cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrolytic degradation of bio-based polyesters: Effect of pH and time

Abstract A hydrolytic degradation study of two bio-based polyesters, poly(trimethylene malonate) (PTM) and poly(trimethylene itaconate) (PTI) with bimodal molecular weight distribution, was performed in aqueous solutions adjusted to pH values from ∼5.5 to 11. Final weight loss varied from 20 to 37 wt% for PTM and from 7 to 21 wt% for PTI as a function of degradation time and initial solution pH. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to monitor ester bond concentration of these bioplastics, and the molecular weights and polydispersity index were obtained by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC). Solutions with lower initial pH values resulted in lower molecular weights for both PTM and PTI after one week of degradation. Degradation especially affected the amorphous region, leading to an increase in crystallinity of PTI samples.
Terminal Complement Blockade after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Is Safe without Meningococcal Vaccination

Abstract Eculizumab inhibits terminal complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and is now used as a first-line therapy in these diseases. Eculizumab is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) because of an increased risk of meningococcal infections in persons without adequate functional complement. Administration of meningococcal vaccine is required at least 2 weeks before administering the first dose of eculizumab, and this advice is included in the product label. Eculizumab use for treatment of TMA in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients brings a significant dilemma regarding REMS required meningococcal vaccination. TMA after HSCT usually occurs within the first 100 days after transplantation when patients are severely immunocompromised and are not able to mount a response to vaccines. We evaluated 30 HSCT recipients treated with eculizumab for high-risk TMA without meningococcal vaccine. All patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis adequate for Neisseria meningitides during eculizumab therapy and for 8 weeks after discontinuation of the drug. Median time to TMA diagnosis was 28 days after transplant (range, 13.8 to 48.5). Study subjects received a median of 14 eculizumab doses (range, 2 to 38 doses) for HSCT-associated TMA therapy. There were no incidences of meningococcal infections. The incidences of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections were similar in patients treated with eculizumab (n = 30) as compared with those with HSCT-associated TMA who did not receive any complement blocking therapy (n = 39). Our data indicate that terminal complement blockade in the early post-transplant period can be performed without meningococcal vaccination while using appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis until complement function is restored after therapy completion.
Test and Analysis on Low Frequency Oscillation Damping Control in TCSC Project for 220 kV Transmission Line from Cheng County to Bikou in Gansu Province

The thyristor controlled series compensation(TCSC)project for 220kV transmission line from Cheng County to Bikou(abbr.Cheng-Bi transmission line)in Gansu Province is the first domestic-manufactured demonstration project of TCSC in China.The Longnan regional power network in Gansu province is a typical long distance power transmission system with weak sending end,as soon as this system has a little bit of disturbance or the active power output of generating units increases,low frequency oscillation will occur.As the first on-site test to repress low frequency power oscillation by TCSC in the world,the authors propose a control scheme to damp the low frequency oscillation occurred in Cheng-Bi transmission line by use of power system stabilizer(PSS)and TCSC.Results of on-site tests show that by means of TCSC the low frequency oscillation in Chen-Bi transmission line can be effectively repressed and the coordination between TCSC and PSS can be implemented.
Age-related increase in awakenings: impaired consolidation of nonREM sleep at all circadian phases.

Study objectives (1) To assess the circadian and sleep-dependent regulation of the frequency and duration of awakenings in young and older people; (2) to determine whether age-related deterioration of sleep consolidation is related to an increase in the frequency or duration of awakenings; (3) to determine whether pre-awakening sleep structure is preferentially enriched by REM sleep or nonREM sleep and (4) to determine whether sleep structure prior to awakenings is affected by age. Design Between age-group comparison of sleep consolidation and sleep structure preceding awakenings. Setting Environmental Scheduling Facility, General Clinical Research Center. Participants Eleven healthy young men (21-30 years) and 13 older healthy men (n=9) and women (n=4) (64-74 years). Interventions Forced desynchrony between the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms by scheduling of the rest-activity cycle to 28-h for 21-25 cycles. Measurements and results Circadian and sleep-dependent regulation of the frequency and duration of awakenings and of sleep structure preceding awakenings were assessed in 482 sleep episodes (9h 20 min each). The circadian modulation of wakefulness within sleep episodes was primarily related to a variation in the duration of awakenings. In contrast, the age-related reduction of sleep consolidation was primarily related to an increase in the frequency of awakenings. Whereas in both young and older subjects pre-awakening sleep contained more REM sleep than overall sleep, this enrichment of REM sleep (i.e., the gating of wakefulness by REM sleep) was diminished in older people. In older people, preawakening sleep contained more nonREM sleep and stage two sleep in particular, than in young people. Conclusions At all circadian phases, the age-related reduction of sleep consolidation is primarily related to a reduction in the consolidation of nonREM sleep.
Nanoparticle-Mediated, Light-Induced Phase Separations

