cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commuting, congestion, and employment dispersal in cities with mixed land use ✩

Abstract For centuries, cities have been modeled as having centered employment—scarce access to which generates land rent. This paper first presents some new empirical evidence that in US cities actual employment turns out to be almost as dispersed as residences. This range of urban forms is generated with analytic ease in a model that assumes land can have “mixed” rather than exclusive use at any location. The model has firms trading off a central-agglomeration force against the lower wages that accompany shorter commuting distances in peripheral locations. At one extreme, with very high agglomerative forces, employment is approximately centered, with long commute distances and high congestion levels. At the other extreme, lower agglomerative forces lead to employment that is completely dispersed, commute distances of zero and the absence of congestion. Maximizing output-minus-congestion never leads to a pattern of land mixing where employment is fully dispersed. A market model, however, often does if the mix at each location is based on the relative magnitude of the land rent offered from residential as opposed to commercial uses.
Participation of Nitric Oxide and Iron in the Oxidation of DNA in Asbestos-Treated Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Treatment of human lung epithelial (A549) cells with crocidolite resulted in the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the DNA, synthesis of mRNA for the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and increased intracellular nitrite (NO2-), a stable oxidation product of NO. Iron, associated with crocidolite, was involved in both NO2- and 8-OHdG formation. Addition of the NOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG), reduced intracellular NO2- and prevented formation of 8-OHdG in crocidolite-treated cells, suggesting that NO was required in 8-OHdG formation. Addition of an NO-generating compound, diethyltriamine/NO, with AG and crocidolite resulted in recovery of 8-OHdG, further supporting a role for NO in oxidation of deoxyguanosine.
Fetal and adult cerebral artery KATP and KCa channel responses to long-term hypoxia

High-altitude long-term hypoxia (LTH) alters cerebral vascular contractile and relaxation responses in both fetus and adult. We tested the hypotheses that LTH-mediated vascular responses were secon...
Accuracy Assessment of Predictive Models of Grassland Bird Abundances in the Prairie Hardwood Transition Bird Conservation Region

Abstract We tested statistical models developed to predict abundances of grassland birds in the Prairie Hardwood Transition Bird Conservation Region of the upper midwestern United States. Roadside surveys were used to estimate relative abundances of grassland birds in 800 ha areas in the Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin portions of the region in 2003–2005. We then compared observed abundances with predicted abundances from spatial hierarchical models for seven species. Spearman's rho statistic for rank correlations suggested that observed abundances were positively correlated with predicted abundances for all species (rs = 0.21–0.60) except the Henslow's Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii; rs = 0.01). Observed abundances also were positively correlated with percent grassland in an area, and rank correlation values were similar to those obtained from the predictive models. Model accuracy was positively related to species' abundance and niche breadth. Our accuracy assessment suggested that the spatial hierarchical...
Review of the RF Economic Legislation In December 2013

In December, the following amendments were introduced into the legislation: amendments were introduced into Article 855 of Part II of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as regards the priority of debiting of cash funds in case of insufficient account balances for the purpose of meeting all the claims made; from January 1, 2014, the new minimum monthly pay was established; The Government of the Russian Federation approved a new Resolution Statute on the Procedure for Assignment of Academic Degrees.
Trauma History as a Predictor of Psychologic Symptoms in Women With Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: To identify predictors of psychiatric problems in women with early-stage breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty women with early-stage breast cancer were recruited from three treatment centers. They filled out self-report questionnaires, including a medical history and demographic survey, the Trauma History Questionnaire, Life Event Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, and were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that four of five variable sets made a significant incremental contribution to outcome prediction, with 35% to 37% of the variance explained. Outcomes were predicted by demographic variables, trauma history variables, precancer psychiatric diagnosis, recent life events, and perceived social support. Cancer treatment variables did not predict outcome. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the important roles of tr...
Book Review: When Cooperation Fails: The International Law and Politics of Genetically Modified Foods by Mark A. Pollack & Gregory C. Shaffer

Mark Pollack and Gregory Shaffer’s book (“When Cooperation Fails: The International Law and Politics of Genetically Modified Foods”) offers comprehensive and multi-dimensional perspectives on the international, in particular transatlantic, regulation of GM foods. The uber-narrative of this book is “governance” regarding the fundamental question of how (or whether) to regulate GM foods in transatlantic relations. The book captures the “failure of cooperation” or failed governance between two titans, the US and the EU. After a panoramic description on the history and recent developments of the transatlantic engagement on GM foods issues, they present conditions and constraints which deter productive interaction (cooperation) between them. However, the book largely leaves unattended the root cause of tension in this particular dispute: the inherently uncertain and provisional nature of “science” which the regulation of GM foods inevitably involves. It is important to note that the inherently uncertain and provisional nature of risk science around GM foods itself institutes a deep structure beneath all these diverging phenomena.
The Effects of Sub-Regional Climate Velocity on the Distribution and Spatial Extent of Marine Species Assemblages

