cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Image-processing techniques in laser-speckle photography with application to hybrid stress analysis

Six techniques for analyzing speckle halo fringes for fringe spacing and orientation using a digital image analyzer are presented. Each of the techniques were tested for range, accuracy, and computer run-time through analysis of a known case of rigid-body motion. Application of these techniques to two-dimensional hybrid stress analysis is described where speckle-displacement data around the high-stress region of a notched bar in tension is used as input data to a plane-stress finite-element program.
Assessment of form of Cd, Zn and Pb in contaminated calcareous and gleyed soils in Southwest Poland

A knowledge of the total amount of trace metals in soils is generally not sufficient to assess environmental impacts of metal contamination. Quantification of different metal forms enables evaluation of their behavior and of their eventual bioavailability in the soil environment. Calcareous and gleyed soils contaminated by Cd, Pb and Zn found in the heavily industrialized area of Tarnowskie Gory (Upper Silesia, Poland) were examined by sequential extraction analysis to assess the forms of these metals in a range extending from background levels to concentrations well in excess of those prescribed as the maximum tolerable limits for Polish soils. Cadmium ranged from 0.41 to 25.5, Pb from 12.7 to 1730 and Zn from 13.9 to 2800 μg g−1 soil, respectively. In general, the metals were associated with more mobile forms in the contaminated soils and particularly in the gleyed soils which tended to be acidic in nature.
Distribution of Extensive nifH Gene Diversity Across Physical Soil Microenvironments

The diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is well described for aquatic environments; however, terrestrial analyses remain mostly biased to rhizobial plant–microbe associations. We maximized the level of resolution for this study through the use of nucleotide sequence information extracted from a series of soil microenvironments, ranging from macroaggregates at 2000 μm to the clay fraction at <75 μm in diameter. In addition, we attempted to create an overview of the distribution of terrestrial nitrogen fixers across such microenvironments by combining culture-independent techniques with a suite of natural soil environments from uniquely different origins. Soil diazotroph diversity was analyzed phylogenetically for 600 terrestrial nifH sequences from 12 midsized clone libraries based on microenvironments of three separate soils across a global scale. Statistical analyses of nifH gene clone libraries were used to estimate coverage, establish degrees of sequence overlap, and compare cluster distributions. These analyses revealed an extensive diversity in a tropical (19 phylotypes) and an arctic soil (17 phylotypes), and moderate diversity in a temperate soil (11 phylotypes). Within each soil, comparisons across aggregate size fractions delineated nifH gene cluster shifts within populations and degrees of sequence overlap that ranged from significantly different (arctic, tropical) to significantly similar (temperate). We suggest that this is due to population separation across aggregates of different size classes, which results from differences in the temporal stability of aggregates as niches for microbial communities. This study not only provides new knowledge of the arrangement of diazotrophic communities at the soil microscale, but it also contributes to the underrepresented knowledge of soil nifH sequences in the public databases.
Maintenance Steroid Therapy for Kidney Recipients—Not Ready for Relegation

Corticosteroids have been used in renal transplantation for over 50 years. Their side effects have led to attempts at steroid withdrawal or avoidance; however, late withdrawal with cyclosporine-based maintenance immunosuppression has been associated with increased allograft loss (1). Most recent studies of steroid avoidance or withdrawal have been nonrandomized and none has been blinded. Woodle and colleagues should be congratulated for performing the first prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing early steroid cessation to long-term steroid therapy in kidney recipients receiving modern maintenance immunosuppression (2). All patients received antibody induction therapy with either rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG), 68%, or intereukin-2 receptor antibody (IL-2R), 32%. Maintenance therapy was tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and 7 days of corticosteroids, followed by blinded randomization to either a corticosteroid withdrawal (CSWD) group or a chronic corticosteroid (CCS) group that was tapered to 5 mg of prednisone daily by 6 months following transplant.
Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine have a role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

The prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is a matter for debate. In this Viewpoint, the authors argue that the use of these drugs is justified, provided that patients or their decision makers are given accurate information on their modest benefits.
Obstructed pulmonary venous drainage with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the coronary sinus

Obstructed pulmonary venous drainage is generally considered extremely rare with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) to the coronary sinus (CS). A retrospective review of 27 operated patients with TAPVC to CS revealed 6 cases of obstruction (22%). Two of 6 patients who died early had evidence of obstruction at the pulmonary vein confluence at autopsy. Among the 21 hospital survivors, obstruction proximal to the point of CS unroofing developed in 4 (19%), necessitating reoperation and resulting in death in 3. One other patient died late. Mean follow-up of the 17 long-term survivors, who are generally doing well, is 85 months (range 2 to 212). There have been no cases of late obstruction at the site of unroofing among 10 patients who underwent the fenestration procedure suggested by Van Praagh. The incidence of early bradyarrhythmias (60%) does not appear to be decreased by this procedure. Review of 13 autopsy specimens suggests that if the right and left pulmonary veins did not drain directly to the CS but converged to form a short common vertical vein (4 cases), obstruction was likely. When pulmonary artery pressure approaches systemic levels preoperatively, careful echocardiographic and intraoperative assessment of the junction of the pulmonary vein confluence with the CS should be made. If there is evidence of obstruction, consideration should be given to anastomosing the horizontal right and left pulmonary veins directly to the left atrium rather than performing a simple unroofing procedure.
Corrected misidentification of first instars of the bot flies Cephenemyia apicata and C. jellisoni, with a review of the biology and life history of both species

