cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Donor designation: racial and ethnic differences in US nondesignators' preferred methods for disclosing intent to donate organs

Little is known about racial/ethnic differences in preferred methods of disclosing deceased organ donation intentions among persons not previously designating their organ donation preferences publicly or the association of medical mistrust with preferences. We surveyed 307 United States (US) adults who had not yet designated their donation intentions via drivers' licenses or organ donor cards (nondesignators) to identify their preferred disclosure methods (personal discussions with family, physicians, or religious representatives or public registration via mail/telephone/computer, workplace, place of religious worship, or grocery store/bank/post office) and to assess the association of mistrust with preferences. In multivariable models, we assessed racial/ethnic differences in preferences and the influence of medical mistrust on preferences. Nondesignators most preferred discussions with physicians (65%) or family members (63%). After adjustment, African Americans (AAs) were more likely than Whites to prefer discussion with religious representatives. In contrast, AAs and Hispanics were less likely than Whites to prefer registration at a workplace or through mail/telephone/computer. Medical mistrust was common and associated with less willingness to disclose via several methods. Encouraging donation intention disclosure via discussions with physicians, family, and religious representatives and addressing medical mistrust could enhance strategies to improve nondesignators' donation rates.
Gender, Sickness, and Healing in Rural Egypt: Ethnography in Historical Context

Gender, Sickness, and Healing in Rural Egypt: Ethnography in Historical Context. Soheir A. Morsy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993 (cloth). xiv + 237 pp.
Paths to Success: Beating the Odds in American Society

Paths to Success: Beating the Odds in American Society. Charles C. Harrington and Susan K. Boardman, eds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. 238 pp.
Phenalene analogs of the kappa opiate agonist, U-50,488

Abstract Analogs of the kappa opiate agonist, U-50,488, a trans -1,2-cyclohexane-aminoamide, incorporating a phenalene unit have been prepared.
Normal intima-media thickness on carotid ultrasound reliably excludes an ischemic cause of cardiomyopathy

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Patients with ischemia as the cause of LVSD may warrant revascularization. Angiography is the most accurate method of CAD diagnosis but is invasive, expensive, and associated with some risk. Noninvasive imaging for CAD often involves expensive equipment, radiation exposure, medication, and/or contrast administration. Carotid ultrasound with measurement of intima-media thickness (IMT) is safe and inexpensive. Carotid IMT is well correlated with the presence of CAD. We assessed the accuracy of carotid ultrasound for identification of CAD as a potential etiology of LVSD. Methods Patients with LVSD (ejection fraction ≤40%) of uncertain etiology referred for angiography underwent carotid ultrasound. Patients with history of myocardial infarction were excluded. Two experienced cardiologists blinded to CAD status determined common carotid artery (CCA) IMT and plaque. Significant CAD was defined as ≥50% stenosis of any major artery. Ischemic LVSD was defined as (1) left main and/or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery ≥75% or (2) ≥2 major arteries with ≥75% stenosis. Results Mean ejection fraction was 27% ± 10% in 150 patients. Significant CAD was found in 64 (42.7%) and ischemic LVSD in 40 (26.7%). Carotid plaque was seen in 95 (63.3%). Mean CCA IMT was ≥0.9 mm in 69 (46.0%). The combination of mean CCA IMT Conclusions Carotid ultrasound with IMT measurement is a valuable screening tool for excluding an ischemic etiology of LVSD when CAD is suspected.
Are geriatricians more efficient than other physicians at managing inpatient care for elderly patients

Objectives: To compare outcomes and measures of efficiency for hospitalized elderly adults managed by geriatricians with those managed by other physicians. Design: Secondary data analysis using a system that integrates clinical and financial information for inpatient and outpatient services delivered throughout the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). Propensity scores were developed based on participant sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and used to match participants based on the attending physician's specialty (geriatrician, n = 701; nongeriatrician, n = 11,549). Multivariate analyses using generalized estimating equations methods were performed. Setting: Two UPMC hospitals in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants: Patients aged 65 and older admitted in 2002 in a medical diagnosis-related group (DRG). Measurements: Outcomes (inpatient mortality, 30-day mortality, readmission) and efficiency measures (length of stay, total costs, and surplus, which is the difference between hospital costs and payment received for an admission). Results: Elderly adults managed by geriatricians were significantly older (P < .001) and more likely to be male (P < .001) and had more diagnoses (P < .001). Propensity scores successfully balanced characteristics managed by the two groups. Patients of geriatricians had shorter length of stay (P < .001), lower costs per admission (P < .001), and greater surplus (P < .001) with no differences in outcomes. In multivariate analyses, there were not significant differences in outcomes, but patients of geriatricians had significantly shorter length of stay and lower costs per admission and generated more surplus for the hospitals. Conclusion: Geriatricians were more efficient than other physicians in managing hospitalized elderly adults with medical DRGs frequently managed by geriatricians. This efficiency did not compromise patient outcomes.
Absolute Radiometric Calibration Of The NOAA AVHRR Sensors

Three different approaches to the absolute radiometric calibration of the two reflective channels of the NOAA AVHRR sensors are presented. The first method involves ground and atmospheric measurements and reference to another calibrated satellite sensor. The second involves ground and atmospheric measurements with no reference to another sensor, while the third method involves no ground and atmospheric measurements but reference to another sensor. NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 AVHRR data sets are presented.
Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of an open surface: Fe(111).

Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the rough Fe(111) surface, which is open in the surface plane but tight in the perpendicular direction, were calculated using the local-spin-density full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) total-energy method. Large multilayer relaxation was found in the top four layers; the calculated net surface relaxation, -0.2 A, is in excellent agreement with experiment. Although Fe(111) and Fe(100) surface atoms possess the same coordination number, their magnetic moments in Fe(111), 2.60μ B , are significantly smaller than that for Fe(100), 2.98μ B -indicating the sensitivity of Fe magnetism to its environment
Using cognitive load theory to improve the efficiency of learning to program

My research seeks to adopt existing knowledge from educational psychology and instructional design and apply it to the field of computer science education in an effort to make learning programming more time efficient. Specifically I will use cognitive load theory to improve the efficiency of learning to program. I have identified my first two studies: identifying the most appropriate modality for code segment explanations and determining the benefits of worked examples in learning programming.
Refined structure of satellite tobacco mosaic virus at 1.8 A resolution.

Abstract The molecular structure of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV) has been refined to 1.8 A resolution using X-ray diffraction data collected from crystals grown in microgravity. The final R value was 0.179 and R free was 0.184 for 219,086 independent reflections. The final model of the asymmetric unit contained amino acid residues 13 to 159 of a coat protein monomer, 21 nucleotides, a sulfate ion, and 168 water molecules. The nucleotides were visualized as 30 helical segments of nine base-pairs with an additional base stacked at each 3′ end, plus a “free” nucleotide, not belonging to the helical segments, but firmly bound by the protein. Sulfate ions are located exactly on 5-fold axes and each is coordinated by ten asparagine side-chains. Of the 10,080 structural waters, 168 per asymmetric unit, about 20% serve to bridge the macromolecular components at protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interfaces. Binding of RNA to the protein involves some salt linkages, particularly to the phosphate of the free nucleotide, but the major contribution is from an intricate network of hydrogen bonds. There are numerous water molecules in the RNA-protein interface, many serving as intermediate hydrogen bond bridges. The sugar-phosphate backbone contributes most of the donors and acceptors for the RNA. The helical RNA conformation is nearest that of A form DNA. The central region of a helical segment is most extensively involved in contacts with protein, and exhibits low thermal parameters which increase dramatically toward the ends. The visible RNA represents approximately 59% of the total nucleic acid in the virion and is derived from the single-stranded genome, which has folded upon itself to form helical segments. Linking of the helices and the free nucleotides in a contiguous and efficient manner severely restricts the disposition of the remaining, unseen nucleic acid. Using the remaining nucleotides it is possible to fold the RNA according to motifs that provide a periodic distribution of RNA structural elements compatible with the icosahedrally symmetrical arrangement seen in the crystallographic structure. The intimate relationship between protein and nucleic acid in STMV suggests an assembly pathway based on the cooperative and coordinated co-condensation of RNA with capsid protein dimers.
Quasi-stationary optical solitons with parabolic law nonlinearity

Abstract The multiple-scale perturbation analysis is used to study the perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger’s equation, due to parabolic law nonlinearity, that governs the propagation of solitons through an optical fiber. We have considered the perturbations due to the nonlinear damping and saturable amplifiers. A new definition of the phase of the soliton is introduced that captures the corrections to the pulse where the standard soliton perturbation theory fails. The numerical results support the analysis.
Toxicity of copper to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae) and Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacea) in relation to changes in water chemistry of a freshwater pond

Abstract Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Ceriodaphnia dubia were used to evaluate effects of seasonal changes in the water chemistry (DOC, alkalinity, hardness) of a freshwater pond on the toxicity of copper. Chlamydomonas was much more sensitive to copper than was Ceriodaphia . The only correlation between copper toxicity and water chemistry was a positive correlation between DOC concentrations and algal density after a 72-h exposure to copper. Because freshwater DOC changes qualitatively as well as quantitatively over time, it is postulated that these qualitative changes result in unpredictable differences in copper-binding affinity of the DOC which makes it impossible to use DOC concentrations to predict environmentally safe concentrations of copper.
Erythropoietin responsiveness in polycythaemia vera.

