cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“The Gospel Has Always Been Disturbing”: The Centrality of “God's Will” to the Cold War Political Activism of the Reverends Frank Hartley and Alfred Dickie

Religious faith was pivotal to the personal ideologies and radical political activism of the Reverends Alf Dickie and Frank Hartley, both of whom were prominent in the Australian peace movement from 1949 until the early seventies. This article examines Dickie's and Hartley's self-identification as prophets in the context of the optimism of the post-war era and its subsequent retreat as the Cold War altered the political climate. It examines how their post-war political activism was framed by a devout faith in the existence of an objective "truth" with regard to the Cold War, a "truth" based on a self-styled notion of the "Will of God". Further, it argues that suffering was understood by these self-declared prophets to be inherent to their mission and was thus embraced, when ostensibly visited upon them, as an affirmation of the righteousness of their cause. For Dickie and Hartley, an active association with the radical Left was a natural expression of God's Will.
Autoimmune markers and autoimmune disorders in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)

ObjectiveIn recent years, there have been a number of studies suggesting that POTS may have an autoimmune etiology. This study examined whether the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), other markers of autoimmunity and co-morbid autoimmune disorders is higher in patients with POTS than in the general population.Methods and resultsMedical records of 100 consecutive patients with POTS evaluated at our clinic were reviewed. In this cohort (90% females, mean age 32, range 13–54 years), 25% had positive ANA, 7% had at least one positive aPL antibody and 31% had markers of autoimmunity. When compared to the general population, patients with POTS had a higher prevalence of ANA (25% vs. 16%, OR 1.8, CI 1.1–2.8, p < 0.05), aPL antibody (7% vs. 1%, OR 7.5, CI 3.4–16.1, p < 0.001) and co-morbid autoimmune disorders (20% vs. highest estimated 9.4%, OR 2.4, CI 1.5–3.9, p < 0.001). The most prevalent autoimmune disorder was Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (11% vs. up to 2%, OR 6.1, CI 3.2–11.3, p < 0.001), followed by R...
Natural Killer Cells and the Immune Response in Solid Organ Transplantation

Natural killer (NK) cells have been characterized classically for their cytotoxicity against pathogen infected or stressed cells as well as for their role in monitoring the expression of self MHC I. However, the participation of NK cells in solid organ transplantation (SOT) is poorly defined due to conflicting clinical and animal model data. Preclinical models have shown that NK cells exacerbate T-cell allogeneic responses during rejection, but can also promote tolerance induction under immunosuppressive conditions. Further, while protocols such as costimulatory blockade effectively induce tolerance by blocking T-cell activation and promoting Treg generation, how such regimens regulate other innate and adaptive immune cells, including NK cells, is incomplete. This review examines NK cells and the regulation of their effector functions in SOT.
Shari'a Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World (Book Review)

A book review of Robert W. Hefner’s Shari’a Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World. The book explores the role of Islamic jurisprudence in the contemporary legal systems of eight predominantly Muslim countries (Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria and Indonesia). Editor, Robert Hefner begins with a summary essay providing context for the other eight essays, each of which consider a particular jurisdiction. The authors were asked to “map the politics and meanings of shari’a in each country. In particular, Heffner was concerned with various opinions and practices of shari’a, organizations concerned with shari’a, the relative influence of different approaches, and the way support for particular approaches is impacted by class, gender, education and religious identity. Overall, the volume is an extremely helpful survey of these issues in the countries it reviews.
Validation of Two Names and the Description of a New Species of Freziera (Pentaphylacaceae) from the Peruvian Andes

Abstract. Three species of Freziera from Peru are described and illustrated, including a discussion of their distinguishing characters and affinities to other closely related species. The names of two of these species, F. cyanocantha and F. incana, were proposed by A. L. Weitzman in herbarium annotations in 1990.
The major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in the postsynaptic density fraction is N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B

The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a specialization of the submembranous cytoskeleton that is visible in the electron microscope on the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane. A subcellular fraction enriched in structures with the morphology of PSDs contains signal-transduction molecules thought to regulate receptor localization and function in the central nervous system. We have purified a prominent tyrosine-phosphorylated glycoprotein of apparent molecular mass 180 kDa, termed PSD-gp180, that is highly enriched in the rat forebrain PSD fraction. The sequences of four tryptic peptides generated from the protein reveal that it is the 2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptor. We have confirmed the identity of PSD-gp180 by showing that it reacts with antibodies raised against a unique fragment of the 2B subunit of the NMDA receptor. We also show that the 2B subunit is the most prominently tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in the PSD fraction based upon recognition by an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Two types of NMDA receptor subunits have been identified by molecular cloning [Nakanishi, S. (1992) Science 258, 597-603]. The single type 1 subunit is expressed throughout the brain and is necessary for formation of the receptor channel. The four type 2 subunits (2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D) are expressed in discrete brain regions, contain unusually long unique C termini, and confer distinct kinetic properties on NMDA receptors that contain them. Our findings suggest that, in the forebrain, NMDA receptor subunit 2B may serve to anchor NMDA receptors at the postsynaptic membrane through its interaction with the PSD. The prominent presence of tyrosine phosphate further suggests that the NMDA receptor may be regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation or that it may participate in signaling through tyrosine phosphorylation and through its ion channel.
Substrate effects on the electronic structure of metal overlayers-an XPS study of polymer-metal interfaces

