cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time to reconsider extended erythropoietin treatment for infantile traumatic brain injury

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most efforts to reduce the chronic impact of pediatric TBI involve prevention and minimization of secondary injury. Currently, no treatments are used in routine clinical care during the acute and subacute phases to actively repair injury to the developing brain. The endogenous pluripotent cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) holds promise as an emerging neuroreparative agent in perinatal brain injury (PBI). EPO signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for multiple stages of neurodevelopment, including the genesis, survival and differentiation of multiple lineages of neural cells. Postnatally, EPO signaling decreases markedly as the CNS matures. Importantly, high-dose, extended EPO regimens have shown efficacy in preclinical controlled cortical impact (CCI) models of infant TBI at two different, early ages by independent research groups. Specifically, extended high-dose EPO treatment after infantile CCI prevents long-term cognitive deficits in adult rats. Because of the striking differences in the molecular and cellular responses to both injury and recovery in the developing and mature CNS, and the excellent safety profile of EPO in infants and children, extended courses of EPO are currently in Phase III trials for neonates with PBI. Extended, high-dose EPO may also warrant testing for infants and young children with TBI.
Predicting soil wind erosion potential under different corn residue management scenarios in the central Great Plains

Abstract Various models and simplified equations are available to predict wind erosion potential. However, their performance can be often site-specific, depending on soil characteristics and agronomic practices, warranting site-specific model validations. Thus, in this study, we 1) validated the wind erodible fraction (WEF) predictive equations by Fryrear et al. (1994) and Lopez et al. (2007) and 2) estimated the total soil loss with the Single-event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP) using 3-yr measured data from six experiments located across a precipitation gradient in the central Great Plains. Each site had three corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal treatments: control (no removal), grazed, and baled. The measured and predicted WEF were significantly correlated. While the Fryrear et al. (1994) equation performed better than the Lopez et al. (2007) equation, it underestimated WEF with 59% uncertainty across site-years. To reduce this underestimation and uncertainty, we developed a new statistical equation (WEF% = 84.3 + 2.64 × % silt-0.30 × % clay-7.43 × % organic matter-0.15 × % residue cover; r2 = 0.56). The predictive ability of the new equation was, however, no better than that of the existing predictive equations, suggesting the need for further refinement of WEF equations for the region. Simulated total soil loss by wind using the SWEEP model indicated that corn residue baling may increase soil loss if residue cover drops below 20% in the study region. Overall, the existing WEF equations could under- or over-estimate WEF based on site-specific residue management, warranting further model refinement and site-specific validation, whereas the SWEEP estimated soil loss corroborates the critical importance of maintaining sufficient residue cover (>20%) to reduce wind erosion.
Telemedicine: Teleeverything Phenomena (Part 2)

Telemedicine, as practiced today, is a major new development in medicine. It allows healthcare practitioners to diagnose, treat, and monitor patients at a distance using telecommunications technology. It is a process, not a technology. It is not a new branch of medicine; it is integrated in many different medical fields . Telemedicine applications span the areas of telecare, telecardiology, teleradiology, telepathology, teledermatology, teleophtlalmology, teleoncology, telepsychiatry or “teleeveryting” in general. This paper mainly focuses on these applications. In each of these applications, the professional is remote from the patient. Based on our knowledge, these various applications of telemedicine are not covered in one place as done in this paper.
Phenology, herbivory, and bioeconomics of the bean leaf beetle on soybean

Bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), adults were sampled from 1986 through 1988 in soybean and alfalfa in central Iowa to ascertain the seasonal and diurnal phenology of this pest. Data from all three years indicated that two generations of this insect occur in Iowa. Overwintering adults inhabited alfalfa before soybean emergence, colonized soybeans immediately after seedlings appeared, and died by late June. adults were abundant from late June to midor late August, and F2 adults from early August to soybean maturation. Females were more abundant than males among overwintering and F^ adults, but neither sex of F2 adults was more numerous. The yellow/red adult ratio was greater during the fall than in the spring, indicating greater winter survivorship of red adults. For the period from 0830 h to 2030 h, adult abundance was least at 0830 h and 1000 h, the period of heavy dew on the soybean canopy. From 1300 h to 1600 h captures of females with developing ovaries declined, whereas catches of females with fully developed eggs increased.
Screening of Broader Autism Phenotype Symptoms in Siblings: Support for a Distinct Model of Symptomatology

Research on siblings of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that some phenotypic presentation, known as the broader autism phenotype (BAP), is common among siblings without an ASD diagnosis (e.g., Ruzich et al. in Autism Res 9(6):658-665, 2016). Whereas the symptoms that underlie both ASD and the BAP share commonality, the structure of these symptoms in youth with ASD and their siblings may differ. The current study assessed whether differences arise in the factor structure of the Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) between youth with ASD and their siblings in a sample of 221 sibling dyads. Results suggest similar factor structures for ASD and BAP; however, number of symptoms endorsed, as opposed to the degree of severity, may better differentiate BAP.
Interprofessional Education on Feeding, Swallowing, and Nutrition—Best “Served” With OT, Speech Therapy, and Nutrition