First instars obtained from the uteri of host-seeking females, and compared with previously published descriptions of larvae collected from Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), revealed that larvae described as Cephenemyia apicata Bennett & Sabrosky (Diptera: Oestridae) actually are C. jellisoni Townsend. Several new characters are added to supplement the original descriptions of the first instars of these species. Collections of all larvae from deer autopsied during different months established that the first instars of C. apicata undergo a long obligate period of development and growth in the bronchi before molting and migrating to the retropharyngeal pouches of deer. This is the first study to document an obligatory lung phase in the life history of a species of Cephenemyia. The lung phase of C. apicata is compared with that described for Pharyngomyia picta (Meigen) (Diptera: Oestridae) in European red deer. A literature review found that for all Cephenemyia species studied, as well as for P. picta, a 6-8 month period of development as first instars during the fall/winter months ensures that pupal development and eclosion of adults will occur during periods of favourable external environmental conditions.
Introduction of a New Type of Metal Foam (Metallic Bubble Wrap)

New type of metallic foam is processed in the form of thin sheet aluminum with longer lifetime and more reliable properties than currently used metal foams. The current closed cell metallic foams are highly porous and non-uniform and their deformation behavior is not predictable, particularly in a thin sheet form. The new material has combined rolling technique with careful placement of foaming agent to produce thin sheet metal foams (a metallic version of bubble wraps) with regular pore structure and possibility of further addition of reinforcement. Both tension test results and bending test results show improvements in mechanical properties of aluminum bubble wrap.
Detection of familial adenomatous polyposis with polarized spectroscopic imaging and oral vascular density

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of multiple colonic polyps at younger age with a near 100% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in later years. The determination of FAP is made after extensive clinical evaluation and genetic testing of at risk individuals. Genetic testing is expensive and in some cases deleterious mutations are not found in all patients with a clinical diagnosis of FAP. As such, the early identification of affected individuals could substantially eliminate associated morbidity and mortality. We investigated a novel spectro-polarimetric imaging system to capture images of the oral mucosa at different wavelengths in an attempt to distinguish patients with FAP from controls. Total diffused oral mucosal reflectance (OMR) and oral mucosal vascular density (OMVD) were calculated from spectral data collected from 33 patients with gene positive FAP, 5 patients who tested negative for FAP, and 45 controls. A statistically significant difference in OMVD (p < 0.001) was observed between individuals with FAP and controls. Analysis of OMR showed no significant difference between the two subject groups.
Rescaling the Chinese state and regionalization in the Great Mekong Subregion

ABSTRACT In the past five years, the Chinese state has made great effort to implement its ‘going-out’ strategy, i.e., the geographical expansion of Chinese capital and labor overseas. This paper explores how the Chinese state rescales to implement this going-out strategy and produce new spaces of development. Particularly, this paper examines how the Chinese state reconfigures its institutional ensemble to integrate landlocked Yunnan Province into the transnational economy embodied in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). The paper finds that the Chinese state deploys two spatial strategies – upward coordination with international organizations and GMS national governments, and downward implementation throughout Yunnan Province – to establish an interscalar regulatory regime. Through this regime the Chinese state aims to assemble capital, labor, and political clout to expand Chinese capital and labor in the GMS, and to develop Yunnan's economy to ease uneven domestic geographical development. This paper con...
On the solubilization of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase from rat liver microsomes with crude pancreatic lipase.

Crude pancreatic lipase, which has the ability to solubulize NADPH-cytochrome c reductase from rat liver microsomes, has been subjected to Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The proteolytic and lipase activities of the crude preparation were separated by this procedure. The ability to solubilize NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was found only in those fractions containing protease activity.
The analyst as witness, historian and activist: A conversation with Robert Jay Lifton

Renowned psychiatrist and social activist Robert Jay Lifton considers his life and career in a conversation with two psychoanalysts. Looking back on the major early influences on his psychoanalytically informed ideas and research methods, Lifton talks about his analytic training, his later involvement with the Wellfleet group, most particularly Erik Erikson, and his experience as a psychiatrist in Japan and China in the post–World War II period of “American triumphalism.” Lifton discusses some of his major concepts in relation to a psychoanalytic perspective, including his notions of “ideological totalism” and “survivor guilt and mission,” and the power that ideology and group pressures have in a particular historical context to transform individual identity and psychology.
Determination of urinary indolic metabolites

