cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of CD11b/CD18 in the Process of Intoxication by the Adenylate Cyclase Toxin of Bordetella pertussis

The adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) of Bordetella pertussis does not require a receptor to generate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in a broad range of cell types. To intoxicate cells, ACT binds to the cell surface, translocates its catalytic domain across the cell membrane, and converts intracellular ATP to cAMP. In cells that express the integrin CD11b/CD18 (CR3), ACT is more potent than in CR3-negative cells. We find, however, that the maximum levels of cAMP accumulation inside CR3-positive and -negative cells are comparable. To better understand how CR3 affects the generation of cAMP, we used Chinese hamster ovary and K562 cells transfected to express CR3 and examined the steps in intoxication in the presence and absence of the integrin. The binding of ACT to cells is greater in CR3-expressing cells at all concentrations of ACT, and translocation of the catalytic domain is enhanced by CR3 expression, with ∼80% of ACT molecules translocating their catalytic domain in CR3-positive cells but only 25% in CR3-negative cells. Once in the cytosol, the unregulated catalytic domain converts ATP to cAMP, and at ACT concentrations >1,000 ng/ml, the intracellular ATP concentration is <5% of that in untreated cells, regardless of CR3 expression. This depletion of ATP prevents further production of cAMP, despite the CR3-mediated enhancement of binding and translocation. In addition to characterizing the effects of CR3 on the actions of ACT, these data show that ATP consumption is yet another concentration-dependent activity of ACT that must be considered when studying how ACT affects target cells.
What the asthma end points we know and love do and do not tell us

Asthma is a disorder characterized by common features of reversible airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperreactivity in the setting of airway mucosal and submucosal inflammation. However, the clinical manifestations are syndromic and not unimodal. There is marked variability in severity of symptoms, natural history, risks of adverse outcomes, pathologic characteristics, and response to therapy. Understanding the relationship between these factors has been complicated by the variability of outcomes and the lack of correlation between them. There is a striking absence of correlation among the pathologic, physiologic, and clinical manifestations of the asthmatic disorders. Lung function tends to correlate poorly with clinical outcomes, and there is only modest correlation between clinical outcomes. Response to therapy is variable both externally (between patients) and internally, depending on which outcome is evaluated. A more complete understanding of the variability of disease and the genetic and environmental causes of the variability likely will change how we approach asthma and its therapy.
Temporal Logic Motion Planning for Mobile Robots

In this paper, we consider the problem of robot motion planning in order to satisfy formulas expressible in temporal logics. Temporal logics naturally express traditional robot specifications such as reaching a goal or avoiding an obstacle, but also more sophisticated specifications such as sequencing, coverage, or temporal ordering of different tasks. In order to provide computational solutions to this problem, we first construct discrete abstractions of robot motion based on some environmental decomposition. We then generate discrete plans satisfying the temporal logic formula using powerful model checking tools, and finally translate the discrete plans to continuous trajectories using hybrid control. Critical to our approach is providing formal guarantees ensuring that if the discrete plan satisfies the temporal logic formula, then the continuous motion also satisfies the exact same formula.
Modeling dynamic scenes with active appearance

In this work, we propose a model for video scenes that contains temporal variability in shape and appearance. We propose a conditionally linear model akin to a dynamic extension of active appearance models. We formulate the problem variationally, and propose a framework where a model complexity cost dictates the "modeling responsibility" of each of the factors: appearance, shape and motion. We render the learning problem well-posed by reverting to a physical and a dynamic prior, and use the finite element method to compute a numerical solution. We illustrate our model to learn and simulate the shape, appearance, and motion of scenes that exhibit some form of temporal regularity, intended in a statistical sense.
Bovine serum albumin in lithium chloride solutions. Association behavior at neutral pH.

Measurements of light scattering at 546 nm were carried out on bovine serum albumin in LiCl solutions at neutral pH (ca. 5.2) and room temperature. The concentration of LiCl varied from 0.1 to 7.0 M. There was a relatively small increase in the molecular weight of the protein when the concentration of LiCl in aqueous solutions was in the range between 0.1 M and 3.0 M. A major increase occurred when the concentration of LiCl exceeded 3.0 M. Preferential binding of LiCl to the protein varied in the same direction: negative when the concentration of LiCl was below 3.0 M and positive when the concentration was above 3.0 M. A reaction pattern suggested that the aggregation is preceded by a reversible conformational change of the monomer and the aggregation is a combination of denatured monomers.
Managing herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia.