Many studies illustrate variable patterns in individual species distribution shifts in response to changing temperature. However, an assemblage, a group of species that shares a common environmental niche, will likely exhibit similar responses to climate changes, and these community-level responses may have significant implications for ecosystem function. Therefore, we examine the relationship between observed shifts of species in assemblages and regional climate velocity (i.e., the rate and direction of change of temperature isotherms). The assemblages are defined in two sub-regions of the U.S. Northeast Shelf that have heterogeneous oceanography and bathymetry using four decades of bottom trawl survey data and we explore temporal changes in distribution, spatial range extent, thermal habitat area, and biomass, within assemblages. These sub-regional analyses allow the dissection of the relative roles of regional climate velocity and local physiography in shaping observed distribution shifts. We find that assemblages of species associated with shallower, warmer waters tend to shift west-southwest and to shallower waters over time, possibly towards cooler temperatures in the semi-enclosed Gulf of Maine, while species assemblages associated with relatively cooler and deeper waters shift deeper, but with little latitudinal change. Conversely, species assemblages associated with warmer and shallower water on the broad, shallow continental shelf from the Mid-Atlantic Bight to Georges Bank shift strongly northeast along latitudinal gradients with little change in depth. Shifts in depth among the southern species associated with deeper and cooler waters are more variable, although predominantly shifts are toward deeper waters. In addition, spatial expansion and contraction of species assemblages in each region corresponds to the area of suitable thermal habitat, but is inversely related to assemblage biomass. This suggests that assemblage distribution shifts in conjunction with expansion or contraction of thermal habitat acts to compress or stretch marine species assemblages, which may respectively amplify or dilute species interactions to an extent that is rarely considered. Overall, regional differences in climate change effects on the movement and extent of species assemblages hold important implications for management, mitigation, and adaptation on the U.S. Northeast Shelf.
Behavior of Stationary Wire Ropes in Tension and Bending

This experimental investigation of the behavior of wire ropes in tension and bending was undertaken in order to determine their strengths and the stresses produced under load, and to compare these ...
Regularization parameter trimming for iterative image reconstruction

Conventional automatic parameter choosing involves testing many parameter values, increasing computing time for iterative image reconstructions. The proposed approach first measures the image quality after each iteration and then predicts the convergence trend corresponding to each value of the parameter. Values unlikely to achieve the best quality upon convergence are trimmed from successive iterations to save time. Experimental results show that our parameter trimming method could reduce the running time of total variation parameter selection solved by Split Bregman iteration by more than 50% when the numbers of iterations and parameter candidates are large.
Diagnosing drug-induced AIN in the hospitalized patient: A challenge for the clinician

Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a relatively common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI). While prerenal AKI and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are the most common forms of AKI in the hospital, AIN is likely the next most common. Clinicians must differentiate the various causes of hospital-induced AKI; however, it is often difficult to distinguish AIN from ATN in such patients. While standardized criteria are now used to classify AKI into stages of severity, they do not permit differentiation of the various types of AKI. This is not a minor point, as these different AKI types often require different therapeutic interventions. Clinicians assess and differentiate AIN from these other AKI causes by utilizing clinical assessment, various imaging tests, and certain laboratory data. Gallium scintigraphy has been employed with mixed results. While a few serum tests, such as eosinophilia may be helpful, examination of the urine with tests such as dipstick urinalysis, urine chemistries, urine eosinophils, and urine microscopy are primarily utilized. Unfortunately, these tools are not always sufficient to definitively clinch the diagnosis, making it a challenging task for the clinician. As a result, kidney biopsy is often required to accurately diagnose AIN and guide management.
SP0024 Microparticles in haemostasis and thrombosis

Microparticles (MPs) (also known as microvesicles) are small membrane vesicles that are released from activated and apoptotic cells. They are defined as 0.1-1 μm in diameter and are therefore larger than exosomes. Formation of MPs requires activation of an ATP-dependent lipid transporter called scramblase that translocated phosphatidylserine (PS) from the inner to outer leaflet. Subsequent membrane blebbing is followed by release of a MP. MPs are procoagulant because the exposed PS provides a docking site for the assembly of different coagulation protease complexes. In addition, the presence of the transmembrane glycoprotein called tissue factor (TF) increases their procoagulant activity. Levels of TF-positive MPs are increased in a variety of diseases, including acute coronary syndromes, sepsis, diabetes, sickle cell disease and cancer. Hyperlipidemia induces TF expression in circulating monocytes and these cells subsequently release TF-positive MPs that may contribute to arterial thrombosis after rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. In cancer, tumors release high levels of TF-positive MPs into the circulation and they may trigger venous thrombosis. These studies suggest that levels of TF-positive MPs can be used clinically to assess thrombotic risk in different diseases. Disclosure of Interest N. Mackman Consultant for: Merck
Survey of Disinfection and Sterilization Quality of Stomatological Institutions in Tongling City

