cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In premenopausal women with recurrent cystitis, increasing water intake for 12 months reduced recurrence.

Source Citation Hooton TM, Vecchio M, Iroz A, et al. Effect of increased daily water intake in premenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern ...
Beyond Refills: Promoting Adherence to Optimize Outcomes

In this chapter, we describe the problem of low adherence to asthma self-management behaviors and discuss the multiple factors, such as psychosocial, functional, and cognitive, that may lead to intentional or nonintentional nonadherence to medications. We then discuss a variety of tools and strategies that clinicians and health systems can employ to assess and address patients that are nonadherent to self-management.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Pediatric Oncology: Flexible Application of Core Principles

Children and adolescents with cancer are at risk for a host of social, emotional, and behavioral issues given the impact of their disease and treatment on all domains of their lives. Experts agree that children with cancer should have access to psychosocial interventions to mitigate these difficulties. Cognitive behavioral treatment strategies can be used to address these challenges and serve as a nonpharmacological intervention for pain and other physical side effects in this population. Treatment planning with flexibility is key as adaptations to CBT will be necessary to best serve children with cancer and their families. However, with some tailoring, fundamental CBT components can be utilized and have been shown to be effective. This chapter highlights many of the common concerns arising for children with cancer and provides suggestions for how to address them from a CBT framework sensitively and effectively while avoiding pitfalls and making appropriate modifications.
Stochastic Model for Predicting Subsidence

A stochastic model for predicting the subsidence of a granular medium is presented. The mathematics prove amenable in the case of small subsidence, and explicit expressions for the average subsidence, and variance of the subsidence, are derived, as functions of the statistics of the particle size distribution and the angle of repose of the medium under consideration. Time is eliminated as a variable by examining the subsidence only after motion has ceased. The analogy of this problem to certain results in the theory of Brownian motion is explained in terms of this model.
Administración pública de nepantla: Transforming public administrators from ‘gatekeepers’ to ‘border crossers’

This article explores how Gloria Anzaldua’s (1987) La Frontera/Borderlands theory can enable the field of public administration with conceptual and practical resources for responding to complex pol...
Achalasia subtypes can be identified with functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) panometry using a supervised machine learning process

Background Achalasia subtypes on high-resolution manometry (HRM) prognosticate treatment response and help direct management plan. We aimed to utilize parameters of distension-induced contractility and pressurization on functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) panometry and machine learning to predict HRM achalasia subtypes. Methods One hundred eighty adult patients with treatment-naive achalasia defined by HRM per Chicago Classification (40 type I, 99 type II, 41 type III achalasia) who underwent FLIP panometry were included: 140 patients were used as the training cohort and 40 patients as the test cohort. FLIP panometry studies performed with 16-cm FLIP assemblies were retrospectively analyzed to assess distensive pressure and distension-induced esophageal contractility. Correlation analysis, single tree, and random forest were adopted to develop classification trees to identify achalasia subtypes. Key results Intra-balloon pressure at 60 mL fill volume, and proportions of patients with absent contractile response, repetitive retrograde contractile pattern, occluding contractions, sustained occluding contractions (SOC), contraction-associated pressure changes >10 mm Hg all differed between HRM achalasia subtypes and were used to build the decision tree-based classification model. The model identified spastic (type III) vs non-spastic (types I and II) achalasia with 90% and 78% accuracy in the train and test cohorts, respectively. Achalasia subtypes I, II, and III were identified with 71% and 55% accuracy in the train and test cohorts, respectively. Conclusions and inferences Using a supervised machine learning process, a preliminary model was developed that distinguished type III achalasia from non-spastic achalasia with FLIP panometry. Further refinement of the measurements and more experience (data) may improve its ability for clinically relevant application.
Magnetic Patterning of Vorticella convallaria in a Microfluidic Device

We describe an inexpensive magnetic cell patterning method as a tool for protozoologists. The ciliate Vorticella convallaria is useful for various biofluidics applications. Here, we show that V. convallaria will ingest metal beads and that permanent magnets can be used to pattern cells in Petri dishes or a microfluidic device. Patterning is reversibly achieved by placing magnets at the point of desired cell attachment. Analogous magnetic manipulation could be performed using other phagocytic cells.
Key Technologies For Ultra-Wideband Pds Detection In Transformer Under Ac/Dc Withstand Voltage Tests, Part 3: Comments On The Anti-Interference Technology

In this paper, the author introduces the interference sources in the field PD test of transformer pulse current method in detail, and comments on the principle, advantages and disadvantages of the existing anti-interference technology of each interference source. Finally, the author puts forward the ultra wide band PD intelligent detection technology of transformer, which provides a more advanced means for the detection and evaluation of the insulation state of the electric transformer and the rheological oil paper.
Entrepreneurial Empowerment: You Are Only as Good as Your Employees

