cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mergers and bankruptcy costs

Abstract This article compares the premerger and postmerger probability distributions of bankruptcy costs and derives the conditions under which the expected value of bankruptcy costs (BC) and the variability associated with them are lower after the merger. The criterion employed here is based on the mean-variance criterion. The article demonstrates that the expected value of BC will likely be lower after the merger and that both the coinsurance effect and the diversification effect will reduce the variability associated with the postmerger BC. The analysis implies that a change in BC can be a potential source of gain from the merger. This conclusion seems to be consistent with the empirical finding of a financial gain from mergers. In light of this conclusion, managers should, in negotiating the terms of the merger, assess the impact of the merger on BC, and the financial gain that can result from it, particularly for the purely conglomerate type of merger. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence indicating the relevance of BC to firm valuation. The relative impact of BC is even higher under the 1986 Income Tax Act, which implies that, given the statutory equality between the tax rates on ordinary income and capital gains, BC may have a greater role in balancing off the corporate tax advantage of debt financing.
Character design and stamp algorithms for Character Projection Electron-Beam Lithography

In this paper, we propose a series of methods, including character design, stencil compaction and layout matching for Character Projection (CP) Electron-Beam Lithography. We solve the problems with emphasis on inter-cell routing including wires and vias. For wire layout, we design a small set of regular characters after layout normalization. Then we partition the layout into several rows and adopt a greedy algorithm for layout matching in each row. For via layout, we utilize a minimum path covering algorithm to group vias into paths, which are contained in characters with bounded length. We devise an efficient method to compact all characters into a stencil with much less area than the total area of characters. Experimental results show that our algorithms achieve up to 83.42% and 67.29% of the maximum improved-throughput by CP against to Variable Shaped Beam (VSB) technology for wire and via layouts, respectively. Our characters can apply for general purpose layouts to save the high cost of generating different stencils for different layouts.
Satisfaktion in Nineteenth-Century German Dueling Violence and Its Relevance for Literary Analysis

This article examines the oft-cited, yet frequently underanalyzed notion of Satisfaktion in nineteenth-century Germanic culture and society, and aims to establish a concise understanding of the term for the study of German-language fiction. In the article, I analyze the Germanic conceptualization of Satisfaktion (Genugtuung) and propose a set of terminological parameters that underscore this concept's central role in literary scenes in which dueling violence threatens. My analysis elucidates the predominantly nonviolent nature of Satisfaktion, as well as the overemphasis scholars traditionally have placed on its violent rendering. I submit that analyses of nineteenth-century literature benefit from a reassessment and clarification of the term. As I demonstrate in my reading of Hoffmann's The Sandman, a salient conceptualization of Satisfaktion can result in a markedly different, entirely defensible interpretation of the motivations and behavior of the protagonists. The clarification of Satisfaktion furthe...
Light dosimetry: effects of dehydration and thermal damage on the optical properties of the human aorta

The influences of dehydration and thermal damage on in vitro optical properties of human aorta were studied. The absorption coefficient increased by 20-50%, especially in the visible range when at least 40% of total tissue weight was lost as a result of dehydration. The reduced scattering coefficient increased by 10-45% in the visible and 30% to over 150% in the near IR after the tissue samples were heated in a constant temperature water bath at 100 degrees C for 300 +/- 10 s. This study implies that dehydration and protein coagulation during photothermal treatment of tissue are important factors altering optical properties of tissue.
Socio-environmental effects on warnings

Abstract Warnings provide important information about the hazards that are faced in a variety of circumstances. However, this information may be supplemented extensively by previous experiences and by the environmental circumstances in which the warning is presented. Two experiments evaluated the effect of prior experience and observation of others on perception of risk. One experiment examined perception of risk for the same signs under different circumstances. The second experiment evaluated the degree of seriousness the participants thought implied by warnings as a function of presence or absence of requests for compliance. Although no dependable difference was found in a preliminary test of perception of risk, later ratings of changes in concern for the seriousness of the hazards showed differences as a function of the requirement for compliance. The results were discussed in terms of the importance of reinforcement of warnings by behavior modeling and by physical barriers. Relevance to industry Industrial settings involve many circumstances in which unsafe behavior may be exhibited and may consequently lead others to perform unsafe acts. Some of the factors that may influence such behaviors are the insistence on complying with safe procedures and making unsafe acts more difficult to perform.
Multimode Fiber Devices for Optical Fiber Links, Printing, and Display

It is generally agreed that multimode graded index fiber has become the main fiber technology for optical communication applications. Multimode graded index fibers provide sufficient bandwidth for most applications without the critical tolerances of single mode fibers. In this paper, multimode fiber devices and components based on packaging miniaturized optical components for a GaAs laser array source package, and multichannel waveguides will be discussed. Experimental results, fabrication process and technology limitation for some of the multimode devices will be included. One major drawback of using multimode fibers is the difficulty to obtain simple and efficient switches and taps which are essential for data bus or other optical links. Some possible solutions for multimode fiber switches with miniaturized bulk wave devices will be presented.
Pre-retirement predator encounters alter the morning behavior of captive marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi).

