cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A survey of faculty and student perceptions of the use of electronic resources

The increased popularity of on-line resources presents faculty and administrators with a dilemma that deserves considerable attention. Classroom reading material is accessible on-line and appears to be used as a replacement for, and in combination with, paper-based learning materials more often recently, especially at laptop universities. The issue of textbook versus on-line information has been examined from a variety of perspectives, however, faculty, administrators and students will determine the permanence of a shift in emphasis from paper-based material to online versions of such information. Recent articles describe that about 40% of students in accredited programs do not even purchase a textbook and use other resources as a substitute. Many teachers also avoid using textbooks, because they find the material restrictive, carelessly written or boring (Hakim, 1996). This dissertation chronicled the attitudes and opinions of a number of educators and students, who used alternative text-based material, as well as attitudes and opinions of educators and students who did not use on-line material.
Uncovering training resistance

This paper draws on critical theory in an attempt to show how organizational ideologies operate in resistance to change that is engendered by training. In particular, the paper introduces critical theory’s views of dialectical reasoning and its relationship to oppression in human thought and action. It then describes the liberating themes from adult education and training concepts and theories. In this discussion, the paper elucidates the notion that unquestioned ideological assumptions produce fallacies that become instrumental modes for domination in interpersonal relationships. It illustrates this in a case analysis of an attempt to change the prevailing management ideology at a major university. Embedded within the attempted change program is the struggle for a new synthesis of meaning in the relationships and the countervailing antithesis of management resistance. The paper concludes with an outline of some of the implications of embracing a critical theory perspective as a trainer and change agent.
Clinical recommendations for promoting breastfeeding among Hispanic women.

Purpose: To synthesize research regarding the low breastfeeding rates in Hispanic women living in the United States, particularly those who immigrate to this country and become acculturated. Data sources: Extensive review of global literature on the subject. Conclusions: Exclusive and continued breastfeeding rates in the United States have increased in recent years but remain low, and no state in the United States currently meets the Healthy People 2010 recommendations. Due to the increasing number of Hispanic women immigrating to the United States and having children, it is imperative to develop appropriate culturally specific guidelines in breastfeeding promotion programs. When providing care to a Hispanic mother, clinicians can best assist this population by holistically reviewing all aspects of a woman's life including her environment and relationships with others to provide positive outcomes that ultimately benefit Hispanic mothers and their newborns. Implications for practice: Guidelines and interventions for initiating and continuing breastfeeding in Hispanic women are proposed, including providing a bilingual personal breastfeeding advocate, as well as group classes that incorporate traditional Hispanic cultural beliefs and allow the women to devise personal breastfeeding plans.
Neurogenic inflammation of the bladder.

Inflammation arising from the summation of the various effects of stimulation of peripheral nerves is referred to as neurogenic inflammation. The hallmark of neurogenic inflammation is increased vascular permeability due to activation of neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors located on postcapillary venules by substance P (SP) released from sensory nerve fibers.133 This effect is transient, and participation of sensory nerves in both acute and chronic inflammation is the result of subsequent activation of cells of the immune system (particularly mast cells) and continued stimulation of release of inflammatory mediators or neuropeptides. This process has been reported to affect a variety of organs, including the bladder, skin, gut, lungs, airways, eye, and joints.3,93,179,213 Antidromic stimulation of unmyelinated sensory C fibers results in plasma extravasation and accumulation of leukocytes in the bladder and other organs.91,114,157 Various stimuli, such as antigens, cold, heat, bacterial or viral infection, or direct stimulation of nerves can initiate neurogenic inflammation.93,179,213 The concept that sensory nerves participate in amplification of local inflammation is further substantiated by the observation that prolonged blockade of the sciatic nerve with a local anesthetic (bupivacaine) significantly decreased (but did not ablate) carrageenan-induced paw swelling in the rat.65 Often the effects of neurogenic inflammation remain long after the inciting cause is gone. The processes associated with neurogenic inflammation also play a significant role in the amplification of inflammation to a level that may be disproportionate to the original insult.21
Abstract 247: Wikiheart: A Seamless Web-based Program Involving Patients, Clinicians and Researchers