Treatment strategies for herpes zoster infection include limiting viral replication with anti-infective agents as well as limiting associated acute and chronic neuropathic pain with a variety of analgesics. The author outlines currently available pharmacothera- peutic options, from first-line (eg, anti-infective agents, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioid analgesics, and topical agents) through adjuvant treatments (eg, oral corticosteroids). A summary of adverse event profiles is provided for each medication. Vaccination is recommended as a preventive measure.
The Role of Total Laboratory Automation in a Consolidated Laboratory Network

Background: In an effort to reduce overall laboratory costs and improve overall laboratory efficiencies at all of its network hospitals, the North Shore–Long Island Health System recently established a Consolidated Laboratory Network with a Core Laboratory at its center. Methods: We established and implemented a centralized Core Laboratory designed around the Roche/Hitachi CLAS Total Laboratory Automation system to perform the general and esoteric laboratory testing throughout the system in a timely and cost-effective fashion. All remaining STAT testing will be performed within the Rapid Response Laboratories (RRLs) at each of the system’s hospitals. Results: Results for this laboratory consolidation and implementation effort demonstrated a decrease in labor costs and improved turnaround time (TAT) at the core laboratory. Anticipated system savings are ∼$2.7 million. TATs averaged 1.3 h within the Core Laboratory and less than 30 min in the RRLs. Conclusions: When properly implemented, automation systems can reduce overall laboratory expenses, enhance patient services, and address the overall concerns facing the laboratory today: job satisfaction, decreased length of stay, and safety. The financial savings realized are primarily a result of labor reductions.
Vocal Reaction Times of Children With CAPD, Age-Matched Peers, and Young Adults to Printed Words

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences between children identified in a clinical setting as having Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD), an age-matched peer gro...
Probing laser-induced structural changes using coherent phonon detection

We find the onset of laser-induced InSb thermal dissociation using coherent optical phonon detection under asynchronous optical sampling. Additionally, laser-induced annealing of Sb thin films is monitored in photoacoustic measurements of sound velocity in real-time.
Genetic Algorithm in Identifying Non Linear Auto Regressive with Exogenous Input Models for Non Linear Systems

A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based system identification method is developed to automatically construct linear-in-the-parameters non-linear difference equation models of nonlinear systems of unknown structure from observations of inputs and outputs. Three simulated examples, NARX system corrupted with noise, the Mackey-Glass equation and the Van der Pol oscillator, are identified to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm and to compare it with the orthogonal parameter estimation algorithm.
Representing and computing temporally scoped beliefs

Planning effective courses of action requires making predictions about what the world may be like at the time the actions are to be performed. Making these predictions requires a temporal representation, and—assuming a world that is not entirely predictable and an agent that is not omniscient—a representation of the uncertainty that will characterize its incomplete knowledge of the world. We provide in this paper a representation and calculus for computing an agent's strength of belief in a proposition at a point in time, based on (possibly imperfect) observations about that proposition and information about the tendency of the proposition to persist over time.
A 7-step approach to the design and implementation of parallel algorithms

This paper presents a 7-step, semi-systematic approach for designing and implementing parallel algorithms. In this paper, the target implementation uses MPI for message passing. The approach is applied to a family of matrix factorization algorithms- LU, QR, and Cholesky - which share a common structure, namely, that the second factor of each is upper right triangular. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated by implementing, tuning, and timing execution on two commercially available multiprocessor computers.
Volumetric alterations of the orbitofrontal cortex in autism.

Recent evidence has implicated the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the pathophysiology of social deficits in autism. An MRI-based morphometric study of the OFC was conducted involving 11 children with autism (age range 8.1–12.7 years) and 18 healthy, age-matched controls (age range 8.9–12.8 years). Decreased grey matter volume in the right lateral OFC in the patient group was found, and correlations were observed between social deficits and white, but not grey, matter structures of the OFC. These findings support the role of OFC in autism and warrant further investigations of this structure using structural and functional methodologies.
A Review of: “Dalia Dassa Kaye, Frederic Wehrey, Audra K. Grant, and Dale Stahl. More Freedom, Less Terror? Liberalization and Political Violence in the Arab World.”

Since the decline of the Cold War in general and the events of September 11 in particular the United States has vigorously pursued pro-democratization policies in the Islamic world. This reflects i...
Using commercial knowledge bases for clinical decision support: opportunities, hurdles, and recommendations.