Limited data are available on the long-term effect an encounter with a predator has on its potential prey. Anecdotal reports from field research indicate that even unsuccessful attacks by predators on callitrichids have long-lasting effects. The subjects for this study were two groups of Geoffroy's marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi) housed outside, off exhibit, at the Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Before they retired in the evening, the marmosets were observed under one of three conditions: snake model, cloth control, and no-stimulus control. Data were collected the following morning for 1 hr after the animals emerged from the sleeping box. Compared to control conditions, exposure to the snake model before retirement the previous evening was associated with significantly more vigilance checks (i.e., inspecting the area where the stimulus was last seen), and a delay in beginning to forage on the ground. These results suggest that callitrichids use recent threatening experiences to guide their vigilance behavior 12 hr after the threat is detected, and that they adjust their early morning behavior in response to potential predatory threats. Am. J. Primatol. 63:75–85, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Streaming in diffusion fields

Two simple systems are discussed in which diffusion of a dissolved substance causes continued circulation of the solvent, thru the mediation of gravitational forces in one case, and of solute viscosity forces in the other. The first is analagous to the circulation in a liquid heated from below.
Isometries of some smooth normed spaces of analytic functions

Let H(D) denote the linear space of analytic functions on the open unit disc D, and let N be a norm on H(D). Let H N and S N denote the spaces of functions f in H(D) such that respectively. Let H N have the norm N. and give S N norm . We show that when is smooth, the linear isometries of H N can be described in terms of the linear isometries of H N. Applications are given to the weighted Hardy space, the weighted Bergman space, and the Bloch space.
The action of some cholinergic blockers on carotid body chemoreceptors in vivo.

Chemosensory discharges were recordedin vivo from fine filaments of the carotid nerve containing a few or single active units; their frequency was used as an index of receptor activity. The effects of hemicholinium, atropine, mecamylamine and hexamethonium on the chemosensory discharges elicited by ACh and NaCN were studied in 46 adult cats. Hemicholinium in low concentrations (0.5–1 mg/kg, i.v.) did not change the resting discharge rate or the chemoreceptor response to ACh and NaCN. One-2 h after injections of hemicholinium (2–5 mg/kg, i.v.) the responnse to NaCN was markedly depressed, while that to ACh remained unchanged. Larger doses of the drug (10 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed or blocked the responses to both chemicals. These experiments indicate that transmitter substances (probably ACh) stored in the cells are depleted or decreased by the presence hemicholinium, which blocks ACh synthesis. Atropine in low concentrations (0.2–1 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed the receptor response to ACh without affecting the discharges elicited by NaCN. On the other hand, relatively large doses of the drug (2–10 mg, i.v. and i.a.) blocked or depressed both the basal chemoreceptor discharges and the responses to ACh and NaCN. This depressant effect of atropine on the response to both chemicals lasted for 10–20 min. Mecamylamine (2–10 mg, i.a.) blocked the chemoreceptor response to ACh and NaCN. Naturally occuring chemoreceptor discharges were blocked transiently by the drug. Hexamethonium (2–10 mg, i.a.) was ineffective on the chemoreceptor response to ACh and NaCN in 25% of the chemosensory units examined, and in 50% of them the drug depressed or blocked the ACh-induced response without affecting the NaCN-induced effect. In 25% of the units, both the response to ACh and NaCN was blocked or depressed by the drug. Results indicate the approximate population of nicotinic cholinoceptive sites of chemosensory nerve terminals. It is concluded that a cholinergic mechanism is probably responsible for chemoreceptor impulse initiation. Exogenous ACh appears to be acting on extrasynaptic cholinergic receptors, probably located in the stem of the non-myelinated sensory endings, while natural stimuli and NaCN are probably acting on the glomus cells to liberate ACh, which exerts its effects on synaptic cholinergic sites.
Mineral needs of the elderly: Developing a research agenda for the 1990s

Increasing attention is being paid to the relationship between nutrition and health, particularly in regard to the possible linkage between nutrition and the development of chronic disease. The elderly are likely to suffer from one or more chronic diseases. The impact of these diseases on mineral status of the elderly population is poorly understood. In addition, little information is available about the mineral requirements of this population. The focus of this paper is to review the reasons why the elderly population is at increased risk of developing mineral deficiencies, our current understanding of the mineral requirements of this vulnerable group, and a consideration of recommendations for future research needs in this area. For illustrative purposes, special attention has been given to three selected mineral nutrients: phosphorus, magnesium and zinc. Research priorities include studies to: improve methods for assessing mineral status; investigate the relation of habitual mineral intake and status; assess the impact of dietary change on mineral bioavailability in the elderly; determine the effect of hypochlorhydria on intestinal mineral absorption; and assess the effects of aging on the adaptive response to low mineral intakes. Studies such as these will help to provide a stronger research data base for estimating Recommended Dietary Allowances for these mineral nutrients in the elderly.
What Leads Organizational Members to Collectivize? Injustice and Identification as Precursors of Union Certification

