cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mafic and ultramafic inclusion suites from the Rio Grande rift (New Mexico) and their bearing on the composition and thermal state of the lithosphere

Abstract Mafic and ultramafic inclusions from Abiquiu, from Cieneguilla, and from Elephant Butte in the northern and central Rio Grande rift in New Mexico have been examined in detail. The type and variety of inclusions differ greatly at each site: at Abiquiu, the inclusions consist of pyroxenite and megacrysts of plagioclase and orthopyroxene; at Cieneguilla, primarily harzburgite, minor granulite, and megacrysts of magnetite and clinopyroxene are present; and at Elephant Butte spinel lherzolite, granulite, clinopyroxenite, and megacrysts of spinel, magnetite, clinopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase occur. Mineral chemistry and textures indicate that the lithic inclusions (excluding lherzolite and harzburgite) represent fragments of several separate intrusive bodies of different bulk composition located at different depths in the lithosphere. Inclusions with igneous textures were derived from mafic intrusions in the lower crust or upper mantle. Such intrusions may be part of a wedge of mafic rocks emplaced into the lithosphere above a mantle diapir associated with rifting. Granulite with metamorphic texture was probably derived from the uppermost mantle and may have been part of the pre-existing lithosphere, or possibly was an early component of the mafic wedge which was subsequently recrystallized. Spinel-bearing lherzolite and harzburgite are probably accidental fragments of mantle country rock. Megacrysts have compositions similar to the same phases in associated pyroxenite and granulite. Their origin is related to high-pressure crystallization of mafic magmas, but whether as phenocrysts from their host or as (now disaggregated) pegmatites from magmas of the same eruptive episode, cannot in general be determined. ( P,T ) conditions at depth can best be estimated for the Elephant Butte suite of inclusions. Spinel lherzolite indicates equilibration temperatures of 935–1030°C at pressures of 14–20 kbar; spinel-two-pyroxene granulite yields 900–980°C at 6–13 kb. A best fit geothermal gradient passes through 1000°C at 50 km, which is significantly higher than the oceanic geotherm. When compared to gradients calculated from surface heat flow data, these data suggest that the geotherm beneath the rift is non-steady state and that the high observed surface heat flow results from shallow (
Iron Deficiency Decreases Mitochondrial Aconitase Abundance and Citrate Concentration without Affecting Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Capacity in Rat Liver

Mitochondrial aconitase (m-acon) is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme that converts citrate to isocitrate. m-Acon mRNA is a potential target for regulation by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), suggesting a link between dietary iron intake, m-acon synthesis, and energy metabolism. Our previous studies indicate that m-acon is one of a limited number of proteins that is down-regulated in iron-deficient liver. Here we use isolated hepatocytes to study the relationships among decreased m-acon abundance, TCA cycle function and cellular citrate concentration in iron deficiency. Rats were fed an iron-deficient (ID) (2 mg Fe/kg diet) diet, or they were pair-fed (PF) or freely fed (C) a control diet (50 mg Fe/kg diet) for up to 21 d. Hepatocyte total IRP activity was greater by d 2 in the ID group than in the C and PF groups and by d 10, the difference was maximal. Liver IRP activity was inversely correlated with m-acon abundance (r = -0.93, P < 0.0001). However, the decrease in m-acon abundance did not affect the ability of hepatocytes to oxidize 2-[(14)C]pyruvate or 1-[(14)C]acetate, indicating that TCA cycle capacity was not affected. Interestingly, by d 21, total liver citrate concentration was 40% lower in ID than in PF rats, suggesting enhanced utilization of citrate. However, the decrease in citrate concentration was not reflected in a change in liver total lipid concentration. Taken together, our results indicate that the iron-dependent regulation of m-acon in liver does not alter TCA cycle capacity but suggest that IRP-mediated changes in m-acon expression may modulate citrate use in other aspects of intermediary or iron metabolism.
Successful Strategies for Integrating Bedside Ultrasound Into Undergraduate Medical Education

ABSTRACT Nearly all physician specialties currently utilize bedside ultrasound, and its applications continue to expand. Bedside ultrasound is becoming a core skill for physicians; as such, it should be taught during undergraduate medical education. When ultrasound is integrated in a longitudinal manner beginning in the preclerkship phase of medical school, it not only enhances teaching the basic science topics of anatomy, physiology, and pathology but also ties those skills and knowledge to the clerkship phase and medical decision-making. Bedside ultrasound is a natural bridge from basic science to clinical science. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine is currently in its fourth year of implementing an integrated ultrasound curriculum in the school of medicine. In our experience, successful integration of a bedside ultrasound curriculum should: align with unique focuses of a medical schools' mission, simplify complex anatomy through multimodal teac...
The effect of topical intraperitoneal bupivacaine on post-operative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

SummaryLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with less patient discomfort, shorter hospital stays and more rapid return to work than open cholecystectomy. Nevertheless, it is not a pain free procedure. Peritoneal irritation at the time of surgery can cause significant pain. Topical instillation of local anaesthetics reduces post-operative pain following diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic tubal ligations. A similar benefit has not been demonstrated in upper abdominal laparoscopic procedures. This study was designed to assess the effect on post-operative pain of 30 cc of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200000 epinephrine administered at the completion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed on 46 patients, 23 of whom received bupivacaine and 23 received saline. Post-operative pain was assessed by reviewing nursing records and by analysis of analgesic requirements of each patient. In patients receiving bupivacaine, analgesic requirement was significantly lower at 4–8 h a...
Who Moved Your Cheese? Confessions of a Rat

The care and feeding of ABA/AALS Site Inspection Teams becomes critical every seven years in the life of a law school. Because of the annual turnover in our ranks, many deans have yet to experience the unique combination of terror and fatigue that is a site inspection. For the purposes of this essay, we will not dwell on the benefits to the legal profession and society that flow from regulating law schools, much less propose lessening the regulatory detail or argue that a ten-year cycle makes more sense -- equally self-evident propositions. Nor will we discuss the self-unfulfilling circular flight pattern of schools seeking provisional approval. If your school is facing an inspection in the next two years, there is still time to plan for a successful team visit; don't worry, I'll tell you when to panic. If your school faces an inspection during this academic year, panic.
3D modeling of a smart power device

Solid state devices are increasingly being used in the automobile industry, both as sensors and actuators. An accelerometer for crash detection in automobile, for example, was described in Chapter 20 of this Volume. In this chapter we shall consider a smart power device used for fuel injection. This is a 3D device. The power devices reside within the top few microns of the silicon substrate of the chip, are arranged in interdigitated fingers, as shown in Figure 22.1, and number in the thousands per chip. Heat generated by the devices poses a significant problem and must be conducted away quickly enough to prevent thermal runaway and burnout failure. On June 3, 1993 Leonard Borucki from Motorola described the device and developed a mathematical model. The problem can be formulated as a nonlinear time dependent heat equation with a source term in the fingers. Significant computational resources and time are required to calculate the location and magnitude of the temperature maximum, where failure is likely to occur first. A problem posed by Borucki is whether analytic methods can provide, more quickly, estimates of the maximum temperature.
Lower might be better – It matters how you get there, and in whom

This editorial refers to ‘Percent reduction in LDL cholesterol following high-intensity statin therapy: potential implications for guidelines and for the prescription of emerging lipid-lowering agents’[†][1], by P.M. Ridker et al ., on page 1373. Cholesterol treatment guidelines will continue evolving as new evidence emerges from randomized trials. Statins have been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in progressively lower risk patient populations with progressively lower entry and on-treatment LDL-cholesterol (LDC-C) levels. This evidence was interpreted to support further reductions in LDL-C treatment goals.1,2 When trials demonstrated that high intensity statins reduced cardiovascular events more than moderate intensity statins, some guidelines recommended a ≥50% LDL-C reduction as an alternative treatment objective for high risk patients, reflecting the average reduction in LDL-C expected from high intensity statins.2–4 However, substantial heterogeneity in treatment response has been reported. In a meta-analysis of eight cardiovascular outcomes trials by Boekholdt et al ., approximately half of patients obtained a ≥50% reduction in LDL-C with a high intensity statin.5 Greater relative risk reductions (RRRs) occurred with progressively lower achieved LDL-C, with the greatest RRR when LDL-C was <1.3 mmol (50 mg/dL).5 The post-hoc analysis of the Justification for the Use of statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) by Ridker et al . in this issue of the journal extends this literature by exploring the relationship between percentage LDL-C reduction with the high intensity statin, rosuvastatin 20 mg, and reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events.6 Percentage LDL-C changes with rosuvastatin ranged from modest increases to >80% reductions in LDL-C, with 46% experiencing a ≥50% reduction in LDL-C. Heterogeneity in … [1]: #fn-2
Application of Continuous Flow Micromixing Reactor Technology for Synthesis of Benzimidazole Drugs

Synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds by employing continuous flow micromixing reactor technology is an interesting research area. In this article we describe the synthesis of benzimidazol...
Prostaglandin cytoprotection does not involve interference with aspirin absorption.

