cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ionic responses and growth stimulation in rat astroglial cells: differential mechanisms of gangliosides and serum

Rat astroglial cells respond to fetal calf serum (FCS) and gangliosides, including GM1, by undergoing proliferation. Here, we show that addition of FCS but not GM1 causes an increase in Na+, K+-pump activity, as measured by ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influx. The increase of Na+, K+-pump activity by FCS was due to increased Na+ influx (measured with 22Na+). This increased Na+ influx was sensitive to amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange. Amiloride also blocked the FCS-stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. Two defined polypeptide growth factors, epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor were also able to elicit an amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx and an ouabain-sensitive K+ uptake in these astroglial cells, in the presence of FCS or insulin. Thus, GM1 differs from serum and growth factors in the mechanisms by which these agents stimulate the proliferation of the astroglial cells used here.
The political impact of name sounds

Phonetic symbolism has been much debated and tested. However, few statistical measures have been made in a natural social context of the emotive values in language sounds. A clear and measurable case in which they may affect human behavior lies in political elections. Voters undoubtedly prefer to vote on the basis of issues, party loyalty, or some form of discursive meaning, but many, especially “undecided” voters, may also be influenced by the sounds of candidates’ names, especially rhythm and complementary attributes. Unlike other types of emotive associations, those linked to the phonetics of names are non‐discursive, non‐manipulable, and should be, therefore, a predictable influence on voter behavior. The results of this study confirm that reasonably accurate predictions of election results can be made on the basis of selected phonetic features in candidates’ names.
AN ANALYSIS OF VAPOR VOID PROFILES IN HEATED CHANNELS

the void fraction and liquid temperature in a heated channel - are solved by neglecting the slip veloclty and assuming that there is no nucleation in the bulk liquid. In agreement with the experimental data for uniformly heated channels, the general solution of the void fraction equations predicts a sigraoidal vapor fraction profile. Theoretical temperature profiles show that, even in the high void fraction region, thermal equilibrium is not attained in the channel, indicating that the void profiles at high vapor fractions are still a complicated function of the liquid velocity, heat flux, vapor productlon, and channel spacing. (auth)
Place of influenza vaccination among children--United States, 2010-11 through 2013-14 influenza seasons.

Abstract Background Studies are published on settings adults receive influenza vaccination but few have reported on settings children are vaccinated and how this might be changing over time or vary by socio-demographics. Methods Data from the National Immunization Survey-Flu were analyzed to assess place of influenza vaccination among vaccinated children 6 months–17 years during the 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013–14 influenza seasons. The percentage of children vaccinated at each place was calculated overall and by age, race/ethnicity, income, and Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Results The places children received influenza vaccination varied little over four recent influenza seasons. From the 2010–11 through 2013–14 influenza seasons the percentage of vaccinated children receiving influenza vaccination at a doctor's office was 64.1%, 65.1%, 65.3%, and 65.3%, respectively with no differences from one season to the next. Likewise, for vaccination at clinics or health centers (17.8%, 17.5%, 17.0%. 18.0%), health departments (3.2%, 3.6%, 3.0%, 2.8%), and other non-medical places (1.6%, 1.4%, 1.2%, 1.1%), there were no differences from one season to the next. There were some differences for vaccinations at hospitals, pharmacies, and schools. There was considerable variability in the place of influenza vaccination by age, race/ethnicity, income, and MSA. Fewer Hispanic children were vaccinated at a doctor's office than black, white, and other or multiple race children and fewer black children and children of other or multiple races were vaccinated at a doctor's office than white children. More children at or below the poverty level were vaccinated at a clinic or health center than all of the other income groups. Conclusion Most vaccinated children receive their influenza vaccination at a doctor's office. Place of vaccination changed little over four recent influenza seasons. Large variability in place of vaccination exists by age, race/ethnicity, income, and MSA. Monitoring place of vaccination can help shape future immunization programs.
Built-in Electric Field-Assisted Surface-Amorphized Nanocrystals for High-Rate Lithium-Ion Battery

High-power batteries require fast charge/discharge rates and high capacity besides safe operation. TiO2 has been investigated as a safer alternative candidate to the current graphite or incoming silicon anodes due to higher redox potentials in effectively preventing lithium deposition. However, its charge/discharge rates are reluctant to improve due to poor ion diffusion coefficients, and its capacity fades quickly with rate as only thinner surface layers can be effectively used in faster charge/discharge processes. Here, we demonstrate that surface-amorphized TiO2 nanocrystals greatly improve lithium-ion rechargeable battery performance: 20 times rate and 340% capacity improvement over crystalline TiO2 nanocrystals. This improvement is benefited from the built-in electric field within the nanocrystals that induces much lower lithium-ion diffusion resistance and facilitates its transport in both insertion and extraction processes. This concept thus offers an innovative and general approach toward designin...
FTIR Characterization Of PZT Nano Fibers Synthesized from Metallo-organic Compounds Using Electrospinning

