cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Charge and Interface State Generation in Field Oxides

Radiation-induced charge and interface state generation are measured in MOS capacitors with steam oxide layers typical of standard field oxides and at low fields (<0.1 MV/cm) typical of device applications. Interface state buildup occurs primarily through a "prompt" process and most of the states are "slow". Free electron-hole pair yield at low fields is reduced from that previously measured in thinner (gate) oxides.
Frog lactate dehydrogenase: kinetics at physiological enzyme levels.

Abstract Pyruvate inhibition of frog muscle and heart lactate dehydrogenases l -lactate: NAD + oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) has been determined at physiological enzyme concentrations. This inhibition is more pronounced with heart lactate dehydrogenase than it is with the skeletal muscle enzyme when the reduced coenzyme (NADH) concentration is near the in vivo level. Inhibition differences are independent of temperature, except in the case of muscle lactate dehydrogenase which shows a slight increase in sensitivity to pyruvate when the temperature is lowered to 10 °C.
Analysis of successive endocytic compartments isolated from Dictyostelium discoideum by magnetic fractionation

Abstract A colloidal iron probe was fed to the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and chased for different intervals. Successive segments of the endocytic pathway were then isolated magnetically at high yield and purity. There were approx. 500 endocytic vacuoles per cell; their diameters increased from approx. 0.1–0.2 μm after 3 min of feeding to approx. 2 μm after 15 min of feeding and 60 min of chase. The wave-like progression of ingested probes along the endocytic pathway suggested that the transfer of cargo involved a maturation mechanism rather than the shuttling of cargo between stable compartments. The lifetime of primary pinosomes was calculated to be approx. 1 s. Multivesicular bodies were common in the 3 min fraction and abundant in 15 min lysosomes. α- and β-adaptins of molecular masses of approx. 89 and 83 kDa were richer in the 3 min vesicles than in plasma membranes and later endocytic vacuoles. Acid phosphatase, intrinsic vacuole acidity, the vacuolar proton pump protein and pump activity were present at all endocytic stages but rose between the 3 min and 15 min vacuoles and declined thereafter. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate or BMP, a lipid characteristic of lysosomes, followed a similar time course; it contributed up to half of the total lipid in lysosomal vacuoles. We conclude that there is both continuity and differentiation along this endocytic pathway.
Inhibition of polymorphic human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) by the cardioprotectant flavonoid 7-monohydroxyethyl rutoside (monoHER).

Purpose Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) reduces the anticancer anthracyclines doxorubicin and daunorubicin into the cardiotoxic metabolites doxorubicinol and daunorubicinol. We evaluated whether the cardioprotectant monoHER inhibits the activity of polymorphic CBR1.
Photochemical inactivation of single-stranded viral DNA in the presence of urocanic acid.

— Urocanic acid (UA) has previously been shown to react photochemically in vitro with N,N-dimethylthymine. In this study, mixtures of UA and phage G4 single-stranded DNA have been irradiated with UV light (λ≥ 254 nm) and the DNA assayed for infectivity. At the concentrations of UA employed (typically 5.4 × 10-3M) there is extensive absorption of the incident light by the UA. The DNA is inactivated at rates greater than that predicted from the calculated shielding by UA, indicating that photosensitization is occurring. Photosensitization is also indicated by the fact that at high UA concentrations the inactivation rate does not decrease to zero but approaches a residual value. Furthermore, the ability to photoreactivate DNA that has been photolyzed in the presence of UA is much reduced relative to that observed upon photolysis of the DNA alone. UA is therefore responsible for the production of UV-induced DNA lesions, which are resistant to photoreactivation. A general analysis of the effects of photosensitization on the kinetics of UV inactivation is presented in an appendix.
The relative neurotoxicities of n-hexane, methyl n-butyl ketone, 2,5-hexanediol, and 2,5-hexanedione following oral or intraperitoneal administration in hens

Abstract The sensitivity of the hen to neurotoxicity produced by po and ip administration of n -hexane, methyl n -butyl ketone (M n BK), 2,5-hexanediol (2,5-HDOH), and 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) was investigated. While po administration of one or two doses of these chemicals at a 21-day interval caused acute effects, it did not induce neuropathy in treated hens. Subchronic po or ip administration of n -hexane caused only weakness, which subsided after cessation of administration. By contrast, subchronic administration of the other three related compounds caused neurotoxicity characterized by ataxia, which progressed to paralysis in some hens. Severity of the neurotoxic effect was dependent on both the test compound and its route of administration of a similar dosage. Generally, ip injection caused more severe effects than po administration. Pathological examination of nervous system tissues of hens treated with the 2,5-HD, 2,5-HDOH, and M n BK showed giant paranodal axonal swelling followed by Wallerian degeneration of axons and myelin in peripheral nerve and spinal cord. Wallerian degeneration in the spinal cord was observed almost exclusively in the ventral columns of the lower spinal cord. n -Hexane failed to produce the characteristic pathological features produced by related compounds. The neurotoxic potency of these chemicals which considers onset and magnitude of clinical signs and severity of histopathologic changes was in descending order: 2,5-HD > 2,5-HDOH > M n BK > n -hexane when given by either method.
Effect of molecular weight on high pressure crystallization of linear polyethylene. I. Kinetics and gross morphology