Background: The recent increase in the public’s interest in health matters has been accompanied by greater attention to the development of Web-based programs by many health-related professional and educational services. Wikiheart is a Web-based program that has been designed to narrow the gaps between care and secondary prevention by directly delivering knowledge to patients in their homes and communities. Purpose: To develop a Web-based program aimed at educating patients and targeted to the specific learning needs of patients with heart disease and associated risk factors. Methods and results: This pilot program is relatively easy to use, web-based educational model. It consists of a collaborative feature, the content of which can be easily edited by users, thus enabling powerful information sharing, interactive chat and article discussions. Participants are categorized into two principal groups: (1) invited or volunteer medical professionals; and (2) patients with their own experiences. This program can be used as an information resource for patients and method of real-time communication between healthcare professionals and patients. This virtual program allows patients to engage with each other, share experiences and become part of an online community. As an online interactive medical reference, this program is also intended to help patients with heart disease learn more about their specific conditions and be educated about preventive measures. For patient confidentiality, password protection would be employed and all clinical images and videos would be required to be de-identified. Material that violates patient privacy will be easily removed. Conclusions: Wikiheart aims to enable the sharing of knowledge relevant to secondary prevention and thus improve the quality of care for patients with heart disease or cardiovascular risk factors. If successfully implemented, the program is likely to enhance researchers’, healthcare providers’ and patients’ learning experiences, and communication within digital world, leading to the improvement of clinic outcome and adherence for patients. Further research is needed in order to identify the best approaches to apply these tools and ultimately boost research productivity, learning experience and patient education. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Are we providing the best possible care for dementia patients

Healthcare for patients with dementia is often reactive, poorly organized and fragmented. We discuss opportunities for improvements in the care of individuals living with dementia at home that can be implemented by physicians in their practices today. In particular, we argue that systematic identification and diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia in their early stages, coupled with a coherent, evidence-informed management framework, would benefit patients with dementia substantially and ease the burden of their caregivers. We emphasize that dementia influences all aspects of patient care, and each medical decision must be passed through the filter of knowledge that patients with dementia have special needs that can be identified and addressed.
Does parental report of insurance status agree with hospital administrative data for children presenting to the ED

We screened nearly 10,000 consecutive parents presenting to EDs throughout the United States and examined whether parent/guardian self-report of insurance status agrees with hospital administrative data. We also examined the relationship of patient characteristics with any observed discordance.
Prolonged effects of kepone on strength and thickness of eggshells from Japanese quail fed different calcium level diets

Abstract Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were first fed low- and then high-calcium diets for 120 days each. A second group received the same diets contaminated with 200 ppm Kepone. Eggshell strength of vertical and horizontal axes as well as equatorial eggshell thickness were measured. Kepone administered in low calcium diet did not reduce equatorial shell thickness or strength; however, a temporary decrease of shell strength in vertical axis was recorded. Continued Kepone feeding produced significant shell thinning and weakening in both axes, evident especially during high-calcium diet. An increase in egg breakage and high mortality also became characteristic. Egg laying was a factor in survival. Kepone-fed quail that ceased egg laying exhibited neurological disorders and died. Post-mortem examination of the reproductive organs indicated that Kepone may have interfered with ovarian function.
The effects of estradiol valerate on the serum and bone of hatchling and juvenile caiman crocodiles (Caiman sclerops)

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of estradiol valerate upon the serum proteins and bone were studied in young caimans. 2. 2. No morphological changes in bones were observed. 3. 3. Estrogen induced a gradual hypercalcemic response which became statistically significant by 3 weeks. 4. 4. No significant changes in total serum proteins or inorganic phosphates were observed, although the juvenile caimans showed a trend toward hyperproteinemia. 5. 5. Caimans treated with estrogen had only slightly different electrophoretic patterns, although the calcium-binding activity of the β- and γ-globulins increased significantly.
Microchemical Characterization of Aerosols

This paper outlines a methodology to quantitatively differentiate classes of ambient particulate carbon. The analysis of results provides an assessment of the amounts of primary and secondary carbonaceous material, as well as the amounts of total carbon, organic carbon, and black or graphitic carbon. Two experimental approaches have been used in this study. The first involves a systematic comparison of average ambient black carbon and total carbon ratios with those of sources. The second approach relies on the evolved gas (CO2) thermal analysis method as a means for “fingerprinting” the organic and black carbon components of source and ambient particles.
De novo CD3 negative hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: diagnostic challenges and pitfalls.

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma is a rare and aggressive peripheral T-cell malignancy that is distinctively characterized by sinusoidal infiltration of mature medium-sized T lymphocytes in the spleen and liver. The neoplastic cells are classically surface CD3+, CD2+, CD5−, CD4−, and CD8+/− and manifest variable expression of markers associated with natural killer (NK) cells such as CD16 and CD56. In this article, we report the first case to date of a newly diagnosed de novo surface CD3− hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma with circulating blastlike neoplastic cells expressing NK-cell–associated markers. The lack of surface CD3 expression, together with the expression of NK-cell–associated markers and the leukemic presentation, leads to significant diagnostic challenges in differentiating this CD3− hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma from NK-cell neoplasms, in particular aggressive NK-cell leukemia. The related literature is reviewed, and the approaches for adequate diagnosis of this novel situation are described.
Reflector spectrum for relating seismic arrivals to reflectors

