cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

SummaryIntravenous injections of the surface active agent Triton WR1339 into rabbits caused a marked increase in serum neutral fat as well as in cholesterol and phospholipids. A large percentage of this increase was found in the lipid fraction which rose to the surface when serum was centrifuged at 20,000 g for 2 hours or more. Administration of Triton to rabbits rendered hypercholesterole-mic by cholesterol feeding decreased the percentage and absolute value of total cholesterol remaining in the subnatant fraction after highspeed centrifugation. After several injections, concentration of cholesterol in the subnatant dropped well below the pre-injection value in spite of increase in total serum cholesterol concentration. It is suggested that an increase in percentage of the cholesterol associated with chylomicrons together with a probable decrease in the fraction associated with lipomicrons might be factors in Triton-induced inhibition of development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Enhancing library instruction with peer planning

Purpose – One of the primary goals of the project was to create a supportive environment for experimentation to enhance classroom effectiveness.Design/methodology/approach – A group of librarians, the enhancement team, scheduled brainstorming sessions with instructors interested in making changes in their classroom approaches. At the brainstorming plans for session objectives, activities, timing, roles and desired outcomes were made for a specific upcoming class. Most participating instructors chose to enhance their classes by trying either an active learning activity or a group work activity that was new to them. A member of the enhancement team attended each of the peer‐planned sessions to take notes and act as an observer, assistant or team teacher, as requested by the instructor. The instructors who participated also filled out brief assessment forms.Findings – Although neither the non‐library faculty nor the students were formally surveyed, the active learning techniques used in the one‐shots receive...
An Optimal Study of the Preparation Conditions of Urea-Modified Titanium Ore Adsorbent

The four main effect production factors, doping rate, calcination temperature, soaking time and heating rate, are chose to design experiments based on the orthogonal table L9(34) to prepare urea-modified titanium ore (UTO) sorbents. And the decoloration efficiency of methyl orange is examined by using UTO as sorbents under dark-state absorption. Based on the orthogonal experiments, we obtained the optimal operating parameters: urea 8.0wt%, soaking time 3h, calcination temperature 300°C and heating rate 10°C/min. As the preparation condition was run at the optimal conditions, the decoloration efficiency of methyl orange reached 98.1%, which was significantly better than the undoped samples. Thus, it is feasible to treat dye wastewater by these UTO sorbents.
The Large Farm as a Stereotype: A Look at the Pacific Southwest

The results of a multivariate analysis of production factor inputs challenge several commonly held views of the large farm in the Pacific Southwest. No “superfarm” predominates, with several large-...
Nuclei-specific differences in nerve terminal distribution, morphology, and development in mouse visual thalamus

Mouse visual thalamus has emerged as a powerful model for understanding the mechanisms underlying neural circuit formation and function. Three distinct nuclei within mouse thalamus receive retinal input, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), and the intergeniculate nucleus (IGL). However, in each of these nuclei, retinal inputs are vastly outnumbered by nonretinal inputs that arise from cortical and subcortical sources. Although retinal and nonretinal terminals associated within dLGN circuitry have been well characterized, we know little about nerve terminal organization, distribution and development in other nuclei of mouse visual thalamus. Immunolabeling specific subsets of synapses with antibodies against vesicle-associated neurotransmitter transporters or neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes revealed significant differences in the composition, distribution and morphology of nonretinal terminals in dLGN, vLGN and IGL. For example, inhibitory terminals are more densely packed in vLGN, and cortical terminals are more densely distributed in dLGN. Overall, synaptic terminal density appears least dense in IGL. Similar nuclei-specific differences were observed for retinal terminals using immunolabeling, genetic labeling, axonal tracing and serial block face scanning electron microscopy: retinal terminals are smaller, less morphologically complex, and more densely distributed in vLGN than in dLGN. Since glutamatergic terminal size often correlates with synaptic function, we used in vitro whole cell recordings and optic tract stimulation in acutely prepared thalamic slices to reveal that excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) are considerably smaller in vLGN and show distinct responses following paired stimuli. Finally, anterograde labeling of retinal terminals throughout early postnatal development revealed that anatomical differences in retinal nerve terminal structure are not observable as synapses initially formed, but rather developed as retinogeniculate circuits mature. Taken together, these results reveal nuclei-specific differences in nerve terminal composition, distribution, and morphology in mouse visual thalamus. These results raise intriguing questions about the different functions of these nuclei in processing light-derived information, as well as differences in the mechanisms that underlie their unique, nuclei-specific development.
Caffeine and theophylline: Serum/CSF correlation in premature infants

kanamycin (MIC _< 5 /~g/ml), we recommend that patients over two months of age receive the drug in a dosage of 30 mg/kg/24 hours (im or iv) in three divided doses. If therapy is deemed necessary beyond 14 days, the physician must weigh the risk of possible ototoxicity against the likelihood of achieving suboptimal peak serum concentrations when deciding whether to reduce the dosage to 15 mg/kg /24 hours. For any patient receiving one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, prudent management includes serial assessment of renal function and hearing sensitivity.
STUDIES OF THE PLASMIN SYSTEM : II. INHIBITION OF PLASMIN BY SERUM OR PLASMA