Nanoparticles that both absorb and scatter light, when dispersed in a liquid, absorb optical energy and heat a reduced fluid volume due to the combination of multiple scattering and optical absorption. This can induce a localized liquid–vapor phase change within the reduced volume without the requirement of heating the entire fluid. For binary liquid mixtures, this process results in vaporization of the more volatile component of the mixture. When subsequently condensed, these two steps of vaporization and condensation constitute a distillation process mediated by nanoparticles and driven by optical illumination. Because it does not require the heating of a large volume of fluid, this process requires substantially less energy than traditional distillation using thermal sources. We investigated nanoparticle-mediated, light-induced distillation of ethanol-H2O and 1-propanol-H2O mixtures, using Au–SiO2 nanoshells as the absorber-scatterer nanoparticle and nanoparticle-resonant laser irradiation to drive the...
Jim Crow North

When post-Reconstruction White leaders in the South set out to undo the previous efforts to provide basic rights to Blacks, they were confident that they could do so because “the racial attitudes of the great majority of Northerners were not much different from their own.”1 In fact, racial segregation of schools is an invention of the North and of Canada, not of the South, and one of long standing. In colonial Philadelphia, in 1740, “a Mr. Bolton was arraigned … for teaching blacks in his private-venture school,” though he was able to defend this practice in court.2
Visualizing Emergent Identity of Assemblages in the Consumer Internet of Things: A Topological Data Analysis Approach

The identity of a consumer Internet of Things (IoT) assemblage emerges through a historical process of ongoing interactions among consumers, smart devices, and digital information. Topological Data Analysis (TDA), consistent with mathematical aspects of assemblage theory, is used to visualize the underlying possibility space from which individual IoT assemblages emerge.
Data-Driven Modeling and Analysis Framework for Cockpit Human–Machine Interaction Issues

As the level of automation within an aircraft increases, the interactions between the pilot and autopilot play a crucial role in its proper operation. Issues with human–machine interactions have been cited as one of the main causes behind many aviation accidents. The complex nature of a pilot’s interactions with an autopilot system makes it challenging to identify all possible actions that may lead to an human–machine interaction-related incident. In this paper, a data-driven analysis tool is proposed to detect and categorize potential human–machine interaction issues in large-scale flight operational quality assurance datasets. The proposed tool is developed using a multilevel clustering framework, where a set of basic clustering techniques are combined with a consensus-based approach to group human–machine interaction events and create a data-driven model from the flight operational quality assurance data. The proposed framework is able to effectively compress a large dataset into a small set of represe...
Varying Degrees of Temporoparietal Hypometabolism on FDG-PET Reveal Amyloid-Positive Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia is not a Homogeneous Clinical Entity.

Background The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) manifests due to a breakdown of the language network with prominent hypometabolism of the left temporoparietal region. LvPPA is strongly associated with amyloid deposition, yet there is question as to whether it is a homogeneous clinical entity. Objective This study investigated whether differences in temporoparietal metabolic patterns on 18F fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) could elucidate brain regions preferentially affected in lvPPA. Method We used differences in FDG-PET metabolic z-scores relative to controls for means of left lateral temporal, left inferior parietal, and left superior parietal regions to classify 53 amyloid-positive lvPPA patients into temporal, parietal, or temporoparietal predominate groups. Clinical features and FDG-PET regions of hypometabolism outside of the temporoparietal region were then compared across the three groups; the latter using statistical parametric mapping. Results Of the 53 lvPPA patients, 15 were classified as temporal, 14 as temporoparietal, and 22 as parietal predominate. There were no significant differences between the groups on demographic measures, language evaluation, or apolipoprotein E genotype. Compared to the other two groups, individuals with the parietal predominate pattern had extensive hypometabolism in left frontal lobe and the precuneus. Furthermore, this group had greater behavioral dyscontrol and deficits in executive function, visuospatial skills, visual memory retention, working memory, and cognitive flexibility (Bonferronip Conclusions This study demonstrates that there is clinical heterogeneity within amyloid-positive lvPPA. Patients with lvPPA with predominant parietal hypometabolism, unlike those with temporal or temporoparietal predominant hypometabolism, demonstrated widespread cognitive and behavioral changes.
Noise considerations for a very low threshold semiconductor detector system

The search for dark matter motivates development of a semiconductor detector system with a very low noise threshold. The CoGeNT and MAJORANA projects both make use of hyper-pure Ge detectors and are in principle sensitive to the ionization signals produced by dark matter particles scattering from Ge nuclei if sub-keV thresholds can be achieved.We describe progress toward mitigating noise on several fronts: the lIf noise that is inherent in capacitors and may also be present in the depletion layer of pn junctions, and the aliasing noise that is endemic with FFTs taken digitally over a large frequency range. An operating front-end design with an ENC (equivalent noise charge) of 4.5 electrons RMS has been demonstrated.
Developing Infrastructure: Managing Patients With Cancer Undergoing CAR T-Cell Therapy

