cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing a liaison program in a new organizational structure : A work in progress

Summary This article describes the development of an expanded liaison outreach program in the context of a view of organizational structure that is characterized by a flattened organizational hierarchy, an emphasis on programmatic groups and a merger with college computing services. The goal of this liaison program is to provide consistent information to academic departments about library services, collection development and instruction, as well as information regarding computing services. The production of a liaison script to assist librarians in communicating information about rapidly changing services and technologies offered by a merged Division of Library and Information Services is outlined. The first years of the liaison program's development are evaluated in terms of the barriers to success and the benefits of such an expanded program.
Temperature Dependent Defect Level for an Ionic Failure Mechanism

On N-channel MOSFET devices, phosphosilicate glass maintains threshold stability by gettering ionic (sodium) contaminants, typically to 250°C. However, defects can affect the phosphosilicate glass and substantially reduce its gettering ability. The defect level then becomes temperature dependent, which if not taken into account, results in erroneous reliability projections.
Detection of Color Changes in Green Vegetables

The sensitivity of colorimetry and sensory evaluation for determination of postharvest color changes in broccoli (B), cucumber (C), spinach (S) and tomato (T) was studied at normal (10°C for C and T, 4°C for B and S) and abuse (37°C for C and T, 21°C for B and S) temperatures. Both techniques resolved major color changes but failed to detect changes under normal storage temperatures. With significant color changes, both methods exhibited similar patterns. The sensitivity of detection of color changes in green vegetables should be determined before measuring such changes during storage.
Death by parenteral nutrition

According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary a poison or toxin is “a substance that through its chemical action usually kills, injures or impairs an organism” [1]. Based on this definition, in the critically ill, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) meets all the criteria of a poison/toxin. Furthermore, TPN exhibits other properties common to many toxins, namely, the presence of a dose response curve (the more you give the greater the toxicity), its toxicity is most evident in those with depressed host defense mechanisms (the critically ill) and an antidote exists (enteral nutrition).
Air power, space power and geography

(1999). Air power, space power and geography. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 22, Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy, pp. 63-82.
Co-states for sliding mode design in linear systems

A control design for linear systems with uncertainties is presented where a particular time-varying sliding mode manifold is specified utilizing co-states of the plant. We introduce design methods for both continuous time and sampled data systems. It is shown that robustness of the closed-loop systems with continuous time control degrades when an equivalent sampled data control is used.
A logic design structure for LSI testability

The ability to put hundreds of logic gates on a single chip of silicon offers great potential for reducing power, increasing speed, and reducing cost. Unfortunately, several problems must be solved in order to exploit these advantages of large-scale integration, LSI. This paper will describe a logic design method that will greatly simplify problems in testing, diagnostics, and field service for LSI. The design method is based on two concepts that are nearly independent but combine efficiently and effectively. The first is to design sequential logic structures so that correct operation is not dependent on signal rise and fall time or on circuit or wire delay. The second is to design all the internal storage elements (other than memory arrays) so that they can also be operated as shift registers to facilitate testing and diagnostics. Sequential logic, which is difficult to test, can then be transformed to combinational logic, which is less difficult. The transformation is performed during test generation. Advantages and cost impact will also be discussed qualitatively.
Theory of light-beam propagation at nonlinear interfaces. I. Equivalent-particle theory for a single interface.

A theory is presented that describes the global reflection and transmission characteristics of a self-focused channel propagating at an oblique angle of incidence to an interface separating two or more self-focusing nonlinear dielectric media. The nonlinear wave packet representing the self-focused channel is represented as an equivalent particle moving in an equivalent potential. The dynamics of the particle is described by Newton's equations of motion, with the asymptotic propagation paths of the channel being read off from the associated phase portraits of the equivalent potential. Equilibria of the potential, or equivalently, critical points in the phase plane, represent stationary (stable or unstable) nonlinear surface waves. Stability of the latter follows immediately from a simple inspection of the potential. The shape of the equivalent potential changes with the power in the incident beam. Our theory provides the nonlinear analog of the well-known linear Snell's laws of reflection and transmission. Conditions on the validity of the theory are established in parameter space by extensive numerical solution of the nonlinear partial differential equation describing beam propagation. One important conclusion of the paper is that the predictions of the equivalent-particle theory encompass a wide physical parameter space. As an illustration of an application of the theory, we show how to design an all-optical angle or power adjustable spatial scanning element. Contact is made with earlier numerical studies of beam propagation and nonlinear surface-wave stability at a linear-nonlinear interface.
A comparison of item selection techniques and exposure control mechanisms in CATs using the generalized partial credit model

The use of more performance items in large-scale testing has led to an increase in the research investigating the use of polytomously scored items in computer adaptive testing (CAT). Because this r...
Molecular characterization of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase purified from Lymantria dispar

