cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping Late Leaf Spot Resistance in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Using QTL-seq Reveals Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection.

Late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) is a major fungal disease of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea). A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population segregating for quantitative field resistance was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) using QTL-seq. High rates of false positive SNP calls using established methods in this allotetraploid crop obscured significant QTL. To resolve this problem, robust parental SNPs were first identified using polyploid-specific SNP identification pipelines, leading to discovery of significant QTL for late leaf spot resistance. These QTL were confirmed over four years of field data. Selection with markers linked to these QTL resulted in a significant increase in resistance, showing that these markers can be immediately applied in breeding programs. This study demonstrates that QTL-seq can be used to rapidly identify QTLs controlling highly quantitative traits in polyploid crops with complex genomes. Markers identified can then be deployed in breeding programs, increasing the efficiency of selection using molecular tools.
The response of source-bordering aeolian dunefields to sediment-supply changes 1: Effects of wind variability and river-valley morphodynamics

Abstract Source-bordering dunefields (SBDs), which are primarily built and maintained with river-derived sediment, are found in many large river valleys and are currently impacted by changes in sediment supply due to climate change, land use changes, and river regulation. Despite their importance, a physically based, applied approach for quantifying the response of SBDs to changes in sediment supply does not exist. To address this knowledge gap, here we develop an approach for quantifying the geomorphic responses to sediment-supply alteration based on the interpretation of dunefield morphodynamics from geomorphic change detection and wind characteristics. We use the approach to test hypotheses about the response of individual dunefields to variability in sediment supply at three SBDs along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA during the 11 years between 2002 and 2013 when several river floods rebuilt some river sandbars and channel margin deposits that serve as sediment source areas for the SBDs. We demonstrate that resupply of fluvially sourced aeolian sediment occurred at one of the SBDs, but not at the other two, and attribute this differential response to site-specific variability in geomorphology, wind, and sediment source areas. The approach we present is applied in a companion study to shorter time periods with high-resolution topographic data that bracket individual floods in order to infer the resupply of fluvially sourced aeolian sediment to SBDs by managed river flows. Such an applied methodology could also be useful for measuring sediment connectivity and anthropogenic alterations of connectivity in other coupled fluvial-aeolian environments.
Preinjury Migraine History as a Risk Factor for Prolonged Return to School and Sports following Concussion

Abstract Having a preexisting migraine disorder might be a risk factor for a prolonged recovery following a sport-related concussion. We examined whether having a migraine history was associated wi...
Are Portrayals of Female Beauty In Advertising Finally Changing

In 2004, Dove created the “Campaign for Real Beauty,” featuring everyday women, to generate a dialogue about the predominantly thin models portrayed in the media ([Unilever, 2018][1]). Fourteen years later, the discussion of idealized imagery of women in the media is still a hot topic among both
Toward A Logic of Intensions

Logical syntax and semantics constitute a very central part of modern logical theory. Syntax is concerned exclusively with the signs or expressions of a language and their interconnections. In semantics, on the other hand, we are interested not only in signs and their interconnections but also in the relationships between signs and the objects which they designate or denote or stand for in one way or another. Such a semantics is a denotational or designational semantics. A second branch of semantical theory is concerned not only with denotation but with the meaning or intension of expressions. Such a theory is sometimes called an intensional semantics. We know a good deal about denotational semantics, thanks to the work of Carnap, Kotarbinski, Tarski, and others. In a sense, denotational semantics may now be regarded as a completed body of theory. The study of intensions, however, is in its infancy, and indeed it can be said safely that at the present time we have no fully satisfactory semantical theory of intensions at all.
The Contrast of the Cellular Abilities of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

The techniques of physiology, molecular biology, and ultrastructural cytology have led to an understanding of the functions and many mechanisms of action of eukaryotic cells and their parts. Although typical prokaryotes contain no membrane-bound organelles, the typical eukaryotic cell contains two types of organelles. One class of organelles, those derived from endosymbiont prokaryotes, includes mitochondria, chloroplasts, and (possibly) flagella. The other class is composed of extensions of the cell membrane: the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and other inclusion bodies. Actually, some prokaryotes do have invagination of their cytoplasmic membrane, called mesosomes. Some mesosomes are artifacts, but some are regions with enhanced numbers of membrane proteins needed for photosynthesis and chemoautotrophy. These are the analogues of the second class of eukaryotic organelles.
Investigation of subcooled flow boiling and CHF using high-resolution diagnostics