Summary A liquid bone marrow culture technique was used to study erythropoiesis in polycythaemia vera. Three patients with the diagnosis of polycythaemia vera treated only by phlebotomy were compared to three healthy volunteers. Erythropoiesis in vitro was assessed by counts of nucleated red cells and 3H-thymidine incorporation into erythroid precursors. Human urinary erythropoietin was found to stimulate erythropoiesis in cultures from the polycythaemia patients as well as normals. The erythropoietin effect was blocked by a rabbit anti-erythropoietin antibody. These results suggest that some erythroid precursor cells maintain an intact erythropoietin response mechanism in polycythaemia vera. They also support clinical studies of this disorder indicating that some regulation by erythropoietin may occur in vivo.
A High-Order WENO Finite Difference Scheme for the Equations of Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics

We present a high-order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) finite difference scheme for solving the equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). This scheme is a direct extension of a WENO scheme, which has been successfully applied to hydrodynamic problems. The WENO scheme follows the same idea of an essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) scheme with an advantage of achieving higher-order accuracy with fewer computations. Both ENO and WENO can be easily applied to two and three spatial dimensions by evaluating the fluxes dimension-by-dimension. Details of the WENO scheme as well as the construction of a suitable eigen-system, which can properly decompose various families of MHD waves and handle the degenerate situations, are presented. Numerical results are shown to perform well for the one-dimensional Brio?Wu Riemann problems, the two-dimensional Kelvin?Helmholtz instability problems, and the two-dimensional Orszag?Tang MHD vortex system. They also demonstrate the importance of maintaining the divergence free condition for the magnetic field in achieving numerical stability. The tests also show the advantages of using the higher-order scheme. The new 5th-order WENO MHD code can attain an accuracy comparable with that of the second-order schemes with many fewer grid points.
Effect of phencyclidine (PCP) on blood pressure and catecholamine levels in discrete brain nuclei

PCP (10 mg/kg, s.c.) causes hypertension that is associated with decrease or tendency to decrease the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the hypothalamus and the brainstem regions. If this represents a decreased catecholaminergic activity, then this may enhance sympathetic activity and contribute to the PCP-induced hypertension.
In vivo responses to vaccination with Mage-b, GM-CSF and thioglycollate in a highly metastatic mouse breast tumor model, 4T1

Metastatic breast cancer is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality. Hence, new therapies are needed that target breast cancer metastases. Here, we focus on Mage-b as a possible vaccine target to prevent the development of breast cancer metastases, through activation of Mage-b-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The syngeneic cell line 4T1, highly expressing Mage-b, was used as a pre-clinical metastatic mouse breast tumor model. BALB/c mice received three preventive intraperitoneal immunizations with Mage-b DNA vaccine mixed with plasmid DNA, secreting granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In addition, antigen-presenting cells were more efficiently recruited to the peritoneal cavity by the injection of thioglycollate broth (TGB), prior to each immunization. Immunization with Mage-b/GM-CSF/TGB significantly reduced the number of metastases by 67% compared to the saline/GM-CSF/TGB and by 69% compared to the vector control/GM-CSF/TGB. Also, tumor growth was significantly reduced by 45% in mice vaccinated with Mage-b/GM-CSF/TGB compared to the saline/GM-CSF/TGB and by 47% compared to the control vector/GM-CSF/TGB group. In vivo, the number of CD8 T cells significantly increased in the primary tumors and metastases of mice vaccinated with Mage-b/GM-CSF/TGB compared to the saline/GM-CSF/TGB and the control vector/GM-CSF/TGB group, while the number of CD4 T cells significantly decreased. The combination of Mage-b, GM-CSF and TGB did not only induce significantly higher levels of IFNγ in the lymph nodes of vaccinated compared to control mice, but also induced significantly higher expression levels of Fas-ligand (FasL) in the primary tumors (expressing Fas protein constitutively), compared to the control mice. Whether the interaction between Fas and FasL may have contributed to the smaller tumors needs to be further analyzed.
The Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment Is Characterized by Increased Lymphatic Density and Enhanced Expression of Macrophage-Derived VEGF-C

Metastases from primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) account for the majority of the ∼10,000 non-melanoma skin cancer deaths in the United States annually. We studied lymphangiogenesis in human SCC because of the potential link to metastasis. SCC samples were stained for lymphatic endothelial vessel marker LYVE-1 and positive cells were counted and compared with cells in normal skin. Gene set enrichment analysis and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR were performed on SCC, on adjacent non-tumor-bearing skin, and on normal skin to determine the differential expression of lymphangiogenesis-associated genes. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was performed to isolate tumor cells and tumor-associated inflammatory cells for further gene expression analysis. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the source of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in the tumor microenvironment. We found increased lymphatic density and reorganized lymphatic endothelial vessels in the dermis immediately adjacent to SCC nests. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of VEGF-C in skin immediately adjacent to SCC. LCM confirmed the increased expression of VEGF-C, the SCC inflammatory infiltrate. The presence of CD163(+)/CD68(+)/VEGFC(+) cells and absence of VEGF-C expression by CD3(+) or CD11C(+) cells suggested that VEGF-C is derived from tumor-associated macrophages. Clarification of mechanisms governing SCC-mediated lymphangiogenesis may identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention against aggressive or inoperable disease.
SELECTIVITY IN SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF METAL IONS BY ORGANIC CATION EXCHANGERS SYNERGIZED BY MACROCYCLES: FACTORS RELATING TO MACROCYCLE SIZE AND STRUCTURE