As employees are increasingly recognized as an important source of ideas and inspiration, contemporary leadership research finds that the central task of leaders is to empower employees to realize their skills and talents to achieve an organization's visions and goals. Drawing on this leadership premise, this study develops the concept of entrepreneurial empowerment (EE). EE has structural and psychological dimensions that empower employees to utilize their knowledge to solve the internal Hayekian knowledge problem. EE introduces an endogenous discovery process in which entrepreneurial leaders play a central role in empowering employees to use their localized knowledge. This entrepreneurial discovery process offers opportunities to adapt and innovate using the knowledge experiences of employees. This study underscores that a venture’s success is not tied to an entrepreneur’s inspirational ideas (or, more broadly, their asymmetric knowledge experiences), but to their ability to inspire ideas from all levels of their business hierarchy.
The Expanding Labor Dimension of US-Negotiated Regional Trade Agreements: TPP and USMCA

During the past several years, the US government has negotiated two regional trade agreements with far reaching labor provisions — the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Signed in early 2016, the TPP labor chapter enhances second-generation worker rights in several significant ways: First, the TPP obligates each party to "adopt and maintain" statutes, regulations, and practices governing acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum wages, hours of work, and occupational safety and health, as determined by that party. Second, the obligation not to waive or derogate from fundamental labor rights or conditions of work is specifically applied to special trade or customs areas such as export processing zones (EPZs). Third, the TPP obligates each government to "discourage, through initiatives it considers appropriate" the importation of goods produced by forced or compulsory labor. Signed in 2019, the USMCA contains numerous labor obligations for the United States. (These US obligations extend only to the federal level, not to the state level.) Under the USMCA labor chapter, Mexico and Canada would be able to bring cases against the US for violations of the labor rights set out in USMCA. The prospect of establishing US accountability is important because although complaints against the US are sometimes brought in the supervisory mechanisms of the International Labour Organization (ILO), when the ILO finds a US violation, the ILO has no enforcement mechanism against the US. In contrast, the USMCA would give Mexico or Canada an enforcement mechanism to levy trade sanctions against the US should the US be found to be out of compliance with the USMCA and to fail to correct that violation.
Cytologic features of small cell melanoma.

Small cell melanoma (SCM) is an aggressive variant of malignant melanoma (MM), which has been rarely described in the cytology literature. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and cytologic features of a series of cases of metastatic SCM with discussion of the differential diagnosis of metastatic SCM diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). A retrospective review of cases was performed, identifying two FNA cases and one core biopsy with touch preparation of metastatic SCM. Clinical presentation, cytomorphology features, ancillary tests, and final diagnoses were documented and analyzed. Patients ranged in age from 69 to 85 years-old. Cytomorphologic features included the presence of a monomorphic population of dispersed small round blue cells, with scant cytoplasm, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios, dense nuclear chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Acinar like arrangement (n = 2) and nuclear molding (n = 1) were also present. All cases showed diffuse positivity for the melanocytic markers SOX10 and Melan A by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expression of neuroendocrine markers was variable. Diagnosing metastatic SCM at unusual anatomic sites by FNA cytology is a challenging task, especially in patients without known prior history of melanoma. Cytomorphology of SCM is unique, differing from conventional MM in many aspects, including the presence of acinar formations and a lack of typical melanoma features, such as large cells, intracytoplasmic melanin, and macronucleoli. IHC is critical for establishing the diagnosis of SCM.
Patchwork Freedoms: Law, Slavery, and Race beyond Cuba's Plantations

In nineteenth-century Santiago de Cuba, the island of Cuba's radical cradle, Afro-descendant peasants forged freedom and devised their own formative path to emancipation. Drawing on understudied archives, this pathbreaking study unearths a new history of Black rural geography, freedom and its legalism, and offers a new framework for thinking about nineteenth-century Black freedom. Santiago de Cuba's Afro-descendant peasantries did not rely on liberal-abolitionist ideologies of freedom as a primary reference point in their struggle for rights. Instead, they negotiated their freedom and land piecemeal, through colonial legal frameworks that allowed for local custom and manumission. While gradually wearing down the institution of slavery through litigation and self-purchase, they reimagined colonial racial systems before Cuba's intellectuals had their say. Long before residents of Cuba protested for national independence and island-wide emancipation in 1868, it was the Afro-descendant peasants who, gradually and invisibly, first designed the path to emancipation.
Conflicting Discourses: A First Grade Teacher's Perceptions of Teaching with a Scripted ELA Curriculum

