensing mechanism which allows for ultras...
Metabolism of the steroid hormones; studies on 17-ketosteroids and androgens.

This communication is concerned with the influence of gonadeetomy, adrenalectomy and the combined operations of gonadectomy and adrenalectomy in male and female monkeys on the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and androgens. The report is also concerned with the possible conversion of desoxycorticosterone and adrenal cortical steroids in whole extracts to 17-ketosteroids in gonadectomized- adrenalectomized monkeys, in an ovariectomized chimpanzee and in four men and a woman. SUBJECTS, ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects consisted of four patients with Addison’s disease, three men and one woman, and one hypogonadal male. Clinical studies on the four Addison’s disease patients have been published (Shipley, 1944). Five male and four female rhesus monkeys were used. Four of the animalshad been in the laboratory for about four years and were in good health. The remaining five were purchased from animal dealers and were in good health on arrival at the laboratory. None ofthe nine monkeys showed signs...
Bioluminescence regenerative cycle (BRC) system for nucleic acid quantification assays

A new label-free methodology for nucleic acid quantification has been developed where the number of pyrophosphate molecules (PPi) released during polymerization of the target nucleic acid is counted and correlated to DNA copy number. The technique uses the enzymatic complex of ATP-sulfurylase and firefly luciferase to generate photons from PPi. An enzymatic unity gain positive feedback is also implemented to regenerate the photon generation process and compensate any decay in light intensity by self regulation. Due to this positive feedback, the total number of photons generated by the bioluminescence regenerative cycle (BRC) can potentially be orders of magnitude higher than typical chemiluminescent processes. A system level kinetic model that incorporates the effects of contaminations and detector noise was used to show that the photon generation process is in fact steady and also proportional to the nucleic acid quantity. Here we show that BRC is capable of detecting quantities of DNA as low as 1 amol (10-18 mole) in 40μlit aqueous solutions, and this enzymatic assay has a controllable dynamic range of 5 orders of magnitude. The sensitivity of this technology, due to the excess number of photons generated by the regenerative cycle, is not constrained by detector performance, but rather by possible PPi or ATP (adenosine triphosphate) contamination, or background bioluminescence of the enzymatic complex.
PASTEURIZATION OF BEER BY A CONTINUOUS DENSE-PHASE CO2 SYSTEM

Effects on beer quality were studied after pasteurization by a continuous dense-phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) system. Changes in haze formation, foaming capacity and stability, and objective and subjective aroma and flavor were evaluated, after validation of a 5-log reduction in yeast populations. A maximum log reduction in yeast populations of 7.38 logs was predicted at 26.5 MPa, 21°C, 9.6% CO2, and 4.77 min residence time. Haze was reduced by DPCD pasteurization from 146 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) to 95 NTU. At this same treatment combination, aroma and flavor of beer sample means were not considered significantly different (P= 0.3415) from fresh beer sample means when evaluated in a difference from control test, using fresh beer as the reference. Foam capacity and stability were affected minimally by CO2 processing; however, changes would most likely be unnoticed by consumers.
A model for bicultural assertion training with asian-pacific american college students: A pilot study

Abstract This article describes a pilot study of a bicultural assertion training group for Asian-Pacific American college students. Implications for culture-specific group work are discussed.
Phosphorus in sediments of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada (California): implications for internal phosphorus loading

In high-elevation lakes of the Sierra Nevada (California), increases in phosphorus (P) supply have been inferred from changes in phytoplankton growth during summer. To quantify rates of sediment P release to high-elevation Sierran lakes, we performed incubations of sediment cores under ambient and reducing conditions at Emerald Lake and analyzed long-term records of lake chemistry for Emerald and Pear lakes. We also measured concentrations of individual P forms in sediments from 50 Sierra Nevada lakes using a sequential fractionation procedure to examine landscape controls on P forms in sediments. On average, the sediments contained 1,445 µg P g−1, of which 5 % was freely exchangeable, 13 % associated with reducible metal hydroxides, 68 % associated with Al hydroxides, and the remaining 14 % stabilized in recalcitrant pools. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that sediment P fractions were not well correlated with soluble P concentrations. In general, sediments behaved as net sinks for P even under reducing conditions. Our findings suggest that internal P loading does not explain the increase in P availability observed in high-elevation Sierran lakes. Rather, increased atmospheric P inputs and increased P supply via dissolved organic C leaching from soils may be driving the observed changes in P biogeochemistry.
Neutrophils mediate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet through secreted elastase