We have synthesized Pb(Zr0.54Ti0.48)O3 fibers with diameter ranging from 500 nm to several microns using electrospinning and metallo-organics decomposition (MOD) techniques. By a refinement of our electrospinning technique, i.e. by increasing the viscosity of the precursor solution, and by adding a filter to the tip of the syringe, the diameter of synthesized PZT fibers has been reduced to the neighborhood of a hundred nanometers. The complex thermal decomposition was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that alcohol evaporated during electrospinning and that the organic groups had pyrolized before the intermediate pyrochlore phase was formed. There is a good correspondence between XRD and FTIR spectra. It was also found that a thin film of platinum coated on silicon substrate surface not only seems to have catalyzed the phase transformation to PZT but also favored the formation of 110 texture in the synthesized PZT fibers.
Study on making high efficient coagulant and handing waste water by Red MUD

The polymer (polysilicate aluminum ferrite) used for coagulant was prepared by red mud, the conditions for the treatment of red mud were investigated. The low cost synthesized coagulant was used for water treatment successfully.
The Response of the Swim Bladder of the Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) to Acoustic Stimuli

1. Sound-pressure levels were measured in the swim bladder of the goldfish using a probe microphone. Measurements of pressure and phase were made relative to the sounds immediately outside of the fish. 2. Results showed that the response of the swim bladder is flat from 50 to 2000 Hz with sound-pressure levels within the swim bladder about 4 or 5 dB below the sound pressure outside of the fish. 3. Phase measurements in the swim bladder were not significantly different from those made outside of the fish. 4. The data indicate that there is little loss between the water and the inside of the fish, indicating that the swim bladder acts to closely couple the fish to the water. This has significant implications since a poorly coupled system would severely limit detection capabilities for sounds and greatly increase the energy needed to get sound into the water during sound production. 5. The fact that there is a flat response over the major portion of the range of auditory sensitivity in goldfish indicates that the swim bladder is most probably not a limiting factor in acoustic sensitivity, at least below 2000 Hz. In addition, the swim bladder, as a poorly tuned or untuned system, does not selectively affect signals around what would be the resonance frequency in a more sharply tuned system. 6. The poor tuning of the swim bladder is important for communication since a portion of the communicatively significant sounds for fishes are broad-band, rapidly repeating pulses. A sharply tuned system cannot respond to these signals while a poorly tuned system is suitable for wide-band and time-locked reception.
Ordering of the 0 d 5 / 2 and 1 s 1 / 2 proton levels in light nuclei

A survey of the available single-proton data in $A\ensuremath{\le}17$ nuclei was completed. These data, along with calculations using a Woods-Saxon potential, show that the ordering of the $0{d}_{5/2}$ and $1{s}_{1/2}$ proton orbitals are determined primarily by the proximity of the $s$-state proton energy to the Coulomb barrier. This is analogous to the dependence of the corresponding neutron orbitals in proximity to the neutron threshold, which was previously discussed.
Collaborative generation scheduling optimization strategy for multi-source power

Collaborative scheduling optimization strategy based on equivalence theory was proposed for multi-source power. Busload contains a variety of types of power supply. In this paper, busload forecast was divided into pure load forecast and unit power in lower grid. These units power where were in region grid were as the equivalent unit. The optimization variables include the equivalent units and direct regulating units of provincial grid in scheduling decision model. To solve the model, direct regulating units scheduling and equivalent unit scheduling considering security constraints were obtained, unit scheduling where were in region grid were finally determined. Results of calculation examples show that the method is simple and effective, can realize coordination and complementation of power resources in the whole province, and can improve the level of safety and economy about grid operation.
The stability transition graph under cascade dynamics for social network subscription services

Social network subscription services have two key characteristics: i) a network externality, in which the perceived value of the service by users is an increasing function of the set of subscribers (the “active” set), and ii) a subscription cost paid by the users. An active set is stable at a given cost if (non) subscribers have (negative) positive net utility, and is stabilizable if a cost exists at which the set is stable. Transitions among stabilizable sets induced by destabilizing costs follow cascade dynamics. We introduce the stability transition graph (STG) to capture these induced transitions, and characterize its structure. We also characterize the transitive reduction of the STG, which shows that stability transitions achievable via large price destabilizations are always achievable by a series of smaller price destabilizations.
Ascorbic Acid Levels in Coventionally Cooked Versus Microwave Oven Cooked Frozen Vegetables

(1989). Ascorbic Acid Levels in Coventionally Cooked Versus Microwave Oven Cooked Frozen Vegetables. Food Sciences and Nutrition: Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 145-152.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS AS MARKERS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA

Preliminary data confirm an increase in acidic phospholipids and a decrease in neutral phospholipids in rigorously diagnosed schizophrenic patients’ red blood cell membranes. This change in membrane phospholipid composition may be a marker specific for schizophrenic illness. It appears to be independent of drug usage. Thus, the preliminary data suggest that phospholipid composition might be a useful marker for schizophrenia.
Small Donation -- Big Impact: Visualizing Charitable Donations

We want to encourage community engagement in charity by creating a new type of donation box. We learned that the purchasing power of food is much larger for charities than individuals. Our goal is to encourage cash donations by helping people visualize the impact of their contributions. This has two parts. First, we encourage donors with a series of videos and facts. Among these, we compare the quantity of food an individual can purchase to that of a specific charity. Second, when donors make a contribution, they see the precise quantity of food weighed on the screen in a fun interaction. This paper describes the research methods and processes used in the development of the design.
Creating Separation From the On-Field Product: Roger Goodell’s Image Repair Discourse During the Ray Rice Domestic Violence Case:

This analysis examines National Football League (NFL) Commissioner Roger Goodell’s image repair strategies during the Ray Rice domestic violence crisis. After receiving criticism for only suspendin...
Modeling Windfields and Surface Layer Wind Profiles Over Complex Terrain and Within Vegetative Canopies

Forestry, agriculture, disease and insect population control and control practices, production, and other similar activities are, of course, affected by airflow conditions resulting from the atmosphere’s interaction with vegetation structures. When we consider atmospheric motion, it becomes quite apparent that airflow within vegetative canopies is a significant aspect of the surface boundary layer flow in that this is where heat, water vapor, and momentum exchanges occur.
Informational uniqueness of closed-loop Nash equilibria for a class of nonstandard dynamic games

This paper discusses an extension of the currently available theory of noncooperative dynamic games to game models whose state equations are of order higher than one. In a discrete-time framework, it first elucidates the reasons why the theory developed for first-order systems is not applicable to higher-order systems, and then presents a general procedure to obtain an informationally unique Nash equilibrium solution in the presence of random disturbances. A numerical example solved in the paper illustrates the general approach.
The Approach to Physical Therapy Following Orthopedic Reconstructive Surgery

Rehabilitation is an integral component after orthopedic surgery. At Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), our Rehabilitation Therapists have created specific postoperative guidelines to enhance mobility immediately after joint replacement and spinal surgeries. Early mobilization allows patients to achieve a higher level of function following joint replacement and spine surgeries. The interdisciplinary care team at Hospital for Special Surgery has integrated rehabilitation guidelines into Clinical Pathways for joint replacement and spine procedures to ensure critical steps are implemented in order for patients to achieve specific outcomes. Preoperative education is essential in order to enhance the patient experience, decrease anxiety, and meet the patients’ expectations in the postoperative phase.
Self-cleaning, high transmission, near unity haze OTS/silica nanostructured glass

High haze, high transparency substrates can increase the power conversion and extraction efficiency of solar cells and light emitting diodes (LEDs), respectively. In this paper, we demonstrate a new octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)/silica nanostructured substrate that displays high transmission (91.5 ± 0.5% at 550 nm wavelength) and near unity haze (98.1 ± 0.5% at the same wavelength) with 143° scattering angle. The OTS/silica nanostructures are fabricated through a scalable and facile maskless reactive ion etching (MRIE) process followed by OTS coating. The OTS coating enhances the transmission of the structures by merging silica nanostructures together by capillary forces and effectively grading the index of refraction. The OTS/silica nanostructures display the highest combination of both transmission and haze in the literature as defined by Pareto optimality. The OTS/silica nanostructured glass exhibits lotus leaf-like wetting with a 159.7 ± 0.6° water contact angle (WCA) and 4.9 ± 0.6° contact angle hysteresis. We demonstrate the structures have self-cleaning functionality where about 100% of transparency can be easily recovered after graphite soiled substrates are rinsed with water. This self-cleaning functionality is maintained after 200 cycles of soiling and cleaning. The OTS/silica nanostructured glass may be an important substrate in optoelectronic applications where a combination of high transmission, high haze, and self cleaning function are important.
Evaluation of Repeated Quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment Measurements Among Patients With Suspected Infection.

