cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Labral Reconstruction With Gracilis Autograft

Despite growing interest in hip arthroscopy and labral preservation, some patients have severely damaged, degenerative, or deficient labrums and may be candidates for arthroscopic labral reconstruction. The ligamentum teres has been used as a graft source for open hip labral grafting, and the iliotibial band has been used in the arthroscopic setting. We present an alternative method of hip labral reconstruction using the gracilis autograft, which does not require post-harvest manipulation. Arthroscopic techniques for graft tensioning and labrum-graft overlap are introduced that may facilitate restoration of labral function in patients with otherwise non-salvageable labrums.
Patient knowledge and attitudes about avian influenza in an internal medicine clinic.

Summary Background Avian influenza is an emerging threat to public health, but little is known about how the public perceives this threat. The objective of this study was to describe beliefs, attitudes and knowledge regarding avian influenza among patients in an internal medicine clinic. Study design Cross-sectional survey. Methods Four hundred adult patients in an internal medicine clinic received the survey between April and June 2006. Results The most common sources of information about avian influenza were local and national television news (74%), cable news (51%) and newspapers (50%). The mean percentage of correct answers to seven questions regarding knowledge of avian influenza was 49%. Multivariable linear regression using the percentage of correct answers to these questions as the primary outcome showed that: (1) college education, Internet and cable news as sources; (2) income greater than $75,000; and (3) receiving an influenza vaccine in the last influenza season were positively associated with knowledge. Having a viral upper respiratory infection on the day of the survey was negatively associated with knowledge. However, greater knowledge was not associated with more positive attitudes regarding possible public health interventions in a pandemic setting. Although 42% of patients were worried about avian influenza, only 22% trusted the Government to contain its spread. Most patients were willing to wear a mask (82%), be quarantined (78%) or undergo mandatory vaccination (55%). Conclusion Knowledge about avian influenza was poor in this mainly college-educated sample, but most patients had positive attitudes towards public health control measures that would be used in a pandemic scenario. Further studies are needed to inform education strategies and pandemic influenza planning.
Extrapancreatic, extraintestinal gastrinoma: effective treatment by surgery.

OPTIMAL therapy for patients with the Zollinger– Ellison syndrome due to gastrinoma is currently in a state of evolution and reevaluation. Although treatment must be directed toward correction of gastric acid hypersecretion, selection of therapy must also take into consideration the malignant potential of these gastrin-releasing tumors (gastrinomas).1 2 3 Until recently, total gastrectomy was uniformly accepted as appropriate treatment for these patients.4 However, with the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine, a medical therapeutic alternative to surgery became available.5 , 6 Treatment with cimetidine has been shown to be effective in reducing gastric acid hypersecretion, improving symptoms, and inducing ulcer . . .
Capsule Commentary on O’Malley et al., Overcoming Challenges to Teamwork in Patient-Centered Medical Homes: A Qualitative Study

How do NCQA-recognized patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) develop and overcome challenges to sustain team-based care? This question is being raised across the country as medical practices increasingly strive to practice team care, whether to meet NCQA PCMH recognition requirements or to carry out their own strategic directives. While many researchers enumerate the challenges of implementing team care, few offer practical solutions to overcoming them. O’Malley and colleagues’ timely paper1 is based on 63 key informant interviews at 27 primary care practices that have been recognized by NCQA as level II or level III PCMHs. They offer an impressive number of insights on how these more advanced PCMHs developed teams and overcame challenges. In addition to the key findings of the study, the paper contains some very intriguing facts. All but one of the 27 practices worked in predominantly fee-for-service arrangements. Furthermore, 20 of them had 10 or fewer physicians. If these findings emerged from across s spectrum of practice sizes, they suggest that even FFS and relatively small practices can develop and sustain team care, despite the fact that most team members who are not physicians do not directly generate revenue for the practice. It is unclear from the paper, however, whether the success stories were concentrated in larger practices and/or those owned by hospitals or health systems, which may have afforded them more resources. Lastly, most practices used their PCMH funding to hire a part-time care manager. This suggests that such funds have facilitated the implementation of team care. Future research efforts should carefully examine the organizational resources invested in implementing team care across practice sizes and how supplementary PCMH payments enabled the recipient practices to enhance patient-centered care.2 Payers would want to know whether the money is best spent on supporting PCMH at a certain level or on paying for team care directly. At present, this study provides valuable lessons from the frontline on how successful PCMHs have overcome challenges to successfully develop and sustain a teamwork approach.
Fabrication and passivation of GaSb photodiodes

