cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of Copolymers containing fluorine-substituted distyrylbenzene and nonconjugated spacers

Copolymers containing fluorinated distyrylbenzenes as conjugated segments have been synthesized using the Horner−Emmons reaction of dialdehydes and diphosphonates. The presence of well-defined conj...
Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence.

Objective To determine the incidence of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence in a population-based cohort, and to describe their clinical characteristics. Methods Our retrospective cohort study included all patients undergoing surgical treatment for prolapse and incontinence during 1995; all were members of Kaiser Permanente Northwest, which included 149,554 women age 20 or older. A standardized data-collection form was used to review all inpatient and outpatient charts of the 395 women identified. Variables examined included age, ethnicity, height, weight, vaginal parity, smoking history, medical history, and surgical history, including the preoperative evaluation, procedure performed, and details of all prior procedures. Analysis included calculation of age-specific and cumulative incidences and determination of the number of primary operations compared with repeat operations performed for prolapse or incontinence. Results The age-specific incidence increased with advancing age. The lifetime risk of undergoing a single operation for prolapse or incontinence by age 80 was 11.1%. Most patients were older, postmenopausal, parous, and overweight. Nearly half were current or former smokers and one-fifth had chronic lung disease. Reoperation was common (29.2% of cases), and the time intervals between repeat procedures decreased with each successive repair. Conclusion Pelvic floor dysfunction is a major health issue for older women, as shown by the 11.1% lifetime risk of undergoing a single operation for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence, as well as the large proportion of reoperations. Our results warrant further epidemiologic research in order to determine the etiology, natural history, and long-term treatment outcomes of these conditions.
An assessment of the core damage frequency of a PWR at shutdown

Abstract The core damage frequency of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) at shutdown was assessed for three types of initiating events: loss of residual heat removal, loss of offsite power, and loss of coolant inventory. The assessment takes into consideration different plant conditions in different types of outages, and uses failure data collected specifically for shutdown conditions. In particular, events occuring during mid-loop operations in which the reactor vessel level is lowered to the hotleg mid-plane were analyzed and found to be the dominant contributor to core damage. A total core damage frequency of approximately 5·22 × 10 −5 per year was obtained. The dominant cause of core damage was found to be human errors during mid-loop operations. The reduction in core damage frequency due to three plant improvements was also estimated. The improvements are (1) upgraded instrumentation with emergency procedures for shutdown conditions, (2) upgraded vessel level indication, and (3) removal of auto-closure interlock on the RHR suction valves.
High molecular weight isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in human serum. Demonstration by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and physico-chemical characterization.

Abstract Using a new electrophoretic method employing cellulose acetate plates we have found that up to four high molecular weight isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase may be present in the sera of cancer patients. 134 of 201 sera contained a “pre-liver” isoenzyme which migrated with serum alpha-1 globulins. Twenty-two of the 134 sera contained the pre-liver isoenzyme with 1 or 2 of 3 “slower” isoenzymes which migrated with the beta and gamma globulins. Chromatographic studies showed that the 4 unusual isoenzymes elute from Sephadex G-200 with high molecular weight serum proteins. The pre-liver isoenzyme showed isoenzyme inhibition properties that are similar to those of an isoenzyme extracted from bile, while the 3 slower isoenzymes gave inhibition data that is similar to the intestinal isoenzyme. The high molecular weight isoenzymes are completely inhibited by heating at 65°. The four unusual isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase were present most frequently in the sera of patients who had clinical and laboratory evidence of metastatic and obstructive liver disease.
The impact of order on improvement of serial operations

The impact of order on the overall cost of a product manufactured by independent serial processes is well known. Process improvement and subsequent cost reduction is always an objective. Constrained financial resources are usually the case. This paper combines these three aspects to give direction to the use of financial resources to optimize the cost reductions in a serial process. In the paper it is shown that a non-optimal sequence may have the most potential when the resources are properly applied.
Nonlinear response of N2O flux to incremental fertilizer addition in a continuous maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system

The relationship between nitrous oxide (N2O) flux and N availability in agricultural ecosystems is usually assumed to be linear, with the same proportion of nitrogen lost as N2O regardless of input level. We conducted a 3-year, high-resolution N fertilizer response study in southwest Michigan USA to test the hypothesis that N2O fluxes increase mainly in response to N additions that exceed crop N needs. We added urea ammonium nitrate or granular urea at nine levels (0‐292kgNha � 1 ) to four replicate plots of continuous maize. We measured N2O fluxes and available soil N biweekly following fertilization and grain yields at the end of the growing season. From 2001 to 2003 N2O fluxes were moderately low (ca. 20gN2O-Nha � 1 day � 1 ) at levels of N addition to 101kgNha � 1 , where grain yields were maximized, after which fluxes more than doubled (to 450gN2O-Nha � 1 day � 1 ). This threshold N2O response to N fertilization suggests that agricultural N2O fluxes could be reduced with no or little yield penalty by reducing N fertilizer inputs to levels that just satisfy crop needs.
The Nickel-Chromium Crown for Restoring Posterior Primary Teeth