Abstract Phosphofructokinase (PFK) was purified from Lymantria dispar larvae by affinity chromatography using ATP-Sepharose and its properties were assessed. A single protein band with an apprarent molecular size of 82 kDa was observed after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a specific activity of 96 units/mg was obtained for the purified enzyme. A 45% recovery of the total enzyme activity present in the whole body homogenate was obtained. A molecular size of 330 kDa for the native enzyme was determined through gel filtration studies at pH 8.0 using Superose-6 chromatography indicating that the insect enzyme is composed of four identical subunits. At low pH (6.4) the gypsy moth larval enzyme dissociated into inactive dimers. Ammonium sulfate appeared to stabilize enzyme. The regulatory properties of PFK from the gypsy moth at pH 7.3 were examined. The enzyme displayed a sigmoidal fructose-6-phosphate saturation curve and was inhibited by high concentrations of ATP. Addition of fructose-2,6-biphosphate decreased the cooperativity towards fructose-6-phosphate and relieved inhibition by high concentrations of ATP. AMP, ADP and cyclic-AMP were all activators of the gypsy moth enzyme with AMP being the greatest effector. Citrate, phosphoenolypyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate were very poor inhibitors. The N-terminus of the gypsy moth enzyme is blocked. Amino acid sequences of HPLC-purified tryptic peptides of the gypsy moth enzyme were aligned to the known sequence of the mammalian A isozyme revealing a significant degree of identity. The gypsy moth enzyme is not phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in vitro under a variety of conditions and may lack the basic residues that provide specificity for the cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase at its C-terminus.
Auroral electrojet AL index and polar magnetic disturbances in two hemispheres

[1] Earlier we found that the auroral electrojet AL index, indicating substorm activity in the northern hemisphere, in local summer months correlates much better with geomagnetic activity not in the nearby polar cap but in the opposite polar cap; we explained this effect as a result of interhemispheric field-aligned currents, which suppress substorm field-aligned currents in the summer hemisphere but increase these currents in the winter hemisphere. In the present paper, we took into account this effect and examined a method for reliably monitoring the substorm auroral electrojet, measured with the auroral electrojet AL index, by using hourly averages of geomagnetic field from two polar observatories (Thule and Vostok) in two hemispheres. We tested this method for 3 years. The correlation between the predicted and actual AL indices for these years was stable and very high, and it showed no significant dependence on season and a relatively weak UT variation. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and actual AL indices for these three years was about 0.89. The proposed method, based on using magnetic field data from two polar geomagnetic observatories in two hemispheres, not only significantly improves the reliability of monitoring the westward auroral electrojet in the northern hemisphere but it may also be used for monitoring the westward auroral electrojet in the southern hemisphere where no AL index is available because a significant portion of the southern auroral zone is located over the oceans. The results of this paper show that measurements of geomagnetic field in two hemispheres are of high importance for reliably monitoring the geomagnetic activity and related events in each hemisphere.
Lower-upper Symmetric-Gauss-Seidel method for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations

On developpe un schema de relaxation multigrille. Application a des ecoulements transsoniques
Validation of molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules using NMR spin relaxation as benchmarks: Application to the AMBER99SB force field

Biological function of biomolecules is accompanied by a wide range of motional behavior. Accurate modeling of dynamics by molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations is therefore a useful approach toward the understanding of biomolecular function. NMR spin relaxation measurements provide rigorous benchmarks for assessing important aspects of MD simulations, such as the amount and time scales of conformational space sampling, which are intimately related to the underlying molecular mechanics force field. Until recently, most simulations produced trajectories that exhibited too much dynamics particularly in flexible loop regions. Recent modifications made to the backbone φ and ψ torsion angle potentials of the AMBER and CHARMM force fields indicate that these changes produce more realistic molecular dynamics behavior. To assess the consequences of these changes, we performed a series of 5−20 ns molecular dynamics trajectories of human ubiquitin using the AMBER99 and AMBER99SB force fields for different con...
The Rio Dell Formation: A Plio‐Pleistocene Basin Slope Deposit in Northern California

The Rio Dell Formation (Pleistocene and Pliocene), exposed south of Eureka, California, is a prograded sequence of basinal turbidites overlain by basin slope and shelf deposits. The slope deposits studied in the Centerville Beach section accumulated in a steadily shallowing environment delineated by analysis of palaeobathymetrically significant benthonic foraminiferal biofacies in turn suggesting deposition at depths of 1000–100 m. Lower slope deposits interfinger with basinal turbidites derived from the Eel River delta to the north. Slumped blocks of silty mudstone, and associated silt and mud beds, are common. The middle slope deposits are mudstones; coarser sediments bypassed this zone. Mudstones and muddy siltstones alternate on the upper slope. Shallow depressions, probably slump scars, that have been rapidly filled by upper slope sediment are common. The transition to shelf deposits is marked by an increase in sediment grain size, in the degree of oxidation, and in the abundance of megafossils. High percentages of benthonic foraminifera displaced from shelf depths indicate that resedimentation processes are most important on the upper slope.
Swelling properties and intrinsic reactivities of coal chars produced at elevated pressures and high heating rates

