cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A free boundary problem associated with a semilinear parabolic equation

(1980). A free boundary problem associated with a semilinear parabolic equation. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 969-981.
The Management of Malignant Ureteral Obstruction Treated with Ureteral Stents

ABSTRACTPurpose: We developed an algorithm for the management of ureteral obstruction due to malignant extrinsic compression.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all ureteral stents p...
An empirical study of the efficacy of a computerized negotiation support system (NSS)

Abstract This paper presents the results of an empirical study to investigate the effects of a computerized NSS on the outcomes of face-to-face negotiations and on negotiator attitudes. In the study, pairs (dyads) of college students were involved in a simulated industrial bargaining scenario which tested the impact of computer support and conflict level on contract outcomes and negotiator attitudes. Three levels of computer support were compared: a comprehensive NSS (DSS component and an electronic communication component), DSS support only (no electronic communication component), and no computer support. The results showed that the DSS support was similar to the comprehensive NSS in improving the information processing aspects of the negotiation, such as joint outcomes, contract balance, and number of contract proposals. However, the comprehensive NSS had a wider spectrum of positive effects, impacting the socio-emotional aspects of the negotiation such as perceived satisfaction and negative climate as well as the information processing aspects.
Characterization of Aromatic Compound Sorptive Interactions with Black Carbon (Charcoal) Assisted by Graphite as a Model

Molecular interactions controlling the sorption of pollutants to environmental black carbons (soot, charcoal) are not well-resolved. Sorption of a series of aromatic compounds was studied to wood charcoal and nonporous graphite powder as a model adsorbent. Issues of concern were the possible involvement of pi-pi electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions of electron-poor and electron-rich solutes with the graphene (polycyclic aromatic) surface and size exclusion effects. Sorption of pi-acceptors, benzonitrile (BNTL), 4-nitrotoluene (MNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and to a lesser extent pi-donor solutes, naphthalene (NAPH) and phenanthrene (PHEN), was greater than predicted by hydrophobic driving forces in accord with their acceptor or donor strength. Hydrophobic effects were estimated using a concentration-dependent free energy relationship between adsorption and partitioning into an inert solvent (n-hexadecane or benzene) for a non-donor/non-acceptor calibration set (benzene and chlorinated and methylated benzenes). Molecular complexation between acceptors and model graphene donors, NAPH, PHEN, and pyrene (PYR), in chloroform and benzene was tracked by ring-current induced upfield shifts in the 1H NMR spectrum and by charge-transfer bands in the UV/visible spectrum. The EDA component of graphite-water adsorption for the acceptors correlated with the NMR-determined complexation constant with the model donors in chloroform, which, in turn, correlated with pi-acceptor strength (TNT > DNT > MNT > BNTL) and pi-donor strength (PYR > PHEN > NAPH). Charcoal-graphite isotherms calculated from charcoal-water and graphite-water isotherms indicated molecular sieving effects on charcoal for tetrasubstituted benzenes (tetramethylbenzenes and TNT) and some trisubstituted benzenes (1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, possibly DNT). When steric effects are taken into account, the order in adsorption among acceptors was qualitatively similar for graphite and charcoal. The results suggest pi-pi EDA interactions of the acceptors-and possibly donors, although the calibration set may underestimate the hydrophobic effect for fused ring systems-with both graphite and charcoal surfaces. For graphite, it is postulated that pi-acceptors interact with electron-rich regions of the basal plane near edges and defects and that pi-donors interact with electron-depleted regions further away. A similar mechanism may operate on the charcoal but would be modified by the (mostly) electron-withdrawing effects of 0 functionality on the edges of graphene sheets.
A Fossil Bee from Early Cretaceous Burmese Amber

The bee fossil record is fragmentary, making it difficult to accurately estimate the antiquity of bee-mediated pollination. Here, we describe a bee fossil [Melittosphex burmensis (new species), Melittosphecidae (new family)] from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber (approximately 100 million years before the present). The fossil provides insights into the morphology of the earliest bees and provides a new minimum date for the antiquity of bees and bee-mediated pollination.
Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone after Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumors

THE syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) has been noted in association with a variety of neurologic disorders,1 2 3 but its occurrence as a transient complication of pi...
Interface stability of Ti(SiGe)2 and SiGe alloys: Tie lines in the ternary equilibrium diagram.