SummaryAcute gastric mucosal lesions were produced in pylorus-ligated rats by the intragastric instillation of an aspirin-acid solution. Prior administration of 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 s.c. decreased lesion formation but did not affect gastric mucosal salicylate concentration. The cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin does not involve inhibition of entry of aspirin into the gastric mucosal cells.This work was supported by Grant 17328 from the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases to CURE (Center for Ulcer Research and Education) and Veterans Administration Research Funds. The authors are indebted to Dr. Dorothea Aures for advice concerning the salicylate analysis. The authors are grateful for the secretarial assistance of Donna Jump.
Optical coherence tomography: an emerging biomedical imaging modality

Optical coherence tomography is a promising new imaging technology for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Preliminary and ongoing investigations demonstrate the potential to improve diagnosis of dysplasia and early cancer. Computer-aided diagnosis improves EOCT diagnostic accuracy and will enable screening procedures. Further improvements in technology and technique will enhance diagnostic accuracy.
The Effect of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine Infusion on the Patient Controlled Intravenous Analgesia

Objective: To observe the effects of different doses of intravenous dexmedetomidine on postoperative fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia of patients undergoing the total hip replacement with endotracheal general anesthesia. Methods: 60 patients undergoing total hip replacement, ASA I- II, aged 47 to 78 y, weight 42 ~ 79 kg, were divided randomly into three groups(n=20): group C(saline group), group D1(dexmedetomidine group of 0.5 μg/kg) and group D2(dex medetomidine group of 1 μg/kg), at 1 hour before the end of operation, groups were given saline and dexmedetomidine. The fentanyl patient-controlled intravenous analgesia were used for postoperative analgesia for 24 h. Record the fentanyl comsumption for 2 h, 2~6 h, 6~12 h, 12~24 h; The VAS score was used to assess patients' pain at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h postoperative; Record the nausea and vomiting, skin itching and excessive sedation during the analgesia. Results: The fentanyl comsumption 2 h and 2~6 h postoperatively in group D1 and group D2 was less than that in group C(P0.05), but there was no difference between group D1 and group D2(P0.05); there was no difference in analgesia fentanyl comsumption in 6~12 h or 12~24 h postoperatively(P0.05). The VAS score of postoperative 2 h and 2~6 h in group D1 and group D2 were decreased when compared with group C(P0.05), and between group D1 and group D2, there was no difference(P0.05); the VAS score of the three groups in postoperative 6~12 h and 12~24 h, presented no difference(P0.05). Compared with group C, the incidence of nausea and vomiting in group D1 and group D2 was decreased(P 0.05), the other adverse reaction has no difference between every two groups(P0.05). Conclusion: For the total hip replacement patients undergoing the endotracheal general anesthesia,intraoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine can enhance the analgesic effect of fentanyl and reduce the fentanyl comsumption during the first 6 hours postoperatively, but increase in the dose of dexmedetomiding can not promote the effect or prolong the effective time.
Energetics of the failing heart: new insights using genetic modification in the mouse.

La modification genetique du coeur de la souris a permis d'obtenir de nouvelles et importantes informations sur de nombreux aspects de la synthese, des apports et de l'utilisation de l'ATP, et sur leurs modifications dans le coeur defaillant. Dans cet article, l'auteur passe en revue trois sujets recemment publies dans la litterature : la manipulation directe des precurseurs de la creatine, la voie reliant la creatine, les nucleotides purines et le remodelage metabolique ainsi que la reprogrammation a long terme des voies de synthese de l'ATP. Ces exemples illustrent l'interet de la deletion, de la surexpression et de la mutation de certains genes codant pour la synthese de proteines specifiques dans notre recherche de connaissance sur le metabolisme du coeur defaillant.
Female Sexual Dysfunction and Cancer

Top among the health concerns faced by female cancer patient/survivors and perhaps the area where physicians are least comfortable are those dealing with sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction in the setting of cancer includes a broad range of psychological, physical, and interpersonal issues. Common complaints include loss of libido, difficulty with arousal, dyspareunia, and anorgasmia. The following chapter will examine not only the global issues regarding female sexuality in cancer patient but also touch on nuances specific to particular cancers.
Isomorphic city: a customizable future scenario

This paper discusses a future city design and research project for Tucson, Arizona, USA. The project, Isomorphic City, set in the year 2087 develops a truly customizable and ever-adapting computational approach to the existing built environment. Part of the challenge was to design digital methodologies that could simulate this scenario in as live a way as possible, incorporating real-time, live data into the equation, ranging from environmental criteria to social media information. Form was the result of inputted parameters verses the making of form in a traditional objectlike fashion. The project anticipates a shift of simulating the urban condition with a rule based set of criteria to a more human agent-based approach based on collective intelligence and social behaviour patterns.
Biaxial Properties of the Left and Right Pulmonary Arteries in a Monocrotaline Rat Animal Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