Abstract We present an experimental methodology that enables accurate measurement of fundamental subcooled flow boiling quantities, such as nucleation site density, bubble growth and wait time, and bubble departure diameter, up to the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) limit. The methodology is based on high-speed video and high-speed InfraRed (IR) diagnostics, combined with advanced post-processing techniques developed in-house. It also provides hitherto unavailable direct estimates of the individual terms of wall heat flux partitioning in subcooled flow boiling; such information is crucially relevant to the validation of the latest mechanistic flow boiling heat transfer and CHF models. Experiments were performed using deionized (DI) water, on a rectangular cross-section channel (3 × 1 cm2), at atmospheric pressure and 10 °C of subcooling, for three mass fluxes (500 kg/m2/s, 750 kg/m2/s, and 1000 kg/m2/s). For each set of operating conditions, the average heat flux was escalated from single-phase forced convection up to the occurrence of CHF, and all boiling parameters were recorded at each heat flux. The trends of measured wait time, growth time and bubble departure diameter were successfully captured by mechanistic models developed or co-developed by the authors. Measurements of the wall heat flux partitioning have revealed that the contribution of microlayer evaporation increases monotonically with the increase of the average heat flux, due to the increase of nucleation site density and bubble departure frequency. However, for our specific heater and operating conditions, the contribution of the microlayer evaporation barely exceeds 50% of the total heat flux, right before CHF.
Combining talotrexin (PT-523) with paclitaxel in A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) athymic nude mice xenografts

2210 Introduction. Talotrexin (PT-523) is an analog of aminopterin that cannot be polyglutamylated because it has a ∂-hemiphthaloyl ornithine moiety replacing the terminal glutamyl residue of the parent molecule. In competition with methotrexate (MTX), the affinity of talotrexin for the reduced folate carrier is 10-fold greater. In the presence of NADPH, with dihydrofolate as competing substrate, the affinity of talotrexin for human dihydrofolate reductase exceeds that of MTX by 15-fold. The aim of this report is to describe the effects of combination paclitaxel with talotrexin in NSCLC xenografts in athymic nude mice. Methods. In the NSCLC xenograft model, A549 human cancer cells were implanted in athymic female nude mice 6-8 weeks of age. When tumor volumes reached 50-80 mm3 treatment began with talotrexin (15, 25, 35 mg/kg) in combination with paclitaxel (7.5 mg/kg) over a 4 week period. Tumor volumes were measured every 3 to 4 days, body weights once a week for 30 days, and daily for possible side effects. The A549 cell line was grown in RMPI-1640 medium and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cell cultures were incubated in 37oC in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2 with 100% humidity. Cells were maintained in 150 cm2 flasks and transferred into new flasks with fresh RPMI-1640 twice a week. Cells were harvested at 80% confluence using a 0.25% trypsin-EDTA solution for implantation. For cell implantation, the harvested cells were washed once with sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The washed cells were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the cell pellets were re-suspended in PBS/Matrigel mixture (1:1) at a density of 3 x 106 viable cells/100µL. Each mouse was injected SC in the right flank with 100µl. Talotrexin was prepared daily in sterile deionized water to yield a 5 mg/mL solution; paclitaxel was dissolved in a mixture of DMSO/Cremophore El/H20. Talotrexin and paclitaxel were administered by IV injection once weekly. Results. Treatment of animals with talotrexin alone at 15, 25, and 35 mg/kg inhibited A549 tumor growth. At Day 30, changes in tumor volumes of the groups treated with talotrexin at 25 and 35 mg/kg were significantly lower that that of the control group (p
Identification of Surface Sites for Low-Temperature Heterogeneously Catalyzed CO Oxidation on Rh(111)

In heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation reactions on metal surfaces, advantageous oxygenaceous species proffer lower barrier reaction pathways. In order to utilize such reactions better, it is essen...
Rare but lethal short QT syndrome: most recent understanding of the disease

Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a rare genetic channelopathy that affects the repolarization of cardiac cells and is associated with cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). “Abbreviated repolarization” is the hallmark of the disease, which is secondary to genetic defects; mutations in several genes that encode different cardiac ion channels have been identified in individuals with the disease. Presentations of the disease include syncope, atrial or ventricular arrhythmia and SCD. SQTS is diagnosed with a corrected-QT (QTc) interval of <340 milliseconds (ms) or a QTc of 340-360 ms and either personal or family history of SCD, family history of SQTS or an identified genetic mutation. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is the main treatment used in the secondary prevention of SCD in patients with the disease who have experienced previous major arrhythmic events. Pharmacological treatment with quinidine is used as an adjuvant therapy to ICD in the setting of recurrent shocks or as an alternative treatment when ICD is not feasible. The goal of this review article is to describe this rare and under-studied condition, highlight steps to diagnosis and describe treatment modalities, particularly in South America where there is a lack of studies and understanding of this disease.
The Hunter Elite: Manly Sport, Hunting Narratives, and American Conservation, 1880-1925

Review of: "The Hunter Elite: Manly Sport, Hunting Narratives, and American Conservation, 1880-1925" by Tara Kathleen Kelly
Movements in the Discretionary Authority of Federal District Court Judges Over the Last 50 Years