The C54 phases of ${\mathrm{TiSi}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{TiGe}}_{2}$ are known to be completely miscible, however, we have observed that thin films of C54 Ti(${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{y}}$${)}_{2}$ are not stable in contact with ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{x}}$ when y=x. In this study it is shown that this interface instability can be related to the composition-dependent energetics that determine the Ti-Si-Ge ternary equilibrium diagram. Tie lines of the Ti(${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{y}}$${)}_{2}$ to ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{x}}$ system were calculated on the basis of classical thermodynamics. The calculations indicate that for C54 Ti(${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{y}}$${)}_{2}$ to be stable in contact with ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{x}}$the compositions of the two phases must be such that yx. The specific compositions of the two phases in equilibrium depend on the temperature and the relative quantities of the two phases. The dynamics of the interface reactions of C54 Ti(${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{y}}$${)}_{2}$ on ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathit{x}}$ are related to the calculated tie lines, and the diffusion kinetics of the materials. Experimental results are presented that quantitatively support the model calculations. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Cyclotron resonance and impurity transitions in the valence band of tellurium

Abstract Cyclotron resonance transitions and transitions from acceptor levels to adjacent Landau levels were observed in p-type tellurium at wavelengths of 337 μ and 195 μ with the magnetic field perpendicular to the c-axis of the crystal. The temperature dependence of the spectra in the range of 5°K to 30°K and theoretical predictions of the line positions enabled us to identify each observed line unambiguously.
A Chin-Operated Switch for Motorized Three-Axis Microscopic Movement

A chin-operated switch was developed to permit control of motorized operating microscope movement simultaneously along three axes. It permits use of both feet to operate surgical modalities, decreases microscope positioning time, and decreases needless hand movements.
CO2 concentration profiles, and carbon and oxygen isotopes in C3, and C4 crop canopies

Abstract CO2 concentrations ([CO2]), as well as carbon and oxygen isotope ratios (δ13C, δ18O) were measured within alfalfa (C3) and corn (C4) crop canopies (leaf area indices of 4.6 and 2.5, respectively). Daily fluctuations were observed within the canopy and extended into the canopy boundary layer (at heights 2 to 3 times higher than the maximum plant height). Photosynthetic demand for canopy CO2 exceeded soil respiration to such an extent that daytime [CO2] values were depleted 15 to 50 ppm below tropospheric values; δ13C values of canopy air reached a maximum of 3‰ heavier than the tropospheric baseline values. Highly significant relationships were observed between δ13C and δ18O ratios of canopy air in both crop canopies. Leaf carbon isotope discrimination was significantly different between species, 20‰ (alfalfa) vs. 4‰ (corn). However, the relationships between 1/[CO2] and δ13C, as well as 1/[CO2] and δ18O of canopy air did not differ between the two crop species. Thus, ecosystem respiration had an average δ13C ratio of −21.6‰ and a δ18O ratio of 29‰. The δ13C values of soil-respired CO2 were similar in both C3 and C4 crop stands (approximately −22.6‰). Ecosystem-level carbon isotope discrimination (Δe) estimates were indistinguishable between both crops (13.8‰ for alfalfa, and 13.2‰ for corn). Thus, the Δe estimates, as well as the δ13C values of soil organic carbon and soil-respired CO2 integrate 13C contributions from the current standing plant cover, as well as from crops of previous years in this crop rotation system. Furthermore, this study clearly indicated that the carbon isotope ratios of carbon fixed and carbon released were not near the equilibrium values expected for the current crop at each site. The implications of this isotopic disequilibrium of a crop rotation agricultural system are discussed with respect to scaling canopy-level observations to global models for identifying C sinks.
The impact of corrective advertising upon consumers' attitudes, beliefs, and behavior

Laboratory experiments regarding the effectiveness of corrective advertising have produced mixed and somewhat inconsistent results. These findings, as well as previous conceptual contributions to the literature, are reviewed and briefly discussed. An alternate basis upon which to predict the impact of corrective advertising on consumers is proposed and supporting literature from social psychology is reviewed. The authors conclude that corrective advertising is not likely to achieve the goals of FTC policy makers.
A Probabilistic Polynomial-Time Process Calculus for the Analysis of Cryptographic Protocols

We prove properties of a process calculus that is designed for analysing security protocols. Our long-term goal is to develop a form of protocol analysis, consistent with standard cryptographic assumptions, that provides a language for expressing probabilistic polynomial-time protocol steps, a specification method based on a compositional form of equivalence, and a logical basis for reasoning about equivalence.The process calculus is a variant of CCS, with bounded replication and probabilistic polynomial-time expressions allowed in messages and boolean tests. To avoid inconsistency between security and nondeterminism, messages are scheduled probabilistically instead of nondeterministically. We prove that evaluation of any process expression halts in probabilistic polynomial time and define a form of asymptotic protocol equivalence that allows security properties to be expressed using observational equivalence, a standard relation from programming language theory that involves quantifying over all possible environments that might interact with the protocol.We develop a form of probabilistic bisimulation and use it to establish the soundness of an equational proof system based on observational equivalences. The proof system is illustrated by a formation derivation of the assertion, well-known in cryptography, that El Gamal encryption's semantic security is equivalent to the (computational) Decision Diffie-Hellman assumption. This example demonstrates the power of probabilistic bisimulation and equational reasoning for protocol security.
THE CHLOROPHYLL-PROTEIN COMPLEX : I. ELECTROPHORETIC PROPERTIES AND ISOELECTRIC POINT.