ABSTRACT Crown ethers and related macrocycles strongly synergize the extraction (phase transfer) of certain metal Ions from aqueous nitrate solutions to toluene solutions of organophilic sulfonic, phosphoric, and carboxylic acids. For alkali metals, the degree of synergism is related to the size correspondence between the macrocycle cavity and the metal ion if macrocycles of similar type and substitution are considered. Alkaline earth metals are similarly strongly synergized but the size-correspondence relationship is less pronounced. Other factors seem to affect selectivity of these elements. Terr.-butylbenzo-substituted crown ethers of the same size are much less effective synergists for the alkaline earths than cyclohexano- or rerr.-butylcyclohexano-substituted compounds. However, with synergism in alkali metal extraction, the reverse is generally true; that is, ferf-butylbenzo-substituted crown ethers are better synergists than cyclohexano-substituted crown ethers. Effects involving the electron-withd...
Different functional outcomes of intercellular membrane transfers to monocytes and T cells

Trogocytosis is the uptake of membranes from one cell by another. Trogocytosis has been demonstrated for monocytes, B cells, T cells, and NK cells. The acquisition of the tolerogenic molecule HLA-G by T cells and NK cells makes them behave as regulatory cells. We investigated here whether HLA-G, which is expressed by tumor cells in vivo, could be acquired by monocytes and if this transfer could have functional consequences. We demonstrate that resting, and even more so, activated monocytes efficiently acquire membrane-bound HLA-G from HLA-G tumor cells by trogocytosis. However, we demonstrate that HLA-G quickly disappears from the surface of the monocytes in contrast to the HLA-G acquired by T cells. Consequently, HLA-Gacq+ monocytes do not reliably inhibit the on-going proliferation of autologous activated T cells and do not inhibit their cytokine production. Thus, we show that the acquirer cell may control the functional outcome of trogocytosis.
The Strategies of Terrorism

Terrorism is designed to change minds by destroying bodies; it is a form of costly signaling. Terrorists employ five primary strategies of costly signaling: attrition, intimidation, provocation, spoiling, and outbidding. The main targets of persuasion are the enemy and the population that the terrorists hope to represent or control. Terrorists wish to signal that they have the strength and will to impose costs on those who oppose them, and that the enemy and moderate groups on the terrorists' side cannot be trusted and should not be supported. Each strategy works well under certain conditions and poorly under others. State responses to one strategy may be inappropriate for other strategies. In some cases, however, terrorists are pursuing a combination of strategies, and the response must also work well against this combination.
Pion double charge exchange and nuclear correlations.

Single- and double-charge-exchange reactions of pions on nuclei are analyzed by means of an elementary model based on the first- and second-order impulse approximations. The model is applied to the description of transitions induced between the isobaric analog states of $^{14}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{14}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ at 50 MeV incident pion energy. We find that the model, with only the familiar nuclear orbital wave functions as input, successfully explains the angular distributions observed in both the single and double analog state transitions. In the case of the double-charge-exchange reaction a particularly significant role in the process is played by the position correlation of the two valence neutrons in $^{14}\mathrm{C}$. Double-charge-exchange measurements, we show, furnish a direct means of detecting this correlation, which is an important feature of any nuclear shell model. Calculating the effect of this correlation requires summing the nuclear transition amplitudes over all accessible intermediate states. To restrict the summation to the intermediate analog state is to omit the effect of correlation. The double-charge-exchange probability also has some sensitivity to the spatial dependence of the pion-nucleon interaction at short distances. We find that it indicates an approximate radius for the interaction of about 0.7 fm. We have evaluated corrections to the impulse approximations due to nuclear scattering and absorbtion and find that they make only modest quantitative changes in the analysis based on plane waves.
Insights into PPARgamma from structures with endogenous and covalently bound ligands.

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor with crucial roles in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, but the structural details of the binding and activation by endogenous ligands are not known. Two recent studies reveal how oxidized and nitrated fatty acids uniquely bind and activate PPARγ.
Stochastic boundary conditions for molecular dynamics simulations of ST2 water

Abstract The deformable stochastic boundary method developed previously for treating simple liquids without periodic boundary conditions, is extended to the ST2 model of water. The method is illustrated by a molecular dynamics simulation of a sphere containing 98 water molecules. Comparison with the results of the periodic boundary simulation by Stillinger and Rahman shows very good agreement for structural and dynamic properties.
Equipartitioning Common Domains of Non-Atomic Measures