From my vantage point, judges’ individual control over their courtrooms remains largely stable. Updated but similar versions of the problems encountered (and created) by Judge Julius Hoffman now confront our newer, younger, and perhaps better qualified judges. While federal judges may be less likely to encounter radical, overtly political defendants and government officials trying to wrest control (and public opinion) from them in court, they are more likely to see minority defendants along with accompanying “courtwatchers” who want inequities in the criminal justice system noticed in individual cases. I will first describe the Chicago Eight (soon to become the Chicago Seven) trial and then explain the new courtwatchers in Part I. On the other hand, I have witnessed federal judges having lost, primarily since the mid-1980s, much of their earlier control over the criminal justice process in general, but in particular over charging and sentencing decisions. Judicial discretion and control over a criminal trial is obviously less important when 97.2 percent of federal felony sentences are imposed by the district judge pursuant to a guilty plea negotiated between the government and the defendant, and only 2.8 percent of the sentences that judges impose are after a jury or bench trial. The power players in the criminal justice system are the folks who determine whether to offer a plea and what plea terms to include. We live in a world of guilty pleas controlled by prosecutors. Federal prosecutors determine whom to investigate, whom to charge, and how much punishment to impose. However, the pendulum has begun to swing back, and federal district judge discretion over criminal sentencing is now on the rise. I will support these observations, as well as offer some good sentencing news post-Booker, in Part II. Finally, in Part III, I will raise a relatively new phenomenon — federal district court judges imposing nationwide temporary restraining orders against the federal government. Though this last trend is not limited to or primarily about criminal trials, I think it fairly covered by the topic for today — most of these injunctions involve controversial policies that can, like with the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals case, lead to criminal charges. This legal device allows a single federal judge in a single judicial district to determine federal policy for the entire country, at least until the matter can be resolved by the Supreme Court. This is one of the few areas where I have seen federal district judicial authority expand over the last few decades. The Supreme Court has taken very recent notice of this trend, and will likely have something to say about the matter soon.
Hierarchical canonical correlation analysis reveals phenotype, genotype, and geoclimate associations in plants

The local environment of the geographical origin of plants shaped their genetic variations through environmental adaptation. While the characteristics of the local environment correlate with the genotypes and other genomic features of the plants, they can also be indicative of genotype-phenotype associations providing additional information relevant to environmental dependence. In this study, we investigate how the geoclimatic features from the geographical origin of the Arabidopsis thaliana accessions can be integrated with genomic features for phenotype prediction and association analysis using advanced canonical correlation analysis (CCA). In particular, we propose a novel method called hierarchical canonical correlation analysis (HCCA) to combine mutations, gene expressions, and DNA methylations with geoclimatic features for informative coprojections of the features. HCCA uses a condition number of the cross-covariance between pairs of datasets to infer a hierarchical structure for applying CCA to combine the data. In the experiments on Arabidopsis thaliana data from 1001 Genomes and 1001 Epigenomes projects and climatic, atmospheric, and soil environmental variables combined by CLIMtools, HCCA provided a joint representation of the genomic data and geoclimate data for better prediction of the special flowering time at 10°C (FT10) of Arabidopsis thaliana. We also extended HCCA with information from a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to guide the feature learning by imposing network modules onto the genomic features, which are shown to be useful for identifying genes with more coherent functions correlated with the geoclimatic features. The findings in this study suggest that environmental data comprise an important component in plant phenotype analysis. HCCA is a useful data integration technique for phenotype prediction, and a better understanding of the interactions between gene functions and environment as more useful functional information is introduced by coprojections of multiple genomic datasets.
Potential for recreational restrictions to reduce grizzly bear–caused human injuries

In 2011, 2 hikers were killed by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in separate incidents on backcountry trails in Hayden Valley, Yellowstone National Park, USA (YNP). Hayden Valley provides prime habitat for grizzly bears and is known to have high densities of bears. During 1970–2017, 23% (10 of 44) of all backcountry grizzly bear–inflicted human injuries and fatalities in YNP occurred in the valley even though it comprises only 1% of the park. In addition, 3 of the last 5 fatal bear attacks in the park occurred in the valley. We evaluated retrospectively whether restrictions and closures on visitor recreational activity would have prevented many of these injuries. We considered prohibitions on recreational activity during seasons when bears forage for specific high-quality foods; potential closures that coincided with the times of day and year bears were most active in the valley; and visitor use restrictions that would have prevented the most common human behaviors associated with grizzly bear–caused human injuries. The food-based closure that may have prevented the most human injuries occurred during middle to late summer when bears scavenge bison (Bison bison) carcasses that result from annual rutting behavior of bison in the valley. However, safety precautions such as hiking in groups of ≥3, remaining on maintained trails, and carrying bear spray would likely reduce the frequency of bear-inflicted human injuries more than most food-based seasonal closures. Our analyses provide broadly applicable findings regarding use of visitor behavior restrictions and seasonal closures to reduce the risk of bear-inflicted human injuries.
Record-Bandwidth, Spectrally Incoherent UV Laser Pulses

A novel scheme for frequency upconversion of nanosecond optical pulses is proposed and demonstrated, yielding more than 10× bandwidth improvement and enabling the generation of broadband spectrally incoherent pulses in the ultraviolet.
Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection Causes Acute Encephalitis in the Ferret.