Date Presented 04/04/19 The innovative use of a feeding, swallowing, and nutrition interprofessional education event gave students the opportunity to learn about and practice various aspects of how OTs, speech therapists, and nutritionists work together. Students from these three different fields of study expanded their knowledge of each profession’s scope of practice and learned how interprofessional collaboration can result in the maximum benefit for a client in the healthcare setting. Primary Author and Speaker: Veronica Rowe Additional Authors and Speakers: Emily Millard, Chelsea Clarkson
Coronary Bypass With the Free Internal Thoracic Artery to Treat Anomalous Right Coronary Artery

The surgical treatment of anomalous origin of the coronary artery remains controversial. We present 3 cases of young adults who underwent free right internal thoracic artery to right coronary artery bypass for the treatment of symptomatic anomalous origin of the right coronary artery.
A Macro Agent and Its Actions

In science, macro level descriptions of the causal interactions within complex, dynamical systems are typically deemed convenient, but ultimately reducible to a complete causal account of the underlying micro constituents. Yet, such a reductionist perspective is hard to square with several issues related to autonomy and agency: (1) agents require (causal) borders that separate them from the environment, (2) at least in a biological context, agents are associated with macroscopic systems, and (3) agents are supposed to act upon their environment. Integrated information theory (IIT) offers a quantitative account of causation based on a set of causal principles, including notions such as causal specificity, composition, and irreducibility, that challenges the reductionist perspective in multiple ways. First, the IIT formalism provides a complete account of a system’s causal structure, including irreducible higher-order mechanisms constituted of multiple system elements. Second, a system’s amount of integrated information (Φ) measures the causal constraints a system exerts onto itself and can peak at a macro level of description. Finally, the causal principles of IIT can also be employed to identify and quantify the actual causes of events (“what caused what”), such as an agent’s actions. Here, we demonstrate this framework by example of a simulated agent, equipped with a small neural network, that forms a maximum of Φ at a macro scale.
The future that awaits us

In this autoethnographic exploration, I consider the ongoing social interruption of the COVID 19 pandemic and work to imagine the post-pandemic future that awaits us. I especially employ the autoet...
Pediatric laryngeal tumors and demographics, management, and survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the prevalence and features of pediatric laryngeal malignancies and to review the demographics, management, and survival of pediatric patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma as compared to adult patients. Methods Patients aged 0 (younger than 1) to 18 with laryngeal malignancy identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included from 1973 to 2016 published April 2019. Diagnosis of malignant laryngeal tumor was made using the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICDO-3) code: C32.0 Glottis, C32.1 Supraglottis, C32.2Subglottis, andC32.9 Larynx primary site. Results 23 cases of pediatric laryngeal malignancies were identified. 16 cases were squamous cell carcinomas and 7 were other histologic types. Pediatric laryngeal SCC tended to be diagnosed in adolescence (mean age 14.8 years, range younger than 1 to 18, 82.6% of cases were age 12 and above). Management of laryngeal SCC included no recorded treatment (18.8%), primary radiation (18.8%), primary surgery (12.5%), radiation and surgery (25%), radiation and chemotherapy combined (18.8%), and surgery with radiation and chemotherapy (12.5%). Surgeries were local excision, excision and lymphnode dissection, as well as total laryngectomy, and not otherwise specified. The 2-year and 5-year overall and disease-specific survivals were 78.6%. Conclusions Pediatric laryngeal cancer is rare. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed malignant laryngeal histology affecting pediatric patients. Despite different risk factors, survival rates remain similar for pediatric patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma as compared to adults. Physicians should include laryngeal cancer in the differential for pediatric patients with hoarseness, dysphagia, and progressive airway obstruction to avoid a late diagnosis.
Systematic Analysis of After-Action Reports: A Plan Evaluation Methodological Approach

AbstractAfter-action reports are often completed by local, state, or federal jurisdictions following a disaster to identify what did and did not go well and to provide recommendations to improve up...
Group-Gradings of Categories

A general theory of group-gradings of a category is presented which subsumes, for a given group G, internal gradings of modules over a G-graded ring, external gradings of modules over a G-graded ring, and gradings of coverings of a category with fundamental group G.
A high speed multi-modulus HBT prescaler

A high-speed variable-modulus prescaler which divides the input clock frequency by 128 up to 255 with unit step increment has been implemented with heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology. A maximum operation frequency of 9.72 GHz with power consumption of 650 mW has been measured. The high-speed performance is attributed to the circuit design to minimize the critical path delay and the intrinsic high-speed characteristics of HBT technology. The circuit design and the fabrication of the devices are described, and the measured performance of the prescalers is discussed. >
The Carboxymethylation of Bovine α-Lactalbumin