Abstract A high-temperature, high-pressure flat-flame burner reactor was developed to prepare char at different pressures. This system achieves particle heating rates of 105 K/s, which better mimics industrial conditions than conventional drop tube or radiative flow reactors. Previous data at atmospheric pressure demonstrated a significant decrease in particle swelling during devolatilization as heating rates increased from 104 K/s (the typical drop tube heating rate) to 105 K/s. Pyrolysis experiments were performed at pressures from 1 to 15 atm at 1300 °C for two bituminous coals and a lignite. Average swelling was determined from a combination of the mass release and the average density. The results indicate significantly lower swelling ratios at elevated pressures than reported in the literature. Scanning electron micrographs show that the bubbles in the bituminous coal particles popped before significant swelling at these elevated heating rates. Lignite particles exhibited shrinkage rather than swelling, but still showed a small effect of pressure. TGA oxidation reactivities were determined for the Pitt #8 and Knife River lignite char samples at their respective char preparation pressures. The oxidation reactivities of both the bituminous and lignite chars decreased with increasing pressure.
Impact of video parameters on the DCT coefficient distribution for H.264-like video coders

We examine the impact of various encoding parameters on the distribution of the DCT coefficients for H.264-like video coders. We model the distribution of the frame DCT coefficients using the most common Laplacian and Cauchy distributions. We show that the resolution, the quantization levels and the coding type have significant impact on the accuracy of the Laplacian and Cauchy distribution based models. We also show that the transform kernel (4 ×4 vs 8 × 8) has little impact. Moreover, we show that for the video sources that have little temporal or spatial detail, such as flat regions, the distribution of the frame DCT coefficients resembles a Laplacian distribution. When the video source exhibits more detail, such as texture and edges, the distribution of the frame DCT coefficients resembles a Cauchy distribution. The correlation between the details of the video source to the two probability distributions can be used to further improve the estimation of the distribution of the frame DCT coefficients, by using a classification based approach.
Computation of N-body problem by two-body problems

Abstract Using the phase flows of two-body problems, we obtain a family of explicit algorithms for N -body problems. These finite difference schemes are symplectic and preserve nine of the ten classical integrals of the system.
Properties of Nanostructured Resonant Leaky-Mode Photonic Devices

In this paper, we review the basic properties of resonant leaky mode elements implemented with periodic waveguide layers and consider their applicability in photonic devices and systems. Leaky waveguide modes can be exited when an incident light beam is coupled into the waveguide structure through an inscribed periodicity under phase-matching conditions. This results in generation of a guided-mode resonance field response in the spectrum. Device operation can be explained in terms of the photonic band structure and associated leaky-wave effects near the second stop band. Resonant devices such as bandpass/bandstop filters, polarizers, wideband reflectors, biosensors, tunable filters, and display pixels can be designed using this operational principle.
Comparative life cycle assessment of laminated and vacuum vapor-deposited thin film solid-state batteries

Lamination technologies used to produce lithium ion batteries are limited by the capital investment needed for multiple unit operations, solvent use for electrolyte and electrode slurries, and an inability to exert control over active material particle morphology and homogeneity. Advancements in thin-film solid-state processing using vacuum coating hold promise to overcome these challenges for batteries with superior energy density and cycle life, if cost and scalability issues can be overcome. A comparative life cycle assessment is reported for battery production using lamination and thin-film vacuum vapor deposition. Lithium vanadium oxide solid-state cells are found to have the lowest impact, per unit energy storage, in cumulative energy demand (CED), global warming potential (GWP), and six other midpoint environmental indicators. Human health and resource depletion impacts are generally higher for lithium manganese oxide and lithium cobalt oxide solid-state cells than for their laminated counterparts, whereas CED and GWP per unit energy storage are 25–65% lower for solid-state cells across all cathode chemistries. Sensitivity analysis, taking into account uncertainties related to solid-state cell properties and vacuum vapor deposition process efficiencies, indicates that CED and GWP impacts for battery electric vehicle mobility using packs with solid-state cells will be lower than those incurred using laminated cells.
Investigation of the low-energy spectrum in 93Nb

Abstract Coulomb excitation of low-energy levels in 93 Nb with oxygen ions has been studied at incident beam energies of 25 to 42 MeV. The most intense γ-rays observed can be assigned to members of a multiplet of a g 9 2 proton coupled to the 92 Zr core. Energy-level measurements and B (E2) values obtained (in units of e 2 ×1O −52 cm 4 ) are as follows: 744.7 ± 0.3 keV, 180 ± 13; 809.3 +- 0.3 keV, 167 ± 12; 950.5 ± 0.3 keV, 247 ± 17; 979.0 ± 1.0 keV, 127 ± 11; 1084.0 ± 1.0keV, 21.9 ± 2.6. Excitation probabilities and spin assignments are discussed in terms of the weak coupling model.
Delayed intravenous contrast-enhanced 3D FLAIR MRI in Meniere's disease: correlation of quantitative measures of endolymphatic hydrops with hearing.