OBJECTIVES Among patients with suspected infection, a single measurement of the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment has good predictive validity for sepsis, yet the increase in validity from repeated measurements is unknown. We sought to determine the incremental predictive validity for sepsis of repeated quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment measurements over 48 hours compared with the initial measurement. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Twelve hospitals in southwestern Pennsylvania in 2012. PATIENTS All adult medical and surgical encounters in the emergency department, hospital ward, postanesthesia care unit, and ICU. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 1.3 million adult encounters, we identified those with a first episode of suspected infection. Using the maximum quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score in each 6-hour epoch from onset of suspected infection until 48 hours later, we characterized repeated quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment with: 1) summary measures (e.g., mean over 48 hr), 2) crude trajectory groups, and 3) group-based trajectory modeling. We measured the predictive validity of repeated quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment using incremental changes in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for in-hospital mortality beyond that of baseline risk (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and comorbidity). Of 37,591 encounters with suspected infection, 1,769 (4.7%) died before discharge. Both the mean quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment at 48 hours (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.85-0.86]) and crude trajectory groups (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.83-0.83]) improved predictive validity compared with initial quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.78-0.80]) (p < 0.001 for both). Group-based trajectory modeling found five trajectories (quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment always low, increasing, decreasing, moderate, and always high) with greater predictive validity than the initial measurement (area under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.84-0.85]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Repeated measurements of quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment improve predictive validity for sepsis using in-hospital mortality compared with a single measurement of quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment at the time a clinician suspects infection.
Falls in Geriatric Populations and Hydrotherapy as an Intervention: A Brief Review

Falls and fall-related injuries are a serious health concern in geriatric populations, especially with age-related deficits in postural control and during postural control challenging dual-task situations. Balance training has been reported to be beneficial in reducing falls. However, some of these exercises have their inherent physical challenges that prevent the elderly population from performing them effectively. Other concomitant age-related illness in the elderly pose further challenges in performing these exercises. Hence, the topic of finding alternative types of balance training that are effective and are performed in a safer environment is constantly researched. One such alternative is hydrotherapy that focuses on balance and postural perturbation-based exercises in water-based environments such as aquatic swimming pools or in dedicated hydrotherapy pools. Hydrotherapy for geriatric populations has been reported to be beneficial in improving balance, motor and cognitive tasks with improved motivation and positive attitude towards exercises. Additionally, hydrotherapy also has properties of buoyancy, resistance and temperature, which benefit biomechanical and physiological wellness and offers a safe environment to perform balance training. Hydrotherapy balance training need to be scaled and prescribed according to individual needs and can serve as an effective training and rehabilitation protocol in reducing falls in geriatric population.
A Quantitative Analysis of Four Undergraduate Human Anatomy Laboratory Curricula: Approaches, Identified Structures, Concepts, and Thematic Emphases

Human anatomy is a foundational course thatserves diverse pre-professional health care majors. However, limited information is available on the teaching approaches, content, and thematic emphases of this course at the undergraduate level when compared with that of medical and other graduate schools. Herein, we document and quantitatively evaluate the laboratory curriculum of four undergraduate human anatomy courses in the USA. For each course, we assess the total number of structures (terms requiring identification during an exam), concepts (terms requiring an explanation), and clinical applications. To facilitate further assessments, we also compare the content distribution of each course with that recommended by the American Association of Clinical Anatomists (AACA). Two courses followed a regional approach emphasizing the use of human cadavers, while the other two followed a system-based approach and used plastic models and non-human cadaveric materials (e.g., cats and sheep). The total amount of information presented to students differed significantly among curricula. The majority of terms (65–88%) taught to students referred to the identification of anatomical structures whereas clinical applications were rare (< 1.3%). Courses using a regional approach expected students to learn as much as twice the number of terms than those following a system-based approach. Functions, innervations, origins, and insertions of muscles are only included in the curriculum of the courses following a regional approach. The proportion of terms devoted to each anatomical module in all curricula was significantly different from each other, as well as from that of AACA recommendation. We discuss these differences in the curriculum, the challenges and limitations inherent with each teaching approach, as well as in the teaching materials used among the curricula. These quantitative analyses aim to provide insightful information about the structure of the undergraduate human anatomy laboratory curriculum and may prove useful when redesigning a course.
Mobility, Moms, and the Babywearing Phenomenon

AbstractThis article extends scholarly inquiry into the rhetorical resonances of motherhood by examining how “motherhood” is constituted through spatial, temporal, and material relations, which the...
Association of Short Sleep Duration and Atrial Fibrillation.