This paper presents the results of two studies that examine the impact of both social psychological and economic concerns on organizational members' decisions to support or oppose union formation. The studies test the predictions that procedural justice judgments and social identification---two social psychological factors that shape the nature of how people relate to their organizations---have a significant influence on people's support for union certification and on the votes they cast in a union certification election. Importantly, it was predicted that these effects would emerge even after accounting for the influence of people's economic concerns, which have been the primary focus of previous efforts to understand whether people support union formation. The results confirm these predictions and demonstrate that respondents' positions on the unionization issue are shaped by procedural justice (Studies 1 and 2) and social identity (Study 2) even after accounting for economic factors. Furthermore, Study 2 shows that the impact of procedural justice judgments on union certification was partially mediated by social identity. More generally, the results highlight the importance of integrating both social psychological and economic concerns in models designed to explain organizational phenomena such as the formation of unions.
Hiring discrimination against people with disabilities under the ADA: characteristics of employers.

Introduction This article describes findings from a causal comparative study of the characteristics of employers against whom allegations of hiring discrimination were filed with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) between 1992 and 2005. Methods Employer characteristics derived from 19,527 closed Hiring allegations are compared and contrasted to 259,680 closed allegations aggregated from six other prevalent forms of discrimination including Discharge and Constructive Discharge, Reasonable Accommodation, Disability Harassment and Intimidation, and Terms and Conditions of Employment. Tests of Proportion distributed as chi-square are used to form comparisons along a variety of factors including industry classification, size of workforce, and location. Results As compared to non-hiring allegations, hiring allegations were more likely to be filed against employers with 15–100 employees, in the West U.S. Census track region, or in industries including educational services; public administration; transportation and warehousing; professional, scientific, and technical services; agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting; and construction. Conclusion More outreach regarding ADA responsibilities appears indicated for those employers who share the aforementioned characteristics.
Biopsy Proven Liver Fibrosis and Outcomes in Patients Supported with a Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device

Purpose It is not clear whether patients with biopsy proven liver fibrosis have worse outcomes following continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF LVAD) implantation. Methods and Materials We retrospectively reviewed all patients in our institution that had a liver biopsy prior to implantation of a CF LVAD. Continuous variables were analyzed with Student’s T-test and categorical variables were analyzed with Fischer’s Exact test. Results From June 2006 to August 2012, there were 14 patients that had a liver biopsy prior to CF LVAD implant. The mean age of patients was 55±10 years, 87% were male, and 47% had ischemic cardiomyopathy. Indications for CF LVAD implant were destination therapy (n=5; 36%), bridge to transplant (n=8; 57%) and bridge to decision (n=1; 7%). The patients were divided into two groups: those with liver fibrosis grade 0 to 1 (Group A, n=5) and those with liver fibrosis grade >1 (Group B, n=9). Baseline demographics were similar between the two groups. There were no significant differences in post-operative renal failure requiring dialysis (p>0.99), reoperation for bleeding (p=0.36), requirement of inotropes>14 days post LVAD implant (p=0.5) or post operative hospital length of stay (LOS) (p=0.72). No patients in either group required RVAD implantation. Post LVAD implant survival was 100% in both groups at 30 days and was 100% and 78% at 1 year for group A and B respectively (p=0.5). Conclusions In this single center retrospective review, patients with liver biopsy proven > stage 1 fibrosis have similar outcomes in terms of short and mid-term survival, need for dialysis, reoperation for bleeding, post-operative inotrope requirement and LOS compared to those with zero or low grade liver fibrosis. No patients in either group required RVAD support. These findings may have important implications in the selection of LVAD candidates with liver dysfunction.
ER isomorphisms and uniqueness conditions

Given a collection of entity types (database tables) there is usually more than one way to model their associations. Consequently, two data models may appear different while essentially they are the same. To simplify the task of comparing data models, necessary and sufficient conditions are defined for a collection of entity types to have a unique Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). The sufficient conditions for uniqueness are translated into modeling constraints that can be easily used to build an Entity-Relationship model. It is shown that the constraints do not prevent the representation of information requirements except for rare types of involuted relationships that seldom appear in the real world. Additionally, sufficient conditions are established for two ERDs to be isomorphic. All of this is done under the assumption that relationships are degree 2 or less. The results are extended to models containing relationships of higher degree.
Functional and morphologic alterations after anterior or inferior repositioning of the maxilla