The rate and extent of reaction of bovine α-lactalbumin with iodoacetate has been examined under conditions where only the side chains of methionine 90, histidine 32, histidine 68, and histidine 107 are carboxymethylated extensively. Examination of the amino acid composition of partially carboxymethylated α-lactalbumin and the tryptic peptides from carboxymethylated α-lactalbumin indicated that methionine 90 was the most reactive residue. Histidine 68 reacted with iodoacetate at a slower rate, but more rapidly than histidine 32. Histidine 107 was carboxymethylated at a rate much slower than the other histidyl residues. The relative rates of reaction of these residues are generally in accord with those which may be expected on consideration of the predicted conformation of α-lactalbumin. Carboxymethylation of the histidyl and methionyl residues does not completely destroy the ability of α-lactalbumin to stimulate lactose synthesis. Carboxymethylation of methionine 90 has little effect on the activity of α-lactalbumin, but there is a progressive loss in activity as the histidyl residues are carboxymethylated. When all three residues were modified, about 40% of the activity of α-lactalbumin remained.
Phospholipid dependence of homogeneous, reconstituted sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase of Escherichia coli.

Abstract A novel mixed micelle assay for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase of Escherichia coli was developed using the nonionic detergent octaethylenegly-coldodecyl ether. The assay permitted investigation of the phospholipid dependence of enzyme activity at phospholipid/detergent ratios of 5:1 (w/w) to 2:1 depending on the phospholipid employed. The higher ratio yielded maximal activity when E. coli phospholipids were used; the lower ratio was observed with cardiolipin(E. coli). Phosphatidylglycerol(E. coli) and phosphatidylethanolamine(E. coli) also restored enzyme activity. Activation by phosphatidylethanolamine(E. coli) was pH-dependent and relatively inefficient. The synthetic, disaturated (1,2-palmitoyl)phosphatidylglycerol reconstituted only 25% of the total enzyme activity as that observed with the monounsaturated (1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl) species. Full activation of enzyme was achieved with (1,2-dioleoyl)phosphatidylglycerol. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid were unable to reconstitute enzyme activity. Chromatographic sizing of the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, following reconstitution in cardiolipin(E. coli)/octaethyleneglycoldodecyl ether mixed micelles, suggested that the monomeric form of the enzyme was active.
Human/robot interaction via the transfer of power and information signals. II. An experimental analysis

For pt.I see ibid., vol.3, p.1632-40. The author presents concepts involving constrained motion of a class of human-controlled robotic manipulators called extenders. Extenders amplify the strength of the human operator, while utilizing the intelligence of the operator to generate spontaneously the command signal to the system. A single-degree-of-freedom extender has been built for theoretical and experimental verification of the dynamics and control involved in this hardware. The system performance is defined as the amplification of the human power. It is shown that the more amplification is required, the smaller is the stability range of the system. >
Self-Concepts of Preschool Girls in a Preballet Program:

The self-concepts of 10 5-yr.-old girls enrolled in a preballet program at a ballet school in Tulsa, Oklahoma for over one year were measured using the Purdue Self-concept Scale for Preschool Children. Their scores were compared against the scale's normative data for girls of similar age. A one-sample two-tailed t test showed girls' mean was 1 standard deviation above the normative population's mean, a significant difference. Preballet education may be an effective tool for enhancing self-concept, although selective factors may contribute also.
Messenger RNA intron in the nuclear 18s ribosomal RNA gene of deuteromycetes

Introns within messenger RNA genes have characteristic border sequences and a conserved region near the 3′ end of the intron. All are involved in splicing to produce the mature mRNA. Introns in ribosomal RNA genes have less well-defined borders and contain no internal conservation. We report here mRNA-type introns located near the 3′ end of the 18s rRNA genes of the deuteromycetes Phialophora americana and Cenococcum geophilum. Inserted sequences of various sizes have also been located at the same point in several other deuteromycete species.
Development and implementation of coral reef biocriteria in U.S. jurisdictions.

Coral reefs worldwide are declining at an alarming rate and are under continuous threat from both natural and anthropogenic environmental stressors. Warmer sea temperatures attributed to global climate change and numerous human activities at local scales place these valuable ecosystems at risk. Reefs provide numerous services, including shoreline protection, fishing, tourism and biological diversity, which are lost through physical damage, overfishing, and pollution. Pollution can be controlled under provisions of the Clean Water Act, but these options have not been fully employed to protect coral reefs. No U.S. jurisdiction has implemented coral reef biocriteria, which are narrative or quantitative water quality standards based on the condition of a biological resource or assemblage. The President’s Ocean Action Plan directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop biological assessment methods and biological criteria for evaluating and maintaining the health of coral reef ecosystems. EPA has formed the Coral Reef Biocriteria Working Group (CRBWG) to foster development of coral reef biocriteria through focused research, evaluation and communication among Agency partners and U.S. jurisdictions. Ongoing CRBWG activities include development and evaluation of a rapid bioassessment protocol for application in biocriteria programs; development of a survey design and monitoring strategy for the U.S. Virgin Islands; comprehensive reviews of biocriteria approaches proposed by states and territories; and assembly of data from a variety of monitoring programs for additional metrics. Guidance documents are being prepared to assist U.S. jurisdictions in reaching protective and defensible biocriteria.
Sirolimus-based immunosuppression with reduce dose cyclosporine or tacrolimus after renal transplantation