Background Short sleep may be a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. However, previous investigations have been limited by lack of objective sleep measurement and small sample size. We sought to determine the association between objectively measured sleep duration and atrial fibrillation. Methods All 31,079 adult patients undergoing diagnostic polysomnography from 1999 to 2015 at multiple sites within a large hospital network were identified from electronic medical records. Prevalent atrial fibrillation was identified by continuous ECG during polysomnography. Incident atrial fibrillation was identified by diagnostic codes and 12-lead ECGs. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to examine the association of sleep duration and atrial fibrillation prevalence and incidence, respectively, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, and sleep apnea severity. Results We identified 404 cases of prevalent atrial fibrillation among 30,061 individuals (mean age ± SD, 51.0 ± 14.5 years; 51.6% women) undergoing polysomnography. After adjustment, each 1-h reduction in sleep duration was associated with a 1.17-fold (95% CI, 1.11-1.30) increased risk of prevalent atrial fibrillation. Among 27,589 patients without atrial fibrillation at baseline, we identified 1,820 cases of incident atrial fibrillation over 4.6 years median follow-up. After adjustment, each 1-h reduction in sleep duration was associated with a 1.09-fold (95% CI, 1.05-1.13) increased risk for incident atrial fibrillation. Conclusions Short sleep duration is independently associated with prevalent and incident atrial fibrillation. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions to extend sleep can lower atrial fibrillation risk.
ANTHROPOMETRIC HISTORY OF BRAZIL, 1850–1950: INSIGHTS FROM MILITARY AND PASSPORT RECORDS

espanolLas tendencias en el bienestar humano en Brasil no han sido estudiadas por una escasez de evidencia historica. Los estudios cuantitativos muestran la eficacia de la Primera Republica (1889–1930) para fomentar el progreso economico, pero no queda claro hasta que punto el crecimiento economico inicial de Brasil genero mejoras en la salud. Este trabajo llena este vacio en la literatura al basarse en fuentes primarias hasta ahora no estudiadas, con datos sobre la estatura humana, una metrica confiable para la salud y el estado nutricional. Mi analisis se centra en una gran serie (n ≈ 16,000), geograficamente integral, compilada a partir de archivos de inscripcion militares, complementada por un conjunto de datos auxiliares extraidos de registros de pasaportes (n ≈ 6,000). Se documentan estaturas inferiores en el norte y el noreste que precedieron el advenimiento de la industrialisacion. Al nivel nacional, mis hallazgos revelan un aumento en la estatura de mas de 2,5 cm entre los soldados nacidos en la decada de 1880 y los nacidos en la decada de 1910. En el sur y el sureste, el aumento de ingresos reales y las intervenciones de salud publica explican la tendencia alcista en las estaturas, mientras que las reformas sanitarias rurales fueron mas importantes en el norte y el noreste, donde las estaturas permanecieron estancadas hasta la decada de 1910 y las enfermedades como la anquilostomiasis y la malaria eran mas generalisadas. EnglishTrends in human welfare in Brazil have remained shrouded by a dearth of historical evidence. Although quantitative scholars have revealed the efficacy of the First Republic (1889–1930) in fomenting economic progress, the extent to which Brazil’s early economic growth fostered improvements in health remains unclear. This paper fills this void in scholarship by relying on hitherto untapped archival sources with data on human stature—a reliable metric for health and nutritional status. My analysis centres heavily on a large (n ≈ 16,000), geographically-comprehensive series compiled from military inscription files, supplemented by an ancillary dataset drawn from passport records (n ≈ 6,000). I document inferior heights in the North and Northeast that predated the advent of industrialisation. At the national level, my findings reveal an increase in stature of over 2.5 cm between soldiers born in the 1880s and those born in the 1910s. In the South and Southeast, I argue that increased real income and public-health interventions explain the earlier upward trend in heights, while rural sanitary reforms were most important in the North and Northeast, where heights remained stagnant until the 1910 decade and diseases such as hookworm and malaria were most rampant.
A Qualitative Study of Adolescent Girls’ Motives to Change Dating Abuse Perpetration Behavior Elicited during a Motivational Interviewing Intervention

Adolescent dating abuse (ADA) is a prevalent and consequential public health problem. However, there are no studies to date that explore what adolescents who have perpetrated ADA say would motivate their cessation. The aim of this study is to uncover self-reported reasons why girls might be motivated to stop perpetrating ADA. This study repurposed interview transcripts that were originally collected as part of a test of an intervention. The present analyses was of transcripts from 75 adolescent girls, ages 15–19 years old, recruited from the outpatient and emergency pediatric clinics of an urban hospital, who had perpetrated ≥1 act of physical or sexual ADA in the past three months. Recordings were transcribed and coded for emergent themes using a content-based analysis approach. Analysis revealed that the youth felt motivated to decrease ADA perpetration for five main reasons: (1) to achieve their life goals without criminal justice involvement or experiencing other barriers to success, (2) to decrease feelings of relationship fatigue and exhaustion, (3) to avoid embarrassment, (4) to rescue their present relationship and not break up, and (5) to be prepared to handle conflicts more peacefully in future relationships. This is the first study to explore motives for stopping ADA perpetration in a sample of adolescents. The results provide a starting point for accumulating information that may be leveraged by clinicians and prevention experts to design secondary and tertiary prevention programs that effectively appeal to young perpetrators of ADA and enhance their interest in ceasing perpetration.
Prognostic implications of perineural invasion following radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma.

