cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field quality evaluation of the superconducting magnets of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

In this paper, we first present the procedure established to evaluate the field quality, quench performance, and alignment of the superconducting magnets manufactured for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), and then discuss the strategies used to improve the field quality and to minimize undesirable effects by sorting the magnets. The field quality of the various RHIC magnets is briefly summarized.
On the Optimality of One-Unit Cycle Scheduling of Multi-Cluster Tools with Single-Blade Robots

In semiconductor manufacturing, finding an efficient way for scheduling a multi-cluster tool is crucial for productivity improvement and cost reduction. In this paper, we analyze optimal scheduling of multi-cluster tools under a general configuration with non-zero constant transfer robot traveling time. A resource-based method is developed to analyze optimal scheduling of single-cluster tools. Optimality conditions for obtaining minimum one-unit cycle time for multi-cluster tools are established. Under these conditions, it is shown that the optimal one-unit cycle can be achieved by first optimally scheduling each single-cluster tool separately and then combining the schedules to form the optimal schedule for the multi-cluster tool. A polynomial-time algorithm is presented to find the optimal one-unit cycle time and its corresponding schedules for a multi-cluster tool.
Testing the link between phenotypic evolution and speciation: an integrated palaeontological and phylogenetic analysis

Summary 1. The punctuated equilibrium model predicts that phenotypic change is concentrated into pulses associated with speciation, with little change otherwise accruing in established lineages. Palaeontological tests of this model have generally lacked an adequate phylogenetic and modelling framework, whereas tests relying on extant populations lack direct constraints on the evolutionary dynamics within lineages. 2. This study extends a modelling approach developed in comparative studies and applies it to a clade with a rich fossil record, the deep-sea ostracode genusPoseidonamicus. Using a phylogenetic framework and an independent set of shape traits plus body size, a model was fit that allows estimation of anagenetic (within-lineage) evolution, cladogenetic (speciational) change and geographic variation within species. 3. Maximum-likelihood parameter estimates suggested dominantly speciational change for only one or two shape traits, depending on model assumptions. For the remaining shape traits and body size, the contribution of anagenesis was always substantial. Confidence limits on these solutions were quite broad (although narrower when multiple traits were analysed jointly), with most traits consistent with both strongly anagenetic and strongly cladogenetic change. 4. Whereas uncertainty about phylogenetic topology and species limits has little influence on the conclusions, assuming stasis instead of Brownian motion within lineages shifted support to solutions in which speciational change was more dominant, although several traits remained dominantly explained by anagenetic evolution. 5. These results suggest that for the traits and taxa examined, anagenesis contributes substantially to long-term divergence. The uncertainty in the results highlights the analytical difficulty of decomposing anagenetic and cladogenetic sources of phenotypic evolution, even with fossil constraints. When model uncertainty is taken into account, the task of doing so using observations from entirely extant populations is even more daunting.
EFFECTS OF PREVIEWS ON MORE SKILLED AND LESS SKILLED READERS' COMPREHENSION OF EXPOSITORY TEXT

Comprehension of expository material by 76 more skilled and less skilled fifthgrade readers was assessed when written previews were used before reading social studies text. The previews were designed to take into account those features of previews that previously had been successful in increasing comprehension of narrative material, but also included features specifically related to exposition. The results indicated that (a) both more skilled and less skilled readers' test scores were significantly increased when previews were used, (b) less skilled readers scored higher on explicit than on implicit questions, and (c) previews did not have a differential effect on question type, or on comprehension type. Recently, several studies have reported use of previews as a technique for improving understanding of narrative material. A preview is a written instructional guide employed in a prereading lesson; it serves as an overview to what students will read independently in the forthcoming lesson. Graves, Cooke, and Laberge (1983) found that literal comprehension of stories by less skilled middle school readers increased 13% and inferential comprehension 38% when previews were used. Similar results were attained with high and low ability elementary school children (Graves & Palmer, 1981) and high school students (Graves & Cooke, 1980) when they participated in the preview process before reading narratives. Previews employed in studies using narrative selections generally consist of: (a) introductory questions and statements, (b) a synopsis, including the setting, point of view, and plot of the story up to the climax, (c) names of characters and identifying data, and (d) definitions of vocabulary (Graves, et al., 1983). This information is given to students in written form. The prereading activity consists of the teacher reading the preview aloud to the students as they read it silently. This is accom
Access to the General Curriculum of Middle School Students with Mental Retardation: An Observational Study