Abstract Objective Using three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (3D-FLAIR MRI), our goal was to correlate quantifiable measures of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) with auditory function in the setting of Meniere’s disease (MD). Materials and methods Forty-one ears were analyzed in 21 subjects (12 ears with MD, 29 without MD). Vestibular endolymphatic space size measurements obtained with two different techniques were referenced against clinical data. Results EH was better evaluated on 3D maximum intensity projections (MIPs) than on two-dimensional (2D) images. Using MIPs, quantitative assessments EH correlated with severity of hearing impairment. Conclusion 3D MIPs were superior to 2D images for evaluating EH in the setting of MD.
Skeleton keys: An introduction to human skeletal morphology, development, and analysis.

By Jeffrey H. Schwartz. 1995. New York: Oxford University Press. 362 pp. ISBN 0-19-505638-8 $49.95 (cloth).
A pH-Dependent Kinetic Model of Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase from Multiple Organisms

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is a flavoenzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of reduced lipoyl substrates with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. In vivo, the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase component (E3) is associated with the pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, and glycine dehydrogenase complexes. The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex connects the glycolytic flux to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is central to the regulation of primary metabolism. Regulation of PDH via regulation of the E3 component by the NAD+/NADH ratio represents one of the important physiological control mechanisms of PDH activity. Furthermore, previous experiments with the isolated E3 component have demonstrated the importance of pH in dictating NAD+/NADH ratio effects on enzymatic activity. Here, we show that a three-state mechanism that represents the major redox states of the enzyme and includes a detailed representation of the active-site chemistry constrained by both equilibrium and thermodynamic loop constraints can be used to model regulatory NAD+/NADH ratio and pH effects demonstrated in progress-curve and initial-velocity data sets from rat, human, Escherichia coli, and spinach enzymes. Global fitting of the model provides stable predictions to the steady-state distributions of enzyme redox states as a function of lipoamide/dihydrolipoamide, NAD+/NADH, and pH. These distributions were calculated using physiological NAD+/NADH ratios representative of the diverse organismal sources of E3 analyzed in this study. This mechanistically detailed, thermodynamically constrained, pH-dependent model of E3 provides a stable platform on which to accurately model multicomponent enzyme complexes that implement E3 from a variety of organisms.
Who distinguishes between sinners and sins at the implicit level of awareness

Several researchers have investigated the possibility that people indeed can love individuals who are engaged in behaviors that are considered unacceptable. In the present research, the authors evaluated the possibility that people distinguish between presumably sinful persons and presumably sinful behaviors at a cognitive level that does not involve conscious intent and awareness: the implicit (nonconscious) level of awareness. Participants performed a speeded-response task, the Implicit Association Test. Results indicated that participants were able to make such a (person vs. behavior) distinction and that in doing so, they manifested positive implicit evaluations of sinful people relative to sinful actions.
A "true" electrical cell model for timing, noise, and power grid verification

Empirically characterized equation- and table-based cell models have been applied in static timing analysis for decades. These models have been extended to handle a variety of environmental and circuit phenomena over the years. This has given rise to a profusion of cell models that are used to verify circuit functionality and performance. The recent invention of a second-generation of current source models shows the promise of a unified electrical cell model that comprehensively addresses most of the effects that are perceived as accuracy limiters. In this paper, we describe these accuracy limiters and present comprehensive results for a particular current source model [11].
The physiological basis for genetic variation in water use efficiency and carbon isotope composition in Arabidopsis thaliana

Ecologists and physiologists have documented extensive variation in water use efficiency (WUE) in Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as association of WUE with climatic variation. Here, we demonstrate correlations of whole-plant transpiration efficiency and carbon isotope composition (δ(13)C) among life history classes of A. thaliana. We also use a whole-plant cuvette to examine patterns of co-variation in component traits of WUE and δ(13)C. We find that stomatal conductance (g s) explains more variation in WUE than does A. Overall, there was a strong genetic correlation between A and g s, consistent with selection acting on the ratio of these traits. At a more detailed level, genetic variation in A was due to underlying variation in both maximal rate of carboxylation (V cmax) and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax). We also found strong effects of leaf anatomy, where lines with lower WUE had higher leaf water content (LWC) and specific leaf area (SLA), suggesting a role for mesophyll conductance (g m) in variation of WUE. We hypothesize that this is due to an effect through g m, and test this hypothesis using the abi4 mutant. We show that mutants of ABI4 have higher SLA, LWC, and g m than wild-type, consistent with variation in leaf anatomy causing variation in g m and δ(13)C. These functional data also add further support to the central, integrative role of ABI4 in simultaneously altering ABA sensitivity, sugar signaling, and CO2 assimilation. Together our results highlight the need for a more holistic approach in functional studies, both for more accurate annotation of gene function and to understand co-limitations to plant growth and productivity.
Carbon nanoadditives to enhance latent energy storage of phase change materials