ABSTRACTWhen interpreting seismic images or suppressing multiples in seismic data, it is important to identify the reflectors from which the multiples, especially the internal multiples, originated. We evaluated a method to relate all seismic arrivals, including primaries and multiples, to their originating reflectors. We used the reflectivity forward modeling method to isolate reflectors and determine the contribution of an individual reflector to arrivals in a seismic trace. Repeating this process for all reflectors produced a reflector spectrum, which shows quantitatively the relative contribution of each reflector to all arrivals in a trace. Then we modified the reflector spectrum to relate seismic arrivals only to their shallowest reflectors. We applied the reflector spectrum and the modified reflector spectrum to a velocity model constructed from a field sonic log. We provided an indication of the minimum number of reflectors responsible for multiples and demonstrated that internal multiples origina...
Spatiotemporal variations in heat-related health risk in three Midwestern US cities between 1990 and 2010

Mortality from extreme heat is a leading cause of weather-related fatality, which is expected to increase in frequency with future climate scenarios. This study examines the spatiotemporal variations in heat-related health risk in three Midwestern cities in the USA between the years 1990 to 2010; cities include Chicago, Illinois, Indianapolis, IN and Dayton, OH. In order to examine these variations, we utilize the recently developed extreme heat vulnerability index (EHVI) that uses a principal components solution to vulnerability. The EHVI incorporates data from the US Decadal Census and remotely sensed variables to determine heat-related vulnerability at an intra-urban level (census block group). The results demonstrate significant spatiotemporal variations in heat health risk within the cities involved.
Effects of spatially variable ground motions on the seismic response of a skewed, multi-span, RC highway bridge

Abstract This paper presents a study of the influence of spatially variable ground motions on the longitudinal seismic response of a short, three-span, 30-degree skewed, reinforced concrete highway bridge. Linear and nonlinear finite element models are created for the bridge and linear elastic and nonlinear inelastic time history analyses conducted. Three different types of illustrative excitations are considered: The first utilizes spatially variable ground motions incorporating the effects of variable soil conditions, loss of coherency and wave passage as input motions at the structures' supports. The time history with the smallest peak displacement and the one with the largest peak displacement from the spatially variable ones are then used as uniform input motions at all bridge supports. The comparative analysis of the bridge model shows that the uniform ground motion input with the largest peak displacement cannot provide conservative seismic demands for all structural components—in a number of cases it results in lower response than that predicted by spatially variable motions. The present results indicate that there is difficulty in establishing uniform input motions that would have the same effect on the response of bridge models as spatially variable ones. Consequently, spatially variable input motions need to be applied as excitations at the bridge supports.
Distribution and Relaxation of Vibrationally Excited Oxygen in Flash Photolysis of Ozone

Absolute absorption by a sequence of bands in the Schumann—Runge series arising from oxygen molecules in vibrationally excited levels of the ground state formed by secondary processes of the flash photolysis of ozone was measured as a function of time. Measurements of bands arising from states v″ = 13 through v″ = 19 are analyzed in terms of a continuously generated initial distribution which relaxes to room temperature in single quantum steps.The vibrational relaxation rate constants are large and are interpreted as an efficient transfer of vibrational energy between ozone and excited oxygen. The relaxation process is consistent with a single quantum step model, and if deviations from this model are real, they are secondary. Vibrationally excited oxygen is formed initially in all of the observed states. The analysis does not give the shape of the initial distribution, but in magnitude it is consistent with a normal distribution of the energy of the reaction in all of the available modes of motion. The ab...
Molecular cloning of new human TR2 receptors: a class of steroid receptor with multiple ligand-binding domains.

Summary Previously we isolated a new group of cDNA clones from human testis cDNA libraries which might code for new steroid receptors. The cDNA and predicted amino acid sequences of two of these receptors, named TR2-5 and TR2-7 receptors, were determined. We report here the nucleotide and deduced amino acid structures of two other receptors that we named TR2-9 and TR2-11 receptors. The calculated MW of TR2-5 receptor, TR2-7 receptor, TR2-9 receptor and TR2-11 receptor are 52,982, 20,528, 50,849 and 67,223 respectively, which match well with the apparent MW of in vitro translated products. The 26 amino acids involved in the formation of “Zn-fingers” are conserved. The ligand-binding domain of TR2-9 receptor is 16 amino acids shorter and has 3 different amino acids compared with TR2-5 receptor. The TR2-11 receptor has a ligand-binding domain which is longer and quite different compared with the other TR2 receptors. The multiple ligand-binding domains of TR2 receptor could be the products of different genes or may be due to RNA splicing errors. So far, we have failed to find binding activity with any known steroid hormone; this promotes the possibility that an unidentified steroid hormone may be involved.
The mediatory guile of the nanny in Persian romance

(1999). The mediatory guile of the nanny in Persian romance. Iranian Studies: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 181-201.
Effects of hypertension on pregnancy monitoring and results