The quality and safety of health care leaves much to be desired.1,2 Automated clinical decision support (CDS) tools embedded in clinical information systems (CISs) such as computer provider order entry (CPOE) and electronic health records (EHR) applications have the potential to improve care and should be part of any comprehensive approach to improve quality.3,4,5,6 Medication prescribing is a component of health care with well documented quality and safety problems that can be improved by CDS.7,8,9 Medication-related CDS requires that pharmaceutical knowledge be represented in a computable, explicit and unambiguous form. Creating an automated representation of medical knowledge often is the most time consuming step in the development of a CDS system and is known as the “knowledge acquisition bottleneck.”10 For a time, it was hoped that the move toward explicit guidelines in medicine would decrease the knowledge acquisition effort,11 but that has not happened.12 Experiments on data sharing from over a decade ago have not progressed.13 As a result, just a few organizations, primarily academic medical centers, are creating rules and benefiting from CDS,14 but most health care organizations do not have the expertise or resources to create such knowledge bases themselves. One potential solution to the problem of access to automated medication-related knowledge is the set of commercial vendors that supply medication-related knowledge bases for pharmacy and prescribing applications. These vendors' products contain such knowledge as drug-drug and drug-disease interactions, minimum and maximum dosing suggestions, drug-allergy cross-sensitivity groupings, and groupings of medications by therapeutic class. Developers of CISs (either vendor-based or “homegrown”), with appropriate licensing, can incorporate commercial knowledge bases into their products. The knowledge base vendor receives a licensing fee for each CIS implementation and can amortize the …
Optimal personalized filtering against spear-phishing attacks

To penetrate sensitive computer networks, attackers can use spear phishing to sidestep technical security mechanisms by exploiting the privileges of careless users. In order to maximize their success probability, attackers have to target the users that constitute the weakest links of the system. The optimal selection of these target users takes into account both the damage that can be caused by a user and the probability of a malicious e-mail being delivered to and opened by a user. Since attackers select their targets in a strategic way, the optimal mitigation of these attacks requires the defender to also personalize the e-mail filters by taking into account the users' properties. In this paper, we assume that a learned classifier is given and propose strategic per-user filtering thresholds for mitigating spear-phishing attacks. We formulate the problem of filtering targeted and non-targeted malicious e-mails as a Stackelberg security game. We characterize the optimal filtering strategies and show how to compute them in practice. Finally, we evaluate our results using two real-world datasets and demonstrate that the proposed thresholds lead to lower losses than nonstrategic thresholds.
Taenia crassiceps subcutaneous cysticercosis in an adult dog.

THE tapeworm Taenia crassiceps is widely distributed across the Holoarctic, cycling between canid definitive hosts and rodent intermediate hosts ([Freeman 1962][1], [Jones and Pybus 2001][2]). Mature tapeworms living in the small intestine pass gravid proglottids, which release eggs into the
Corporate Tax Rates: Receipts and Distortions

This article explores recent evidence on the relationship between the corporate statutory tax rate and corporate tax receipts among developed economies and then discusses the potential efficiency gains from a large reduction in the corporate tax rate.
Role of angiotensin and vasopressin on blood pressure of ganglionic blocked dogs

This study was designed to investigate the possible role of angiotensin and vasopressin in the maintenance of arterial blood pressure during acute blockade of the autonomic nervous system. Two groups of eight dogs each were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and autonomic ganglia were blocked with hexamethonium (20 mg/kg). Thirty minutes later group 1 received the vasopressin antagonist 1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid),2-(O-methyl)tyrosine arginine vasopressin (10 micrograms/kg) followed after a 30-min interval by captopril (1 mg/kg). Group 2 received the same drugs, except the order of administration of vasopressin antagonist and captopril was reversed. Vasopressin antagonist during ganglionic blockade (group 2) produced a greater fall in blood pressure than did captopril during ganglionic blockade (group 1). These data indicate that vasopressin plays a greater pressor role than angiotensin in the acute response to ganglionic blockade. Additional studies were performed to determine if the autonomic nervous system alone can support the resting blood pressure in the anesthetized dog. Combined blockade of angiotensin and vasopressin without autonomic blockade produced a significant decrease in blood pressure, suggesting that the autonomic nervous system alone is not able to support the control blood pressure in the anesthetized dog.
Prevention of Potential-Induced Degradation With Thin Ionomer Film

Significant power loss has been observed in photovoltaic (PV) modules resulting from high voltage bias experienced in the field. This type of failure has been called potential-induced degradation (PID). Encapsulant materials provide protection and electrical isolation of the solar components in PV modules. Several researchers have shown that the type of encapsulant can directly affect the severity of the PID. Ionomers, in particular, were amongst the first encapsulants identified as having the ability to prevent this degradation mechanism. In this study, we introduce an ionomer/EVA bilayer encapsulant to the module to determine the effect of ionomer on PID and sodium ion migration in mini- modules. We determined that the encapsulant's volume resistivity is temperature independent with the presence of ionomer. Results confirm that the module's volume resistivity at elevated temperature inversely correlates with leakage current and that ion enrichment at the cell/encapsulant interface correlates with power degradation of a PV module. The rate of sodium ion migration to the cell was also investigated. An analytical method was refined for this application using laser ablation and mass spectrometry to observe the sodium migration within the module. Sodium ion profiles were obtained by elemental mapping of the encapsulant and solar cell cross section after the module had been exposed to a simulated PID test. Results show that sodium ion accumulation at the encapsulant/solar cell region increases linearly with PID testing time when only EVA encapsulant is used and is significantly different when an ionomer/EVA encapsulant is used in the module.
The Importance of Contextual Factors in Determining the Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts of Solar Photovoltaic Systems