Ten linear polyethylenes ranging from Mw = 4.9 × 104 to 4.6 × 106 were crystallized in a dilatometer at 0.51 GPa and 242°C and then cooled slowly. Volume vs time data were used to follow the kinetics of the crystallization. The dilatometer data for the isothermal part of the crystallization were fitted to the Avrami equation. The time exponent was independent of molecular weight and the average was n = 2.2. Electron microscopy of fracture surfaces showed that all of the polyethylenes crystallized in extended chain morphology. The crystalline order and maximum extended chain crystallite thickness decreased with increasing molecular weight. The dominant morphological feature of the crystallized high molecular weight samples was a strand-like network superstructure. Attempts to stabilize the hexagonal structure formed in the isothermal part of the crystallization failed, and all specimens had only the usual orthorhombic crystal structure.
Enhanced intramucosal cytotoxic lymphocyte gene expression in ulcerative colitis

: The histopathology of the mucosal lesions in ulcerative colitis suggests that cellular immune hyperactivity plays a role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. The role of colonic mucosal cytotoxic lymphocytes in ulcerative colitis is highly controversial. In vitro determinations of cytotoxic lymphocyte function vary according to the experimental conditions and target cells employed. Transcription of the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B and perforin are specific for activated cytotoxic lymphocytes. We investigated whether activated cytotoxic lymphocytes are present in ulcerative colitis lesions via identification of granzyme B, perforin, and interleukin 2 transcripts. RNA was extracted from endoscopic colonic biopsies taken from normal and ulcerative colitis patients. An aliquot was reverse transcribed, followed by gene amplification in the polymerase chain reaction. A competitive template was incorporated within the reaction permitting the quantitation of specific mRNA species. Granzyme B and perforin levels of reverse transcribed cDNAs (RT-cDNAs) were significantly elevated in active ulcerative colitis as compared to normal colonic tissues (p = 0.0081 and p = 0.0018, respectively) when calculated as a ratio with the RT-cDNA of the constitutively expressed gene GAPDH. Interleukin 2 mRNA measurements did not vary between normal and UC samples to a statistically significant degree. These data suggest heightened lymphocyte cytotoxic function within ulcerative colitis mucosal lesions.
Stimulation of Mg-2+-dependent endonuclease activity of rat testis nuclei on incubation with NAD+ in vitro.

Inkubation von isolierten Rattenhodenzellkernen mit Nikotinamidadenindinukleotid induzierte die Bildung von Polyadenosindiphosphatribose, eine Hemmung der Ca2+, Mg2+-abhangigen, alkalischen Endonuklease und paradoxerweise eine Stimulation der Mg2+-abhangigen, sauren Endonuklease.
Representations of self and other: A semantic space model.

This article describes a semantic space model of personality. According to the model, representations of facets of the self (e.g., actual self, ideal self) and of others are arrayed in a semantic space, with proximities among representations predicted to be associated with mood, self-evaluation, and broad personality dimensions. The relation of proximities among pairs of representations to personality and mood measures was found to be mediated by the spatial proximity of other representations, indicating that the representations constitute dynamic systems. Proximities among representations were shown to predict self-esteem and self-evaluative moods even after controlling for the contribution of the personality dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness. Generally, the semantic space model led to better predictions than did several related models concerning representations of self and other.
Control and exchange: The impact of work environment on the work effort of low relationship quality employees

Our focus in this study was on uncovering which contextual factors positively influenced the level of work effort of employees who experience a low quality relationship with their supervisor. We use control theory to argue that the higher than unexpected level of work effort is due to the fact that certain work environments can return control to those who otherwise would have little, essentially serving as a substitute for a high quality LMX relationship. Data collected from 1179 employees in two organizations from the southwestern United States demonstrated that, for employees reporting low quality relationships with their supervisor, low supervisor competence, decentralized decision making, and low politics perceptions were related to high individual work effort. The scholarly and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and directions for future research in this area are offered.
Revisiting the Gulf of Tonkin Crisis: An Analysis of the Private Communication of President Johnson and his Advisers:

This essay explains how the rhetorical response of President Johnson and his advisers to the Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 provides a paradigm case of how a confusing set of events can be given interpretation and structure by means of dramatizing communication. Although the Tonkin events were largely unsubstantiated, narratives were shared in which a hostile enemy had deliberately attacked American vessels on routine patrols. Consequently, American prestige and power were being tested before the world. The confusing events, therefore, were lined up into a more familiar story which then became the justification for further action. The dramatizations swept through private decision-making groups and into the legislative and administrative branches of government resulting in the passage of a congressional resolution. This resolution was the legal weapon needed to expand greatly American involvement in the Vietnam War.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Use Among Adolescent Girls and Young Adult Women: An Analysis of the 2007 California Health Interview Survey

Abstract Background: Administration of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for adolescent girls and young adult women. Little is known about the factors associated with vaccination. This study examined prevalence and correlates of HPV vaccine initiation (≥1 dose) among a statewide representative sample of adolescent and young adult females living in California. Methods: HPV vaccination data on 3615 parents of adolescent girls aged 12–17 and 2068 young adult women aged 18–27 from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) were examined by sociodemographic, healthcare access, and health behavior factors using chi-square and multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Nineteen percent of adolescent girls and 11% of young adult women had initiated the HPV vaccine series. In both groups, lower educational attainment (parental/own) was associated with lack of vaccine initiation. For adolescents, vaccine initiation was also significantly lower among those whose parents had low in...
A systems model for low vision rehabilitation. I. Basic concepts.

The basic concepts and structure of a hierarchical systems model for low vision rehabilitation is developed and presented. The model is built on the assumption that the patient has a desired life state, which is not realized because of the visual impairment. Life state is defined as a set of activities that the individual wants or needs to perform. The activities that constitute life state are represented hierarchically in a system called the activity breakdown structure (ABS). The highest level of the ABS represents the objectives served by the activities (e.g., daily living, vocational, recreational, social, and educational objectives). Under each objective is a set of goals that serve that objective. Any goal could serve multiple objectives. The requirements for successfully achieving a goal may vary with the objective that goal serves. The lowest level of the ABS consists of tasks that must be performed successfully to achieve particular goals. Any task could serve multiple goals. Each goal and each task has a value to the patient (i.e., level of importance) and also is associated with a level of difficulty. The need for rehabilitation, which is captured in the formal construct rehabilitative demand, for each goal and its subsidiary tasks, scales with the value of the goal or task and with the difficulty in achieving the goal and/or performing the task. Successful rehabilitation will reduce rehabilitative demand by reducing the level of difficulty associated with the goal or task and/or by reducing the value assigned by the patient to the goal or task (as a result of counseling or of learning alternative strategies). Within the framework of the model, changes in rehabilitative demand define effectiveness of intervention.
Isolation of Ribosomes and Polysomes

Here we describe a preparative differential centrifugation protocol for the isolation of ribosomes from a crude cell homogenate. The subcellular fraction obtained is enriched in ribosome monomers and polysomes. The protocol has been optimized for the homogenization and collection of the ribosomal fraction from prokaryotic cells, mammalian and plant tissues, reticulocytes, and chloroplasts. The quality of the ribosomal preparation is enhanced by the removal of the remaining cellular components and adsorbed proteins by pelleting through a sucrose cushion with a high concentration of monovalent salts, NH4Cl or KCl. The different components of the ribosomal fraction isolated using this protocol can be further purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation.
A comment on the insolation at Mercury

E. Van Hemelrijck and J. Vercheval [Icarus 48, 167–179 (1981)] presented calculations of the insolation at Mercury and Venus which neglect the finite angular size of the Sun. To determine the temperature structure in the subsurface a more accurate calculation is needed, especially at longitudes ±90° on Mercury, where the Sun takes 18 days to rise or set. These calculations are presented here.
Specific killing of a human breast carcinoma cell line by a monoclonal antibody coupled to the A-chain of ricin

We coupled monoclonal IgMk antibodies directed against human breast carcinoma cells to the A-chain of the plant toxin ricin. These molecular hybrids maintain both their antibody-binding activity and the toxic activity of the A-chain. Thus, they specifically bind to and kill the breast carcinoma cells in vitro.
Extractive fractionation of betalaines

A fractionation procedure, based on extraction with acidified ethanol, was developed for the separation of betalaine pigments in beet juice powder. Extraction of lyophilized fresh beet juice with boiling 95% ethanol and subsequent chilling of the extract to −25°C yielded two fractions: an orange precipitate containing betaxanthines and a yellow pigment obtained from the filtrate. Three additional extractions of the beet juice powder residue were carried out at room temperature with 95% ethanol containing 1.0, 0.6 and 0.4% HCl, respectively, and the resulting fractions were combined. This extract contained mainly the betacyanines. This procedure achieved rapid and satisfactory separation of the principal constituents of betalaine, comparable to other more complex methods. Fractions were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on cellulose-coated plates developed sequentially with solvent mixtures consisting of ethanol, isopropanol, water and HCl.
Strategic Pricing in Newly Privatised Ports