The effect of severity of hypertension on fetal heart rate tracing changes and neonatal outcomes was evaluated on all patients with hypertension seen in 1980 and 1981 (666 cases, 10% of the pregnant population) in the Chicago-Lying In Hospital. The patients were grouped according to severity of hypertension, and the fetal heart rate monitoring, drugs administered, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcome were analyzed. Half of the patients (326) had mild hypertension and 13% (87) had severe hypertension; the remainder (253) had moderate hypertension. There were 49% primiparous and 51 multiparous women. The diagnosis of preeclampsia was made in 76% of cases, and chronic hypertension in 19%. Only 12% of the total were premature by dates, but 47% of this group were among the severe group. Oxytocin was given to 50%, whereas delivery was spontaneous in 56% of cases, and by cesarean section in 22%. This was higher among the severe hypertension group (37%), and the prematurity rate was 47%. Nonstress testing was done in one third of cases and only nonreactivity was associated with neonatal death. Neonatal depression (Apgar score
MIBG detection of hepatic neuroblastoma: correlation with CT, US and surgical findings

Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging is used in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of virtually every case of neuroblastoma seen at our institution. Normal sites of MIBG uptake include the liver and therefore difficulties have been predicted and encountered in the diagnosis of hepatic neuroblastoma due to inability to separate abnormally increased tracer deposition from normal hepatic activity. We reviewed every MIBG (I123 and I131) study performed at our pediatric hospital over a 4 year period encompassing 88 patients, 67 of whom had biopsy proven neuroblastoma. Hepatic findings onMIBG studies were compared with concurrent abdominal CT and US studies in all 67 patients. The clinical records of all patients with abnormal MIBG scans or abnormal CT or US studies of the liver were also reviewed. Eight patients were found to have abnormal liver findings on one or more imaging studies (MIBG, CT, or US). There were 3 true positive MIBG studies, one of which was an early study in a patient who later went on to have one of the false positive studies. Two patients had false positive MIBG scans for liver neuroblastoma. MIBG failed to detect liver involvement in 4 patients.
A general theory of instability for dipolar thermoelastic bodies

Criteria for determining stability and instability are often crucial in the design and evaluation of a system that is adequately modeled by means of a certain set of balance equations and constitutive postulates. However, such criteria are also valuable in the examination of the applicability of a model in describing a given material body. In the past twelve years, new theories have proliferated in response to the weaknesses of the classical theories. Fluids and solids with microstructure, with fading memory, with non-local characteristics, with diatomic structure: all are new (or renewed, as in the case of the fluids and solids with microstructure) theories whose suitability must be evaluated.
Anaphylaxis following intravenous fluorescein angiography in a vitreoretinal clinic: report of 4 cases

Abstract Objective: To assess the incidence of anaphylaxis following intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) at 1 satellite clinic. Study Design: Observational case series. Participants: Records from 1400 patients were reviewed. Methods: Consecutive vitreoretinal patients who underwent IVFA between 1998 and 2005 at 1 satellite office were included for retrospective analysis. Results: Anaphylaxis developed in 4 of 1400 (0.3%) patients within minutes after they had received intravenous fluorescein. In each case, the reaction was recognized promptly and treated with injectable epinephrine by the physician, and symptoms resolved quickly. The ambulance was called in all 4 cases. In the literature, reports of 21 cases of anaphylaxis and 7 deaths have been published in the past 55 years. Conclusions: Although uncommon, anaphylaxis as a reaction to intravenous fluorescein does occur. As this is potentially life-threatening, prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. An emergency care plan should be available.
ANN based prediction model for fatigue crack growth in DP steel

An artificial neural network (ANN)-based model was developed to analyse high-cycle fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN ) as a function of stress intensity ranges (ΔK ) for dual phase (DP) steel. The training data consisted of da/dN at ΔK ranges between 5 and 16 MPa √ for DP steel with martensite contents in the range 32 to 76%. The ANN back-propagation model with Gaussian activation function exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental results. The fatigue crack growth rate predictions were made to demonstrate its practical significance in a given real-life situation. Because of the wide range of data points used during training of the model, it will provide a useful predictor for fatigue crack growth in DP steels.
Testing steam turbine generator governors under system load conditions

STEAM TURBINE governors must be tested to determine performance of a governor with respect to purchase specifications, to determine the necessity for and the results of maintenance work on the governor, and to determine the optimum settings of the governor through a knowledge of the governor characteristics and system requirements in order that each unit will perform most satisfactorily considering its size, heat rate, location on the system, and local plant steam generating conditions. If the need is only for determining conformance to specifications, elaborate equipment can be used, but to be used effectively in the maintenance and operation of the governor the equipment should be simple to operate and provide the necessary data quickly.
Arthroscopic treatment of multidirectional instability