Small-scale residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming increasingly common. In some cases, governments or individual homeowners promote PV technology because of concerns about climate change and a desire to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). While solar PV directly emits no GHGs during use, the panels are associated with a significant amount of embedded GHG emissions, resulting from the manufacturing of the panels, for instance. A review of relevant literature reveals that the life cycle GHG emissions of solar PV panels are significantly influenced by contextual factors, such as the location of the panels during use. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the many ways context could affect the GHG emissions associated with solar PV systems and to demonstrate — via calculations from a simple analytical model — the potential magnitude of the GHG emissions differences associated with using PV panels in different contexts.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Cognitive Differences between the Sexes in Memory for Names and Faces

22 male and 22 female college students were shown 30 pairs of faces and names to learn. Subsequent tests indicated that all students recognized more female stimuli than male stimuli and more names than faces. On the name-face matching test, female subjects performed better than did males, and male and female stimuli were matched equivalently.
Facile reduction of a uranyl(VI) β-ketoiminate complex to U(IV) upon oxo silylation.

Reaction of the uranyl β-ketoiminate complex UO2(tBuacnac)2 (1) (tBuacnac = tBuNC(Ph)CHC(Ph)O) with Me3SiI, in the presence of Ph3P, results in the reductive silylation of the uranyl moiety and for...
Studies on Acholic Cachexia. VII. Effect of Viosterol.

ConclusionViosterol does not exert a favorable influence on dogs with complete biliary fistulae.
Incorporating Concepts of Hospitality into Theological Library Assessment

Following the completion of a year-long library space utilization study, the Princeton Theological Seminary Library sought new ways of shaping questions about library space and library assessment overall. The concept of “hospitality,” as it has been so interestingly articulated in the literature of theological librarianship, provided the library with a challenging conceptual foothold in shaping new assessment questions. This essay reflects on the “hospitality” concept in relation to three assessment areas of interest to theological libraries: information literacy, scholarly impact, and the library as workplace.
61 GATIFLOXACIN-INDUCED HYPERINSULINEMIC HYPOGLYCEMIA.

CP was a 73-year-old African American man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic complications. His T2DM had previously been well controlled (HbA1c 6.3%) on glyburide, rosiglitazone, and metformin. He had never been hypoglycemic on these medications at home. He was admitted to the hospital with a urinary tract infection and acute renal insufficiency (Cr 1.8 mg/dL), primarily due to dehydration. Because of his renal insufficiency, both his metformin and glyburide were discontinued on admission and he was started on glipizide and ciprofloxacin. For 3 days on this regimen his blood glucoses ranged from 123 to 273 mg/dL. After this period, he was changed to gatifloxacin, and within 24 hours his fasting blood glucose fell to 62 and then 33 mg/dL. All medications, except the gatifloxacin, were discontinued, but the patient remained hypoglycemic for 72 hours, despite IV D10W and continuous tube feeds via NG tube. Over this time, his blood glucose ranged from 25 to 127 mg/dL. At this point, a hypoglycemic workup was obtained; sulfonylurea screen was negative, but insulin (42.2 μU/mL, nl Conclusion This case demonstrates gatifloxacin-induced hypoglycemia, a relatively uncommon but described entity. Gatifloxacin has been shown in mouse studies to induce insulin secretion by inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to beta-cell depolarization and release of stored insulin granules, resulting in hypoglycemia. In elderly patients, with and without oral agent-treated diabetes, it may be best to consider antibiotics other than gatifloxacin as first line for treatment of infections.
Legislation Included in Table 7.1

The following legislative actions are included in Table 7.1 but are not discussed in the accompanying text. The discussion in the text is limited to entries indicated in column 4, legislation passed by both houses of Congress. Actions included here are selected on the basis of several criteria: Legislation must involve monetary policy or the structure of the Federal Reserve. Routine oversight is excluded, but other oversight hearings are included, usually in column “o.” Some legislation dealing with bank regulation is cited here, but only if it also included portions dealing with the structure of the Federal Reserve (e.g., the FINE hearings). Bank regulatory matters (e.g., electronic funds transfers, bank holding companies, interstate banking) are excluded despite the fact that financial innovation may have implications for monetary management. For this reason, many hearings in 1978–80 preparing the way for the eventual DIDMCA legislation are not reflected in this table. Despite the political importance of DIDMCA, as discussed in Chapter 4, it is excluded here. That decision could be debated, but given the legislative purposes this table is intended to represent (see the following text) it is consistent with the criteria governing other inclusions and exclusions.
Inductive reasoning: The promise of big data