In a monocrotaline (MCT) induced-pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) rat animal model, the dynamic stress-strain relation was investigated in the circumferential and axial directions using a linear elastic response model within the quasi-linear viscoelasticity theory framework. Right and left pulmonary arterial segments (RPA and LPA) were mechanically tested in a tubular biaxial device at the early stage (1 week post-MCT treatment) and at the advanced stage of the disease (4 weeks post-MCT treatment). The vessels were tested circumferentially at the in vivo axial length with matching in vivo measured pressure ranges. Subsequently, the vessels were tested axially at the mean pulmonary arterial pressure by stretching them from in vivo plus 5% of their length. Parameter estimation showed that the LPA and RPA remodel at different rates: axially, both vessels decreased in Young's modulus at the early stage of the disease, and increased at the advanced disease stage. Circumferentially, the Young's modulus increased in advanced PAH, but it was only significant in the RPA. The damping properties also changed in PAH; in the LPA relaxation times decreased continuously as the disease progressed, while in the RPA they initially increased and then decreased. Our modeling efforts were corroborated by the restructuring organization of the fibers imaged under multiphoton microscopy, where the collagen fibers become strongly aligned to the 45 deg angle in the RPA from an uncrimped and randomly organized state. Additionally, collagen content increased almost 10% in the RPA from the placebo to advanced PAH.
Association of Iodine and Iron with Thyroid Function

Iodine and iron are essential elements for healthy thyroid function. However, little is known about the association of iron and iodine with thyroid function in the general US population. We investigated iron and iodine status in relation to concentrations of thyroid hormones. We included 7672 participants aged 20 and older from three surveys (2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum thyroid measures (including free and total T3 and T4, and TSH), serum iron concentration, and urinary iodine concentrations were measured. Multivariate linear regression models were conducted with serum thyroid measures as dependent variables and combinations of serum iron concentration and urinary iodine concentration as predictors with covariate adjustment. Logistic regression models were performed with TSH levels (low, normal, and high) and combinations of serum iron concentration and urinary iodine concentration. Overall, 10.9% of the study population had low iron; 32.2 and 18.8% had low or high iodine levels, respectively. Compared with normal levels of iron and iodine, normal iron and high iodine were associated with reduced free T3 and increased risk of abnormal high TSH. Combined low iron and low iodine was associated with reduced free T3 and increased TSH. In addition, high iodine was associated with increased risk of abnormal high TSH in females but not in males. Thyroid function may be disrupted by low levels of iron or abnormal iodine, and relationships are complex and sex-specific. Large prospective studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which iron interacts with iodine on thyroid function.
A statewide screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) curriculum for medical residents: Differential implementation strategies in heterogeneous medical residency programs

ABSTRACTBackground: Many screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) training curricula have been implemented within graduate medical residency training programs, with varying degrees of success. The authors examined the implementation of a uniform, but adaptable, statewide SBIRT curriculum in 7 diverse residency training programs and whether it could improve resident knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding SBIRT and unhealthy alcohol and other drug (AOD) use. Methods: The authors assessed the implementation of the Pennsylvania SBIRT Medical and Residency Training (SMaRT) curriculum at 7 residency sites training a variety of disciplines. Faculty could use a variety of training modalities, including (1) Web-based self-directed modules; (2) didactic lectures; (3) small-group sessions; and/or (4) skill-transfer interactions with standardized or real patients in preceptor-led encounters. Acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding SBIRT and unhealthy AOD use–associated pa...
Evaluation and Lifetime Management of the Urinary Tract in Patients with Myelomeningocele.

In the United States, there are an estimated 25,000 children ages 0 to 19 years and about 166,000 of all ages currently affected by spina bifida. Management is multimodal and can be complex. Management techniques vary throughout a child's lifetime, but the goals remain the same: prevention of urinary tract infections and establishing acceptable continence. Continence is addressed as the child reaches school age. Additional considerations such as development of urolithiasis and the associated burden are highlighted in adolescence and into adulthood. These complex medical needs become more challenging as patients age and need to transition to adult providers.
Rousseau's Ethics of Truth: A Sublime Science of Simple Souls

ROUSSEAU’S ETHICS OF TRUTH - A SUBLIME SCIENCE OF SIMPLE SOULS Resumo: este artigo e um resumo do livro com o mesmo titulo, publicado pelas edicoes da Routledge, nos Estados Unidos. Tanto no livro quanto neste artigo, o autor pretende discutir a coerencia dos textos de Rousseau, na qual e possivel prospectar uma "etica da verdade" cujo objetivo seja alcancar um vinculo de comunhao com as pessoas e com as coisas. O autor tenta ainda discutir as implicacoes da etica da verdade de Rousseau sobre o nosso sentido de si mesmo e o sentido de existencia no mundo. Palavras-chave: Rousseau. Etica. Verdade. Filosofia. Abstract: This paper is a summary of the book published by Routledge in the United States. The author aims to discuss the coherence of Rousseau’s texts thought which it is possible to prospect an “ethics of truth”, so to achieve a communion bond with people and things. The author tries also to discuss the implications of Rousseau’s ethics of truth on our sense of self and the implications in the real existence in the world. Keywords: Rousseau. Ethics. Truth. Philosophy.
A microchannel heat sink with alternating directions of water flow in adjacent channels