The inactivation of purified plasmin by serum or plasma was studied using a caseinolytic assay for determination of plasmin. On the basis of kinetic evidence, the presence of two inhibitors in normal human or guinea pig serum or plasma is suggested. The first reacts immediately at any temperature, but is easily dissociable and does not combine with plasmin in a fixed ratio. The second combines more slowly with plasmin at a rate which depends on temperature and on the concentration of both plasmin and inhibitor. There is a fixed ratio of reaction between plasmin and the second inhibitor and the combination does not readily dissociate. There is sufficient of the "slow" inhibitor in normal plasma to inactivate more than 30 times its own content of potential plasmin. The presence of suitable substrate for plasmin tends to reverse the combination with "immediate" inhibitor and to stop the further action of "slow" inhibitor.
Polyurethane dendrimers via Curtius reaction

Abstract Reaction of 5-(t-butyldiphenylsiloxy)propyloxyisophthalic acid with dodecanol and diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) affords the diurethane via Curtius reaction. Removal of the silyl group affords an alcohol which undergoes similar reaction with the isophthalic acid. Iteration of the process affords dendritic wedges through generation four, which can be attached to 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid in the same fashion. Materials are characterized by NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
Turbulent heat transfer coefficients in an isothermal-walled tube for either a built-in or free inlet

Abstract Local heat transfer coefficients were determined for turbulent flow in an isothermal-walled circular tube whose inlet was either built into a large wall or was supported so as to be in free space. In either case, the sharp-edged nature of the inlet induced flow separation and subsequent reattachment just downstream of the inlet, and these processes were found to have a dominant influence on the thermal entrance region. At the point of reattachment of the flow, the heat transfer coefficients for the case of the built-in inlet ranged from 4.15 to 2.4 times the corresponding fully developed values over the Reynolds number range from 5000 to 88 000. The length of the thermal entrance region was also increased by the presence of the inlet-induced separation. With the tube inlet built into a large wall or baffle plate, the heat transfer coefficients in the immediate neighborhood of the inlet were found to be lower than those for a tube with a free inlet, the differences being in the range of 10%.
Quantum motion of two trapped ions in one dimension

We develop models for the motion of two trapped ions in one dimension, including both harmonic trapping forces and the Coulomb interaction between the ions. Mathematical and physical consistency dictates that the divergence of the Coulomb interaction at small distances be tempered with a soft core. A split-operator method is used to analyze numerically the energies and eigenstates of the motion of the two ions. Classification and closed-form expressions are also presented for the energies and the eigenstates in the limits when the equilibrium distance due to the Coulomb repulsion is either much smaller or much larger than the amplitude of the zero-point motion of the ions. Implications of the results for the properties of two identical ions with Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac statistics are discussed.
Freestanding, micromachined, multimode silicon optical waveguides at λ = 1.3 μm for microelectromechanical systems technology

Freestanding, multimode optical channel waveguides formed by micromachining silicon are demonstrated. Fabrication utilizes standard microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Losses in the 0.57–0.80-dB/cm range are measured for channel waveguides with an air–silicon–air structure, whereas losses in the 1.12–1.52-dB/cm range are measured for channel waveguides with a SiO2–silicon–SiO2 structure. Freestanding channel waveguides, along with optical fibers and other MEMS structures, can readily be mounted on a silicon MEMS platform to provide optimal alignment for maximizing optical coupling, and they are thus expected to be useful in devices that involve light and MEMS structures.
Vortex Solitons of Drift Waves and Anomalous Diffusion

It is shown that two-dimensional solitons, being vortices propagating at characteristic speeds, can be formed in a long-wavelength drift-wave turbulence. A random set of vortex solitons scatters plasma particles and leads to enhanced diffusion, whose coefficient can become as large as that due to conventive cells.
Vesicovaginal fistula due to an unreported foreign body in an adolescent.

Abstract Background In the United States, vesico-vaginal fistula formation is most commonly associated with prior gynecologic surgery, and only rarely with severe pressure necrosis. Case A 16-year-old girl presented with continuous urinary leakage and malodorous discharge. Examination revealed an incarcerated plastic cup in the vagina with a 5cm vesico-vaginal fistula at the bladder neck. After trans-vaginal repair, the patient underwent full recovery with an intact continence mechanism. Conclusion Evaluation of unusual urinary symptoms in an adolescent should include pelvic examination and/or imaging. An undisclosed vaginal foreign body is a rare, but well described entity, contributing to vesico-vaginal fistula formation.
Reconfigurable multicore architecture for power flow calculation