Abstract A novel Zn diffusion technique in n-GaSb substrate from a low temperature chemical bath deposited ZnS layer has been developed to obtain high breakdown voltages. Junctions formed by this technique have breakdown voltages of ∼ 18.5 V , low reverse leakage current (0.01– 0.03 A / cm 2 at - 3 V ), excellent reverse current saturation and ideality factor of ∼ 1.3 . The high breakdown voltages obtained are due to the co-doping of zinc and sulfur from the ZnS film. Sulfur forms shallow and deep levels that compensate the p-doping of zinc. The non-linear relation of the inverse of the zero-bias resistance area product ( 1 / R 0 A ) versus perimeter to area ratio ( P / A ) in these diodes indicates surface leakage is the dominant leakage mechanism. CdS has been used to passivate the mesa photodiodes. After passivation, the 1 / R 0 A product reduces from 0.3 to 0.02 Ω - 1 cm - 2 for a 150 μ m diameter device. The 1 / R 0 A product is also independent of the diode dimension confirming effective passivation. ZnS surface passivation on the mesa walls is not effective and is found to increase the leakage current.
Peripheral arterial disease, prevalence and cumulative risk factor profile analysis.

Background:The primary aim of the present study was to determine the cumulative effect of a set of peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors among age, gender and race/ethnicity groups in the Un...
Production of Large-Transverse-Momentum Jets in Photon-Photon Collisions

We predict a new source of jet structure in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ colliding-beam experiments arising from photon-photon collisions. These jets are produced with a sizable fraction of the total observable hadronic rate and have unmistakable signatures. Observations of these jets would provide important tests of the contributions of three classes of hard-scattering mechanisms: quark exchange in $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}q\overline{q}$, gluon exchange in $\mathrm{qq}$ and $q\overline{q}$ scattering, and constituent-interchange processes with a characteristic ${{p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ behavior.
Adsorption and reduction of m-nitrophenol at the dropping mercury electrode☆

Abstract m-Nitrophenol is adsorbed at the dme, and lowers the double-layer capacitance, at potentials more positive than its reduction potential. At that potential, a ditterential-capacitance peak appears that is partly faradaic in origin and partly due to the “desorption” (through reduction) of the m-nitrophenol. The faradaic admittance and its phase angle are anomalous, and indicate a disproportionation reaction following the first step in the reduction. In the presence of surfactants, however, the anomalies disappear; moreover, at low concentrations of surfactant, the magnitude of the admittance is enhanced. The effect of the surfactants is two-fold: the disproportionation is hindered, and also the depolarizer is displaced from the surface. Addition of the first electron is followed by a 2-electron reduction-step, which occurs at the reduction potential in the absence of surfactant and is shifted in the presence of surfactants to the desorption potential of the latter. The rate constants for these electron-transfer steps have been estimated.
Friction and wear behavior of thin-film ceramic coatings under lubricated sliding contact

Abstract Thin film ceramic coatings are increasingly being used in lubricated tribological components. Unfortunately, lubricants formulated with functional additives such as anti-wear and friction modifiers, are usually designed to interact with ferrous material to form tribochemical surface films. When these lubricants are applied to coated surfaces, the effectiveness of the additives is still largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the friction and wear behavior of several commercially available thin-film ceramic coatings when lubricated with unformulated and fully formulated synthetic oils to assess the impact of lubricant on such coatings. A variety of behaviors were observed for different coatings which can be explained in terms of the differences in tribochemical film formation and properties on the coatings surfaces.
Assessment of skull base involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comparisons of single-photon emission tomography with planar bone scintigraphy and X-ray computed tomography

The diagnostic contribution of single-photon emission tomography (SPET) to the detection of bone lesions of the skull base was explored in 200 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Comparison of SPET with planar bone scintigraphy showed that SPET improved the contrast and better defined the lesions in 107 out of the 200 patients. Comparison of SPET with X-ray computed tomography (CT) showed that SPET did not miss the lesions detected by CT while CT missed 49% of the lesions detected by SPET. The only false-positive lesion with SPET was detected in the mastoid bone. SPET detected skull base lesions in all of the 35 patients with cranial nerve involvement, while CT missed eight and planar bone scintigraphy missed four. The findings suggest that SPET should be included in the routine check-up examinations of patients with NPC.
Case Study: Refinement of Hydraulic Operation of a Complex CSO Storage/Treatment Facility by Numerical and Physical Modeling

The performance of a combined sewer overflow (CSO) storage/treatment facility in North Toronto, Ont., Canada, was investigated by conjunctive numerical and physical (hydraulic) modeling. The main objectives of the study were to (1) assess the feasibility of increasing the hydraulic loading of the CSO facility without bypassing; and (2) establish a verified numerical model of the facility for future work. The numerical model [a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD), PHOENICS] was validated and verified using results from a hydraulic scale model (1:11.6). The results obtained show that the CFD model can simulate hydraulic conditions in the facility well, as demonstrated by accurate reproduction of the filling rate, water levels at various locations, flow velocities in feed pipes, and overflows from the inflow channel. Numerical simulations identified excessive local head losses and helped select structural changes to reduce such losses. The analysis of the facility showed that with respect to hydrau...
Role of Mechanical Stress in Regulating Airway Surface Hydration and Mucus Clearance Rates