A rapid mass spectral assay for tryptophol, 5-hydroxytryptophol, and 3-indoleacetic acid, employing stable-isotope labeled internal standards, is described. The compounds were extracted from urine or buffer with ethyl acetate and quantitatively measured by chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. The calibration curves were linear over a range of 0.06–2.8 μg/ml. The technique was applied to the analysis of urine from patients with carcinoid tumors. In addition, the first synthesis of 5-methoxy-3-indoleacrylic acid is reported.
Evidence for an epileptogenic action of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine

Based on behavioral observation alone, poorly characterized paroxysmal motor abnormalities have been reported in mice after acute MPTP administration. This study investigated electroencephalographic (EEG) and behavioral effects of acute MPTP in young and older mice. Single MPTP injections (30 mg/kg i.p.) produced limbic and/or generalized seizures in older (6 mo) and frank epileptiform interictal hippocampal spikes in younger (6-8 wks) mice. These latter showed behavioral seizures only after the 3rd drug administration. Studies of the acute effects of MPTP must take in consideration that seizures "per se" modify brain biochemical and metabolic activity and alter the permeability of the blood brain barrier, adding several confounding variables.
Effect of Cooling on Effective Pulmonary Capillary Flow in Newborn Infants

To determine whether cooling affects pulmonary perfusion in the newborn infant we measured effective pulmonary capillary flow (Qpc) at two different environmental temperatures. Seven healthy term infants 15 to 61 h of age were studied initially in a ‘cool’ environment (ambient temperature 29°C) and then in a ‘warm’ one (32.7°C). Qpc was measured using the infants plethysmograph and a 15-sec period of rebreathing nitrous oxide and oxygen, as previously described [Circulation Suppl. 21: 50, 1969]. The mean valu of two determinations at each temperature was compared. The infan's rectal, abdominal skin, and foot temperatures, and the plathysmograph and room temperatures were monitored. Heart rate was measured from an electrocardiogram. The mean foot-rectal temperature gradient was 5.1°C in the ‘cool’ environment and 2.6°C in the ‘warm’ one. Abdominal-rectal gradients were 0.8°C and 0.1°C respectively. In each instance Qpe was lower in the ‘cool’ environment (mean 141 ml/kg/min-‘cool’; 192 ml/kg/min-‘warm’; p < 0.05). Heart rate was lower (121/min ‘cool’; 128/min ‘warm’) but this was not statistically significant. This reduction in effetive pulmonary capillary flow could be due to increased shunting (the method does not mesure shunted blood), to marked inequalities of ventilation and perfusion, or to a decrease in total pulmonary blood flow. Our results provide further evidence of the possible adverse effects of cooling the newly born infant.
Sewings of crumpled cubes revisited

Abstract This paper sets forth three mismatch properties, strictly ordered in strength, about sewings of crumpled n-cubes. The strongest is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for a sewing to yield S n , and the weakest, a necessary but not sufficient one. We show that when both crumpled cubes satisfies the Disjoint Disks Property, then the weakest property implies the sewing yields S n , and we also show that the intermediate property leads to the same conclusion when just one of the crumpled cubes possesses the Disjoint Disks Property. In addition, we develop examples that confirm sharpness of the relevant Disjoint Disks conditions.
Analysis of thermal phenomena in LENS™ deposition

A two-dimensional finite element model was developed to calculate the temperature distribution for 316 stainless steel during the Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™) rapid fabrication process as a function of time and process parameters. Numerical simulations are performed on the upper region of a thin plate part, where experimental data indicates that a uniform temperature can be assumed at the base of this region. The temperature at the base of the modeling region and the effective laser power are determined by matching predicted with previously measured temperature profiles surrounding the molten pool. Good agreement is obtained between the calculated and the measured temperature profiles. The model is then used to investigate the relative importance of physical properties and different mechanisms of heat transfer during the process. The results obtained in this work provide important and unavailable information on many thermal aspects of the LENS process.
EHMTI-0039. Different efficacy of acute migraine therapies for migraine with aura versus without aura

Results The pain free rates 2 h post-dose for sumatriptan 100 mg were significantly higher in patients treating attacks without aura (32%), compared to the group who treated attacks with aura (24%), (P < 0.001). For DHE the 2 h pain free rates did not differ between patients treating attacks without aura (29.4%) compared to those who treated attacks with aura (27.2%; P = 0.65), see figure. The NNT to achieve 2 h pain free for sumatriptan was 4.3 for attacks without aura and 6.2 for attacks with aura. For DHE, NNT for 2 h pain free was 5.8 for attacks without aura and 5.0 for attacks with aura.
Bounds on deviations of estimates arising in finite population regression models