Sirolimus (SRL), a fermentation product of Streptomyces hygroscopicus, complexes with the FKBP12 to inhibit cyclin dependent kinase(s), collectively termed the target of rapamycin (TOR), causing G(1)-S phase cell cycle arrest. Safety and efficacy have been documented in clinical renal transplantation, but concerns were raised due to important biologically relevant side effects. Hyperlipidemia was identified, beginning with early clinical experiences, and the unexpected findings that SRL may exacerbate CsA associated nephrotoxicity was observed during the pivotal phase III studies. This report details results of our experience using SRL (target trough concentration, 10-15 ng/mL) with low dose CsA (target trough concentration, 50-100 ng/mL), seeking to determine whether this approach might provide effective immunosuppression while reducing associated nephrotoxicity. Among 121 renal transplant recipients, 62 received the SRL based regimen and 59 received MMF with all patients receiving CsA and prednisone. Similar to earlier clinical experiences, hematopoeitic abnormalities and hyperlipidemia were observed among patients who received SRL, and those abnormalities were readily controlled. However, unlike observations from the phase III SRL studies, renal function was not adversely affected. These findings support the growing body of evidence indicating that SRL based immunosuppression in combination low dose calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids is safe, efficacious, and without associated renal toxicity.
The use of computer simulation to develop hospital systems

The use of computer simulation in the development of hospital systems, which has a major effect on the cost and quality of operation, is presented. Discussion of results achieved in specific areas include: inpatient admissions scheduling and control systems, surgical scheduling systems, maximum average occupancy prediction models, and patient classification systems for predicting the size of nursing staffs. The paper concludes with a discussion of the general problems encountered with computer simulation.
The Kaposin B Protein of KSHV Activates the p38/MK2 Pathway and Stabilizes Cytokine mRNAs

Cytokine production plays a critical role in diseases caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Here we show that a latent KSHV gene product, kaposin B, increases the expression of cytokines by blocking the degradation of their messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Cytokine transcripts are normally unstable because they contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3' noncoding regions that target them for degradation. Kaposin B reverses this instability by binding to and activating the kinase MK2, a target of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and a known inhibitor of ARE-mRNA decay. These findings define an important mechanism linking latent KSHV infection to cytokine production, and also illustrate a distinctive mode by which viruses can selectively modulate mRNA turnover.
The VRT revolution [Medicine]

Applications of virtual reality range from telesurgery to monitoring early human development. The main disadvantages of this technology are the hardware and software costs. However, the cost of the computer based instrumentations traditionally decreases a few years after introduction into the market. In addition, the fundamental limitations of telemedicine and telesurgery technologies are the requirements of sufficient audio, video, and data links between sites. There has been tremendous ongoing research efforts in this area.
Effects of Long-Term Cocaine Exposure on Spermatogenesis and Fertility in Peripubertal Male Rats

AbstractPurpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of long-term administration of cocaine on spermatogenesis and fertility in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: Thirty-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were given cocaine hydro-chloride (15 mg./kg. body weight, corresponding to an average single dose for a heavy cocaine user) either daily or twice weekly (weekend group, cocaine given on Saturday and Sunday) and mated with pregnancy-proven female rats after 100 and 150 days of exposure to the drug. Pregnancy rates and litter birth weights were evaluated. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were measured in all adult rats. Morphologic analysis of the testis entailed the evaluation of quantitative and qualitative histologic parameters to assess the effect of cocaine on various stages of spermatogenesis.Results: After 100 days of treatment, the rats receiving daily cocaine had a pregnancy rate of only 33 percent versus 86 percent for the controls...
Socialization processes in a female lowland gorilla

A low-interactive, captive, female lowland gorilla, Molly, was studied following the introduction into her enclosure of three gorillas, two males and a female, raised from birth in captive gorilla groups. Observations were made 6 mo after the new gorillas were introduced. Throughout the period of observation, Molly interacted in an affiliative manner with one of the males, playing or sitting quietly with him in a tree (where Molly spent most of her time) and occasionally on the ground. Agonistic displays between Molly and the new female decreased after they were released in the enclosure without the males for a series of days. Molly, however, continued to react to the other male, the most dominant, in an agonistic manner, and usually retreated from his reach, climbed the tree, and/or grimaced and piloerected whenever he approached. Although Molly's continued avoidance of the dominant male impeded her complete socialization, we propose that the interventions employed in this study—introduction of new younger gorillas into and an enclosure, and a series of dyadic separations between the noninteractive gorilla and each of the new group members—are possible strategies that can be used to facilitate socialization of captive, noninteractive gorillas.
Amino acid racemization in lacustrine ostracodes, part I: effect of oxidizing pre-treatments on amino acid composition