Multidirectional instability of the shoulder, described by Neer and Foster, has been treated surgically with the inferior capsular shift procedure. The small number of reports on mid-term outcomes indicate that good to excellent results have been obtained in 75% to 100% of cases. Arthroscopic treatment of multidirectional instability has been previously described. The purpose of this study was to review the results of the arthroscopic capsular shift procedure with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. A retrospective study was performed on 25 patients who underwent an arthroscopic capsular shift performed with the transglenoid technique between January 1990 and December 1993. All patients had earlier not responded to an extensive course of physical therapy. Excluded from the study were patients who had undergone a previous arthroscopic capsular shift or any other procedure, arthroscopic or open, for the shoulder. Average patient age was 26.4 years. There were 20 male and 5 female patients. Sixteen of the affected shoulders involved the dominant extremity. All patients had a history of asymptomatic subluxation that slowly progressed to symptomatic subluxation. Eleven patients had a history of dislocation. Thirteen patients were athletes who were symptomatic in their chosen sport, whereas the other patients were symptomatic in activities of daily living. All patients were examined while they were under anesthesia and had positive results on the sulcus test in abduction with associated anterior instability, posterior instability, or both. Follow-up evaluation was performed with patient interview and examination. All 25 patients were available for follow-up, which occurred an average of 60 months (range 36 to 80 months) after operation. Three patients had episodes of instability after the operation. The average Bankart score was 95 (range of 50 to 100). All but 1 patient had regained full symmetric range of motion by follow-up. Twenty-one (88%) patients had a satisfactory result according to the Neer system. Results of treatment with the arthroscopic capsular shift procedure for multidirectional instability of the shoulder appear to be comparable to those of the open inferior capsular shift.
Receptor mediated uptake of paclitaxel from a synthetic high density lipoprotein nanocarrier

The purpose of these studies was to determine the mechanism(s) whereby paclitaxel (PTX), is taken up by cancer cells, once encapsulated into synthetic/reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL). The uptake of PTX was found to be facilitated by the scavenger receptor type B-1 (SR-B1) when drug-loaded rHDL particles were incubated with cells that express the SRB1 receptor. Studies with double-labeled, PTX containing rHDL nanoparticles showed that prostate cancer (PC-3) cells incorporated PTX primarily via a selective (SR-B1 type) uptake mechanism. In the presence of a 10-fold excess of plasma HDL, PTX uptake decreased to 30% of the control. These findings suggest that the incorporation of lipophilic drugs by cancer cells from rHDL nanoparticles is facilitated by a receptor mediated (SR-B1) mechanism.
Membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities in rat pancreas.

Abstract The membrane ATPase activities present in rat pancreas were studied to investigate the possible role of ATPase enzymes in HCO 3 − secretion in the pancreas. It was found that all the HCO 3 − -sensitive (anion-sensitive) ATPase activity was accountable as pancreatic mitochondrial ATPase, thus supporting the view that a distinct plasma membrane ‘bicarbonate-ATPase’ is not involved in HCO 3 − secretion in pancreas. A remarkably high Mg 2+ - and Ca 2+ -requiring ATPase activity (30 μmol ATP hydrolysed/min per mg) was found in the plasma membrane fraction ( ϱ = 1.10−1.13 ). This activity has been characterized in some detail. It is inhibited by p- fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine , an affinity label analogue of ATP and the analogue appears to label covalently a protein of M r ≈ 35 000 . The (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity did not form a ‘phosphorylated-intermediate’ and was vanadate-insensitive. These and other tests have served to demostrate that the (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity is different in properties from (Na + + K + )-ATPase , Ca 2+ -ATPase, (H + + K + )-ATPase or mitochondrial H + -ATPase. Apart from the (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase of plasma membrane and mitochondrial ATPase, the only other membrane ATPase activities noted were (Na + + K + )-ATPase , which occurred in the same fractions as the (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase at ϱ = 1.10−1.13 and was of surprisingly low activity, and an ATPase activity in light membrane fractions ( ϱ = 1.08−1.09 ) derived from zymogen granule membranes.
Tests of published mechanisms by comparison with measured laminar flame structure in fuel-rich acetylene combustion

Mole-fraction data from a laminar, premixed, C 2 H 2 /O 2 /5% Ar flame were used to test predictions of combustion-chemistry mechanisms from Miller et al., Warnatz, Westbrook, and Westbrook and Dryer. Profiles of mole fraction vs. distance were measured for 38 species at conditions of o=2.40 (slightly sooting), 2.67 kPa, and 0.5 m·s −1 cold-gas velocity using molecular-beam mass spectrometry. Profiles for 25 of these species were predicted using each of the mechanisms in a one-dimensional flame model, and the importance of individual reactions were assessed using Reaction-Path Analysis. Products and rate constants for destruction reactions of CH 2 , C 2 H 3 , C 3 H 2 , C 3 H 3 , C 3 H 4 , and C 4 H 2 proved to be key sources of error. Including C 3 H 6 chemistry is a key to the good prediction of C 2 H 3 by the Westbrook and Dryer mechanism, but using the incorrect reaction C 2 H 3 +O 2 →C 2 H 2 +HO 2 causes poor prediction of C 2 H 3 by the other mechanisms. A reversible Warnatz mechanism gave the largest number of satisfactory predictions, emphasizing the importance of reversibility.
An Optical, Near-Infrared, and Kinematic Study of Four Early-Type Resonance Ring Galaxies