In this article, a case study is presented of an urban first grade teachers perceptions of teaching English language arts (ELA) within a district-mandated scripted curriculum. The teacher was observed during fifteen sessions of whole-class, 90-minute reading over two months and was interviewed four times. All curricular materials were analyzed, including the commercial ELA curriculum and the school district-supplied Common Core State Standards materials. Qualitative analyses revealed that the teacher possessed three discourses, or distinctive ways of acting, interacting, valuing, feeling...thinking, and believing (Gee, 2011, p. 177) which she accessed in order to talk about her experiences. The teachers three discourses were: (1) an academic discourse derived from her Masters program; (2) a professional discourse that developed during her career; and (3) a personal discourse that came to be throughout her life. The teachers discourses remained compartmentalized and possible reasons are explored, with implications for administrators, policy makers, and teachers in similar situations.
Formal embedding of the Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum in an Asymmetric hopper

The control of running is discussed in terms of a model called the Asymmetric Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (ASLIP), shown in Fig. 1. The ASLIP consists of a Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) with the addition of pitch dynamics, and can be used to study the sagittal plane motion of bipedal running. A hybrid controller for the ASLIP is developed that acts on two levels. In the first level, continuous in-stride control is used to stabilize the torso at a desired posture, and to create an invariant surface on which the stance dynamics of the closed-loop system is diffeomorphic to the center of mass dynamics of a SLIP. In the second level, event-based control is employed to stabilize the closed-loop hybrid system along a periodic orbit of the SLIP dynamics. These results provide a systematic framework for designing control laws with provable stability properties which take advantage of existing SLIP controllers that are known to induce elegant running motions in legged models.
Real-time energy management algorithm for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging parks involving sustainable energy

In this paper, a real-time energy management algorithm (RTEMA) for a grid-connected charging park in an industrial/commercial workplace is developed. The charging park under study involves plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with different sizes and battery ratings as well as a photovoltaic (PV) system. Statistical and forecasting models were developed as components in the developed RTEMA to model the various uncertainties involved such as the PV power, the PHEVs, arrival time, and the energy available in their batteries upon their arrival. The developed energy management algorithm aims at reducing the overall daily cost of charging the PHEVs, mitigating the impact of the charging park on the main grid, and contributing to shaving the peak of the load curve. Hence, the benefits of implementing this RTEMA is shared among the customers, the charging park considering all customers as a bulk of power connected to the grid, and the ac grid. This makes it applicable for various business models. The developed RTEMA utilizes a fuzzy controller to manage the random energy available in the PHEVs' batteries arriving at the charging park and their charging/discharging times, power sharing among individual PHEVs that is commonly known as vehicle-to-vehicle functionality, and vehicle-to-grid service between the charging park and the main ac grid. The developed RTEMA was simulated using the standard IEEE 69-bus system at different penetration and distribution levels. The obtained results verify the effectiveness and validity of the developed RTEMA.
Absence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit amplifies inflammation and accelerates onset of fibrosis: an inflammatory kidney model

Inflammation is regulated by endogenous mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory cytokines, adenosine, and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit (α7nAChR). We investigated the role of α7nAChR in protection against the progression of tissue injury in a model of severe, macrophage-mediated, cytokine-dependent anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN), in α7nAChR-deficient (α7(-/-)) mice . At d 7 after the injection of anti-GBM antibody, kidneys from α7(-/-) mice displayed severe glomeruli (P < 0.0001) and tubulointerstitial lesions (P < 0.001) compared to kidneys from WT mice. An important finding was the presence of severe glomerulosclerosis in α7(-/-) mice in this early phase of the disease. Kidneys of α7(-/-) mice showed greater accumulation of inflammatory cells and higher expression of chemokines and cytokines than did those of WT mice. In addition, in α7(-/-) fibrotic kidneys, the expression of fibrin, collagen, TGF-β, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 increased, and the expression of TIMP3 declined. The increase in counterregulatory responses to inflammation in α7(-/-) nephritic kidneys did not compensate for the lack of α7nAChR. These findings indicate that α7nAChR plays a key role in regulating the inflammatory response in anti-GBM GN and that disruption of the endogenous protective α7nAChR amplifies inflammation to accelerate kidney damage and fibrosis.
Networking in academia

Many academic scientists reject the very idea of networking for a variety of reasons. Many feel that acquiring and using professional contacts is more appropriate for those in industry or business, but not in academia. Tenured faculty may feel that they have already achieved the peak of their career and no longer need to put forth the effort to get to know new people. Younger scientists may shy away from the idea of proactively approaching peers and senior colleagues because they are introverted or because they don't know how to start. However, the tendency to refrain from networking can limit scientists from reaching their full potential. Scientists with an expanded network of contacts have an edge when it comes to grants, publications, awards, invitations to speak, coveted job offers, and promotions. Whether you are in academia or industry, whether you are naturally introverted or extroverted, or whether you are at an early or late stage of your career, it is important to develop and improve your networking skills. This article outlines an approach for generating and cultivating valuable relationships that turn acquaintances into sponsors for your future career. On many levels, this advice will sound like common sense, and it is. However, the advantage of this approach is that it breaks down a seemingly overwhelming task into practical steps and provides motivation to implement those steps. Some people think of networking as kissing up to influential people, or building professional relationships for advancing their career. However, this view is too limited because everyone—not just influential people or members of your profession—has the potential to influence your career in a positive or negative manner. Someone who you view as non‐influential now may progress to be in a powerful position later. Students in combined MD/PhD programs come to realize this all too …
Through the Past Darkly: The Politics and Policies of America's Drug War