ABSTRACT Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogen of both humans and livestock in Africa and the Middle East. Severe human disease is associated with hepatitis and/or encephalitis. Current pathogenesis studies rely on rodents and nonhuman primates, which have advantages and disadvantages. We evaluated disease progression in Mustela putorius furo (the ferret) following intradermal (i.d.) or intranasal (i.n.) infection. Infected ferrets developed hyperpyrexia, weight loss, lymphopenia, and hypoalbuminemia. Three of four ferrets inoculated intranasally with RVFV developed central nervous system (CNS) disease that manifested as seizure, ataxia, and/or hind limb weakness at 8 to 11 days postinfection (dpi). Animals with clinical CNS disease had transient viral RNAemia, high viral RNA loads in the brain, and histopathological evidence of encephalitis. The ferret model will facilitate our understanding of how RVFV accesses the CNS and has utility for the evaluation of vaccines and/or therapeutics in preventing RVFV CNS disease. IMPORTANCE Animal models of viral disease are very important for understanding how viruses make people sick and for testing out drugs and vaccines to see if they can prevent disease. In this study, we identify the ferret as a model of encephalitis caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). This novel model will allow researchers to evaluate ways to prevent RVFV encephalitis.
μτ production at hadron colliders

Motivated by large $$\nu_{\mu} - \nu_{\tau} $$ flavor mixing, we consider μτ production at hadron colliders via dimension-6 effective operators, which can be attributed to new physics in the flavor sector at a higher scale Λ. Current bounds on many of these operators from low energy experiments are very weak or nonexistent, and they may lead to clean μ+τ− and μ−τ+ signals at hadron colliders. At the Tevatron with 8 fb−1, one can exceed current bounds for most operators, with most 2σ sensitivities being in the 6 − 24 TeV range. We find that at the LHC with 1 fb−1 (100 fb−1) integrated luminosity, one can reach a 2σ sensitivity for Λ ∼ 3−10 TeV (Λ ∼ 6−21 TeV), depending on the Lorentz structure of the operator. For some operators, an improvement of several orders of magnitude in sensitivity can be obtained with only a few tens of pb−1 at the LHC.
Detection of small for gestational age in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes by Hadlock versus the Fetal Medicine Foundation growth charts.

Objective The primary outcome was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of neonatal small for gestational age (SGA) by the Hadlock and Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) charts in our cohort, followed by the ability to predict composite severe neonatal outcomes (SNO) in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of pregnancies with PPROM from 2015 to 2018, from 23 to 36 completed weeks of gestation. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the primary and secondary outcomes of the Hadlock and FMF fetal charts were calculated. The discriminatory ability of each chart was compared using the area under the receiver’s operating curves of clinical characteristics. Results Of the 106 women who met the inclusion criteria, 48 (45%) were screened positive using the FMF fetal growth chart and 22 (21%) were screened positive using the Hadlock chart. SGA was diagnosed in 12 infants (11%). Both fetal growth charts had comparable diagnostic accuracies and were statistically significant predictors of SGA (Hadlock: area under the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUC], 0.76, risk ratio [RR], 7.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-23; and FMF: AUC, 0.76 RR, 13.3 95%CI 1.8-99.3). Both growth standards were poor predictors of SNO. Conclusion The Hadlock and FMF fetal growth charts have a similar accuracy to predict SGA in pregnancies complicated by PPROM. The FMF fetal growth chart may result in a 2-fold increase in positive screens, potentially increasing fetal surveillance.
Demographic and functional differences among social security disability claimants