1. Reported effects of different conditions on the stability of the purified chlorophyll-protein complex have been confirmed. 2. The electrophoretic behavior of the chlorophyll-protein complex prepared from two unrelated species of plants ( Aspidistra elatior and Phaseolus vulgaris ) has been investigated and shown to be dissimilar. In M/50 acetate buffer at 25°C, the isoelectric point of the complex from Phaseolus is at pH 4.70, whereas that from Aspidistra is at pH 3.9 (extrapolated). These values fall within the usual range of protein isoelectric points. 3. Treatment with weak acids causes an irreversible denaturation of the protein complex from both species, with a resultant shift in the mobility-pH curves to more basic values. 4. Differences in electrophoretic behavior between the chlorophyll-protein complex and the cytoplasmic proteins of Phaseolus have been demonstrated. The isoelectric point of the latter is at pH 4.22.
Political Phenomenology: Radical Democracy and Truth

AbstractIn light of the "theological turn" in recent phenomenology, a question arises for contemporary thought of how the relationships among philosophy, religion, and democratic politics might be recontextualized and understood from a specifically phenomenological perspective. Essential in addressing this question is a critical examination of the method of reduction, or epoche instituted by Edmund Husserl as the original, core practice of phenomenology. Reinterpreting the epoche in terms of its social, historical, and political dimensions, later phenomenologists Enzo Paci and Jan Patocka demonstrate how phenomenology's conception of truth is necessarily coordinated with a commitment to collective democratic praxis. In Paci, the practice of epoche initiates critical resistance to ideological and idolatrous social and political forms through contrast with the infinite openness of truth's real universality. In Patocka, phenomenological method as applied to historically-embedded religious and philosophical t...
ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A VERY FAST LOBSTER MUSCLE

The remotor muscle of the second antenna of the American lobster is functionally divided into two parts. One part produces slow, powerful contractions and is used for postural control. The other part produces very brief twitches, can follow frequencies over 100/sec without fusion and is probably used for sound production. This great speed is due, in part, to synchronous arrival of nerve impulses at multiple terminals, a very brief membrane electrical response and electrical continuity throughout large volumes of sarcoplasm. Calculations indicate that the very extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum is probably responsible for the rapid decline of tension in this muscle.
Theoretical calculation of the wave-vector- and frequency-dependent dielectric function of YBa2Cu3O7.

Calcul des parties reelle et imaginaire de la fonction dielectrique ∈(ω,q) de YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 dans l'approximation de la phase aleatoire, fonde sur une structure de bande de liaison forte parametrie. Seule la contribution provenant des transitions electroniques interbandes est consideree. Pour des energies situees dans l'intervalle 0,2-1,5 eV ∈ 1 est negative dans un grand domaine du plan q x , q y . Des etudes detaillees des pics d'absorption a basse energie revelent qu'ils sont principalement associees aux excitations de charge inter-bandes impliquant les orbitales au voisinage du plan Cu-O
Intratracheal instillation of r Alt a2 DNA vaccine is detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after 2 weeks

Abstract Rationale In previous studies of a Brown Norway rat model we have demonstrated that rAlt a2-DNA based vaccine can be effective in decreasing Alternaria specific IgE and pulmonary responses to Alternaria sensitization. In this study we sought to determine if the plasmid DNA-vaccine can be detected in lungs, BAL fluid and other organs such as the trachea, liver, kidneys and spleen two weeks after vaccination. Methods Three, ten-week-old Brown Norway rats were given a rAlt a2-DNA vaccine once a week for two weeks, one animal received saline. Two weeks after the last treatment, the animals were sacrificed and their organs removed. Their lungs, BAL fluid, trachea, liver kidneys and spleen were homogenized and treated with proteinase K and phenol: chloroform for DNA extraction. The DNA was resolved in a 1% agarose gel. Results We recovered plasmid DNA from BAL fluid and trachea. To determine the identity of the extracted plasmid a PCR reaction was prepared with rAlt a2 specific primers. The PCR products confirmed the plasmid contained rAlt a2-DNA vaccine. Conclusion We conclude that the DNA vaccine is detectable in the target organ for least two weeks and does not migrate via blood stream to any other of the organs tested.
A model of an optical roughness-measuring instrument

Abstract We have developed a nonlinear model of a commercial optical instrument for measuring the root-mean-square slopes of rough surfaces. The model improves upon previous ones in that it accounts for certain instrumental factors which affect the optical roughness measurements.
Applying Return on Investment (ROI) in Libraries

ABSTRACT State, public, academic, and special libraries are conducting and publishing the results of studies aimed at showing the value of their services and resources. Librarians must be prepared and proactive so when asked to justify budget allocations they have the tools to show their library's value and understand the importance of expressing value in terms familiar to the administrators. By identifying stakeholders and obtaining their buy in, librarians can turn data into evidence of the organization's return on investment (ROI) in the library. ROI is a powerful tool to use when establishing credibility, accountability, and evidence demonstrating the library's value.
Optical Stark Spectroscopy of a Brownian Oscillator in Intense Fields