The differences between the recently marketed nickel-chromium crown and other crowns available for primary posterior teeth are compared. Indications for use of preformed crowns are reviewed and techniques of tooth preparation, crown adaptation, and cementation are described.
Reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy of thin films using an external cavity quantum cascade laser

We present experimental demonstrations using a broadly tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser (ECQCL) to perform Reflection-Absorption InfraRed Spectroscopy (RAIRS) of thin layers and residues on surfaces. The ECQCL compliance voltage was used to measure fluctuations in the ECQCL output power and improve the performance of the RAIRS measurements. Absorption spectra from self-assembled monolayers of a fluorinated alkane thiol and a thiol carboxylic acid were measured and compared with FTIR measurements. RAIRS spectra of the explosive compounds PETN, RDX, and tetryl deposited on gold substrates were also measured. Rapid measurement times and low noise were demonstrated, with <1E-3 absorbance noise for a 10 second measurement time.
Reliability and validity of the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score in Spanish (OABSS-S).

Purpose To validate the Spanish translation of the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaire. Materials and Methods The OABSS was translated into Spanish (OABSS-S) and back translated. The OABSS-S was self-administered to subjects, following internal IRB and ISPOR Good Practices guidelines. Spanish speaking patients >18 years of age were recruited from primary care clinics. Content validity was achieved by having the first 25 subjects complete the questionnaire in privacy; afterwards they were interviewed and the clarity of each question was discussed with the patient. All subjects recruited, including the first 25, were divided into two groups by the presence of OAB as determined by a previously validated intake question. Subjects completed the OABSS-S in privacy on two occasions within 10 days. Patients were excluded if their symptoms changed between the first and second administration of the questionnaire. Internal consistency was determined with Cronbach's alpha. Test–retest was determined by Spearman's rho. Discriminant validity was assessed between each group using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test. Results One hundred and seventeen of 128 enrolled subjects completed this study (mean age 55; SD 18). Of 117, 74 (63%) were women 29 with OAB and 45 without OAB. There were 43 men (37%), 18 with OAB and 25 without OAB. A high level of consistency was observed among the seven items answered at visit 1 and 2, with a Cronbach's raw alpha statistic of 0.92. No differences in OABSS-S with age or gender were noted. However, subgroup analysis showed patients in the OAB group were significantly older and post-test analysis showed they had higher scores both for each individual question as well as overall symptom severity scores. Spearman's rank order correlation coefficients showed that there was significant difference between the seven items of the OABSS-S; a strong association (Spearman's rho) was also observed between the total seven-item score at visits 1 and 2 for the total score of all subjects r = 0.84, with OAB: r = 0.81, and without OAB: r = 0.83. Comparison of average total scores obtained for all patients at visits 1 and 2 was not significant (10.47 ± 6.53 vs. 11.02 ± 0.66). Discriminant validity testing revealed that there were significant differences in the responses between all diagnostic groups at visits 1 and 2: with OAB versus without OAB; total versus with OAB; total versus without OAB. Conclusion The Spanish version of the OABSS is valid and reliable and will allow health care providers to easily and quickly assess a Spanish-speaking patient's symptoms. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:664–668, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Private Equity and Public Good

The collapse of the credit markets over the last year has hit more than just the homebuilding and mortgage sectors of the economy. As interest rates increased, private equity, or "PE," an important new form of financial capital, was also rocked on its heels.
Generation of 50W of 1178 nm via Amplification of the Second Stokes

A novel 50 W narrow linewidth 1178 nm Raman laser involving amplification of the second Stokes in a 1121 nm resonance cavity is reported. 1121 nm cavity power along with Stimulated Brillouin Scattering are important design considerations.
Climacteric flushing in a patient with carcinoid tumour.