Abstract Theory is a cornerstone of organizational research. Recently, however, some organizational scientists have argued that there is an overemphasis on theory development in our prominent publication outlets, calling for a rejuvenation of empirically driven research. To bring empirical research back to the forefront, the organizational sciences need a shock to the system: the advent of big data analytics in organizations provides just such a shock. The purpose of the following paper is to advocate for big data analytics as tools that can be used to support inductive research methods in the organizational sciences. We then highlight areas of organizational research and practice in which big data analytics can have an impact, provide readers with a tempered perspective on big data in the organizational sciences, and suggest a number of ways that researchers, reviewers, and editors can prepare themselves for the introduction of big data research in the organizational sciences.
THE BOSTON BRACE FOR BACK INJURIES IN ATHLETES : MECHANICS

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the Boston Brace System for back injuries in athletics. The Boston Brace System as initially conceived and as progressively refined is a method of realigning the spine that utilizes several unique bracing techniques. The system consists of a series of 20 sizes of prefabricated thermoplastic body brace modules that can be rapidly fitted to an individual patient. The outer shell of polypropylene with an inner lining and padding system of polyethylene can be adapted to the correction of most spinal deformities by the application of specific pressure pads and contouring of the brace. When the anti-lordotic capabilities of the Boston Brace modules were fully appreciated, the use of this brace system in the management of certain back pain problems was considered. A total of 22 young athletes have been treated with the anti-lordotic Boston Brace over the past 2 years. Satisfactory results have been attained in over 85% of these patients. All patients with spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis showed improvement with complete resolution of symptoms in most.
Policy Changes and Improvements in Health Insurance Coverage Among MSM: 20 U.S. Cities, 2008–2014

Recent policy changes have improved the ability of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) to secure health insurance. We wanted to assess changes over time in self-reported health insurance status among MSM participating in CDC’s National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) in 2008, 2011, and 2014. We analyzed NHBS data from sexually active MSM interviewed at venues in 20 U.S. cities. To determine if interview year was associated with health insurance status, we used a Poisson model with robust standard errors. Among included MSM, the overall percentage of MSM with health insurance rose 16 % from 2008 (68 %) to 2014 (79 %) (p value for trend < 0.001). The change in coverage over time was greatest in key demographic segments with lower health insurance coverage all three interview years, by age, education, and income. Corresponding with recent policy changes, health insurance improved among MSM participating in NHBS, with greater improvements in historically underinsured demographic segments. Despite these increases, improved coverage is still needed. Improved access to health insurance could lead to a reduction in health disparities among MSM over time.
Fast Structural Similarity Search of Noncoding RNAs Based on Matched Filtering of Stem Patterns

Many noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have characteristic secondary structures that give rise to complicated base correlations in their primary sequences. Therefore, when performing an RNA similarity search to find new members of a ncRNA family, we need a statistical model - such as the profile- csHMM or the covariance model (CM) - that can effectively describe the correlations between distant bases. However, these models are computationally expensive, making the resulting RNA search very slow. To overcome this problem, various prescreening methods have been proposed that first use a simpler model to scan the database and filter out the dissimilar regions. Only the remaining regions that bear some similarity are passed to a more complex model for closer inspection. It has been shown that the prescreening approach can make the search speed significantly faster at no (or a slight) loss of prediction accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel prescreening method based on matched filtering of stem patterns. Unlike many existing methods, the proposed method can prescreen the database solely based on structural similarity. The proposed method can handle RNAs with arbitrary secondary structures, and it can be easily incorporated into various search methods that use different statistical models. Furthermore, the proposed approach has a low computational cost, yet very effective for prescreening, as will be demonstrated in the paper.
Scale modeling of oscillating sheet jets for the HYLIFE-II inertial-confinement fusion reactor

AbstractThe recent High Yield Lithium-Injection Fusion Energy (HYLIFE-II) reactor design employs a curtain of oscillating molten-salt sheet jets to protect the fusion chamber walls. The current literature is inadequate for predicting how well the geometry of these turbulent jets can be controlled in a vacuum environment. Designing such jet systems requires experimental investigation, and this paper outlines scaled experiments to validate HYLIFE-II jet requirements.
Using High-Resolution Reanalysis Data to Explore Localized Western North America Hydroclimate Relationships with ENSO

AbstractMany studies have used observational data to explore associations between El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and western North America (NA) hydroclimate at regional spatial scales. However, relationships between tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability and western NA hydroclimate at local scales using reanalysis data are less understood. Here, the current understanding of relationships between large-scale tropical Pacific SST variability and western NA hydroclimate is extended to localized headwaters. To accomplish this, high-resolution reanalysis data (i.e., monthly mean surface precipitation rate, 2-m temperature, 850-mb specific humidity, and 500-mb omega) were used for gridpoint correlation analyses with Nino-3.4 SST and El Nino Modoki indices. Reanalysis time series data were provided by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) product. To validate the accuracy of NARR surface data, observational Livneh precipitation and te...
Acute Heart Failure: Alternatives to Hospitalization