Bounds for the maximum deviation between parameters of a finite population and their corresponding sample estimates are found in the multiple regression model. The parameters considered are the vector of regression coefficients and the value ofthe regression function for given values of the independent variable (or variables). Applications are considered to several widely employed sampling methods.
Fitness: A new look at an old term (measurements of human aerobic performance)

Abstract Despite the increased public interest in being fit, there is no universally accepted definition of "fitness". Various reports equate fitness to oxygen consumption with exercise. This genetically determined V 02 maximum is the limiting factor in high-intensity, short duration maximal aerobic exercise. For the nonathelete, however, this capacity may not be an accurate assessment of fitness. Instead, the ability of this individual to do less vigorous work of greater duration may be the best estimate of his fitness. Energy expenditure, a requirement of work, is obtained from the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. A measure of the relative utilization of these substrates is the respiratory quotient (R.Q.). Initial phases of exercise depend primarily on carbohydrate metabolism which is reflected by an RQ of 1.0. As exercise continues, substrate utilization relies upon an increasing percentage of free fatty acid metabolism and the R.Q. will approach 0.7. As nonathletes are trained, there is more rapid shift to free fatty acid metabolism which is reflected by a lower R.Q. in the early phases of exercise. The serial measurement of R.Q. as an individual steadily exercises below his anaerobic threshold will reflect his ability to utilize lipids as an energy source. The greater the rate of change of R.Q. with time, the greater is his ability to metabolize lipids. Increased utilization of lipids during exercise indicates his augmented capacity to do submaximal long-duration work, therefore, fitness.
Optimization of geometric multigrid for emerging multi- and manycore processors

Multigrid methods are widely used to accelerate the convergence of iterative solvers for linear systems used in a number of different application areas. In this paper, we explore optimization techniques for geometric multigrid on existing and emerging multicore systems including the Opteron-based Cray XE6, Intel® Xeon® E5-2670 and X5550 processor-based Infiniband clusters, as well as the new Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor (Knights Corner). Our work examines a variety of novel techniques including communication-aggregation, threaded wavefront-based DRAM communication-avoiding, dynamic threading decisions, SIMDization, and fusion of operators. We quantify performance through each phase of the V-cycle for both single-node and distributed-memory experiments and provide detailed analysis for each class of optimization. Results show our optimizations yield significant speedups across a variety of subdomain sizes while simultaneously demonstrating the potential of multi- and manycore processors to dramatically accelerate single-node performance. However, our analysis also indicates that improvements in networks and communication will be essential to reap the potential of manycore processors in large-scale multigrid calculations.
A Simple Route to Metal Nanodots and Nanoporous Metal Films

High density arrays of chromium (Cr) and layered gold/chromium (Au/Cr) nanodots and nanoholes in metal films were fabricated by evaporation onto nanoporous templates produced by the self-assembly of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (P(S-b-MMA)) diblock copolymers. The cylindrical microdomains of the asymmetric block copolymer were oriented normal to the surface by balancing interfacial interactions of the blocks with the substrate. By selectively removing either the minor or major component, nanoporous films of PS or nanoscopic posts of PS could be produced. Thus, a template, comprising an array of hexagonally packed pores in a PS matrix or PS posts, was easily fabricated. Evaporation of Cr and Au onto the template, followed by sonication and UV degradation of the PS, left Cr or Au/Cr nanodots or a nanoporous metallic film.
Acute hemodynamic effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in postural tachycardia syndrome: A randomized, crossover trial:

Background:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often prescribed in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and act at synaptic terminals to increase monoamine neurotransmitters. We hypothesized that they act to increase blood pressure and attenuate reflex tachycardia, thereby improving symptoms. Acute hemodynamic profiles after SSRI administration in POTS patients have not previously been reported.Methods:Patients with POTS (n=39; F=37, 39 ±9 years) underwent a randomized crossover trial with sertraline 50mg and placebo. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure were measured with the patient seated and standing for 10 min prior to drug or placebo administration, and then hourly for 4 h. The primary endpoint was standing heart rate at 4 h.Results:At 4 h, standing heart rate and systolic blood pressure were not significantly different between sertraline and placebo. Seated systolic (106±12 mmHg vs. 101±8 mmHg; p=0.041), diastolic (72±8 mmHg vs. 69±8 mmHg; p=0.022)...
Racial differences in breast cancer patterns.