Chronic low-grade adipose tissue and liver inflammation is a major cause of systemic insulin resistance and is a key component of the low degree of insulin sensitivity that exists in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Immune cells, such as macrophages, T cells, B cells, mast cells and eosinophils, have all been implicated as having a role in this process. Neutrophils are typically the first immune cells to respond to inflammation and can exacerbate the chronic inflammatory state by helping to recruit macrophages and by interacting with antigen-presenting cells. Neutrophils secrete several proteases, one of which is neutrophil elastase, which can promote inflammatory responses in several disease models. Here we show that treatment of hepatocytes with neutrophil elastase causes cellular insulin resistance and that deletion of neutrophil elastase in high-fat-diet–induced obese (DIO) mice leads to less tissue inflammation that is associated with lower adipose tissue neutrophil and macrophage content. These changes are accompanied by improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity. Taken together, we show that neutrophils can be added to the extensive repertoire of immune cells that participate in inflammation-induced metabolic disease.
On the Paging Performance of Array Algorithms

Data paging is of primary concern for problems with large data bases and for many types of array problems. We show that prepaging reduces the paging problems of array algorithms operating on large arrays. We also show that the use of a submatrix algorithm considerably improves the locality. Finally, we consider methods of automating these performance-improvement techniques by means of a compiler in the context of a structured array language.
Self-Consistent Treatment of Kondo's Effect in Dilute Alloys

We investigate how conduction electrons in dilute alloys are affected by the exchange interaction with localized spins of impurities. It is shown that, if the interaction is antiferromagnetic, the perturbational treatment breaks down below a critical temperature, and that near the Fermi surface there appears a quasibound state between the conduction-electron spin and the localized spin. Because of the appearance of this quasibound state, the resistivity increases with decreasing temperature, but has a finite value at $T=0$. There is no logarithmic term in the resistivity at low temperatures, in contrast to Kondo's theory of the resistance minimum. There also appears an anomaly in the specific heat at low temperatures.
Classification of 486 isomerizations among 7212C/13C isotopomers of cyclic C7

Isotopic rules are studied for calculated vibrational frequencies of all possible 7212C/13C isotopomers of the C7 cluster of the C2v symmetry. The isotopomers can undergo 486 isomerizations which are decomposed into 27 subclasses using properties of sums of the squares of the vibrational frequencies.
Defining a minimum pharmacophore for simocyclinone D8 disruption of DNA gyrase binding to DNA

The increasing occurrence of drug-resistant bacterial infections in the clinic has created a need for new antibacterial agents. Natural products have historically been a rich source of both antibiotics and lead compounds for new antibacterial agents. The natural product simocyclinone D8 (SD8) has been reported to inhibit DNA gyrase, a validated antibacterial drug target, by a unique catalytic inhibition mechanism of action. In this work, we have used a deconstruction-reconstruction approach to prepare analogs of the coumarin subunit of SD8 and evaluated their ability to disrupt binding of the DNA gyrase enzyme to DNA in a surface plasmon resonance assay. This has led to a minimum pharmacophore required for disruption of binding.
Data interpretation: deciphering the biological function of Type 2 diabetes associated risk loci

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex multifactorial disorder with more than 40 loci associated with disease susceptibility. Most of these genome-wide significant loci reside in noncoding regions, it is important to decipher the potential regulatory function of these variants and to differentiate between true and tag signals. Nowadays, databases are being developed to study and predict the function of these associated variants, and RegulomeDB is one such database. We used RegulomeDB to analyze the potential function of the associated variants reported in five genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T2D. We investigated the 1,567 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with 989 SNPs with a score of 1–6. Of those 989 SNPs, only 64 returned with RegulomeDB score <3 (evidence of regulatory function), and only four of these were GWAS significant SNPs (THADA/rs10203174, score = 1b; UBE2E2/rs7612463, score = 2a; ARAP1/rs1552224 and TP53INP1/rs8996852, score = 2b). But only 63 % of the annotated SNPs showed regulatory function that is an important limitation of the RegulomeDB as this database only provides information of few regulatory elements. This study further supports that some of the noncoding GWAS variants are the true associations and not the tag ones. This study also proves the utility and importance of the RegulomeDB and other such databases. Although it is an extensive database of regulatory elements but has certain limitation due to utilization of only few types of regulatory elements and pathways.
Reparación endovascular de fístula aortocava crónica mediante endoprótesis de aórtica torácica