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was 1) to compare functional and morphologic measurements between controls and patients scheduled for anterior or inferior repositioning of the maxilla, and 2) to examine how these patients' oral function adapted after surgery. Patients and Methods: Nine male patients undergoing anterior and/or inferior repositioning of the maxilla were compared with 26 male controls preoperatively and up to 3 years after surgery. Measures of skeletal morphology, mandibular range of motion, maximum voluntary bite force, and levels of electromyographic (EMG) activity in the anterior and posterior temporalis and masseter muscles during isometric bites were made on all subjects over time. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the controls, the patients before surgery, and the patients after surgery. Results: Before surgery, most of the patients had morphologic characteristics of mandibular prognathism and maxillary retrognathism. Surgery made the patients' skeletal morphology similar to controls except for mandibular length, upper facial height, and palatal plane angle, which were significantly greater than those of controls. There were no significant differences in jaw muscle mechanical advantage between controls and patients either before or after surgery. Hypomobility of the jaw was apparent at 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery, but returned to normal values within 1 to 2 years. Before surgery, the patients had maximum voluntary bite forces significantly less than those of controls. Bite forces in patients steadily increased after surgery, approaching significantly higher values than those of controls. Before surgery, patients' muscle activity levels per unit of bite force were not significantly different from those of controls. Most of the patients' muscle activity levels per unit of bite forces at all bite positions showed no significant change after surgery. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that anterior or inferior repositioning of maxilla produces some significant functional benefits in patients.
Combined 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and transperineal Pd-103 permanent implantation for patients with intermediate and unfavorable risk prostate cancer.

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and morbidity of combined 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and brachytherapy for intermediate/unfavorable risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Between May 1996 and November 1997, 65 patients with intermediate/unfavorable risk prostate cancer were treated with 3D-CRT (50.4 Gy) followed by a transperineal permanent Pd-103 implant. Patients with one or two adverse prognostic features (PSA > 10 and Gleason ≥ 7) were classified as intermediate risk and unfavorable risk, respectively. Forty-seven patients (71%) had intermediate risk and 18 (29%) had unfavorable disease risk. The median age of this group was 65 years (range, 42–76 years), and the median pretreatment PSA level was 8.0 ng/ml (range, 1.7–42.0 ng/ml). The clinical stage of these patients was as follows: T1c, 36 (55%); T2a, 27 (42%); T2b/T3, 2 (3%). Fifteen patients (23%) had a Gleason ≤ 6, 41 patients (63%) were classified as Gleason 7, and 9 (14%) as Gleason ≥ 8. Fifty-two (80%) received neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (NAAD) for cytoreduction. The median follow-up was 36 months (range, 24–42 months). Results The PSA relapse-free survival rate at 3 years was 87%, with a median PSA value at last follow-up of 0.25 ng/ml. The relapse-free survival was 90% for those who had an initial PSA ≤ 10 ng/ml and 80% for patients who had an initial PSA > 10 ng/ml (p = 0.5). No difference in outcome was observed between patients with intermediate and unfavorable risk disease. Eight patients (13%) developed late Grade 2 rectal bleeding. Twenty-three patients (42%) required medication for urinary symptoms during the first 6 months after therapy. Three patients (5%) noted rare stress incontinence at last follow-up. Of the 44 patients who were potent prior to therapy, 17 (26%) developed erectile dysfunction (ED). Conclusion Although the follow-up is short, the early biochemical outcome of combined 3D-CRT and brachytherapy for intermediate/unfavorable risk prostate cancer is promising. While rectal toxicity is minimal, urinary side effects are more common. Further follow-up is necessary to fully evaluate the efficacy of this combined therapeutic approach. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90:275–280, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ansa-RLN reinnervation for unilateral vocal fold paralysis in adolescents and young adults.

Summary Objective/hypothesis To assess the outcomes of management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis by ansa-RLN reinnervation in a series of patients ages 12–21. Study design Clinical outcomes study. Methods Six consecutive adolescents and young adults (ages 12–21 years) seeking treatment for unilateral vocal fold paralysis and glottal incompetence underwent ansa-RLN neurorraphy. Pre- and post-operative voice recordings acquired at least 1 year following surgery were submitted to acoustic and perceptual analysis. Patient-based measures were also taken. Results Mean perceptual visual analogue scale rating of dysphonia severity (0 mm = profoundly abnormal voice, 100 mm = completely normal voice) improved from 50 mm pre-operatively to 82 mm post-operatively. Mean maximum phonation time improved from 6.5 s to 13.2 s. Pitch and dynamic range were also observed to improve. Global self-ratings of voice function (0–100%) increased from 31.2% to 81.6% of normal. Conclusions Ansa-RLN reinnervation is an effective treatment option for adolescents and young adults with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. The procedure has the potential to improve vocal function substantially, especially in those with isolated paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The procedure alleviates the disadvantages associated with other surgical options for this age group.
Recidivism among offenders with developmental disabilities participating in a case management program