The IDEA requires participation and progress in the general curriculum by all students. However, there is limited knowledge about the degree to which students with mental retardation have such access. This study examined the degree to which middle school students with mental retardation have access to the general curriculum and the impact of the classroom setting and the student's level of ability on such access. Findings indicated that students with mental retardation were most likely to participate with the general curriculum in the general education classroom and were less likely to engage in activities linked to a standard if they had more severe disabilities. Many students were engaged in activities in the general curriculum, but there was room for improvement in providing curricular modifications to promote access.
Joint Moments Exhibited by Chronic Stroke Subjects While Walking with a Prescribed Physiological Gait Pattern

The Lokomat robotic orthosis is used for locomotion therapy because it is capable of moving a subject's legs through a normal, symmetric gait pattern during intensive, time-unlimited training sessions. With a motion tracking system to track limb segments, 6 degrees of freedom loadcells at the leg cuffs to measure robot-subject interaction forces, and an instrumented split-belt treadmill, the kinematics and kinetics of stroke subjects were calculated as they walked in the Lokomat robotic orthosis. While the kinematic patterns of the stroke subjects appear to be similar to the age matched controls, the joint torques produced by the stroke subjects differ between the affected and unaffected limb as well as from the control subjects. Interestingly, stroke subjects tend to exhibit the classic lower limb synergy of hip flexion, hip abduction, and knee extension despite their leg moving through a normal pattern. Our findings suggest that stroke subjects will demonstrate abnormal torque coupling in their legs during gait despite the fact that the kinematic movement is symmetrical and physiological. Future studies will investigate whether prolonged training in the Lokomat can help resolve these abnormal synergy patterns.
A Radiation Oncologist's Story: High Tech Meets High Touch

I grew up hearing stories about my grandmother, a missionary and an American-trained surgeon, who brought her doctoring skills to Korea at the turn of the twentieth century. She spent her first few months there learning the language and customs of this ancient kingdom where she’d spend the rest of her life. Working in a preantibiotic era, supportive care was an important part of her practice. Keeping her patients comfortable was sometimes the best she could offer (see Fig. 1). The personal side of medicine, often known as high touch, was as important as her surgical technique. Thus began my appreciation of the interplay between high tech and high touch. Not surprisingly, as an undergraduate I majored in anthropology and East Asian studies. When later accepted to medical school, I saw myself as a family practitioner. A chance conversation with a radiation oncologist on a shared car ride and a subsequent elective in the field changed my career course. Radiation oncology seemed the perfect way to merge some of my major life influences. I would be able to enlist my math and physics skills, courtesy of my math teacher father, into the service of hands-on doctoring like my grandmother, or so I thought. Radiation oncology has long been on the leading edge of technological advances in treatment planning and delivery systems. During my residency, computerized tomography (CT) imaging became more readily available. Today, CT-based volumetric planning with the fusion of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)andpositron-emitting tomography(PET)scans, automated beam-shaping devices, and daily field imaging are common in practice. In plain language, with their current tools, radiation oncologists can customize treatment to accurately target the tumor and better spare surrounding normal tissue. During my residency, rigorous attention was given to mastery of the technical aspects of radiation oncology, but supportive care, though deemed important, was never given the same intense focus. You learned how to address treatmentrelated side effects on a case-by-case basis. Instruction and feedback on communication skills were not formalized and rarely mentioned, except when a major faux pas occurred
Comparison: QUO Vadis?

The history of comparative education in the United States is often told in terms of revolutionary paradigm changes that revamped disciplinary focus, methods, and geographical reach (e.g., Altbach, 1991). Until the 1960s, comparative education in the United States was fi rmly based in the discipline of history, enamoured with single-country studies, and fi xated on educational systems in Europe. By the end of the decade, the fi eld was transformed into comparative and international education, with a composition of researchers and practitioners who were multi-disciplinary, crossnational and international in perspective. The name of its professional association was changed accordingly, from Comparative Education Society (CES) to Comparative and International Education Society (CIES). According to standard accounts, disciplinary “orthodoxy” in history gave way to a “heterodoxy” (Paulston, 1993), inclusive of different social science disciplines. Once history was abandoned as the only legitimate disciplinary foundation for the comparative study of educational systems, methodological changes followed suit. For some, the units of comparison became smaller moving from national educational systems to culturally bounded educative sites or communities. For others, they became broader, as the narrow focus on cross-national comparison in North America and Europe was suspended and academic curiosity and professional interests were redirected towards the Third World. In this chapter, I explore the proliferation of single-case studies that occurred at the expense of multiple case studies and other types of studies that involve comparison. I discuss the development turn that occurred in the 1960s and refl ect on the repercussions it has had on methodological issues.
Abstract LB-267: A role for the Sin3 histone deacetylase complex in cell migration