![Figure][1] CREDIT: © ARTURO M. ENRIQUEZ/[ISTOCKPHOTO.COM][2] The debate over the change in mammography recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (“Brawling over mammography,” E. Marshall, News Focus, 19 February, p. [936][3]) has helped highlight the gap in research
Cognitive dissonance, supervision, and administrative team conflict

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to record and summarize the tensions and problems experienced by a high school administrative team as they attempted to change supervision alongside instruction in a transition to a new block schedule.Design/methodology/approach – A case study method was used. As a case study, the research is contextual in relation to the high school being studied. Data were collected for 14 months using individual interviews with administrators, site observations, and artifact collection.Findings – Data indicated that, no matter what strategy was discussed, the participants did not want to supervise teachers, and they would only do so under mandate by the principal.Originality/value – Given the dearth of research examining the work of K‐12 school administrative teams, this research provides entree to future studies.
Demographic and growth responses of a guerrilla and a phalanx perennial grass in competitive mixtures

Summary The advantages of guerrilla and phalanx growth for the guerrilla Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus and phalanx E. l. ssp. wawawaiensis were evaluated over 2 years in two taxon mixtures with a range of densities of each subspecies and under two levels of watering. Ramet numbers and biomass of the guerrilla subspecies were higher than those of the phalanx grass in the first year but in the second year declined greatly, while the phalanx grass showed no change in biomass and an increase in ramet numbers. High neighbour densities affected the phalanx subspecies more strongly than the guerrilla subspecies in the first year, but in the second year there were few differences between subspecies. Biomass of the guerrilla grass remained greater than that of the phalanx grass but ramet numbers were similar in the second year. For both subspecies in both years, probability of flowering decreased at higher neighbour densities, indicating adaptation for competitive ability. In the first year, biomass was more strongly reduced by densities than flowering was, but in the second year, when crowding was apparently greater, flowering was more severely affected. Genet survival was high and similar for both subspecies. The presumed advantage of guerrilla subspecies in exploiting open space was supported. The guerrilla grass exploited resources more quickly in the first year by faster growth and greater ramet production, but its biomass, ramet numbers and rhizome growth, and thus its advantage, were reduced in the second year. The phalanx subspecies had slower growth, produced more ramets in later years, and delayed flowering until later years. Although less able to exploit open resources, it appeared adapted to more stressful conditions, and may be able to exploit temporal resource pulses more effectively.
Toward a formal theory of flexible spatial behavior:Geometric category biases generalize across pointing and verbal response Types.

Three experiments tested whether geometric biases—biases away from perceived reference axes— reported in spatial recall tasks with pointing responses generalized to a recognition task that required a verbal response. Seven-year- olds and adults remembered the location of a dot within a rectangle and then either reproduced its location or verbally selected a matching choice dot from a set of colored options. Results demonstrated that geometric biases generalized to verbal responses; however, the spatial span of the choice set infl uenced performance as well. These data suggest that the same spatial memory process gives rise to both response types in this task. Simulations of a dynamic fi eld model buttress this claim. More generally, these results challenge accounts that posit separate spatial systems for motor and verbal responses.
The influence of commercially-available carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein supplements on endurance running performance in recreational athletes during a field trial

Background: It is recommended that endurance athletes consume carbohydrate (CHO) supplements, providing 6-8% CHO concentration, during exercise> 60 minutes to improve athletic performance. Recently research has compared carbohydrate-protein (CHO-P) supplementation to the traditionally used CHO supplementation during endurance exercise, following these supplementation recommendations, in controlled settings, but not under simulated applied conditions such as a field trial. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to test CHO and CHO-P supplementation under applied conditions such that commercially-available isocaloric (CHO-P & double-carbohydrate [CHO-CHO]) and isocarbohydrate (CHO-P & CHO) supplements were compared to a placebo (PLA), within an outdoor running field trial> 60 minutes in order to asses their influence on endurance performance. Methods: Twelve male recreational runners completed four, 19.2 km runs, where they were instructed to run at a pace similar to race pace including a final sprint to the finish, which in this case was the final two laps of the course (1.92 km). Supplementation was provided before the start and in 4 km increments. Performance was measured by time to complete the 19.2 km run and last 1.92 km sprint.
Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea hydrothermal vent and cold-water seep clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae): results from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I

Phylogenetic relationships among vesicomyid clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) and their placement within the order Heterodonta were examined using mitochondrial encoded cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA sequences. The presently analyzed vesicomyids represent a recent monophyletic radiation that probably occurred within the Cenozoic. Nucleotide phylogenetic analyses resolved discrete clades that were consistent with currently recognized species: Calyptogena magnifica, C. ponderosa, Ectenagena extenta, C. phaseoliformis, Vesicomya cordata, Calyptogena n. sp. (Gulf of Mexico), C. kaikoi, C. nautilei, C. solidissima and C. soyoae (Type-A). However, specimens variously identified as: V. gigas, C. kilmeri, C. pacifica, and V. lepta comprised two “species complexes”, each composed of multiple evolutionary lineages. Most taxa are limited to hydrothermal-vent or cold-seep habitats, but the “vent” versus “seep” clams do not constitute separate monophyletic groups. Current applications of the generic names Calyptogena, Ectenagena, and Vesicomya are not consistent with phylogenetic inferences.
Electrochemical oxidation of 5‐hydroxytryptamine and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid by integrated pulse linear scan voltammetry at ultrasmall gold ring electrodes