SUMMARY A 70-year-old man had frequent flushing attacks and a carcinoid tumour was verified histologically. The characteristics of his flushing reaction were typical of climacteric flushing and he had undergone orchiectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate 2 years ago. Laboratory studies indicated a normal production of serotonin and excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. A rapid and complete remission of the flushing attacks was obtained with oral diethylstilbesterol therapy. Thus, although the patient had a carcinoid tumour, he was having post-orchiectomy climateric flushing reactions.
Project GUARDIAN: proposals for the development of information technology policy in context of the war on terror

Heretofore, we always thought of our greatest national security threats as being external. Now, however, the threat is pervasive, i.e., internal as well. As the attacks of September 11, 2001 exhibited, the old methods of collecting and analyzing information have failed to protect us from the terrorist threat. While new technologies exist to counter terrorism, there is a hesitation to accept many of these for fear that they intrude upon personal privacy. Hence, the Potomac Institute is seeking to create the policy paradigm that will allow for the use of new information technologies that will enable the disruption of terrorist before they occur, while protecting our fundamental civil liberties.
A possible nonvisual function of the lateral geniculate nuclei in the white rat

After learning either a maze habit or an active avoidance response, rats underwent either enucleation of the eyes or bilateral destruction of the lateral geniculate nuclei or occipital cortex. Savings scores disclosed that the rats with lateral geniculate or occipital lesions were significantly inferior to the enucleated group in retention of the maze. While occipital lesions impaired retention of the avoidance habit, lateral geniculate lesions did not. Neither geniculate nor occipital lesions impaired retention of an incline plane discrimination learned in the absence of vision.
Aiding international students and scholars to comply with U.S. taxation: A training program for accounting students

Abstract There are more than 350,000 international students and scholars studying, teaching, and doing research in American colleges and universities. Many of these individuals are obligated to file federal and state income tax returns. Due to problems with the English language, the complexity of U.S. tax law, and the difficulty in obtaining competent assistance, many of these persons do not correctly fulfill their tax reporting obligations. This problem poses an opportunity for appropriately trained accounting students to assist fellow international students and in doing so, obtain valuable learning experiences. The author describes a program he designed and supervised, with the consent of the IRS, which modifies the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program. Included in the article are detailed instructions for the establishment of a VITA center and a discussion of the issues that are unique to the taxation of nonresident aliens.
Radioimmunoassay of plasma renin activity

Plasma renin activity is quantitated bymeasuring the rate of angiotensin generation during incubation of plasma renin with endogenous renin substrate. The angiotensin is quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Our studies indicate that the incubation step is best carried out in undiluted plasma at the pH optimum for renin (pH 5.7) in the presence of EDTA, neomycin, and DFP or PMSF. By using these conditions, incubation of low-renin samples can be prolonged for up to 18 hr, because angiotensinases and converting enzyme are completely inhibited. Accuracy is enhanced by prolongation of the incubation time, which results in more angiotensin and eliminates the need for blank subtraction. Incubation at pH 7.4 is disadvantageousbecause of lower rates of generation of angiotensin I, because of the inability to maintain pH constant without addition of strong buffer, and because the incubation step cannot be prolonged beyond 3 hr. Dilution of plasma is undesirable because it results in a slower reaction rate due to dilution of both enzyme and substrate, and it is not possible to correct for the effect of substrate dilution. The radioimmunoassay of angiotensin Ipresents few unusual problems. The volume of plasma assayed should be 20 μl or less. If blank subtraction is used, antibodies should be screened to determine the extent to which they bind nonspecific substances in plasma, and then to ascertain whether the blank is entirely additive when angiotensin is added to it. Assay sensitivity is an important issue, since approximately 30% of patients with essential hypertension have subnormal plasma renin activity. In a study of three different commercial kits we found that many low-renin samples were undetectable and major fractions could not be discriminated with precision or consistency from normal renin samples. However, the incubation conditions can be easily modified, so that an 18-hr incubation can be utilized and then low-renin samples can be detected with the same degree of accuracy as those with normal plasma renin activity.
On the origin of the “kleine Kügelchen” called Chondrules

Abstract In this paper we investigate two major issues: (1) What are chondrules, and (2) why do they exist? We review the literature pertaining to each question and explore answers. We discuss the diversity of chondrules, especially with regard to their igneous textures and compositions. We review the constraints that have been placed experimentally on the thermal histories of chondrules and list those fundamental properties that all chondrule formation models must explain quantitatively in order to be considered predictive, quantitative models. We provide background on the three major classes of chondrule formation models currently being discussed, and scrutinize each with respect to how well they adhere to the experimental constraints placed on chondrule formation. Finally, we list several unresolved issues that are now or will soon be at the forefront of chondrule research.
Response to Systemic Hemodynamic Changes in Older Hypertensive Patients After Drinking Water or Eating a Meal

Ferreira-Filho et al1 are to be commended for their work assessing the hemodynamic impact of food and water. We can attest to the difficulties involved in conducting careful patient-oriented investigations as they have done in this research letter. They note that whereas water had a pressor response in their patients, food intake caused …
Speech recognition and subjective perceptions of neck-loop FM receivers with cochlear implants.

Purpose The goal of this investigation was to determine the potential benefit of using electromagnetically coupled frequency modulation (FM) neck-loop receivers to address common communication diff...
The incorporation of 3H-cytosine arabinoside and its effect on murine leukemic cells (L5178Y).