Acute heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem with substantial associated economic costs. Because most patients who present to hospitals are admitted irrespective of their level of risk, novel approaches to manage acute HF are needed, such as the use of same-day access clinics for outpatient diuresis and observation units from the emergency department. Current published data lacks a comprehensive overview of the present state of acute HF management in various clinical settings. This review summarizes the strengths and limitations of acute HF care in the outpatient and emergency department settings. Finally, a variety of innovative technologies that have the potential to improve acute HF management are discussed.
Static netlist verification for IBM high-frequency processors using a tree-grammar

This paper introduces a new static verification technique using tree-grammars. The core contribution is the combination of a structural netlist traversal with parser generation techniques for tree-grammars. Today's commercial static analysis tools offer a rich set of parameterized connectivity checks, but their predefined nature prevents effective checks on the highly customized structures found in high-end processor designs. The method presented here allows to formulate the required connectivity using a tree-grammar, thus combining high checking flexibility with convenient specification. Unlike other grammar based structural verification approaches, this method does not require the complete netlist to be matched against the production rules, which allows short runtimes even on large multi-core chip netlists. Results are presented for the most recent 22nm high-end processor designs.
Recruited Monocytes and Type 2 Immunity Promote Lung Regeneration following Pneumonectomy

To investigate the role of immune cells in lung regeneration, we used a unilateral pneumonectomy model that promotes the formation of new alveoli in the remaining lobes. Immunofluorescence and single-cell RNA sequencing found CD115+ and CCR2+ monocytes and M2-like macrophages accumulating in the lung during the peak of type 2 alveolar epithelial stem cell (AEC2) proliferation. Genetic loss of function in mice and adoptive transfer studies revealed that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) traffic to the lung through a CCL2-CCR2 chemokine axis and are required for optimal lung regeneration, along with Il4ra-expressing leukocytes. Our data suggest that these cells modulate AEC2 proliferation and differentiation. Finally, we provide evidence that group 2 innate lymphoid cells are a source of IL-13, which promotes lung regeneration. Together, our data highlight the potential for immunomodulatory therapies to stimulate alveologenesis in adults.
Immunologic Aspects of Malnutrition

This workshop will be devoted to the effects of malnutrition on the immune response, infection and susceptibility to neoplasia. Other aspects of nutrition were discussed in another workshop during this Congress.
Consciousness, Neural Basis of

Consciousness appears to be the most singular challenge to the scientific, reductionist worldview. In the closing years of the second millennium, advances in the ability to record the activity of individual neurons in the brains of monkeys or other animals while they carry out particular tasks, combined with the explosive development of functional brain imaging in normal humans, led to a renewed empirical program to discover the scientific explanation of consciousness. This entry reviews some of the relevant experimental work and argues that the most advantageous strategy for now is to focus on discovering the neuronal correlates of consciousness.
The Metaphysics of Law

Our problem now is to work out the metaphysics of law. What are the presuppositions of the legal system? I take it that they are to be found in the prevailing morality, for every morality is anchored half-way between an abstract metaphysics, on the up side, and an actually existing society with all of its conflicts and confusions as well as its partial ordering, on the down side. It must be consistent with a highly remote theory and yet compatible with the brute immediacy of events.
Spontaneous retropharyngeal and mediastinal thoracic duct cyst in an infant with respiratory distress

Thoracic duct cysts (TDC) within the retropharyngeal space and mediastinum are exceedingly rare lesions, with the majority related to trauma or neoplasm. We describe a case of an otherwise healthy 8-month-old boy who presented with severe respiratory distress, which was found to be caused by a large, spontaneous TDC occupying most the retropharyngeal and mediastinal space. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient to date presenting with TDC. Ultimately, his TDC was completely resolved with sclerotherapy, however the patient's age and size presented unique challenges to his medical management, which we describe below.
High pCO2-induced exopolysaccharide-rich ballasted aggregates of planktonic cyanobacteria could explain Paleoproterozoic carbon burial