Objective To understand stand the present situation of disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments in the stomatological institutions of Tongling,Anhui province in order to find out existing problems and propose corresponding countermeasures.Methods 27 stomatology institutions in the city was investigated.Sampling for examination was used to carry out examination of various environments and articles in 2006 and 2007 according to the Chinese hygienic standard for disinfection in hospitals.Results The rate of possessing quick autoclave was 40.7% in stomatological institutions in Tongling.All these stomatological institutions used glutaraldehyde immersion for sterilization.The ability to test the disinfection effect was different at different levels of stomatological institutions.For monitoring autoclaving efficacy in these stomatology institutions,the rate of using biological methods was 77.8% in the secondary care and above public hospitals,28.6% in the primary public hospitals,0% in the private stomatological institutions.Disinfection effect was random monitored in these stomatological institutions by Tongling CDC in 2006 and 2007.The eligible disinfection rates were 89.0%.The eligible disinfection rates of the two levels of stomatological institutions were 98.2% and 83.2% respectively.Conclusion The equipment and methods for disinfection and sterilization of stomatology instruments in Tongling could essentially meet the requirement.There were lots of problems in the private stomatological institutions.The monitoring of disinfection and sterilization effects needs to be strengthened.
The Evaluation Quota System of the Utilization Ratio of Enterprise Capital and Synthetic Judgement

The evaluation quota system of utilization ratio of capital has been defined in this article, which includes four quotas of the first grade and fifteen quotas of the second grade then use the synthetic judgement method of the fuzzy mathematics, quantitative analysis and synthetic judgement and build the evaluation factor collection of quota system. According to " fully degree subordination " principle, the good and bad sides of capital utilization ratio is evaluated.
Power Relations Their Embodiment in Research

The purpose of this column is to consider the notion of power in research. To that end, the idea of power is considered from the perspective of philosophy and then linked to a nursing concept analysis that compares the differences between power over and power to. Then, the nature of power relations is compared and contrasted between quantitative and qualitative methodologies.
Neuropsychiatry of fragile X-premutation carriers with and without fragile X-associated tremor–ataxia syndrome: implications for neuropsychology

AbstractObjectives: Clinical neuropsychologists benefit from clinical currency in recently ascertained neuropsychiatric illness, such as fragile X premutation (FXPM) disorders. The author reviewed the clinical literature through 2016 for neuropsychiatric phenotypes in FXPM disorders, including patients with fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS).Methods: A PubMed search using the search terms ‘Fragile X,’ ‘Premutation,’ ‘Carriers,’ ‘Psychiatric,’ ‘Dementia,’ ‘Mood,’ and ‘Anxiety’ for citations in the clinical literature through 2016 was reviewed for studies specifically examining the neuropsychiatric phenotype in FXPM patients. The relevant articles were classified according to specific neuropsychiatric syndromes, including child onset, adult onset with and without FXTAS, as well as common systemic comorbidities in FXPM patients.Results: Eighty-six articles were reviewed for the neuropsychiatric and other phenotypes in FXPM patients. The neuropsychiatric phenotype in FXPM patients is distinct...
Abstract 977: RNA-sequencing analysis implicates novel non-coding RNAs in human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive disease marked by frequent recurrence and metastasis and stagnant survival rates. Given the recent emergence of human papillomavirus (HPV) as a major etiological factor in head and neck cancers, there exists a pressing need to better resolve the molecular heterogeneity of HNSCCs, define more precise diagnostic and prognostic tools, and develop a wider repertoire of targeted therapies. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been increasingly viewed as promising sources of insight into cancer onset and progression, with their diverse regulatory roles, tissue specificity, and aberrant expression in various human diseases now established by a multitude of studies. Using RNA-sequencing data from 466 HNSCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we sought to investigate the transcriptome-wide dysregulation of both classes of ncRNAs in HPV-associated HNSCCs. Differential expression analyses controlled for patient smoking status revealed 5 lncRNAs and 9 miRNAs exhibiting significantly altered regulation between HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC tumors (FDR Citation Format: Angela E. Zou, Aswini R. Krishnan, Yinan Xuan, Maarouf A. Saad, Avinaash Korrapati, Sunil J. Advani, Jessica Wang-Rodriguez, Weg Ongkeko. RNA-sequencing analysis implicates novel non-coding RNAs in human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 977.
Infrared photometry with 'wall-eyed' pointing at the Large Binocular Telescope