Sociodemographic characteristics may influence responses on self-reported measures. Differential item functioning (DIF) is when individuals expected to have the same ability level on a construct of interest have a different probability of endorsing an item on an item response theory (IRT) scale due to population characteristics. The goal of this study was to identify DIF for items in an outcome instrument by sociodemographic factors and, one controlling for DIF, assess true differences in function by those same factors. The Work Disability Functional Assessment Battery 2.0 (WD-FAB 2.0) is an IRT-based self-reported measure of activity limitations relevant to work. Two samples from WD-FAB developed were used: 3793 SSA disability claimants randomly drawn from a pool of 16,500 claimants and a general sample if 2100 working age adults. We used a two-step IRT-based DIF method for three pairs of respondent characteristics: age, gender, and race/ethnicity, and calculated the weighted absolute difference between item characteristic curves. Independent two-group T-tests assessed differences in scores across groups. Seventeen items displayed DIF. Men had higher scores than women on two physical and two mental function scales. Older respondents had lower physical and higher mental function scores. The lower education group had lower mental function scores. DIF impacts function measurement and is important when assessing psychometric characteristics of instruments. Self-report measures should include diverse samples to conduct similar analyses. WD-FAB 2.0 scores are now reflections of function with reduced bias related to gender, race/ethnicity, or age.
Does preoperative embolization improve outcomes of meningioma resection? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Current evidence regarding the benefit of preoperative embolization (POE) of meningiomas is inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety profile of the procedure and to compare outcomes in embolized versus non-embolized meningiomas. PubMed was queried for studies after January 1990 reporting outcomes of POE. Pertinent variables were extracted and synthesized from eligible articles. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2, and random-effects model was employed to calculate pooled 95% CI effect sizes. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Harbord's and Begg's tests. Meta-analyses were used to assess estimated blood loss and operative duration (mean difference; MD), gross-total resection (odds ratio; OR), and postsurgical complications and postsurgical mortality (risk difference; RD). Thirty-four studies encompassing 1782 preoperatively embolized meningiomas were captured. The pooled immediate complication rate following embolization was 4.3% (34 studies, n = 1782). Although heterogeneity was moderate to high (I2 = 35-86%), meta-analyses showed no statistically significant differences in estimated blood loss (8 studies, n = 1050, MD = 13.9 cc, 95% CI = -101.3 to 129.1), operative duration (11 studies, n = 1887, MD = 2.4 min, 95% CI = -35.5 to 30.8), gross-total resection (6 studies, n = 1608, OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.8-1.5), postsurgical complications (12 studies, n = 2060, RD = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.04 to 0.07), and postsurgical mortality (12 studies, n = 2060, RD = 0.01, 95% CI = 0-0.01). Although POE is relatively safe, no clear benefit was observed in operative and postoperative outcomes. However, results must be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity and selection bias between studies. Well-controlled future investigations are needed to define the patient population most likely to benefit from the procedure.
A Novel Case of Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in a Neonate With SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The Case: An 8 days old male, born at 40 wks, 2.8 kg (SGA) presented to local ED with lethargy, decreased PO intake and urine output, respiratory distress. No fever, URI sx, vomiting/diarrhea. His dad had URI symptoms and fever a week prior. He was found to have T=95.5F, glucose <10 mg/dL, improved to 125 after D10 boluses x2;and required supplemental O2 due to desats/cyanosis. CXR showed bilateral hazy opacities. Sepsis rule out was initiated, patient admitted to the PICU, started on antibiotics and dextrose. Patient became more alert over the next 3 days, but could not be weaned off from IV dextrose/continuous feeds, GIR up to 15 mg/kg/min. He was transferred to our institution. Critical sample at BG of 45 mg/dl showed high insulin level (6.9 uU/ml) and C-peptide (1.25 ng/dl);low beta-OH butyrate <0.2 mmol/L;and free fatty acids (0.25 mmol/L);all suggestive of hyerperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH). Cortisol and GH robust at 10.5 mcg/dl and 7.13 ng/ml. Nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive. Dad’s swab also positive. Mom was asymptomatic and not tested. ID was consulted, recommended supportive management and close observation. Pt was started on Diazoxide 10mg/kg/day divided q8h, and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 5mg/day. Patient’s status gradually improved - BG stabilized, feeds were compressed, IV fluids and O2 supplementation weaned off, and was discharged after 8 days with average BG in the 70-80’s range. Diazoxide and HCT were successfully weaned off in the following 3 mos. To this day patient remains well, no recurrence of hypoglycemia.Discussion/Conclusion: There is a dearth of information on SARS-CoV-2 infection in newborns. The few studies available show favorable outcomes in this population, with typical mild-moderate respiratory symptoms and fever, while some newborns are asymptomatic. Our patient required oxygen tx and developed HH requiring Diazoxide therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HH in the newborn with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hyerperinsulinism is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in infants. These newborns are at risk of developing significant neurologic morbidity, which can be dose dependent. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management are important to reduce such risk. Perinatal stress is likely the underlying mechanism leading to HH in newborns with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patient is also SGA. Both perinatal stress and SGA can lead to inappropriately elevated insulin levels and resultant hypoglycemia. HH in both of these conditions is effectively managed by Diazoxide. Our case illustrates that although most newborns do well with SARS-CoV-2 infection, a high index of suspicion for HH should be maintained in such newborns, particularly in those with at least one other risk factor for HH such as SGA. More studies are needed to elucidate underlying pathology and tease out actual incidence of hypoglycemia in neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques

Currently, there are a number of software programs designed to provide three-dimensional reformatting of computed tomography (CT) and to operate on computer equipment supplied with CT acquisition systems. These programs, unless operating on an independent work station, are subordinate to the reconstruction programs necessary for slice display. This method facilitates handling of the great volume of data to be processed. Consequently, when reference is made to a work station, it is a dedicated work station, currently the IIS (Dimensional Medicine, Inc., Minnetonka, Minnesota).
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis: Unusual manifestations in a cardiac transplantation patient