The electronic structures of copper, nickel, and chromium overlayers on polystyrene and polyvinyl alcohol have been investigated with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. At submonolayer coverages, the peak position and width of the metallic-core levels vary significantly from one substrate to the other. Most of these variations can be accounted for in terms of changes in the atomic and extra-atomic relaxation energies during the photoemission process. Much of this change is brought about when the metal atom deposited on polyvinyl alcohol interacts with the substrate oxygen and forms a metal-oxygen-polymer complex. The presence of this complex is verified by changes in the photoemission line shapes of the substrate carbon and oxygen atoms.
Does a Physical Handicap Alter the Development of Mastery Motivation During the Preschool Years

Abstract Sixty-one children (22 physically handicapped and 39 nonhandicapped) were assessed at ages 3½ years and 4½ years. Six components of mastery motivation were assessed during structured tasks and during unstructured free play. Results indicated that nonhandicapped children were more motivated than their physically handicapped peers. On structured tasks, nonhandicapped children persisted more on difficult tasks and preferred challenging tasks over easy tasks; however, handicapped children were just as curious as nonhandicapped children. During play, nonhandicapped children had longer lasting play activities, spent less time unfocused, and had more complex play (age 3½) or play at a higher cognitive level (age 4½). These results were virtually unchanged when subsamples of handicapped and nonhandicapped children matched on 1Q and socioeconomic status were examined. Severity of handicap showed little relationship to level of motivation. Mastery motivation on structured tasks was highly stable over the 1-year period, whereas the stability of motivation during free play was generally low. The conceptual and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
An Anther-Specific Gene Encoded by an S Locus Haplotype of Brassica Produces Complementary and Differentially Regulated Transcripts

The self-incompatibility locus of Brassica consists of a coadapted gene complex that contains at least two genes required for the recognition and inhibition of pollen by the stigma when self-pollinated. Here, we report the identification of a third S locus-linked gene from the S2 haplotype of Brassica oleracea. This gene, which we designated SLA (for S Locus Anther), is a novel gene with an unusual structure. SLA is transcribed from two promoters to produce two complementary anther-specific transcripts, one spliced and the other unspliced, that accumulate in an antiparallel manner in developing microspores and anthers. The sequence of the spliced transcript showed the presence of two open reading frames that predict proteins of 10 and 7.5 kD. Neither transcript was produced in a self-compatible B. napus strain carrying an S2-like haplotype, indicating that the SLA gene in this strain is nonfunctional. Interestingly, sequences related to SLA were not detected in DNA or RNA from plants carrying S haplotypes other than S2. The haplotype specificity of SLA, its anther-specific expression, and its physical linkage to the S locus are properties expected for a gene that encodes a determinant of S2 specificity in pollen.
Complexity as thermodynamic depth

A measure of complexity for the macroscopic states of physical systems is defined. Called depth, the measure is universal: it applies to all physical systems. The form of the measure is uniquely fixed by the requirement that it be a continuous, additive function of the processes that can result in a state. Applied to a Hamiltonian system, the measure is equal to the difference between the system's coarse- and fine-grained entropy, a quantity that we call thermodynamic depth. The measure satisfies the intuitive requirements that wholly ordered and wholly random systems are not thermodynamically deep and that a complex object together with a copy is not much deeper than the object alone. Applied to systems capable of computation, the measure yields a conventional computational measure of complexity as a special case. The relation of depth and thermodynamic depth to previously proposed definitions of complexity is discussed, and applications to physical, chemical, and mathematical problems are proposed.
Characteristics and outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia refractory to 1 cycle of high-dose cytarabine-based induction chemotherapy

Pretreatment characteristics and outcome of patients treated with induction regimens containing high-dose ara-C (HiDAC) at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center refractory to 1 cycle of induction were compared with similar patients achieving a complete response (CR). Among 1597 patients treated with HiDAC-based induction from 1995 to 2009, 285 were refractory to 1 cycle. Median age was 59 years (range, 18-85 years). Induction regimens included HiDAC with anthracyclines (n = 181; 64%) or HiDAC with nonanthracycline chemotherapy (n = 104; 36%). Refractory patients were older (median age, 59 vs 56 years; P < .001), more likely with unfavorable cytogenetics (P < .001) and antecedent hematologic disorder (P < .001), and had a higher presentation white blood cell count (P = .04), but not a higher incidence of FLT3 mutations (P = .85), than those achieving CR. Forty-three patients (22%) responded to salvage (35 CR and 8 CR without platelet recovery). With a median follow-up of 72 months (range, 27-118 months) in responders, 11 are alive. Nineteen patients (7%) were alive and in CR for at least 6 months, including 9 who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. On multivariate analysis, severe thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, increasing marrow blast percentage, unfavorable cytogenetics, and salvage not including allogeneic stem cell transplantation were associated with a worse survival. Alternative strategies are needed for these patients.
Targeting of neuromodulin (GAP-43) fusion proteins to growth cones in cultured rat embryonic neurons.