Following privatisation, ports face an immediate need to set their prices. For this, they should assess their strategic environment, including: (a) the complex, network-like structure of their port system consisting of principal and intermediary parties; (b) the flow of services and related charges among the above-mentioned parties; (c) the differentiation and price discrimination in the market for port services; (d) the high concentration on both the demand and supply sides of this market; and (e) the mixture of competitive and cooperative behaviours among market agents. The methodology for price setting presented in this paper is based on a systematic assessment of the strategic environment. The methodology employs two novel diagnostic tools: a charge-flow diagram for analysing the allocation of port charges among principal and intermediate parties, and a game tree for analysing the port/competitors, action/reaction dynamics of the oligopolistic market. The methodology is discussed and illustrated using the case of the Port of Cartagena, Colombia.
Using smart devices for system-level management and control in the smart grid: A reinforcement learning framework

This paper presents a stochastic modeling framework to employ adaptive control strategies in order to provide short term ancillary services to the power grid by using a population of heterogenous thermostatically controlled loads. The problem is cast anew as a classical Markov Decision Process (MDP) to leverage existing tools in the field of reinforcement learning. Initial considerations and possible reductions in the action and state spaces are described. A Q-learning approach is implemented in simulation to demonstrate how the performance of the new MDP representation is comparable to that of a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) one on a reference tracking scenario.
In Vitro Biogeneration of Pure Thiosulfinates and Propanethial-S-oxide

A model reaction system was developed for generating pure thiosulfinates and propanethial-S-oxide (PTSO) using an isolated alliinase (EC 4.4.1.4) and isolated or synthetic alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides (ACSO). Reaction yields ranged from 30 to 60% after 3 h at 21−23 °C, and organosulfur reaction products were extracted into CHCl3 to yield product preparations of controlled composition. A pure thiosulfinate or PTSO was derived from a single ACSO, and a preparation containing a mixture of four thiosulfinate species was derived from reaction mixtures employing binary ACSO substrate systems. Identities of homologous thiosulfinates and PTSO were confirmed by 1H NMR. This approach has the potential to be used as a preparative tool for yielding pure thiosulfinates and PTSO to facilitate the study of chemical and biological properties of this group of compounds or as a means to study the dynamics of organosulfur chemistry in preparations from Allium spp. Keywords: Allium; thiosulfinates; propanethial-S-oxide; b...
Bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Cell types, patterns of growth, and prognostic correlates

Forty-five bronchioloalveolar carcinomas were studied, including 27 cases by electron microscopy. Bronchioloalveolar carcinomas can be classified by routine sections or by diastase-digested periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains, but electron microscopy is useful in confirming Clara cell or type II pneumocyte (nonmucinous) differentiation and excluding metastases. Mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma can mimic metastatic adenocarcinoma histologically and ultrastructurally. Of the nine tumors with mucinous differentiation, eight had aerogenous dissemination (multifocal or with pneumonic spread), and seven of those eight were fatal. Twenty-four of 36 nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar tumors had aerogenous spread; all of the 24 patients died or were living with distant metastases. The 12 nonmucinous tumors without aerogenous dissemination had a 5-year survival rate of 61%. Among these, the smaller tumors had a better prognosis. The presence of alveolar spread, rather than cell type, was the most important feature predicting survival.
Wetting and domain-growth kinetics in confined geometries.

In this paper, we review the theoretical and experimental progress in understanding the controversial phase behavior of binary liquids in dense porous media. Experimental observation of metastability and hysteresis in the phase-separation behavior has led to two widely different theoretical interpretations: the random-field Ising picture and the single-pore picture. We argue that the random-field model is inapplicable to binary liquids in low-porosity media such as Vycor, and discuss the available experimental evidence on such systems. Next, we present Monte Carlo studies of phase-separation kinetics of an Ising model in a pore. We find that the domain-growth kinetics slow down dramatically once the domain size becomes comparable to the pore size, as predicted by the single-pore model. In addition, we examine the influence of temperature and interfacial phase transitions on the kinetics, and show that the domain-growth rate slows down as the temperature moves further into the two-phase region. Finally, our results for small pores, only 20 spins across, suggest that macroscopic descriptions are surprisingly successful, even at short length scales.
Effects of chronic zidovudine administration on CNS function and virus burden after perinatal SIV infection in rhesus monkeys