This paper investigates the advantages of using multicore architectures, comprising high-performance processors and reconfigurable cores, for sparse Lower-Upper (LU) triangular decomposition, used in power flow calculations and contingency analysis. The proposed architecture combines a general-purpose processor with a custom row-reduction accelerator, sending streams of data to the accelerator through the use of a direct memory access module. The simple accelerator provides a speedup of 1.29X over existing high-performance sparse LU software on power system applications. As architectures with tightly-coupled processor cores and reconfigurable cores start to appear on the market, techniques presented in this paper provide a simple way to improve performance in important computations, such as those needed for power system analysis.
Experimental characterization of the nonlinear post-deployment micro-mechanics of precision deployable space structures

This paper describes previously undocumented phenomena that determine the post deployment shape of precision deployable space structures on a micron scale. Experiments are presented that show how the steady state geometry of a deployed structure shifts in a dynamic disturbance environment. This so-called 'Micro-Lurch' is a change in the steady state position or shape that is on the order of a few microns. It is shown how successive Micro-Lurches accumulate to move the structure towards a shifted post deployment position. Once the neighborhood of that position is achieved, the structure stays there even when strong dynamic forces are applied. This locale is know as the 'Equilibrium Zone'. Repeated deployment and impulse data show that the Equilibrium Zone can be defined by the probability density of the structural shapes. In this paper, the Equilibrium Zone is shown to be a few microns wide and highly repeatable on a suitably designed deployable structure.
COMPARING TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES AND REPEATED TIMBER INVENTORIES AS FOREST MONITORING TOOLS

Historical information on forest growth is essential to evaluate and under- stand change in managed and unmanaged forests. Two ground-truth nondestructive sources of information on interannual to interdecadal changes are (a) repeated timber inventories and (b) tree-ring chronologies. I present here a case study of how those two types of data can complement and benefit each other. At the Gus Pearson Research Natural Area, a ponderosa pine stand near Flagstaff (Arizona, USA), timber inventories were repeated by the U.S. Forest Service from 1920 to 1990. The analysis of those data has revealed a decline of individual tree growth over the 20th century, attributed to increased stand density. Monthly precipitation and temperature at the study area showed no overall trend from 1910 to 1990. Tree-ring data collected at the area after 1990, and spanning the last few centuries, were compared to the inventory data to represent growth trends. Periodic basal area in- crement computed from forest inventories showed parallel trends but higher absolute values (especially for small pines) than periodic basal area increment computed from increment cores. Among selected ways of developing a tree-ring chronology, average ring area closely matched repeated forest inventories for 20th century trends and revealed that decadal-scale growth rates in the 1900s have been anomalous compared to the previous 300 years. The mensurational and dendrochronological approaches to forest monitoring showed advantages and disadvantages. Repeated forest inventories quantified growth of individual trees and of the entire stand, thus providing a complete picture, even in retrospect; but they had longer-than-annual resolution, and covered only the last decades. Dendrochronological data quantified annual xylem growth of individual trees over their whole life span, thus placing recent growth trends into a much longer historical perspective; but they had limited spatial coverage and could lead to different trends depending on the type of standardization option. Overall, the combination of both approaches is recommended for evaluating changes of forest growth at multiannual scales.
Attitudinal Determinants of E-Government Technology Use among U.S. Local Public Managers

Despite widespread adoption of e-government technology, little is known about how public managers utilize this technology and what affects their technology use. Since new technology is often accompanied with organizational changes, resistance to new technology is expected to occur. If so, what encourages public managers to use e-government technology? In an original effort to bridge the literature on technology acceptance and the literature on public service commitment, this paper proposes an integrated model of public managers' e-government technology use. Using data from a national survey of public managers in U.S. local governments in 2010, this paper has found that, in addition to public managers' perceptions of technology, their attitudes toward public service affect their website use.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exploits Human Interferon γ to Stimulate Macrophage Extracellular Trap Formation and Necrosis

Human neutrophils form extracellular traps during M. tuberculosis infection, but a similar phenomenon has not been reported in human macrophages. Here we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis induces release of extracellular traps from human macrophages. This process is regulated by elastase activity, previously shown to regulate formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils. Interestingly, formation of extracellular traps by macrophages during M. tuberculosis infection is inducible by interferon γ (IFN-γ). These traps are mainly produced by heavily infected macrophages. Accordingly, IFN-γ is found to stimulate M. tuberculosis aggregation in macrophages. Both IFN-γ–inducible events, extracellular trap formation and mycobacterial aggregation, require the ESX-1 secretion system. In addition, IFN-γ is found to enhance ESX-1–mediated macrophage necrosis. In the absence of ESX-1, IFN-γ does not restore any extracellular trap formation, mycobacterial aggregation, or macrophage necrosis. Thus, initial characterization of macrophage extracellular trap formation due to M. tuberculosis infection led to the uncovering of a novel role for IFN-γ in amplifying multiple effects of the mycobacterial ESX-1.
The energetics of immunity: a neuroendocrine link between energy balance and immune function.

Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, and Program in Neural Science, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USAReceived 4 September 2003; revised 6 November 2003; accepted 13 November 2003Keywords: Immune function; Energy balance; Neuroendocrine link; Leptin; Cytokines; Sympathetic
Tetradecane 1, 14-Dicarboxylic Acid Production from n -Hexadecane by Candida cloacae

The better condition of cultivation for tetradecane 1,14-dicarboxylic acid (DC-16) production from n-hexadecane (n-C16) by Candida cloacae MR-12 was investigated by using acetic acid as carbon source for the growth. In general, the condition suitable for the growth was also favorable for the production of DC-16. The change of pH during cultivation, the use of NaOH solution as pH controlling agent after pH-change and the addition of antifoam stimulated the production of DC-16.Under the optimum conditions where the culture medium contained 15% (v/v) n-C16, 1.4% (w/v) acetic acid, inorganic salts and growth factors, and pH was changed from 6.5 to 7.75 at 16 hr after the inoculation, the highest level of DC-16 production was attained after about 72 hr cultivation and the amount of the product accumulated was 61.5 g per liter of the medium.When a mixture of various n-alkanes was used as starting material, DCs corresponding to the respective n-alkanes were produced as mixture.
Modern and ancient pollen sedimentation around tree islands in the Okefenokee Swamp

Abstract Peat cores taken from Okefenokee Swamp tree‐islands ("houses") and analyzed by peat petrography and pollen stratigraphy permit us to reconstruct the plant successions which led to the “house”; formation. The peats are believed to be autochthonous and their petrology has been shown to provide an accurate record of plant successions in cores. Because of differences among pollen grain transportation and sedimentation, the reliability of pollen profiles from the islands was initially questioned. The profiles may not represent an accurate record of “house”; vegetational history. Analysis of pollen assemblages collected in the marsh area around an island indicates two distinct assemblages: one derived from shrubs found on the island (Ilex, Cyrilla, Ericaceae); another derived from the surrounding marsh, consisting of aquatic herbs and arboreal genera (Nymphaea, Pinus, Myrica). Palynological analysis of island peats show that shrub pollen is deposited primarily on the island with little contamination fr...
Improved network based algorithms for the assembly line balancing problem

In this paper, we present two network based algorithms for solving Type 1 assembly line balancing problems. These algorithms are based on the generation of the network of feasible subsets; the shortest path through this network corresponds to the minimum cost solution. While the methods presented here may require the generation of all feasible subsets, they use upper and lower bounds and dominance to eliminate many of these subsets. The first method (which we call the Frontscan algorithm) evaluates nodes in a manner similar to a procedure originally suggested by Mansoor (1967); the second procedure (which we call the Backscan algorithm) evaluates nodes by proceeding backwards through the network. Both procedures are quite versatile and are easily adapted to the line balancing problem with stochastic task times, duplicate parallel work stations, zoning restrictions, etc. Computational tests indicate that these algorithms are more efficient than previous network based methods (including dynamic programming ...
Programming with Managed Time

Most languages expose the computer's ability to globally read and write memory at any time. Programmers must then choreograph control flow so all reads and writes occur in correct relative orders, which can be difficult particularly when dealing with initialization, reactivity, and concurrency. Just as many languages now manage memory to unburden us from properly freeing memory, they should also manage time to automatically order memory accesses for us in the interests of comprehensibility, correctness, and simplicity. Time management is a general language feature with a large design space that is largely unexplored; we offer this perspective to relate prior work and guide future research.We introduce Glitch as a form of managed time that replays code for an appearance of simultaneous memory updates, avoiding the need for manual order. The key to such replay reaching consistent program states is an ability to reorder and rollback updates as needed, restricting the imperative model while retaining the basic concepts of memory access and control flow. This approach can also handle code to enable live programming that incrementally revises program executions in an IDE under arbitrary code changes.
Quality of support and priority management in homePNA 2.0 link layer

Home phoneline networking alliance (HPNA) 2.0 is a new standard for high-speed last-meter networks, which utilizes home phone lines. HPNA 2.0 offers a data rate of between 4 to 32 Mbit/s providing a nominal effective rate of 10 Mbit/s while at the same time it maintains backward compatibility with existing 1 Ms/S homePNA technology. HPNA 2.0 introduces new collision detection and a strict priority collision resolution scheme, along with new QoS support. This paper provides an analysis of multiple access technology and the quality of service (QoS) support in homePNA 2.0. The stability and performance analysis of HPNA 2.0 is given along with simulations. Simulation results were inline with theoretical analyses.
β function and equation of state for QCD with two flavors of quarks