The optical Stark effect of a two-level system coupled to a Brownian oscillator (i.e. a harmonic mode which in turn is coupled to a heat bath) is studied using equations of motion for a reduced density matrix. These equations, derived using path integral techniques, can be used to study the combined effects of strong fields and dephasing processes at finite temperature, and interpolate continuously from the coherent to the overdamped limits where they reduce to the stochastic Gaussian-Markovian equation. Numerical calculations of probe absorption spectra for various pump intensities are presented, and show dynamical Stark splitting. In contrast to the Bloch equations which contain an infinite-temperature dephasing, we find that at finite temperature, the Stark peaks may have different heights even when the pump pulse is on resonance.
Angular dependence of bremsstrahlung produced by 17.5-keV electrons incident on thick Ag

The bremsstrahlung produced by 17.5-keV electrons incident on a 2415 \ensuremath{\mu}g/cm${}^{2}$ Ag target has been measured at forward angles in the range 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 55\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} relative to the electron beam. The intensity of the thick-target bremsstrahlung produced is presented on an absolute scale at angles in this range, with corrections for detector efficiency, photon attenuation within the target itself, and other factors. After correction for photon attenuation within the target, the results indicate that bremsstrahlung is essentially isotropic. The experimental data are in approximate agreement with both the predictions of a modified version of the Kramers formula and the Monte Carlo program, penelope.
A new articulator emphasizing centric occlusion and the anterior determinants

A new articulator is described which has the advantages of the rigidity of a simple articulator in the upper member and the flexibility of an adjustable articulator in the lower member. A link between the members and the frame along with the posterior controls establishes a full range of functional chewing movements and defines the extreme lateral or border paths. The articulator has condylar element controls which permit releasing and remounting the mandibular cast in a manner that serves the same function as the split-cast technique, but this method is faster and shows the amount of discrepancy. The condylar element control is an improvement over existing devices for comparing interocclusal records in that it not only indicates differences in position but it also provides quick remounting of the casts in a working articulator. Other features of the articulator are: (1) a condylar lock mechanism which is activated by only a half turn, (2) adjustable spring tension, (3) precise long centric and wide centric controls, (4) an incisal pain which can be removed and replaced on the articulator without changing its setting, (5) a Bennett movement carefully selected to avoid the complication of a pantograph type of face-bow, and (6) a new sponge wall type of mounting plate which supports both casts for simultaneous mounting.
Reaction of o-benzyne with tropothione involving biradical processes.

A benzyne−tropothione reaction was studied experimentally and computationally. Three isomeric products were detected by a careful experiment using two benzyne sources. The three equimolar products were identified. The expected symmetry-allowed [4 + 2] or [8 + 2] cycloadduct was not detected. In order to explain the unexpected products, density functional calculations and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were carried out. The benzyne is, first, added to the tropothione via one-center C−S bond formation. Then a singlet biradical intermediate is formed. In the biradical, an α hydrogen atom of the tropothione moiety is moved to the benzyne moiety. A closed-shell intermediate is generated. This allene-type intermediate is isomerized to the second intermediate. The intramolecular proton shift in the latter leads to the three products. The biradical character of the benzyne has a key role in the present reaction and was discussed in reference to other benzyne reactions.
DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNITY POWER: A STUDY OF AN UNINCORPORATED TOWN

I. THEORETICAL ORIENTATION Community power research has burgeoned since World War II. The results have been varied and stimulating hypotheses on both the nature of power on the community level and the meth odology used to explore this phenomenon. Floyd Hunter (1953) initiated the post-war research boom with his study, Community Power Structure. Hunter found Atlanta, Georgia to be dominated by a relatively small business elite, a finding which many have interpreted as implying the existence of a "monolithic" deci sion-making structure. The "reputational technique" he utilized to identify the power structure elicited sharp criticism from those scholars who perceived grave weaknesses in it as a measure of community power. (See, for example, Kaufman and Jones, 1954; Dahl, 1958.) A viable methodological alternative was not formally presented, however, until political scientist Robert Dahl (1961) published Who Governs? In this work, focused on New Haven, Connecticut, he used the "decisional technique," and found a "pluralistic" power structure. He saw competing groups vying for control of issue areas of varying importance. The tension produced by these polar theoretical orientations and methodologies has generated much controversy and addi tional research. Robert Presthus (1964) exemplifies the major re sultant trend in Men at the Top by seeing these alternative view
RECOMBINATION AND CONDENSATION PROCESSES IN HIGH AREA RATIO NOZZLES