Ultrasmall gold ring electrodes have been constructed by electrodeposition of gold onto carbon ring electrodes. Electrodes thus formed show similar adsorption/desorption peaks for oxygen in H2SO4 solution compared to those obtained at conventional-sized electrodes. These electrodes have been used in conjunction with linear scan voltammetry and subsequent cleaning pulses to obtain repeatable quantitative results for the electochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxytrptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. This technique involves the use of a linearly scanned applied potential, followed by a large positive potential to clean the electrode oxidatively and negative potential for electrode activation. The result of the cleaning pulses is that oxidation products of 5-hydroxytryptamine are cleaned off the electrode and reproducible voltammograms are obtained.
CULTURALLY SENSITIVE GUIDED IMAGERY FOR ALLOCENTRIC LATINOS: A PILOT STUDY

The Culturally Competent Relaxation Intervention (CCRI) was developed and assessed with 25 Latino adults. In contrast to traditional psychotherapeutic and relaxation interventions, which are highly influenced by individualistic/idiocentric (the tendency to define oneself in isolation from others) assumptions, the CCRI was designed according to an allocentric self-orientation (the tendency to define oneself in relationship with others), which is prevalent among Latinos. This pilot study found preliminary evidence suggesting that participants who were more allocentric had higher levels of treatment adherence and, contrary to what was expected, idiocentric levels were not inversely related with treatment adherence. In addition, as hypothesized, it was found that higher levels of treatment adherence were related to reductions of anxiety symptoms. These findings are consistent with the predictions of the cultural match theory, which proposes that patients adhere and benefit more from interventions that fit their own cultural characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
Efficient Conflict-Based Learning in an RTL Circuit Constraint Solver

We present new techniques for improving search in a hybrid Davis-Putnam-Logemann-Loveland based constraint solver for RTL (register-transfer level) circuits (HDPLL). In earlier work on HDPLL (Parthasarathy, G. et al., 41st DAC, 2004), the authors combined solvers for integer and Boolean domains using finite-domain constraint propagation with heuristic conflict-based learning. We describe a new algorithm that extends the conflict-based unique-implication point learning in Boolean SAT (satisfiability) solvers to hybrid Boolean-integer domains in HDPLL. We describe data-structures for efficient constraint propagation on the hybrid learned relations, similar to two-literal watching in Boolean SAT. We demonstrate that these new techniques provide considerable performance benefits when compared with other combinations of decision theories.
Twentieth-century decline of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park, California, USA

Studies of forest change in western North America often focus on increased densities of small-diameter trees rather than on changes in the large tree component. Large trees generally have lower rates of mortality than small trees and are more resilient to climate change, but these assumptions have rarely been examined in long-term studies. We combined data from 655 historical (1932–1936) and 210 modern (1988–1999) vegetation plots to examine changes in density of large-diameter trees in Yosemite National Park (3027 km 2 ). We tested the assumption of stability for large-diameter trees, as both
The helminths parasitic in a water moccasin (snake) with a discussion of the characters of the Proteocephalidae.

The examination of a water moccasin, Agkistrodon piscivorus , caught near Houston, Texas, on May 4th, 1932, revealed five species of parasites, four of which have not been previously reported from this host.
Conversion of laser phase noise to amplitude noise in an optically thick vapor

As laser light propagates through a resonant vapor, laser phase noise (PM) is converted to laser intensity noise (AM) because of the sensitivity of atomic coherence to laser phase fluctuations. In experiments reported here it is shown that this PM-to-AM conversion process is highly efficient and can cause the relative intensity noise of transmitted diode laser light to be 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than the laser’s intrinsic relative intensity noise. By use of a semiclassical description of the phenomenon, including the effect of optical pumping, reasonably good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. The PM-to-AM conversion process discussed here has important consequences for atomic clock development, in which diode-laser optical pumping in thick alkali vapors holds the promise for orders-of-magnitude improvement in atomic clock performance.
Increasing Empathy through Participation in Structured Groups: Some Attributional Evidence

Increases in empathy produced by participation in a short-term empathy skills training group were assessed by contrasting trained and untrained individuals' attributions about salient and nonsalient stimulus persons. Although previous evidence suggests that empathy limits the observer's tendency to over-attribute behavior to personal rather than situational causes, trained subjects underestimated the impact of situational determinants on behavior, especially when observing salient actors. These findings suggest that the early stages of empathy training in structured groups may be characterized by losses in empathic orientation, perhaps as a result of increases in listening skills.
Testing for structural change under non‐stationary variances