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove acetyl groups from histones and other proteins, leading to alterations in protein activity and gene expression. Drugs that target these enzymes (HDAC inhibitors or HDACis) are currently approved for the treatment of specific cancers and are under study in numerous additional clinical trials. These drugs work by causing cell cycle arrest, differentiation or apoptosis. However, less is known about their potential effects on cancer cell migration and invasion, processes implicated in metastasis. There are eleven human zinc dependent histone deacetylases and many HDACis target several of these structurally related proteins in cells. Our studies are focused on HDACs1 and 2 which reside in large protein complexes, one of which is the Sin3 complex. This complex is important for promoter-mediated histone deacetylation, transcriptional repression and cell cycle control. We previously found that specific HDACis disrupt the function of the Sin3 complex in distinct ways. Here we describe the function of a novel subunit of the Sin3 complex, a previously uncharacterized protein, named “Family with sequence similarity 60, member A” (FAM60A). We find that FAM60A represses expression of genes linked to cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, we show that loss of FAM60A, or a core subunit of the Sin3 complex can increase the migration of lung cancer cells. This suggests that not all HDAC-related functions are cancer promoting, and adds to data suggesting that some HDAC-related functions may act in steps in metastasis suppression pathways. This suggests that some HDACis could increase the potential for metastasis. Current studies are focused on delineating the cancer-promoting functions of the complex from those that are tumor or metastasis suppressive and testing the effects of specific HDACis on cancer cell migration and invasion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-267. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-267
Citrus Oils as Protectants of Black-Eyed Peas Against Cowpea Weevils: Laboratory Evaluation

Peel oils of 8 different citrus fruits were each extracted and applied to the surfaces of black-eyed peas. Lack of progeny from adult Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) exposed Oil the treated peas showed that these oils could be effective in control of this insect species. There was no insect emergence from peas treated with lemon oil after the treated peas had aged 87 days, and emergence was low compared with that of the control even 312 days after the peas were treated. Cowpea weevils did not develop in artificial peas made from black-eyed pea flour containing 0.1% of lemon or grapefruit oil, 0.3% of lime oil, or 0.5% of tangerine oil.
3D Phase Retrieval with Computational Illumination

This talk will describe new methods for achieving 3D and high-resolution images in a commercial microscope with Fourier Ptychography related methods and a multi-slice approach. Using a combination of optical hardware and post-processing software, we achieve high-resolution gigapixel images in multiple depth planes with fast capture times.
When valve-in-valve implantation is not sufficient: Bioprosthetic Russian dolls.

When Valve-In-Valve Implantation Is Not Sufficient: Bioprosthetic Russian Dolls Elaine E. Tseng, MD † †Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco Medical Center (UCSF) and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (SFVAMC), San Francisco, CA. Address for correspondence: Elaine E. Tseng, MD UCSF Medical Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery 500 Parnassus Avenue, Suite W405, Box 0118 San Francisco, California 94143-0118 Telephone: 415-221-4810 x23452 FAX: 415-750-2181 E-mail: elaine.tseng@ucsf.edu Word Count: 497
The observation of intrauterine balloon tamponade and B-lynch suture treatment for postpartum hemorrhage

Objective To discuss the value of the caused by intrauterine balloon tamponade in prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods 98 cases by intrauterine balloon tamponade and B-lynch suture prevention or treatment of postpartum hemorrhage patients were divided into two groups from January 2010 to December 2012, 50 cases of tamponade group were given intrauterine balloon tamponade hemostasis; 48 cases in suture group were given B-lynch suture hemostasis. Results The postpartum blood loss averaged in 24 hours was (625.0±4.5) mL in tamponade group, the postpartum blood loss averaged in 24 hours was (759.0 ±6.8)mL in suture group, there were significant differences between the two groups (P 0.05). The blood transfusion and operation time between the two groups compared, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in tamponade group were superior to suture group, but there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P 0.05). Two groups of patients had no hysterectomy, all cases recovered from hospital and were followed up for 6 months, no complications occurred. Conclusion The uterine balloon tamponade technique is simple, reliable operation, it can effectively prevent and control postpartum hemorrhage, have the advantage of reproductive function in patients with retained.
Seasonal Effects on Building Construction

Causes and economic effects of seasonal variation in the United States based on the results of a construction industry survey are given. Weatherization costs are compared to total building costs and attitudes on the benefits of increasing such measures are presented.
A novel single‐layer frequency selective surface for gain enhancement of SWB antennas

A novel frequency selective surface (FSS) and its application for gain enhancement of super-wideband antennas are demonstrated in this article. The FSS is single layer; still it reflects quite in-phase over the entire operating bandwidth (2–20 GHz) providing fractional bandwidth more than 163%. The proposed FSS is successfully simulated, fabricated and measured. It has excellent radiation characteristics with the antenna. Measured results show a significant gain improvement (4–5dBi) over 2–20GHz frequency range. The compact single-layer configuration of the designed FSS provides more flexibility for its mounting close to a radiator making it an attractive candidate for modern applications in C-band, X-band, Ku-band, and K-band. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2030–2035, 2016
Bacterial arthritis in the adult.