e15014 Background: Perineural invasion(PNI) with urothelial carcinoma may be identified in radical cystectomy specimens, and its prognostic significance is controversial. We sought to determine the...
Fournier's gangrene: a review of 38 cases in a tertiary hospital

Aim of the study: To study the incidence, age distribution, mode of presentation, abnormalities in biochemical parameters, to lay down parameters for prognostication and study the outcome of fournier's gangrene. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted upon 38 patients diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene in surgical unit of our institute from November 2007 – October 2009. Results: Total number of surgical admissions in our institution during the period from November 2007 – October 2009 were 11,507. Of which, the number of cases of Fournier’s Gangrene were 38 (Incidence - 0.33%). Conclusion: Fournier's gangrene is associated with high mortality.
Complex Linkage Disequilibrium Effects in HLA-DPB1 Expression and Molecular Mismatch Analyses of Transplantation Outcomes.

Background HLA molecular mismatch (MM) is a risk factor for de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA) development in solid organ transplantation. HLA expression differences have also been associated with adverse outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplantation. We sought to study both MM and expression in assessing dnDSA risk. Methods One hundred three HLA-DP-mismatched solid organ transplantation pairs were retrospectively analyzed. MM was computed using amino acids (aa), eplets, and, supplementarily, Grantham/Epstein scores. DPB1 alleles were classified as rs9277534-A (low-expression) or rs9277534-G (high-expression) linked. To determine the associations between risk factors and dnDSA, logistic regression, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and population-based analyses were performed. Results A high-risk AA:GX (recipient:donor) expression combination (X = A or G) demonstrated strong association with HLA-DP dnDSA (P = 0.001). MM was also associated with HLA-DP dnDSA when evaluated by itself (eplet P = 0.007, aa P = 0.003, Grantham P = 0.005, Epstein P = 0.004). When attempting to determine the relative individual effects of the risk factors in multivariable analysis, only AA:GX expression status retained a strong association (relative risk = 18.6, P = 0.007 with eplet; relative risk = 15.8, P = 0.02 with aa), while MM was no longer significant (eplet P = 0.56, aa P = 0.51). Importantly, these risk factors are correlated, due to LD between the expression-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphism and polymorphisms along HLA-DPB1. Conclusions The MM and expression risk factors each appear to be strong predictors of HLA-DP dnDSA and to possess clinical utility; however, these two risk factors are closely correlated. These metrics may represent distinct ways of characterizing a common overlapping dnDSA risk profile, but they are not independent. Further, we demonstrate the importance and detailed implications of LD effects in dnDSA risk assessment and possibly transplantation overall.
Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey

Abstract Background Research demonstrates that pandemics adversely impact sexual and reproductive health (SRH), but few have examined their impact on people’s participation in sex. We examined self-reported changes in solo and sexual behaviors in U.S. adults during early stages of the public health response to COVID-19. Methods We conducted an online, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults (N=1010; aged 18-94 years; 62% response rate) from April 10-20, 2020. We used weighted multinomial logistic regression to examine past month self-reported changes (decreased, stable or increased) in ten solo and partnered sexual behaviors. Predictor variables included: having children at home, past month depressive symptoms, (ACHA 3-item scale), past month loneliness (UCLA 3-Item Loneliness scale), COVID-19 protection behaviors (adapted 12-item scale), perceived COVID-19 consequences (adapted 10-item scale) and COVID-19 knowledge (adapted 10-item scale). Results Nearly half of all adults reported some kind of change – most commonly, a decrease – in their sexual behavior in the past month. Having elementary aged children at home, past month depressive symptoms and loneliness and enacting more COVID-19 protective behaviors were associated with both reduced partnered bonding behaviors, such as hugging, cuddling, holding hands and kissing, as well as reduced partnered sexual behaviors, such as oral sex, partnered genital touching and vaginal sex. Greater COVID-19 risk perception and greater COVID-19 knowledge were associated with mixed effects in behavior outcomes. Conclusions Our data illustrate the very personal ways in which different pandemic-associated factors may create or inhibit opportunities for solo and partnered sex. The centrality of sexuality to health and well-being – even during pandemics – means that a critical piece of public health prevention and management responses should is ensuring that services and resource that support positive sexual decision making remain open and available.
Our Straitlaced Administrators: The Law, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Educational Administrators, and the Assimilationist Imperative:

Drawing upon queer legal theory, historical policy analysis, and social, legal, and educational history, this article explores the legal foundations and maintenance of what I describe as the assimilationist imperative for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered administrators working in public schools.
Defining treatment regimens and lines of therapy using real-world data in oncology.