BACKGROUND The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has created challenges and opportunities for nurses. Clinical nurses must be educated on new treatment modalities to recognize toxicity symptoms and to support the therapy moving forward. . OBJECTIVES This article will discuss nursing leadership and interventions to standardize care and ensure patient safety while receiving CAR T cells. . METHODS Using evolving experience, an interprofessional team created standards of care and identified common toxicities and best practices for their management. Electronic documentation forms were designed, which led to the development of a new research infrastructure to care for patients. . FINDINGS The ability to safely manage patients on CAR T-cell treatments has improved. The new infrastructure supported clinicians and scientists in transforming the outcomes of diseases with bleak prognoses, which is possible only with strong nursing leadership. .
Optimization Strategies for Linear Model Predictive Control

Abstract The practicality of model predictive control (MPC) is partially limited by the ability to solve optimization problems in real time. This requirement limits the viability of MPC as a control strategy for large scale processes. One strategy for improving the computational performance is to formulate MPC using a linear program. While the linear programming formulation seems appealing from a numerical standpoint, the controller does not necessarily yield good closed-loop performance. In this work, we explore MPC with an l1 performance criterion. We demonstrate how the nonsmoothness of the objective function may yield either dead-beat or idle control performance.
Theoretical Determination of Band Edge Alignments at the Water-CuInS2(112) Semiconductor Interface.

Knowledge of a semiconductor electrode’s band edge alignment is essential for optimizing processes that occur at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. Photocatalytic processes are particularly sensitive to such alignments, as they govern the transfer of photoexcited electrons or holes from the surface to reactants in the electrolyte solution. Reconstructions of a semiconductor surface during operation, as well as its interaction with the electrolyte solution, must be considered when determining band edge alignment. Here, we employ density functional theory + U theory to assess the stability of reconstructed CuInS2 surfaces, a system which has shown promise for the active and selective photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH3OH. Using many-body Green’s function theory combined with calculations of surface work functions, we determine band edge positions of explicitly solvated, reconstructed CuInS2 surfaces. We find that there is a linear relationship between band edge position and net surface dipol...
Language Skill Development in Japanese Kokugo Education: Analysis of the Television Program Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki No Tsubo

i Acknowledgement ii List of Figures v List of Tables vi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: History of Kokugo 8 2.1. An Overview on Kokugo History 2.2. The Birth of Kokugo Education (1868-1919) 2.2.1. An Overview 2.2.2. Ueda Kazutoshi 2.2.3. Kokugo as a subject 2.3 Kokugo Policies of the Japanese Empire (1919-1945) 2.3.1. An Overview 2.3.2. Hoshina Kōichi 2.3.3. Tokieda Motoki 2.3.4. Saitō Hidekatsu 2.3.5. Kokugo’s Limitation 2.4. The Democratization of Kokugo (1945-1965) 2.5. Kokugo Education during Economic Growth (1965-1998) 2.6. Yutori kyōiku and Recent Changes 2.6.1. Yutori Kyōiku 2.6.2. PISA in 2003 and Recent Changes Chapter 3: Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki no Tsubo as an Example of Language Skill Development in Kokugo 43 3.1. About the Program 3.2. Episode 11: Is it a Fact or is it Opinion 3.3. Episode 19 Spot False Advertisement 3.4. Analysis on the Language Skills Reviewed in WKYT 3.5. Potential Effectiveness of Language Skill Education in Kokugo 3.6. Conclusion
The external ethics audit : A guided experience in self-directed Web inquiry

This paper reviews the literature related to internalethics audits and describes a class project thatinvolves the preparation of an external ethics auditvia web-based self-directed student inquiry. Theactivity promotes higher level thinking includingcritical exploration, analysis, synthesis, andevaluation. The assignment includes the followingcomponents: (1) consideration of ideas concerningcomponents of successful ethics programs, as presentedin identified background readings (available infull-text over the Internet); (2) identification ofrecommended elements for building a successful ethicsprogram and an ethical corporate culture; (3)location, via the Internet, of the corporate code ofethics of a selected organization; (4) analysis of theadequacy of the ethics program of the selectedorganization as compared to recommended elements; (5)investigation (through additional reading, interviews,etc.) of the corporate culture of the selectedorganization; and (6) preparation of an ethics auditinvolving the comparison of the selectedorganization's code of ethics to its actual corporateculture and behaviors, and including the areas thatare well addressed by the organization and those thatneed further attention.
Analysis of a Skew Diversion

Economic, hydraulic and topographical factors to consider in most economical location of culvert; culvert placed at reduced skew is chosen for analysis; result of analysis substantiates California practice which suggested that small skews should be eliminated, moderate skews retained, and large skews reduced.
An in silico analysis of primary and secondary structure specificity determinants for human peptidylarginine deiminase types 2 and 4