Continuous intravenous administration of zidovudine (AZT) has been reported to improve cognitive function in HIV-infected pediatric patients (Pizzo et al., 1988). The effects of long-term zidovudine treatment in the perinatally infected pediatric population, including antiviral efficacy and effects on cognitive and motor function has not been systematically examined. These questions were addressed in rhesus macaque infants infected at birth with SIVSMM/B670, a primate model for infantile HIV infection and disease (Eiden et al., 1993a). Continuous or intermittent administration of AZT during the first 6 months following infection resulted in about a doubling of lifespan, a delay in the occurrence of motor impairment, and lower virus burden and quinolinic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following administration of the antiviral drug.
Convex Certificates for Model (In)validation of Switched Affine Systems With Unknown Switches

Checking validity of a model is a crucial step in the process of system identification. This is especially true when dealing with switched affine systems since, in this case, the problem of system identification from noisy data is known to be generically NP-Hard and can only be solved in practice by using heuristics and relaxations. Therefore, before the identified models can be used for instance for controller design, they should be systematically validated against additional experimental data. In this paper we address the problem of model (in)validation for multi-input multi-output switched affine systems in output error form with unknown switches. As a first step, we prove that necessary and sufficient invalidation certificates can be obtained by solving a sequence of convex optimization problems. In principle, these problems involve increasingly large matrices. However, as we show in the paper by exploiting recent results from semialgebraic geometry, the proposed algorithm is guaranteed to stop after a finite number of steps that can be be explicitly computed from the a priori information. In addition, this algorithm exploits the sparse structure of the underlying optimization problem to substantially reduce the computational burden. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated using both academic examples and a non-trivial problem arising in computer vision: activity monitoring.
Studies of metal chelates with the novel ligand 2,2,7-trimethyl-3,5-octanedione

Abstract The synthesis of the novel ligand 2,2,7-trimethyl-3,5-octanedione, H(tod), is described, as well as the preparation of some of the transition metal and lanthanide complexes containing the anion of this unsymmetrical beta-diketone ligand. The structure of Cu(tod)2 has been determined by X-ray crystallography to be square-planar with the isobutyl groups cis to each other. Thermogravimetric analyses indicate that several of these metal complexes are volatile and thermally stable compounds. Metal complexes containing this ligand also show unusually high solubilities in non-polar solvents such as n-hexane. The properties of these compounds indicate that they may be useful for vapour-plating of metals, as fuel additives, and in other applications.
“Not This One”: Social Movements, the Attention Economy, and Microcelebrity Networked Activism

The emergent new media ecology which integrates participatory media into the structure of global information flows has fundamentally affected the means of production and distribution of attention, ...
Effects of age and insulin-like growth factor-1 on neuron and synapse numbers in area CA3 of hippocampus

Age-related effects associated with the hippocampus include declines in numbers of neurons and synapses in the dentate gyrus and area CA1, and decreased cognitive ability as assessed with the Morris water maze. The present study quantified both neuron and synapse number in the same tissue block of area CA3 of the hippocampus. No investigations of both density of neurons and synapses together in area CA3 of hippocampus have been performed previously, despite its importance as the terminal field of dentate gyrus mossy fibers, the second synapse in the trisynaptic circuit in the hippocampus. Numerical density of neurons and synapses were assessed in 4-, 18-, and 29-month-old rats receiving infusions of saline into the lateral ventricle and in 29-month-old rats receiving infusions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Numerical density of neurons of the stratum pyramidale of CA3 of hippocampus remained constant across the life span as did the numerical density of synapses in stratum lucidum of area CA3. Despite the reported role of IGF-1 in synaptogenesis and improvements in behavior with age, ventricular infusion of this growth factor did not affect the numerical density of neurons or synapses in 29-month-old rats when compared to saline-infused old rats. Further, reported effects of IGF-1 on adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus are not reflected in an IGF-1-related increase in synapse density in this region.
The Language of Collaboration: Dialogue and Identity in Teacher Professional Development.

This article explores several professional development models currently being used in the US and in other countries to support teacher learning, including coaching, mentoring and communities of practice. While in some contexts the activities of the participants are informed by social constructivist views of learning, the authors argue that communities of practice offers the most promising lens for sustained growth and change. Two contrasting scenarios are presented offering a sharp illustration of the difference between a coach who assumes and maintains the position of expert, versus a consultant positioned as a collaborator and colleague in meaning-making through turn-taking and authentic dialogue. Literacy coaching and mentoring based on traditional definitions and practices may set the tone for professional development that diminishes the power and voice of teachers as agents for change — their own and that of their colleagues. This article emphasizes that it is the language of collaboration and dialog...
Effects of Father Absence on Sex-Typed Behaviors in Male Children: Reason for the Absence and Age of Onset of the Absence

(1977). Effects of Father Absence on Sex-Typed Behaviors in Male Children: Reason for the Absence and Age of Onset of the Absence. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 130, No. 1, pp. 3-10.
Stitching vs. a Toughened Matrix: Compression Strength Effects