D or evaporated species that do not recombine or condense to equilibrium values during expansion in the nozzle of a rocket or air breathing engine may represent a large thrust loss. Data and understanding on recombination and condensation rates are needed for predicting engine performances such as hypersonic ramjets, chemical rockets, and nuclear rockets. Trends to higher operating temperatures, expansion to lower pressures, and use of metals or their compounds in fuel lead to the increasing importance of the chemical and physical processes in nozzles. This paper summarizes information on nozzle processes for certain systems of current interest; essentially it brings Ref. 1 up to date. In particular, the effect of recombination on performance, some implications to design, and data and analyses are presented for hydrocarbon-air, hydrogen-air, hydrogenfluorine, hydrogen-oxygen, jet fuel-oxygen, metallized propellant, and heated hydrogen systems. Not all available information in the field is treated, but the grosser aspects of the problem are highlighted. The systems discussed are examples of the three types of study that can be considered for evaluating nozzle performance. First, applying rate data to evaluate nozzle performance can be accomplished by solving a set of equations relating the flow, thermodynamics, and kinetics of the system. One difficulty in this rigorous approach is the mathematical complexity of including a number of processes. For example, assume that the hydrogen-air system requires consideration of four elementary reactions and seven species as follows:
A Pilot Study of Perillyl Alcohol in Pancreatic Cancer

Background Chemotherapy has been largely unsuccessful in pancreatic cancer. Measurement of cell-specific biological endpoints may clarify the evaluation of a newer generation of compounds. Perillyl alcohol has shown chemotherapeutic activity in preclinical systems through enhancing apoptosis. Aims To pilot a new trial template for testing novel agents in pancreatic cancer and to assess the biological activity of perillyl alcohol in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Methods Apoptosis was quantified with ApopTag in situ , Bak staining, and light microscopy. Tumor size, serum CA 19–9 level, and survival were also measured. Results Eight patients enrolled. Toxicity was mild and perillyl alcohol was generally well tolerated. Tumor size and CA 19–9 level were unchanged with perillyl alcohol treatment. Survival time was longer in patients who received full perillyl alcohol treatment (288 ± 32 days) compared to those who did not (204 ± 96 days), but this result did not achieve statistical significance ( P = 0.2). There was a trend toward greater apoptosis in patients receiving perillyl alcohol compared to fresh operative controls; there was also a suggestion of greater apoptosis in tumor compared to normal pancreatic tissue in the same patient. Conclusions Incorporation of cell-specific biological endpoints is challenging but feasible and should be used in clinical studies of pancreatic cancer treatment. Our pilot study suggests that perillyl alcohol may indeed have effects on biological endpoints. This study will serve as a useful template for examining cell-specific biological endpoints in the testing of future agents that are thought to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.
Factorization of polynomials based on the multiplicities of their roots and applications

Abstract The process of factoring a polynomial in such a way that the multiplicities of its distinct roots can be determined, is considered. Central to this factorization process is the ability to compute the polynomial of the distinct roots of a given polynomial from the discriminants of the given polynomial. By subsequent extraction of, and division by these polynomials of distinct roots, a given polynomial is factored into a product of polynomials raised to powers that are equal to the multiplicities of the roots. The ability to compute polynomials of distinct roots and to factor polynomials based on multiplicity, is utilized to develop an algorithm for computing the greatest common divisor of a system of polynomials. Some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate these algorithms.
Severe pruritus and hypothermia as the primary manifestations of human herpes virus-6 encephalitis after pediatric cord blood transplantation.

Severe pruritus and hypothermia as the primary manifestations of Human Herpes Virus-6 encephalitis after pediatric cord blood transplantation
Child maltreatment dynamics among immigrant and U.S. born Latino children: Findings from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW)

Abstract Latino children are the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority group in the United States, and the proportion of child maltreatment victims who are of Latino ethnicity has been growing since 2000. However, our knowledge of the characteristics, maltreatment patterns, and risk factors associated with maltreatment among immigrant and U.S. born Latino children and their families has been incomplete. The goals of this study are to establish the national prevalence of immigrant and U.S. born Latino children who come to the attention of child welfare systems in the United States; to expand our knowledge regarding the role of nativity in child maltreatment patterns among Latinos; and to determine if disparities in child maltreatment patterns and risks exist among Latino families using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being. Despite considerable risks, data indicate that immigrant Latino children are slightly underrepresented among children who present to child welfare systems when compared to the general population. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between immigrant children and U.S. born children with regard to substantiation patterns. However, significant differences emerged between the two groups in risk factors and maltreatment type, warranting further investigation.
The rare-earth arsenides: Non-stoichiometry in the rocksalt phases

Abstract The rare-earth arsenides with the rocksalt structure are non-stoichiometric compounds. Both anion and cation lattice sites are incompletely occupied. A range of arsenic solubility is observed in all cases, and in samarium arsenide at 700 °C, it extends from Sm 0.98 As 0.81 to Sm 0.98 As 0.98 . Over part of the solubility range at the arsenic-rich end, variations in arsenic content can occur with no detectable change in lattice parameter. Further decrease in arsenic content can occur at 700 °C in all but Y, Ho, Er and Yb arsenides, and is accompanied by a reduction in the lattice parameter. A range of metal solubility exists at high temperatures for all phases and results in considerable reduction of lattice parameter at the lower metal concentrations. There is no evidence for vacancy ordering.
Multiple social identities and stereotype threat: Imbalance, accessibility, and working memory.