We measure the pressure and energy density of two flavor QCD in a wide range of quark masses and temperatures. The pressure is obtained from an integral over the average plaquette or 〈\ensuremath{\psi}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\psi}〉. We measure the QCD \ensuremath{\beta} function, including the anomalous dimension of the quark mass, in new Monte Carlo simulations and from results in the literature. We use it to find the interaction measure, \ensuremath{\varepsilon}-3p, yielding nonperturbative values for both the energy density \ensuremath{\varepsilon} and the pressure p.
“HIS-Treck -- the next generation”: an introduction to future hospital information systems

The shift by health care organizations to integrated care with an outpatient emphasis requires the development of a new generation of multifaceted electronic medical record systems to coordinate these services. This paper introduces the context of present day health care computing to set the stage for Dr. Essin's paper on our proposed paradigm shift from record processing to document processing, using mark up language technologies. We believe that such document oriented systems can be designed to be both distributed and secure with respect to patient and institutional confidentiality.
EFFICIENT INCORPORATION OF ANTI-HIV DEOXYNUCLEOTIDES BY RECOMBINANT YEAST MITOCHONDRIAL DNA POLYMERASE

Saccharomyces cerevisiae mtDNA polymerase, isolated as a single 135-kDa recombinant polypeptide, showed high processivity and a capacity to use poly(dA)•oligo(dT), poly(rA)•oligo(dT), or primed bacteriophage M13 DNA as a template. In a primer extension assay, the enzyme exhibited an intrinsic 3′-5′-exonuclease activity. By optimizing the polymerization reaction conditions, apparent Km and Vmax values could be determined for the incorporation of dTTP, 2′-3′-dideoxy-TTP (ddTTP), 3′-azido-TTP (AZTTP), 3′-fluoro-TTP, dCTP, 2′-3′-dideoxy-CTP, and didehydro(d4)CTP. The yeast mtDNA polymerase used ddTTP, 3′-fluoro-TTP, and ddCTP almost as efficiently as natural deoxynucleoside triphosphates. Both 3′-AZTTP and d4CTP were each significantly less efficient as substrates. Overall, the kinetic data with mtDNA polymerase were very similar to those of the recombinant human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase control. Terminally incorporated AZTTP or ddTTP was not removed by the 3′-5′ exonuclease activity of mtDNA polymerase. This may explain the inhibition of mtDNA replication observed in anti-human immunodeficiency virus treatment with dideoxynucleoside analogs and suggests that screening of antiviral nucleosides for their effects on mtDNA polymerase could be of value in future rational drug design.
Time evolution of the variance of the field amplitude in cavity QED

Summary form only given. Reconstruction of quantum states of the electromagnetic field has become an important technique in quantum optics. Tomographic algorithms to reconstruct the Wigner function and direct density matrix measurement schemes both provide a full representation of a quantum state. We are interested in the time evolution of a cavity quantum electrodynamic (QED) system that, after a detected quantum fluctuation, regresses back to its steady state in a dynamical way. We would like to follow the evolution of the state in Hilbert space as it returns back to equilibrium. Few systems in quantum optics have time scales where present day digitizing electronics can capture the signals necessary to reconstruct the state evolution. Our cavity QED system does.
Arabidopsis thaliana GLN2-Encoded Glutamine Synthetase Is Dual Targeted to Leaf Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

In higher plants, photorespiratory Gly oxidation in leaf mitochondria yields ammonium in large amounts. Mitochondrial ammonium must somehow be recovered as glutamate in chloroplasts. As the first step in that recovery, we report glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in highly purified Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria isolated from light-adapted leaf tissue. Leaf mitochondrial GS activity is further induced in response to either physiological CO 2 limitation or transient darkness. Historically, whether mitochondria are fully competent for oxidative phosphorylation in actively photorespiring leaves has remained uncertain. Here, we report that light-adapted, intact, leaf mitochondria supplied with Gly as sole energy source are fully competent for oxidative phosphorylation. Purified intact mitochondria efficiently use Gly oxidation (as sole energy, NH 3 , and CO 2 source) to drive conversion of l-Orn to l-citrulline, an ATP-dependent process. An A. thaliana genome-wide search for nuclear gene(s) encoding mitochondrial GS activity yielded a single candidate, GLN2 . Stably transgenic A. thaliana ecotype Columbia plants expressing a p35S:: GLN2 ::green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) chimeric reporter were constructed. When observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy, leaf mesophyll and epidermal tissue of transgenic plants showed punctate GFP fluorescence that colocalized with mitochondria. In immunoblot experiments, a 41-kD chimeric GLN2::GFP protein was present in both leaf mitochondria and chloroplasts of these stably transgenic plants. Therefore, the GLN2 gene product, heretofore labeled plastidic GS-2, functions in both leaf mitochondria and chloroplasts to faciliate ammonium recovery during photorespiration.
Tension-compression-tension tertiary twins in coarse-grained polycrystalline pure magnesium at room temperature