Abstract Murine leukemic cells, L5178Y, inhibited by a low level of cytosine arabino-side (3.0 × 10 −7 M) for 6 hr could be rescued by deoxycytidine. Cells exposed to higher concentrations of cytosine arabinoside (3.3 × 10 −6 M) for short periods of time (2 hr) could not be rescued by deoxycytidine. Acute cell death was the major toxic effect ofcytosine arabinoside at the higher concentrations and delay of cell division was of minor importance. 3 H-Cytosine arabinoside monophosphate was isolated from DNA and RNA fractions prepared by different methods. A time-dependent incorporation of eytosine arabinoside was found in the cold acid-soluble, RNA and DNA fractions. The incorporation into RNA could be correlated with irreversible inhibition of cell reproduction.
Regulation of synthesis of bacteriophage T7 lysozyme mRNA

An analysis of the kinetics of synthesis of lysozyme and lysozyme mRNA after T7 infection reveals a lag between the appearance of lysozyme mRNA and the appearance of lysozyme activity. This lag is not due to post-translational modification of the protein or to the presence of a lysozyme inhibitor in early extracts. The lysozyme mRNA does not appear to be unusually stable as judged by the decline in functional mRNA concentration late in infection. The lysozyme mRNA is transcribed in vivo only by the phage-coded RNA polymerase, whereas in vitro the E. coli RNA polymerase can transcribe the lysozyme gene. However, transcription of the lysozyme gene in vitro by E. coli RNA polymerase is prevented by the host termination factor, rho. Thus, the lysozyme gene is clearly one of the late genes of T7 rather than an early gene, and its messenger appears to be under some form of transient translational control.
Document page decomposition using bounding boxes of connected components of black pixels

Segmentation of document images can be performed by projecting image pixels. This pixel projection approach is one of widely used top-down segmentation methods and is based on the assumption that the document image has been correctly deskewed. Unfortunately, the pixel projection approach is computationally inefficient. It is because each symbol is not treated as a computational unit. In this paper, we explain a new technique which is highly tactical in the profiling analysis. Instead of projecting image pixels, we first compute the bounding box of each connected component in a document image and then we project those bounding boxes. Using the new technique, this paper describes how to extract words, text lines, and text blocks (e.g., paragraphs). This bounding box projection approach has many advantages over the pixel projection approach. It is less computationally involved. When applied to text zones, it is also possible to infer from the projection profiles how bounding boxes (and, therefore, primitive symbols) are aligned and/or where significant horizontal and vertical gaps are present. Since the new technique manipulates only bounding boxes, it can be applied to any noncursive language documents.
Antimicrobial Specificity of Leukocyte Lysosomal Cationic Proteins

Diflerences in antimicrobial specificities against Staphylococcusaureus, Streptococcus faecalis (groupD),and Proteus vulgaris exist amongthe electrophoretically separable components of lysosomal cationic proteins of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Response to Steven Plaut

Steven Plaut has written a very forceful critique, full of incendiary language. But for the most part, Plaut misunderstands my original piece. He either ascribes views to me that I do not hold, or his own view is a restatement of mine, albeit with the addition of polemic moral language, rather than a critique of my point of view. In many cases Plaut ascribes to me the very opposite of what I wrote. I will go through his major points in turn, noting in advance that he never quotes my paper or cites a page number from it. In each case I will respond with an exact quotation.
On the growth rate of generalized Fibonacci numbers

Let α(t) be the limiting ratio of the generalized Fibonacci numbers produced by summing along lines of slope t through the natural arrayal of Pascal's triangle. We prove that is an even function.
Dalbavancin: A Review of Its Use in the Treatment of Gram-positive Infections

Dalbavancin is an intravenous semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide which has demonstrated potent in vitro activity again most clinically significant Gram-positive pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, and some vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. The long half-life of dalbavancin allows for once weekly dosing. In published clinical trials, a dose on day 1 and 8 of treatment provided 14 days of antimicrobial activity. In clinical trials, dalbavancin has demonstrated non-inferiority as measured by safety and efficacy for the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections (Phase II as compared to cefazolin), catheter-related bloodstream infections (Phase II as compared to vancomycin), and complicated skin and skin structure infections (Phase III as compared to linezolid). Due to feedback from the Food and Drug Administration, all marketing has been withdrawn and an additional phase III trial is currently underway; therefore the future for dalbavancin is unclear. An acquisition cost has not yet been projected; consequently pharmacoeconomic analyses are not yet underway.
Initialization of Fractional-Order Operators and Fractional Differential Equations