Let h(a1 , •.. , an) denote the harmonic mean n(a1 1 + ... +a; 1) -1 of positive num­ bers a1 , ••. , all' and extend this definition (by continuity) to the non-negative case by setting h(a l' ... , an) = 0 if ai = 0 for some i ~ n. Recall that a measure J1. is non-atomic if every measurable set A of strictly positive measure has a measur­ able subset B ~ A satisfying J1.(A) > J1.(B) > O. A measurable partition of a measure space (X, gF) is a collection of disjoint subsets At, ... , An of X satisfying A;EgF n for all i, and UAi=X. Throughout this paper, "measure" means "countably i= 1 additive, non-negative measure", and 11J1.11 is the total mass (or total variation) of the measure J1.; the main purpose is to prove the following theorem.
Hypocomplementemia in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract Over a two and a half year period, we saw 16 patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis and serum complement values below normal. In addition to severe joint involvement, high rheumatoid factor titers and increased immunoglobulin M (IgM) values, extra-articular manifestations were particularly prominent. There was an unusually high incidence of recurrent serious bacterial infections during the period of observation. Complement values were lowest during subacute exacerbations of the joint disease or development of extra-articular complications. Studies of individual components of complement revealed low values for C4 (all of 14 tested) and C2 (six of 12 tested). Other components were mostly normal. Anticomplementary activity could be demonstrated in several hypocomplementemic serums. Rheumatoid factor and IgM (both 19S and 7S) levels were highest when whole complement was lowest. Fourteen serums produced precipitin bands against heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G (IgG). The low levels of whole hemolytic complement (CH 50 ) and the presence of complement-fixing material in these serums suggest utilization of complement by immune complexes. The pattern of decreased C4 and C2 with more normal amounts of other components implies complement activation via C1. The concurrence of hypocomplementemia with exacerbations and complications of rheumatoid arthritis suggests that complement-fixing immune complexes may contribute to these events. In addition, the frequent infections may mean that these immunologic abnormalities lead to impaired host resistance to infection.
A unique system for the study of the biosynthesis and secretion of a specific glycoprotein enzyme.

Abstract Mycodextranase, an inducible glycoprotein enzyme, is secreted by Penicillium melinii . A microsomal mannosyltransferase utilizing an endogenous acceptor is found to be related to the induction of mycodextranase. Furthermore, the microsomal glycosylated product is characterized as a glycoprotein possessing both chemical and enzymatic properties of mycodextranase.
SIMILARITIES IN THE ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF THE OCEANIC DINOFLAGELLATES, PYROCYSTIS FUSIFORMIS, PYROCYSTIS LUNULA, AND PYROCYSTIS NOCTILUCA1

SUMMARY Three cultured species of Pyrocystis (Dinoccoccales) reproduced asexually by forming 2 (or 1) aplanospores or zoospores inside the parent cell wall. In all 3 species these small reproductive cells, although they may not resemble the parent cells, swell up rapidly (∼ 10 min) to the approximate size and shape of the parent cell. These swollen cells become new vegetative cells. The above asexual process is the only way by which cells numbers increase in our cultures. Pyrocystis lunula was propagated at the lunula stage of the life cycle. The nonmotile crescent-shaped cells produced reproductive cells that were Gymnodinium-shaped and had, in some cases, a trailing flagellum. With P. fusiformis and P. noctiluca, the reproductive cells were not flagellated. With P. fusiformis, these bodies had a pronounced equatorial constriction like a girdle, while in P. noctiluca the “girdle” was an inconspicuous feature if present. With P. noctiluca and P. fusiformis on a 12:12 ld cycle, reproductive cells were formed early in the dark period and they swelled up at the beginning of the light period. Reproduction of P. lunula was not well phased in our experiments, with reproductive cells developing at the end of the light period and the end of the dark period.
Large Eddy Simulation of an Inhomogeneous Atmospheric Boundary Layer under Neutral Conditions

Flow structures in an inhomogeneous neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer flow, obtained from large eddy simulation, are analyzed and compared with homogeneous case counterparts. The inhomogeneity is imposed in the streamwise direction by using two different surface roughness heights zo, each covering a streamwise distance of 4.8 km, to produce internal boundary layers. Adjustments of the mean velocity profiles are primarily confined to the lowest 140 m of the overlying boundary layer, with parcels being accelerated and decelerated over the respective smooth and rough surfaces. For large fetches downwind of the surface roughness discontinuities, the mean velocity profiles close to the surface are approximately logarithmic, but fitting to Monin‐
Sixty-Year-Old Man With Crescendo Angina

Bailout stenting has become an important therapy for acute closure after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The case illustrated was a 60-year-old man with crescendo angina. Coronary arteriography revealed significant stenoses in the mid and distal right coronary artery (Fig 1⇓). He …
Steady in-plane deformation of noncoaxial plastic soil