Abstract Bleaching biominerals reduces the concentration of amino acids to a residual fraction which is thought to be preserved within intra-crystalline proteins. Intra-crystalline amino acids represent a relatively closed-system and may be superior for amino acid geochronological and paleothermometry investigations. Here we quantify the effects of extended bleaching (to 144 h) on amino acid concentrations and d / l values in the valves of seven modern ostracode species. Then we compare the effects of increasingly aggressive pre-treatments (sonication, exposure to 3% hydrogen peroxide for 2 h, and exposure to 10% bleach for 48 h) on amino acid concentrations and d / l values in fossil ostracode ( Candona ) valves from numerous locations throughout the western United States and northern Mexico. Bleaching modern ostracode valves results in a rapid order-of-magnitude reduction in amino acid concentrations and a slight increase in d / l values. Amino acid concentrations in five of the seven modern species increased slightly after prolonged exposure to bleach, suggesting that bleaching weakens a resistant protein source within the ostracode valves. Increasingly aggressive pre-treatments had virtually no effect on amino acid concentrations, d / l values, or inter-sample variability in fossil Candona valves older than about 1 ka. Candona valves younger than about 1 ka showed a progressive decrease in amino acid concentrations with more aggressive oxidizing pre-treatments. Valves older than 1 ka generally had amino acid concentrations −1 . A delayed increase in amino acid concentrations (15–30 nM mg −1 ), followed by a gradual decrease to residual concentrations consistently −1 , was observed in both outcrop and core samples. We propose that a large amount of weakly bound proteins is leached geologically instantaneously from Candona valves. Long-term (10’s of ka) diagenesis gradually weakens and then destroys a secondary pool of tightly bound proteins contained within the valves. Residual amino acid concentrations are likely derived from intra-crystalline proteins and resistant inter-crystalline proteins that are essentially immune to leaching. Candona valves deposited in pluvial Lake Chewaucan and exposed in sediments that crop out along the Ana River, Oregon, have unexpectedly well-preserved proteins and lower d / l values compared to fossil Candona valves of similar age from other locations. The Ana River results argue for developing site-specific calibrations for amino acid geochronology or paleothermometry studies that utilize ostracodes.
ATP-sensitive binding of a 70-kDa cytosolic protein to the glucose transporter in rat adipocytes

We have identified a 70-kDa cytosolic protein (GTBP70) in rat adipocytes that binds to glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins corresponding to the cytoplasmic domains of the facilitative glucose transporter isoforms Glut1, Glut2, and Glut4. GTBP70 did not bind to irrelevant fusion proteins, indicating that the binding is specific to the glucose transporter. GTBP70 binding to the glucose transporter showed little isoform specificity but was significantly subdomain-specific; it bound to the C-terminal domain and the central loop, but not to the N-terminal domain of Glut4. The GTBP70 binding to Glut4 was not affected by the presence of 2 mM EDTA, 2.4 mM Ca2+, or 150 mM K+. The binding was inhibited by ATP in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition at 10 mM ATP. This inhibition was specific to ATP, as ADP and AMP-PCP (adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma-methylenetriphosphate)) were without effect. GTBP70 did not react with antibodies against phosphotyrosine, phosphothreonine, or phosphoserine, suggesting that it is not a phosphoprotein. The binding of GTBP70 to Glut4 was not affected by the pretreatment of adipocytes with insulin. When these experiments were repeated using rat hepatocyte cytosols, no ATP-sensitive 70-kDa protein binding to the glucose transporter fusion proteins was evident, suggesting that either GTBP70 expression or its function is cell-specific. These findings strongly suggest the possibility that GTBP70 may play a key role in glucose transporter regulation in insulin target cells such as adipocytes.
Task-hemispheric integrity in dual task performance☆

Abstract A condition of task hemispheric integrity is predicted to result in a dual task situation when the central processing and response components of each task are associated exclusively with a given cerebral hemisphere. The prediction that this condition will generate more efficient time-sharing is tested in a series of four experiments. In experiment 1 the prediction is confirmed when a spatial (tracking) and verbal (letter memory search) task are time-shared, and the hand assignment to task responses is manipulated. In experiment 2 a spatial variant of the memory search is used instead of the verbal letter search, and hand assignment effects are not obtained, since when two spatial tasks are time-shared an integrity assignment is impossible. Experiment 3 validates the hemispheric lateralization of the two single task variants of the memory search task, while experiment 4 establishes the separate “spatial’ and “verbal” resource demands of the two variants by observing their differential interference with concurrent spatial and verbal tasks.
Delta sequences and double symmetry in a yeast chromosomal replicator region

Abstract A specific autonomously replicating sequence ( ars 2) occurring near the ARG 4 locus on chromosome VIII of yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) has been localized on a 100 base-pair region of DNA. The nucleotide sequence of a 1517 bp † fragment spanning the ars 2 region has been determined. The 100 bp ars 2 region contains an 18 bp A + T sequence of perfect double symmetry (alphabetic symmetry superimposed on dyad symmetry). A 0.3 kb repetitive sequence (solo delta sequence) and a tRNA Gln gene are located within the 1517 bp fragment along with ars 2. The 100 bp ars 2 region may be located within a divergent delta sequence that is oriented in an inverted and nearly tandem position with respect to the solo delta sequence.
Analysis of Self-Reported Motives for Task-Related Helping: Implications for an Integrated Theory of Helping