It has been known that the initialization of fractional operators requires time-varying functions, a complicating factor. This paper simplifies the process of initialization of fractional differential equations by deriving Laplace transforms for the initialized fractional integral and derivative that generalize those for the integer-order operators. The new transforms unify the initialization of systems of fractional and ordinary differential equations. The paper provides background on past work in the area and determines the Laplace transforms for the initialized fractional integral and fractional derivatives of any (real) order. An application provides insight and demonstrates the theory.
Derivatives are essentially integer partitions

Abstract • Matrix notation simplifies derivatives and relates them to integer partitions. • By differentiation, terms are D n ( f 1 ∘⋯∘ f m ) are related to terms of D n +1 ( f 1 ∘⋯∘ f m ). By matrix notation, terms of D n ( f 1 ∘⋯∘ f m ) are related to terms of D n ( f 1 ∘⋯∘ f m +1 ). • Let M ( m , n ) be the number of terms of the nth derivative of a composition of m functions. Then M ( m +1, n )=∑ N =0 n p ( n , N ) M ( m , N ), where p ( n , k ) is the number of integer partitions of n into k parts.
The therapeutic use of ritual and ceremony in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder

The therapeutic purposes and effects of specially designed ceremonies in the treatment of persons with post-traumatic stress disorder are described. Ceremonies compartmentalize the review of the trauma, provide symbolic enactments of transformation of previously shattered relationships, and reestablish connections among family and with society in general. Four ceremonies used with Vietnam combat veterans are described which focus on the themes of separation from and return to the family, forgiveness of the living, and releasing the dead. Ritual and ceremony are highly efficient vehicles for accessing and containing intense emotions evoked by traumatic experience. Evaluation by family and veterans judge these ceremonies to be the most effective components of treatment.
External Auditory Canal Translocation for Cochlear Implantation

INTRODUCTION Cochlear implantation has become an increasingly common operation for sensorineural hearing loss, with thousands of implantations having been performed worldwide. In most cases, the transmastoid, facial recess approach facilitates entry into the middle ear and usually allows visualization of the round window (RW) niche. Occasionally, the relationships of the osseous external auditory canal (EAC), RW niche, and facial nerve may impair adequate visualization for creation of a cochleostomy. In this situation, a transcanal approach, canal wall down mastoidectomy, or moving the cochleostomy to an alternative location may be necessary. The present report describes a case in which visualization of the RW niche was impaired despite standard mastoidectomy, facial recess techniques. The posterior wall of the osseous EAC was translocated anteriorly, keeping the canal skin intact. After this maneuver, the cochleostomy was easily drilled and the implant electrode inserted without difficulty. The advantages and potential complications of this technique are discussed.
Fundamentals of Secondary Electron Emission

Secondary electron emission is of great importance to the physicist because of its bearing upon the problem of the interactions between fundamental particles and to the radio engineer because of its applications, as well as its effect, upon the operation of electronic tubes. A complete theoretical picture capable of accounting quantitatively for all observed phenomena does not exist. Secondary electron emission differs from other modes of emission in many respects. The essential characteristics can best be evaluated by considering a typical experimental arrangement for investigating the phenomenon. Three categories of emitted electrons are recognized. The yield may depend upon various factors, such as the primary energy, collector voltage, target temperature, time, angle of incidence, atomic properties of target, and the composition of the target. The difficulties of propounding a satisfactory theory are evident from an individual consideration of each of the various processes involved. The primary interaction, primary energy loss, escape of secondaries, and integration over the range of the primary must each be treated to arrive at a final solution. In several previous attempts at formulating a theory, only the most loosely bound electrons in the solid have been regarded as constituting the source of secondary electrons. Normalizations are required for comparison of the results with existing experimental data. There are cogent reasons for regarding bound electrons as a very important source of secondaries.
A cross-linguistic analysis of the response distributions of restricted word associations

Summary One-hundred S s in each of 12 widely divergent linguistic communities were administered a standardized restricted word-association test consisting of 100 substantive stimuli. The S s were instructed to provide a single response which conformed to the requirements of substitutability in a test frame designed to restrict responses to qualifiers only. The total frequency of all unique responses, excluding grammatically inflected responses, was tabulated. Categories of equal frequency of occurrence were determined and the distribution of the number of responses sharing the same frequency of occurrence was plotted. It was hypothesized that these distributions should substantially conform to a theoretical distribution of the lognormal form, since many aspects of the word-association task have high similarity to the generative rules of the lognormal distribution. The obtained distributions were found to conform sensibly to the hypothesized distribution. An analysis of the variance explained by the lognormal equations of best fit to the transformed points indicated that very little variance remained unaccounted for by the hypothesized distribution. Accordingly, variations of the estimated parameters were examined for clues as to the nature of the processes these parameters might reflect. The concept of stereotypy of response was introduced and defined as the degree of response uniformity across both S s and stimuli. More generally, it was suggested that this stereotypy could be expected to be the result of stable linguistic conventions. The individual's responsiveness to these conventions was assumed to be a function of his sensitivity to response repetition within the limits established by the speech community.
Calling All Department Heads and Chairs