Effective clearance of mucus is a critical innate airway defense mechanism, and under appropriate conditions, can be stimulated to enhance clearance of inhaled pathogens. It has become increasingly clear that extracellular nucleotides (ATP and UTP) and nucleosides (adenosine) are important regulators of mucus clearance in the airways as a result of their ability to stimulate fluid secretion, mucus hydration, and cilia beat frequency (CBF). One ubiquitous mechanism to stimulate ATP release is through external mechanical stress. This article addresses the role of physiologically relevant mechanical forces in the lung and their effects on regulating mucociliary clearance (MCC). The effects of mechanical forces on the stimulating ATP release, fluid secretion, CBF, and MCC are discussed. Also discussed is evidence suggesting that airway hydration and stimulation of MCC by stress-mediated ATP release may play a role in several therapeutic strategies directed at improving mucus clearance in patients with obstructive lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
SU‐FF‐T‐226: A Dosimetric Evaluation of a New MOSFET Radiation Dosimeter for Total Body Irradiation

Purpose: To evaluate the use of a new metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) as an in vivo dosimeter for patients receiving total body irradiation (TBI). Method and Materials: The dose responses of the MOSFET dosimeters are compared to that of thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) during TBI treatments of 4 patients. Each patient is treated AP/PA with 60Co irradiation, a field size of 44 × 44 cm2 at isocenter, and an SAD of 338.2 cm. One MOSFET dosimeter and 4 TLD crystals are placed at the entrance and exit of five anatomical sites: head, chest, lung, umbilicus, and pelvis. Additionally, the dosimeters are positioned at a calibration point in air to normalize the dosimeter readings. The MOSFET dosimeters are read instantaneously with a digital hand held reader, and the TLDs are measured with a TLD reader. Results: The measured midline dose rates and calculated treatment times of the MOSFET dosimeters and TLDs are compared. The average deviations of the MOSFETs from the TLDs are 6% at the head, 7% at the chest, 3% at the lung, 1% at the umbilicus, and 4% at the pelvis. The maximum deviation of the MOSFETs from the TLDs is 11.5%, and the minimum deviation is 0.94%. The MOSFET calculated treatment times are within 5% of the TLD calculated treatment times. Three dosimeters failed during the treatments. Conclusion: These results show that the new MOSFET dosimeters are an adequate and efficient measurement system for TBI treatments. The cause of dosimeter failure has not been determined as further analysis and experience with the MOSFET dosimeters are necessary. It is recommended that more than one MOSFET dosimeter is used per site for TBI treatment in case of dosimeter failure.
Dynamic Motions of the G Protein Subunit G Alpha I1 While Complexed to the GEF Ric-8A

Canonical G-protein signaling pathways are activated when agonist-bound G protein coupled receptors (GPCR), acting as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF), promote the exchange of GDP for GTP on Gα subunits present in GαGDP:Gβγ heterotrimers. GEFs catalyze product release and substrate binding of the Gα subunit and therefore act as regulators of cell signaling. Ric-8a is a cytoplasmic-receptor-independent-GEF that is known to interact with the C-terminus of Gα subunits, possibly in a similar manner as GPCR's. In this study, domain and long-lived segmental motions involved in Gα subunit binding of the GEF Ric-8a and the subsequent nucleotide exchange was probed using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopic methods.
Delayed mutation in Chinese hamster cells.

The possibility was examined that mutational events can be delayed for more than one or two cell divisions following treatment of Chinese hamster cells with the DNA alkylating agent ethyl methane sulfonate. If mutations in mammalian cells are delayed, the proportion of mutant cells in colonies grown from single mutagen-treated cells will reflect the cell division at which the mutation is genetically fixed, i.e., a first division mutation yields a 1/2 mutant colony, a fifth division mutation produces a 1/32 mutant colony, etc. In the present study, replating of cells from single colonies grown for six to seven days after mutagen treatment resulted in the discrete ratios of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient mutant to wild-type colonies expected for a delayed mutational process which produces mutations over at least 8–10 cell generations. Further, when cells from 7- to 10-day colonies, grown from ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-treated cells were replated into selective medium containing 6-thioguanine (6TG), the number of 6TG-resistant colonies obtained per flask was distributed over a very wide range, consistent with a mutational delay process. These results could not be explained by differences in the number of cells per colony or plating efficiency in selective medium. Assuming that the relative number of 6TG-resistant colonies per flask reflects the time of mutation, EMS treatment produced two groups of mutational events: one which occurred within the first five cell generations and another uniformly distributed over at least the next eight to nine divisions. These results support the conclusion that EMS induces mutants for at least 10–14 cell generations after treatment and raise the possibility that current methods to assess the mutagenic potential of an agent might lead to significant underestimation. The role of delayed mutation in the phenomenon of “mutation expression time” is also discussed.
Reaction of Phenyl and Methyl Disulfide with ·Cr(CO)3C5Me5 and HCr(CO)3C5Me5. Metal Radical and Metal Hydride Reactivity at the Sulfur−Sulfur Bond. Different Mechanisms for Oxidative Addition of Alkyl and Aryl Disulfides