Drug wars. Few topics generate more ccontroversy or provoke more debate. Few topics conjure up more futile and dismal images among the American population. Few topics are more synonymous with defeat. Never has our government been mired in a conflict so enduring or fought against an enemy so utterly impossible to conquer. For seventy-five years—nearly four times longer than both World Wars, Korea, and Vietnam combined—the federal government has been waging an endless war against seemingly impossible odds.
Effects of Respiratory Motion on Passively Scattered Proton Therapy Versus Intensity Modulated Photon Therapy for Stage III Lung Cancer: Are Proton Plans More Sensitive to Breathing Motion?

Purpose To quantify and compare the effects of respiratory motion on paired passively scattered proton therapy (PSPT) and intensity modulated photon therapy (IMRT) plans; and to establish the relationship between the magnitude of tumor motion and the respiratory-induced dose difference for both modalities. Methods and Materials In a randomized clinical trial comparing PSPT and IMRT, radiation therapy plans have been designed according to common planning protocols. Four-dimensional (4D) dose was computed for PSPT and IMRT plans for a patient cohort with respiratory motion ranging from 3 to 17 mm. Image registration and dose accumulation were performed using grayscale-based deformable image registration algorithms. The dose–volume histogram (DVH) differences (4D-3D [3D = 3-dimensional]) were compared for PSPT and IMRT. Changes in 4D-3D dose were correlated to the magnitude of tumor respiratory motion. Results The average 4D-3D dose to 95% of the internal target volume was close to zero, with 19 of 20 patients within 1% of prescribed dose for both modalities. The mean 4D-3D between the 2 modalities was not statistically significant ( P Conclusions With our current margin formalisms, target coverage was maintained in the presence of respiratory motion up to 17 mm for both PSPT and IMRT. Only 2 of 11 4D-3D indices (lung V5 and spinal cord maximum) were statistically distinguishable between PSPT and IMRT, contrary to the notion that proton therapy will be more susceptible to respiratory motion. Because of the lack of strong correlations with 4D-3D dose differences in PSPT and IMRT, the extent of tumor motion was not an adequate predictor of potential dosimetric error caused by breathing motion.
How does the circadian clock send timing information to the brain

This paper discusses circadian output in terms of the signaling mechanisms used by circadian pacemaker neurons. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus houses a clock controlling several rhythmic events. This nucleus contains one or more pacemaker circuits, and exhibits diversity in transmitter content and in axonal projections. In Drosophila, a comparable circadian clock is located among period -expressing neurons, a sub-set of which (called LN-vs) express the neuropeptide PDF. Genetic experiments indicate LN-vs are the primary pacemakers neurons controlling daily locomotion and that PDF is the principal circadian transmitter. Further definition of pacemaker properties in several model systems will provide a useful basis with which to describe circadian output mechanisms.
Computer Assisted Instruction at Northern Virginia Community College: Integrating TICCIT into the Instructional Program.

TICCIT has been a prominent feature of the instructional environment of the Alexandria Campus of Northern Virginia Community College since 1974. Its presence has pervaded all the operations of the ...
The structure and health correlates of trait repetitive thought in older adults

Repetitive thought (RT) involves frequent or prolonged thoughts about oneself and one's world, encompassing discrete forms such as trait worry, rumination, processing, and reminiscing. These forms of RT can be described using 3 basic, underlying qualities: total propensity for RT of all types, valence (positive vs. negative content), and purpose (searching or uncertainty vs. solving or certainty). The adaptiveness of discrete forms with regard to health is likely to be related to these qualities, particularly valence and total propensity. The present study confirmed the model and identified the relationship of these qualities of RT to subjective psychological, physical, and cognitive health in older adults aged 60-94 (N = 179). As predicted, more negatively valenced trait RT was associated with worse psychological, physical, and cognitive health. More total propensity for RT was associated only with worse psychological health. Searching purpose was associated only with worse cognitive health. In turn, negatively valenced RT was predicted by poorer executive functions, suggesting that such functions may be important for directing this quality of RT. The valence of older adults' RT is important insofar as it may contribute to their sense of good or ill health. However, the propensity for all kinds of RT to associate with poorer psychological health may reflect the co-occurrence of negative and positive RT, such as rumination and emotional processing. Although RT has not been extensively investigated in older adults, it appears to play an important role in their subjective health.
A mobile system for real-time context-aware monitoring of patients' health and fainting