Summary A brief review of bacterial arthritis as seen at the Mayo Clinic in the years 1958 through 1973 has been presented with a selected literature review. Once considered a disease of children and adolescents, this disease now is seen more often in adults, especially in those who are elderly, are chronically ill, or are receiving medications that lower the host resistance in invading bacteria. The diagnosis must be made early, with rapid isolation and identification of the organism. Proper antibacterial drugs should be selected on the basis of in vitro susceptibility tests. The joint should be either aspirated or decompressed by closed suction-irrigation. In instances in which diagnosis is late and joint destruction occurs, joint debridement will be necessary.
Opioids and rate of positively reinforced behavior: III. Antagonism by the long-lasting kappa antagonist norbinaltorphimine.

Various opioid compounds were examined before and after administration of a 40µg (i.c.v.) dose of norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI) in rats responding under a fixed ratio 20 schedule of food presentation. At time points ranging from 1 to 133 days after administration of nor-BNI, the dose-effect curve for the kappa opioid bremazocine was shifted to the right of that obtained prior to the administration of nor-BNI. The magnitude of these rightward shifts were somewhat larger at day 14 than day 1, remained unchanged between days 14 and 49, and then declined between days 70 and 133. Nor-BNI also produced large rightward shifts in the dose-effect curves for the kappa opioids U50,488, spiradoline and U69,593, and a small rightward shift in the curve for ethylketocyclazocine. In contrast, nor-BNI did not alter the dose-effect curves for (-)-n-allylnormetazocine, (-)-cyclazocine, nalorphine and the mu opioid morphine. The present findings indicate that the rate-decreasing effects of bremazocine, U50,488, U69,593, spiradoline and ethylketocyclazocine are mediated by agonist activity at the kappa opioid receptor(s). These findings also indicate that nor-BNI is a long-lasting and kappa opioid-selective antagonist that offers a number of advantages over naloxone and naltrexone as a pharmacological tool for examining the kappa opioid-mediated activity of opioid compounds.
An Introduction to Africana Philosophy: Classic eighteenth- and nineteenth-century foundations

The question of slavery has been a constant concern of modern European thought. John Locke found it necessary to offer rationalizations for it in his Second Treatise on Government , and constant references to themselves as “slaves” struggling for their freedom occur even in the arguments used by the Founding Fathers of the American Revolution. In philosophies of the modern era, then, we find the contradictory situation of arguments being offered against slavery by those who also depended on and offered arguments for the enslavement of others. This required great acts of self-deception and misrepresentation of history. Locke, for instance, argued that the procurement of slaves was permissible from a just war of self-defense against someone or some group who had violated a law of nature (for example, waging war against a fellow human being). In effect, his enslavement and the taking of his property (but not that of his wife and heirs) are the continuation of that war, in which the master is here read as protecting himself from the license of the enslaved. But since it is war, the enslaved does in fact have a right to struggle for his or her freedom since it is something that can be taken but not given away. Yet, under the supervision of the Earl of Shaftesbury (1632–1704), Locke wrote The Fundamental Constitution of Carolina in 1670, which permitted racialized slavery.
Developing a Robot Hip-Hop Dance Game to Engage Rural Minorities in Computer Science

In this paper we discuss details on the preliminary development of an interactive, educational game that will be used to engage rural, minority, middle school students in computer science by incorporating hip-hop dance with a simulated robot. Although this work is in progress, our aim is to develop a culturally tailored educational experience, so that students will have increased perceptions and openness to computer science after interacting with the robot hip-hop programming game. In this short report, we discuss details of our game design. We also describe the methodology, in-progress usability assessments on lesson content, as well as the robot dance moves to include in the game development.
Current status of myopathies affecting athletic horses

Muscular disorders rank among the most prevalent problems of horses competing in a broad variety of athletic disciplines, including track racing, dressage, endurance racing and Western riding disciplines. As described in this review, active scientific investigation is continuing to elucidate the different mechanisms underlying specific muscular disorders in horses, and is discovering and defining new disorders, and new methods of diagnosis, treatment and management. The flourishing field of equine rehabilitation and regenerative medicine is also driving the progressive application of a variety of modalities to the treatment and management of musculoskeletal conditions in horses. However, it is essential that this be accompanied by appropriate scientific investigation to verify the efficacy of recommended modalities and treatment protocols.
Exploring Condensins with Magnetic Tweezers