The enthalpies of reaction of the ·Cr(CO)3C5Me5 and disulfides (RSSR) forming RS−Cr(CO)3C5Me5 have been measured by solution calorimetry, ΔH = −13.3 + 1.5 kcal/mol (R = Ph) and −11.2 + 1.2 kcal/mol (R = Me). These data lead to Cr−SR bond strength estimates of 35 and 43 kcal/mol, respectively. The rates of oxidative addition have been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Phenyl disulfide reacts by a second-order mechanism whose rate-determining step is the attack of the chromium radical on the sulfur−sulfur bond, yielding chromium thiolate and a thiyl radical [k(298 K) = 1.3 M-1 s-1, ΔHΦ = +10.2 kcal/mol, ΔSΦ = −24.4 cal/(mol deg)]. Methyl disulfide reacts by a third-order mechanism going through a termolecular transition state in which the stronger sulfur−sulfur bond in the alkyl disulfide is attacked simultaneously by two chromium radicals [k(298 K = 393 M-2 s-1, ΔHΦ = −0.2 kcal/mol, ΔSΦ = −47 cal/(mol deg)]. The rates of reaction of MeSSMe and PhSSPh with the hydride H−Cr(CO)3C5Me5 have also been investig...
Reaction of three species of whales Balaenoptera physalus, Megaptera novaeangliae, and Balaenoptera edeni to implanted radio tags☆

Abstract Radio tags were implanted in Balaenoptera physalus (finback) and Megaptera novaeangliae (humpback) during June 1978 in Prince William Sound, Alaska and during October and November 1979 Balaenoptera edeni were tagged with the same system near Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela. There was little visible response to the implantation of the whale tag, but there was reaction to the maneuvering of the boat and to sudden underwater sounds. There was no evidence that the whales recognized the tagging boat.
Assessment in Marriage and Family Therapy: A Review of Clinical Updates for Family Therapists

This article presents information from an integrative literature review that examined assessment processes presented to marriage and family therapists in Clinical Updates for Family Therapists, Volumes 1 (2005), 2 (2006), and 3 (2007). The study was based on the concern that marriage and family therapy is losing its systemic relational focus as practitioners must comply with diagnosis models using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Using integrative literature review methods, similar to qualitative research, 54 articles were deconstructed to identify assessment tools and diagnostic processes being presented as best practice. Of the 54 articles, 96% identified the importance of having a family or couple relational perspective for working with individuals with mental disorders; however, only 54% provided any explanation to how this could be accomplished. These findings suggest a need to increase the identification of unique, relational assessment practices in articles that offer best...
The effect of intrapartum fever on early childhood behavior

JOHN SMULIAN, JULIEN TEITLER, LENNA NEPOMNYASCHY, CANDE ANANTH, NANCY REICHMAN, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School/Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, New Brunswick, New Jersey, Columbia University, Social Work, New York, New York, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Pediatrics, New Brunswick, New Jersey OBJECTIVE: Clinical chorioamnionitis is associated with an increased risk for major neurologic disabilities in children such as cerebral palsy. There is little data on other neurobehavioral outcomes. We examined whether more subtle behavioral outcomes in early childhood differ based on the presence or absence of intrapartum fever. STUDY DESIGN: Subjects were identified from women enrolled in the national multicenter longitudinal Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. This is a cohort study of women recruited from 20 cities (populations O200,000) delivering in 75 hospitals across the United States. Women delivering in the context of the Fragile Family (unwed) were over sampled and were enrolled at the time of delivery. Subjects were contacted 3 years after the delivery for a follow-up evaluation. Standard tests of behavioral, emotional and cognitive development were administered, which included the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (PPVT). Measures of child behavior and function were compared based on the presence or absence of intrapartum fever. Analyses (odds ratios, OR) were adjusted for maternal age, race, parity, smoking, marital status and child’s age in months. RESULTS: Of the 2058 subjects studied, 8% (168) had an intrapartum fever. There were non-significant trends for children from intrapartum fever cases to be more withdrawn, with more withdrawal scores that were O75th centile (OR 1.56, P=0.13), fewer aggressive behavior scores that were O75th centile (OR 0.58, P=0.18) and lower PPVT scores (P=0.15). Scores for anxiety/depression, problematic behavior, and cruelty to animals were similar. Results were unchanged when stratified on gestational age (term, preterm !37 weeks and preterm !32 weeks). CONCLUSION: There were no clear patterns of problems with behavioral, emotional and cognitive development in children born to mothers with intrapartum fever when assessed at 3 years of age. Additional follow-up will help determine whether other findings develop as these children grow older.
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HIV INFECTION IN THE DEEP SOUTH