The contribution of planktonic cyanobacteria to burial of organic carbon in deep-sea sediments before the emergence of eukaryotic predators ~1.5 Ga has been considered negligible owing to the slow sinking speed of their small cells. However, global, highly positive excursion in carbon isotope values of inorganic carbonates ~2.22-2.06 Ga implies massive organic matter burial that had to be linked to oceanic cyanobacteria. Here to elucidate that link, we experiment with unicellular planktonic cyanobacteria acclimated to high partial CO2 pressure (pCO2) representative of the early Paleoproterozoic. We find that high pCO2 boosts generation of acidic extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) that adsorb Ca and Mg cations, support mineralization, and aggregate cells to form ballasted particles. The down flux of such self-assembled cyanobacterial aggregates would decouple the oxygenic photosynthesis from oxidative respiration at the ocean scale, drive export of organic matter from surface to deep ocean and sustain oxygenation of the planetary surface.
Elevated levels of circulating neutrophil extracellular traps and prothrombotic state after one dose of chemotherapy to predict doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in breast cancer.

e12579Background: Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) is dose-dependent, beginning with the first dose with subclinical myocardial injury that can progress to symptomatic heart failure months or ye...
The Pyrolytic Transformation of Organometallic Compounds into Refractory Metals: Tungsten and Molybdenum Carbides

The design of molecular analogs, precursors to tungsten and molybdenum carbides is described. General design criteria for the synthesis of materials precursors are developed. Specific goals were to design nonvolatile, tractable precursors containing multiple metal-carbon bonds to enhance the formation of metal carbides upon pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of (C5H5)2W2(CO)4DMAD (DMAD = dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate) at 750°C gives W2C under appropriate reaction conditions. Pyrolysis of Mo2(NMe2)6 at 800°C gives Mo2C rather than the expected MoN. A rationale for the latter result is presented.
The Psychology of Massively Multi-User Online Role-Playing Games: Motivations, Emotional Investment, Relationships and Problematic Usage

Role-Playing Games: Motivations, Emotional Investment, Relationships and Problematic Usage by Nicholas Yee [ Yee, N. (2006). The Psychology of MMORPGs: Emotional Investment, Motivations, Relationship Formation, and Problematic Usage. In R. Schroeder & A. Axelsson (Eds.), Avatars at Work and Play: Collaboration and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments (pp. 187-207). London: Springer-Verlag. ]
Nucleo-Cortical Interactions During Amphibian Development

The egg cortex, though poorly defined (11), is often implicated as an important determinant of morphogenesis in amphibian and mollusc development (13, 14). Recently, for example, Arnold (1) has demonstrated that irradiation of the squid egg cortex with a UV microbeam specifically inhibits development of embryonic eyes and arms. The grey crescent cortical region of the amphibian egg is well known as the organization center for the primary neural axis of the embryo. Pasteels (13), reviewing experiments on amphibian eggs, postulates a yolk-cortex interaction system as a causal factor in establishing the axial organization in the embryo, a view formulated earlier by Dalcq and Pasteels in 1936. Curtis (4, 5) reported the induction of a secondary embryonic axis after transplantation of the grey crescent cortex at the fertilized egg stage in Xenopus. Although his experiments were few in number and have not been repeated, the results support the view of the grey crescent cortex as a site for organization and storage of developmental information.
Qualitative Thin-Layer Chromatography

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the advantages of qualitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). TLC offers a number of advantages over paper chromatography, namely, analysis is rapid so that complete analysis can be obtained within a few minutes making the technique excellent for monitoring reactions, for either derivatized or underivatized carbohydrates, it gives excellent separations—for example, anomers can be separated even up to a molecular weight of 1500—and it allows a greater variety of detecting reagents to be employed as the use of inorganic layers permits reagents or conditions that would destroy paper. The technique also allows greater quantities of materials to be applied, thereby, making it easier to detect minor components.
Risk Analysis and Technological Hazards: A Policy-Related Bibliography

During the past decade, the risk analysis literature has grown from a handful of articles and books to a formidable collection of material. The objective of this bibliograohy is to provide a listing of this material, with emphasis on works of generic interest to researchers and policymakers. Aside from inadvertent omissions and some minor exceptions, the following types of material were intentionally excluded from the bibliography: works dealing narrowly with a specific technology or hazard; technical or methodological works dealing exclusively with risk estimation or the measurement of probabilities and uncertainties; articles from mass circulation magazines; book reviews and foreign language works; unpublished dissertations and theses; and unpublished symposium, conference, or workshop papers. Because numerous sources were consulted in compiling the bibliography, it was not possible to provide complete reference information (such as page numbers) in all cases.
A Component-Based Systems Development Approach

From the middle of the 80's, the effective software reuse has become increasingly more important as the cost and complexity of software development escalated. The key to integration is determining the relationship between what components are potentially reusable and how they can be properly adapted. It is not always the case that existing components completely satisfying the problem that we need to solve. This paper addresses how the results of specification matching can be used to guide the selection and application of adaptation tactics and automate component adaptation and system integration based on type, interface, and behaviour adaptation.
ERCC-1 high-stage IIb/III esophageal cancer treated with nonplatinum-based neoadjuvant or definitive chemoradiotherapy.

e15047 Background: Optimal curative outcomes in esophageal cancer are achieved with tri-modality therapy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery; if not a surgical candidate, def...
The Protein Phosphatase 4 Complex Functions in miRNA Biogenesis in Arabidopsis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (typically 21–22 nucleotide), single-stranded noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, mainly via posttranscriptional gene silencing. The miRNA biogenesis pathway is complex, involving numerous proteins, and is highly conserved in plants. If this pathway is
Correlates of health care use among White and minority men and women with diabetes: An NHANES study.