Retrospective observational research relies on databases that do not routinely record lines of therapy or reasons for treatment change. Standardized approaches to estimate lines of therapy were developed and evaluated in this study. A number of rules were developed, assumptions varied and macros developed to apply to large datasets. Results were investigated in an iterative process to refine line of therapy algorithms in three different cancers (lung, colorectal and gastric). Three primary factors were evaluated and included in the estimation of lines of therapy in oncology: defining a treatment regimen, addition/removal of drugs and gap periods. Algorithms and associated Statistical Analysis Software (SAS®) macros for line of therapy identification are provided to facilitate and standardize the use of real-world databases for oncology research.
QP6: Initiation of a Pharmacist Driven Process to Ensure Long-Acting and High-Dose Opioid Prescription Continuity during a Pandemic

Background: The threat of COVID-19 infection has had dramatic impacts on the delivery of care at the University of Colorado Health (UCH) Outpatient Palliative Care Clinic (OPCC) at the Anschutz Can...
Three-dimensional tissue-engineered human skeletal muscle model of Pompe disease.

In Pompe disease, the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) causes skeletal and cardiac muscle weakness, respiratory failure, and premature death. While enzyme replacement therapy using recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) can significantly improve patient outcomes, detailed disease mechanisms and incomplete therapeutic effects require further studies. Here we report a three-dimensional primary human skeletal muscle (“myobundle”) model of infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) that recapitulates hallmark pathological features including reduced GAA enzyme activity, elevated glycogen content and lysosome abundance, and increased sensitivity of muscle contractile function to metabolic stress. In vitro treatment of IOPD myobundles with rhGAA or adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated hGAA expression yields increased GAA activity and robust glycogen clearance, but no improvements in stress-induced functional deficits. We also apply RNA sequencing analysis to the quadriceps of untreated and AAV-treated GAA−/− mice and wild-type controls to establish a Pompe disease-specific transcriptional signature and reveal novel disease pathways. The mouse-derived signature is enriched in the transcriptomic profile of IOPD vs. healthy myobundles and partially reversed by in vitro rhGAA treatment, further confirming the utility of the human myobundle model for studies of Pompe disease and therapy. Wang et al. describe the development of a 3D in vitro model of human skeletal muscle that recapitulates the pathophysiology of Pompe disease. They further define a Pompe disease-specific transcriptional signature, confirm its presence in the Pompe myobundles, and detect a partial reversal of the signature upon in vitro treatment of myobundles with rhGAA.
Four Control Freedoms AGD for Hybrid SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT Application

Silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET features low switching loss and it is advantageous in high switching frequency application, but the manufacture per Ampere cost is approximately five times higher than the silicon (Si) IGBT. Therefore, by paralleling Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET together, a trade-off between cost and loss is achieved. In this paper, a four control freedoms active gate driver (AGD) including turn-on delay, turn-off delay, and two independent gate voltages, is proposed to optimize the performance of the paralleled device. By adjusting these four control freedoms, optimal operation for paralleled device can be obtained. Moreover, the proposed AGD can dynamically adjust the current ratio between two paralleled devices, which can help achieve thermal balance between two devices and improve system reliability. Double pulse test (DPT) experimental results are presented and analyzed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed AGD for paralleled Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET application.
Development of Brief Rating Scales for Progress Monitoring Internalizing Behavior

Prevalence estimates suggest that up to 20% of students in schools experience significant internalizing behaviors that impact behavioral, social, or academic functioning. School-based interventions...
Fetal and infant mortality for the Chicago Lying-in Hospital, 1941 to 1946.

Abstract The total mortality for 17,500 infants weighing over 1,000 Gm. who were delivered at the Chicago Lying-in Hospital between July 1, 1941, and July 1, 1946, is 25 per thousand and is equally divided between stillbirths and neonatal deaths. For the 1,015 infants born alive weighing less than 2,500 Gm., the mortality was 13.1 per cent; for 16,421 born alive weighing more than 2,500 Gm., the mortality was 0.5 per cent. The causes of death for the 440 infants who were stillborn or who died in the first ten days of life, in order of frequency, are anoxia, malformations, intrauterine deaths of unknown origin, prematurity, erythroblastosis fetalis, pneumonia, birth trauma, miscellaneous causes, and syphilis.
Granulocyte Function in the Chediak-Higashi Syndrome of Mice

Granulocyte function was evaluated using peritoneal exudate granulocytes from a strain of beige mice with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS). Defective granulocyte chemotaxis of CHS cells (43% normal) was documented. There was no abnormality in the ability of CHS serum to function as a chemotactic stimulus. Phagocytosis of 14C-labeled Staphylococcus aureus by CHS granulocytes was normal. However, there was reduced bactericidal activity of S. aureus and group D streptococcus by CHS cells through 90 min of incubation. The bactericidal defect was most pronounced at early time periods and was related to impaired intracellular killing. These defects of CHS mice granulocytes were analogous to those reported in man and it is concluded that the CHS mouse is a most convenient and representative model of the CHS of man.
Temporary Sequestration of Fingerling Channel Catfish in Cages as a Means to Improve Production of Multiple-Crop Ponds: Preliminary Studies

