cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors fabricated from multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) coated ZnO nanoparticles

Enhanced near band-edge (NBE) emission was observed from composite structures fabricated from a PVA coated ZnO (PVA-ZnO) nanoparticle thin film embedded with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The enhancement is attributed to the resonant coupling between the bandgap transition of the semiconductor and the surface plasmon (SP) of MWCNTs. Moreover, the PVA-ZnO/MWCNTs/PVA-ZnO composite structures show faster transient response, which is due to the carrier transportation process in the composite structure. Reductions are observed for both photocurrent to dark current ratio and intensity of photoresponsivity, demonstrating a tradeoff between the time transient response and the detectivity.
Smoking cessation: A successful behavioral/pharmacologic interface

Abstract Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature mortality in this country. Fortunately, there are both behavioral and pharmacological approaches that are effective in long-term smoking cessation. The purpose of this review will be first to highlight the short- and long-term effectiveness of behavioral, pharmacological, and combined approaches to smoking cessation. We will review what is known about the mechanisms of change in both behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Adherence to both approaches will be highlighted and cost-effectiveness issues will be discussed. It will be concluded that despite the relatively high cost per confirmed long-term quit smoker, smoking cessation is an area in which a high degree of cost effectiveness can be demonstrated.
Manufacturing Growth and the Lives of Bangladeshi Women

Abstract We study the effects of explosive growth in the Bangladeshi ready-made garments industry on the lives on Bangladeshi women. We compare the marriage, childbearing, school enrollment and employment decisions of women who gain greater access to garment sector jobs to women living further away from factories, to years before the factories arrive close to some villages, and to the marriage and enrollment decisions of their male siblings. Girls exposed to the garment sector delay marriage and childbirth. This stems from (a) young girls becoming more likely to be enrolled in school after garment jobs (which reward literacy and numeracy) arrive, and (b) older girls becoming more likely to be employed outside the home in garment-proximate villages. The demand for education generated through manufacturing growth appears to have a much larger effect on female educational attainment compared to a large-scale government conditional cash transfer program to encourage female schooling.
The (Non) Religion of Mechanical Turk Workers

Social science researchers have increasingly come to utilize Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to obtain adult, opt-in samples for use with experiments. Based on the demographic characteristics of MTurk samples, studies have provided some support for the representativeness of MTurk. Others have warranted caution based on demographic characteristics and comparisons of reliability. Yet, what is missing is an examination of the most glaring demographic difference in MTurk—religion. We compare five MTurk samples with a student convenience sample and the 2012 General Social Survey, finding that MTurk samples have a consistent bias toward nonreligion. MTurk surveys significantly overrepresent seculars and underrepresent Catholics and evangelical Protestants. We then compare the religiosity of religious identifiers across samples as well as relationships between religiosity and partisanship, finding many similarities and a few important differences from the general population.
An outrageous introduction

Half of what follows is not true. If I knew which half, this would be less outrageous. The purpose of this introduction is like that of the workshop-to provoke thought and, perhaps, even suggest conclusions.
From Jacobin to Liberal

This article focuses on From Jacobin to Liberal: Marc-Antoine Jullien, 1775–1848 and argues that this book, written near the end of Robert R. Palmer’s career, stands as a sort of bookend to his earlier masterpiece, Twelve Who Ruled. The focus of the book, MarcAntoine Jullien, was a precocious idealist, just sixteen years old when he made his first speech before the Paris Jacobin club. He supported the Jacobin political vision and went on to serve as an emissary in the provinces for the Committee of Public Safety, the focus of Twelve Who Ruled. As such, young Jullien was denounced as a terrorist after the fall of Robespierre. He survived the Revolution, however, and Palmer sees in him an example of a young man whose political views evolved over time, from Jacobinism to liberalism. Challenging those who have viewed the French Revolution as leading inevitably to tyranny, Palmer presents the life of Marc-Antoine Jullien as exemplary of the positive legacy of that tumultuous event.
Signaling in Global Games