In organizations where work is complex, dynamic and interdependent, maintaining an environment where employees offer help to one another is essential for organizational effectiveness. This research is aimed at understanding the antecedent motives underlying task-related interpersonal helping. The research took an atypical approach by asking employees directly to explain in their own words why they would, or would not, help co-workers with work-related problems. Content analysis yielded five categories of motives for helping. The qualitative motive categories were able to explain variance in quantitative scales assessing respondents’ affect, attitudes, organizational perceptions, and demographics. Employees who gave altruistic reasons for helping (i.e., helping was a personal value or a contribution to the team) reported performing more helping behaviors, expressed greater organizational commitment, and perceived more organizational justice than did employees who expected reciprocity for helping, or whose help was contingent. No existing theory of helping explains the total collection of motives identified in this research. We encourage researchers to develop integrated theories capable of explaining the totality of motives for task-related helping. Our research identities several essential parameters of such integrated theories and provides guidance for carrying out the task of theory integration. This phenomenological research is the only empirical investigations into task-related helping based on respondents’ own reasons for helping. It also is one of the few to incorporate both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.
A versatile technique for drying polyacrylamide slab gels

Abstract Slab gels of different thicknesses, and of various homogenous of gradient concentrations of acrylamide, can be dried rapidly and consistently using a newly developed drying procedure. After drying, stained gels retain excellent resolution of electrophoretic patterns, and unstained gels are suitable for use in autoradiography and fluorography.
In vivo and in vitro inhibition of lipid-linked saccharide and glycoprotein synthesis in plants by amphomycin

Abstract The effect of the polypeptide antibiotic, amphomycin, on the in vitro and in vivo synthesis of polyprenyl-linked sugars and glycoproteins in plants was examined. This antibiotic blocked the transfer of mannose from GDP-[ 14 C]mannose into mannosyl-phos-phoryl-dolichol by a particulate enzyme preparation from mung beans and also inhibited the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-[ 3 H]GlcNAc to GlcNAc-pyrophosphoryl-polyisoprenol. The in vitro incorporation of these sugars into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material was also markedly inhibited by this antibiotic. Since most of the radioactivity incorporated into this insoluble material is rendered water-soluble by treatment with pronase, it seems likely that these sugars are incorporated into glycoproteins whose synthesis is sensitive to amphomycin. Amphomycin also inhibited the transfer of glucose from UDP-[ 14 C]glucose to steryl glucosides, although this system was less sensitive to antibiotic than was synthesis of the polyprenyl-linked sugars. The antibiotic did not block the in vitro transfer of glucose from UDP-[ 14 C]glucose to β-glucans. In carrot slice cultures, amphomycin also inhibited the incorporation of [ 14 C]mannose into glycolipid and glycoprotein, but it did not prevent the incorporation of [ 14 C]lysine into protein.
Formation and Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of Multilayer and Submonolayer Thin Films of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octa(2-benzyloxy-ethoxy) Phthalocyninato Copper (CuPc(OC2OBz)8)

We review here the self-assembly, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(2-benzyloxyethoxy) phthalocyaninato copper (CuPc(OC2OBz)8), where terminal benzyl groups on the eight ethylene oxide side chains assist in forming unusually ordered, mechanically rigid thin films. New spectroscopic characterization of cast CuPc(OC2OBz)8 films is discussed in comparison with cast films of its metal-free analogue H2Pc(OC2OBz)8 and similar copper and dihydrogen phthalocyanines with benzyl — terminated triethylene oxide substituents, CuPc((OC2O)3Bz)8, and H2Pc((OC2O)3Bz)8, which do not demonstrate the same degree of ordering as CuPc(OC2OBz)8. AFM studies of horizontally transferred LB films of CuPc(OC2OBz)8 show column–column distances of ca 2.8 nm and confirm the high degree of ordering previously surmised from spectroscopic characterization of multilayer thin films. The oxidative electrochemistry of multilayer thin films prepared from these Pcs is strongly dependent on the chemical identity of the supporting electrolyte anion and on annealing of the thin films. Compliance of the films to counter-ion transport limits the extent of electrochemical doping. Preliminary studies of the oxidative electrochemistry of isolated CuPc(OC2OBz)8 aggregates (diluted into an electroinactive methyl arachidate thin film) on an electroactive, integrated optic waveguide (EA-IOW) are also presented. Monitoring the change in absorbance at 633 nm on the waveguide surface allows the determination of the onset potential for oxidation of the isolated aggregates, which appears to be less positive in potential versus that observed for multilayer Pc assemblies.
Exchange coupling in the paramagnetic state