The AGU Heads and Chairs Workshop, offered at the Fall Meeting each year, provides an opportunity for experienced and new heads and chairs of Earth and space science departments to meet one another, discuss successful strategies and challenges, and get tips on how to build stronger departments. This year's 1-day workshop will be held on Sunday, 8 December 2013.
Deoxycytidylate and Deoxyguanylate Kinase Activity in Pneumococci after Exposure to Known Polyribonucleotides

Polycytidylic acid and to a lesser extent polyadenylic acid enhance the activity of deoxycytidylate and deoxyguanylate kinases in resting cell suspensions of encapsulated pneumococci. The active intracellular materials appear to be oligomers of A and C, respectively. The stimulation of the kinase activities is amino-acid dependent and can be abolished by the addition of chloramphenicol. The addition of all eight naturally occurring deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleotides to cell suspensions containing the homopolymers leads to a selective enhancement of DNA synthesis.
Relationships between specific leaf weight and mineral concentration among genotypes

Abstract Physiological functions are usually expressed on a leaf area basis, whereas leaf mineral concentrations are often expressed on a dry matter basis. If specific leaf weight (SLW; g DM m−2 leaf) differs among genotypes then variability in mineral concentration may depend on the basis of expression. Data from experiments with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] lines and from the literature were used to examine relationships between leaf mineral concentration and SLW. Peanut and pearl millet were grown in pots in the greenhouse in soil and solution cultures. Specific leaf weight and ash and mineral concentrations were determined at the end of the experiments. Leaf ash concentration on a dry matter basis was negatively correlated with SLW and the correlation coefficients were significant in six of nine comparisons for the two species; r = −0.65 to −0.93. In the one peanut experiment in which mineral elements were determined, the correlations with ash were due mainly to correlations with Ca and Mg, while in pearl millet, correlations were due mainly to K. The slope of a plot of leaf constituents per unit of leaf area against SLW for a range of lines is a measure of the contribution of that leaf constituent to increased SLW. From data in the literature it appears that increased SLW is due mostly to the increase of cell wall components and nonstructural carbohydrates, and sometimes protein. Leaf mineral per unit of leaf area appears to be unrelated or only slightly increased with increased SLW and thus declines on a unit weight basis because of dilution by increased cell wall content or soluble carbohydrate.
NHLBI Strategic Visioning: setting an agenda together for the NHLBI of 2025

To the editor: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) community has established a long legacy of research success, resulting in dramatic improvements in longevity and quality of life. To continually advance its mission of research that enhances public health, the NHLBI is embarking
Solubilization and partial purification of mitochondrial δ-aminolevulinate synthase from fetal rat liver

Abstract A particulate preparation of δ-aminolevulinate synthase (EC 2.3.1.37) from fetal rat liver mitochondria has been rendered soluble by treatment with the non-ionic detergent Lubrol WX-4. A partial purification of the detergent-solubilized enzyme was achieved by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Unlike the adult mitochondrial enzyme, δ-aminolevulinate synthase from fetal liver is inhibited by NaCl but not by hemin.
Work- and buffer-conserving control with prediction in broadband networks

ABSTRACT To efficiently utilize resources in broadband networks, we propose a control method for balancing work- and buffer- conserving service disciplines that is based on the use of prediction. Three key concepts are discussed in this study.First, it is noted that feedback control with a predictor can minimize buffer backlog. Second, it is proven that witha dynamic balance, the globally optimal bandwidth assignments for all virtual circuits (VCs) can be determined byminimizing an appropriate cost function. Lastly, via trace-driven simulation, it is shown that assigning bandwidth based on this hybrid balance of work- and buffer-conserving service results in a reduction in cell loss when comparedto a traditional work-conserving algorithm. The simulation traces were generated from an MPEG-encoded video.Keywords: p rediction-based control, work-conserving service, buffer-conserving service, broadband networks, ATMnetworks, trace-driven simulation 1. INTRODUCTION For a number of years, broadband (ISDN) networks have been the focus of much research. An important characteristicof this class of networks is their ability to support a broad range of voice, data, image, and/or video services, including
The intracellular behavior of Torulopsis glabrata.