This paper aims to study the impact of costly and private information acquisition in global games with applications in financial crisis (e.g. bank runs, currency crisis). While exogenous asymmetric information has been shown to select a unique equilibrium, we show that the endogenous costly information acquisition can lead to multiple equilibria. Moreover, we show complementarities in actions translate into complementarities in information acquisition. In addition, increasing number of in- formed agents increases the crisis probability, in particular when the fundamental is strong and agents are conservative. Also, the crisis probability decreases with strong fundamental or conservative agents. In contrast, it increases in stressful regimes. Finally, releasing a more precise public signal is not necessarily a good policy to avoid crisis, in particular when the fundamental is weak and agents are aggressive. Our analysis highlights the importance of endogenous and costly private information acquisition in crisis time.
Petra—The Mountain of Aaron III. The Archaeological Survey

The Finnish Jabal Hārūn Project (FJHP), at work in the mountainous hinterland just southwest of Petra in southern Jordan since the late 1990s, has published the third volume of its findings. Petra—...
Lorazepam vs Diazepam for Status Epilepticus

Investigators at the Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, and ten additional US centers in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN), conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of lorazepam and diazepam in the treatment of generalized convulsive status epilepticus (SE) in children aged 3 months to younger than 18 years.
Urinary Acid Mucopolysaccharides in Normal Man and in Hurler's Syndrome.

SummaryChondroitin sulfate A comprised 80% of the mucopolysaccharides excreted in normal human urine. The remaining 20% consisted of approximately equal amounts of chondroitin sulfate B and heparitin sulfate. In Hurler's syndrome the urine contained an excessive amount of chondroitin sulfate B and/or heparitin sulfate but the same amount of chondroitin sulfate A as normal urine. No significant differences from the normal excretion pattern were detected in carriers of this disease.
PLEISTOCENE ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE LEMMING, DICROSTONYX

The collared lemmings, genus Dicrostonyx Gloger, are currently divided into two subgenera. Misothermus Hensel contains a single species, D. hudsonius Pallas, isolated on the tundra of northern and coastal Ungava from all other Dicrostonyx (see fig. 1). The subgenus Dicrostonyx Gloger contains the remaining species of the genus, D. torquatus Pallas of the palaearctic, D. groenlandicus (Traill) of the nearctic, and D. exsul G. M. Allen confined to St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Straits. The torquatus-groenlandicus-exsul species group may be conspecific as intimated by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951, p. 653). It is clear that they are more closely related to one another than to the isolated D. hudsonius. In the absence of any fossil record and interpreting on the basis of modern geographical distribution alone, one might argue that the differentiation of D. hudsonius dated from the Wisconsin glaciation; that as the ice front and its presumed periglacial tundra belt shrank to the north, the eastern segment of the retreating lemming population was cut off by Hudson Bay. The bay eventually cut the Canadian tundra into an eastern and a western component, each with its distinctive form of collared lemming. This does not appear to be the case, however. The inaccuracy of this interpretation is shown by the fossil record. The one record from the North American Pleistocene, fragmentary skulls and mandibles of at least four individuals from Sinkhole no. 4, New Paris, Pennsylvania (Guilday and Doutt, 1961), is that of typical Misothermus (for characters, see Miller, 1898; Hinton, 1926;
The Creation of Sentencing Decisions: Judicial Situated Identities

Judicial sentencing decision research most often examines the legal, defendant, and judicial characteristics that predict incarceration and sentence length decisions. Often ignored are the social worlds of the courtroom and judge in how these relate to sentencing decision processes and outcomes. The general framework of symbolic interactionism, through the theories of expectation states and situated identity, provides a foundation to understand the social processes of sentencing. A self-report survey administered to Wisconsin Circuit Court judges (n = 74) gathered information about these social processes that might be used to predict sentencing patterns. The results strengthen the position that judges’ decisions are not outside of social pressures, and judges develop sentencing decisions that align with the viewpoints of others as well as interpretations of the legal code.
Understanding User Economic Behavior in the City Using Large-scale Geotagged and Crowdsourced Data