The brightness and variability of the atmosphere in the thermal infrared poses obstacles to precision photometry measurements. The need to remove atmospheric effects calls for the use of a comparison star, but it is usually impossible to fit both science and comparison targets on current long-wavelength (>2 μm) detectors. We present a new pointing mode at the Large Binocular Telescope, which has twin 8.4-m primary mirrors that can be pointed up to ~2 arcminutes apart and allow the placement of both targets on a small-field infrared detector. We present an observation of the primary transit of an exoplanet in front of its host star, and use it to provide preliminary constraints on the attainable photometric precision.
Penetrating Orbital Injury From a Needlefish.

ABSTRACTOrbital penetrating injuries are an unfortunately common occurrence; however, those from marine animals are rare. Injuries from marine animals can be quite profound and there are no known reports of complete visual recovery after an orbital penetrating injury. Complications range from secondary infection to a carotid-cavernous fistula, which can complicate the management of these patients. We report a case of penetrating orbital injury from a needlefish with complete return of visual function after surgical removal of foreign debris and an extended course of antibiotics.
Energy efficiency of electronic and optical QAM signal grooming

Wavelength grooming technologies when used with power management schemes can reduce the energy consumption of optical networks and increase spectral efficiency. Grooming aggregates multiple tributary lower data rate or lower order modulation format signals into a single higher data rate signal with increased spectral efficiency. At high data rates electronic digital signal processing of multiple advanced modulation format signals limits the net energy efficiency benefits. Optical techniques have received interest recently as an alternative, but require specialized optical components with unique energy requirements. The relative energy consumption of optical processing techniques for grooming, including the impact of power management, is evaluated with respect to conventional electronic processing on quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signals. Energy efficiency targets in light of expected efficiency improvement trends are determined as a function of signal baud rate. The impact of finite transmission switching delays for dynamic wavelength operation are shown to reduce the optimum baud rate for optical techniques and incur a large penalty at high baud rates.
The impact of caregiver-mediated JASPER on child restricted and repetitive behaviors and caregiver responses.

Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to the social-communication impairments children show, we know less about why children engage in these repetitive actions and behaviors and how to help children (and their caregivers) with these behaviors. As a result, early intervention has typically focused on social-communication. In this study, we were interested in understanding how child RRBs changed following an intervention that targeted social-communication behaviors and if the training caregivers received changed how they responded to their child's RRBs. Eighty-six toddlers with ASD and their caregivers received one of two interventions: caregivers were either actively coached while playing with their child (JASPER) or attended information sessions about ASD. On three different occasions, caregivers were filmed playing with their child. From these recordings, we looked at child RRBs and how their caregiver responded to these behaviors. Child RRBs did not show much change after 10 weeks of intervention in both groups, but increased when the children returned at 6 months. Caregivers who received one-on-one coaching (JASPER) responded to more of their child's RRBs and these responses were rated as more successful. Our study provides some evidence that a short-term social-communication intervention can lead to “spillover effects” in how caregivers responded to their child's RRBs. Interventions targeting social-communication behaviors should examine how these treatments affect child RRBs and how caregiver responses to these behaviors may change following training. Autism Res 2016,. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Imaging Review of Common Space-Occupying Lesions of the Pediatric Head and Neck

Head and neck masses continue to be a common indication for neuroradiological evaluation of pediatric patients. Etiologies include inflammatory, congenital, benign neoplastic, and malignant neoplastic lesions. The incidence of childhood head and neck malignancy is increasing, and therefore should always be included in the differential diagnosis of a pediatric patient presenting with a space-occupying lesion of the head or neck. Many factors can aid in an accurate diagnosis, including age of the patient, location of the mass, and imaging features. This article will review several benign and malignant pediatric head and neck neoplasms, as well as congenital lesions, and focus on their imaging features.
Dinosaurs, Extinction Theories for