This study examined recidivism, defined as arrests, among 252 clients who were accepted into a case management program for offenders with developmental disabilities. Overall, 40% of clients were arrested while participating in the program, and 34% were arrested within 6 months after case closure. The crimes for which clients were arrested tended to be minor: 21% were for probation or parole violations not associated with new criminal acts, 39% were for misdemeanors, 27% were nonviolent felonies, and 12% were for felonies against persons. Clients who completed the program (N=115) were less likely to be arrested after case closure than those who dropped out of the program (N=112), 25 and 43%, respectively. Other factors associated with arrests after case closure included having a developmental disability other than mental retardation, living in an urban area, being referred to the program by a criminal justice agency or through a private referral rather than a social service agency, and being arrested while in the program. Implications are discussed for service provision and evaluation of programs that work with offenders with developmental disabilities.
A Linear, Wideband, Low-Noise Amplifier Stage for Use in Nuclear Pulse Amplifiers

The design evolution of a wideband voltage-sensitive amplifier stage is presented. For the basic stage, including a new driver configuration and overload control circuit, three basic input sections are considered; the first section consists of differentially connected bipolar transistors for use with low generator impedances, the second consists of medium-transconductance FETs to allow larger coupling time constants, and the third consists of high-transconductance FETs for low-noise performance with large coupling time constants. Large-and small-signal bandwidth analysis is given for each configuration. From this analysis, criteria are established for allowing equal large-and small-signal rise times. Also, for each type of input section, expressions of equivalent noise voltage are derived. A table of experimental results is presented, summarizing data obtained for several important performance parameters. Typical measurements for the medium-transconductance FET input section for a voltage gain of 16 include small-and large-signal rise times of 10 nsec, overload recovery times from a 5-v input of ~20 nsec, and integral nonlinearity of <0.05%.
Screening for learning classification rules via Boolean compressed sensing

Convex relaxations for sparse representation problems, which aim to find sparse solutions to systems of equations, have enabled a variety of exciting applications in high-dimensional settings. Yet, with dimensions large enough, even these convex formulations become prohibitively expensive. Screening methods attempt to use duality theory to dramatically reduce the size of the optimization problem through easily computable certificates that many of the variables must be zero in the optimal solution. In this paper we consider learning sparse classification rules via Boolean compressed sensing and develop screening procedures that can significantly reduce the size of the resulting linear program. Boolean compressed sensing deals with systems of Boolean equations (instead of linear equations in traditional compressed sensing); we develop screening methods specifically for this setting. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our screening rules on several real-world classification data sets.
Second order density effects in low energy pion scattering

Abstract The differences between a full Lorentz-Lorenz potential modification and a ϱ 2 approximation are examined for low energy pion-nucleus elastic scattering. It is found that the two methods give comparable results when Coulomb, absorption and kinematic effects are taken into account.
Effects of pinealectomy on pituitary gonadotrophs, pituitary gonadotropin potency and hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing activity in Notemigonus crysoleucas

The effects of pinealectomy on pituitary gonadotrophs, pituitary gonadotropin potency and hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing activity were examined in the cyprinid teleost, Notemigonus crysoleucas, exposed to various photoperiod-temperature regimes. In fish exposed to a long photoperiod-warm temperature regime, pinealectomy resulted in a decrease in gonadal activity, in hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing activity and an increase in pituitary gonadotropin potency. Fewer gonadotrophs were present in the pituitary of sham operated fish than in the pituitary of pinealectomized fish. Ovarian development was more rapid in sham operated than in pinealectomized fish exposed to a long photoperiod–low temperature regime. Pituitary gonadotropin activity was also greater in shams than in pinealectomized fish. A short photoperiod-warm temperature regime retarded ovarian development in N. crysoleucas. Pinealectomy reversed this trend. Gonadotrophs made up a greater area of the pituitary in pinealectomized fish than in shams under these conditions. Gonadotropin potency of the pituitary and hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing activity were also greater in pinealectomized fish than in shams. The area of the pituitary occupied by gonadotrophs was greater in pinealectomized than in sham operated animals maintained on a short photoperiod-low temperature regime. Pituitary gonadotropin activity was also greater in pinealectomized fish as compared to shams. Pituitary gonadotropin potency varies diurnally in animals maintained on both short and long photoperiods; the rhythm of variation differs depending on photoperiod. Pinealectomy alters the diurnal rhythm of pituitary gonadotropin potency in animals exposed to both long and short photoperiods. It is concluded that pinealectomy has a pronounced effect on reproductive activity in N. crysoleucas. The effects of pinealectomy on reproduction vary with photoperiod, but are mediated via the hypothalamus and pituitary. In fish exposed to long daylengths the pineal favours reproductive activity, but the epiphysis retards reproductive processes in animals maintained on short photoperiods.
Arene non-innocence in dinuclear complexes of Fe, Co, and Ni supported by a para-terphenyl diphosphine