Patient context awareness is an important concept for application services in mHealth environments. In this paper we present a multi-sensors system that uses a rule-based DSS able to enhance the accuracy of potentially dangerous heart rate variability by taking into account patient context information. In addition the proposed system is able to detect also patient falls in real time. We have designed and implemented an intelligent, user-friendly, and context-aware system that allows receiving data from several sensors and provides the computational power for context recognition. We also show that the use of an intelligent approach relying on a rule-based DSS for the analysis of data and vital signs is better than approaches missing either DSS or context-awareness. Finally, the paper also describes a case study where the system has revealed important benefits for both patients and medical staff.
Astronomical Imaging By Processing Stellar Speckle Interferometry Data

Diffraction-limited images, of resolution many times finer than what is ordinarily obtainable through large earth-bound telescopes, can be obtained by first measuring the modulus of the Fourier transform of an object by the method of Labeyrie's stellar speckle interferometry, and then reconstructing the object by an iterative method. Before reconstruction is performed, it is first necessary to compensate for weighting functions and noise in order to arrive at a good estimate of the object's Fourier modulus. A simple al-ternative to Worden's method of compensation for the MTF of the speckle process is described. Experimental reconstruction results are shown for the binary star system SAO 94163.
Neoconservatism and Leo Strauss: The Place of a Liberal Education.

This paper is concerned with the work of Leo Strauss, specifically his two essays on liberal education. Strauss is often claimed to be a founding thinker of neoconservatism and while much scholarship has been produced analyzing his work, very little discusses his essays on liberal education and how these fit within his larger project. This essay begins to fill that void by outlining the two essays and discussing their relation to his projects of critiquing both modernity and western liberal democracy. The essay further draws out some tentative connections between these essays of Strauss's and the larger landscape of neoconservative thinkers currently in favor within the United States government.
Low-temperature growth on Si(111) substrates

Low-temperature (T150 K) reflection high-energy electron-diffraction (RHEED) oscillations during the growth of ultrathin films suggest the presence of nonzero adatom mobility. In most systems thermal diffusion cannot account for the observed oscillations, and the origin of the oscillations is still unclear. Experiments on Ag/Si(111) at 150 K demonstrate the absence of thermal diffusion based on the scaling of the RHEED intensity at different flux rates (i.e., the diffracted intensity is only a function of the total deposited amount independent of the flux rate). We have performed molecular-dynamics simulations to understand possible low-temperature mechanisms responsible for the oscillations. Classical two- and three-body Si potentials were used together with an adatom mass that is 3.84 times the Si mass to account for the Ag/Si mass ratio. Results indicate that the landing site of the adatom is important in predicting the subsequent lateral motion of the adatom. A majority (about 75%) of the deposited atoms adsorb within a lattice spacing of the landing site. However, a fraction (25%) of the deposited atoms eventually adsorb a few lattice spacings away from the landing site before equilibration to the substrate, but it is not clear if this is sufficient to account for the oscillations. The energy transfer to the substrate is much less efficient than in fcc/fcc systems, because of the stiffness of the Si-Si potentials.
Performance of operational radiosonde humidity sensors in direct comparison with a chilled mirror dew‐point hygrometer and its climate implication

[1] This study evaluates performance of humidity sensors in two widely used operational radiosondes, Vaisala and Sippican (formally VIZ), in comparison with a research quality, and potentially more accurate, chilled mirror dew-point hygrometer named “Snow White”. A research radiosonde system carrying the Snow White (SW) hygrometer was deployed in the Oklahoma panhandle and at Dodge City, KS during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002). A total of sixteen sondes were launched with either Vaisala RS80 or Sippican VIZ-B2 radiosondes on the same balloons. Comparisons of humidity data from the SW with Vaisala and Sippican data show that (a) Vaisala RS80-H agrees with the SW very well in the middle and lower troposphere, but has dry biases in the upper troposphere (UT), (b) Sippican carbon hygristor (CH) has time-lag errors throughout the troposphere and fails to respond to humidity changes in the UT, sometimes even in the middle troposphere, and (c) the SW can detect cirrus clouds near the tropopause and possibly estimate their ice water content (IWC). The failure of CH in the UT results in significant and artificial humidity shifts in radiosonde climate records at stations where a transition from VIZ to Vaisala radiosondes has occurred.
The nonrevolutionary peasantry of modern Iran

(1978). The nonrevolutionary peasantry of modern Iran. Iranian Studies: Vol. 11, No. 1-4, pp. 259-304.
Unsteady Wake Measurements of Airfoils and Cascades