Abstract Human peptidylarginine deiminases (hPADs) are a family of five calcium-dependent enzymes that facilitate citrullination, which is the post-translational modification of peptidyl arginine to peptidyl citrulline. The isozymes hPAD2 and hPAD4 have been implicated in the development and progression of several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. To better characterize the primary and secondary structure determinants of citrullination specificity, we mined the literature for protein sequences susceptible to citrullination by hPAD2 or hPAD4. First, protein secondary structure classification (α-helix, β-sheet, or coil) was predicted using the PSIPRED software. Next, we used motif-x and pLogo to extract and visualize statistically significant motifs within each data set. Within the data sets of peptides predicted to lie in coil regions, both hPAD2 and hPAD4 appear to favor citrullination of glycine-containing motifs, while distinct hydrophobic motifs were identified for hPAD2 citrullination sites predicted to reside within α-helical and β-sheet regions. Additionally, we identified potential substrate overlap between coil region citrullination and arginine methylation. Together, these results confirm the importance and offer some insight into the role of secondary structure elements for citrullination specificity, and provide biological context for the existing hPAD specificity and arginine post-translational modification literature.
Mining microarray expression data for classifier gene-cores

We present algorithms and methods for mining DNA microarray expression data from a classification perspective. We demonstrate these algorithms on a gene expression dataset containing two acute leukemia classes. A prioritized feature-selection approach is followed to account for incomplete knowledge of gene function and complex inter-gene dependencies. We utilize a combination of class scatter metrics and heuristic search algorithms to determine all those minimal combinations of genes that have potential to discriminate between the two leukemia classes. A modified perceptron training algorithm further trains the discriminant gene-sets. This process results in a large number of distinct and accurate classifiers (gene sets). We present an algorithm which is then employed to mine these classifiers to discover 'core' patterns from the compositions of the classifier gene-sets. These cores of genes are potentially very useful for a biologist and may reveal much about inter-gene dependencies and gene functions.
Identifying the next non-stop flying market with a big data approach

Abstract Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) strive to increase visitor volume through targeting potential markets and eliminating barriers to travel, such as opening non-stop flight routes. This study develops a comprehensive model to identify the next direct flight route for a destination by deploying buying funnel theory and gravity model. In addition to the geographical and economic characteristics of each market of origination, web traffic at the destination's Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB) website—a proxy for the market's interest in the destination—is used to determine the markets that would exhibit the most potential to generate visitors if a non-stop flight route was opened. The model estimates each market's potential, using multiple gravity models, and compares it to the market's interest in the destination based on buying funnel theory. The present study then empirically tests the model using the actual data of Charleston, South Carolina, where five potential cities were identified.
3D-printed Quake-style microvalves and micropumps.

Here we demonstrate a 3D-printable microvalve that is transparent, built with a biocompatible resin, and has a simple architecture that can be easily scaled up into large arrays. The open-at-rest valve design is derived from Quake's PDMS valve design. We used a stereolithographic (SL) 3D printer to print a thin (25 or 10 μm-thick) membrane (1200 or 500 μm-diam.) that is pneumatically pressed (∼3–6 psi) over a bowl-shaped seat to close the valve. We used poly(ethylene diacrylate) (MW = 258) (PEG-DA-258) as the resin because it yields transparent cytocompatible prints. Although the flexibility of PEG-DA-258 is inferior to that of other microvalve fabrication materials such as PDMS, the valve benefits from the bowl design and the membrane's high restoring force since it does not need a negative pressure to re-open. We also 3D-printed a micropump by combining three Quake-style valves in series. The micropump only requires positive pressure for its operation and profits from the fast return to the valves' open states. Moreover, we printed a 64-valve array constructed with 500 μm-diam. valves to demonstrate the reliability and scalability of the valves. Overall, we demonstrate the 3D-printing of compact microvalves and micropumps using a process that precludes the need for specialized, time-consuming labor.
Simulation-based model for the optimization of machining parameters in a metal-cutting operation

Abstract To achieve a certain measurable performance in cutting machines, the machine parameters need to be optimized. Several constraints determine the possible values that these parameters can take. Although parameters are usually assumed to be deterministic, in practice, it is common to find variations on the characteristics of the products or the processes. Modeling machining parameters as stochastic factors provides a more realistic representation of cutting operations. Moreover, multiple operational objectives are of interest, in many real situations, these multiple objectives are conflicting. Consequently, the problem of setting the parameters becomes a trade-off situation. This paper presents a novel Simulation-based Multi-Objective Optimization (SimMOpt) solution procedure. The procedure is divided into two phases: (1) finding initial solutions and, (2) using a simulated annealing-based method for finding neighboring solutions. In the first phase, non-linear goal programming is used for finding high quality initial solutions. The second phase incorporates Pareto Archive Evolution Strategy (PAES) and hypotheses testing for searching near-optimal solutions for a set of stochastic parameters (i.e., cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) in metal cutting operations. Three objectives are optimized (i.e., operation time, operation cost, and quality of the product). The results from implementing this procedure are analyzed and compared to a baseline methodology based on the Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) algorithm. The analysis demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms the Genetic Algorithm (GA), which was the benchmark algorithm, in terms of the solution quality of all the objectives. More importantly, the solutions from using the SimMOpt procedure outperform those obtained from using an enhanced MOSA-based approach (i.e., 4.71% improvement in the hypervolume approximation).
Structural degradation of a prairie soil from long-term management