Abstract Neuromodulin (GAP-43) is a membrane protein that is transported to neuronal growth cones. Zuber and co-workers have proposed that the N-terminal 10 amino acid sequence of neuromodulin is sufficient to target proteins to growth cones. We demonstrate that a neuromodulin(β-galactosidase fusion protein is transported to growth cones of cultured rat neurons, whereas a fusion protein containing the N-terminal 10 amino acids of neuromodulin and (β-galactosidase is not. A mutant neuromodulin lacking cysteines 3 and 4, the palmitylation sites required for membrane attachment, does not target β-galactosi-dase to growth cones. We conclude that membrane attachment is required for growth cone accumulation and that structural elements, in addition to the first 10 amino acids of neuromodulin, may be required for growth cone targeting.
EFFECTS OF BLANCHING, CHEMICAL TREATMENTS AND FREEZING METHODS ON QUALITY OF FREEZE-DRIED MUSHROOMS

SUMMARY –Mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus, were cut into slices about 5 mm thick. The polyphenoloxidase activity in the sliced mushrooms was inhibited by: (a) dipping in sodium metabisulfite solution containing 200 ppm SO2; (b) dipping in 2% NaCl solution; and (c) blanching in boiling water for 2 min followed by evaporative cooling. The products were frozen with Freon-12 at –22°F for 60 sec. The frozen mushrooms were dried to 3% moisture in a Stokes freeze drier and sealed under vacuum in No. 2–1/2 cans. The freeze-dried product made by the Freon-dipping process was better in quality and firmer in texture than that made by the slow-freezing process. Blanching the fresh mushrooms in boiling water for 2 min prior to freezing results in a lighter color in the freeze-dried products after rehydration. However, the product was less attractive in flavor and texture. The blanching process caused considerable loss of water-soluble solids and ascorbic acid. The effects of processing variables on the chemical, physical and organoleptic quality of the rehydrated products are presented.
THE CHROMOSOMES OF PACHYPHYTUM (CRASSULACEAE)

A B S T R A C T Eleven of the 12 species of Pachyphytum, all that are available, have n = 31-33 standard chromosomes, or a multiple. Accessory chromosomes were found in some or all collections of four species; some cells of one plant have more than 50 of them. Accessory chromosomes often occur in groups at metaphase I, corresponding to their origin from one to several chromocenters of prophase I. Intraspecific polyploidy occurs within five species, with diploids to 12ploids (n = ca. 186) in P. compactum and diploids to decaploids (n = ca. 160) in P. hookeri. Although the basic chromosome number is high, evidence from meiosis in certain hybrids shows that the basic 31-33 chromosomes are probably all different: they do not pair with each other and they do not duplicate each other. Polyploids, with 62 or more chromosomes, are probably autopolyploids: they form multivalents, and the chromosomes they contribute to hybrids pair with each other. Three different probable hybrids have been found in the wild, and more than 300 hybrids have been produced in cultivation. PACHYPHYTUM is a small Mexican genus of succulent plants allied to Echeveria. The plants are striking, with thick, finger-sized leaves on stems
Current Status of the Development of HIV Protease Inhibitors and Their Clinical Potential

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) codes a virus-specific aspartic protease that mediates crucial proteolytic processing of viral protein precursors at a late stage(s) in the replication of the virus. Thus, HIV protease represents a virus-specific target for the therapy of HIV infection. Several protease inhibitors have already shown favourable antiviral activity in patients with HIV-1 infection. The critical questions now to be answered are how long the observed antiviral activity is sustained, and whether significant clinical benefit is gained in individuals receiving protease inhibitors.
Colonial governance in the development of urban primacy

Urbanization increased substantially in developing nations during the middle of the twentieth century. Generalized least squares panel regressions are employed to examine urban primacy in approximately 100 nations from 1930–1980. While the level of urban primacy was not found to be related to colonial status, colonial nations became more primate throughout the 1950–1970 period. Nations that became independent in the 1950s were especially likely to become more primate. When the colonizer utilized “indirect rule” (British) former colonial nations were less likely to become primate, while those employing “direct rule” and assimilationist policies (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Belgian) tended to produce more primate urban hierarchies.
Learning nonadjacent dependencies in phonology: Transparent vowels in vowel harmony