The signature activity of condensins as DNA reshaping machines is their ability to impose the giant loop architecture onto the chromosome. At the heart of this activity lies the propensity of the proteins to assemble into macromolecular clusters that bring distant DNA segments together. This gives rise to a rich dynamic behavior when the proteins are presented with the DNA substrate. The protocols in this section describe how the interaction between Escherichia coli condensin MukB and DNA proceeds in real time as observed using magnetic tweezers.
Value Oriented Social Decision Analysis: A Communication Tool for Public Decision Making on Technological Projects

Many public policy problems at all levels — national, regional, state, and local — involve issues that can not easily be reduced to simple either-or propositions. That is, the problem involves diverse constituencies and interest groups who can not be grouped into two sides so that trade-offs can be made and a resolution reached through the typical political process (in the United States). For example, at the local level such an issue would involve extending the runways of the local airport, building a shopping center in a suburban area, or combining the fire and police departments into one organization. In such situations, the usual political alignments do not apply, as Republican and Democratic council-persons will align themselves on both sides of the issue because typical party loyalties among the citizens do not yield predictable stands on the issue.
Low Tubal Ovum Transfer: An Alternative to in Vitro Fertilization

In monkeys having previously undergone bilateral resection and ligatin of the ampullary region of the fallopian tubes, the oocyte was aspirated from the preovulatory follicle and injected into the fallopian tube 1 to 2 cm above the uterotubal junction. These monkeys were mated the day prior to and the day after low tubal ovum transfer. Detection of macaque chorionic gonadotropin in serum and urine indicated that pregnancy had been initiated in 5 to 31 attempts (16.1%); these implantations were intrauterine rather than ectopic (tubal). Our findings suggest that low tubal ovum transfer has potential as an alternative to in vitro fertilization where proximal tubal function has been retained. Furthermore, this procedure permits preservation of in vivo fertilization and its inherent efficiency.
Incorporating a Peer-Mediated Approach Into Speech-Generating Device Intervention: Effects on Communication of Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Purpose This study examined the effects of incorporating a peer-mediated approach into a speech-generating device (SGD) intervention on communication of 45 nonverbal and minimally verbal preschoole...
BD-NET: A Multiplication-Less DNN with Binarized Depthwise Separable Convolution

In this work, we propose a multiplication-less deep convolution neural network, called BD-NET. As far as we know, BD-NET is the first to use binarized depthwise separable convolution block as the drop-in replacement of conventional spatial-convolution in deep convolution neural network (CNN). In BD-NET, the computation-expensive convolution operations (i.e. Multiplication and Accumulation) are converted into hardware-friendly Addition/Subtraction operations. In this work, we first investigate and analyze the performance of BD-NET in terms of accuracy, parameter size and computation cost, w.r.t various network configurations. Then, the experiment results show that our proposed BD-NET with binarized depthwise separable convolution can achieve even higher inference accuracy to its baseline CNN counterpart with full-precision conventional convolution layer on the CIFAR-10 dataset. From the perspective of hardware implementation, the convolution layer of BD-NET achieves up to 97.2%, 88.9%, and 99.4% reduction in terms of computation energy, memory usage, and chip area respectively.
A case for routine involvement of threat assessment and management teams with college students at risk for suicide

ABSTRACTInstitutions of higher education and their counseling centers are under intense pressure to prevent student suicide. This article proposes that routinely using threat assessment and managem...
Post-discharge transitions of care for hospitalized patients with advanced cancer.

6504Background: Patients with advanced cancer experience frequent hospitalizations and burdensome transitions of care post-discharge. We examined predictors of discharge location for patients with ...
Demonstrating the impact of classroom transformation on the inequality in DFW rates (``D'' or ``F'' grade or withdraw) for first-time freshmen, females, and underrepresented minorities through a decadal study of introductory geology courses

AbstractImplementation of active-learning practices into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses has been shown to increase student learning and performance, improve retention of material, and reduce achievement gaps among different student populations when compared to lecture-based approaches. To this end, we transformed two large-enrollment introductory geoscience courses (160 to 270 and 60 to 190 students) at a large public university in the midwestern United States into active-learning classrooms, and systematically analyzed student achievement data over a 10-year period. One course is required for majors in geology as well as majors in petroleum and architectural engineering, and also serves as a natural science distribution requirement for bachelor degrees. The other course serves as a natural-science distribution requirement for bachelor degrees. In both courses, there were measurable but not statistically significant (<95% confidence) improvements in overall student perfor...
Rapid and Holistic Technology Evaluation for Exploratory DTCO in Beyond 7nm Technologies