Popular accounts say all dinosaurs died instantly from the impact of an asteroid, comet, or meteor 65 Ma. Arguments continue to be made that dinosaurs were at the height of their taxonomic diversity at the time of their extinction. When examined in detail, the only good records we have of this extinction in North America show that the number of species of dinosaurs had declined by as much as 40% before their extinction. Dinosaurs were not alone. Of the over 100 vertebrate species (including dinosaurs) known at the time of these extinctions in North America, ∼50% became extinct. Chances of survival were much lower if you were a large, terrestrial, amniotic endotherm rather than a small, freshwater, anamniotic ectotherm. Except for a recent hypothesis, none of the suggested “Dante’s inferno” events accompanying the impact can explain this pattern of survival and extinction. This recent hypothesis argues that a pulse of intense thermal radiation killed any unsheltered organisms. While it is intriguing, a scenario of multiple causes (marine regression, habitat fragmentation, volcanism, and impact) better explains the pattern of extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous era, including that of nonavian dinosaurs.
Redefining essential fatty acids in the era of novel intravenous lipid emulsions

Summary The essentiality of fatty acids was determined by the Burrs in the 1920s. It is commonly accepted that provision of linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic acids (ALA) prevents and reverses essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). Development of alternative injectable lipid emulsions (ILE) low in LA and ALA has raised concern about their ability to prevent EFAD. This review provides biochemical evidence coupled with observations from animal and human studies that aim to characterize which fatty acids are truly essential to prevent EFAD. Retroconversion pathways and mobilization from body stores suggest that arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (ARA and DHA – the main derivatives of LA and ALA, respectively) also prevent EFAD. Our group first proposed the essentiality of ARA and DHA by feeding mice exclusively these fatty acids and proving that they prevent EFAD. Survival for 5 generations on this diet provides additional evidence that growth and reproductive capabilities are maintained. Moreover, the use of fish oil-based ILE, with minimal LA and ALA and abundant DHA and ARA, for treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease, does not result in EFAD. These findings challenge the essentiality of LA and ALA in the presence of ARA and DHA. Evidence discussed in this review supports the idea that ARA and DHA can independently fulfill dietary essential fatty acid requirements. The imminent introduction of new ILE rich in ARA and DHA in the United States highlights the importance of understanding their essentiality, especially when provision of ALA and LA is below the established daily minimum requirement.
Abstract 974: Automating deconvolution of heterogeneous bulk tumor genomic data

Tumor heterogeneity has been linked to many measures of poor patient outcome. Despite numerous recent methodological advances, though, reliable estimates of clonal and subclonal architecture remain elusive. We present advances in computational deconvolution of tumor heterogeneity, aimed at better handling complex substructure, more automated inference, and increased flexibility to heterogeneous genomic data sources. Our methods make use of geometric models of mixture substructure, a specialized form of a strategy called manifold learning, to better resolve clonal substructure shared across genomic samples. We validate the methods on breast tumor dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We find statistically significant Spearman correlation between inferred mixture models and independently derived clinical subtype across DNA, RNA, and combined datasets. DAVID tissue term enrichment, applied to inferred amplified gene sets, further yields significant correlation (p Citation Format: Theodore Roman, Brenda Xiao, Russell Schwartz. Automating deconvolution of heterogeneous bulk tumor genomic data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 974. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-974
Adoption of wide bandgap technology in hybrid/electric vehicles-opportunities and challenges

Wide bandgap devices are widely believed to be the enabler of the next generation power electronic systems due to their superior characteristics such as low loss, high speed, and high temperature operating capabilities. In the automotive industry, wide bandgap devices will also be a game changer in many aspects of the hybrid/electric vehicles, most notably in the electric propulsion and battery charging systems. This paper will present a comprehensive review of the wide bandgap power switching devices and their adoption in hybrid/electric vehicles.
Online Arbitration as a Remedy for Crowdfunding Fraud

It is now legal to sell securities to the general public in unregistered, crowdfunded offerings. But offerings pursuant to the new federal crowdfunding exemption pose a serious risk of fraud. The buyers will be mostly small, unsophisticated investors, the issuers will be mostly small startups about whom little is known, and crowdfunded offerings lack some of the protections available in registered offerings. Some of the requirements of the exemption may reduce the incidence of fraud, but there will undoubtedly be fraudulent offerings. An effective antifraud remedy is needed to compensate investors and help deter wrongdoers. But, because of the small dollar amounts involved, neither individual litigation nor class actions will usually be feasible; the cost of suing will usually exceed the expected recovery. Federal and state securities regulators are also unlikely to focus their limited enforcement resources on small crowdfunding offerings. A more effective remedy is needed. Arbitration is cheaper, but even ordinary arbitration will often be too expensive for the small amounts invested in crowdfunding. In this article, I attempt to design a simplified, cost-effective arbitration remedy to deal with crowdfunding fraud. The arbitration remedy should be unilateral; crowdfunding issuers should be obligated to arbitrate, but not investors. Crowdfunding arbitration should be online, with the parties limited to written submissions. But it should be public, and arbitrators should be required to publish their findings. The arbitrators should be experts on both crowdfunding and securities law, and they should take an active, inquisitorial role in developing the evidence. Finally, all of the investors in an offering should be able to consolidate their claims into an arbitration class action.
Enhancing Organic Semiconductor-Surface Plasmon Polariton Coupling with Molecular Orientation.