The pervasiveness of mobile technologies today have facilitated the creation of massive crowdsourced and geotagged data from individual users in real time and at different locations in the city. Such ubiquitous user-generated data allow us to infer various patterns of human behavior, which help us understand the interactions between humans and cities. In this study, we focus on understanding users economic behavior in the city by examining the economic value from crowdsourced and geotaggged data. Specifically, we extract multiple traffic and human mobility features from publicly available data sources using NLP and geo-mapping techniques, and examine the effects of both static and dynamic features on economic outcome of local businesses. Our study is instantiated on a unique dataset of restaurant bookings from OpenTable for 3,187 restaurants in New York City from November 2013 to March 2014. Our results suggest that foot traffic can increase local popularity and business performance, while mobility and traffic from automobiles may hurt local businesses, especially the well-established chains and high-end restaurants. We also find that on average one more street closure nearby leads to a 4.7% decrease in the probability of a restaurant being fully booked during the dinner peak. Our study demonstrates the potential of how to best make use of the large volumes and diverse sources of crowdsourced and geotagged user-generated data to create matrices to predict local economic demand in a manner that is fast, cheap, accurate, and meaningful.
The Progress of Study on S-phase Technology by Low Temperature Nitriding /Carburizing of Stainless Steel

The diffusion layer of saturation solid solution with nitrogen and carbon,i.c.S-phase layer,is obtained by low temperature nitriding/carburizing for austenite stainless steel,which is not only increases its surface hardness,but also improves its corrosion resistance.In this paper the recent progress on re- search of S-phase layer and application technology is summsrized and the technology characteristics of low temperature plasma nitriding/carburizing,gas low temperature nitriding/carburizing,high temperature ni- triding,solid-solution queching and ion implantation plante are respectively analyzed.The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of S-phase layer are also discussed.The problems in domestic applica- tion of S-phase technology are analyzed,and development prospect of S-phase technology is put forward.
The Neural Control of Musculotendon Lengths and Excursions Is Overdetermined

This chapter introduces the mathematical foundations of the concept of obligatory kinematic correlations among joint angles and musculotendon lengths. As presented in Chap. 4, tendon excursions are overdetermined because the angles and angle changes of the few joints uniquely determine the lengths and excursions, respectively, of all musculotendons. This is the opposite of redundancy: there is a single and unique set of tendon excursions that can satisfy a given limb movement. This begs the question of how the nervous system controls the excursions of all musculotendons so that the limb can move smoothly. Essentially, if for some reason any of the musculotendons undergoing an eccentric contraction fails to lengthen to satisfy the geometric requirements of the joint rotations, at the very least the limb motion will be disrupted, and at worst the limb can lock up. Physiologically, the failure to accommodate the necessary length changes could be due to anatomical interconnections among muscles or tendons, neurally mediated resistance to lengthening due to short- or long-latency reflexes , or spinally- and cortically-mediated commands to the muscles. This chapter lays the foundation for understanding the interactions between muscle coordination and reflex mechanisms necessary for natural movement by providing a mathematical framework for the overdetermined nature of tendon excursions. This is done for the simplified case with no anatomical interconnections among muscles or tendons, but the conclusions and intuition provided reinforce the notion that the neural control of movement for tendon-driven limbs is in fact not as redundant as is currently thought. Recall that, as mentioned in Chap. 4, the term tendon suffices for most mathematical and mechanical analyses as it applies to both robots and vertebrates. When the analysis continues on to consider muscle mechanics and its neural control, I will prefer to use the term musculotendon.
Study on intracellular cytokine in peripheral blood CD3+ T cells of patients with optic neuritis

Objective To investigate the characteristics of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (CKs), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)in the pathogenesis of optic neuritis (ON), and the alteration and interaction between them. Methods By the flow cytometric analysis, a three-colour- immunofluorescent staining of cell surface antigen and intracellular cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in CD3+ T-lymphocytes of 20 patients with ON, other neurological disease (OND) were performed, as well as normal control (NC) . We also compared the difference of number of TNF-α staining T-cells and IFN-γ staining T-cells between the acute and remission stage, before and after methylprednisolone (MP) therapy. Results (1) ON patients in the acute stage had more TNF-αstaining T cells and IFN-γ staining T cells in PB than OND(P0.01) or NC group (P0.01, P0.05). (2) In the acute stage, the number of TNF-α staining T cells was closely related to the number of IFN-γ staining T cells(r=0.608, P0.01). (3) In the acute stage, the number of TNF-α staining T cells of the severe ON patients was significantly higher than that of the mild patients (P0.05). (4) The number of TNF-α staining T cells of patients in remission stage was significantly lower than that of patients in acute stage(P0.01), and was lower than normal control group (P0.05)as well. (5) After MP therapy, the number of TNF-α staining T cells and the number of IFN-γ staining T cells were significantly lower than that before MP therapy(P0.01). Conclusion TNF-α and IFN-γ, the two important pro-inflammatory CKs, may be involved in the immuno-pathologic process of ON. The number of TNF-α staining T cells and the number IFN-γ staining T cells, are useful for monitoring the activity of ON, although they are not specific markers of ON.
Infinite-dimensional Lie Algebras, Representations, Hermitian Duality and the Operators of Stochastic Calculus