The commentary presented by Reif et al.1 summarizing the state of HIV in the southeastern United States did not fully address key determinants that explain, in part, how the interaction between individual-level factors, patterns of sexual partnerships and sexual networks, and societal forces affect HIV transmission.
Modeling the formation of electrostatic discharges on Mars

[1] Mars' low atmospheric pressure and arid, windy climate provide an environment that supports the triboelectric charging of dust. A laboratory experiment has been performed to demonstrate that the vertical motion of dust is sufficient for this charging mechanism to produce strong electric fields capable of creating electrical discharges in a low-pressure CO2 atmosphere. Discharges have been visually and electronically detected, and the discharge frequencies and intensities have been measured. The range of pressures required to efficiently produce these discharges has also been examined, demonstrating that electrical discharges can occur under conditions expected on the Martian surface. Additionally, a simple theoretical model has been created to constrain the parameters involved in the dust charging experiment. This model supports the ideas developed in the experimental phase of the project.
Applying black hole perturbation theory to numerically generated spacetimes

Nonspherical perturbation theory has been necessary to understand the meaning of radiation in spacetimes generated through fully nonlinear numerical relativity. Recently, perturbation techniques have been found to be successful for the time evolution of initial data found by nonlinear methods. Anticipating that such an approach will prove useful in a variety of problems, we give here both the practical steps, and a discussion of the underlying theory, for taking numerically generated data on an initial hypersurface as initial value data and extracting data that can be considered to be nonspherical perturbations.
Ageing and Older Adult Mental Health: Issues and Implications for Practice, edited by Patrick Ryan and Barry J. Coughlan

Ageing and Older Adult Mental Health: Issues and Implications for Practice should be consulted frequently by students, educators, and practitioners of gerontological care. The content in the book f...
Faster clearance of sustained release verapamil in men versus women: continuing observations on sex-specific differences after oral administration of verapamil.

Pharmacokinetic studies after administration of 120 mg oral sustained- and regular-release racemic verapamil were performed in 13 healthy subjects (seven men, age 74 ± 4 years [mean ± SD], weight 69.9 ± 5.4 kg, and body mass index 24.6 ± 2.2]; and six women, age 65 ± 13 years, weight 65 ± 9.9 kg, and body mass index 25.3 ± 3). Verapamil was measured by HPLC, concentration versus time data analyzed by noncompartmental models, and statistical analyses performed by ANOVA for repeated measurements. The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) after administration of sustained-release verapamil was 48,951 ± 18,079 ng/mL · min–1 in women compared with 25,595 ± 10,245 in men and lower than after administration of regular-release verapamil (63,055 ± 24,411 for women and 34,686 ± 25,279 in men; P = .05 for sex-related effect and P < .02 for formulation effect). AUC ratios of norverapamil (N -demethylated metabolite) to verapamil after administration of sustained-release verapamil were 1.43 ± 0.26 in women compared with 1.74 ± 0.41 in men and 1.43 ± 0.26 in women compared with 1.78 ± 0.37 in men after administration of regular-release verapamil (P = .1 for sex-related effect and P = .9 for formulation effect). Apparent oral clearance was 43 ± 15 mL/min/kg in women compared with 75 ± 29 in men after administration of sustained-release verapamil and 35 ± 16 mL/min/kg in women compared with 65 ± 31 in men after administration of regular-release verapamil (P < .05 for sex-related effect and P < .02 for formulation effect). Apparent oral clearance of both regular- and sustained-release formulations of verapamil was faster in men compared with women in contrast to findings after intravenous administration of verapamil, suggesting that intestinal processes are a factor in sex-specific difference in drug clearance. Greater verapamil and norverapamil bioavailability after administration of regular- compared with sustained-release verapamil also suggests saturable processes at the intestinal level. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2000) 68, 286–292; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2000.109356
High-resolution study of the helium-fluorine laser

Hyperfine splitting and broadening have been measured for seven doublet series laser lines between the 2s22p4(3P)3p and 2s22p4(3P)3s configurations of fluorine, allowing for unambiguous determination of the hyperfine splittings in these levels. The broadening is shown to be a strong indication that the upper-level fluorine atoms are remnants of dissociative states of HeF.
The Reorganization Perspectives of Personnel Administrators: Managers in the Middle