Because of the immunosuppressive therapy received by patients undergoing cardiac transplantation, disseminated infections, including disseminated fungal infections, often develop. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis developed in a 23-year-old man soon after undergoing orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Clinical manifestations included an unusual rash, severe myositis and arthropathy, a rapid downhill course, and pathologic evidence of widespread fungal invasion, including invasion of the cardiac graft. Detailed travel and geographic histories, and perhaps skin testing and antibody determinations for geographic-specific pathogens, should be part of the preoperative evaluation of all transplant candidates.
Intensity fluctuation light scattering by bacteriophage particles

Abstract Morphologically diverse bacteriophages have been used as monodisperse particles for a study of size and shape effects on the intensity fluctuation laser light scattering time correlation function. For bacteriophage P22, P22 heads, φ29, and φCb13, the translational diffusion coefficients have been determined with a 1–2% uncertainty in standard buffers. A second weak but faster fluctuation component was observed for all the phage samples studied but the origin of this component is uncertain.
Optimization of Rewriting and Complexity of Rewriting

Term rewriting technique is one of basic deduction tools in algebraic and logic programming. Computing the normal forms of terms is the fundamental step. In this paper, we design several strategies for term rewriting systems. We divide non-ambiguous and left-linear term rewriting systems into three subclasses: variable-more, variable-equal, and variable-fewer, and propose optimal strategies for the two former subclasses and an approximate strategy for the last one. Optimal strategies are the strategies that are guaranteed to generate the shortest rewriting derivations. Finally, we prove that in general, optimal rewriting strategies do not exist unless P = N P even if we assume that we are given canonical term rewriting systems.
Roppola, T. (2012). Designing for the Museum Visitor Experience. New York, NY: Routledge. 322 pages. ISBN: 9780415891844 (hbk), USD $140.00; ISBN 9781138825277 (pbk), USD $54.95.

Reviewed by Maria XanthoudakiNational Museum of Science and Technology, Milan, ItalyThis book could have been written by a museum educator, but it is not. This is not a bad thing—on the contrary, i...
Determination of Sex With a Discriminant Analysis of New Pelvic Bone Measurements: Part II

The pelves of 100 black skeletons were measured on both sides for the following: (1) length from the superiormost aspect of the pubic symphysis to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PS-A), (2) length from the highest point of the pubic tubercle to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PT-A), (3) acetabular diameter (AD), (4) the vertical distance from the anterior aspect of the ischial tuberosity to the farthest rim of the acetabulum (IT-A), and (5) greatest femur head diameter. From these, three indices were derived: AD/PS-A (acetabulum/pubis index), AD/PT-A (acetabular diameter/pubic tubercle-acetabular rim index), and IT-A/PS-A (ischium-acetabulum height/pubic symphysis-acetabular rim index). The left AD/PS-A ratio and left IT-A height proved statistically to be of greatest discriminating value. Using these two variables, a discriminant function was derived which, followed by sorting with femur head diameter, accurately classified 97% of our sample. The acetabulum/pubis index alone with subsequent sorting by femur head diameter correctly assigned 96% of our sample. While this does not represent an improvement of predicatability over similar methods using the ischium/pubis index, measurements required for the acetabulum/pubis index are more easily defined and should, therefore, reduce the chance of observer error.
Gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange as a molecular probe for the interaction of methanol and protonated peptides

The gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium (HID) exchange kinetics of several protonated amino acids and dipeptides under a background pressure of CH3OD were determined in an external source Fourier transform mass spectrometer. H/D exchange reactions occur even when the gas-phase basicity of the compound is significantly larger (> 20 kcal/mol) than methanol. In addition; greater deuterium incorporation is observed for compounds that have multiple sites of similar basicities. A mechanism is proposed that involves a structurally specific intermediate with extensive interaction between the protonated compound and methanol.
Teacher Outreach to Families Across the Transition to School: An Examination of Teachers’ Practices and their Unique Contributions to Children’s Early Academic Outcomes

This descriptive study explored teachers’ outreach to families in preschool, kindergarten, and first grade, and its relations to children’s early growth in language, literacy, and mathematics. Teachers (n = 62) completed surveys reporting the frequency of outreach practices to families, and children’s (n = 210) early academic skills were assessed at the beginning and end of the school year. In addition, parents described their education, while teachers noted their education, experience, and number of minutes they devoted to various types of classroom instruction. Results revealed that the frequency of teacher outreach varied both across practices and across teachers. Positive associations emerged between teachers’ provision of workshops and children’s vocabulary learning, as well as between teachers’ invitations to volunteer in the classroom and children’s mathematics development, even after controlling for teacher, family, and child factors. In contrast, the frequency of teachers’ phone calls to families was inversely related to children’s vocabulary and mathematics learning. Results provide new information about the nature of teacher outreach during the school transition period and its distinct, selective contributions to important early skills.
Statistical reanalysis of four recent randomized trials of acupuncture for pain using analysis of covariance.