New device architectures such as horizontal Nanosheets have been seriously considered as a replacement for FinFET. A comprehensive, and realistic assessment of these architectures at the early stages of technology development is indispensable to understand their value propositions. In this study a new holistic technology-evaluation methodology for an early technology assessment is proposed. This methodology closely links performance-power metrics to realistic area scaling using block area assessment. This is especially critical for lower track cells since routing complexity can severely degrade performance. In addition, the optimization of an M1 power staple design combined with this evaluation can provide 12% additional area reduction with less than 1% of inverter performance penalty.
A memory-distributed quasi-Newton solver for nonlinear programming problems with a small number of general constraints

Abstract We address the problem of parallelizing state-of-the-art nonlinear programming optimization algorithms. In particular, we focus on parallelizing quasi-Newton interior-point methods that use limited-memory secant Hessian approximations. Such interior-point methods are known to have better convergence properties and to be more effective on large-scale problems than gradient-based and derivative-free optimization algorithms. We target nonlinear and potentially nonconvex optimization problems with an arbitrary number of bound constraints and a small number of general equality and inequality constraints on the optimization variables. These problems occur for example in the form of optimal control, optimal design, and inverse problems governed by ordinary or partial differential equations, whenever they are expressed in a “reduced-space” optimization approach. We introduce and analyze the time and space complexity of a decomposition method for solving the quasi-Newton linear systems that leverages the fact that the quasi-Newton Hessian matrix has a small number of dense blocks that border a low-rank update of a diagonal matrix. This enables an efficient parallelization on memory-distributed computers of the iterations of the optimization algorithm, a state-of-the-art filter line-search interior-point algorithm by Wachter et. al. We illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method by solving structural topology optimization problems on up to 4608 cores on a parallel machine.
Improved Methodology for Sensitive and Rapid Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Adult-Derived Mouse Microglia: Application to a Novel In Vitro Mouse Microglial Cell Model.

Microglia, as the resident brain immune cells, can exhibit a broad range of activation phenotypes, which have been implicated in a multitude of central nervous system disorders. Current widely studied microglial cell lines are mainly derived from neonatal rodent brain that can limit their relevance to homeostatic function and disease-related neuroimmune responses in the adult brain. Recently, an adult mouse brain-derived microglial cell line has been established; however, a comprehensive proteome dataset remains lacking. Here, an optimization method for sensitive and rapid quantitative proteomic analysis of microglia is described that involves suspension trapping (S-Trap) for efficient and reproducible protein extraction from a limited number of microglial cells expected from an adult mouse brain (≈300 000). Using a 2-h gradient on a 75-cm UPLC column with a modified data dependent acquisition method on a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, 4855 total proteins have been identified where 4698 of which are quantifiable by label-free quantitation with a median and average coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.7% and 10.6%, respectively. This dataset highlights the high depth of proteome coverage and related quantitation precision of the adult-derived microglial proteome including proteins associated with several key pathways related to immune response. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012006.
Predictors of Job Satisfaction in Female Farmers Aged 50 and Over: Implications for Occupational Health Nurses.

Background:Over the past three decades, the number of female farmers in the United States has increased to nearly 1 million, yet research on this occupational group is limited. Job stress arising f...
A Failure to Act or What’s Most Remarkable: Paradox IV

The final chapter in Part II (“A Failure to Act or What’s Most Remarkable: Paradox IV”) begins by addressing what many scholars see as the key paradox of the US government: given how little citizens know about government and politics, how is it that the United States has continued, unabated, for more than two centuries? Following the realist school, instead of criticizing citizens for a lack of knowledge, this chapter moves in another direction and focuses on a related, more pressing dilemma and paradox: how remarkable it is that the United States has continued unabated for more than two-hundred years given how unresponsive and impotent the system is. Using case studies such as immigration reform and gun control, this chapter makes the case that it is not only a lack of knowledge that drives people to fall prey to demagogues and charlatans, it is also frustration with a system that is unable to address or take meaningful action on critical issues. While the academy has spent a good deal of time discussing where the people fall short—and fall short we do—it is incumbent on us to spend at least as much time discussing where the system falls short, how it has contributed toward their frustrations, and how it can be remedied.
On Indexing Commercial Real Estate Properties and Portfolios

Commercial real estate indices play an important role in performance evaluation and overall investment strategy. However, the issue of how representative they are of the returns on portfolios of commercial properties is an open issue. Our study addresses this topic by analyzing a sample of 14,427 repeat sales transactions between Q4 2000 and Q2 2011. We find that the aggregate real estate indices (Moody's REAL CPPI) do a good job of tracking real returns when portfolios of more than 20 properties are considered. At this level, tracking is somewhat less effective than our benchmark of the S P500 and its component stocks. Compared to the average root mean squared deviation (FMSD) from one asset, randomly selected portfolios with 20 assets reduce the RMSD by 75% for the S P500 compared to 66% for the aggregate index. These results suggest that the aggregate indices can be effective in hedging and evaluating the performance of direct real estate investment. We further find that tracking at the property type level provides little benefit over using an aggregate index. These results suggest that the aggregate indices can be effective in hedging and evaluating the performance of direct real estate investment. We further find that tracking at the property level provides little benefit over using an aggregate index. However, indexing using a property type and location matched index provides lower tracking error for any level of diversification.
G&P Greetings, Inc