This study examines whether human resource professsonals have a different view of reorganization than other admin istrators and whether that difference is attributable to concern about the human side of a reorganized agency, an assumption frequently made but not tested We find perspectives on morale, work settings, and incentives do indicate differences between human resource and other administrators However, human resource professionals do not differ from other administrators in their overall view of reinvention While human resource professionals are, literally, managers in the middle, viewing reinvention with a perspective more complete than that ofother managers, most still view it positively .
Itraconazole Side Chain Analogues: Structure–Activity Relationship Studies for Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) Glycosylation, and Hedgehog Signaling

Itraconazole is an antifungal drug that was recently found to possess potent antiangiogenic activity and anti-hedgehog (Hh) pathway activity. To search for analogues of itraconazole with greater potency and to understand the structure–activity relationship in both antiangiogenic and Hh targeting activity, 25 itraconazole side chain analogues were synthesized and assayed for inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and Gli1 transcription in a medulloblastoma (MB) culture. Through this analysis, we have identified analogues with increased potency for inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and the Hh pathway, as well as VEGFR2 glycosylation that was recently found to be inhibited by itraconazole. An SAR analysis of these activities revealed that potent activity of the analogues against VEGFR2 glycosylation was generally driven by side chains of at least four carbons in composition with branching at the α or β position. SAR trends for targeting the Hh pathway were divergent from those related to HUVEC ...
Energetics of strain localization in a model of seismic slip

[1] We quantify the energy dissipated to heat and to local disorder in a sheared layer of granular fault gouge. Local disorder is modeled using shear transformation zone theory, a continuum model of nonaffine deformation in amorphous solids that resolves spontaneous localization of strain. Strain localization decreases the total energy dissipated during slip. In addition, a fraction of this energy is dissipated to increasing local disorder as the material is sheared, thereby decreasing the amount of energy dissipated as thermal heat. We quantify the heat dissipated per unit area as a function of total slip in the presence and absence of strain localization and test the parameter dependence of these calculations. We find that less heat is dissipated per unit area compared to results obtained using a traditional heuristic energy partition.
p,p'-DDT: studies on induction mechanisms of microsomal enzymes in rat liver systems.

Abstract Evidence is presented to show that induction of protein synthesis by p, p′-DDT in the rat liver specifically occurs at the level of translation. Such a DDT-induced change is not accompanied by the gross increase in ribosomal RNA, or in the rate of microsomal phosphorylation from [γ-32P]ATP. Actinomycin D and α-amanitin, which inhibit RNA synthesis, had no effect on induction of cytochrome P-450. it appears that p, p′-DDT is very specific in its induction mechanism, acting largely on the initiation and elongation processes of protein synthesis at the ribosomal level.
Leg actigraphy to quantify periodic limb movements of sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) are repetitive, stereotyped movements that can disrupt sleep and result in insomnia, non-restorative sleep, and/or daytime sleepiness. Currently, polysomnography is the gold standard and only clinically acceptable means of quantifying PLMS. Leg-worn actigraphy is an alternative method of measuring PLMS, which may circumvent many of the economic and technical limitations of polysomnography to quantify nocturnal leg movements. However, the use of leg actigraphy as a diagnostic means of assessing PLMS has not been systematically evaluated. In this review, the use of leg-worn actigraphy to measure PLMS is systematically evaluated, using both qualitative and quantitative assessment. Findings demonstrate significant heterogeneity among a limited number of studies in terms of type of actigraph utilized, position of the device on the lower extremity, and methods employed to count PLMS. In general, common accelerometers vary in their sensitivity and specificity to detect PLMS, which is likely related to the technical specifications of a given device. A current limitation in the ability to combine data from actigraphs placed on both legs is also a significant barrier to their use in clinical settings. Further research is required to determine the optimal methods to quantify PLMS using leg actigraphy, as well as specific clinical situations in which these devices may prove most useful.
Magnetic microscopy promises a leap in sensitivity and resolution

Twenty years ago, Kirschvink argued that many paleomagnetic studies were limited by the sensitivity of the magnetometer systems then in use [Kirschvink, 1981].He showed that sedimentary rocks could preserve detrital remanent magnetizations at levels of 10−14 to 10−15 Am2, about 100—1000 times below the noise level of today's best superconducting (SQUID) rock magnetometers. If a more sensitive magnetometer could be built, it would dramatically expand the range and variety of rock types amenable to paleomagnetic analysis. Just such an instrument is now on the horizon: the low-temperature superconductivity (LTS) SQUID Microscope.
On Isomorphisms Between Integral Table Algebras and Applications to Finite Groups and Association Schemes