Latent energy storage capacity was analyzed for a system consisting of carbon nanoparticles doped phase change materials (PCMs). Three types of samples were prepared by doping shell wax with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multiwall CNTs, and carbon nanofibers. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the latent heat of fusion. The measured values of latent heat for all the samples showed a good enhancement over the latent heat of pure wax. A maximum enhancement of approximately 13% was observed for the wax/SWCNT composite corresponding to 1% loading of SWCNT. The change in latent heat was modeled by using an approximation for the intermolecular attraction based on the Lennard-Jones potential. A theoretical model was formulated to estimate the overall latent energy of the samples with the variation in volume fraction of the nanoparticles. The predicted values of latent energy from the model showed good agreement with the experimental results. It was concluded that the higher molecular ...
The anionic conjugates of bilirubin and bile acids stimulate ATP hydrolysis by S-(dinitrophenyl)glutathione ATPase of human erythrocyte

Abstract These studies demonstrate that bilirubin-ditaurate (an analog of bilirubin-diglucuronide), lithocholic acid 3- O -sulfate, and lithocholic acid 3- O -glucuronide, which are believed to be transported from liver into bile through an active transport process stimulate ATP hydrolysis by purified dinitrophenylglutathione ATPase of human erythrocytes. The K m and V ma? values of the enzyme for these substrates are similar to those for dinitrophenylglutathione indicating the transport mechanisms for bilirubin conjugates, and anionic bile acid-conjugates from hepatocytes to bile and transport of GSH-conjugates from erythrocytes may be mediated by similar mechanisms.
Inhibitory effects of cysteamine on neuroendocrine function.

Abstract The action of cysteamine on anterior pituitary hormone secretion was studied in vivo using conscious, freely moving male rats and in vitro using anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture. Administration of 500 μg cysteamine into the lateral cerebral ventricles of normal rats caused the complete inhibition of pulsatile GH secretion for a minimum of 6 h. This treatment also significantly decreased plasma concentrations of LH for at least 6 h in orchiectomized rats, TSH in short-term (0.5 month) thyroidectomized rats, and PRL in long-term (6 months) thyroidectomized rats. The in vivo stimulation of GH, LH, TSH and PRL with their respective releasing hormones 60 min after administration of cysteamine was not different from the response observed in rats pretreated with saline except for PRL where cysteamine pretreatment significantly inhibited the expected PRL increase. In vitro, 1 mM cysteamine decreased basal and TRH stimulated PRL release while not affecting basal or stimulated GH, LH, TSH and ACTH secretion. These data demonstrate the dramatic and wide-ranging effects of cysteamine on anterior pituitary hormone secretion. This action appears to be mediated through hypothalamic pathways for GH, LH and TSH and through a pituitary pathway for PRL.
Composition, structure, and regeneration patterns in a gallery forest along the Tana River near Bura, Kenya

Abstract This study used classification and ordination techniques to characterize the composition and distribution of woody vegetation along the Tana River floodplain near Bura in eastern Kenya. Results obtained from cluster analysis of tree and shrub vegetation corroborated the results from non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS), separating the forests into seven fairly well-defined assemblages of species. The primary vegetation gradient summarized by the ordination was significantly correlated (0.257–0.394, p
A 13C and 1H NMR study of some aryltellurium tris(diethyldithiocarbamates)

Carbon-13 and proton NMR spectra are reported for phenyl-,4-methoxyphenyl-, 4-ethoxyphenyl- and 3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyltellurium tris(diethyldithiocarbamate). Both the 1H and the 13C spectra are typical of compounds undergoing a fast exchange process, only the N-methylene proton signals and the thiocarbonyl carbon signals showing evidence for exchange broadening. The phenyl C-1 carbon signal is deshielded relative to benzene (by 12.0 ppm), and shows solvent dependence. The thiocarbonyl carbon atoms absorb at 197.5-199.1 ppm, showing solvent dependence but little sensitivity to the aryl group substituents.
Invisible watermarking for image verification