A microchannel heat sink design, with alternating directions of coolant flow in adjacent channels, yields improved uniformity in thermal resistance. A thermal resistance of 0.1 1°C cm2/W was demonstrated for a heated area < 2 cm2. With this design, comparable performance is feasible in channels up to 10 cm long with spatial variation in the resistance <6%.
How Faults Accommodate Plate Motion

At many geologic plate boundaries, the two plates both move toward one another and slide past one another. In these cases, the motion is usually partitioned such that one fault accommodates horizontal slip, while another accommodates vertical slip. In his Perspective, [Jones][1] explains how this "slip partitioning" arises. He highlights the reports by [ Eberhart-Phillips et al .][2] and [ Bowman et al .][3], who shed light on the complex fault geometries in Alaska, southern California, and Asia. The motions at these faults present some of the largest geologic threats to humanity. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5622/1105 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/300/5622/1113 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/300/5622/1121
FUEL CELL–BATTERY POWER SOURCES

ABSTRACT Fuel cells now being developed are not replacing batteries, but are assisting secondary batteries in fuel cell—battery hybrid configurations to power a wide range of portable communications and surveillance equipment. The secondary battery provides the required power density and the instantly available power while the fuel cell efficiently converts a primary fuel to electrical power at a continuous steady rate to provide extremely high energy densities over extended missions.
Effect of antiretroviral therapy on allele-associated Lp(a) level in women with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study

We previously demonstrated an association between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels and atherosclerosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women. The effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on Lp(a) levels in relation to apo(a) size polymorphism remain unclear. ART effects on allele-specific apo(a) level (ASL), an Lp(a) level associated with individual apo(a) alleles within each allele-pair, were determined in 126 HIV-seropositive women. ART effects were tested by a mixed-effects model across pre-ART and post-ART first and third visits. Data from 120 HIV-seronegative women were used. The mean age was 38 years; most were African-American (∼70%). Pre-ART ASLs associated with the larger (4.6 mg/dl vs. 8.0 mg/dl, P = 0.024) or smaller (13 mg/dl vs. 19 mg/dl, P = 0.041) apo(a) sizes were lower in the HIV-seropositive versus HIV-seronegative group, as was the prevalence of a high Lp(a) level (P = 0.013). Post-ART ASL and prevalence of high Lp(a) or apo(a) sizes and frequency of small size apo(a) (≤22 kringles) did not differ between the two groups. ART increased Lp(a) level (from 18 to 24 mg/dl, P
CURTAIN and Time to Compile: A Demonstration of an Experimental Testbed for Human-Robot Interaction

Performance is a vehicle to explore and modify audience experiences. The design of expressive robotic systems shares a similar goal. Toward the end of uniting these two approaches, this paper presents a collaborative academic and artistic effort to design an experimental testbed for studying human perceptions of robots, and changes therein, through dance performance. The elements of the testbed design, which allow for multiple audience experiences inside the same live event, will be outlined. Then, one instantiation of a performance using this testbed design will be summarized. In developing this testbed and instantiation, synergistic academic and artistic goals included measuring the audience's initial perception of existing technologies and further priming the audience about these technologies through the performance. These perceptions were framed through the lenses of power, valence, and acceptability; comparisons between the Rethink Robotics Baxter, Softbank NAO, and a human performer are presented. This piece (and excerpts of it) will be used to gather audience perceptions at multiple events to bring lay audience members the experience of robotics researchers and understand how that modifies their impressions of these systems.
Reciprocity in weathering exposure and the kinetics of property degradation

Abstract If the kinetics of degradation scaled in a simple way, accelerated testing could be correlated to the more moderate natural world and one could estimate service life. “Reciprocity” requires that degradation is simply proportional to the integral product of radiation intensity and time and is observed in spectroscopic studies but is difficult to observe in experimental studies of end-use properties. It is difficult to justify when there is more than one ingredient or more than one process contributing to the performance, e.g. corrosion protection, because not all the mechanisms involved depend in the same way on the environment. However, reciprocity remains a very appealing concept. Instead of using weathering data, this investigation explores simple chemical kinetics so algebraic equations show when reciprocity might be applicable. The approach also demonstrates how correlation of accelerated weathering and natural exposure will fail when the different exposures provoke different material characteristics, e.g. due to temperature differences. Assuming damage accumulation is stochastic, models generate realistic trends for performance properties without invoking complicated chemical kinetics. The trend in a property may retain reciprocity regardless of whether it depends on simultaneous degradation, the average degradation or its extremum value. While it is not predictive for all properties or circumstances, reciprocity is an intuitive and useful approximation for more than spectroscopy of degradation.
The Transcripts of the JAFC Trial as an Extended Conversation: Words, Sentences, and Speech Acts

The trial of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAFC) lasted many days and resulted in eight volumes of transcripts. It was, in effect, an extended conversation between and among 15 – later 14 – de...
Pathologic Complete Response After Chemoradiation of a Massive Primary Urethral Carcinoma.