Abstract Presented in this paper is the theory of the steady in-plane deformation, obeying the Coulomb yield criterion, of plastic soils whose strain rate and stress principal directions are noncoaxial. The constitutive equations including an unknown noncoaxial angle are derived by use of the geometry of the Mohr circle and the theory of characteristic lines. A boundary value problem is solved by assigning to the non coaxial angle a set of such values that enable us to accommodate the presupposed type of flow satisfying the given boundary conditions in a given domain. The plastic material regulated by the Coulomb yield criterion in in-plane deformation is, therefore, a singular material whose constitutive equations are not constant with material but are variable with flow conditions.
Increased polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion competence in mitotic cells of a mouse lymphoid cell line

Spontaneous mitotic cells of the mouse leukemic cell line GF7 are preferentially included in cell fusion products after treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG). This implies a unique configuration of the natural mitotic membrane which is particularly vulnerable to induction of fusion by PEG. Colcemid-arrested GF7 mitotic cells, however, are excluded from PEG-induced cell fusion products, suggesting that colcemid reverses the membrane configuration which is susceptible to the action of PEG. When Sendai virus is used as the fusogenic agent, both colcemid-arrested and spontaneous mitotic cells are selectively fused. There must, therefore, be an essential membrane-fusogen reaction which is characteristically different for each of these agents.
Throughput and latency of finite-buffer wireless erasure networks with backpressure routing

We consider the problem of estimating throughput and average latency in wireless erasure networks with nodes having finite buffers. In these networks, packets are either lost due to link erasures or dropped because of full buffers. Further, a finite-buffer adaptation of backpressure routing policy is used. The exact Markov chain modeling of such networks for the sake of performance analysis turns out to be an extremely difficult problem in general due to the large number of states and their complicated transitions. In this paper, we propose a novel iterative method that estimates the performance parameters of such networks with much less complexity comparing to the exact analysis. The proposed framework leads to an accurate estimate of the steady-state probability distribution of buffer occupancies using which analytical expressions are obtained for throughput and average packet delay in the network. Finally, these analytical results are validated via simulations.
The design of optimal access paths for relational databases

Abstract A generalized model for the performance optimization of physical relational database access has been developed and implemented. The model consists of a set of algorithms and cost equations. It assists the database designer in specifying and selecting optimal access schemes within given systems' constraints. The model is an extension of previous work. It is more comprehensive and flexible. It addresses problem that have not been considered in previous models; it integrates into one model aspects that were treated individually before, and it produces database access configurations that can work within certain given system constraints.
G-net: implicit token-passing bus LAN

An implicit token-passing bus local area network (LAN) that provides a reverse round robin service to the stations is presented. The network, named G-Net, consists of a unidirectional bus folded to create a topology similar to the letter G. The G-Net provides bounded delay, a feature that makes it suitable for voice traffic. The performance of the G-Net, is evaluated via simulation.
Spin precession and oscillations in mesoscopic systems

We compare and contrast magnetotransport oscillations in the fully quantum (single-electron coherent) and classical limits for a simple but illustrative model. In particular, we study the induced magnetization and spin current in a two-terminal double-barrier structure with an applied Zeeman field between the barriers and spin disequilibrium in the contacts. Classically, the spin current shows strong tunneling resonances due to spin precession in the region between the two barriers. However, these oscillations are distinguishable from those in the fully coherent case, for which a proper treatment of the electron phase is required. We explain the differences in terms of the presence or absence of coherent multiple wave reflections.
HIPPA, privacy and organizational change: a challenge for management

Organizational change surrounding the security of identifiable health information has become imperative. This is a significant challenge for managers who are held responsible for loss of privacy through faulty security procedures. Management cannot completely secure the organization and still provide employees and customers with the information and services they need. Organizations must decide how much and what type of security they need, how to assign priorities, and how to manage security as the organization evolves in a competitive environment.
Instrumentation Techniques for Low Voltage Impulse Testing of Power Transformers

Bonneville Power Administration' s instrumentation ion techniques for the Low Voltage Impulse method of detecting physical internal changes in transformers is presented. The potential use of the method for locating that movement is also discussed.
“I Hope That I Have Not Upset Youexcl;” Reclaiming a Pastoral Voice: Theoretical Exploration Upon a Practical Case

Pastoral care is enhanced by a diversity of pastoral perspectives. This paper presents a case that contains salient pastoral care issues. Conversing with this case, I examine four different pastoral orientations in order to discuss how each uniquely interprets and evaluates the human predicament. The chosen perspectives are psychoanalysis, existential theology, process theology, and Asian theology. I conclude that the inclusion of different perspectives, rather than overwhelm the pastoral caregiver, widen the lens through which we interpret and respond to the particular needs of others.
Extraction of channel length and junction voltage in n/sup +//n/n/sup +/ or n/sup +//p/n/sup +/ polysilicon resistors

A method for extraction of channel length and junction voltage of poly-Si resistors is presented. Direct extraction of channel length can be performed for n/sup +//n/n/sup +/ resistors operating in the nonlinear I-V regime. However, poly-Si resistors may have channel doping opposite to that of the source/drain doping. For this case, a method is presented for extraction of the current-dependent voltage drop across the drain n/sup +//p junction. Importantly, this junction voltage drop can be an appreciable fraction of the drain-to-source bias and thus is important for correct analysis of n/sup +//p/n/sup +/ resistors. >
Atropine and atropine methyl bromide effects on behavior of rats