In this paper we propose a new method for invisibly wa- termarking high-quality color and gray-scale images. This method is intended for use in image verification applications to determine whether the content of an image has been altered, due perhaps, to the act of a malicious party. It consists of both a watermarking pro- cess which stamps a watermark into a source image without visual degradation, and a watermark extraction process which extracts a watermark from a stamped image. The extracted watermark can be compared with the embedded watermark to determine whether the image has been altered. The processing used in the watermarking and watermark extraction processes will be presented in this paper. In addition, we shall describe some modifications that provide better security, and an adaptation of the scheme to watermark JPEG im- ages. Experimental results are reported. Some advantages of this technique over other invisible watermarking techniques for verifica- tion will be discussed; these include a high degree of invisibility, color preservation, ease of extraction, and a high degree of protec- tion against the retention of a correct watermark after alteration by a malicious party. © 1998 SPIE and IS&T. (S1017-9909(98)00903-9)
ATTITUDES TOWARD EDUCATIONAL MEDIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY

This study was conducted to determine if there is or is not a difference in attitudes toward educational media between older adults and younger adults. Attitudinal information was gathered from the two groups utilizing an instrument entitled “Controversy in Academia” a 39‐item Likert‐type questionnaire. The questions from the instrument were divided into six groups, and six operational hypotheses were generated to effect testing. The results indicated that there were no basic differences between the attitudes toward educational media expressed by older adults and those expressed by younger adults.
Two-mechanism peak concentration model for cellular pharmacodynamics of Doxorubicin.

Abstract A mathematical model is presented for the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. The model assumes sigmoidal, Hill-type dependence of cell survival on drug-induced damage. Experimental evidence indicates distinct intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of doxorubicin cytotoxicity. Drug-induced damage is therefore expressed as the sum of two terms, representing the peak values over time of concentrations of intracellular and extracellular drugs. Dependence of cell kill on peak values of concentration rather than on an integral over time is consistent with observations that dose-response curves for doxorubicin converge to a single curve as exposure time is increased. Drug uptake by cells is assumed to include both saturable and unsaturable components, consistent with experimental data. Overall, the model provides better fits to in vitro cytotoxicity data than previous models. It shows how saturation of cellular uptake or binding with concentration can result in plateaus in the dose-response curve at high concentrations and short exposure, as observed experimentally in some cases. The model provides a unified framework for analyzing doxorubicin cellular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, can be applied in mathematical models for tumor response and treatment optimization.
Minkowski space non-Abelian classical solutions with noninteger winding number change.

Working in a spherically symmetric ansatz in Minkowski space, we discover new solutions to the classical equations of motion of pure SU(2) gauge theory. These solutions represent spherical shells of energy, which move inward near the speed of light at early times, excite the region of space around the origin at intermediate times, and move outward at late times. The solutions change the winding number in bounded regions centered at the origin by noninteger amounts. They also produce a noninteger topological charge in these regions. We show that the previously discovered solutions of L\"uscher and Schechter also have these properties.
Intraclonal dimorphism of caudal cirri in Euplotes vannus: cortical determination.

SYNOPSIS. Intraclonal variation in number of right caudal cirri (RCC) occurs within some species of the hypotrichous genus Euplotes. Euplotes vannus, a marine species, may have either 2 or 3 RCC. A single clone always contains individuals of both types. The frequency of individuals of each type within a clone was found to be 0.5. This fact suggested that during division each parental cell gives rise to one daughter having 3 RCC and one having 2. Formation of RCC during division was studied in E. vannus and in E. plumipes, a fresh-water form which always has 2 RCC. The studies were made on living animals and on fixed animals stained with protargol or by the Chatton-Lwoff method. In both species, the new RCC first appear in the right dorsal kineties and later migrate to the ventral surface. The RCC for the proter develop near the parental equator while those for the opisthe form near the posterior end of the parent cell, both sets developing in close proximity to kinetosomes of the kineties. In both species the 2 dorsal kineties furthest to the right each give rise to 2 RCC, one for the proter and one for the opisthe. In E. vannus, however, the third-from-the-right dorsal kinety also produces one right caudal cirrus for the proter. Therefore, in E. vannus it is the proter which always receives 3 caudal cirri and the opisthe which gets only 2. The role of the cortex in determining these events is discussed. Two cases of abnormal caudal cirrus formation are also described. Other aspects of morphogenesis during division, not previously reported, are also presented and discussed.
Duodenal absorption of oxytetracycline-hydrochloride in rabbits following admixture of cholesterol esters

Cholesterol acetate admixed with oxytetracycline hydrochloride in equal proportions exhibits a maximal melting point depression. The mixture, administered orally to rabbits, provided higher and longer lasting plasma concentrations than when the same antibiotic was given with oil as the delivery vehicle. Duodenale Resorption von Oxytetracyclin bei Kaninchen nach Zumischung von Cholesterolestern Cholesterolacetat bildet mit gleichen Anteilen Oxytetracyclinhydrochlorid eine Mischung mit einer maximalen Schmelzpunkterniedrigung. Bei oraler Verabreichung an Kaninchen wird eine hohere Konzentration und Verweildauer des Antibiotikums im Plasma erzielt als bei Verabreichung mit O1 als Tragersubstanz.
High School Exit Exams and Mismeasurement