In 4 experiments, the authors showed that concurrently making positive and negative self-relevant stereotypes available about performance in the same ability domain can eliminate stereotype threat effects. Replicating past work, the authors demonstrated that introducing negative stereotypes about women's math performance activated participants' female social identity and hurt their math performance (i.e., stereotype threat) by reducing working memory. Moving beyond past work, it was also demonstrated that concomitantly presenting a positive self-relevant stereotype (e.g., college students are good at math) increased the relative accessibility of females' college student identity and inhibited their gender identity, eliminating attendant working memory deficits and contingent math performance decrements. Furthermore, subtle manipulations in questions presented in the demographic section of a math test eliminated stereotype threat effects that result from women reporting their gender before completing the test. This work identifies the motivated processes through which people's social identities became active in situations in which self-relevant stereotypes about a stigmatized group membership and a nonstigmatized group membership were available. In addition, it demonstrates the downstream consequences of this pattern of activation on working memory and performance.
Synthesis of Naphthyridinone Derivatives as Potential Antimalarials

In this paper we present the synthesis of 8-(4′-amino-1′methyl-butylamino)-5-(β,β,β-trifluoroethoxy)-1,6-naphthyridine (4), 8-(4′-amino-1′methylbutylamino)-6-methyl-1,6-naphthyricline-5-one (5), two 1-alkyl-3-(4′-amino-1′-methylbutylamino)-7-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-4-ones (20a) and 20b), 3-(1′-amino-4′-methylbutyl-amino)-l-ethyl-7-methyl-l,8-naphthyridin-4-one (20c), and 4-(4′-diethylamino-1′-methylbutylamino)-7-methyl-1,7-naphthyridin-8-one (28). The compounds were evaluated for antimalarial activity in the Plasmodium berghei screen and found to be inactive.
2013 ACC/AHA Guideline Recommends Fixed-Dose Strategies Instead of Targeted Goals to Lower Blood Cholesterol

The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Task Force on Practice Guidelines recently issued the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults. This new guideline endorses a paradigm shift in strategies for reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events by lowering blood cholesterol. Whereas previous guidelines focused on therapy to decrease low-density lipoprotein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to specific target levels, the new guideline instead proposes implementation of cholesterol-lowering treatment using evidenced-based intensity of statin therapy without such targets. The guideline also provides a new risk estimator for primary prevention decisions, including stroke outcomes and data on African Americans, which will significantly increase the number of patients recommended for outcome-related benefits of cholesterol-lowering therapy. The first section of this paper reviews the process by which the task force developed the new evidence-based guideline, the major findings and recommendations, and their implications. The second section primarily focuses on the question of how much low-density lipoprotein cholesterol should be lowered and on additional considerations in risk assessment.
Interleukin--10 Inhibition of HLA--DR Expression in Human Herpes Stromal Keratitis

Purpose: Human herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is an important cause of visual loss and morbidity. The presentation of corneal and/or viral antigens is thought to activate T lymphocytes, resulting in aberrant cell-mediated immune responses that are central to the pathogenesis of HSK. Aberrant cellular expression of HLA-DR and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), both of which are necessary for optimal antigen-induced T-lymphocyte responses, is present in lesions of HSK, but little is known concerning endogenous cytokines that may inhibit HLA-DR or ICAM-1 expression in human disease. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression in human HSK. Methods: Penetrating keratoplasty specimens removed from 5 patients with HSK were divided to provide adjacent sections that were incubated with control medium or the same medium containing IL-10 (100 U/ml) for 48 hours. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed on each control and IL-10-treated corneal specimen to determine HLADR and ICAM-1 antigen expression. Results: Interleukin-10 treatment resulted in profound reduction in immunoreactive HLA-DR, but not ICAM-1, in corneal cells and infiltrating leukocytes of all five HSK specimens. Conclusions: This study suggests that HLA-DR antigens may be selectively inhibited by cytokines released during inflammation in HSK. These results are the first to demonstrate cytokine suppression of HLA-DR in a human disease. Pharmacologic doses of IL-10 may inhibit HLA-DR-dependent immune responses that underlie a variety of destructive ocular inflammatory diseases.
Single unit cast post crown for pulpless anterior tooth roots

Abstract The post and crown for pulpless teeth can be cast as one unit by constructing a pattern with cold-curing acrylic resin and wax. The crown part of the restoration is made with a recess for a labial veneer of acrylic resin. Cementation can be accomplished on the second visit. A single unit cast post and crown saves valuable chair time and simplifies an operation without sacrificing accuracy or esthetic requirements.
Hole dynamics in the two-dimensional strong-coupling Hubbard Hamiltonian.