Objectives: Acupuncture has been promoted for the treatment of chronic pain. Though many randomized trials have been conducted, these have been criticized for deficiencies of methodology, acupuncture technique, and sample size. Somewhat less emphasis has been placed on methods of statistical analysis. This paper describes 4 recent randomized trials of acupuncture for musculoskeletal or headache pain. Each trial used statistical methods that did not adjust for baseline pain scores and were thus of suboptimal power. The objective of this study is to reanalyze the trials using analysis ofcovariance (ANCOVA). Methods: Raw data for the 4 trials were obtained from the original authors. Data were reanalyzed by ANCOVA. Results: For 2 trials-acupuncture versus placebo for chronic headache and acupuncture versus transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation for back pain-reanalysis did not change the conclusion of no difference between groups, but showed that clinically significant differences between groups could not ruled out. Reanalysis of a trial of acupuncture versus placebo for shoulder pain slightly strengthened the evidence of acupuncture effectiveness. Reanalysis of the fourth trial, which compared acupuncture to placebo acupuncture and massage for neck pain, reversed the results of the original paper: reanalysis found acupuncture to be effective and that its effectiveness could not be ascribed to a placebo effect. Discussion: Future trials of acupuncture and other modalities for pain should use efficient statistical methods. ANCOVA is more efficient than unadjusted analysis where used appropriately.
PtRh resistors for Si compatible low-T/sub c/ Josephson technology

A PtRh resistor has been developed as an integral part of an advanced planarized low-T/sub c/ Josephson technology that is compatible with Si integrated circuit processing. Electron-beam evaporated from a single source, the PtRh films have a sheet resistance well controlled in the range of 3-20 /spl Omega//square that is independent of temperature from 4.2 K down to at least 10 mK. The contact resistivity between PtRh, with a sheet resistance of 5 /spl Omega//square and Nb interconnects is typically 0.7 /spl Omega//spl middot//spl mu/m. >
Analysis of Bridge Condition Rating Data Using Neural Networks

Currently, bridges are evaluated using either a visual inspection process or a detailed structural analysis. When bridge evaluation is conducted by a visual inspection, a subjective rating is assigned to a bridge component. With analytical evaluation, the rating is computed based on the load applied and the resistance of the bridge component. There have been several attempts to correlate the subjective rating to the analytical rating. The conventional statistical analyses, as well as methods based on fuzzy logic, have not been very successful in providing a clear relationship between the 2 rating systems. This paper describes the application of neural network systems in developing the relation between subjective ratings and bridge parameters as well as that between subjective and analytical ratings. It is shown that neural networks can be trained and used successfully in estimating a rating based on bridge parameters. The specific application problem for railroad bridges in the commuter rail system in the Chicago metro area is presented.
Mixed Valency at the Nearly Delocalized Limit: Fundamentals and Forecast

Mixed valency is important in many areas of chemistry, from synthetic to biological systems, from the simplest systems to the most highly complex. The purpose of our research is to understand the principles of mixed valency in localized, nearly delocalized, and delocalized systems, and to apply our knowledge to the rational design of molecular devices. This microreview discusses our group's research over the last ten years. It reviews methods of estimating picosecond electron-transfer lifetimes from infrared spectral lineshapes, studies of the localized-to-delocalized transition and the effects of frozen solvents, charge gating by non-covalent interactions, electron-transfer-gated electron transfer, and the distribution of charge within a molecule probed and controlled by an applied electric field. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Excitation and chirality dependence of the exciton-phonon coupling in carbon nanotubes

Based on the empirical nearest-neighbor tight-binding model, we predict that the dependence of the cross section of the resonance Raman scattering from the radial breathing mode of a carbon nanotube multiplied by the fourth power of the nanotube radius is a quadratic function of a newly introduced parameter characterizing nanotube chirality. This dependence reflects the dependence of the exciton-phonon coupling matrix element on the nanotube radius and chiral angle. We perform Raman scattering measurements on nanotubes in solution and confirm the predicted parabolic dependence assuming a close-to-uniform distribution of chiral angles in nanotube samples. The deviation of the experimental points from the parabola provides information about chirality distribution of nanotubes in a sample, which opens new horizons in characterization of samples containing nanotubes of different chiralities.
A Family Affair

As we have seen, Nicolas Freeling’s Van der Valk series uses a police detective’s investigations to conduct a sophisticated literary interrogation of the ideological constraints of the three major sub-genres of detective fiction; his Castang series constitutes a more pointedly social inquiry in which Freeling explores more fully the nature of policing as it is distributed throughout French society. Unlike Van der Valk, Henri Castang is thoroughly integrated into the police judiciaire; because he is less the independent operative within the state structure than his predecessor, Castang’s cases establish the official domain of the traditional control mechanisms of the State as the starting point for an examination of the broader modes of collective social discipline.
Digital Rendering of Sedimentary-Relief Peels: Implications for Clastic Facies Characterization and Fluid Flow