A problem that has been open for a long time is whether an automorphism of the center of the integral group ring of a finite group permutes the class sums. As a generalization, the similar problem for integral table algebras has also been studied in a few papers. In this paper we further the investigation of the problem for integral C-algebras and table algebras. We will first present some necessary and sufficient conditions under which an algebra isomorphism between integral C-algebras is monomial, and as an application, obtain a conceptual proof of the class sum correspondence theorem of group rings of finite groups. Then we prove that an algebra isomorphism compatible with degree maps between standard integral nilpotent table algebras over the ring of algebraic integers is exact. As a direct consequence, we get Hertweck's result [6] for finite nilpotent groups. An application to association schemes is also presented.
A hazard of scavenger port design

This case report describes an inadvertent misconnection of the breathing and scavenging hoses on the anaesthesia machine which resulted in complete expiratory obstruction. The features which facilitate such a misconnection are described and modifications to reduce the likelihood of this event recurring are suggested.
Characterization of the types of mutational events that spontaneously occur in a plasmid system.

Abstract The immunity region from a c I857 derivative of bacteriophage λ has been cloned into the Eco RI site of pBR322 to produce a plasmid that can be used to analyze spontaneous mutagenesis. Cells containing this plasmid are temperature-sensitive for growth unless mutations have occurred that somehow prevent the expression of the kil gene in the λ fragment at non-permissive temperature. 678 such temperature-resistant mutants from 10 independent subcultures each of 2 different recA − E. coli strains have been collected, and the nature of the plasmid mutations obtained has been analyzed. All of the subcultures contained mutants that allowed growth at the restrictive without showing a detectable change in plasmid size. 75% of the total mutants fell in this class. More than half of these mutations involved the λ leftward promoter, pL, and such mutants were found in all 20 subcultures. The remaining 25% of the mutations involved a change in plasmid size and mutations of this class were found in 18 of 20 subcultures. 12% of the total mutants (found in 16 of 20 subcultures) had an insertion of IS1 in the region between pL and the λ kil gene. 6% of the total mutants had undergone an IS1-mediated deletion, while 1% were mixed colonies in which multiple IS1-mediated events had occurred. About 1% of the total mutants had undergone complex IS1-mediated DNA rearrangement(s) that have not yet been characterized. In total, 11 of 20 subcultures yielded isolates where IS1-mediated rearrangements had occurred. The remaining 4% of the mutations included insertions of IS5, IS30, and an IS1 family member that appears to be IS1T as well as IS1T-mediated deletions and deletions that do not appear to have been mediated by any insertion sequence. A mutant with both an IS1 insetion and an alteration involving pL has also been isolated.
Molecular analysis of male gametogenesis in plants

Abstract Reproduction in plants rivals the complexity of the process in animals. Recently, several genes that are expressed at specific stages during male gametogenesis have been cloned. These anther-specific genes are providing tools with which to study the cis- and transacting factors that regulate gene expression during pollen formation. Sequence analysis of the coding regions of some of these abundantly expressed anther genes is providing unexpected insights into the cell-cell interactions occurring during gamete formation and fertilization.
32.5L: Late‐News Paper: Multitouch Pixilated Force Sensing Touch Screen

In this paper we discuss the advantages of direct touch detection with pixilated force sensing in eliminating false readings and improving accuracy in locating touch centers. We also show the properties of the transparent force sensing layer and demonstrate a 3.5 inch prototype touch panel that senses both location and force of touch actions and is multitouch capable.
Signal transduction through the T-cell antigen receptor

The mechanism by which ligand binding to the T-cell antigen receptor triggers the T-cell activation program has long been one of the most fascinating questions in lymphocyte biology. Here, we review recent insights into the transmembrane signaling functions of this multisubunit receptor complex.
Alteration of the concentration of cyclic nucleotides in the rat by fusidic acid.

nucleotides (CAMP, cGMP) act as second messengers in a number of biochemical reactions which support homeostasis in the living animal [ 1,2] . Our recent reports show that fusidic acid, a steroidal antibiotic which inhibits in vitro protein synthesis: (i) Stimulates the in vivo incorporation of ammo acids into proteins of rat liver, kidney, brain and muscle [3] . (ii) Enhances the in vivo uptake of “Pi into the liver intracellular phosphate pool. (iii) Stimulates the in vivo phosphorylation of proteins in all cell fractions of the rat liver except mito- chondria [4] . (iv) Significantly increases blood glucose concentra- tions. These observations suggest the involvement of cyclic nucleotides in the action of fusidic acid on protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis and/or glycogenolysis. We have determined that fusidic acid increases the concentration of blood CAMP while simultaneously lowering the blood cGMP concentration in the intact rat. Concentrations of these cyclic nucleotides remain unchanged in liver, kidney and muscle. There is an increase in blood glucose which is positively correlated with the change in blood CAMP concentration. Altera- tion of kidney function through bilateral nephrectomy or ureteral ligation tended to increase blood concen- trations of both CAMP and cGMP. When nephrecto- mized or ureter-ligated rats were treated with fusidic acid there was an increase in the concentration of CAMP and a reduction in cGMP in the blood similar to that observed in fusidic acid treated intact rats. In contrast to the failure of fusidic acid to alter
A mixture theory for evaluating heat and mass transport processes in nonhomogeneous snow