In the prediction methods of unsteady response of airfoils and cascades, viscous effects are neglected and the steady-state, trailing-edge Kutta condition has been assumed, although not verified as an acceptable assumption. An investigation has been undertaken to study the unsteady characteristics of airfoils and cascades at lowfrequency parameters wherein the unsteady pressures, boundary layers, and wakes were measured in the presence of a sinusoidally varying gust flow. This paper presents mainly the time-mean and time-dependent Wake profiles and comparisons of the wake losses obtained from the unsteady and time mean wake profiles. The chordwise unsteady pressure differentials are also presented with results showing that the differential approaches zero at the trailing edge. The experimental unsteady pressure distribution on an airfoil is also compared with the predicted distributions. The amplitudes of the unsteady pressures show good agreement except in the trailingedge region; however, the agreement of the phase angle is poor. In the light of further studies, certain errors were observed in sectional unsteady lift and phase values presented in an earlier report. These values were recitified, and the corrected results are presented in this paper
Estimation of a Generalized Linear Mixed‐Effects Model with a Finite‐Support Random‐Effects Distribution via Gibbs Sampling

We discuss a Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear mixed-effects model with a finite-support random-effects distribution and show how Gibbs sampling can be used for estimating the posterior distribution of the parameters and for clustering on the basis of longitudinal data. When directly sampling from the conditional distributions is laborious, the adaptive rejection sampling (ARS, Gilks and Wild, 1992; Gilks, 1992) algorithm or adaptive rejection Metropolis sampling (ARMS, Gilks et al., 1995) algorithm is used. Log-concavity, a prerequisite of ARS, of the conditional distributions is examined. We also discuss a Bayesian solution to the uncertainty of the support size of the random-effects distribution in statistical inference. The methodology is illustrated with an analysis of data from a study of regulation of serum parathyroid hormone secretion.
Assessing the “Tone at the Top”: The Moral Reasoning of CEOs in the Automobile Industry

Relying on an expanded view of leadership and the moral reasoning framework developed by Lawrence Kohlberg (1981), this study explores the moral reasoning of the chief executive officers at the 11 largest automobile manufacturers in the world. Using the CEOs’ letter to their stakeholders found in the organizations’ annual social responsibility reports, the CEOs’ moral reasoning is compared to other managers’ moral reasoning, and the moral reasoning exhibited within the CEO group is analyzed for differences due to regional location. Contrary to conventional understanding based on prior research, the CEOs in our sample did not exhibit moral reasoning at a higher level than a cross section of managers but there were differences within the sample of CEOs when looking at nationality. Implications of these results for CEOs, managers, academics, and others are explored.
Capturing Assembly Constraints of Experimental Setups in a Virtual Laboratory Environment

Recently, multi-player game engines have been explored regarding their potential for implementing virtual laboratory environments for engineering and science education. In these developments, the virtual assembly process of the laboratory equipment is a critical step, and a detailed formalized description of how different components of the experimental equipment are to be joined in the assembly process is necessary. This description includes the joint types (lower and upper kinematic pairs) and the associated degrees of freedom, the resulting mobility of the assembly as well as the joint fit requirements.In this paper, a formalized representation of the assembly process that captures the information on the joint kinematics and the components’ degrees of freedom generated when assembling laboratory equipment in a virtual laboratory environment will be discussed. A planetary gear train system will be used as an example to illustrate the proposed method. In particular, the structure of the assembly of a planetary gear train system involves assembly constraints between a group of components (sun, planet and ring gears, shafts, planet carrier assembly, etc.) that generate the desired relationship between the input and output motions. This paper will identify important requirements for modeling different configurations of planetary gear train assemblies within a game-based virtual laboratory environment. These requirements include the positioning and the orienting of the components, the verification of the kinematic joints, the propagation of the mating constraints and the capturing of the joint attributes.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Threshold accepting: a general purpose optimization algorithm appearing superior to simulated annealing

Abstract A new general purpose algorithm for the solution of combinatorial optimization problems is presented. The new threshold accepting method is even simpler structured than the wellknown simulated annealing approach. The power of the new algorithm is demonstrated by computational results concerning the traveling salesman problem and the problem of the construction of error-correcting codes. Moreover, deterministic (!) versions of the new heuristic turn out to perform nearly equally well, consuming only a fraction of the computing time of the stochastic versions. As an example, the deterministic threshold accepting method yields very-near-to-optimum tours for the famous 442-cities traveling salesman problem of Grotschel within 1 to 2 s of CPU time.
A Model for Bending, Torsional, and Axial Vibrations of Micro- and Macro-Drills Including Actual Drill Geometry—Part I: Model Development and Numerical Solution