Abstract Darmody, R.G. and Norton, L.D., 1994. Structural degradation of a prairie soil from long-term management. In: A.J. Ringrose-Voase and G.S. Humphreys (Editors), Soil Micromorphology: Studies in Management and Genesis. Proc. IX Int. Working Meeting on Soil Micromorphology, Townsville, Australia, July 1992. Developments in Soil Science 22, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 641–649.
Slow Potential Changes in the Monkey's Brain during Reaction Time Foreperiod

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an experiment to analyze slow potential (SP) changes in the monkey's brain during reaction time foreperiod. Several nuclei were observed in four monkeys to determine whether SPs like those observed before would recur. Trial-to-trial variations of SPs in different nuclei were observed to assess the extent to which different regions might be functionally related. Fifteen trials each of warning stimulus (WS) and discriminative stimulus (DS) were given every day in pseudo-random sequence. Bar presses made during the WS or DS terminated the trial. The inference was made that the former electrodes were correctly placed, as potentials like those observed previously from CN, MRF, and PMC were again obtained. The NR is relatively small, and previous findings indicated that atypical recordings could be obtained as little as 1 or 2 mm from it. Responses obtained from the electrodes aimed at MD varied from animal to animal, indicating that interanimal placements were probably not exactly the same.
Anesthetic Considerations in Asthmatic Patients

Perioperative mortality from asthma is low, but “bronchospasm” continues to cause intraoperative death (1). Preoperative preparation can avoid serious intraoperative asthma-related complications, even in severe, poorly controlled asthmatics who present for emergency surgery.
Neuroendocrine Cells and Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract

The endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract are of endodermal derivation. The exact cell of origin is unknown but could be a common totipotential stem cell (45). Although the gastrointestinal endocrine cells were among the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells that were postulated to have a common neural crest origin (50), the experimental evidence strongly supports an endodermal origin (15,41).
Jazz: A Multicultural Phenomenon

azz, an exciting American art form, provides American educators with an excellent topic for helping students to understand that the American macroculture is composed of many important microcultural contributions. I will provide a short history of this marvelous multicultural art form and then suggest some teaching strategies for using it in American classrooms as a means of helping children learn to celebrate the rich contributions of America's microcultures.
Nomsimekwana's Tale: Oral Tradition in Claims on Land and Zuluness, 1905-2010

In the late 1930s South Africa, the elite members of the Zulu Society set out to record the stories and izibongo of various KwaZulu-Natal notables as part of efforts to refashion their collective cultural identity. In an interview with Inkosi Somquba Mdluli, the Zulu Society captured the oral tradition of the Mdluli clan, a chiefdom on the periphery of the nascent Zulu kingdom during the mid-19th century. The tradition relates the story of Somquba’s grandfather, Nomsimekwana, who traversed Natal and Zululand during the era of rapid social change still controversially called the mfecane. This adventure-filled oral tradition of a young amaLala chief’s encounter with amazimuzimu (often translated as cannibals) has been used for over a century by Africans, missionaries, and colonial administrators for various justifications. Using colonial, segregation and apartheid era government records and oral traditions of the Mdluli community, this paper examines the use of the tale by Mdluli chiefs to justify access to land that had been given to created chieftaincies during the colonial era. The paper ends with a brief consideration of how the tale has adapted to reflect this amaLala chiefdom’s claims on Zuluness.
Student Behaviors and Remediation: An Empirical Study

This study explored graduate counseling student behaviors requiring remediation. The results indicated 51.1% of participants perceived behaviors initially surface in entry-level skill courses. The ...
A TRANSCRIPTIONAL MAP OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS

ABSTRACT. Ultra-violet irradiation of nucleic acids can be used to determine the relative sizes of transcriptional units since transcription is blocked beyond the site of a UV hit. We have applied this method to vesicular stomatitis virus by observing the effect of UV radiation on the expression of the viral genes. Gene expression was measured in a cell-free system in which detergent-activated VSV directed coupled transcription and translation. Analysis of the RNA products of this system revealed the expression of the genes for the viral proteins L, G and N; the messenger RNAs for the viral proteins M and NS were not separated by the methods we used. On the other hand, analysis of the protein products revealed the synthesis of the N, NS and M proteins and of a putative precursor to the G protein; no synthesis of the L protein could be detected. Using these two methods, therefore, the expression of each of the five known viral genes could be measured independently.
Playground Politics at Home: Child Maltreatment and Sibling Violence