In glucose-peptone broth Torulopsis glabrata has a generation time of approximately 45 minutes. Growth in a 24 hr. period was markedly inhibited in mouse histiocytes maintained in tissue culture. The inhibition was not due solely to the fungistatic effect of the serum in the tissue culture medium, although this factor did affect the growth of T. glabrata in glucose-peptone broth. The inability of the fungus to proliferate in the internal milieu of cultured mouse histiocytes suggests that it is not a facultative intracellular parasite.
Saving Face for Darwin: The Functions and Uses of Embarrassment

In this article, we review diverse studies of the antecedents, facial display, and social consequences of embarrassment. These studies indicate that embarrassment serves an appeasement function, reconciling social relations when they have gone awry. We then speculate about how embarrassment is elaborated into more complex social interactions, such as teasing and flirtation. We conclude by raising questions about the blush and embarrassment that await empirical consideration.
Effects of causally driven cusp O⁺ outflow on the storm time magnetosphere-ionosphere system using a multifluid global simulation

densities in the inner magnetosphere can increase the strength of the ring current, reducing Dst and inflating the magnetosphere. This effect is mostly found for the less energetic outflow specification. O + outflow is found to reduce the access of solar wind ions to the inner magnetosphere, which, through the MI coupling in LFM reduces the precipitating electron power, conductance and field‐aligned currents. The effect outflow has on the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) depends upon two competing factors. The reduction in Region I currents when outflow is present appears to increase the CPCP whilst the inflation of the magnetosphere due to an enhanced ring current decreases the CPCP. Citation: Brambles, O. J., W. Lotko, P. A. Damiano, B. Zhang, M. Wiltberger, and J. Lyon (2010), Effects of causally driven cusp O + outflow on the storm time magnetosphere‐ionosphere system using a multifluid global simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 115,
Simultaneous placement and assignment for exploration in mobile backbone networks

This paper presents new algorithms for conducting cooperative sensing using a mobile backbone network. This hierarchical sensing approach combines backbone nodes, which have superior mobility and communication capability, with regular nodes, which are constrained in mobility and communication capability but which can sense the environment. In the framework of a cooperative exploration problem, a technique is developed for simultaneous placement and assignment of regular and mobile backbone nodes. This method, a generalization of existing techniques that only consider stationary regular nodes, optimally solves the simultaneous placement and assignment problem in computationally tractable time for problems of moderate size. For large-scale instances of this problem, a polynomial-time approximation algorithm is developed. This algorithm carries the benefit of a theoretical performance guarantee and also performs well in practice. Finally, the simultaneous placement and assignment technique is incorporated into a cooperative exploration algorithm, and its performance is shown to compare favorably with that of a benchmark based on existing assignment algorithms for mobile backbone networks.
Transients In Arc Welding Generators With Experimental Verification

This paper gives a mathematical analysis of armature and field transients in d-c generators of the type used in arc welding. The analysis is reduced to the simplest form, and is exact, under the premises given. Armature and field currents only are treated, and comparisons between calculated and experimental graphs are shown.
How dense should a sensor network be for detection applications

A binary decentralized detection problem is studied in which a collection of wireless sensor nodes provides relevant information about their environment to a fusion center. The observations at the nodes are samples of a finite state Markov process under each hypothesis. The nodes transmit their data to a fusion center over a multiple access channel. Upon reception of the information, the fusion center selects one of the two possible hypotheses. It is assumed that the sensor system is constrained by the capacity of the multiple access channel over which the sensor nodes are transmitting. Thus, as the node density increases, the sensor observations get more correlated, and, furthermore, fewer bits can be transmitted by each sensor node. A framework is presented in this paper for deriving design guidelines relating sensor density to system performance under a total communication constraint. The framework is based on large deviation theory applied to the asymptotic regime where the number of sensor nodes is large. This framework is applied to a specific example to compare the gains offered by having a higher node density with the benefits of getting detailed information from each sensor.
Characterizing the Shape of a Hen’s Egg

Abstract Two models of egg shell shape have been examined theoretically and experimentally. Correlation of measured and computed shapes were calculated and a two parameter ellipse and parabola model was shown to be a superior characterization of egg shell shape. Several figures illustrate the versatility of the egg shape model and the goodness of fit with several egg profiles.
Successful Enrollment in Text4Baby More Likely With Higher Health Literacy

Adequate health literacy is vital for understanding and using health information. The authors assessed the health literacy of pregnant women and mothers of children under the age of 1 year and their success in self-enrolling in the Text4Baby health message program: 468 pregnant women and mothers of children under the age of 1 year completed an in-person baseline survey, including the Newest Vital Sign health literacy assessment, at 2 Metro-Atlanta Women, Infants, and Children clinics. They were asked to self-enroll in the Text4Baby message program and were later contacted by phone to see whether they had attempted to enroll in the program and whether they were successful. Of the 333 women contacted by phone to assess enrollment efforts, 21% had a high likelihood of limited literacy (a score of 0–1 on the Newest Vital Sign assessment), 48% had a chance of limited literacy (a score of 2–3), and 31% had adequate literacy (a score of 4–6). Attempting to self-enroll was not associated with health literacy (p =...
Radiocarbon Samples: Chemical Removal of Plant Contaminants