This case deals with the hedging decision of a firm. In the context of the case, the students are asked to choose among a number of alternatives to alter the fixed-rate interest payments on an outstanding bond. The case requires students to price a swap and price a series of interest-rate caps, and introduces the concept of swaption. Excerpt UVA-F-1122 G&P GREETINGS, INC. After a two-hour meeting, Bob Randell returned to his office. Two subjects had been discussed at length: the high interest on the existing debt of G&P Greetings and the proposed new debt issue. Due to a consolidation and an investment in the first phase of a new production facility in September 1994, the company had issued a noncallable five-year 7⅜% fixed rate note in the amount of $ 75 million. Since that time, sales levels had languished and the interest costs of that financing had been a significant drain on earnings. In fact, earnings had been flat for the last few years, and prospects for growth in the next two years were not promising. Beverly Knight, G&P's chief executive officer, was demanding that expenses be cut. In response, the company had already reduced its staff and imposed restrictions on purchases. At today's meeting (September 1, 1995), Knight had handed Randell a mandate to reduce the firm's relatively high financing costs. Randell knew that his first task would be to review the alternatives he had received from John Lawler, who worked with Mendelssohn and Hall, the regional investment bank with which G&P had traditionally worked. In addition, Randell needed to review a new noncallable $ 20 million debt issue that would be privately placed. Although the note had a very attractive rate, Knight had voiced concerns about the company taking on additional noncallable debt. At the close of the meeting, Knight had requested that Randell explore other options. G&P Greetings, Inc. GP however, the results had not been as successful as the original plans had foretold. The net result was that expenses had risen and earnings per share had fallen for the last three years. See Exhibits 1 and 2. Randell knew that additional debt in the amount of $ 20 million would have to be issued to complete the financing of the second phase. . . .
Winds in Hot, Subluminous Stars

Recent observations with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite show that two very different types of hot stars have stellar winds: not only do the young, massive OB stars (the subjects of our discussion in this symposium, so far) undergo high-velocity mass-loss, but so also do hot evolved, solar mass stars, among them the central star of planetary nebulae. In this talk, I would like to show ultraviolet spectra of two central stars, the nuclei of NGC 6826 and Abell 78, and to describe how the characteristics of these spectra may be used to derive information concerning winds in these stars and in hot stars in general.
Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Optimization in Process Synthesis

The use of networks allows the representation of a variety of important engineering problems. The treatment of a particular class of network applications, the process synthesis problem, is exposed in this paper. Process Synthesis seeks to develop systematically process flowsheets that convert raw materials into desired products. In recent years, the optimization approach to process synthesis has shown promise in tackling this challenge. It requires the development of a network of interconnected units, the process superstructure, that represents the alternative process flowsheets. The mathematical modeling of the superstructure has a mixed set of binary and continuous variables and results in a Mixed-Integer optimization model. Due to the nonlinearity of chemical models, these problems are generally classified as Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problems.
Comparison of behavioral profiles for anxiety-related comorbidities including ADHD and selective mutism in children

Background Elucidating differences in social-behavioral profiles of children with comorbid presentations, utilizing caregiver as well as teacher reports, will refine our understanding of how contextual symptoms vary across anxiety-related disorders.
IUGR disrupts the PPARγ-Setd8-H4K20me1 loop in male rat adipose tissue (577.5)

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) programs adipose dysfunction. Appropriate adipose function is, in part, maintained by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-Setd8-H4K20...
The Determinants of First-Year Academic Performance in the College of Agriculture at Kansas State University, 1990–1999

This research identifies and quantifies the determinants of first-year academic performance in the College of Agriculture at Kansas State University, 1990–1999. Forty-eight percent of the variation in first-semester college grades was explained by high school grades, standardized test scores, socioeconomic variables, high school characteristics, credit hours completed, and major field of study. Approximately 62% of the variation in second-semester grades was explained. First-semester college grades explained 43% of second-semester grades. Several statistically significant relationships are detected, and the implications for students, advisors, and administrators are discussed.
Rayleigh-Taylor instability at spherical interfaces between viscous fluids: Fluid/vacuum interface