We study densely defined unbounded operators acting between different Hilbert spaces. For these, we introduce a notion of symmetric (closable) pairs of operators. The purpose of our paper is to give applications to selected themes at the cross road of operator commutation relations and stochastic calculus. We study a family of representations of the canonical commutation relations (CCR)-algebra (an infinite number of degrees of freedom), which we call admissible. The family of admissible representations includes the Fock-vacuum representation. We show that, to every admissible representation, there is an associated Gaussian stochastic calculus, and we point out that the case of the Fock-vacuum CCR-representation in a natural way yields the operators of Malliavin calculus. We thus get the operators of Malliavin’s calculus of variation from a more algebraic approach than is common. We further obtain explicit and natural formulas, and rules, for the operators of stochastic calculus. Our approach makes use of a notion of symmetric (closable) pairs of operators. The Fock-vacuum representation yields a maximal symmetric pair. This duality viewpoint has the further advantage that issues with unbounded operators and dense domains can be resolved much easier than what is possible with alternative tools. With the use of CCR representation theory, we also obtain, as a byproduct, a number of new results in multi-variable operator theory which we feel are of independent interest.
Measurement of Phenazines in Bacterial Cultures

Certain pseudomonads are capable of producing phenazines—pigmented, reversibly redox-active metabolites that induce a variety of physiological effects on the producing organism as well as others in their vicinity. Environmental conditions and the specific physiological state of cells can dramatically affect the absolute amounts and relative proportions of the various phenazines produced. The method detailed here—high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to detection by UV–Vis absorption—can be used to separate and quantify the amount of phenazines in a Pseudomonas culture. Simple spectrophotometric measurements of filtered culture supernatants can be used to quantify certain oxidized phenazines, such as pyocyanin, in cultures. For cases where the conditions under study are not planktonic cultures (e.g., soil or biofilms) extracting the phenazines may be a necessary first step.
Comparison of 9 intraocular lens power calculation formulas

Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of 9 intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas using 2 optical biometers. Setting Private practice, Saint Joseph, Michigan, USA. Design Retrospective consecutive case series. Methods Nine IOL power formula predictions with observed refractions after cataract surgery were compared using 1 IOL platform. The performance of each formula was ranked for accuracy by machine and by axial length (AL). The Olsen was further divided by a preinstalled version (Olsen OLCR ) and a purchased version (Olsen Standalone ). The Holladay 2 was divided by whether a refraction was entered (Holladay 2 PreSurgRef ) or not (Holladay 2 NoRef ). The OLCR device used in the study was the Lenstar L5 900 and the PCI device, the IOLMaster. Results The formulas were ranked by the standard deviation of the prediction error (optical low-coherence reflectometry [OLCR], partial coherence interferometry [PCI]) as follows: Olsen Standalone (0.361, 0.446), Barrett Universal II (0.365, 0.387), Olsen OLCR (0.378, not applicable), Haigis (0.393, 0.401), T2 (0.397, 0.404), Super Formula (0.403, 0.410), Holladay 2 NoRef (0.404, 0.417), Holladay 1 (0.408, 0.414), Holladay 2 PreSurgRef (0.423, 0.432), Hoffer Q (0.428, 0.432), and SRK/T (0.433, 0.44). Conclusions The formulas gave different results depending on which machine measurements were used. The Olsen formula was the most accurate with OLCR measurements, significantly better than the best formula with PCI measurements. The Olsen was better, regardless of AL. If only PCI measurements (without lens thickness) were available, the Barrett Universal II performed the best and the Olsen formula performed the worst. The preinstalled version of Olsen was not as good as the standalone version. The Holladay 2 formula performed better when the preoperative refraction was excluded. Financial Disclosure Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
The Effect of Social Networking Sites’ Activities on Customers’ Well-Being

With the growing number of customers engaged with social networking sites (SNSs), scholars have started investigating the effects of SNSs’ activities on customers’ well-being perceptions. However, the extant literature has not fully investigated SNSs’ activities that influenced customers’ well-being perceptions when customers shared their hotel experiences. This study explored the effectiveness of the well-being marketing to investigate SNSs’ activities that influenced customers’ psychological needs and impact of a sense of well-being on customers’ brand usage intent, based on self-determination theory in the context of the hotel industry. Results from this study provided theoretical and practical implications on the roles of SNS activities that led to customers’ well-being perceptions.
Support for the reproductive ground plan hypothesis in a solitary bee: links between sucrose response and reproductive status.