Cofacial Fe_2, Co_2, and Ni_2 complexes supported by a para-terphenyl diphosphine ligand were prepared. Central arene deplanarization and a μ_2:(η^3,η^3) coordination mode suggest partial bisallyl character in the Fe_2 and Co_2 complexes. An oxidation induced shift in Fe_2–arene binding highlights the non-innocent nature of the arene ligand.
Experimental Modal Analysis of Car's Body-in-White

To reduce noise and make the structure of the car more rational, we established modal test system of car's body-in-white in this paper. Car body-in-white was mounted on rigid platform with four coil springs. The car was excited by an electromagnetic exciter. The method of single-point excitation and multi-point collecting vibration was used in this test. Excitation point was chosen in the bearing beam. Signals picked up by the acceleration sensors were processed in the software of Mescope. With this system, different modal frequencies and modal characteristics of the car are acquired. The results show that modal parameters are effective and reliable and those parameters can be basis for the designer to improve the structure of the car.
Charcot's joint following Keller arthroplasty. A case report

Neuropathic osteoarthropathy, i.e., Charcot's joint, has not previously been reported as a sequela of elective foot surgery. The authors present a challenging case of a patient with long-standing diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy who developed neuropathic osteoarthropathy after a Keller arthroplasty for a recalcitrant hallux ulcer. The radiographic findings, diagnostic tests, and histopathology are discussed. Finally, the authors offer suggestions for surgeons contemplating a Keller arthroplasty for patients with peripheral neuropathy.
Pharmacogenetic studies of antidepressant response: how far from the clinic?

Both the popular and the scientific press have embraced the idea of personalized medicine, in which genetic testing will allow precise matching of patients with optimal treatment. The first portion of this article briefly defines basic concepts in pharmacogenetics as they pertain to psychiatry and then discusses their potential application in antidepressant pharmacogenetics. The second portion of the article addresses key obstacles to the development and application of such tests, so that clinicians can understand how to evaluate and apply new tests as they are developed.
Gene‐specific translational control of the yeast GCN4 gene by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2

Phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha) is one of the best-characterized mechanisms for down-regulating total protein synthesis in mammalian cells in response to various stress conditions. Recent work indicates that regulation of the GCN4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by amino acid availability represents a gene-specific case of translational control by phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha. Four short open reading frames in the leader of GCN4 mRNA (uORFs) restrict the flow of scanning ribosomes from the cap site to the GCN4 initiation codon. When amino acids are abundant, ribosomes translate the first uORF and reinitiate at one of the remaining uORFs in the leader, after which they dissociate from the mRNA. Under conditions of amino acid starvation, many ribosomes which have translated uORF1 fail to reinitiate at uORFs 2-4 and utilize the GCN4 start codon instead. Failure to reinitiate at uORFs 2-4 in starved cells results from a reduction in the GTP-bound form of eIF-2 that delivers charged initiator tRNA(iMet) to the ribosome. When the levels of eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNA(iMet) ternary complexes are low, many ribosomes will not rebind this critical initiation factor following translation of uORF1 until after scanning past uORF4, but before reaching GCN4. Phosphorylation of eIF-2 by the protein kinase GCN2 decreases the concentration of eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNA(iMet) complexes by inhibiting the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for eIF-2, which is the same mechanism utilized in mammalian cells to inhibit total protein synthesis by phosphorylation of eIF-2.
Acetylcholine increases the level of diglyceride in mouse pancreas.

Summary Incubation of mouse pancreas with 10 −5 M or 10 −4 M acetylcholine (plus eserine) resulted in increased tissue diglyceride levels. Diglyceride rose from 0.5 μmoles per gram fresh tissue in unstimulated pancreas to 1.2 and 3.6 μmoles, respectively, in acetylcholine-stimulated tissue. The linear increase in diglyceride level with time at 10 −4 M acetylcholine was blocked and reversed by 10 −5 M atropine. When atropine was added, the level of diglyceride fell to the control, unstimulated value. The increase in diglyceride level was greater than could be accounted for by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidic acid.
Trust, authority and popularity in social information retrieval