The compression strength of a stitched and a toughened matrix graphite/epoxy composite was determined and compared to a baseline unstitched untoughened composite. Two different layups with a variety of test lengths were tested under both ambient and hot/wet conditions. At longer gage lengths where failure was due to global buckling, no significant difference in strength was found between the different materials. For shorter specimens, a 30% reduction in strength due to stitching was found for both layups, presumably due to an increase in fiber misalignment. An observed increasing strength with decreasing gage length was found for all materials and was explained using statistics and a random distribution of flaws (misaligned fibers). The toughened material showed a small increase in strength over the baseline material, presumably due to the compensating effects of a more compliant matrix and straighter fibers. A hot/wet environment reduced the strength of the baseline and stitched material by 30% and the t...
Drinking: a final common pathway?

Administration of either naloxone, an opioid antagonist (1 mg/kg i.p.), or Clonidine, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist (12 μg/kg i.p.), attenuated the dipsogenic responses of female rats to both angiotensin II (200 μg/kg s.c.) and isoproterenol (25 μg/kg s.c). The effect of simultaneous administration of naloxone and Clonidine at these submaximal doses was an additive attenuation of both angiotensin II- and isoproterenol-induced water intakes. The absence of a significant interaction between naloxone and Clonidine to inhibit drinking suggests that they act by a similar mechanism. Yohimbine, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist (300 μg/kg i.p.), administered in combination with naloxone, reversed the antidipsogenic effect on angiotensin II-induced drinking. These results provide further support for a role for alpha 2 -adrenoceptors in laboratory-induced drinking in rats, and suggest the possibility that the antidipsogenic effect of naloxone is related to alpha 2 adrenergic mechanisms. A model to support these observations is presented in which two separate pathways for the induction of drinking (osmoreceptor- and angiotensin II-induced) converge on a final common pathway. Since both naloxone and Clonidine inhibit responses to stimulation of both pathways for drinking, these results suggest that their actions are likely to be at some point as yet undetermined on the final common pathway.
Advanced Photon Source low-energy undulator test line bunch compressor beam position monitor system

This paper describes the design and development of a new beam position monitor (BPM) system designed specifically for the Advanced Photon Source Low-Energy Undulator Test Line (LEUTL) bunch compressor. The photocathode gun used for LEUTL presents new challenges for BPM systems. These challenges warranted the development of a new BPM system with a novel surface acoustic wave filter front-end and low-cost monopulse receiver. The system is designed to simultaneously measure single-shot position in both x and y planes using amplitude-to-phase signal processing topology. A logarithmic amplifier channel measures the beam intensity, which can be used as an indicator of shot-to-shot charge fluctuations. The latest experimental results using these BPMs are presented.
INSTABILITY AND DISSONANCE: PROVOCATIONS FROM SANDRA HARDING

Les travaux de Harding (S.) apportent une analyse epistemologique qui compare la theologie et la science
Twenty Years of Institutional Liberalism

The world has now experienced what could be regarded as 20 years of Institutional Liberalism: the dominance of the view that cooperation in world politics can be enhanced through the construction and support of multilateral institutions based on liberal principles. E. H. Carr was famously skeptical of liberalism as he understood that tradition. This essay, prepared originally as the E. H. Carr Lecture at Aberystwyth University, interrogates Institutional Liberalism through a lens provided by Carr’s most famous book on international relations, The Twenty Years’ Crisis. It points out three trends since the 1990s that may be associated with Institutional Liberalism: increasing legalization; trends toward more legalism and moralism; and a decline in the coherence of some international regimes. Reviewing these trends in light of Realist critiques of liberalism, the essay rejects Realism as a good moral or practical guide to world politics, but reaffirms the value of the Realist view that institutions depend on...
Case study: new techniques in the design of healthcare facilities

The recent advent of computer graphics techniques has helped to bridge the gap between architectural concepts and actual buildings. Closing this gap is especially critical in healthcare facilities. In this paper, we present new techniques to support the design decision process and apply them to the design of a neonatal intensive care unit. Two issues are addressed: ergonometric accessibility and visual supervision of spaces. These two issues can be investigated utilizing new technologies that demonstrate that computers are more than a medium of communication in the field of architecture; the computer can make a significant contribution as a proactive design tool.
Heterogeneity of synaptic glutamate receptors on CA3 stratum radiatum interneurones of rat hippocampus