Using electron backscatter diffraction, the microstructural features of tension–compression–tension (T–C–T) tertiary twins are studied in coarse-grained pure polycrystalline magnesium subjected to monotonic compression along the extrusion direction in ambient air. T–C–T tertiary twins are developed due to the formation of a compression–tension double twin inside a primary tension twin. All the observed T–C–T twin variants are of TiCjTj type. TiCi+1Ti+1 (or TiCi−1Ti−1) variants are observed more frequently than TiCi+2Ti+2 (or TiCi−2Ti−2) variants. The number of tertiary twin lamellae increases with the applied compressive strain.
Conditions for designing strictly positive real transfer functions for adaptive output error identification

Strictly positive real (SPR) transfer functions are of importance in Adaptive systems theory. This paper addresses two issues related to finding a polynomial b(s) such that b(s)/a(s) is SPR for all a(s) belonging to a set of n th-degree Hurwitz polynomials {\P}^n defined by the magnitude bounds on the coefficients of a(s) . It is shown that irrespective of n there exist four polynomials in {\P}^n such that if the ratios of b(s) with each of these is SPR then b(s)/a(s) is SPR for all members of {\P}^n . A sufficient condition for the existence of this b(s) along with a method for its construction is outlined. The condition resembles the Routh array test for determining system stability.
Evolving Views of Civil Litigation: Future Civil Procedure Courses

There is reason to think that Professors McManamon, Resnik and Eskridge might each welcome an independent civil procedure course chiefly focused on civil claim settlements. Professor McManamon wonders whether alternative dispute resolution processes are as "easy to grasp" as some have opined. She counsels that we should not fear creativity and "that we should not be afraid to question our Lengdellian universe." In conclusion, Professor McManamon urges civil procedure teachers to "communicate... to our students" the dramatic changes in civil litigation over the years in ways tha make "the most sense." While expressing and urging us to maintain continuing faith in traditional trial court adjudication for many types of civil claims, Professor Resnik clearly understands that "[i]n the bulk of civil litigation, the parties' decisions to settle are not subjected to review." She posits that because of the "public, visible nature" of all trial court cases and their "public dimension," wherein the parties and others typically settle their differences within "our publicly-financed system of dispute resolution," more inquiry is needed into "the sources and scope of judicial authority" over settlement. Her own inquiry leads her to encourage the development of written rules guiding civil claim settlements, especially guidelines which would reduce the "echoes of the ambiguity about the judicial role in settlement" that presently exists, so that constraints may be put in place to better ensure that settlements are not "achieved under conditions of imbalance, lawyer ineptitude, indeterminacy, and judicial coercion." Professor Eskridge seemingly would also welcome an independent procedure course, and not one limited simply to civil procedure. Such a course certainly could never give any set of civil procedure laws "deferential, if not canonical, treatment," for, as Professor Resnik has lamented, civil procedure rules and statutes are largely silent about settlement. In such a course, "themes and structure of procedure" more likely will influence course direction rather than phrases or lines, as there is no singular arrangement implicated for a settlement, even with regard to a "typical" civil claim. There are significant opportunities in such a course for the exploration of "metaprocedure," as well as the "seamless web" and for a "practical focus on a vivid litigation experience." Professor McManamon has encouraged us to "debate," and to suggest procedure courses that make "the most sense." We should begin. Is it now time for a civil claim settlement course, intradisciplinary in nature, with emphases on: comparative federal and state laws; the anticipation and resolution of typical (private rights) civil claims; and simulated exercises significantly incorporating perplexing settlement law issues that most lawyers (in and outside of litigation) face today?
Detailed Wage Decompositions: Revisiting the Identification Problem

Yun (2005) suggested an averaging method to resolve the identification problem in detailed decompositions. Since then, detailed decomposition techniques have been widely discussed. This paper shows...
Molecular Characterization of Enteric Picornaviruses in Archived Turkey and Chicken Samples from the United States

SUMMARY Recent metagenomic analyses of the enteric viromes in turkeys and chickens have revealed complex viral communities comprised of multiple viral families. Of particular significance are the novel avian picobirnaviruses (family Picobirnaviridae), multiple genera of tailed phages (family Siphoviridae), and undescribed avian enteric picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae). In addition to these largely undescribed—and therefore relatively poorly understood—poultry enteric viral families, these metagenomic analyses have also revealed the presence of well-known groups of enteric viruses such as the chicken and turkey astroviruses (family Astroviridae) and the avian rotaviruses and reoviruses (family Reoviridae). The order Picornavirales is a group of viruses in flux, particularly among the avian picornaviruses, since several new genera have been described recently based upon community analysis of enteric viromes from poultry and other avian species worldwide. Our previous investigation of the turkey enteri...
Is There a Role for Arnica and Bromelain in Prevention of Post-Procedure Ecchymosis or Edema? A Systematic Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUNDThe management of postprocedure skin care is of significant interest to dermatologists and other physicians. Ecchymosis and edema are common temporary postprocedure unwanted effects. Two botanically-derived products, arnica and bromelain, are used internationally by physicians to limit ecc
EFFECT OF STORAGE TIME AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON ANTIBODY DETECTION IN BLOOD SAMPLES COLLECTED ON FILTER PAPER