Abstract Purpose To describe a notable response to chemoradiation in a patient with locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the urethra. Materials and Methods Records reviewed of 60-year-old man with 15.3cm squamous cell cancer of the urethra. Treatment response assessed radiographically and pathologically, and post-treatment clinical status determined. Results Patient received 73.8 Gy plus concurrent cisplatin and 5-FU, followed by consolidative surgery. Patient had pathological complete response and remains radiographically disease-free at 28 months. Conclusion Consolidative surgery may be unnecessary even for large squamous cell carcinomas of the urethra following chemoradiation.
Expectations for commercial adoption of new heavy metal bioremediation technologies

The failure of the government of the United States to recognise the consequences of environmental pollution on Federal lands alone early enough has resulted in damage which will now cost upwards of $450 billion to repair. Likewise, the cost associated with finding remedies to pollution problems left behind on non-Federal lands adds another $1.25 trillion to the total cost if conventional approaches are used to remediation [1]. Bioremediation, shown to offer less expensive low-impact alternative and/or supplemental solutions at petroleum contaminated sites, may also provide ample opportunities for clean-up of metal-contaminated sites as well. Figure 1 shows the expected performance of an innovative technology compared with a current technology for metal removal at a contaminated site. Biotechnology applications are expected to exceed the performance of current technologies and, of course, they must if they are to compete.
Mental and reproductive health in multisystem youth: An in-depth qualitative approach

Abstract Background Multisystem youth involved in both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems report elevated rates of risky sexual behaviors, associated health problems as well as having a disproportionally higher risk for concurrent mental health disorders. Objective The current study aimed to provide in-depth nuanced insights about mental and reproductive needs and challenges of multisystem youth using a multi-informant approach (youth, parole/probation officers). Participants and setting Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with multisystem youth (N = 15; 14–17-years-old; 40% females) and parole/probation officers (N = 20; 35–67-years-old; 33% females) working with foster care and juvenile justice systems. Methods Informed by Socio-Ecological Theory, analyses were conducted using Thematic Network Analysis (TNA) and qualitative software Atlas.ti.7. Results Youth and parole/probation officers identified key challenges related to mental health (e.g., criminalization of behaviors, unstandardized screening procedures), reproductive health (e.g., abnormalization of sexual behaviors, lack of parenting and comprehensive reproductive services), and shared challenges across systems (e.g., lack of data sharing across systems, overuse of “crisis” procedures, lack of trauma-informed providers and services). Conclusions Multisystem youth have significant mental and reproductive health needs that are not adequately met mostly due to system and institutional challenges, differences in protocols, and discontinuance of services and treatment across systems among other problems. Mental and reproductive health disparities are key factors in stigmatization, criminalization and further victimization of youth across systems. Multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral partnerships are key to advance service, protocols and procedural gaps that address the mental and reproductive health needs of multisystem youth.
Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich food as antioxidants in bone pathology

Abstract As the population ages, bone health is becoming a rising concern. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in the pathology of bone disease. Anthocyanins are bioactive plant compounds found in blue, red, and purple produce that have known antioxidant properties and have been investigated for their role in promoting bone health. In this chapter, recent cell, animal, and human studies assessing the effect of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich foods on bone health are reviewed. Animal and cell studies suggest that anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich foods can inhibit osteoclast activity and differentiation as well as promote osteoblast function, likely related to the antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of anthocyanins. Findings from the scant amount of human studies are less consistent, highlighting the need for additional intervention and epidemiologic studies.
Covid-19 and feminism in the Global South: Challenges, initiatives and dilemmas

The article addresses the gendered implications of Covid-19 in the Global South by paying attention to the intersectional pre-existing inequalities that have given rise to specific risks and vulner...
Coalitions and coordination in Washington think tanks: board interlock among Washington D.C.-based policy research and planning organizations

Think tanks have become central players in the political and policy ecosystem of the United States, yet the communication and coordination strategies and connections between them remain relatively unexamined. This paper begins to remedy that by using IRS 990 data to construct and analyze the largest board interlock network among policy planning organizations to date. An analysis of 277 policy research organizations located in Washington D.C. reveals high levels of resource seeking, issue-area coordination and weak evidence of ideological coordination among these substantively important organizations in American politics.
Complete Class Results For Linear Regression Designs Over The Multi-Dimensional Cube

Complete classes of designs and of moment matrices for linear regression over the multi-dimensional unit cube 3-represented. An essentially complete class of designs comprises the uniform distributions on the vertices with a fixed number of entries being equal to unity, and mixtures of neighboring such designs. The corresponding class of moment matrices is minimally complete. The derivation is built on information increasing orderings, that is, a superposition of the majorization ordering generated by the permutation groups, and the Loewner ordering of symmetric matches.
On the statistics of electrochemical nucleation application of the non-homogeneous poisson distribution