A multiphase mixture theory is developed and then utilized to study heat and mass transport processes in layered snow cover. The material is represented as a granular ice phase and a vapor phase which occupies the pore space. The theory is then implemented to study the process of temperature gradient metamorphism in dry seasonal snow cover and the effect of density layering on metamorphism of snow. Calculated results were found to be consistent with field observations of temperature gradient and density layering effects. The theory demonstrates that sharp variations in density induce a migration of vapor from the lower density snow toward the more dense layer, resulting in a gradual erosion of density of layers adjacent to dense snow. It is also shown that alteration in vapor density and temperature near the layer interface result.
Mars Science Laboratory Descent-Stage Integrated Propulsion Subsystem: Development and Flight Performance

On 5 August 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory mission successfully landed Curiosity, the largest interplanetary rover ever built, on the surface of Mars. The entry, descent, and landing phase of this mission was by far the most complex landing ever attempted on a planetary body. The descent-stage propulsion subsystem was explicitly developed for the guided-entry and sky-crane maneuvers that enabled precise landing of Curiosity. Development of the descent-stage propulsion system required a number of new propulsion hardware developments, incorporating technologies not normally found in spacecraft propulsion subsystems. The in-flight performance of the descent-stage propulsion system was consistent with expectations, with the exception of higher than expected delivered thrust from the Mars lander engines. The descent-stage propulsion system completed its mission with significant capability margin with respect to thruster life, maximum delivered thrust, and available propellant at touchdown.
The use of information theory and personal probabilities in computer based learning

If a student to machine response falls outside a predetermined range during computer based instruction, then some off line procedures (or an ignore command) must be invoked. This observation points out that student to machine response is generally that of a multiple choice format with a perhaps large, but still finite, list of possible responses. In this paper we will discuss the uses of information theory and the Bayesian philosophy of probability to evaluate student to machine responses when there is a well defined set of possible answers.
EBV-associated Kikuchi's histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis with cutaneous manifestations

The clinical and pathologic findings of Kikuchi's histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis may mimic those of malignant lymphoma. We describe a 6-year-old boy with generalized lymphadenopathy, spiking fever, chills, myalgias, malaise, and erythematous, crusted papules. Although cutaneous manifestations have been noted in 16% to 40% of patients with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, only three publications described skin lesions. The skin lesions and affected lymph nodes revealed histiocytic aggregates, atypical lymphoid cells, karyorrhectic debris, and patchy necrosis. Spontaneous resolution occurred in 2 months. Results of serologic studies, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein immunoperoxidase staining, EBER-1 RNA in-situ hybridization, and EBV EBNA-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction implicate EBV as the causative agent.
Thermal analysis of some metal benzohydroxamates

Abstract The preparation and thermal analysis of metal chelates of benzohydroxarnic acid (BHA) with Al(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II) (two compounds), Fe(III), La(III), Pb(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), U(VI) and Zn(II) is discussed. The Al(III), La(III), Pb(II) and Mn(II) chelates are new compounds. DTA and TGA curves of the chelates and of BHA are presented, and the heats of decomposition of the chelates are estimated.
Conditionally specified models and dimension reduction in the exponential families

We consider informative dimension reduction for regression problems with random predictors. Based on the conditional specification of the model, we develop a methodology for replacing the predictors with a smaller number of functions of the predictors. We apply the method to the case where the inverse conditional model is in the linear exponential family. For such an inverse model and the usual Normal forward regression model it is shown that, for any number of predictors, the sufficient summary has dimension two or less. In addition, we develop a test of dimensionality. The relationship of our method with the existing dimension reduction theory based on the marginal distribution of the predictors is discussed.
A Novel PWM Voltage Source Converter for a DC Zonal Shipboard Power System

In this paper, mathematical modeling and control of a PWM VSC converter is developed for a DC zonal shipboard power system (SPS) application. After selecting suitable controller parameters, a new PWM strategy is utilized by changing the carrier frequency under non ideal operating conditions. Moreover, the effect of different design parameters such as triangular wave PWM carrier frequency and DC link capacitance are observed and using the simulation results, the DC link capacitance size and PWM carrier wave frequencies are optimized for the SPS application. Non ideal operating conditions such as sudden load change, sudden supply voltage change and unbalanced supply voltage are simulated to verify the VSC performance utilizing this new PWM strategy. From the results, it is observed that the VSC can indeed show a satisfactory performance for this specific application and it can also operate under unity power factor under these non ideal conditions.