The effective Hamiltonian, obtained from the Hubbard model in the strong-coupling limit, is diagonalized exactly for a periodic two-dimensional square lattice of ten sites. We obtain the ground state of the system for any filling of the lattice and the $K$-space excitation spectrum for a single hole. Within our finite-size system, it is found that for very small coupling ratio $\frac{t}{U}$, each hole creates a local ferromagnetic environment at least of the size of our system, whereas for increasing $\frac{t}{U}$, the holes tend to form clusters, induced by antiferromagnetic spin correlations. A range of $\frac{t}{U}$ exists for which pairing of the holes may be possible.
Rotating Protostars and Protostellar Disks. I. Equilibrium Models

Abstract This paper is part of a series dealing with the structure and dynamic stability of rotating protostellar cores. As a first step in our study, we have generated numerical equilibrium models for isentropic, axisymmetric protostellar cores in rapid rotation. These models represent endstates for collapse from two different types of initial precollapse cloud conditions, chosen to be reasonable cases for the formation of low- or intermediate-mass stars on the basis of other theoretical or observational work. Specifically, we consider the equilibrium cores which would form from the collapse of uniformly rotating clouds with the density distributions of singular isothermal spheres and of truncated Gaussian spheres. The major structural differences between the two sequences are largely due to their distinct angular momentum distributions. The protostellar cores which result from singular isothermal initial conditions can be readily interpreted as slowly rotating stars surrounded by massive, rotationally supported disks. A “star” and a “disk” are not easily distinguished for the Gaussian cases, but the outer regions of these models are typically in rapid, nearly Keplerian rotation. For reasonable assumptions about parameters, the most rapidly rotating protostellar cores that we can calculate accurately correspond to highly flattened disk or star/disk systems of roughly solar mass with equatorial radii of a few AUs or less. For the protostellar cores that result from the collapse of singular isothermal spheres, we find that a significant range in parameter space exists in which protostellar disks are much smaller than the typical dimensions usually considered for the solar nebula. These conditions may be conducive to the formation of relatively compact planetary systems such as 51 Pegasi. Our axisymmetric star/disk models are fully two-dimensional in the sense that both the vertical disk structure and the central star-like regions are resolved. These models will be used as a numerical laboratory for studies of various dynamic processes in protostellar disks.
Infrastructure outsourcing in multi-cloud environment

Infrastructure clouds created ideal conditions for users to outsource their infrastructure needs by offering on-demand, shortterm access, pay-as-you-go business model, the use of virtualization technologies which provide a safe and cost-effective way for users to manage and customize their environments, and sheer convenience, as users and institutions no longer have to have specialized IT departments and can focus on their core mission instead. These key innovations however also bring challenges which include high levels of failure; lack of interoperability between cloud providers, which puts significant lock-in pressure on the user, and lack of tools that allow users to leverage the on-demand growing and shrinking of infrastructure. All these factors prevent users from capitalizing on the infrastructure cloud opportunity. In this paper we propose a multicloud auto-scaling service that enables the user to leverage "computational power on tap" provided by infrastructure clouds, i.e., allows the user to easily deploy resources across multiple private, community, and commercial clouds; provides high availability in that it allows users to replace failed resources; and scales to demand. The policies governing scaling are customizable based on system and application-specific indicators. We will describe the service architecture and implementation and discuss results obtained in the sustained deployment and management of thousands of virtual machines on EC2.
An Inversion Recovery NMR Kinetics Experiment

A convenient laboratory experiment is described in which NMR magnetization transfer by inversion recovery is used to measure the kinetics and thermochemistry of amide bond rotation. The experiment utilizes Varian spectrometers with the VNMRJ 2.3 software, but can be easily adapted to any NMR platform. The procedures and sample data sets in this article will enable instructors to use inversion recovery as a laboratory activity in applied NMR classes and provide research students with a convenient template with which to acquire inversion recovery data on research samples.
Drug-induced hypoglycemia in home care patients with diabetes

Although $1 of every $7 spent on health care in the United States is spent on diabetes, only one-third of the 16 million patients with diabetes have completed a diabetes education program. 1 Caregivers in home care settings have an opportunity to educate these patients and help identify and prevent drug-related problems, especially hypoglycemia.
Quantitation of tissue calpain activity after isolation by hydrophobic chromatography

Abstract A rapid and reliable method for quantitating tissue calpains (Ca 2+ -activated, neutral, thiol proteases) was developed using hydrophobic chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose. Calpains I and II isolated by this method are free of endogenous inhibitor(s) (calpastatin), activator(s), and nonspecific proteases. These calpains expose hydrophobic regions in the presence of Ca 2+ and bind tightly to phenyl-Sepharose. Inactivation of bound calpain is prevented by the addition of leupeptin (20 μM). Calpains I and II bound initially by phenyl-Sepharose in a Ca 2+ -dependent manner are then eluted successively on the basis of their Ca 2+ -independent binding to phenyl-Sepharose. Because calpastatin may prevent binding of calpain to phenyl-Sepharose by forming a protease-inhibitor complex in the presence of Ca 2+ , preadsorbing the protease to a suspension of phenyl-Sepharose beads initially in the absence of Ca 2+ separates most of the calpain present in tissue extracts from calpastatin. The isolated calpains obtained are assayed by casein digestion. This quantitation procedure is suitable for measuring calpain activity in various tissues and cells including erythrocytes.
Biochemical evidence for PGI2 and PGE2 receptors in the rabbit renal preglomerular microvasculature