Abstract When the rate of formation of electrochemical nuclei is a function of time, the appropriate statistics are those of the non-homogeneous Poisson distribution. Its explicit form is derived, and its relation to the usual Poisson statistics indicated. The application of the non-homogeneous Poisson formalism to experimental data is illustrated, including a method to estimate the stoichiometry of the critical nucleus.
Comparison of brain gray and white matter macromolecule resonances at 3 and 7 Tesla

Purpose In proton MR spectra of the human brain, relatively broad macromolecule (MM) resonances underlie the narrower signals from metabolites. The purpose of this study was to quantify the MM profile in healthy human brain at 3T and 7T, both in gray matter (anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]) and white matter (centrum semiovale [CSO]). Methods A water-suppressed, inversion-recovery pulse sequence was used to null metabolite signals and acquire MM spectra in 20 healthy volunteers using very similar methodology at both field strengths (n = 5 per region and field). The MM spectra were fitted with multiple Gaussian functions and quantified relative to the unsuppressed water signal from the same volume. Results MM proton concentration values were in the range of 5–20 mmol/kg. No significant differences were found between the MM proton concentration measurements by region (P ≈ 0.8) nor by field strength (P ≈ 0.5). Linewidths of the well-resolved M1 peak were slightly more than double at 7T (43.0 ± 4.7 Hz in ACC, 45.6 ± 4.1 Hz in CSO) compared with 3T (19.8 ± 3.5 Hz in ACC, 20.0 ± 4.3 Hz in CSO). Conclusion The absence of differences in MM concentrations between white and gray matter implies that a single MM “baseline” may be adequate for spectral fitting of multiple brain regions when determining metabolite concentrations. Visibility of MM signals is similar at 3T and 7T. Magn Reson Med 74:607–613, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Electronic Medical Record Intervention Increased Nursing Home Advance Directive Orders and Documentation

OBJECTIVES: To develop an electronic medical record intervention to improve documentation of patient preferences about life-sustaining care, detail of resuscitation and treatment-limiting orders, and concordance between these orders and patient preferences. DESIGN: Prospective before–after intervention trial. SETTING: Veterans Affairs nursing home with an electronic medical record for all clinical information, including clinician orders. PARTICIPANTS: All 224 nursing home admissions from May 1 to October 31, 2004. MEASUREMENTS: Completion of an advance directive discussion note by the primary clinician, clinician orders about resuscitation and other life-sustaining treatments, and concordance between these orders and documented patient preferences. INTERVENTION: The electronic medical record was modified so that an admission order would specify resuscitation status. Additionally, the intervention alerted the primary clinician to complete a templated advance directive discussion note for documentation of life-sustaining treatment preferences. RESULTS: Primary clinicians completed an advance directive discussion note for five of 117 (4%) admissions pre-intervention and 67 of 107 (63%) admissions post-intervention (P<.001). In multivariate analysis, the intervention was independently associated with advance directive discussion note completion (odds ratio=42, 95% confidence interval=15–120). Of patients who preferred do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status, a DNR order was written for 86% pre-intervention versus 98% post-intervention (P=.07); orders to limit other life-sustaining treatments were written for 16% and 40%, respectively (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: A targeted electronic medical record intervention increased completion of advance directive discussion notes in seriously ill patients. For patients who preferred DNR status, the intervention also increased the frequency of DNR orders and of orders to limit other life-sustaining treatments.
In situ deposition and ultrahigh vacuum STM/AFM study of V2O5/Li3PO4 interface in a rechargeable lithium-ion battery

A thin-film solid-state battery was prepared with a vanadium pentoxide cathode and a lithium phosphate electrolyte and studied in situ by ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope/atomic force microscopy (STM/AFM). Orientation of the (001) plane of V 2 O 5 parallel to the substrate was detected via observation of the periodicity of 11.7 ± 0.5 A, which is consistent with the unit cell spacing in the direction. Conductance of the battery was studied locally with the probe tip of the STM/AFM in the regime of mechanical contact with a constant repulsive force. Lateral variation of contact conductance from 0.4 to 2.2 nA was detected as a function of position of the tip in contact with the cathode. The device revealed an extremely high current density of I A/cm 2 due to the low thickness of the electrolyte and the cathode and the concentration of electric field under the scanning probe microscope tip. Transformation of cathode structure due to Li ion intercalation was observed in real time.
Joinder of Tort Claims in Divorce Actions