Abstract Using filter paper to collect blood from wildlife for antibody analysis can be a powerful technique to simplify the collection, transport, and storage of blood samples. Despite these advantages, there are limited data that detail how long these samples can be stored and how storage conditions affect antibody longevity. We used blood samples collected on filter paper from coyotes experimentally infected with Yersinia pestis to determine optimum sample storage conditions over time. Blood samples collected on filter paper were stored for 454 d or more in four groups: 1) at ambient temperature and at ambient relative humidity, 2) at ambient temperature with desiccant, 3) at 4 C with desiccant, and 4) at −20 C with desiccant. Samples stored at 4 C or −20 C with desiccant had detectable antibody for a longer period of time than the samples stored at room temperature.
A Journey Worth Taking: Exploring a Hybrid Embedded Library Instruction Model Through Three Distinct Cases

To facilitate systematic learning and to complement the limitations of conventional one-shot library instruction sessions, a hybrid embedded instruction model was designed and implemented for undergraduate students and residents in three disciplines at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Variations of hybrid instruction are explored, including models that combine face-to-face interactions, online content delivery, flipped instruction techniques, and individual consultations. The hybrid model highlights benefits of collaborative teaching between course faculty members and librarians and enhances the relevance of library instruction for users.
“Fighting Against Windmills”? Identifying the Ingredients of Policy Success

The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) published a list of 312 national mechanisms for gender equality in 2011. This total has increased since 2005 when the figure was 211 national mechanisms, and since 2010 when the total was 291 mechanisms. While these figures provide no information regarding the relative power of each of these national mechanisms, it is clear that the total number of national machineries for gender equality have increased substantially since the early 1990s.
A Dual Wavelength Fiber-Guided Dynamic Light Scattering Instrument in a Compact Carry-On

The design, construction, assembly, and testing of a compact and portable fiber optic-based dynamic light scattering instrument are reported. The noninvasive instrument integrates latest solid state and fiber optic technologies to study the ocular fluids and tissues from the cornea to the retina in the eyes of live animals in field applications.
Retrospective NIH Stroke Scale: Not Applicable Without Initial Evaluation by a Neurologist

P5 Background and Purpose: The NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Canadian Neurological Scale (CNS) have been reported to be useful for the retrospective assessment of initial stroke severity. However, the NIHSS requires detailed neurological assessments that may not be reflected in all patient records, potentially limiting its applicability. We assessed the reliability of the retrospective algorithms and the proportions of missing items for the NIHSS and CNS in stroke patients admitted to an academic medical center and 2 community hospitals. Methods: Randomly selected records of patients with ischemic stroke admitted to an academic medical center (AMC, n=20), and community hospitals with (CH1, n=19) and without (CH2, n=20) acute neurological consultative services were reviewed. NIHSS and CNS scores were assigned independently by two neurologists using published algorithms. Inter-rater reliability of the scores was determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and numbers of missing items were tabulated. Results: The ICCs for NIHSS and CNS respectively were 0.93 (95% CI 0.82–1.0) and 0.97 (0.90–1.0) for the AMC, 0.89 (0.75–1.0) and 0.88 (0.73–1.0) for CH1, and 0.48 (0.26–0.70) and 0.78 (0.6–0.96) for CH2. More NIHSS items were missing at CH2 (62%) vs. the AMC (27%) and CH1 (23%, p=0.0001). In comparison, 33%, 0%, and 8%, of CNS items were missing from records from CH2, AMC, and CH1, respectively (p=0.0001). The ICCs for NIHSS missing items were 0.53 (95% CI 0.31–0.75), 0.7 (0.5–0.9), 0.64 (0.42–0.85), for the 3 hospitals, respectively. Conclusions: There are substantial levels of agreement for retrospectively-assigned NIHSS and CNS scores for patients initially evaluated by a neurologist at both an AMC and a CH. However, the proportions of missing items are higher for the NIHSS in each setting, effectively reducing it to the items captured on the CNS, and particularly limiting the NIHSS application in hospitals without acute neurological consultative services.
REPLICATION OF SMALL CHROMOSOMAL DNAS IN YEAST

ABSTRACT In order to study the position of replication origins and the temporal order of their replication in eucaryotic chromosomes, replicating DNA was prepared from yeast under conditions expected to yield unbroken chromosomal DNA molecules. EM analysis of these mole-cules provides a new estimate (400) of the number of origins in the yeast genome. Replication origins were mapped in molecules of discrete sizes. Results suggest that origins are located at specific sites on molecules, but that the temporal sequence of origin activation may not be constant.
Broadband, high-resolution investigation of advanced absorption line shapes at high temperature