We present a social information retrieval (SIR) model comprising the social network of actors (e.g., authors, publishers, consumers), the graph representing relations in data (e.g., publications), and the links between the social and data network that reflect activities in the network such as search, authoring, annotation, etc. Building on this hybrid network, we describe relevance in terms of the trust propagated through the network and rendered onto a given item. In particular, relevance is a function of the approval votes from the associated sub-graph and the reputation of the sub-graph nodes. We explore a model that differentiates between approval from actors who are perceived authorities by the user and the approval by a wider community, representing the popular opinion.
Review of ASHRAE symposium session on the application of adaptive control to real HVAC applications

Abstract ASHRAE Symposium PO-86-5 was held in Portland, Oregon, USA, 22–25 June 1986. The session was sponsored by TC 1.4 Control theory and application, with E. Gut as the Chairman. This Paper gives a short review of the following papers: 1. 1. Adaptive control implementation issues: S. G. Brandt, Honeywell Commercial Division, Arlington Heights, Illinois, USA. 2. 2. Self-tuning digital integral control: M. J. Pinnella, Aerospace Corporation, Redondo Beach, California, USA; E. Wechselberger, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA; D. C. Hittle, USA Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois, USA; C. O. Pedersen, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. 3. 3. Automated controller tuning for HVAC applications: C. G. Nesler, Johnson Controls, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Restricted nature of adult neural stem cells: re-evaluation of their potential for brain repair.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the walls of the lateral ventricles continue to produce new neurons and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The identification of NSCs, long-range neuronal migration, and the integration of new neurons into fully formed mature neural circuits—all in the juvenile or adult brain—has dramatically changed concepts in neurodevelopment and suggests new strategies for brain repair. Yet, the latter has to be seen in perspective: NSCs in the adult are heterogeneous and highly regionally specified; young neurons derived from these primary progenitors migrate and integrate in specific brain regions. Neurogenesis appears to have a function in brain plasticity rather than brain repair. If similar processes could be induced in regions of the brain that are normally not a target of new neurons, therapeutic neuronal replacement may one day reinstate neural circuit plasticity and possibly repair broken neural circuits.
Basic and clinical aspects of visceral sensation: transmission in the CNS.

Pain and discomfort are the leading cause for consultative visits to gastroenterologists. Acute pain should be considered a symptom of an underlying disease, thereby serving a physiologically important function. However, many patients experience chronic pain in the absence of potentially harmful stimuli or disorders, turning pain into the primary problem rather than a symptom. Vagal and spinal afferents both contribute to the sensory component of the gut- brain axis. Current evidence suggests that they convey different elements of the complex sensory experience. Spinal afferents play a key role in the discriminatory dimension, while vagal input primarily affects the strong emotional and autonomic reactions to noxious visceral stimuli. Drugs, surgical and non-pharma- cological treatments can target these pathways and provide therapeutic options for patients with chronic visceral pain syndromes.
From Data to Assessments and Decisions: Epi-Spline Technology

Abstract : Analysts in every field face the challenge of how to best use available data to estimate performance, quantify uncertainty, and predict the future. The data is almost never just right, but rather scarce, excessive, corrupted, uncertain, and incomplete. External information derived from experiences, established laws, and physical restrictions offer opportunities to remedy the situation and should be utilized. Applications in sustainable energy, natural resources, image reconstruction, financial planning, uncertainty quantification, and reliability engineering are rich with problems where decisions rely on data analysis under such circumstances. We address these problems within a framework that identifies a function that according to some criterion best represents the given data set and satisfies constraints derived from the data as well as external information. Epi-splines provide the linchpin that allows us to handle shape restrictions, information growth, and approximations.
An adaptive nonlinear filter for system identification

The primary difficulty in the identification of Hammerstein nonlinear systems (a static memoryless nonlinear system in series with a dynamic linear system) is that the output of the nonlinear system (input to the linear system) is unknown. By employing the theory of affine projection, we propose a gradient-based adaptive Hammerstein algorithm with variable step-size which estimates the Hammerstein nonlinear system parameters. The adaptive Hammerstein nonlinear system parameter estimation algorithm proposed is accomplished without linearizing the systems nonlinearity. To reduce the effects of eigenvalue spread as a result of the Hammerstein system nonlinearity, a new criterion that provides a measure of how close the Hammerstein filter is to optimum performance was used to update the step-size. Experimental results are presented to validate our proposed variable step-size adaptive Hammerstein algorithm given a real life system and a hypothetical case.
Resistive loading implemented by direct-write fabrication

In this paper, results are presented for resistive loads constructed by direct-write fabrication on rigid microwave substrates. The key innovation in this work is the implementation of distributed resistive loading by direct-write fabrication at microwave/RF frequencies, as opposed to using discrete surface mount chip resistors. The goal of this research is to extend the range of devices that can be constructed by direct-write fabrication at these frequencies on non-ceramic substrates.
Mineral mesopore effects on nitrogenous organic matter adsorption