1. Whole-cell recordings were made from interneurons located within CA3 stratum radiatum of neonate rat hippocampal slices. All experiments were performed in the continued presence of tetrodotoxin (1 microM) and bicuculline (5 microM) to permit the isolation of spontaneous miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs). 2. Two distinct populations of interneurones were identified based on current-voltage relations of kainate and the kinetic properties of spontaneous mEPSCs. These cell types were classified as type I and type II interneurones. 3. The I-V relation of kainate in type I cells was linear or modestly outwardly rectifying. Currents reversed polarity close to 0 mV. The kainate I-V relationship in type II interneurones was strongly inwardly rectifying with little or no outward current passed at potentials up to +50 mV. 4. Spontaneous mEPSCs were observed at a low frequency. At -70 mV mEPSCs received by type I interneurones had fast rise times (approximately 1 ms) and decay time constants (approximately 5 ms) and were mediated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Miniature EPSCs on type I interneurones reversed polarity at approximately 0 mV. At +50 mV the kinetics of the mEPSCs on type I interneurones were slowed and comprised both AMPA and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated components as revealed by their sensitivity to 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-APV). 5. The kinetics of spontaneous mEPSCs on type II cells were slower than their type I counterparts at -70 mV. Spontaneous mEPSCs received by type II interneurones showed extreme inward rectification with no cells possessing fast events at +50 mV. In a few cells slowly rising and slowly falling spontaneous mEPSCs were observed at positive holding potentials. These events were abolished by D-APV and were therefore mediated solely by NMDA receptor activation. 6. Type I or type II interneurones filled with Lucifer Yellow or biocytin possessed similar morphologies. Both cell types were typically large triangular cells with three to six branching dendrites often possessing varicosities. The dendrites of these interneurones arborized throughout strata radiatum, pyramidale, oriens and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. 7. In the majority of interneurones (both type I and II) the rise times of individual mEPSCs were correlated with their half-width and decay time constant, suggesting that the shape of the mEPSC is in part determined by the dendritic origin of the synaptic input.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Robert Lich, Jr., M.D.: Innovator in Pediatric and Adult Urology

Purpose: Dr. Robert Lich, Jr. (1909 to 1987) advanced the foundation of knowledge in many areas in the field of urology. He is best known for his contributions to our understanding and management of vesicoureteral reflux.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the many articles published by Dr. Robert Lich, Jr., focusing on his work with vesicoureteral reflux. We describe the contributions made by a pioneering urologist who helped advance the foundation of knowledge concerning the etiology of vesicoureteral reflux and its surgical management. We discuss his novel ideas within the framework of surgical techniques of his time, and relate personal experiences from his colleagues and his wife.Results: Doctor Lich was a pioneer in adult and pediatric urology. He is remembered most for his innovative ureteral reimplant technique for the surgical management of vesicoureteral reflux.Conclusions: Doctor Lich enriched the fields of adult and pediatric urology through a lifelong pursuit of scientific investigation and re...
El sustrato pedagógico en las políticas de Recursos Humanos: el caso de Agilent Technologies

The article presents a case study of a multinational company Agilent Technologies which adopted an education framework to its human resource policies. It describes the organization of the human resource policies, the main characteristics of those policies and the way HR policies can be an effective tool for fostering the education and development of the employees. A fundamental idea underlying the study is that education is a process that is proper of human beings and, thus, it could be realized in a sustained manner in any environment, including in companies. One of the activities realized was to review the main roles and responsibilities of any Human Resource Department. A theoretical framework was designed and this was used to analyze Agilent Technologies. A study of this company shows how HR policies that have an inherently education focus can have an effective positive influence on the behaviour of supervisors and the rank-and-file employees
Time course and significance of acute hyperamylasemia in patients receiving fractionated therapeutic radiation to the parotid gland region

To improve our understanding of hyperamylasemia secondary to parotid gland irradiation, serial serum amylase levels were measured from 12 consecutive patients who received incidental parotid irradiation during radiotherapy of their head and neck tumors. Rapid transient increases in enzyme activity, limited to the first days of radiotherapy, were consistently found. Awareness of the frequency and nature of this response may avoid unnecessary investigation and concern for abdominal pathology in this clinical setting.
International forecasting use of management models

Management models, when augmented by factors not normally considered domestically and used within a broader framework, can better explain and forecast strategic developments in foreign countries. Presented are: models and factors to consider; illustrative results for Hungary; and a return/risk optimizing technology transfer model for application elsewhere.
Comparison of an unsaturated soil zone model (SESOIL) predictions with a laboratory leaching experiment

Model predictions of a modified version of the soil compartment model SESOIL are compared with laboratory measurements of pollutant transport in soil. A brief description of SESOIL is given and modifications that have been made to the model are summarized. Comparisons are performed using data from a laboratory soil column study involving six chemicals (dicamba, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, atrazine, diazinon, peritachlorophenol, and lindane). Overall, SESOIL model predictions are in good agreement with the empirical data. Limitations of the model are discussed.
Ethics and the HPV Vaccine: Considerations for School Nurses:

School nurses are at the forefront of health care providers for many families of junior high and high school students and are used as primary sources of information and guidance about recommended student vaccinations. In the case of the relatively new vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV), school nurses must be both knowledgeable about the infection itself and unbiased when asked to give students and families information about the vaccine. This article explores the development and current status of HPV and the HPV vaccine and the ethical principles of autonomy, utilitarianism, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and cultural and religious issues as they relate to discussions with students and families about HPV vaccinations. School nurses are advocates for the health of students. Therefore, they must critically evaluate the application of these ethical principles when providing information and recommendations about the HPV vaccination.
Voltage-sensitive dyes for monitoring multineuronal activity in the intact central nervous system.