Nonadjacent dependencies are an important part of the structure of language. While the majority of syntactic and phonological processes occur at a local domain, there are several processes that appear to apply at a distance, posing a challenge for theories of linguistic structure. This article addresses one of the most common nonadjacent phenomena in phonology: transparent vowels in vowel harmony. Vowel harmony occurs when adjacent vowels are required to share the same phonological feature value (e.g. V+F C V+F ). However, transparent vowels create a second-order nonadjacent pattern because agreement between two vowels can ‘skip’ the transparent neutral vowel in addition to consonants (e.g. V+F C V T –F C V+F ). Adults are shown to display initial learning biases against second-order nonadjacency in experiments that use an artificial grammar learning paradigm. Experiments 1–3 show that adult learners fail to learn the second-order long-distance dependency created by the transparent vowel (as compared to a control condition). In experiments 4–5, training in terms of overall exposure as well as the frequency of relevant transparent items was increased. With adequate exposure, learners reliably generalize to novel words containing transparent vowels. The experiments suggest that learners are sensitive to the structure of phonological representations, even when learning occurs at a relatively rapid pace.
Studies towards understanding the mechanism of organic reagent enhancement in flame and plasma atomic absorption spectrometry

A series of organic reagents have been tested in atomic absorption measurement for signal enhancement of metal elements. Organic reagents like tetrabutylammonium bromide are demonstrated to enhance the absorption sensitivity to some specific elements such as calcium and chromium. A group of amines were found to have significant enhancement for chromium and calcium measurements. The function of organic reagents in flame and plasma atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was investigated in this work with emphases on mechanism of signal enhancement and interference suppression. An alternative mechanism of organic reagent enhancement in flame and plasma AAS has been suggested based on the experimental results obtained in this work. The reduction environments in flame and plasma produced by the organic reagents are considered as major reason for the signal enhancement.
Bacteroidales terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) for fecal source differentiation in comparison to and in combination with universal bacteria TRFLP.

Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) is an attractive community analysis method for microbial source tracking (MST) because it is accessible, relatively inexpensive, and can discern multiple fecal sources simultaneously. A new Bacteroidales TRFLP (Bac-TRFLP) method was developed and its source identification performance was evaluated by itself, in comparison to, and in combination with an existing universal bacterial TRFLP method in two laboratories. Sixty-four blind samples from 12 fecal sources (sewage, septage, human, dog, horse, cow, deer, pig, chicken, goose, pigeon, and gull) were used for evaluation. Bac- and Univ-TRFLP exhibited similarly high overall correct identification (>88% and >89%, respectively), excellent specificity regardless of fecal sources, variable sensitivity depending on the source, and stable performance across two laboratories. Compared to Univ-TRFLP, Bac-TRFLP had better sensitivity and specificity with horse, cow, and pig fecal sources but was not suited for certain avian sources such as goose, gull, and pigeon. Combining the general and more targeted TRFLP methods (Univ&Bac-TRFLP) achieved higher overall correct identification (>92%), higher sensitivity and specificity metrics, and higher reproducibility between laboratories. Our results suggest that the Bac-TRFLP and Univ&Bac-TRFLP methods are promising additions to the MST toolbox and warrant further evaluation and utilization in field MST applications.
Retinal projections in sockeye salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus nerka)

The retinal projections in 2-year-old salmon smolt (Oncorhynchus nerka) are significantly different from those observed in other teleosts examined to date in that the projections are more extensive. Very noticeable are extensive projections to most of the dorsal thalamus, to all layers of the optic tectum, and into the periaqueductal gray of the torus semicircularis. The salmon smolt has bilateral retinal projections to the diencephalon and pretectum. A small retinal projection to the lateral habenular nucleus has not been described previously. Although these findings suggest striking differences in retinal projections among teleosts, this variation may relate to age differences since the previously studied teleosts were adults.
Ultrastructural changes in the developing nucleolus following axotomy.

Abstract A large, basophilic, Feulgen-negative structure has been observed within the nucleoli of golden hamster facial motor neurons. This ‘intranucleolar body’ was seen, at the electron microscopic level, to be composed of granules which are thought to be ribonucleoprotein particles. At 15 days postnatal age, this aggregation of granules had not yet appeared. However, by 20–24 days, a small intranucleolar body had developed. At maturity, the intranucleolar body had a diameter of up to 2 μm. Facial nerve axotomy at 15 days did not appreciably alter the nucleolar morphology at 19 days; neither control (opposite side) nor experimental nucleoli contained intranucleolar bodies. Normal nucleoli developed intranucleolar bodies, however, between the ages of 20 and 24 days. After axotomy at 20 days and sacrifice at 24 days, a comparison of facial neuronal nucleoli demonstrated that while an intranucleolar body formed in the control, axotomy prevented this structure from forming at its normal time. Also, when the facial nerve of an adult hamster was axotomized and observed 4 days postoperatively, an intact intranucleolar body was not seen. Instead, the granular portions of the nucleolus appeared to have been dispersed into several small aggregates. We believe that the changes observed in granule distribution, both with development and after axotomy, are morphological indications of a qualitative and/ or a quantitative change in rRNA synthesis.
Image detection and compression for memory efficient system analysis