Los traumatismos abdominales penetrantes con lesion de la aorta y vena cava suelen requerir una intervencion urgente y, con frecuencia, son letales. La formacion de una fistula aortocava (FAC) cronica es una complicacion tardia poco frecuente de estas lesiones. Describimos un caso de FAC que debuto 17 anos despues de una herida de bala en el abdomen, cuyo sintoma de presentacion fue una insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva progresiva. La FAC se trato satisfactoriamente con una endoprotesis de aorta toracica.
Costs and benefits of employment transportation for low-wage workers: An assessment of job access public transportation services

This paper focuses on an evaluation of public transportation-based employment transportation (ET) services to transport low-wage workers to jobs in the US. We make an attempt to capture a more comprehensive range of intended and unintended outcomes of ET services than those traditionally considered in the case of public transportation services. Using primary data from 23 locations across the country, we present a framework to evaluate how transportation improvements, in interaction with labor markets, can affect users' short-run economic welfare, users' long-run human capital accumulation and non-users' short-run economic welfare. These services were partially funded by a specialized program - the Job Access and Reverse Commute (JARC) program - which was consolidated into larger transit funding programs by recent legislation. In the sites examined, we found that low wage users benefited from self-reported increased access to jobs, improvements in earnings potential, as well as from savings in transport cost and time. Simulations show the potential of users to accrue long-term worklife benefits. At the same time, users may have accrued changes in leisure time as a result of transitioning from unemployment to employment, and generated a range of societal impacts on three classes of non-users: the general tax-paying public, the general commuting public in the service operating area and other low-wage workers in local labor markets.
Transforming the Acquisition Enterprise: A Framework for Analysis and a Case Study of Ship Acquisition

The acquisition of public sector complex systems is time-consuming, very expensive, and rife with uncertainties. The enterprise associated with acquisition is an excellent candidate for transformation— fundamental change to achieve substantially higher levels of value. This paper argues that choosing among alternative transformation initiatives should be based on an enterprise-wide perspective as well as systematic economic valuation of the alternative investments. An options-based methodology for assessing the economic value of alternative initiatives is presented and illustrated in the context of military ship building. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 10: 99– 117, 2007
Suicide in mood disordered children and adolescents.

This article reviews the risk factors for fatal and nonfatal suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. Numerous empirical studies suggest that mood disorders are among the most important risk factors for youth suicidal behavior. In addition, other psychosocial factors increase risk for youth suicidal behavior independent of mood disorders. Prevention strategies for suicidal behavior should incorporate methods to identify children and adolescents who suffer from major depressive, dysthymic, and bipolar disorders. Such strategies should identify children and adolescents who have a history of suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempts. Language: en
Obesity and Inpatient Rehabilitation Outcomes Following Knee Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Study

Objective: This multicenter study examined whether inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were influenced by BMI. Methods and Procedures: This was a retrospective, comparative study conducted using a computerized medical database and medical records derived from TKA patients, at 15 independent rehabilitation hospitals (N = 5,428). Patients were separated into four groups based on BMI: non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), moderately obese (30–40 kg/m2), severely obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). All patients completed an interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation program post-TKA. Total and individual functional independence measure (FIM) scores, length of stay (LOS), FIM efficiency scores, itemized hospital charges, and discharge disposition location, were collected. Results: The percentage of total FIM change was 7.5% greater by the time of discharge in the non-obese than in the very severely obese (P < 0.05). FIM efficiency was lowest in the severely obese as compared to the remaining groups (3.7 points (pts)/day vs. 4.0–4.3 pts/day; P = 0.044). The change in the motor FIM score from admission to discharge was 6.7–15.6% greater in the non-obese than in the remaining groups (P < 0.05). The changes in cognition FIM, toilet transfer and walking without assistance scores were higher in the non-obese as compared to the severely obese group (P < 0.05). The severely obese group had higher total, physical and occupational therapy and pharmacy charges than the remaining groups (P < 0.05). Discussion: An excessive BMI does not prevent gains during inpatient rehabilitation; however, these gains are made less efficiently and at a higher cost than those made when the BMI is low.
An order selection criterion via simultaneous estimation/detection theory