Exchange coupling has been observed in a ferromagnet (FM)/antiferromagnet (AF) bilayer with Curie temperature ${(T}_{C})\ensuremath{\ll}$N\'eel temperature ${(T}_{N})$ in the regime of $Tl{T}_{N},$ even when the FM layer is in the paramagnetic state. The exchange field ${H}_{E}$ and coercivity ${H}_{C}$ of the coupled bilayer show completely different temperature dependence from conventional FM/AF bilayers with ${T}_{C}g{T}_{N}.$ With increasing temperature, ${H}_{C}$ vanishes at ${T}_{C},$ whereas ${H}_{E}$ persists to ${T}_{N}.$ The results show that the exchange coupling can be established in FM/AF bilayers regardless of the relative values of ${T}_{C}$ and ${T}_{N}.$
Kinesin-14 Ncd Microtubule Rotational Motility: A Mathematical Model

The kinesin-14 motor Ncd steps off-axis along the microtubule longitudinal axis as it moves towards the minus end, causing microtubules moving on ensembles of Ncd motors bound to a glass surface to rotate as they glide. Based on crystal structures, we propose that the rotations arise from a structural asymmetry of the motor when it binds to a microtubule. We have derived a mathematical model to explain the dependence of the rotations on ATP concentration by estimating the probability of off-axis steps by the motor using previously published motility data and modeling the relationship between ATP concentration and the number of motors bound to a microtubule using available kinetic data. Unlike previous models, our model not only takes into account the motor structure and kinetics, but also the effects of multiple motors bound to the same microtubule. While our model is specific for Ncd, it provides a mathematical explanation of how nonprocessive kinesin motors, like Ncd, function in ensembles to induce the microtubule translocation and sliding required for motor function in spindle assembly and elongation.
Variable volume piezometer for measurement of volumetric properties of materials under high pressure

A piezometer was designed to measure volume change of foods and other biomaterials as a function of pressure, and calibrated and tested up to 700 MPa at 25°C. The sensor was constructed from a polycarbonate tube, sealed with a plug on one end and a removable piston on the other. Samples were placed inside the tube. Upon pressurization, the piston displaced inside the tube, transmitting pressure to the sample; impedance in a magnet wire coil on the outside of the tube was measured to characterize volume change. Sensor calibration with water yielded a polynomial that characterized volume as a function of impedance. Sensor precision is 0.3% of measured volume; its resolution allows measurement of sub-microliter volume changes. Testing with ethanol and sucrose solutions yielded data within 1% of previously reported values. The sensor's applications include measurement of volumetric properties of liquid and solid biomaterials, and chemical reaction volumes.
Abstract 712: Multiphoton microscopy: a potential intraoperative diagnostic tool for the detection of carcinoma in situ in human bladder.

Context: Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a precursor of invasive bladder cancer, which if left untreated, is very likely to progress. White light cystoscopy (WLC) along with transurethral resection (TURB) is standard of care in diagnosis and treatment of these tumors. However, approximately 50% of CIS lesions are missed on WLC due to their flat architecture. Moreover, the magnifications of current cystoscopes do not provide high enough (i.e., cellular) resolution to distinguish CIS from other benign flat lesions. This results in unnecessary benign biopsies, with associated complications and cost. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a nonlinear optical imaging technique capable of generating real-time subcellular-resolution images solely from intrinsic tissue signals (autofluorescence and scattering). Objective: While miniaturization of MPM for in vivo use is in progress, here we assess its diagnostic potential using a bench-top system and fresh (unprocessed and unstained) biopsies. Specifically, we assess the ability of MPM to identify CIS and to differentiate CIS from other benign flat lesions. Design: Fifty-one bladder biopsies were obtained from flat lesions via TURB / cold cup procedures (22 CIS and 29 benign, as diagnosed on histopathology). Immediately after excision, they were imaged fresh with MPM and then submitted in formalin for routine hematoxylin/eosin (HE 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 712. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-712
Ultraviolet sum-frequency generation utilizing optical pair interactions in solids☆

Abstract We report the first observation of nonlinear generation of broadband ultraviolet light by pair interactions in a solid. Emission from PrF3 on numerous features between 270–410 nm is ascribed to transitions of coupled atoms. They occur at sum-frequencies of known Pr3+ intraconfigurational transitions and show quadratic dependence on input power. High intensities and structured excitation spectra are observed. The prospect of stimulated ultraviolet pair emission with visible light excitation is examined.
Effects of Prolonged Loud Reading on Normal Adolescent Male Voices

Purpose The purpose of this article was to test the effects of vocal loading in healthy, peripubescent teenage boys. It was hypothesized that select acoustic measures, ratings of physical appearanc...
Thrombotic obstruction of disc valves: Clinical recognition and surgical management