?????We present optical and near-infrared surface photometry of four early-type galaxies considered to have resonance ring phenomena on the basis of morphology. We also present kinematics and rotation curves for three of the galaxies. The four galaxies are exceptional examples of resonance ring galaxies, and from these observations we derive the characteristic light distributions, the colors of the rings, and the near-infrared disk mass-to-light ratios. We also deproject the galaxies to examine intrinsic ring shapes and bar/ring alignments. From models of the rotation curves, we compute the Lindblad precession frequencies to examine resonance locations in the disks of the galaxies. Under the assumption that the outer rings and pseudorings seen in these galaxies are linked to the outer Lindblad resonance, we find that the inner rings of the sample galaxies lie near the inner 4:1 resonance and that the sharp ends of the bars lie on average at only 0.65 times the predicted radius of corotation.
“Chronic Pain as a Variant of Depressive Disease”: A Critical Reappraisal

This paper critically examines the hypothesis that chronic pain is the physical manifestation of an underlying depressive disorder, as proposed by Blumer and Heilbronn in 1982 ( Blumer , D., and Heilbronn , M. Chronic pain as a variant of depressive disease. The pain-prone disorder. J. Nerv . Ment . Dis., 170: 381-406, 1982). The logic of this argument and the empirical evidence provided by Blumer and Heilbronn to support their hypothesis are discussed and their validity challenged. Alternative interpretations for the results as well as for the relationship between pain and depression are noted. Although it may be plausible to view a small subset of chronic pain patients as manifesting a " muted depressive state," the burden of proof still lies with those theorists who adhere to this formulation.
A Survey of Cooperative Games for Cognitive Radio Networks

Cooperative cognitive radio networks are new cognitive radio paradigm. Cooperative communication approaches, such as cooperative spectrum sensing and cooperative spectrum sharing, are playing key roles in the development of cognitive radio networks. To achieve the high performance, a cooperative cognitive communication framework is often used to model various cooperative spectrum sensing or sharing scenarios. However, its implementation faces numerous challenges due to the complexity of mobility and traffic models, the needs of dynamic spectrum access, the heterogeneous requirements from different users, and the distributed structure of the network. Fortunately, cooperative game theory can be used to formulate and model the interactions among licensed and unlicensed users for spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing to efficiently allocate spectrum resource in the highly dynamic and distributed radio environment. In this paper, we first present the cooperative communication technologies and describe their existing challenges, then introduce different game solutions, after that, we discuss several cooperative game strategies, and analyze the associated their applications in cognitive radio networks, at final, some open directions for future research on economic strategies in cooperative communication in cognitive radio networks are proposed.
Presidential television advertising and public policy priorities, 1952–2000

Do presidential candidates adapt their spot messages to the public's interests? This study conducts a computer content analysis of the texts of presidential television spots from 1952–2000. Public opinion poll data on the most important issues for voters, in each campaign, are used to structure the searches. The extent to which candidate spot messages conform to the public issue agenda is determined. Democrats’ and challengers’ spot messages are significantly more aligned with the public policy priorities than Republicans or incumbents. There is no significant difference between the correlations for winners versus losers. Finally, in 5 of the 13 elections there is a significant relationship between the issues covered by the two candidates. Clearly, some candidates are better at adapting their television messages to voters and in some elections the candidates tend to discuss the same policy issues.
Severe spinal curvature in rats injected with a water-dispersible vitamin D3 preparation

Abstract Severe anterior curvature of the dorsal spine occurred in Sprague-Dawley female rats treated with excessive vitamin D 3 administered by either intramuscular or subcutaneous routes. Vitamin D 3 hydrosol is vitamin D dissolved in an aqueous phase by the use of ethanol and polyoxyethylene ricinoleic acid. The experimental rats received a total dosage of 25 mg of vitamin D 3 , i.e., the equivalent of 1,000,000 IU of vitamin D. The severe spinal curvatures were discernible grossly and radiographically. The severe spinal curvatures were reproducible, and represent a previously unreported finding of vitamin D toxicity. In this investigation, calcification occurred in the hinblimb musculature in the area of the injected vitamin D 3 . Calcinosis of the skin also occurred in the latter site. Deposition of mineral salts took place around anorganic bone implants when vitamin D 3 was injected subcutaneously once a week into the area of the bony implants. The radiopaque calcification was discernible both grossly and radiographically. There was no deposition of mineral salts when vitamin D 3 was not administered into the area of the anorganic bone implants. Vitamin D 3 is responsible for the changes occurring in the connective tissue and skeletal muscle that result in deposition of mineral salts. The constituents of anorganic bone chips failed to induce deposition of mineral salts in the absence of vitamin D 3 .
Diels-Alder reactions of bridgehead enones