Optical monitoring of activity provides new kinds of information about brain function. Two examples are discussed in this article. First, the spike activity of many individual neurons in small ganglia can be determined. Second, the spatio-temporal characteristics of coherent activity in the brain can be directly measured. This article discusses both general characteristics of optical measurements (sources of noise) as well as more methodological aspects related to voltage-sensitive dye measurements from the nervous system. 1998 © Chapman & Hall
Human Pulmonary Responses with 30-Minute Time Intervals of Exercise and Rest When Exposed for 8 Hours to 0.12 PPM Ozone Via Square-Wave and Acute Triangular Profiles

Hazucha et al. (1992) compared pulmonary function responses during 8-h square-wave exposures to FA and to 0.12 ppm O3, as well as to an acute triangular exposure to a mean O3 concentration of 0.12 ppm. With 30 min of moderate exercise each hour during 8 h of continuous exposure, significantly greater pulmonary function responses were observed between 5 h and 7 h when O3 was varied in an acute triangular configuration from 0.00 ppm to 0.24 ppm over the first 4 h and back to 0.00 ppm during the last 4 h than when O3 concentration was maintained constant at 0.12 ppm throughout. These investigators employed equal periods of 30 min of exercise, in which mean VE was approximately 40 L/min, and 30 min of rest, with pulmonary function measurements taken at the end of each hour. This procedure (i.e., taking measurements at the end of each hour) could attenuate the full effect that would be observed very soon after exercise cessation, and permit some recovery to occur. Accordingly, in the present study, the primary objective was to determine what effect observations of pulmonary responses assessed immediately following repeated 30 min exercise bouts, as well as those at the end of each hour (following approximately 30 min rest) during 8-h square-wave exposures to FA and to 0.12 ppm O3, as well as to an acute triangular exposure to a mean O3 concentration of 0.12 ppm. During the last 4 h of the 8-h, 0.12-ppm square-wave exposure, the 30-min mean increases in FEV1.0 responses were consistently greater at the end of the first half hour immediately following exercise (-1.22%) than at the end of the second half-hour following 30 min of rest (+0.01%). Further, even though O3 concentration was steadily decreasing from 0.24 ppm to 0 ppm during the last 4 h of the triangular exposure, similar increases in FEV1.0 decrement (-1.38%) immediately after each 30 min exercise bout, and small recovery at the end of each 30 min rest (+0.56%) were observed. Symptom scores in both exposures during the last 4 h also showed this effect.
Protein translocation across planar bilayers by the colicin Ia channel-forming domain: where will it end?

Colicin Ia, a 626-residue bactericidal protein, consists of three domains, with the carboxy-terminal domain (C domain) responsible for channel formation. Whole colicin Ia or C domain added to a planar lipid bilayer membrane forms voltage-gated channels. We have shown previously that the channel formed by whole colicin Ia has four membrane-spanning segments and an ∼68-residue segment translocated across the membrane. Various experimental interventions could cause a longer or shorter segment within the C domain to be translocated, making us wonder why translocation normally stops where it does, near the amino-terminal end of the C domain (approximately residue 450). We hypothesized that regions upstream from the C domain prevent its amino-terminal end from moving into and across the membrane. To test this idea, we prepared C domain with a ligand attached near its amino terminus, added it to one side of a planar bilayer to form channels, and then probed from the opposite side with a water-soluble protein that can specifically bind the ligand. The binding of the probe had a dramatic effect on channel gating, demonstrating that the ligand (and hence the amino-terminal end of the C domain) had moved across the membrane. Experiments with larger colicin Ia fragments showed that a region of more than 165 residues, upstream from the C domain, can also move across the membrane. All of the colicin Ia carboxy-terminal fragments that we examined form channels that pass from a state of relatively normal conductance to a low-conductance state; we interpret this passage as a transition from a channel with four membrane-spanning segments to one with only three.
Walkability: to quantify or not to quantify

Academics and policy makers have developed quantitative approaches to judging how conducive a location is to walking. This has resulted in new terms like “walkability,” and the trademarked industry...