Summary Rats were trained in a complex behavioral task. Intraperitoneal administration of atropine severely impaired performance, while atropine methyl bromide was ineffective. In contrast, administration of either compound, via chronic hippocampal cannulae, produced similar deficits. The results suggest that the behavioral impairment was due to a central blockade of cholinergic pathways.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of pterostilbene analogs inside PPARα

Abstract Pterostilbene, a naturally occurring analog of resveratrol, has previously shown PPARα activation in H4IIEC3 cells and was found to decrease cholesterol levels in animals. In this study, analogs of pterostilbene were synthesized and their ability to activate PPARα was investigated. Among analogs that was synthesized (E)-4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)phenyl dihydrogen phosphate showed activity higher than pterostilbene and control drug ciprofibrate. Docking of the stilbenes inside PPARα showed the presence of important hydrogen bond interactions for PPARα activation.
On fracture locus in the equivalent strain and stress triaxiality space

Abstract The stress triaxiality is, besides the strain intensity, the most important factor that controls initiation of ductile fracture. In this study, a series of tests including upsetting tests, shear tests and tensile tests on 2024-T351 aluminum alloy providing clues to fracture ductility for a wide range of stress triaxiality was carried out. Numerical simulations of each test was performed using commercial finite element code ABAQUS. Good correlation of experiments and numerical simulations was achieved. Based on the experimental and numerical results, the relation between the equivalent strain to fracture versus the stress triaxiality was quantified and it was shown that there are three distinct branches of this function with possible slope discontinuities in the transition regime. For negative stress triaxialities, fracture is governed by shear mode. For large triaxialities void growth is the dominant failure mode, while at low stress triaxialities between above two regimes, fracture may develop as a combination of shear and void growth modes.
Mental Imagery and Intrapersonal Communication: A Review of Research on Imagined Interactions (IIs) and Current Developments

Imagined interactions (IIs) are a type of social cognition and mental imagery grounded in symbolic interactionism in which individuals imagine conversations with significant others for a variety of purposes. The II construct has provided a beneficial mechanism for operationalizing the study of intrapersonal communication. IIs are a type of daydreaming that have definitive characteristics and serves a number of functions including rehearsal, self-understanding, relational maintenance, managing conflict, catharsis, and compensation. For example, the conflict management function explains how conflict is difficult to manage in everyday life such that it is hard to “forgive and forget.” Over a decade of research is reviewed in terms of requisite characteristics and functions. Current and future research endeavors are discussed.
SCAVENGING OF SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN BY IMIDAZOLE COMPOUNDS: HIGH and SUSTAINED ACTIVITIES OF CARBOXY TERMINAL HISTIDINE DIPEPTIDES and EXCEPTIONAL ACTIVITY OF IMIDAZOLE‐4‐ACETIC ACID

Singlet molecular oxygen was generated by illumination of phenosafranin in phosphate buffer at pH 7.5. Relative efficiencies of various imidazole compounds to form endoperoxides were assayed by following at 25 degrees C the rate of light- and imidazole-dependent bleaching of N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline. Of over 30 imidazole compounds tested, imidazole-4-acetic acid, a major catabolite of histamine in mammals, exhibited the highest activity. L-Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), a natural dipeptide prevalent in striated muscle of mammals, possessed several properties important for a physiologically significant scavenger of singlet oxygen. On a molar basis, this readily water-soluble C-terminal histidine dipeptide reacted with singlet oxygen two- to four-fold faster than free L-histidine and approximately two-fold faster than the N-terminal L-histidine dipeptides tested. Furthermore scavenging ability of L-carnosine did not appreciably increase or decrease with time of reaction, in contrast to behaviors exhibited by a number of other imidazole compounds that included some other C-terminal L-histidine dipeptides. The fungal metabolite, ergothioneine, blocked singlet oxygen generation by illuminated phenosafranin.
Enhanced electron transport in dye-sensitized solar cells using short ZnO nanotips on a rough metal anode.

Many efforts have been directed toward the enhancement of electron transport in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) using one-dimensional nanoarchitectured semiconductors. However, the improvement re...
Variational Wave Function for Nuclear Matter

A variational wave function for large nuclear systems is proposed. The function is written as a product of plane wave and deuteron-like functions. The exclusion principle is conveniently introduced by explicitly cutting out overlap between the plane wave and pair states in a manner equivalent to antisymmetrization. The method is limited to nonsingular potentials. Numerical calculations with saturating Yukawa potentials yield a correlation energy of 1.1 Mev per particle at low density, decreasing with increasing density. The method of introduction of the exclusion principle is applied to a qualitative discussion of elastic scattering by a complex projectile, e.g., an alpha particle. The distortion of the projectile wave function due to the exclusion of low-momentum components reduces the depth of an effective optical potential with respect to the sum of the potentials seen by the component nucleons.
Both/And: Merging Global and Local Identity through Design. A Case Study of Puerto Madero, Buenos Aires