Summary Non-stationarity of the volatility process reflects low-frequency volatility changes of an economic time series, and its theoretical and empirical relevance has been widely recognized. We investigate how it affects cumulative sum (CUSUM) related tests for structural change in regression coefficients. Non-stationary variances generally invalidate standard structural change tests by introducing an infinite-dimensional nuisance parameter in the limit distribution, and we propose robust alternatives. We also show that the practical relevance of the non-monotonic power issue, which is peculiarly associated with the test for changing mean, is mitigated (although the power against a small change is reduced) if there is comparable change in volatility levels. The results are useful to validate/modify a test to ensure monotonic power. Simulations and an empirical example provide finite-sample evidence of the theoretical findings.
Margaret Cavendish on the relation between God and world

It has often been noted that Margaret Cavendish discusses God in her writings on natural philosophy far more than one might think she ought to given her explicit claim that a study of God belongs to theology which is to be kept strictly separate from studies in natural philosophy. In this article, I examine one way in which God enters substantially into her natural philosophy, namely the role he plays in her particular version of teleology. I conclude that, while Cavendish has some resources with which to partially alleviate this tension, she is nonetheless left with a significant difficulty.
Aggravation of myasthenia gravis by erythromycin.

sis coincident with primary HIV-I infection. Lancet 1989;2: 1454-5. 11. Dalakas MC, Pezeshkpour GH. Neuromuscular diseases associated with human immunodefieiency virus infection. Ann Neurol 1988;23(suppl):S38-48. 12. Nath A, Ilia I, Pezeshkpour GH, Dalakas MC. Immunohistochemical study on muscle biopsies from patients with human immunodeficieney virus-related inflammatory myopathy. Ann Neurol 1989;26:147. 13. Dalakas MC, Ilia I, Pezeshkpour GH, Laukaitis JP, Cohen B, Griffin JL. Mitochondrial myopathy caused by long-term zidovudine therapy. N Engl ,1 Med 1990;322:1098-1105. 14. Dalakas M, llla 1. Mitochondrial myopathy caused by longterm zidovudine therapy. N Engl J Med 1990;323:994.
Investigation of the detailed structure of atomically sharp Ge/SiO/sub 2/ interfaces

The atomic structure of the interface between Ge and SiO/sub 2/ - fabricated by oxidation of Ge-implanted Si - was studied using a combination of density-functional and kinetic-Monte Carlo simulations with atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy with an experimental resolution close to the quantum-mechanical limit. The combination of experimental and theoretical results is consistent with the model of an atomically abrupt Ge/SiO/sub 2/ interface with probably small fractions of Ge in the oxide.
Bayesian and frequentist models: legitimate choices for different purposes of clinical research.

Objective Bayesian and frequentist approaches to statistical modelling in epidemiology are often pitted against each other as if they represented diametrically opposing philosophies. However, both approaches have a role to play in clinical epidemiology and the evaluation of clinical practice. Methods Here I present an overview of the philosophical underpinnings of the Bayesian and frequentist approaches, showing that each model has its place depending on the philosophical and evaluative needs of the user. Results If the user's approach to a clinical problem places an emphasis on identifying causal relationships, a frequentist approach might be best suited. On the other hand, if the user takes an approach in which estimating a priori probabilities is appropriate, a Bayesian approach might be more appropriate. One could imagine both approaches used for the same study. Conclusions Bayesian and frequentist approaches are complementary tools in the clinical evaluator's toolkit.
The Challenge of the Blood-Brain Barrier

Contemporary understanding of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been highlighted by Davson,5 Rapoport,50 and Bradbury3; their reviews have provided the critical basis for understanding the physiologic and pathophysiologic functioning of the BBB as it relates to clinical medicine. Human diseases and experiments of nature have helped illustrate the functioning of the BBB. This chapter presents examples in illustrative case reports.
Standards for the electronic health record, emerging from health care's Tower of Babel.

Abstract This paper considers the standardization of an Electronic Health Record (EHR). Relations between several distinct medical datasets and information systems are mapped in order to derive a more precise definition of the EHR. Two international efforts to establish standards for the EHR are presented and critiqued. Strategies for standardizing the EHR are analyzed and recommendations are provided for approaching the standardization process.
Four Ways to Evaluate a Poisson Integral

Our integral is one of several known as the Poisson Integral; all are related in some way to Poisson's integral formula, which recovers an analytic function on the disk from its boundary values, a relationship we mention below. However, none of our methods involves complex analysis at all. The first one uses Riemann sums and relies on a trigonometric identity. The second method is based on a functional equation and involves a sequence of integral substitutions. The third method uses parametric differentiation and the half-angle substitution. We finish with an approach based on infinite series. It is interesting to see how wide a range of mathematical topics are exploited. These evaluations are suitable for an advanced calculus class and provide a very nice application of Riemann sums, functional equations, parametric differentiation, and infinite series. We begin with three elementary observations:
“It’s a Different Kind of Reading” Two Middle-Grade Teachers’ Evolving Perspectives on Reading in Mathematics