Due to strong electric field enhancements, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are capable of drastically increasing light-molecule coupling in organic optoelectronic devices. The electric field enhancement, however, is anisotropic, offering maximal functional benefits if molecules are oriented perpendicular to the interface. To provide a clear demonstration of this orientation dependence, we study SPP dispersion and SPP-mediated photoluminescence at a model Au/small-molecule interface where identical molecules can be deposited with two very different molecular backbone orientations depending on processing conditions. First, we demonstrate that thin films of p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2 can be deposited with either all “in-plane” (parallel to substrate) or a 50/50 mix of in-plane/“out-of-plane” (perpendicular to substrate) optical transition dipoles by the absence or presence, respectively, of diiodooctane during spin-coating. In contrast to typical orientation control observed in organic thin films, for this particular...
Fictions of Eichmann: the authentic self, authenticity, and the facts of atrocity

This essay chronicles a turning point in the concept of legal evidence as it is used to establish the reality of atrocity. In the wake of the Eichmann trial that began in 1961 and Hannah Arendt’s c...
Algorithms for Pyramid Machines

This chapter analyzes pyramid algorithms for solving the problems considered in Chapter 5. All problems will be solved on a pyramid computer having a P½ × P½ base level of the pyrainid contains one-fourth as many PEs as the next lower level. All algorithms operate on N data items that are already stored in the lowest level of the pyramid. Each internal PE is connected to nine other PEs: one parent, four neighbors on its own level, and four children. Each PE has a constant number of words of memory. The pyramid computer operates in an SIMD mode with uniform addressing and weak uniform communication. Each PE has a mask register that selectively disables PEs.
Potential for Genetic Engineering for Salt Tolerance

All living processes are ultimately coded for by heredity material, usually DNA. Salt tolerance is no exception, and it is reasonable to speak of “salt tolerance genes” codings for this property in both simple as well as complex organisms. Genetic engineering of salt tolerance is the application of genetic techniques for harnessing and manipulating the salt tolerance genes for production of food, fiber, oil and energy. For example, it is clear from the studies of Epstein and co-workers and Rains, reported in this volume, that higher plants have evolved salt tolerance genes allowing growth at different levels of salt in the environment. It is also well known that a variety of microorganisms have evolved salt tolerance genes. The potential for using techniques of recombinant DNA for genetic engineering of salt tolerance genes in bacteria is discussed here with the objective of increasing the utility and productivity of these organisms in a salty world. A brief discussion of various natural sources for isolating salt tolerance genes of microorganisms will be followed by a description of the current state of the art of “genetic engineering technology” as it might be applied to salt tolerance with the concluding sections dealing with symbiotic N2 fixation. These organisms share the outstanding property of harnessing solar energy as a power source for biological nitrogen fixation.
NIMH Emergency Response System in Case of Nuclear Accident

Experiences have shown that industrial accidents causing a release of harmful (chemical or nuclear) material to the atmosphere can have consequences extending to hundreds and even thousands of kilometers. Obviously, in this case it is very important to receive the information about the possible long-range transport of pollution over the country. The radioactivity monitoring systems are particularly useful, but they just specify whether there is a raise in the radioactivity levels, i.e. they give warnings when the pollutant is already over the country. That is why computer-based Emergency Response Systems (ERS) has been established in many countries for application in emergency management by simulating and predicting the release distribution.
Korean Election, 1948: Consultation, Observation and Report

Untcok, the occupation and a free election — If the Temporary Commission were to follow the letter of its resolution of March 10, it might yet have refused to observe an election in Korea. For the proviso that a free atmosphere must exist created a situation in which the Commission had to act positively to concur in the United States decision to hold an election. Since the election was scheduled for May 9, just two months were left for the Commission to determine whether a free atmosphere existed and to create some device for observation. The Temporary Commission had been given only undefined powers by the General Assembly to observe an election in Korea. Some guides were provided in the General Assembly recommendation that it be held on the basis of adult suffrage and by secret ballot and that the number of representatives elected be proportionate to the population. UNTCOK was instructed to facilitate and expedite the election, but the precise means of doing so were left to it to decide.1
Sports Injuries in the Adolescent