Abstract A new technique is presented for generating high-resolution digital models of natural sedimentary deposits for quantitative analyses. The traditional technique of 2D sedimentary-relief peels of unconsolidated clastic deposits is combined with modern digital laser scanning and 3D microscopy techniques to represent spatially varying rock properties related to sedimentary fabrics at native resolution (millimeter to meter-scale). Peel topography (relief) is documented to correlate with changes in mean grain diameter and standard deviation, so that the topography can be used as a proxy (inferred) for spatially varying rock properties related to grain sizes and sorting (e.g., permeability, threshold pressure). To provide an applied example of the value of such investigation, and to illustrate the influence that sedimentary structures can have on fluid migration, peel topography is used to populate a threshold pressure 2D continuum for invasion percolation (IP) simulations. IP is typically used for hydrocarbon migration and is being explored to investigate CO2 migration in sequestration contexts. Simulation results for a 3.1-million-cell model (∼ 0.5 × 0.25 m) of a ripple-laminated peel from a modern fluvial point bar suggest that sedimentary fabrics can strongly modify saturation via local capillary trapping. The technique, datasets, and analysis presented are broadly applicable and expand quantitative characterization capabilities for a variety of geologic studies.
Mutarotase: still candidate for the role of membrane glucose carrier?

Abstract Phlorizin-like glycosides and phloretin were tested for their ability to reversibly inhibit the mutarotase-catalyzed interconversion of d -glucose anomers. The potency of these inhibitory compounds was compared to their previously reported ability to inhibit competitively the carrier-mediated glucose transport in intestine and kidney systems. These experiments were designed to test the controversial proposal that the so-called mutarotase protein is the membrane glucose carrier. It was argued that if mutarotase actually serves as the transport protein in the intestinal epithelium, then the phlorizin-like compounds should display the same relative potency as either enzyme or transport inhibitors. Although we found some interesting similarities, our results suggest that the active center of the functioning, membrane-bound glucose carrier and that of hamster intestinal mutarotase are not structurally identical.
Brief paper: Input-to-state stability of switched systems and switching adaptive control

In this paper we prove that a switched nonlinear system has several useful input-to-state stable (ISS)-type properties under average dwell-time switching signals if each constituent dynamical system is ISS. This extends available results for switched linear systems. We apply our result to stabilization of uncertain nonlinear systems via switching supervisory control, and show that the plant states can be kept bounded in the presence of bounded disturbances when the candidate controllers provide ISS properties with respect to the estimation errors. Detailed illustrative examples are included.
Many views, many modes, many tools ... one structure: Towards a Non-disruptive Integration of Personal Information

People yearn for more integration of their information. But tools meant to help often do the opposite-pulling people and their information in different directions. Fragmentation is potentially worsened as personal information moves onto the Web and into a myriad of special-purpose, mobile-enabled applications. How can tool developers innovate "non-disruptively" in ways that do not force people to re-organize or re-locate their information? This paper makes two arguments: 1. An integration of personal information is not likely to happen through some new release of a desktop operating system or via a Web-based "super tool." 2. Instead, integration is best supported through the development of a standards-based infrastructure that makes provision for the shared manipulation of common structure by any number of tools, each in its own way. To illustrate this approach, the paper describes an XML-based schema, considerations in its design and its current use in three separate tools. The schema in its design and use builds on the lessons learned by the open hypermedia and structural computing communities while moving forward with new techniques that address some of the changes introduced by the evolution of the term "application" to move beyond desktop apps to mobile apps, cloud-based apps and various hybrid architectures.
Deposition, Erosion and Corrosion Protection for Coal-Fired Gas Turbines

Probably the greatest technical uncertainty for gas turbines directly fired with coal fuels is flowpath degradation due to deposition, erosion and corrosion from coal ash. Mechanisms of turbine deposition, erosion, and corrosion are discussed here and critical factors affecting these degradation processes are identified. Control of these factors is addressed as a basis for providing acceptable lifetimes of turbines operating with coal-derived and other ash bearing fuels.Copyright © 1985 by ASME
Analysis and differentiation of software system environments

To be certain that prerelease reliability and performance levels can be expected in operation, one must establish that the testing environment emulates the end-use environment. If these environments differ, then one must know the nature of this difference to know its impact on customer satisfaction. While an ability to differentiate software environments is important in software engineering, there are few publications regarding this concept. Of the publications that we know of, none provide an empirical setting for comparing environments. In this paper we analyse two software systems as they operate in selected environments. We present two graphical characterizations of these systems, and we apply a statistical method to determine whether two environments are distinct. The results suggest applications of statistical methods in the detection of environmental differences.