Through a qualitative analysis of data collected over four years of design-based research on the implementation of a reform-oriented mathematics curriculum, this study describes two sixth-grade tea...
Optimization of GPS usage for low-power satellites

This paper presents preliminary results for minimization of the GPS power required to obtain a desired orbit determination accuracy. The power consumption of the GPS receiver is assumed to be directly proportional to the data collection time. The results take the form of a mapping of the parameter space for the frequency and duration of the observations from the on-board GPS unit. The mapping shows a significant substructure to the error which may lead to an optimal usage of GPS with a few widely spaced, long duration periods of data collection. This differs from the current practice of a single continuous reading.
A Multigrid Method for High Speed Reactive Flows

This paper presents a multigrid method for computing inviscid and viscous high speed steady-state hydrogen/oxygen and hydrogen/air reactive flows. The governing equations for reactive flow are solved using an explicit multigrid algorithm while treating the chemical source terms in a point implicit manner. The CUSP (Convective Upwind and Split Pressure) scheme is used to provide necessary artificial dissipation without contaminating the solution. Results indicate good multigrid speedups and adequate resolution of the reaction zone in both inviscid axisymmetric and viscous two-dimensional test cases. The method lends itself to efficient parallel computations, thus enabling the calculation of reactive flows with detailed chemical kinetics.
The contribution of anxiety to the laboratory investigation of pain

Beecher (1959) distinguished between pain and the reaction to pain. He felt that laboratory pain, since it usually involved no anxiety, was not comparable to clinical pain. This study was an attempt to introduce anxiety into a laboratory situation and study its effect on absolute pain thresholds.
Growth and histamine formation of Morganella morganii in determining the safety and quality of inoculated and uninoculated bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix).

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of normal microflora and Morganella morganii on histamine formation and olfactory acceptability in raw bluefish under controlled storage conditions. Fillets inoculated with and without M. morganii were stored at 5, 10, and 15 degrees C for 7 days. Microbial isolates from surface swabs were identified and screened for histidine decarboxylase activity. Olfactory acceptance was performed by an informal sensory panel. Histamine levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. While olfactory acceptance decreased, histamine concentration and bacterial counts increased. Storage temperature had a significant effect on histamine levels, bacterial counts, and olfactory acceptance of the bluefish. Inoculation with M. morganii had a positive significant effect on histamine formation for bluefish held at 10 and 15 degrees C (P < 0.0001). The results of the study will serve in supporting U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations regarding guidance and hazard levels of histamine in fresh bluefish.
Archival Impulses, Historical Anxieties: Preservation and Erasure in Philip K. Dick’s Martian Time-Slip

ABSTRACTThis investigation places race and imperialism at the heart of questions about the archive, history-making, and narrative more generally. I argue that Philip K. Dick’s Martian Time-Slip stages both the necessity of archives and narratives for empire-building and the impossibility of containing and embalming these narratives. Official national or planetary narratives not only excise alterity and disavow historical erasures of indigenous populations, but they also produce a schizophrenic relationship to history. Their attempts to wall off alterity and disorder produce madness because they are still affected by the traces of what they are trying to disavow or escape. In other words, the attempts to repress alterity make it spectral, make it an absent presence. Martian Time-Slip illustrates that though the capitalist project attempts to cut itself off from history, this history remains, and the effort to wall oneself off from the delirium of history proves equally delirious.
Philosophy of care, decision making, and ethical considerations.

Aggressive treatment interventions carried out in the in-tensive care unit are often accompanied by great uncertainty concerning the appropriateness of such measures. Critical care physicians often find themselves in a dilemma, wondering if what they have recommended or what they observe others doing, is really in a patient’s best interest. Some forms of treatment may, in some settings, give rise to concerns that the limit of what is ethical may have been exceeded. This article explores some of the controversies regarding decision making and medical ethics in dealing with patients in the intensive care unit.
The Burn Problem: A Pathologist's Perspective

Abstract Injury to the skin from heat leads to many complex reactions in many organs and systems. Based on study of more than 300 autopsies of patients who died after large burns, this chapter surveys current understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic complications in many cases, including hypoxic-ischemic tissue injury, infection, and coagulopathy, and then summarizes the findings often seen at autopsy in each organ system. The discussion includes presentation of a novel pattern of pneumonia and description of methods that can be used to diagnose invasive tissue infection rapidly. Postmortem examination is strongly encouraged in patients who die after burn injury.
Gangliocytoma and Ganglioglioma

These are neuroepithelial tumors composed of mature neurons (gangliocytoma) or a mixed population of ganglion cells and glial cells (ganglioglioma).