As the number of children and adolescents participating in both ­organized and recreational athletic activities increases, pediatric sports injuries are becoming much more common. It has been estimated that over 30 million children participate in either recreational or organized sports, and the number is growing every year. Many of these injuries are chronic in nature and are the result of overuse and overtraining. However, traumatic injuries are not uncommon, requiring an estimated 2.5 million emergency room visits annually. While head and neck injuries comprise a significant proportion of pediatric sports injuries, upper and lower extremity injuries are much more common. Injury patterns in skeletally immature athletes are distinct from adults in that physes may also be involved whereas adults have primarily ligamentous and tendinous injuries.
Activity Detection and Analysis Using Smartphone Sensors

The smartphones have multiple built-in sensors – each having a specific function which helps the device perform efficiently. These sensors can potentially be used to detect events or gather data about human activities. The use of machine learning algorithms on smartphone sensor data could have numerous applications in finance, healthcare, entertainment, etc. In this research, we develop mechanisms to gather sensor data and study how the data can be used to differentiate patterns in user physical motions. In this research, multiple behaviors were distinguished using sensor data. For our experiments, we focus on three classes of human activity which are walking, standing, and running. Included in our data is the sensor input while the device is sitting in a stationary position. We developed a smartphone application for the Android platform to gather data from a mobile device. To detect the device motion, our experiments will use the smartphone accelerometer and gyroscope. From the data collected through an application, we create a feature set which consists of linear acceleration, normal acceleration and angular acceleration of the device. To differentiate each activity in our dataset, we used a naive Bayes algorithm and k-means clustering. Our model showed an 85% accuracy in activity classification using a data set of five hundred sensor data entries. In conclusion, our results show that onboard sensors of smartphones can contribute in human activity recognition.
An Introductory Course in Bioengineering and Biotechnology for Chemical Engineering Sophomores.

Advances in the biological sciences necessitate the training of chemical engineers to translate these fundamental discoveries into applications that will benefit society. Accordingly, Tulane University revised its core chemical engineering curriculum in 2005 to include a new introductory course in bioengineering and biotechnology for sophomores. The unique features of this course are the extent to which it integrates bioengineering and biotechnology topics, and emphasizes the development of problem-solving and computational skills at the sophomore level.
Drag on flat plates of arbitrary porosity

A new model for the drag force on a two-dimensional flat plate of arbitrary porosity, oriented normal to the free stream, is introduced. The model is an extension of that introduced by Koo & James (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 60(3), 1973, pp. 513–538), where the performance at low porosities is improved by including a base-suction term. The additional drag due to the base suction is calculated implicitly using momentum theory, which makes the model self-contained. The model predictions exhibit convincing agreement with experimental observations over a wide range of porosities, including the solid case, as long as shedding is absent or suppressed.
Extended high-frequency hearing enables better talker and singer head orientation detection

Why is the human auditory brain endowed with sensitivity to acoustical energy at frequencies beyond 8 kHz? While this “treble” range is known to be important for music quality, we hypothesize that extended high-frequency hearing capability has been obtained and retained, in part, due to its utility for the detection and perception of conspecific vocalizations (i.e., human speech and voice). More specifically, we hypothesized that access to the highest frequencies enables better detection of a vocalizer’s head orientation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed human listeners’ ability to detect changes in talker and singer head orientations, and the effect of removing access to the highest frequencies on that ability. Detection of head orientation was significantly impaired by low-pass filtering at 8 and even 10 kHz. One implication is that extended high-frequency hearing loss might impair a listener’s ability to detect whether a talker is facing the listener—a skill presumably useful for “cocktail party” listening. Why is the human auditory brain endowed with sensitivity to acoustical energy at frequencies beyond 8 kHz? While this “treble” range is known to be important for music quality, we hypothesize that extended high-frequency hearing capability has been obtained and retained, in part, due to its utility for the detection and perception of conspecific vocalizations (i.e., human speech and voice). More specifically, we hypothesized that access to the highest frequencies enables better detection of a vocalizer’s head orientation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed human listeners’ ability to detect changes in talker and singer head orientations, and the effect of removing access to the highest frequencies on that ability. Detection of head orientation was significantly impaired by low-pass filtering at 8 and even 10 kHz. One implication is that extended high-frequency hearing loss might impair a listener’s ability to detect whether a talker is facing the listener—a skill presumably useful for “cocktail party” l...
Emancipation for Muslim Women Living in France