Part I of this work presents a combined one-dimensionallthree-dimensional approach for obtaining a unified model fbr the dynamics of micro- and macro-drills. To increase the numerical efficiency of the model, portions of the drill with circular cross-section (shank, extension, and tapered sections) are modeled using one-dimensional beam models without compromising model accuracy. A three-dimensional model is used for an accurate representation of the fluted section, considering the actual geometry with the pretwisted shape and axially varying (nonaxisymmetric) cross-section. The actual cross-section of the drills is incorporated to the model through a polynomial mapping while the pretwist effect is captured by defining a rotating reference frame. The boundary-value problem for both one- and three-dimensional models are derived using a variational approach, based on the extended Hamilton's principle, and are subsequently solved by applying the spectral-Tchebychev technique. A component-mode synthesis is used for connecting the individual sections to obtain the dynamic model for the entire drill. Convergence of the model is studied by varying the number of polynomials for each section. The experimental validation of the model is included in Part II for both macro- and micro-drills. Also included in Part II is an analysis of drill dynamics for varying drill-geometry parameters and axial (thrust) force.
Cellular competence plays a role in photoreceptor differentiation in the developing Xenopus retina.

Factors in the environment appear to be responsible for inducing many of the cell fates in the retina, including, for example, photoreceptors. Further, there is a conserved order of histogenesis in the verte- brate retina, suggesting that a temporal mechanism in- teracts in the control of cellular determination. The temporal mechanism involved could result from differ- ent inducing signals being released at different times. Alternatively, the inducing signals might be present at many stages, but an autonomous clock could regulate the competence of cells to respond to them. To differen- tiate between these mechanisms, cells from young em- bryonic retinas were dissociated and grown together with those from older embryos, and the timing of pho- toreceptor determination assayed. Young cells appeared uninfluenced by older cells, expressing photoreceptor markers on the same time schedule as when cultured alone. A similar result was obtained when the hetero- chronic mixing was done in vivo by grafting a small plug of optic vesicle from younger embryos into older hosts. Even the graft cells at the immediate margin of the transplant failed to express photoreceptor markers ear- lier than normal, despite their being in contact with older, strongly expressing host cells. We conclude that retinal progenitors intrinsically acquire the ability to respond to photoreceptor-inducing cues by a mechanism that runs on a cell autonomous schedule, and that the conserved order of histogenesis is based in part on this competence clock. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 49:
Effects of instructional set on amnesic recognition memory performance.

Abstract Tests that tapped memory for spatial location, temporal order, frequency of occurrence, category membership were administered to a group of alcoholic Korsakoff patients, a group of mixed amnesic patients with primarily temporal lobe pathology, a group of normal subjects. The four tests were administered with incidental as well as intentional learning conditions. All groups performed better in the intentional than the incidental condition of the category recognition test. None of the groups performed better in the intentional than the incidental conditions on any of the other tests. The data were interpreted as implying that amnesic patients do not benefit from intentional learning conditions in tests of memory for contextual stimuli.
Abstract 3931: Whole genome and whole exome sequencing of head and neck cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Head and neck cancer is responsible for an enormous cancer burden worldwide, with an estimated 500,000 new cases per year. However, knowledge of the spectrum of genetic alterations that drive this malignancy remains incomplete. Previous studies of this disease have identified recurrent somatic mutations in a few specific genes, but few systematic genome-scale studies have been performed. Accordingly, we have undertaken a pilot study of complete genome/exome characterization in this malignancy. We obtained genomic DNA from 40 head and neck tumors together with matched normal DNA from whole blood. To date, we have obtained whole exome sequencing of 28 tumor/normal pairs and whole genome sequencing of two tumor/normal pairs. The average base mutation rate is 3.1 × 10-6 (range = 2.9 × 10-7 to 8.8 × 10-6), consistent with rates observed in lung cancer and other tobacco-related malignancies. We also identified 24 high-confidence somatic rearrangements in one sample and 120 in the other sample (including 7 and 44 inter-chromosomal rearrangements, respectively). In addition to frequent mutations of TP53 (53%), HRAS, PIK3CA, and PTEN, we also observed other recurrently mutated genes that implicate several oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, layering of somatic mutation data onto known pathway information strengthens the evidence for several oncogenic processes not previously implicated in head and neck cancer. Altogether, these data should enhance our understanding of the mechanisms that drive head and neck carcinogenesis and progression and may also illuminate new therapeutic opportunities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3931. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3931
Long‐term effects of hypothalamic lesions on the pituitary and its target organs in the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus. I. Effects on the gonads, thyroid, and growth