Abstract Test score validity takes center stage in the debate over the use of high school exit exams. Scant literature addresses the amount of conditional standard error of measurement (CSEM) present in individual student results on high school exit exams. The purpose of this study is to fill a void in the literature and add a national review of the CSEM, including data on the amount of CSEM present in high school exit exams results. Individual student results from each of the 23 exit exams contained a CSEM ranging from 3.29 to 39 scale-score points. Nearly one-fourth of the state education agencies did not report the CSEM for the individual student results.
Revealing a Master Narrative Discourses of Retirement Throughout the Working Life Cycle

Retirement is an expected phase of life that is made meaningful through social discourses such as master narratives. This study identified and explored a master narrative of retirement. Eighty-four individuals were interviewed representing four work experience phases. A thematic analysis revealed a master narrative of retirement that shaped expectations for retirement. Participants consistently narrated retirement as the ultimate marker of individual success and freedom. Two fractures appeared in this master narrative: the freedom/routine fracture and the individual responsibility/universal expectations fracture. These fractures created tension within the master narrative of retirement. This study has implications for social class as well as implications for the ways in which master narratives are interwoven into the cultural fabric of society.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Thick Ta2O5 Films for Photonic Band Gap Materials

Advances in microelectromechanical systems has generated an ever growing demand for novel insulating material applicable to high temperature systems. Photonic bandgap materials are appealing for such applications, specifically Ta 2 O 5 due to its high index of refraction, refractory nature and negligible absorbance in the infrared region. The challenge faced in the realization of such materials is the synthesis of crack free Ta 2 O 5 films whose thickness is in the order of a quarter wavelength of the incident infrared radiation. This work seeks to investigate the effect of addition of polyvinyl pyrollidone (PVP) as a binder material in the sol gel synthesis of thick, uniform and crack free Ta 2 O 5 films. Incorporation of PVP into the sol precursor has enabled uniform and crack free films with thicknesses of up to 2.4 microns to be realized. Chemical probing of the precursor was conducted via TGA, FTIR, and NMR analysis of the sol to elucidate the processes behind this film formation. The calcined oxide films were characterized via SEM, XRD and XPS.
Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of thermodynamic models using equal probability sampling (EPS)

Abstract A novel approach called equal probability sampling (EPS) is used for analyzing uncertainty and sensitivity in thermodynamic models. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for simulation and design of industrial processes are becoming increasingly important. The (EPS) method produces more realistic results in uncertainty analysis than methods based on other sampling techniques such as Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) or shifted Hammersley sampling (SHS), when parameters are highly correlated. When parameters are not correlated, EPS reduces to the LHS method. The EPS method is based on resampling to obtain uniform coverage over level sets of the objective function used to obtain the parameters of the model. The existence of unfeasible situations is substantially reduced with EPS. It can be extended to any regression model describing other kinds of physical applications and can be used as a better tool to estimate more reliable safety factors in the design and simulation of industrial chemical processes.
What is a client

This paper presents the problem of identifying who clients are in the context of a federally funded contract research project for women with AIDS. During the course of the research, researchers must report back to the government every six months how many clients they have served. Yet among the staff of the HIV Women's Study (HWS), disagreements have arisen in terms of who the true clients are and who can be billed for services rendered. Competing perspectives of staff members are framed according to Stone's work on identity. Stone (1962) discusses the relational context of two axes along which qualifications of identity are discussed, and the results from this primary research are placed within Stone's grid and discussed in terms of the concepts presented in his article.
Routine Activities and Urban Homicides A Tale of Two Cities

This study examined the victim-offender relationship and location of occurrence of homicides in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for the years 1987 to 1992. A routine activities approach was used as a theoretical framework for interpreting homicides in this city. The sociodemographic variables of age, sex, and employment status and the temporal variable of season of the year were found to be the strongest predictors of homicide victimization. These results were compared with those of a similar study by Messner and Tardiff of homicides in Manhattan (a borough of New York City). Overall, the findings provide further, although limited, support for the routine activities approach as a means of examining urban homicides.
A Technique for the Measurement of the Power Spectra of Very Weak Signals

A technique is described for the measurement of power spectra which is designed to distinguish the spectrum of a weak signal which is masked by strong background noise. The method was applied during the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Venus radar experiment to study spectral characteristics of the echo. An analysis is given which describes the performance of the system in such an application.
Pulsed quantum-cascade laser-based sensor for trace-gas detection of carbonyl sulfide