Roots and similar plant matter can be efficiently removed from charcoal samples by nitration and acetone leaching after preliminary removal of humic acids and lignin by standard procedures.
Angular scatter imaging in medical ultrasound

Ultrasonic imaging plays a critical diagnostic role in a broad range of medical specialties; however, there continue to be areas of clinical medicine where the advantages of ultrasound cannot be brought to bear because the targets of most interest do not exhibit sufficient image contrast. We have investigated a novel imaging method that utilizes modified ultrasonic imaging equipment to interrogate a previously unexploited source of image contrast, namely ultrasonic angular scatter variations. This technique takes advantage of the fact that the ultrasonic scattering from tissue changes with the angle between the incident (transmitted) ultrasonic wave and the observed (received) ultrasonic wave. Angular scatter variations result from spatial variations in the intrinsic material properties of density and compressibility, as well as the geometry of the tissue microstructure. We present experimental results from tissue mimicking and in vivo human tissues indicating that angular scatter differentiates targets that are indistinguishable in conventional ultrasound images. We also present cases where angular scatter images improve the contrast of interesting targets relative to conventional images. Early in vivo results from the myotendinous junction of the human gastrocnemius muscle indicate that different soft tissues have different angular scatter profiles and that these profiles can be used to discern between tissues.
Mechanism and Kinetics of Sulfate Inhibition on Dolomitization of Calcium Carbonate: ABSTRACT

Calcite and aragonite transformation to dolomite has been accomplished in a few days in hydrothermal experiments using artificial seawater without sulfate and in MgCl2 + CaCl2 + NaCl solutions of seawater ionic strength, at 200° and 150°C. Calcium carbonate transformation to dolomite is retarded and frequently inhibited, depending on the concentration of SO42- in solution. The mechanism of this reaction is being investigated. Preliminary results indicate that it is a surface-controlled mechanism. These results explain: (1) the formation of either primary or replacement dolomite in organic-rich sediments, especially in sedimentary environments or rapid sedimentation, in which microbial sulfate reduction prevails, and diffusive communication of the interstitial water with seawater is precluded; (2) the observed large variations--from negative to strongly positive End_Page 893------------------------------ ^dgr13C values (PDB)--of dolomites in the Monterey Formation, California, and in recent sediments in the Gulf of California, controlled by the CH4/CO2 ratio; and (3) the often observed similar oxygen isotope values of coexisting calcites and dolomites in limestones which were dolomitized by seawater mixed with large volumes of fresh water. Thus, in low or sulfate-free environments, dolomitization of CaCO3 and the formation of primary dolomite are limited by supply of alkalinity, calcite or aragonite, or dissolved Ca2+ or Mg2+. Even in the absence of sulfate, dolomitization may be retarded or inhibited by the transformation of opal-A to opal-CT, a reaction which can compete with dolomite for available Mg2+. End_of_Article - Last_Page 894------------
The role of an academic center in promoting common goals.

The publication in 1959 of Russell and Burch's The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique initiated a new era in the history of the debate between science and animal protection, the era of alternatives. Although Russell and Burch never used the word “alternatives” (speaking instead of the “three Rs”: replacement, reduction, and refinement), and although the animal protection movement was somewhat moribund at the time in both England and the United States, within a decade of the book's publication a number of signs indicating a resurgence of public interest in the issue began to appear. At the same time, increased knowledge and understanding of neurophysiology and ethology heightened scientific awareness of the significance of humane treatment in the laboratory and professionalized laboratory animal science.
The role of electron spin in the NF kinetic system

Abstract The reactions for the production and removal of the three lowest electronic states of nitrogen fluoride, NF(X p3 Σ − ), NF(a p1 Δ), and NF(b p1 Σ + ), are discussed from the standpoint of electron spin conservation. By invoking the Wigner—Witmer spin rule together with other spin-related properties, it is indicated that the electronically excited NF(a p1 Δ) not only is the preferred product from the reaction of H, D, and CH 3 with NF 2 , but should also be less reactive toward other atoms, radicals, and itself than its ground-state counterpart NF(X p3 Σ − ). These conclusions are shown to be consistent with existing experimental results.
The Effect of Turbulence-Suspended Light Particles on Dryout for Pool Boiling From a Horizontal Surface

Etude experimentale de la correlation entre la concentration en particules solides et le flux thermique a l'assechement sur l'ebullition en volume sur une surface horizontale couverte d'un melange d'eau et de particules legeres. Presentation de donnees pour des melanges d'eau saturee et des perles de verre de diametre allant de 0,105 a 0,475 mm