In three experiments a total of 23 sham-operated and 63 brain-lesioned killifish were maintained for 12½–16½ weeks under constant environmental conditions, with regular feeding. Regression of the testes and pituitary gonadotropes, seen in 13 fish, was correlated with lesions in the parvocellular region and/or tract of the nucleus lateral tuberis pars anterior (NLTa). Marked hypertrophy of the thyroid and pituitary thyrotropes, seen in nine fish, was associated with severe lesions of the nucleus anterior tuberis (NAT). A highly significant increase in growth rate, seen in four fish, was correlated with lesions in the nucleus preopticus (NPO), but there was no change in the pituitary somatotropes. Increased appetite, resulting from the presumed destruction of a satiety center, is a possible explanation.
Exhaust Aerosol of a Plasma Enhanced CVD System: I. Size Distribution Measurements

Understanding the origin and fate of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) contaminant particles is a critical issue in semiconductor manufacturing in order to improve thin film deposition on wafer surfaces. Several competing external forces will affect a particle's motion in the plasma field prior to either landing on the wafer or entering the exhaust line. Electrical forces dominate during plasma radio frequency (RF) activation creating regions of potential wells. If trapped, the nucleated particles can continue to grow and gain electron charges until gas or ion drag forces can overcome the potential barrier. Mutual electrostatic repulsion between particles can also cause the traps to "leak" out contaminants into the exhaust line. In this way, contaminants formed solely in the plasma volume are hypothesized to possess a distinctive size and charge distribution independent of condensation particles originating from gas compression by the oil-based rotary pump. For these reasons, a novel experim...
Teaching Corner: “First Do No Harm”: Teaching Global Health Ethics to Medical Trainees Through Experiential Learning

Recent studies show that returning global health trainees often report having felt inadequately prepared to deal with ethical dilemmas they encountered during outreach clinical work. While global health training guidelines emphasize the importance of developing ethical and cultural competencies before embarking on fieldwork, their practical implementation is often lacking and consists mainly of recommendations regarding professional behavior and discussions of case studies. Evidence suggests that one of the most effective ways to teach certain skills in global health, including ethical and cultural competencies, is through service learning. This approach combines community service with experiential learning. Unfortunately, this approach to global health ethics training is often unattainable due to a lack of supervision and resources available at host locations. This often means that trainees enter global health initiatives unprepared to deal with ethical dilemmas, which has the potential for adverse consequences for patients and host institutions, thus contributing to growing concerns about exploitation and "medical tourism." From an educational perspective, exposure alone to such ethical dilemmas does not contribute to learning, due to lack of proper guidance. We propose that the tension between the benefits of service learning on the one hand and the respect for patients' rights and well-being on the other could be resolved by the application of a simulation-based approach to global health ethics education.
A HIGHLY SIMPLIFIED THERMIONIC CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE.

Three recent articles (1, 2, 3) describe methods of heat control which seem unnecessarily complicated in view of the present technical development of control tubes in the radio industry. Those methods, just mentioned, use mechanical relays and have wiring schemes which, although not complicated to those acquainted with radio, are nevertheless too difficult for many people to construct. One of the simplest and most effective schemes involving the use of thyratron tubes and no mechanical relays was described by Schwenk and Noble (4) in 1937. The scheme here described is a further simplification and adaptation of thyratron methods. Recently two well-controlled incubators were needed and were obtained by converting two old ovens that had long been around the laboratory unused. These ovens had been controlled by the usual mechanical thermostat and allowed a temperature variation of ? 2? C. The conversion of the ovens to valuable incubators was done as follows ?1 A five-volt transformer
Fundulus heteroclitus Gonadotropin(s) 2. Year-round husbandry of animals with active pituitaries and responsive follicles.

Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) were exposed to various regimens of temperature and photoperiod in order to develop a routine husbandry procedure so as to have throughout the year a population of reproductively healthy fish with a good quantity and quality of prematuration follicles (1.2–1.5 mm) suitable for carrying out homologous bioassays ofF. heteroclitus gonadotropin. During the fall and winter months, wild fish in the field all had regressed ovaries (gonadosomatic index 10) when maintained on a warm temperature (25°C) and long photoperiod (14 h light) protocol. Ovarian follicles retrieved from laboratory fish were responsive toF. heteroclitus pituitary extract stimulation, and underwent germinal vesicle breakdown normallyin vitro. Hence these ovarian follicles served well as a bioassay forF. heteroclitus gonadotropin even outside of the normal breeding season. The pituitary glands retrieved from laboratory fish in winter also retained high gonadotropic potencies, in terms of maturational and steroidogenic activities. Our results thus demonstrated that active gametogenesis in laboratory-maintained fish can be extended five months beyond the end of the normal breeding season. Apparently,F. heteroclitus in Florida is potentially a continuous breeder when under favorable conditions, but has a reproductive quiescent period imposed upon it by some environmental stressor(s). Although the design of the present experiments did not determine the relative importance of nutritional factors, temperature, and photoperiod on the annual reproductive cycle ofF. heteroclitus, there are indications that diatary factors may play a much more dominant role in the reproductive cycle than previously recognized.