Abstract: Emancipation for Muslim women in France is an ongoing struggle expressed and examined through contemporary French and Francophone literature and film. In Inch´Allah Dimanche (God-Willing on Sunday) and Memoires d´immigres: l´heritage maghrebin (Immigrant Memories: Maghrebin Heritage), French-Algerian filmmaker Yamina Benguigui illustrates the social, economic, and religious difficulties experienced by immigrants of the Maghreb to France following France´s family regroupment law of 1974. These difficulties continue today and have contributed to an identity crisis that is preventing Muslim women from achieving emancipation. Leila Djitli addresses the notion of identity crisis as it pertains to the experience of the Muslim immigrant woman in France Lettre a ma fille qui veut porter le voile (A Letter to my Daughter Who Wants to Wear the Veil). Through her documentary-like approach, Djitli examines the feelings of exile that contribute to identity crisis. This paper will analyze Frances recent Muslim immigrant history from the Algerian War to present day through these works as it pertains to the role of identity in emancipation. The analysis will consider Western feminist and Islamic feminist perspectives as well as the French position on secularism and its role in the French public sphere. Resumen: La emancipacion para mujeres musulmanas en Francia es una lucha continua expresada y examinada a traves de la literatura y el cine franceses contemporaneos. En las obras Inch´Allah Dimanch (Inch´Allah domingo) y Memoires d´inmigres: l´heritage maghrebin (Recuerdos de inmigrantes: la herencia musulmana), la cineasta franco-argelina Yamina Benguigui ilustra las dificultades sociales, economicas y religiosas vividas por los inmigrantes del Maghreb a Francia tras la ley de reagrupamiento familiar de 1974. Estas dificultades siguen hoy en dia y han contribuido a una crisis de identidad que impide que las mujeres musulmanas logren su emancipacion. Leila Djitli aborda esta idea de crisis de identidad en cuanto a la experiencia de la inmigrante musulmana en Francia en su obra Lettre a ma fille qui veut porter le voile (Carta a mi hija que quiere llevar el velo). A traves de su estilo documental, Djitli investiga los sentimientos del exilio que contribuyen a esta crisis de identidad. Este trabajo analizara la historia reciente de los inmigrantes musulmanes en Francia a partir de la Guerra de Independencia de Argelia hasta hoy dia a traves de estas obras y como estas pertenecen al papel de la identidad en emancipacion. El analisis considera tanto las perspectivas feministas occidentales y musulmanas como la postura francesa en cuanto al laicismo y su papel en el ambito publico frances.
Fast Enumeration of Non-isomorphic Chemical Reaction Networks

Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) have been applied successfully to model a wide range of phenomena and are commonly used for designing molecular computation circuits. Often, CRNs with specific properties (oscillations, Turing patterns, multistability) are sought, which entails searching an exponentially large space of CRNs for those that satisfy a property. As the size of the CRNs being considered grows, so does the frequency of isomorphisms, by up to a factor \(N!\), where \(N\) is the number of species. Accordingly, being able to generate sets of non-isomorphic CRNs within a class can lead to large computational savings when carrying out global searches. Here, we present a bijective encoding of bimolecular CRNs into novel vertex-coloured digraphs called Open image in new window . The problem of enumerating non-isomorphic CRNs can then be tackled by leveraging well-established computational methods from graph theory [20]. In particular, we extend Nauty, the graph isomorphism tool suite by McKay [22]. Our method is highly parallelisable and more efficient than competing approaches, and a software package (genCRN) is freely available for reuse. Non-isomorphs are generated directly by genCRN, alleviating the need to store intermediate results. We provide the first complete count of all 2-species bimolecular CRNs and extend previous known counts for classes of CRNs of special interest, such as mass-conserving and reversible CRNs.
Utilizing the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) to assess quality of life among breast cancer patients at an academic center.

e23171Background: NCI PROMIS assesses physical, mental and social health across multiple health conditions. Despite interest in using PROMIS in oncology trials and clinical care, reference values i...
Rev. of Facebook Society: Losing Ourselves in Sharing Ourselves

I think it is fair to characterize Roberto Simanowski’s Facebook Society: Losing Ourselves in Sharing Ourselves as an elegy for a certain kind of autobiography: the more or less extended, intention...
Distracting Objects Induce Early Quitting in Visual Search

Task-irrelevant objects can sometimes capture attention and increase the time it takes an observer to find a target. However, less is known about how these distractors impact visual search strategies. Here, I found that salient distractors reduced rather than increased response times on target-absent trials (Experiment 1; N = 200). Combined with higher error rates on target-present trials, these results indicate that distractors can induce observers to quit search earlier than they otherwise would. These effects were replicated when target prevalence was low (Experiment 2; N = 200) and with different stimuli that elicited shallower search slopes (Experiment 3; N = 75). These results demonstrate that salient distractors can produce at least two consequences in visual search: They can capture attention, and they can cause observers to quit searching early. This novel finding has implications both for understanding visual attention and for examining distraction in real-world domains where targets are often absent, such as medical image screening.