Shows that optimal joint estimation and detection theory developed by Hero and Kim (see Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, and Sig. Proc. P.2759, 1990) can be used to obtain an order selection criterion which optimizes parameter estimation performance under a constraint on false alarms P/sub FA/ >
Ethics and the gender equality dilemma for U.s. Multinationals

U.S. multinational enterprises must now follow the policies of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in their overseas operations, at least with respect to U.S. expatriate employees. Doing so in a culture which discourages gender equality in the workplace raises difficult issues, both practically and ethically. Vigorously importing U.S. attitudes toward gender-equality into a social culture such as Japan or Saudi Arabia may seem “ethnocentric,” a version of “ethical imperialism.” Yet adapting to host country norms risks a kind of “moral relativism.” This article supports the view that MNEs which promote workplace equality in a host country such as Japan, which is actively involved in the international economic and political community, is not “ethical imperialism” in any pejorative sense and is preferable to a moral relativism or social contract approach. We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, and endowed by their creator with certain rights — life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. U.S. Declaration of Independence, 1776 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
Degradation and failure modes of 26-year-old 200 kW power plant in a hot-dry desert climate

The primary focus of this paper is the reliability / failure evaluation of a 26-year-old photovoltaic (PV) monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) system located in Phoenix, Arizona (a hot-dry desert condition). This 4000-frameless-module bipolar system was originally installed in August 1985 with a rated capacity of 175 kW (17° fixed south tilt). This paper presents only the degradation and failure modes, and the degradation rate and its determination of this power plant is presented in another/twin paper of this conference. The results obtained from the extensive visual inspections and other non-intrusive tests made on the entire plant were used to determine the degradation and wear-out failure modes. The encapsualnt browning, cell gridline blossoming, cell-ribbon solder bond degradation, ribbon/metal-strip (copper) attachment degradation/break outside the modules, cell cracks and backsheet delamination have been determined to be the degradation and/or wear-out failure modes of these 26 years old modules in this specific hot-dry desert climate.
Abstract B41: Methylome profiling identifies unique patterns of DNA methylation in endometrial cancers

Introduction: DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic mark often perturbed during carcinogenesis. Growing evidence demonstrates a role for DNA methylation both as a regulator of gene expression and as a potential biomarker. Widespread accumulation of methylation in regulatory elements in certain cancers (termed the CpG island methylator phenotype) may play a role in carcinogenesis. Few studies, however, have investigated genome-wide methylation in a clinical cohort, as the methodology for analyzing these large datasets remains poorly developed. Endometrial cancer is the most common female gynecological cancer in the US, with sporadic endometrioid as the predominant subtype. Methods: This study profiles the methylomes of 76 sporadic endometrioid endometrial primary tumors and 12 normal endometrium using sequenced methylated fragments captured by the MBD protein (MethylCap-seq). Results: Analysis of bulk methylation in promoter CpG islands (CGI) identified a subset of tumors with a putative methylator phenotype. We are currently developing a gene signature to more easily detect endometrial tumors with a methylator phenotype, perform cross-platform analyses, and further characterize clinicopathological variables associated with the phenotype. We have also developed a pipeline for quality analysis and show that exclusion of poor quality samples increases statistical power to call differential methylation and reduces analysis artifacts. Conclusion: The results of our study highlight MethylCap-seq as a useful tool for profiling methylation patterns in large clinical datasets. Citation Format: Michael P. Trimarchi, Pearlly S. Yan, Kun Huang, Joanna Groden, Ralf Bundschuh, Paul J. Goodfellow. Methylome profiling identifies unique patterns of DNA methylation in endometrial cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B41.
Evaluation of content and accessibility of hand fellowship websites.