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine if temporary sequestration of fingerling channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in cages improves production of multiple-crop ponds. In the first study, 0.04-ha ponds were stocked with 295 large (mean weight = 566 g) and 780 fingerling (mean weight = 21 g) catfish. Fingerlings were stocked into cages or open ponds. At 120 days after stocking, fish in cages were released. After an additional 40 days, ponds were clean-harvested to remove large (>500 g) and small (<500 g) fish. In the second study, ponds (0.08-ha) were stocked with 750 large (mean weight = 46 g) and 750 small (mean weight = 20 g) fingerling catfish. Small fingerlings were stocked into cages or open ponds. At 60 days after stocking, fish in cages were released. Market-ready fish were selectively harvested at five and nine months after stocking. Results from the first study indicated that individual weight, weight gain, and yield of both size classes of fish raised in sequestered ponds were signi...
Shared Self-Determined Experience and Third-Party Redistribution: A Laboratory Experiment

Using a three-player dictator-game experiment, we find that similar performance during a shared self-determined experience causes a redistributor to privilege the stakeholder who performed similarly. Sharing a self-determined experience, however, is not, in itself, sufficient to influence redistributive preferences. We generate the shared self-determined experience by varying whether a third-party decision maker and a stakeholder acquire money through an effortful activity or through random selection of a ticket. Our results have implications for how redistributive preferences are affected by perceptions of one’s own self-determination and by social connectedness based on perceived similarities.
Potato Insecticide Evaluation

Introduction The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and the potato leafhopper (PLH) are two important insect pests that need to be managed for profitable potato production. The CPB, in particular, is troublesome because it has developed resistance to insecticides in the carbamate, organophosphate, and pyrethroid chemical groups. Currently, insecticides in the neonicotinoid group provide effective control of CPB, but there are concerns that with continued use of neonicotinoids this resilient pest also will develop resistance to this group of insecticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new insecticide called cyantraniliprole, trade marked Cyazypyr by Dupont, for its effectiveness against our common insect pests and its usefulness in a CPB insecticide resistance management program.
The waaL gene mutation compromised the inhabitation of Enterobacter sp. Ag1 in the mosquito gut environment

The mosquito gut harbors a variety of bacteria that are dynamically associated with mosquitoes in various contexts. However, little is known about bacterial factors that affect bacterial inhabitation in the gut microbial community. Enterobacter sp. Ag1 is a predominant Gram negative bacterium in the mosquito midgut. In a mutant library that was generated using transposon Tn5-mediated mutagenesis, a mutant was identified, in which the gene waaL was disrupted by the Tn5 insertion. The waaL encodes O antigen ligase, which is required for the attachment of O antigen to the outer core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The waaL − mutation caused the O antigen repeat missing in the LPS. The normal LPS structure was restored when the mutant was complemented with a plasmid containing waaL gene. The waaL − mutation did not affect bacterial proliferation in LB culture, the mutant cells grew at a rate the same as the wildtype (wt) cells. However, when waaL − strain were co-cultured with the wt strain or complemented strain, the mutant cells proliferated with a slower rate, indicating that the mutants were less competitive than wt cells in a community setting. Similarly, in a co-feeding assay, when fluorescently tagged wt strain and waaL − strain were orally co-introduced into the gut of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, the mutant cells were less prevalent in both sugar-fed and blood-fed guts. The data suggest that the mutation compromised the bacterial inhabitation in the gut community. Besides, the mutant was more sensitive to oxidative stress, demonstrated by lower survival rate upon exposure to 20 mM H2O2. Lack of the O antigen structure in LPS of Enterobacter compromised the effective growth in co-culture and co-feeding assays. In addition, O-antigen was involved in protection against oxidative stress. The findings suggest that intact LPS is crucial for the bacteria to steadily stay in the gut microbial community.
Teaching video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy has become the standard of care for early stage lung cancer throughout the world. Teaching this complex procedure requires adequate case volume, adequate instrumentation, a committed operating room team and baseline experience with open lobectomy. We outline what key maneuvers and steps are required to teach and learn VATS lobectomy. This is most easily performed as part of a thoracic surgery training program, but with adequate commitment and proctoring, there is no reason experienced open surgeons cannot become proficient VATS surgeons. We provide videos showing the key portions of a subcarinal lymph node dissection, posterior hilar dissection of the right upper lobe, fissureless right middle lobectomy, and fissureless left lower lobectomy. These videos highlight what we feel are important principals in VATS lobectomy, i.e., N2 and N1 lymph node dissection, fissureless techniques, and progressive responsibility of the learner. Current literature in simulation of VATS lobectomy is also outlined as this will be the future of teaching in VATS lobectomy.