This chapter applies the three central definitional components of bullying (i.e., repetition, power imbalance, and intent to harm) to child maltreatment and ongoing and intense sibling conflicts within the home. Powerless infants, toddlers, young children, and adolescents can become victims of bullying in their own homes, arguably causing more long-term trauma than any other experience across the life span. Research on victimization by parents and adult caretakers is reviewed. Power dynamics between siblings are also discussed. An overview of both of these phenomena including definitions, prevalence rates, economic cost, demographic characteristics, and negative developmental impacts is included. Then we discuss child maltreatment and ongoing and intense sibling conflict through the bullying framework, which is an innovative addition to the bullying literature, as the currently accepted definitions of bullying fail to identify ongoing, negative family dynamics as bullying. We argue that certain family dynamics can and should be defined as bullying.
Differentiation and Intimate Partner Violence

ABSTRACTThis study explored the impact of differentiation of self on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). We sought to determine if an individual's level of differentiation of self in a relationship adds to the variance accounted for in IPV perpetration by known risk factors, i.e., relational satisfaction, marital conflict, romantic jealousy, depression, and anxiety. Results indicated that differentiation of self in a relationship is a predictor for perpetration of physical intimate partner violence even after controlling for other known risk factors.
Radiolabeling and initial biological evaluations of [64Cu]NOTA-Pep-1L for imaging Glioblastoma (GBM )

1100 Objectives IL-13Rα2 is a tumor restricted receptor that we identified to be present in a number of cancers, including in the vast majority of GBM, High-Grade Gliomas and malignant melanoma. In past work, we have targeted this receptor for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes using IL-13-derived agents. In this work, we examined for the first time the cell and in vivo tumor binding property of 64Cu-Pep-1L, a novel peptide discovered to bind IL-13Rα2 (Neuro Oncol. 2012 14(1):6-18. PMID: 21946118). Methods NOTA-conjugated peptide was commercially purchased from CPC scientific ltd. The conjugated ligand was radiolabeled with 64Cu with high purity and reaction progress was monitored by radio-TLC. The in vitro reactivity and specificity were determined using G48a GBM cells, high expressors of IL-13Rα2. The data were expressed as %ID/mg of protein present in each well with p values ≤ .05 considered statistically significant. Standard biodistribution studies were performed using female nude mice bearing flank G48a tumor cells. Results [64Cu]NOTA-Pep-1L was radiolabeled with high radiochemical purity and specific activity. Cell uptake assay in G48a cells demonstrated high uptake, which was significantly blocked by unlabeled Pep-1L, demonstrating specificity. Importantly, the uptake was maintained over time and was still present at high levels at 4 h, which is expected due to known internalization properties of Pep-1L. Initial in vivo tumor uptake studies in tumor-bearing mice demonstrated that [64Cu]NOTA-Pep-1L specifically bound to tumors at 24 h, which was blocked (3-fold blockade) by pre-injecting unlabeled peptide. Conclusions [64Cu]NOTA-Pep-1L demonstrated high radioactive uptake using an in vitro cell uptake assay and also demonstrated specific tumor uptake in the tumor bearing nude mice. Quantitative biodistrubution, tumor uptake and MicroPET imaging studies are currently underway to further assess the utility of Pep-1L in imaging GBM.
New, Simple Approach to Defect Energies in Solids via Equivalent Crystals

It is evident from many of the presentations of this symposium that it is now reasonable to consider the computation and simulation of real materials phenomena. It would be desirable, for example, to have an atomistic model of crack initiation and growth or of adhesion and friction processes. This would require going beyond pair potentials with a method that is quantum mechanical in origin, accurate, and yet simple enough to allow one to deal with the low symmetries found in these phenomena.
Bistatic Radar Occultations of Planetary Surfaces

Assessing the variability of surface roughness on planetary bodies is crucial for understanding the physical mechanisms that have governed their surface evolution. In addition, it provides constraints on surface texture uncertainties associated with landing, anchoring, surface trafficability, and sampling. Herein, we present how orbital bistatic radar (BSR) observations can be successfully conducted during occultations, and thereby used to achieve the above scientific and technical objectives for key planetary bodies that are under investigation by current and future missions. For different planetary bodies without dense atmospheres, we calculate the theoretical differential Doppler shift ( $\delta f$ ) between the direct and surface-scattered signals that precede and follow radio occultations during opportunistic BSR experiments. For occultations that last ~ 10 min, we find that small bodies with diameters $\pmb {\lesssim }100$ km will exhibit $\vert \delta f\vert ~\pmb {\lesssim } 5$ Hz, and larger bodies with diameters $\pmb {\gtrsim }500$ km will have $\vert \delta f\vert ~\pmb {\gtrsim }50$ Hz. Our results suggest that opportunistic BSR observations of targets $\pmb {\lesssim }100$ km in diameter will require an ultrastable oscillator (USO) aboard the spacecraft to retrieve surface echoes and constrain surface roughness.
Cortical Transplantation of Brain‐Mimetic Glycosaminoglycan Scaffolds and Neural Progenitor Cells Promotes Vascular Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Ischemic Stroke in Mice