La cycloaddition des dienes sur les bicyclo [3.3.1] nonene-1 ones-3 se fait en mode endo et exo. La reaction est appliquee a la synthese d'un diterpene et la famille du kaurane, le corymbol
Multi-agent reinforcement learning for planning and conflict resolution in a dynamic domain

1.1 Problem Domain Non-combatant evacuation operations, or NEOs, have been used to test a variety of coordination strategies. Though real-world NEOs have many constraint and resource conflicts, the domain used in this study models multiple transportation vehicles which transfer groups of evacuees to safe shelters. Each transport is operated asynchronously by an autonomous agent, which makes its own decision based on locally available information.
Electron Distribution Functions in a Sputtering Magnetron Discharge

The electron distribution function g(vz) in a cylindrically symmetric, planar, sputtering magnetron has been characterized using a one-sided, planar Langmuir probe. Measurements were made above the magnetic trap at six radial locations in the direction normal to the cathode. The distribution function is found to be non-Maxwellian, with a shape that depends sensitively on radial position. Near the symmetry axis, g(vz) is anisotropic and exhibits a strong electron drift from the cathode to the anode. Off axis, g(vz) is nearly symmetric and has two components: a dense, cold Maxwellian component, and a tenuous, energetic shell component.
Perceived Support and Internalizing Symptoms in African American Adolescents: Self-Esteem and Ethnic Identity as Mediators

Existing research leaves a gap in explaining why African American adolescents do not exhibit more anxiety and depression than other youth, at the same time that they experience more contextual risk factors. The current study examined the roles of social support as well as possible mediators self-esteem and ethnic identity (sense of belonging to one’s ethnic group) in reducing internalizing symptoms in 227 African American adolescents (mean age = 12.55). Structural equation models indicated that self-esteem and ethnic identity partially mediated the relation between social support and depression. For depression, ethnic identity accounted for more of the social support effect for males, whereas self-esteem had more impact for females. The mediation model for anxiety was supported in females, with self-esteem more important than ethnic identity. The results suggest that ethnic identity and self-esteem function as important links in how social support reduces internalizing symptoms in African American youth.
Commentary on West E, Barron DN and Reeves R (2005) Overcoming the barriers to patient-centred care: time, tools and training. Journal of Clinical Nursing 14, 435-443.

Over the course of the 1990s, various forms of health system restructuring and reform introduced severe cost containment measures in hospitals throughout Europe and North America, raising discontent among health care providers and patients alike (Sochalski et al. 1997, Aiken et al. 2000). While hospitals have never been seen as the easiest of modern institutions to work in or to manage, the stresses produced were considerable and continue to the present. Hospital workers (and nurses in particular) feel that they are asked to do too much with limited personnel and other resources. These trends are documented in a large-scale survey of nursing staff in some 20 acute care hospitals in London by West et al. The researchers observed that relatively few nurses characterized the quality of care in their hospitals as excellent (or as fair or poor, for that matter), and that a rather slim majority (58AE2%) felt strongly that they would want their family members cared for in their hospitals. Many also indicated that, at least sometimes, they lacked time to deal with patient anxieties, pain and symptom relief and patient and family education needs. They reported not always having basic resources to provide care. Specifically, they indicated that the appropriateness of the physical environments, adequacy of staffing levels and availability of equipment were problematic. They also expressed a wide range of learning needs, many related to safety issues. Most notably, a majority felt that they needed more training in handling aggressive behavior. Distressingly, verbal and physical abuses were not uncommon (44 and 14% of the nurses experienced each type more than once in the past six months, respectively).
Non-classic characteristics define prominent DNase activities from the intestine and other tissues of Haemonchus contortus

The anthelmintic fenbendazole (FBZ) induces nuclear DNA fragmentation (DF) in intestinal cells of Haemonchus contortus. The DNA fragments had 3'-OH, which suggests involvement of a neutral DNase. To identify candidate DNase(s) involved, DNase activity in H. contortus intestine and other worm fractions was characterized relative to classic DNases I (neutral) and II (acidic). Seven distinct DNase activities were identified and had Mrs of 34, 36, 37 or 38.5 kDa on zymographic analysis. The different activities were distinguished according to pH requirement, sensitivity to 10 mM EDTA and worm compartment. Activities of intestinal DNases at 34, 36 and 38.5 kDa were sensitive to EDTA at pH 5.0 and 7.0. Sensitivity to EDTA at pH 5.0 was unexpected compared to classic acidic DNase II activity, suggesting unusual properties of these DNases. In whole worms, however, the activities at 36 and 38.5 kDa were relatively insensitive to EDTA, indicating predominance of DNases that are distinct from the intestine. The activity at 37 kDa in excretory/secretory products had an acidic pH requirement and was insensitive to EDTA, resembling classic acidic DNase activity. Under conditions of pH 5.0 and 7.0, intestinal DNases produced 3'-ends that could be labeled by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, indicating presence of 3'-OH. The labeling of 3'-ends at pH 5.0, again, was unexpected for acidic DNase activity. These results and several other activities suggest that multiple H. contortus DNases have characteristics distinct from the classic mammalian DNases I and II. Treatment of H. contortus with FBZ did not induce any detectable DNase activities distinct from normal intestine, although relative activities of intestinal DNases appear to have been altered by this treatment.
Excessive resource control and strategic alliance failure