The advances in digital signal processing have been progressing towards efficient use of memory and processing. Both of these factors can be utilized efficiently by using feasible techniques of image storage by computing the minimum information of image which will enhance computation in later processes. Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) can be utilized to estimate and retrieve of an image. In computer vision, SIFT can be implemented to recognize the image by comparing its key features from SIFT saved key point descriptors. The main advantage of SIFT is that it doesn't only remove the redundant information from an image but also reduces the key points by matching their orientation and adding them together in different windows of image [1]. Another key property of this approach is that it works on highly contrasted images more efficiently because it`s design is based on collecting key points from the contrast shades of image.
WITHDRAWN: Reprint of “Increasing Seat Belt Use in North Carolina”

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy ). This reprinted article has been retracted at the request of the Publisher. The online version of this reprint has been withdrawn as it was a redundant duplicate of the original article. The original can be found via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4375(95)00027-5 . The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
Reverse Smoothing: a model-free data smoothing algorithm

Biophysical chemistry experiments, such as sedimentation-equilibrium analyses, require computational techniques to reduce the effects of random errors of the measurement process. The existing approaches have primarily relied on assumption of polynomial models and least-squares approximation. Such models by constraining the data to remove random fluctuations may distort the data and cause loss of information. The better the removal of random errors the greater is the likely introduction of systematic errors through the constraining fit itself. An alternative technique, reverse smoothing, is suggested that makes use of a more model-free approach of exponential smoothing of the first derivative. Exponential smoothing approaches have been generally unsatisfactory because they introduce significant data lag. The approaches given here compensates for the lag defect and appears promising for the smoothing of many experimental data sequences, including the macromolecular concentration data generated by sedimentation-equilibria experiments. Test results on simulated sedimentation-equilibrium data indicate that a 4-fold reduction in error may be typical over standard analyses techniques.
Informative breath: olfactory cues sought during social foraging among Old World monkeys (Mandrillus sphinx, M. Leucophaeus, and Papio anubis).

Sociality provides a unique opportunity for animals to acquire information and learn from others. Especially during foraging, where trial-and-error food selection might be fatal, conspecifics could act as valuable sources of information. During a six-year study across captive, semifree ranging, and wild Old World monkeys, I investigated whether individuals garnered olfactory-based information from their group mates that could guide their feeding decisions. Each of three study species [mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), drills (M. leucophaeus), and olive baboons (Papio anubis)] performed a prominent muzzle-muzzle behavior, potentially enabling individuals to smell others' mouths and determine via olfaction what foods their conspecifics had chosen. This muzzle-muzzle behavior (1) was preferentially directed by naive, younger individuals toward more experienced, older individuals, (2) occurred specifically while recipients were chewing and hence emitting the most potent chemical cues, (3) was typically followed by the actor consuming the very same food type the recipient had been eating, (4) was elicited most often in response to experiments involving novel foods, and (5) occurred less frequently as initially novel foods became more familiar. In contrast to this evidence for information acquisition, there was little support for previous proposals suggesting that muzzle-muzzle functions as a social display. Instead, the omnivorous diets and intensely social lifestyles of mandrills, drills, and baboons, may have each favored a convergent form of information acquisition: seeking out the breath of knowledgeable conspecifics to help decide what foods are safe to eat.
Germanium and silicon in rivers of the Orinoco drainage basin

CONTINENTAL weathering and mid-ocean-ridge hydrothermal circulation are the two main processes that release dissolved silicon to the ocean. It has been hypothesized1 that temporal variations in the relative strengths of these two processes might be estimated from the Ge/Si ratio of opal in marine sediments, because the chemistry of germanium is similar to that of silicon2–5. We analysed river water from the Orinoco basin and soils from Venezuela and Panama for germanium and silicon, to determine the relationship between river Ge/Si ratios, drainage basin lithology and chemical-weathering intensity. Our results, presented here, indicate that chemical-weathering intensity, defined as the fraction of original bedrock silicon dissolved during continental weathering, is related to the Ge/Si ratio in river water and is inversely related to river silicon concentrations. Changes in global climate, sea level or patterns of plate-tectonic interactions could change chemical-weathering intensity and complicate the interpretation of the marine opal Ge/Si record.
Navigating the Borderlands of Fantasy: Reckoning With Fantasy Aggression in a Culture of Violent Media