Stroke causes significant mortality and morbidity. Currently, there are no treatments which can regenerate brain tissue lost to infarction. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are at the forefront of preclinical studies for regenerative stroke therapies. NPCs can differentiate into and replace neurons and promote endogenous recovery mechanisms such as angiogenesis via trophic factor production and release. The stroke core is hypothetically the ideal location for replacement of neural tissue since it is in situ and develops into a potential space where injections may be targeted with minimal compression of healthy peri-infarct tissue. However, the compromised perfusion and tissue degradation following ischemia create an inhospitable environment resistant to cellular therapy. Overcoming these limitations is critical to advancing cellular therapy. In this work, the therapeutic potential of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cell derived NPCs is tested encapsulated in a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) binding chondroitin sulfate-A (CS-A) hydrogel transplanted into the infarct core in a mouse sensorimotor cortex mini-stroke model. It is shown that CS-A encapsulation significantly improves vascular remodeling, cortical blood flow, and sensorimotor behavioral outcomes after stroke. It is found these improvements are negated by blocking bFGF, suggesting that the sustained trophic signaling endowed by the CS-A hydrogel combined with NPC transplantation can promote tissue repair.
Research on High Voltage Ride Through of Wind Turbine based on Combination of Series Impedance Divider and Parallel High Impedance Grounding

The impact of high voltage ride through (HVRT) capability of wind energy on the security of power grid is therefore much concerned. At present, there have been no explicit requirements for technical rules of HVRT. However, the high voltage phenomena may occur during the voltage recovery after the clearance of short circuit faults, and the operation of power grid could also lead to high voltages. With the increasing scale of integration of renewable energy, the high voltage issue has become an important barrier that limits the large-scale integration of wind power. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out research on HVRT to make sure the security and stability of power grid with large-scale wind power. This paper proposes an HVRT method for wind turbine based on combination of series impedance divider and parallel high impedance grounding equipped at the wind turbine terminal. According to the voltage dividing characteristic of impedance in the classic circuit analysis, the series impedance is installed at the wind turbine terminal. During high voltage period time, switch series impedance is closed to realize high-impedance grounding that decreases the terminal voltage. When the voltage recovers to normal range, cut off series impedance, then HVRT is fulfilled.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PERI-AORTIC SUBSTRATE FOR VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ABLATION: PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

Peri-aortic substrate is an increasingly recognized clinical entity that scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT). The impact of scar extension from the periaortic region into the interventricular septum on ablation results has not been systematically assessed. Amongst 234 scar-related VT
Chapter 13 – Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes represent indirect complications of certain malignancies, often due to neurological autoimmunity. These are rare, but important, entities, affecting less than 0.1% of patients with cancer. Clinical manifestations can be quite varied and multifocal. Several distinct clinical syndromes are recognized, including sensory neuronopathy, cerebellar degeneration, limbic encephalitis, and Lambert–Eaton syndrome. These disorders are usually associated with a subacute onset and significant disability. Typically, the neurological presentation antedates the diagnosis of malignancy, and the cancer, when found, tends to be localized and responsive to treatment. Diagnosis depends on clinical suspicion, serology for paraneoplastic antibodies, and a focused search for cancer. Imaging studies are important in the diagnosis of central nervous system disorders and also for the detection of occult malignancy. Management of these disorders includes treatment of the cancer (if identified) as well immunotherapy.
The Dirichlet problem in domains with lower dimensional boundaries

Even in the context of the classical case d=n−1, (the analogues of) our results are new. The conditions on the coefficients are more relaxed than the previously known ones (most notably, we do not impose any restrictions whatsoever on the first n−1 rows of the matrix of coefficients) and the results are more general. We establish local rather than global estimates between the square function and the non-tangential maximal function and, perhaps even more importantly, we establish new Moser-type estimates at the boundary and improve the interior ones.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Older Adults: Patterns, Outcomes, and Trends.

Abstract Introduction Although the numbers of older adults in the US are rapidly increasing, there is sparse recent data on the use and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) among this population. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of older adults undergoing CABG and to measure temporal trends. Materials and methods Using data from the National Inpatient Sample (2005-2014), patients aged 85 y and older who underwent CABG were selected. Demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics were extracted. Outcomes measured were hospital mortality, hospital length of stay, discharge home, and operative complications. Patients were grouped by 2-year increments. Differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes over time were evaluated using trend analyses. Results There were 60,124 patients included in the cohort. The mean age was 86.8 y with majority being men (61%), white (88%), and treated in teaching hospitals (61%). Over the study period, the annual surgical volume decreased from 6689 in 2005/06 to 5150 in 2013/14. Mortality decreased from 8.5% to 5.5% (P-trend Conclusions CABG volumes are decreasing among older adults, and comorbidity burden is increasing, but outcomes are improving. These data may indicate improved preoperative optimization and better perioperative care processes.
Non-contact passive sensing of acoustic emission signal using the air-coupled transducer