Abstract Aims The current study sought to identify patient-level factors related to health care use among White and minority men and women with diabetes. Methods A sample of 447 of non-pregnant individuals with diabetes, ages 18–64, was drawn from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys dataset. Poisson regression models tested associations between health care use and self-rated health, depression, medical comorbidities, body mass index, marital status, number of children, income, insurance coverage, and age, stratified by gender and racial/ethnic minority status. Results Poorer self-rated health was the only significant correlate of increased health care use among White men with diabetes whereas income and insurance were significant correlates of increased use among minority men. Among White and minority women, higher levels of depression and being single were correlated with greater health care use. Comorbid medical conditions and insurance coverage were also related to use among minority women. Conclusions Among individuals with diabetes, health care use among White men appeared to be driven by subjective health whereas financial factors were critical among minority men. Family structure and mental health were instrumentally associated with health care use among all women. These factors can be targeted to promote equitable access to care.
Theories of Party-Building: Africa, Competitive Authoritarianism, and Democracy

This chapter situates the book’s arguments about party formation, party trajectories, presidential turnover, and party loyalty and defection within the social science and African studies literature. It situates the research and its claims within two social science literatures, one on competitive authoritarianism, and another on party-building and party functions in developing countries. It also describes how the arguments in each book chapter improve or refine extant theories, findings, and assumptions about party politics, which are often rooted in accounts based on Western experiences and sequences of political and economic development. In particular, the chapter highlights how analyzing party-building dynamics on the uneven playing field, a hallmark of competitive authoritarianism, contributes to our understanding of why politicians would form parties that are not election-oriented but nevertheless find them worthwhile vehicles for political advancement, as is sometimes the case in Senegal. It also helps us account for proliferation, which theories of party-building in democracies and dominant-party autocracies do not predict.
Cloud scattering impact on thermal radiative transfer and global longwave radiation

The potential importance of longwave (LW) cloud scattering has been recognized but the actual estimate of this effect on thermal radiation varies greatly among different studies. General circulation models (GCMs) generally neglect or simplify the multiple scattering in the LW. In this study, we use a rigorous radiative transfer algorithm to explicitly consider LW multiple-scattering and apply the GCM to quantify the impact of cloud LW scattering on thermal radiation fluxes. Our study shows that the cloud scattering effect on downward thermal radiation at the surface is concentrated in the infrared atmospheric window spectrum (800-1250 cm-1). The scattering effect on the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is also present in the window region over low clouds but it is mainly in the far-infrared spectrum (300-600 cm-1) over high clouds. For clouds with small to moderate optical depth (τ < 10), the scattering effect on thermal fluxes shows large variation with the cloud τ and has a maximum at an optical depth of ~3. For opaque clouds, the scattering effect approaches an asymptote and is smaller and less important. The 2-stream radiative transfer scheme could have an error over 10% with an RMS error around 3.5%-4.0% in the calculated LW flux. This algorithm error of the 2-stream approximation could readily exceed the no-scattering error in the LW, and thus it is worthless to include the time-consuming computation of multiple scattering in a 2-stream radiative transfer scheme. However, the calculation error rapidly decreases as stream number increases and the RMS error in LW flux using the 4-stream scheme is under 0.3%, an accuracy sufficient for most climate studies. We implement the 4-stream discrete-ordinate algorithm in the GISS GCM and run the GCM for 20 years with and without the LW scattering effect, respectively. When cloud LW scattering is included, we find that the global annual mean OLR is reduced by 2.7 W/m2, and the downward surface flux and the net atmospheric absorption are increased by 1.6 W/m2 and 1.8 W/m2, respectively. Using one year of ISCCP clouds and running the standalone radiative transfer offline, the global annual mean non-scattering errors in OLR, surface LW downward flux and net atmospheric absorption are 3.6W/m2, -1.1 W/m2, and -2.5 W/m2, respectively. The global scattering impact of 2.7 W/m2 on the OLR is small when compared to the typical global OLR value of 240W/m2, but it is significant when compared to cloud LW radiative forcing (30W/m2) and net cloud forcing (-14W/m2). Overall, the effect of neglecting scattering on the thermal fluxes is comparable to the reported clear sky radiative effect of doubling CO2.