In a generation where average Americans spend two-thirds of their waking hours before a digitized screen, the arc of media influence consciously and unconsciously informs thoughts and behaviors. So pervasive is media’s influence, that for some the lines between fantasy and reality are blurred. This interdisciplinary study examines the long history of research connecting exposure to violent media (i.e., television, videogames, music, social networking sites) with heightened aggression. Utilizing tools of narrative inversion in Jesus’ parable of the Tenants, a model of care, particularly designed for youth entrenched in a culture of media, is introduced that “reckons with” fantasy aggression. (For an audiovisual introduction to this article please see uploaded video [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GKbPjP4xbY&feature=email]. Viewer discretion is advised.)
Comparisons of Volatile Organic Chemical Content of News, Sheetfed, and Heatset Ink Formulations

Volatile organic compound (VOC) contents of news, sheetfed, and heatset inks were evaluated by using different methods, and comparison of data with significant differences is reported. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 24, EPA Method 24A, and Bay Area Method 30 were the methods used. Ingredients of news inks were tested with Method 24, and experimental and calculated percentage VOC values of formulated inks were compared. Along with United States Department of Agriculture’s 100% vegetable oil-based inks, commercial vegetable oil-based, and petroleum-based inks were used for comparison. Significant differences between methods, colors, and sources are discussed.
l-Pipecolic acid oxidation in rat: subcellular localization and developmental study

By using a sensitive radioactive assay method, we present here evidence that L-pipecolic acid oxidase is localized in both mitochondria and peroxisomes of rat liver. Brain white matter contained a more than 2-fold higher activity of L-pipecolic acid oxidation than the brain cortex. Suborganellar fractionation studies indicate that while the enzyme is a matrix protein in mitochondria, it is membrane-associated in peroxisomes. Both rotenone and antimycin A completely inhibited the enzyme activity in mitochondria but not in peroxisomes. The enzyme was shown to be inducible in mitochondria and peroxisomes of rat liver and brain tissues by glucagon and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, respectively. We report here for the first time the developmental aspects of L-pipecolic acid oxidation activity in rat liver and brain tissues. L-Pipecolic acid oxidase activity was detectable in whole rat embryo at 10 days of gestation, suggesting active L-pipecolic acid metabolism early during development. In both liver and brain tissues L-pipecolic acid oxidation activity was highest at 15 days of gestation and decreased with age in prenatal and postnatal conditions.
Spinodal decomposition and clustering in III/V alloys

The criteria for clustering and spinodal decomposition in III/V pseudobinary and quaternary solid alloys are examined. A chemical driving force for clustering and phase separation exists in some ternary and most quaternary alloys. However, single crystalline alloys are shown to be stabilized by the coherency strain energy inherent in any clustering or spinodal decomposition in alloys where lattice parameter is a function of composition. Analytical expressions are derived for Ts, the temperature above which no clustering or phase separation should occur. Most III/V pseudobinary and quaternary alloys are stable at all temperatures. Numerical techniques are used to calculate spinodal isotherms. Results are presented for the systems GaxIn1−x As P1−y, A1xGa1−xAsySb1−y, and GaxIn1−x As P1−y.
The scientific status of psychology

Abstract An attempt is made to assess the scientific status of the discipline of psychology. Changes in the meaning of science which have occurred through the history of psychology are outlined. Three alternative models—natural science, non‐science, and human science—are critically evaluated. The human science approach provides the necessary theoretical clarity, methodological rigor, comprehensive unifying potential, and proper relations with the natural sciences, humanities, and technology. Socio‐cultural obstacles to psychology's becoming an authentic science are enumerated.
Pharmacotherapy for Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Anxiety disorders comprise the most prevalent mental health disorders among children and adults. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are effective in improving clinical impairments from anxiety disorders and maintaining these improvements. This article discusses how to obtain a suitable diagnosis for anxiety disorders in youth for implementing appropriate treatments, focusing on the evidence base for pharmacologic treatment. Clinical guidelines are discussed, including Food and Drug Administration indications and off-label use of medications, and considerations for special populations and youth with comorbidities are highlighted. Findings suggest moderate effectiveness of medication, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, in the treatment of anxiety disorders in youth.
Volume Targetted Mechanical Ventilation of Newborns Maintains More Stable Tidal Volume but Does Not Prevent Hypocarbia in the First 24 Hours of Life

Volume Targetted Mechanical Ventilation of Newborns Maintains More Stable Tidal Volume but Does Not Prevent Hypocarbia in the First 24 Hours of Life
The correspondence between stochastic mechanics and quantum mechanics on multiply connected configuration spaces

Abstract We show how to obtain a complete correspondence between stochastic and quantum mechanics on multiply connected spaces. We do this by introducing a stochastic mechanical analog of the hydrodynamical circulation, relating it to the topological properties of the configuration space, and using it to constrain the stochastic mechanical variational principles.
Rotor-body coupling revisited