For a spherical interface of radius R separating two different homogeneous regions of incompressible viscous fluids under the action of a radially directed acceleration, we perform a linear stability analysis in terms of spherical surface harmonics Yn to derive the dispersion relation. The instability behavior is investigated by computing the growth rates and the most-unstable modes as a function of the spherical harmonic degree n. This general methodology is applicable to the entire parameter space spanned by the Atwood number, the viscosity ratio, and the dimensionless number B=(aRρ22/μ22)1/3 R (where aR, ρ2, and μ2 are the local radial acceleration at the interface, and the density and viscosity of the denser overlying fluid, respectively). While the mathematical formulation herein is general, this paper focuses on instability that arises at a spherical viscous fluid/vacuum interface as there is a great deal to be learned from the effects of one-fluid viscosity and sphericity alone. To quantify and und...
On-line approaches for provisioning connections of different bandwidth granularities in WDM mesh networks

Summary form only given. We consider an arbitrary-topology, optical mesh network which employs wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to multiply the bandwidth on its links. Our present work is devoted to the dynamic traffic-grooming problem where connection requests (of different bandwidth granularities) arrive randomly, they need to be provisioned in real time, and to be torn down when they are over. To solve this problem, we first present five different grooming policies, e.g., whether or not to use one or more existing lightpaths to accommodate a new connection, when to set up a new lightpath, and so on. Then, we propose two distributed route-computation algorithms based on these grooming policies. Performance comparisons of these algorithms are provided for a representative example network.
TRIP GENERATION AS A CHOICE PROCESS

The purpose of this paper is to test whether trip generation models derived from the choice theories used in mode choice studies offer better explanations of travel behavior than do the conventional linear models. The data necessary to formulate the alternative trip generation models were gathered in the Santa Monica-West Los Angeles, California area. A stratified probability sample of 223 households was selected. The key dependent variables were various measures of travel frequencies for the purpose of entertainment-recreation. The linear trip generation models were calibrated using regression analysis. The analyses indicated that although the models derived from choice theories appeared to offer a more reasonable explanation of travel behavior for the trip purpose tested, the differences in predictive power do not support the conclusion that logit analysis techniques are superior to linear models for practical purposes.
Virtues and Vices in Positive Psychology: A Philosophical Critique

Kristjansson’s primary goal for this piece is a ‘critique [of] the conceptual/philosophical foundations of positive psychology and its educational implications’ (p. 219), and he does not disappoint...
1.9-W cw ring-cavity KTP singly resonant optical parametric oscillator.

We report high-power and single-frequency operation of a continuous-wave singly resonant potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4) optical parametric oscillator in a ring-cavity configuration. The ring singly resonant optical parametric oscillator threshold is 4.3 W. When the oscillator is pumped by 6.7 W of 532-nm radiation from an 11.2-W single-frequency resonantly doubled Nd:YAG laser, 1.9 W of single-axial-mode output is generated at the idler wavelength of 1039 nm.
SiH+5 and the proton affinity of monosilane☆

Abstract Tandem mass spectrometric studies show that SiH + 5 is formed in bimolecular reactions of SiH 4 and NH + 2 , C 2 H + 3 , C 2 H + 6 and C 3 H + 8 ions. The dependence of the reaction cross sections on ion energy indicates the formation of SiH + 5 from NH + 2 , C 2 H + 3 , and C 2 H + 6 to be exothermic reactions, while formation from C 3 H + 8 is endothermic. Using known thermochemical data, these facts permit the assignment of 150 and 156 kcal/mole to the lower and upper limits of the proton affinity of monosilane.
Transduction and segregation in Escherichia coli K12.

Abstract The transduction of the gal + character into gal − mutants of Escherichia coli K12 with high frequency transducing (HFT) lysates of phage λ has been studied. Sensitive recipients infected at low multiplicity give rise to heterogenotes carrying a defective prophage. Simultaneous infection with a non-transducing phage increases the probability of transduction and causes the cell to become lysogenic. Lysogenic recipients upon transduction generally remain lysogenic for the original prophage. Prophage substitution and double lysogenization rarely occur. Loss of the gal + character from the defective lysogenics is generally accompanied by loss of the defective prophage. Loss of the gal + character from the double lysogenics is correlated with changes in prophage content.
Total curvature, ropelength and crossing number of thick knots

We first study the minimum total curvature of a knot when it is embedded on the cubic lattice. Let be a knot or link with a lattice embedding of minimum total curvature among all possible lattice embeddings of . We show that there exist positive constants c1 and c2 such that for any knot type . Furthermore we show that the powers of in the above inequalities are sharp hence cannot be improved in general. Our results and observations show that lattice embeddings with minimum total curvature are quite different from those with minimum or near minimum lattice embedding length. In addition, we discuss the relationship between minimal total curvature and minimal ropelength for a given knot type. At the end of the paper, we study the total curvatures of smooth thick knots and show that there are some essential differences between the total curvatures of smooth thick knots and lattice knots.