Abstract It has been proposed that a portion of the biologic actions of vasodilator prostaglandins occurs via an interaction with specific adenylate cyclase-linked receptors. This hypothesis was explored further in the renal microvasculature by examining the effects of PGI 2 , PGE 1 , and PGE 2 on rabbit preglomerular microvascular adenylate cyclase. A membrane preparation derived from freshly isolated rabbit renal preglomerular microvessels was used in these studies. NaF, forskolin, or 5′-guanylyl imidodiphosphate were found to be effective in increasing adenylate cyclase activity in the absence of exogenous guanosine-5′-triphosphate. A dose-dependent stimulation of adenylate cyclase was also observed with guanosine-5′-triphosphate. PGE 1 , PGE 2 , and PGI 2 produced a dose-dependent stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity only in the presence of guanosine-5′-triphosphate suggesting that this nucleotide is essential for prostaglandin-induced stimulation of the enzyme. PGI 2 exhibited a time-dependent increase in adenylate cyclase activity and this increased activity reached a plateau at 20–25 min. When PGE 1 and PGE 2 were added together, no additive effect on adenylate cyclase stimulation was noted whereas PGI 2 and PGE 2 when added together produced an additive stimulatory effect. When viewed together, these data suggest the presence of separate PGI 2 and PGE adenylate cyclase-linked receptors in rabbit renal preglomerular microvessels. These findings also suggest that in the renal microvasculature, cyclic AMP may be a second messenger mediating the vasodilatory effects of both PGI 2 and PGE 2 .
Field Performance of Advanced Runner- and Virginia-Type Peanut Breeding Lines During Epidemics of TSWV

Abstract Spotted wilt, caused by tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV), has become a major problem in peanut- (Arachis hypogaea L.) producing areas of the southern U.S. Development of cultivars with resistance to TSWV appears to be among the most promising methods for managing this disease. As part of efforts toward characterizing breeding lines with potential for release as cultivars, epidemics of spotted wilt were monitored in field plots of runner-type peanut cultivars Southern Runner and Florunner and advanced breeding lines: 79/4-6-2-1-1-Z16-b2-B (virginia-type), F 84/23-11-1-1-1-b2-B (runner-type), and F 84/28-5-5-2-2-1-b2-B (runner-type), F 84/28-5-4-2-2-b3-B (runner-type). The tests were conducted near Attapulgus, GA and Marianna, FL in 1995 and 1996. In 1996, the tests also included the runner-type cultivar AT-108. Epidemics of spotted wilt were suppressed in F 79/4-6-2-1-1-Z16-b2-B, F 84/23-11-1-1-1-b2-B, F 84/28-5-5-2-2-1-b2-B, and Southern Runner in comparison to those in Florunner. Final dise...
Bone remodeling around porous metal cementless acetabular components.

Bone remodeling around cementless acetabular components after total hip arthroplasty has not been well characterized. A randomized, prospective study of total hip arthroplasty was performed comparing 2 cementless acetabular implants: a solid titanium and a more elastic porous tantalum design. Seventeen hips (9 porous tantalum, 8 titanium) underwent quantitative computed tomography at mean of 7.7 years, and adjacent bone mineral density (BMD) was calculated. The absolute and relative decrease in BMD from preoperative level was less in zones 9 to 15 mm adjacent to the porous tantalum compared to the titanium component (P ≤ .02) and predominated posterosuperiorly. The relative BMD increased in all regions adjacent to the porous tantalum component from 5% to 40% over the control. This data demonstrates stress-shielding likely occurs less around a highly porous metal implant of material with an elastic modulus similar to bone.
Prenatal depressive symptoms and abnormalities of glucose tolerance during pregnancy among Hispanic women

The aim of this study is to prospectively examine the association between maternal depressive symptoms in early pregnancy and risk of abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in mid-pregnancy. We evaluated this association among 934 participants in Proyecto Buena Salud, a prospective cohort study of Hispanic (predominantly Puerto Rican) women in Western Massachusetts. Depressive symptoms were assessed in early pregnancy using the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Scores ≥13 indicated at least probable minor depression and scores ≥15 indicated probable major depression. AGT and IGT were diagnosed using American Diabetes Association criteria. In early pregnancy, 247 (26.5 %) participants experienced at least minor depression and 163 (17.4 %) experienced major depression. A total of 123 (13.2 %) were classified with AGT and 56 (6.0 %) were classified with IGT. In fully-adjusted models, the odds ratio for AGT associated with minor depression was 1.20 (95 % CI 0.77–1.89) and for major depression was 1.34 (95 % CI 0.81–2.23). The odds ratio for IGT associated with minor depression was 1.22 (95 % CI 0.62–2.40) and for major depression was 1.53 (95 % CI 0.73–3.22). We did not observe an association with continuous screening glucose measures. Findings in this prospective cohort of Hispanic women did not indicate a statistically significant association between minor or major depression in early pregnancy and AGT or screening glucose values in mid-pregnancy. Due to the small number of cases of IGT, our ability to evaluate the association between depression and IGT risk was constrained.