Two analytical procedures are discussed that are currently used to couple rotor and body equations. The first approach, a 'rotor-body iteration' procedure, is often used in flight dynamics simulations. In this approach, acceleration response at the hub interface between the rotor and body are calculated from the body set of equations. These hub acceleration responses are substituted into the rotor set of equations and the remaining rotor acceleration responses are calculated. These rotor responses are used to calculate the rotor hub loads which are transferred back to the body equations to initiate the next iteration. The second method is a 'fully coupled' equations approach that is used in finite element-based analyses. The body and rotor sets of equations are coupled using a kinematic constraint relation at the hub interface. This paper compares the advantages of the two approaches and shows where convergence problems occur in the rotor-body iteration procedure.
3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTE (PA) DIFFERENTIATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOSS OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 (IGF-1) ACTIVATION OF MAP KINASES. ▴ 492

3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTE (PA) DIFFERENTIATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOSS OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 (IGF-1) ACTIVATION OF MAP KINASES. ▴ 492
Comparison of methods for calculating prostate specific antigen velocity.

Purpose: Prostate specific antigen velocity is frequently calculated using regression analysis of multiple prostate specific antigen measurements during an interval of 18 to 24 months. It has been reported that the prostate specific antigen velocity in the year before prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with the cancer specific mortality rate following radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. There are limited data comparing alternate methods of calculating prostate specific antigen velocity. In this study we compared simple arithmetic prostate specific antigen velocity calculations to the more complicated regression analysis using prostate specific antigen measurements from varying intervals to determine whether the methods were interchangeable.Materials and Methods: From 2003 to 2005 a total of 540 men underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Preoperative prostate specific antigen velocity was calculated using arithmetic and linear regression methods during 12 an...
Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. V. Preparation and properties of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from various bovine tissues

Abstract Adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)_dependent protein kinases, which catalyze the phosphorylation of proteins by ATP, have been found in each of fifteen bovine tissues examined. The enzymes were partially purified from these tissues, and their properties studied. Cyclic AMP increased by 5–15-fold the ability of each of these enzymes to phosphorylate histones. The concentration of cyclic AMP required to give half-maximal activation ranged from 30 to 160 nM. The 3′,5′-monophosphate derivatives of inosine, guanosine, uridine, and cytidine also activated the enzymes, but only at concentrations considerably higher than those required for cyclic AMP. 2′-Deoxythymidine 3′,5′-monophosphate was incapable of stimulating enzyme activity. Of the proteins tested as substrates, histone was the most effective for all of the enzymes studied. Protamine and casein were also phosphorylated by the enzymes. All of the enzymes had an absolute requirement for a divalent metal. Cyclic AMP stimulated enzyme activity in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+, whereas it inhibited enzyme activity in the presence of Ca2+. The concentration of ATP required to give half-maximal velocity was determined for several of the enzyme preparations in the absence and presence of cyclic AMP; in each case, the apparent K m for ATP was significantly lower in the presence than in the absence of the activator. It was found that adenine, adenosine, AMP, ADP, GDP, riboflavin, FMN, and FAD inhibited enzyme activity to varying degrees. The fifteen enzyme preparations were found to be generally similar, but some important differences were observed.
Quantitative Analysis of Phenyl-Acetic Acid in Proteus Mirabilis Cultures by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A method was developed for the analysis of phenylacetic acid produced by Proteus mirabilis during a 10-day incubation period. A daily sample was acidified and extracted with petroleum ether for 24 hours in a continuous extraction apparatus. The extract of each day was analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography using UV detection at 254 nm. A 10-μl aliquot of the concentrated extract was injected onto an octadecylsilane column. The mobile phase consisted of 20% methanol and 80% sodium acetate buffer, 0.01 M, pH 4.2. This method may be used for screening other microbial fermentations for the production of similar lipophilic acids.
Implementation of Targeted Infection Surveillance in an Outpatient Surgery Center

Abstract ISSUE: In the past our surgery center (SC) performed PROJECT: We implemented a targeted SSIS system; we target high-volume, riskier procedures, based on review of the medical literature and historical SSIS results. Initially IC staff developed an Excel spreadsheet and a report template to track and display the data. Surveillance is performed monthly. IC staff print a list from the surgery database of patients who had procedures at the SC, sorted by surgical service. Clinical and microbiology data on the targeted cases are reviewed via our online medical information system. The NNIS SSI definition is used to determine any SSIs. The IC specialist sends a monthly summary to the SC team. This part of the surveillance takes about 8 hours per month. Semi-annually the IC specialist and the SC team meet formally to discuss the results and develop recommendations. RESULTS: During 2003, we followed nine types of surgeries. Our overall SSI rate was 0.75% (monthly range 0%–1.6%). Although procedure-specific rates varied from 0% to 20%, low numbers of procedures in several categories limit interpretation of this data. Of six SSIs detected, only one was cultured. LESSONS LEARNED: Our targeted SSIS system is time-effective and takes advantage of computer technology. Procedure-specific rates enable us to focus IC efforts and to detect potential problems. We are able to identify SSIs that are not cultured. Dividends include increased communication between IC and SC staff. We expect the significance of internal benchmarking to increase in the future as we have more data.
An Analysis of Moisture Accumulation in the Roof Cavities of Manufactured Housing