Simultaneous exhaled carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon dioxide concentration measurements in human breath are demonstrated with a compact pulsed quantum-cascade laser-based gas sensor. We achieved a noise-equivalent sensitivity (1σ) of 1.2 parts per billion by measuring a well-isolated OCS P(11) absorption line in the ν3 band at 2057.6 cm-1 using an astigmatic Herriott cell of 36-m optical path length and 0.4-s acquisition time.
Finding a name for what they want: a study of New York City's Teaching Fellows

Abstract Faced with an acute shortage of teachers in the United States, New York City has initiated an alternative teacher induction program called the Teaching Fellows (NYCTF). This study, focusing on the verbal and written narratives of 38 participants, examines the various foci of these new teachers through their first year of teaching. The participants develop their understanding of themselves as teachers, and of the teaching craft, through a clear cycle where initial ideals and knowledge are silenced in favor of their relationships with their students. The Fellows ask for assistance to better articulate the stages of development in becoming teachers.
Powerful Pawns of the Kashmir Conflict: Kashmiri Pandit Migrants

Tens of thousands Kashmiri Pandits (the Hindus of Kashmir) left the Kashmir Valley during the Kashmiri Independence movement of 1989–1990. This migration has been fervently debated by all sides eve...
Modeling and characterization of a valved glaucoma drainage device with implications for enhanced therapeutic efficacy

We report on modeling and bench test results targeted at better understanding of valved glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs), a common current surgical treatment for glaucoma. A simple equivalent circuit is described to model fluid mechanical behavior of the aqueous humor in an eye with glaucoma, both before and after implantation of a valved GDD. Finite element method simulations (FEM), based on the lubrication-von Ka/spl acute/rma/spl acute/n model, are then performed to analyze the valve's mechanical and fluidic performance. Using nanoporous membranes to mimic the in vivo fibrous capsule, we have developed a microfluidic bench test to simulate the aqueous humor flow and the post-implantation fibrous tissue encapsulation around the GDD back plate. Our numerical and bench test results show that, contrary to the prevailing belief, the valve significantly contributes to the total pressure drop even after fibrous capsule formation. Furthermore, we show that bypassing the valve through a simple polyimide tube insertion will dramatically lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) after fibrous capsule formation. This may offer a new treatment option in some patients with advanced glaucoma.
International jurisdictional issues in the ARCTIC OCEAN

The Arctic has received notable attention from the natural science community, industry, social scientists, and national governments over the past ten years. This chapter discusses the unsettled jurisdictional issues in the Arctic region that are likely to become more significant over the next two decades. Although the Arctic is geographically remote, jurisdictional issues there have become increasingly problematic for several reasons.l The most important is an awareness of the vast natural resources in the region and the growing technological capability to exploit them commercially. Because that commercial interest is shared by several nations, jurisdictional boundaries are being more closely scrutinized and contested. The nations that directly border the Arctic Ocean are the United States, Canada, the Soviet Union, Greenland/Denmark, and Norway.
Nonlinear optical microscopy and computational analysis of intrinsic signatures in breast cancer

Recently, new non-invasive imaging methods have been developed and applied to cellular and animal mammary models that have enabled breast cancer researchers to track key players and events in mammary metastasis. Noninvasive nonlinear optical methods such as multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM), Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy (FLIM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging provide an unrivaled ability for obtaining high-resolution images from deep within tissue that can be exploited in the quest to understand breast cancer progression. These optical methods can add greatly to our knowledge of cancer progression by allowing key processes to be non-invasively imaged such as metabolism (on the basis of free and bound NADH detection via FLIM) and interactions with the extracellular matrix (SHG imaging of collagen). In this short application note we present a survey of our latest optical and computational efforts to study intrinsic fluorescence in breast cancer models. In particular we present the latest development in our SLIM Plotter application, an open source visualization program for interactive visualization and inspection of combined spectral lifetime (SLIM) data.
Reversible Modulation of Surface Plasmons in Gold Nanoparticles Enabled by Surface Redox Chemistry

Switchable surface redox chemistry is demonstrated in gold@iron/iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles with ambient oxidation and plasmon-mediated reduction to modulate the oxidation state of shell layers. The iron shell can be oxidized to iron oxide through ambient oxidation, leading to an enhance- ment and red-shift of the gold surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This enhanced gold SPR can drive reduction of the iron oxide shell under broadband illumination to reversibly blue- shift and significantly dampen gold SPR absorption. The observed phenomena provide a unique mechanism for con- trolling the plasmonic properties and surface chemistry of small metal nanoparticles. Collective oscillations of conduction electrons excited by incident light, known as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), are responsible for the extraordinary optical properties of noble metal nanostructures. (1) SPR enables extreme confine- ment of optical energy in the vicinity of a plasmonic structure, which can strongly enhance light-matter interactions in the near-field of the plasmon. This enhancement leads to the exceptional environmental sensitivity of the SPR and pro- vides the foundation for a variety of sensing applications. (2)