Background Graduates of general, orthopedic, and plastic surgery residencies utilize web-based resources when applying for hand fellowship training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accessibility and content of hand fellowship websites (HFWs).
Recovery of RNA synthesis from the DHFR gene following UV-irradiation precedes the removal of photolesions from the transcribed strand

It is thought that recovery of RNA synthesis following UV-irradiation is closely related to the removal of UV-induced lesions from the transcribed strand of active genes. To test this hypothesis, nascent RNA synthesis from three different locations within the DHFR gene in CHO cells was assessed following exposure to UV light (254 nm). Using both in vivo RNA labeling as well as the nuclear run-on technique, it was found that RNA synthesis from the middle and the 3'-end of the gene was inhibited within 20 min by approximately 30 and 70%, respectively, while RNA synthesis from the 5'-end of the DHFR gene was enhanced. RNA synthesis from the middle portion of the gene fully recovered within 30-45 min of post-UV incubation, while recovery was slower from the 3'-end of the gene. Compared with previously published data for the kinetics of removal of UV-induced DNA lesions from the 5'-half of the DHFR gene in these cells, it is concluded that RNA synthesis resumed significantly faster in this region than could be accounted for by the removal of photolesions from the transcribed strand. Thus, although RNA synthesis was initially inhibited by UV-induced photolesions, the results suggest that RNA polymerase II was able to bypass these lesions prior to their removal.
Aqueous humor dynamics in monkeys after topical 8-iso PGE(2).

PURPOSE To determine in normotensive cynomolgus monkeys, the effects of topical 8-iso prostaglandin (PG)E(2) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor formation (AHF), uveoscleral outflow (Fu), and total and trabecular outflow facility. METHODS IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry under ketamine anesthesia after single or twice-daily topical treatments with 8-iso PGE(2). With animals under pentobarbital anesthesia, AHF and flow to blood (equated to trabecular outflow) were determined by anterior chamber perfusion with radioactively labeled albumin solution. Fu and trabecular outflow facility were calculated from these measurements. Total outflow facility was measured by two-level, constant-pressure perfusion. RESULTS IOP was not significantly changed after single or multiple 10- micro g doses of 8-iso PGE(2). The 25- micro g dose significantly decreased IOP by 2 to 3 mm Hg compared to the contralateral vehicle-treated control 4 to 6 hours after a single dose and by 3 to 5 mm Hg within 1.5 hours after twice-daily treatments for 4 to 5 days. Total outflow facility corrected for control eye washout was increased by an apparent 37% (P < 0.02, n = 7) from 2 to 3.5 hours after the ninth dose, largely due to outlier values obtained in one monkey. Isotope studies performed after twice-daily treatments totaling 9 to 29 doses showed no change in AHF, trabecular outflow facility, or total outflow facility. Relative to AHF, trabecular outflow was significantly decreased, and the calculated Fu was significantly increased when all data were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The present findings are consistent with lowering of IOP by 8-iso PGE(2), primarily by increasing Fu. A direct effect on the trabecular meshwork was not indicated by these in vivo studies.
Forensic Investigation of Failed Airfield Test Pavements

Field and laboratory forensic studies were conducted to investigate the failure mechanisms of four different flexible test pavement sections at the Federal Aviation Administration's National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF), a state-of-the-art full scale pavement test facility dedicated solely to airport pavement research. The first set of test pavements constructed at the NAPTF included a total of nine test sections (six flexible and three rigid) built on three different subgrade materials: low-strength, mediumstrength, and high-strength. All test sections, except the high-strength test sections, were subjected to simulated repeated aircraft loading until the test sections were deemed to be failed. After the completion of traffic testing, trenches were dug in each of the flexible test sections to conduct post-traffic investigations into the failure mechanism of the pavement structures. Forensic tests conducted on the pavement component layers during trenching included CBR, in situ densities and moisture contents, and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) tests. Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) tests were conducted on the test sections before the trenches were dug. This paper focuses on trench investigations conducted on low-strength subgrade test sections. In the low-strength subgrade test sections, rutting was observed in the AC layer, unbound base and subbase layers in both the traffic paths. Shoving occurred in the AC layer.