The use of domestic and international strategic alliances to develop new technologies continues to grow despite the high numbers of strategic alliance failure. While opportunism, trust, and perceived control are all noted by researchers as a basis for choosing among various types of alliance arrangements, control issues within ongoing alliances have been under-researched. We propose that partners in non-equity technology alliances control their contributions to the partnership and, depending on the level of trust between the partners, may choose to restrain their resource contributions. This paper fuses resource dependency theory with trust literature to explain how antecedent conditions and resource control can increase the risk of failure in international strategic alliances. From a managerial perspective, understanding these causes, and altering their behaviour accordingly, will reduce the firm's likelihood of alliance failure and enhance the technological cooperation necessary for strategic success.
Convection in a shallow rectangular cavity due to internal heat generation

Abstract Steady two-dimensional convective motions generated in a shallow cavity by uniformly distributed internal heat sources are analysed for the case where the vertical end walls are isothermal and the horizontal boundaries are adiabatic. Rayleigh numbers are considered for which the flow and temperature fields in the cavity are influenced by nonlinear effects. Solutions are obtained using the method of matched asymptotic expansions.
Resistance-foil strain-gage technology as applied to composite materials

A general review of existing strain-gage technologies as applied to orthotropic-composite materials is given. The specific topics addressed are gage-bonding procedures, transverse-sensitivity effects, errors due to gage misalignment, and temperature-compensation methods. The discussion is supplemented by numerical examples where appropriate. It is shown that the orthotropic behavior of composites can result in experimental error which would not be expected based on practical experience with isotropic materials. In certain cases, the transverse sensitivity of strain gages and/or slight gage misalignment can result in strain-measurement errors exceeding 50 percent.
Impact of geographic density of eye care professionals on eye care among adults with diabetes.

Objective: To examine the impact of the geographic density of eye care professionals (ECPs) on the receipt of annual dilated eye examinations among adults in the United States with diabetes.Method: Data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were linked to the 2007 Area Resource File to examine the association between the density of ECPs (ophthalmologists and optometrists) per 100,000 people and self-reports of having had a dilated eye examination in the last year. The sample included adults aged 18+ years with diabetes (N = 29,495). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to estimate adjusted odds ratios of annual dilated eye examinations, while controlling for age, sex, marital status and education, and stratifying by health insurance.Results: Approximately 10% of respondents with diabetes lived in counties with no ECPs. Prevalence of being uninsured was 7.4% and 15.5% in those with and without dilated eye exams, respectively. After controlling for covariates and stratifying by ...
Vapor Pressure of Water at Its Triple Point: Highly Accurate Value

The vapor pressure of water at its triple point was measured with greatly increased accuracy. The triple point was realized with newly designed equipment that enhanced the stability of the pressure and permitted any air released from solution to be removed by pumping. A diaphragm pressure transducer separated the water vapor from the helium used to transmit the pressure to the manometer. The pressure was measured with the National Bureau of Standards precision mercury manometer. The vapor pressure at the triple point was found to be 611.657 pascals with random uncertainties at the 99 percent confidence level of ± 0.010 pascal. The systematic errors are estimated to be relatively insignificant.
Serum Müllerian Inhibiting Substance/anti-Müllerian hormone levels in patients with adult granulosa cell tumors directly correlate with aggregate tumor mass as determined by pathology or radiology.

Abstract Objectives Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) comprise 2–5% of ovarian tumors. Serum Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS, also known as anti-Mullerian hormone, or AMH) levels have been validated as a marker of GCT recurrence and progression. There has been little correlation between serum MIS/AMH levels and several clinical parameters in GCTs, including tumor burden. We have performed a retrospective review correlating aggregate tumor mass as reported by pathologic examination or by radiology with serum MIS/AMH levels drawn on the date of examination. Methods We retrospectively identified 32 GCT patients at our institution over the last 15 years who had serum MIS/AMH measurements. Patients who had serum MIS/AMH measurements within three days of surgery or on the same day as abdominal computerized tomography scan (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were further evaluated. Results We found a significant direct correlation between patient serum MIS/AMH levels and gross aggregate tumor mass determined by pathology (slope=15.4±6.06, r =0.65, p r =0.33, p r =0.93, p p Conclusions These data indicate a significant direct correlation between serum MIS/AMH levels and both gross and radiographic aggregate tumor mass in GCT patients. Together with the current literature, the present data argue for a more prominent role for serum MIS/AMH in the management of GCTs.