The ‘‘mesopore protection hypothesis’’ [Chem. Geol. 114 (1994) 347; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58 (1994) 1271] proposes that organic matter (OM) may be protected from enzymatic degradation by sequestration within mineral mesopores (2–50 nm diameter). This hypothesis is a leading, though controversial, theory in explaining both the preservation of some extremely labile OM compounds and observed correlations between OM content and mineral surface area in soils and sediments. To test this idea, we carried out batch experiments in aqueous suspensions to examine the adsorption/desorption of amino acid monomers and polymers onto fabricated mesoporous and nonporous alumina and silica. Each mineral pair was of similar surface chemistry and differed only in the presence or absence of intraparticle mesoporosity. All amino acid monomers and polymers smaller than about one-half the pore diameter exhibited significantly greater surface area-normalized adsorption to mesoporous alumina (8.2 nm mean pore diameter) and silica (3.4 nm mean pore diameter) compared to nonporous mineral analogues. Proteins larger than the mesopores exhibited greater adsorption to the nonporous phases indicating their exclusion from internal surfaces of mesoporous minerals. Greater desorption hysteresis for mesopore-sorbed OM indicates that desorption from pores was inhibited. The adsorption/desorption data, as well as Langmuir-Freundlich modeling and adsorption affinity distributions, suggest that capillary condensation, a ‘pore-filling’ mechanism, may explain the experimental observations. These results provide a potential mechanism for the selective sequestration and preservation of sedimentary OM as well as organic contaminants.
Autocalibration from Tracks of Walking People

It has been shown that under a small number of assumptions, observations of people can be used to obtain metric calibration information of a camera, which is particularly useful for surveillance applications. However, previous work had to exclude the common criticial configuration of the camera’s principal point falling on the horizon line and very long focal lengths, both of which occur commonly in practise. Due to noise, the quality of the calibration quickly degrades at and in the vicinity of these configurations. This paper provides a robust solution to this problem by incorporating information about the motion of people into the estimation process. It is shown that under the assumption that people walk with a constant velocity, calibration performance can be improved significantly. In addition to solving the above problem, the incorporation of temporal data also helps to take correlations between subsequent detections into consideration, which leads to an up-front reduction of the noise in the measurements and an overall improvement in auto-calibration performance.
Extreme Value FEC for Wireless Data Broadcasting

The advent of practical rateless codes enables implementation of highly efficient packet-level forward error correction (FEC) strategies for reliable data broadcasting in loss-prone wireless networks. Yet, the critical question of accurately quantifying the proper amount of redundancy has remained largely unsolved. In this paper, we exploit advances in extreme value theory to rigorously address this problem. Under the asymptotic regime of a large number of receivers, we derive a closed-form expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the completion time of file distribution. We show the existence of a phase transition associated with this CDF and accurately locate the transition point. We derive tight convergence bounds demonstrating the accuracy of the asymptotic estimate for the practical case of a finite number of receivers. We also provide an asymptotic closed-form expression on the expected completion time under heterogeneous packet loss. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach through simulation and through real experiments on a testbed of 20 Tmote Sky sensors. Specifically, we augment the existing Rateless Deluge software dissemination protocol with an extreme value FEC strategy. The experimental results reveal reduction by a factor of five in retransmission request messages and by a factor of two in total dissemination time, at the cost of a marginally higher number of data packet transmissions in the order of 5%.
Varietal differences in peanut triacylglycerol structure

Stereospecific analysis of triacylglycerols from six peanut varieties showed diversity in percent fatty acid placement. Distribution of the fatty acids among thesn-1,-2 and-3 positions was clearly nonrandom. The percentages of palmitic and stearic acids, generally very low at thesn-2 position, were more predominant at thesn-1 than thesn-3 position. Long chain fatty acids were located almost exclusively at thesn-3 position. Thesn-2 position of all varieties was high in unsaturated fatty acids. Triacyglycerols were sufficiently different to suggest that concentrations of specific triacylglycerol species may vary with variety.
Hadley Circulation Response to Orbital Precession. Part I: Aquaplanets

The responseof the monsoonaland annual-meanHadley circulation to orbital precession is examined in an idealized atmospheric general circulation model with an aquaplanet slab-ocean lower boundary. Contrary to expectations, the simulated monsoonal Hadley circulation is weaker when perihelion occurs at the summer solstice than when aphelion occurs at the summer solstice. The angular momentum balance and energy balance are examined to understand the mechanisms that produce this result. That the summer with stronger insolation has a weaker circulation is the result of an increase in the atmosphere’s energetic stratification, the gross moist stability, which increases more than the amount required to balance the change in atmospheric energy flux divergence necessitated by the change in top-of-atmosphere net radiation. The solstice-season changes result in annual-mean Hadley circulation changes (e.g., changes in circulation strength).