Laws governing relations between spouses have undergone profound changes that continue to revolutionize the standards and procedures for dissolutions of marriage. The most dramatic changes in divorce law have come from the advent of no-fault divorce, the decline in spousal maintenance awards, and the abolition of inter-spousal tort immunity. Ongoing changes include movements to integrate family courts as a separate judicial system and to incorporate alternative dispute resolution into that system. These transformations have been based in part on changes in how society views divorce and, on the way the legal system views the family. As a result, more couples can divorce quickly, inexpensively, and with a minimum of rancor. Despite these dramatic changes, however, a number of divorces still occur the old fashioned way - with an extended, adversarial fight over fault and financial distribution. One question facing the legal system in this climate is the extent to which divorce should be the last battle - bloody, wide-ranging, but final - or simply the first step in an ongoing war. An important issue in resolving this question is the extent to which a spouse may or must join in a divorce action any tort claims he or she may have against the other spouse. Rather than viewing interspousal torts claimants as economic game players, this article notes that the vast majority of tort claimants are abused spouses and assumes that these claimants are making their litigation choices during divorce as emotional, even irrational, actors. This assumption requires different responses when deciding whether tort claims must or may be joined with divorce actions. This article addresses that policy question by surveying the current state of the law regarding the effects of claim preclusion (res judicata) in a divorce proceeding. Some history of the role of fault in judicial resolution of spousal disputes is examined. The three major approaches to joinder of tort claims are identified and critiqued. This article posits that, on a policy basis, family court judges should have the discretion to allow, but not to require, joinder of tort claims in divorce proceedings. This responds to the needs of the litigants may be emotionally unable or unwilling to bring tort actions during the tumultuous and dangerous time of divorce. For those litigants who do wish to resolve all issues at once, however, this approach allows for that efficiency.
Moving target morphology in bistatic SAR imagery

Moving targets appear smeared or displaced in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. In this paper, we present equations that describe moving target morphology in bistatic SAR images. These equations show the relationship between the velocity of a moving target and the positioning errors in bistatic SAR images. Our analysis is valid under arbitrary imaging geometries and can be used to estimate target velocity and to reconstruct focused target images. We show that the errors predicted by our analysis agree with the measured results in numerical simulations.
Analysis of Cd1-xZnxTe microstructure

The microstructure and chemical inhomogeneities of commercially available Cd1-xZnxTe (CZT) have been evaluated using electron microscopy and microanalytical techniques. Since imperfections, such as inclusions, cracks and extended crystallographic defects are known to affect the performance of CZT gamma-ray spectrometers, understanding the nature and origins of such imperfections is vital to the improvement of device performance. CZT that is grown using a high-pressure Bridgeman method has a polycrystalline microstructure containing numerous grain boundaries, twins and inclusions. In this study, scanning electron microscopy and x- ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze inclusions and cracks inside CZT material. Such analysis found regions of material rich in C, O, Si, Zn, and Te. Transmission electron microscopy revealed small subgrains and thin platelets of a second phase material located inside the large- grain CZT matrix. Details of these microstructural features and their possible origins are discussed.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stellar Debris Streams: New Probes of Galactic Structure and Formation

Stellar debris streams provide us with a powerful new means of probing the three-dimensional structure and evolution of the Galaxy. Fourteen “distant” halo streams have been discovered to date, and by their length and continuity, they demonstrate that such streams are long-lived structures. Being relatively nearby, we can accurately measure the positions and motions of individual stars in these streams and use them to construct a history of past accretion events and of the underlying potential field in which they orbit. We briefly discuss these streams and the insights they have given us to date. With the capabilities of new facilities coming on line or in development, we can look forward to an era of continued discovery and a much more detailed understanding of galactic structure and formation.
An improved probability mapping approach to assess genome mosaicism

Maximum likelihood and posterior probability mapping are useful visualization techniques that are used to ascertain the mosaic nature of prokaryotic genomes. However, posterior probabilities, especially when calculated for four-taxon cases, tend to overestimate the support for tree topologies. Furthermore, because of poor taxon sampling four-taxon analyses suffer from sensitivity to the long branch attraction artifact. Here we extend the probability mapping approach by improving taxon sampling of the analyzed datasets, and by using bootstrap support values, a more conservative tool to assess reliability. Quartets of orthologous proteins were complemented with homologs from selected reference genomes. The mapping of bootstrap support values from these extended datasets gives results similar to the original maximum likelihood and posterior probability mapping. The more conservative nature of the plotted support values allows to focus further analyses on those protein families that strongly disagree with the majority or plurality of genes present in the analyzed genomes. Posterior probability is a non-conservative measure for support, and posterior probability mapping only provides a quick estimation of phylogenetic information content of four genomes. This approach can be utilized as a pre-screen to select genes that might have been horizontally transferred. Better taxon sampling combined with subtree analyses prevents the inconsistencies associated with four-taxon analyses, but retains the power of visual representation. Nevertheless, a case-by-case inspection of individual multi-taxon phylogenies remains necessary to differentiate unrecognized paralogy and shared phylogenetic reconstruction artifacts from horizontal gene transfer events.