Abstract Twenty-seven patients underwent reoperation because of thrombotic obstruction of a disc-typs cardiac valve prosthesis. Preoperative clinical features included effort dyspnea in 81%, new-onset angina in 44%, a new murmur in 89%, and an abnormal opening or closing sound associated with the prosthetic valve in 56%. Symptoms were present for 1 week or more before reoperation in 86%, although many patients were referred only after acute exacerbation of heart failure and development of pulmonary edema. Noninvasive studies confirmed prosthetic valve malfunction in only 33%, but cardiac catheterization documented thrombotic obstruction in all 15 patients in whom it was performed. In 14 of the 27 patients, prothrombin time was in the therapeutic range at the time of admission. Prompt reoperation for valve replacement or thrombectomy was performed with an operative mortality of 11%, and long-term outcome was satisfactory in all but 1 hospital survivor. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the diagnosis of thrombosed heart valves in patients with mechanical heart valves who are seen with nonspecific symptoms.
Superconducting properties of strontium copper oxyfluoride, Sr2CuO2F2+δ

Abstract Superconducting properties of Sr2CuO2F2+δ have been measured as a function of synthesis parameters. Fluorination initiates above 160°C, appears optimum near 180°C and is difficult to control above 250°C in forming superconducting samples. Optimum Tc values are nominally 47 K; however, Meissner data show fluctuations extending to 60 K.
Anaesthesia for gynaecological laparoscopy — a comparison between the laryngeal mask airway and tracheal intubation

Summary In a single-blind, randomised, controlled study, we compared two anaesthetic techniques in 60 patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy. In the first group, ventilation was controlled, after paralysis and tracheal intubation. In the second group, a laryngeal mask airway was inserted and spontaneous or assisted ventilation allowed. There were no clinically significant differences in the intra-operative conditions of the two groups, although the procedure was quicker in the second group. The only significant difference in morbidity was a greater incidence of nausea and vomiting in the second group in the first 4 h after operation. We conclude that use of the laryngeal mask airway is an acceptable technique for elective gynaecological laparoscopy, in patients who are at low risk of regurgitation.
The top3+ gene is essential in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the lethality associated with its loss is caused by Rad12 helicase activity

The topoisomerase III gene ( top3 (+)) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe was isolated and a targeted gene disruption ( top3 :: kan (R)) was used to make a diploid strain heterozygous for top3 (+). The diploid was sporulated and the top3 :: kan (R)spores went through four to eight cell divisions before arresting as elongated, predominantly binucleated cells with incompletely segregated chromosomes. This demonstrates that top3 (+)is essential for vegetative growth in fission yeast. The aberrant chromosomal segregation seen in top3 :: kan (R)cells is unlike the 'cut' phenotype seen in mitosis-defective mutants and so we refer to this phenotype as 'torn'. A deletion mutant, rad12-hd ( rad12 is a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SGS1), partially suppressed the lethality of top3 mutants. A point mutant, rad12-K547I, which presumably eliminates helicase activity, also suppresses the lethality of top3 mutants, demonstrating that the lethality seen in top3 (-)cells is most likely caused by the helicase activity of Rad12. This double mutant grows very slowly and has much lower viability compared to rad12-hd top3 :: kan (R)cells, implying that the helicase activity of Rad12 is not the only cause of top3 (-)lethality. The low viability of rad12 (-) top3 (-)mutants compared with rad12 single mutants suggests that Top3 also functions independently of Rad12.
The Black Man in Cuban Society: From Colonial Times to the Revolution

During the eighteenth century, Cuba's black population was already on the increase due to continuous arrivals of slave ships from Africa. During this century, certain groups, such as the slaves, free blacks, artisans, and workers, began to develop. At this time, education was pushed forward in the island by the Spanish authorities. Between 1783 and 1789, the introduction of black slaves had been increased despite the fact that the slave trade had been declared illegal. For that reason primarily, the enslavers tried to exclude blacks from education because if educated they could pose a threat to their masters' vested interest (Lopez Valdes, 1971: 12). Later, in 1809, when the new Regulations for Teachers were drafted, the denial to give black people the opportunity to receive some education was once more formulated. However, exceptions were made in some cases, and the final decision of admitting black students to their classes was left to the teachers themselves. In the words of Jose Antonio Saco, an eminent patriot and educator of the time, this shameful situation was
In immunocompromised patients, Epstein-Barr virus lymphadenitis can mimic angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma morphologically, immunophenotypically, and genetically: a case report and review of the literature

Summary The development of lymphomas and solid malignancies in association with immunosuppression is a well-documented occurrence in the medical literature. We report the case of a young man who developed progressive diffuse lymphadenopathy with associated extremely high levels of serum Epstein-Barr virus in the setting of chronic immunosuppressive treatment of glomerulonephritis. Excisional biopsy of a right inguinal node revealed a sclerosing process with the morphologic appearance of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with a CD3 + , CD4 + immunophenotype. In situ hybridization of Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNA was positive. Molecular probe studies demonstrated a clonal T-cell population. Upon reduction of immunosuppression, the patient's lymphadenopathy and Epstein-Barr virus titer have resolved without recurrence over 2 years time. This case demonstrates that a benign Epstein-Barr virus–associated process can mimic angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and should be considered particularly in the setting of immunosuppression, emphasizing the need for close communication with the treating physician in the interpretation of lymph node biopsies.