A detailed computer analysis is conducted to investigate whether moisture problems occur in the roof cavity of manufactured homes constructed in compliance with the current Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Standards for manufactured housing. The current HUD Standards require a ceiling vapor retarder, but do not require outdoor ventilation of the roof cavity. In cold climates, the analysis revealed that moisture accumulates at lower roof surface and poses a risk of material degradation. The analysis found the following combination of passive measures to be effective in preventing detrimental winter moisture accumulation at lower surface of the roof: (1) providing a ceiling vapor retarder; (2) sealing penetrations and openings in the ceiling construction, and (3) providing natural ventilation openings in the roof cavity. In addition, the performance of a roof cavity exposed to a hot and humid climate is investigated. The analysis revealed that outdoor ventilation of the roof cavity causes the monthly mean relative humidity at the upper surface of the vapor retarder to exceed 80%. This condition is conducive to mold and mildew growth.
Euthyphro’s Elenchus Experience: Ethical Expertise and Self-Knowledge

The paper argues that everyday ethical expertise requires an openness to an experience of self-doubt very different from that involved in becoming expert in other skills—namely, an experience of profound vulnerability to the Other similar to that which Emmanuel Levinas has described. Since the experience bears a striking resemblance to that of undergoing cross-examination by Socrates as depicted in Plato’s early dialogues, I illustrate it through a close reading of the Euthyphro, arguing that Euthyphro’s vaunted “expertise” conceals a reluctance to submit himself to the basic process of self-redefinition that results from learning the limits of one’s knowledge. I show how the dialogue itself models the disruptive experience of selfquestioning that leads to moral maturity, providing further evidence that expertise has an important non-cognitive element, as well as casting doubt on the ethical value of seeking “definitions” of the virtues
Prophylaxis of Aerosolized Pentamidine-Induced Bronchospasm: A Symptom-Based Approach

The frequent occurrence of bronchospasm due to aerosolized pentamidine (AP) may reduce delivery of drugs to distal airways and produce symptoms that limit therapy. This study performed spirometric measurements before and after AP treatment in 30 human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patients over 18 months. Patients reporting symptoms of bronchospasm were treated with prophylactic beta-agonist aerosol before subsequent AP treatment. Forty percent of patients reported symptoms. This group had significant declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 second associated with AP, whereas the asymptomatic group had no decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Bronchodilator prophylaxis eliminated AP-induced symptoms and spirometric changes. Baseline spirometry did not change after five monthly treatments. The close relationship between symptoms and acute spirometric changes, the lack of progressive airway obstruction due to AP, and the reliable response to beta-agonist therapy make a symptom-based approach to treatment possible.
Ion rotational distributions for nonlinear molecules at near-threshold photoelectron energies

Rotationally resolved photoelectron spectra can provide significant insight into the underlying dynamics of molecular photoionization. Recent advances in experimental techniques now make it possible to readily achieve rotational resolution in molecular photoelectron spectra. Here we discuss results of our recent theoretical studies of rotationally resolved photoelectron spectra at near-threshold energies for the nonlinear molecules H_2O, H_2S, and CH_2O (formaldehyde). These studies serve to reveal the rich dynamics of molecular photoionization and, where possible, to provide a robust description of key spectral features of interest in related experimental studies.
Effect of Cereal Product Residual Moisture Content on Total Dietary Fiber Determined by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Published studies on the applications of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to the analysis of fiber in forages, feeds, grains, and cereal products indicate the presence of O-H absorbance, due to sample moisture content, in the calibration models. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which residual moisture in samples interferes with the ability of NIRS to predict total dietary fiber (TDF) in cereal products and grains. Milled cereal products and grains were stored in 20%, 60%, and 80% experimental relative humidity (rh) environments and a vacuum oven. Samples (N = 143) were analyzed for moisture and predicted for TDF. Results showed significant differences between laboratory reference TDF and predicted TDF for samples that were either very low or very high in moisture. Cereal products and grain samples stored under ambient conditions (N = 90) were combined with selected samples stored under different rh environments (N = 53) to develop a new calibration using partial least squares regression. The standard error of cross validation and multiple coefficient of determination (R 2 ) were 1.85% and 0.98, respectively. The model was validated with an independent set of cereal products (N = 29) stored under ambient and rh environments. Samples stored under ambient and rh environments were predicted with standard errors of performance of 1.70% and 1.86%, respectively. The study shows that NIRS can be used to predict TDF in cereal products and grains with a wide range of residual moistures when calibrations include the range of residual moisture expected.