Structural health monitoring (SHM)/nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is an emerging multi-disciplinary field that aims at detecting/characterizing structural damage and providing diagnosis/prognosis of structural health status in a real-time or on-demand manner. It can reduce maintenance costs, shorten the machine service downtime, and improve the safety and reliability of the engineering structures. Acoustic emission (AE) is one of the SHM/NDE methods by means of detecting elastic waves due to dynamic motions at AE sources, such as cracking, delamination, cleavage, and fretting in a material. The acoustic emission inspection technique relies on the AE sensors to collect the AE signals from the structure to monitor the structural health. Conventionally, these AE sensors need to be permanently attached to the structure through the bonding adhesive layer which may introduce contamination to the structure. In this work, the research is focused on investigating non-contact passive sensing of acoustic emission (AE) signals using an air-coupled transducer (ACT). The well-acknowledged pencil-lead-break method has been used to simulate the AE source. A resonant type ACT is used to passively sense the AE signals, which leaves the testing object intact and provides a non-intrusive sensing method. The non-contact AE test on a thin aluminum structure as well as a thick steel structure is first conducted. Next, the investigation is extended to composite structures. Both single-layer composite structure and bonded composite structure are investigated. The results successfully demonstrate the capability of non-contact passive sensing of the AE signals using the ACT method.
Nature Connection and 360-Degree Video: An Exploratory Study With Immersive Technology:

Background: Immersive technologies may be an avenue to explore the construct of human–nature connection more thoroughly and without some of the obstacles to accessing nature in-person. Purpose: The...
Multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification assay developed using unique genomic regions for rapid on-site detection of genus Clavibacter and C. nebraskensis

Clavibacter is an agriculturally important bacterial genus comprising nine host-specific species/subspecies including C. nebraskensis (Cn), which causes Goss's wilt and blight of maize. A robust, simple, and field-deployable method is required to specifically detect Cn in infected plants and distinguish it from other Clavibacter species for quarantine purposes and timely disease management. A multiplex Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) coupled with a Lateral Flow Device (LFD) was developed for sensitive and rapid detection of Clavibacter and Cn directly from infected host. Unique and conserved genomic regions, the ABC transporter ATP-binding protein CDS/ABC-transporter permease and the MFS transporter gene, were used to design primers/probes for specific detection of genus Clavibacter and Cn, respectively. The assay was evaluated using 52 strains, representing all nine species/subspecies of Clavibacter, other closely related bacterial species, and naturally- and artificially-infected plant samples; no false positives or negatives were detected. The RPA reactions were also incubated in a closed hand at body temperature; results were again specific. The assay does not require DNA isolation and can be directly performed using host sap. The detection limit of 10 pg (~ 3000 copies) and 100 fg (~ 30 copies) was determined for Clavibacter- and Cn-specific primers/probes, respectively. The detection limit for Cn-specific primer/probe set was decreased to 1 pg (~ 300 copies) when 1 µL of host sap was added into the RPA reaction containing tenfold serially diluted genomic DNA; though no effect was observed on Clavibacter-specific primer/probe set. The assay is accurate and has applications at point-of-need diagnostics. This is the first multiplex RPA assay for any plant pathogen.
Rapid redistribution and extensive binding of NANOG and GATA6 at shared regulatory elements underlie specification of divergent cell fates

Establishment of divergent cell types from a common progenitor requires transcription factors (TFs) to promote lineage-restricted transcriptional programs while suppressing alternative fates. In the mouse blastocyst, cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) coexpress NANOG and GATA6, two TFs that drive the bifurcation of these progenitors into either the epiblast (Epi) or the primitive endoderm (PrE), respectively. Here, using in vitro differentiation, we describe the molecular mechanisms of how GATA6 quickly induces the PrE fate while repressing the Epi lineage. GATA6 functions as a pioneer TF by inducing nucleosome repositioning at regulatory elements controlling PrE genes, making them accessible for deposition of active histone marks and leading to rewiring of chromatin interactions and ultimately transcriptional activation. GATA6 also binds most regulatory elements of Epi genes followed by eviction of the Epi-specific TFs NANOG and SOX2, loss of active histone marks, and reduction in chromatin accessibility that culminates in transcriptional repression. Unexpectedly, evicted NANOG and SOX2 transiently bind PrE regulatory elements occupied by GATA6. Our study shows that GATA6 binds and modulate the same regulatory elements as Epi TFs, a phenomenon we also validated in blastocysts. We propose that the ability of PrE and Epi-specific TFs to extensively bind and regulate the same gene networks contributes to ICM plasticity and allows rapid cell lineage specification by coordinating both activation and repression of divergent transcriptional programs.