With the rise of globalization, many municipal governments have developed large areas of their cities specifically to attract global capital and labour. While these areas are designed, in part, for a global audience, the fact that physical development is geographically fixed means it is also often used and given meaning by local residents. Although this mixed condition of global and local influences is often described as confrontational, it is possible to merge these influences to create areas that have a hybridized identity that is both local and global. This paper presents the case study of the centrally located and formerly derelict port area of Puerto Madero in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Global and local influences are made manifest in the redesign and revitalization of this area through formal characteristics, architectural language, social narratives and the design and planning process. The lessons gleaned from this case study can be used as a strategic foundation for future design and development in ...
The Fuzzy Metrics of Money: The Finances of Travel and the Reception of Curiosities in Early Modern Europe

Summary This article argues that commerce and the language of finance had an important influence over the interpretation of curiosities in the early modern period. It traces how learned travellers in the years around 1700 were constantly reminded to watch their purses and to limit their expenses while on the road. As a result, monetary matters also influenced their appreciation of artificialia and naturalia. They judged and compared the aesthetic value of curiosities by mentioning their price. Money offered an easy, telegraphic manner of signalling intrinsic worth. Visitors of cabinets paid attention to the financial value of the collector's books, paintings, and natural specimens, and kept mentioning it in their diaries and correspondence. The keen attention of students, scholars and amateur gentlemen to money suggests that, even if the Republic of Letters operated in a gift economy, its members were much aware of their gifts’ prices. Commercial values deeply infiltrated the erudite discourse of the period.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the long bones of the upper extremity.

The long bones of the upper extremity are often overlooked in favor of addressing their intervening joints. However, there are a wide variety of pathologic processes that can involve these anatomic segments. To better understand the complex anatomy of the upper extremity, the following discussion is divided into sections describing the osseous, muscular, and neurovascular anatomy of the arm and forearm using a compartmental approach. The discussion touches on a few common normal variants and their potential functional consequences. The upper extremity joints of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist are addressed separately.
The GLAD lesion: Another cause of anterior shoulder pain

A GLAD (glenolabral articular disruption) lesion is caused by a forced adduction injury to the shoulder from an abducted and external rotated position; patients with GLAD lesions present with anterior shoulder pain as their chief complaint. No signs of anterior instability are found on physical examination or at surgery. All cases are relieved of anterior shoulder pain by lidocaine injection intraarticularly during the arthrographic examination, but arthrographic examinations are normal. At surgery, a superficial anterior inferior labral tear has been identified in all cases associated with an anterior inferior glenoid articular cartilage injury. Arthroscopic debridement of the labral tear with glenoid articular chondroplasty or abrasion arthroplasty is the treatment of choice. All symptoms were eliminated within 3 months after the surgical debridement in all cases.
Chronic low humidity-stress in the lizard Anolis carolinensis: Changes in diurnal corticosterone rhythms

Plasma corticosterone levels of female lizards (Anolis carolinensis) were sampled at 4-h intervals before and after a photothermal regimen known to stimulate ovarian growth in January and February, respectively. Female A. carolinensis have a diurnal cycle in plasma corticosterone with a daily peak at 1700 h in lizards with unstimulated ovaries exposed to short photophase and low temperature (12L 20°C:12D 20°C). Stimulation of ovarian growth by increasing the temperature and lengthening the photophase (14L 32°C:10D 20°C; 80% relatively humidity) caused an 8-hr shift in the phase of the corticosterone peak to 0900 h. In lizards exposed to stimulatory temperature and photoperiod but also to low humidity (<35%) corticosterone exhibited a biphasic rhythm, with peaks at both 0900 and 1700 h. These results suggest that conditions which stimulate reproductive activity also cause a phase shift in the daily rhythm of plasma corticosterone. The results also suggest that chronic low humidity during these stimulatory conditions creates a biphasic rhythm of plasma corticosterone in this species. Therefore, a natural condition, low humidity, may be a chronic stressor of the lizard Anolis carolinensis.
Democratization and the politicization of religious civil society in Turkey

In this article, we explain how the political opportunity structure characterized by official secularism and state regulation of religion has shaped the politicization of religiously oriented civil society in Turkey. The ban on religious political parties and strict state control over religious institutions create constraints for the expression of religious interests. However, due to changes in laws regulating the civil society sector and rule by a religiously sympathetic political party, religious groups use associations and foundations to express their interests. We observe that, in this strictly controlled opportunity structure, religiously oriented Muslims have framed their religious interests in the political realm parallel to those of the dominant political party, the Justice and Development Party (AKP). Through a study of non-governmental organizations we document the rhetoric religious groups use to frame their position on several key issues: religious freedom for the majority religious group, met...