Spectroscopic studies of planetary atmospheres and high-temperature processes (e.g., combustion) require absorption line-shape models that are accurate over extended temperature ranges. To date, advanced line shapes, like the speed-dependent Voigt and Rautian profiles, have not been tested above room temperature with broadband spectrometers. We investigate pure water vapor spectra from 296 to 1305 K acquired with a dual-frequency comb spectrometer spanning from 6800 to $7200\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at a point spacing of $0.0033\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and absolute frequency accuracy of $l3.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Using a multispectral fitting analysis, we show that only the speed-dependent Voigt accurately models this temperature range with a single power-law temperature-scaling exponent for the broadening coefficients. Only the data from the analysis using this profile fall within theoretical predictions, suggesting that this mechanism captures the dominant narrowing physics for these high-temperature conditions.
Probing Distance Dependent Charge-Transfer Character in Excimers of Extended Viologen Cyclophanes Using Femtosecond Vibrational Spectroscopy.

Facile exciton transport within ordered assemblies of π-stacked chromophores is essential for developing molecular photonic and electronic materials. Excimer states having variable charge transfer (CT) character are frequently implicated as promoting or inhibiting exciton mobility in such systems. However, determining the degree of CT character in excimers as a function of their structure has proven challenging. Herein, we report on a series of cyclophanes in which the interplanar distance between two phenyl-extended viologen (ExV2+) chromophores is varied systematically using a pair of o-, m-, or p-xylylene (o-, m-, or p-Xy) covalent linkers to produce o-ExBox4+ (3.5 A), m-ExBox4+ (5.6 A), and p-ExBox4+ (7.0 A), respectively. The cyclophane structures are characterized using NMR spectroscopy in solution and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state. Femtosecond transient mid-IR and stimulated Raman spectroscopies show that the CT contribution to the excimer states formed in o-ExBox4+ and m-ExBox4+ depends on the distance between the chromophores within the cyclophanes, while in the weak interaction limit, as represented by p-ExBox4+ (7.0 A), the lowest excited singlet state of ExV2+ exclusively photo-oxidizes the p-Xy spacer to give the p-Xy+•-ExV+• ion pair. Moreover, the vibrational spectra of the excimer state show that it assumes a geometry that is intermediate between that of the locally excited and CT states, approximately reflecting the degree of CT character.
Siri, Alexa, and other digital assistants: a study of customer satisfaction with artificial intelligence applications

Digital assistants (e.g., Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa, Google’s Google Assistant) are highly complex and advanced artificial intelligence (AI) based technologies. Individuals can use digital assis...
A Hands-on Assignment about Public Lands and Demographic Issues in the West

(2006). A Hands-on Assignment about Public Lands and Demographic Issues in the West. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 172-176.
Use of a Spine Robot to Simulate Pure Moment Testing for Spine Biomechanics

The pure moment protocol is the accepted standard for performing in-vitro biomechanical testing of spinal devices. The purpose of this study was to simulate a pure moment protocol using a programmable Spine Robot. Seven human lumbar single-level motion segment units (MSUs) at the L4-L5 level were dissected and potted. The average age of the spines was 59.7 ± 11.7 years. The Spine Robot was programmed to rotate the specimen in flexion and extension or left and right lateral bending in 0.25 degree increments, minimizing shear and axial loading after each rotation, thereby finding a quasistatic rotational path of minimal loading. The specimens were rotated to 8Nm of sagittal moment during flexion and extension and 6Nm of lateral moment during lateral bending. During lateral testing, the specimens were unconstrained axially. Throughout testing, the specimens underwent an average shear force of 0.29 ± 0.95N in the anterior direction and an average axial compressive force of 0.21 ± 1.18N. During flexion and extension tests the specimens rotated an average of 8.05 ± 2.96 degrees and 5.46 ± 1.90 degrees respectively. During left and right lateral bending tests the specimens rotated an average of 5.18 ± 2.01 degrees and 5.43 ± 1.94 degrees respectively. These values are in agreement with other published studies of lumbar spinal biomechanics. Future work for the protocol will be to allow for a user-inputted axial load to simulate the concepts of the follower load protocol used by other labs. While test methodologies differ between labs, there is currently no way to directly compare data between them. Our desire is to use the programmable Spine Robot to simulate commonly used testing methodologies to uncover how different test methods may or may not show differences in results and to develop advanced testing protocols that better simulate physiological conditions.
Curvature of Curves

While everyone would agree that a road winding around a mountain is curvy, not quite so apparent is how to express this property quantitatively. Certainly, the curvature of a straight line should be considered zero. Perhaps then, we can regard a curve as a deviation from a straight line? Let us explore how this idea can be given quantitative meaning.
Recent advances in the molecular diagnosis of mucormycosis.

Introduction: Fungal infection burden related to Mucorales has been on the rise with significant associated morbidity and mortality. The major obstacle in the management has been lack of a non-inva...