In social bees, foraging behaviour is correlated with reproductive status and sucrose sensitivity via endocrine pathways. This association led to the hypothesis that division of labour in social in...
Placebo Analgesia, Nocebo Hyperalgesia, and Acupuncture

Abstract For thousands of years, both acupuncture and placebo (as a therapeutic ritual) have been used in healing. It is only recently that scientists have begun rigorously investigating the efficacy of acupuncture treatment. Recent meta analysis suggests that acupuncture treatment is only moderately more effective than sham treatment on some pain disorders such as osteoarthritis, headache, musculoskeletal and shoulder pain, which suggests that non-specific components are important contributors to the therapeutic benefits of acupuncture treatment. This chapter discusses the challenges involved in acupuncture research, specifically with regard to defining inert (sham) acupuncture treatment in a way that is consistent with ancient traditional acupuncture theory. It then introduces several studies that have been performed in an attempt to investigate the dissociation and interaction between sham and verum (real) acupuncture treatments, and concludes with questions that are essential for acupuncture researchers to address in the future to advance this field.
Repair of a Site-Specific DNA Cleavage: Old-School Lessons for Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing may involve nonhomologous end-joining to create various insertion/deletions (indels) or may employ homologous recombination to modify precisely the target DNA sequence. Our understanding of these processes has been guided by earlier studies using other site-specific endonucleases, both in model organisms such as budding yeast and in mammalian cells. We briefly review what has been gleaned from such studies using the HO and I-SceI endonucleases and how these findings guide current gene editing strategies.
Rosemary and Green Tea Extracts as Natural Antioxidants: Chemistry, Technology, and Applications

Publisher Summary The food and feed industries have long recognized the usefulness of antioxidants for improving the shelf life of various products. Lipid oxidation is one of the most significant quality-deterioration processes in lipid-containing foods and synthetic antioxidants are routinely used to retard the oxidation process. However, some consumers have concerns about the safety of these synthetic antioxidants. Consequently, there is growing interest in using plant-derived natural extracts that exhibit potential antioxidant activity to replace or minimize the use of chemical antioxidants. Consumers now demand clean labels with no artificial ingredients and retailers expect longer shelf lives and more stability and food processors can meet the needs of both groups by using plant-derived natural extracts. Rosemary and green tea extracts are the most important commercially available natural extracts that exhibit antioxidant properties. This chapter discusses the antioxidant mechanisms, processing, and application of rosemary and green tea extracts in foods.
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO THE STANDARD 12 LEAD ECG TO IDENTIFY PEOPLE WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION

Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (ALVD) is present in 2-9% of the population, is associated with reduced longevity and is treatable when found. Inexpensive, reliable, in office screening is not available. The area under the curve (AUC) for a BNP screening blood test is 0.79 to 0.89. We
Subject-Specific Instructional Leadership in K8 Schools: The Supervision of Science in an Era of Reform

Purpose: In U.S. public schools, principals must implement reforms that require instructional leadership across subjects, though little is known about subject-specific supervision. Methods: Through...
FUELS – HYDROGEN STORAGE | Glass Microspheres

Hydrogen storage in hollow glass microspheres is a safe and efficient method that is superior to storage in high-pressure vessels. Hollow glass microspheres are cheap, nontoxic, made from recycled glass, and commercially available in commodity quantities. On a weight basis, the storage capacity is greater than that in other methods, with potential storage capacities of 6–10 wt% for microspheres containing 69 MPa of hydrogen. The combination of high storage capacity with rapid response provided by photoinduced hydrogen diffusion in microspheres containing selected dopants offers good prospects for meeting the requirements for a hydrogen source for transportation and industrial applications.
Positive and Existential Psychological Approaches to the Experience of Meaning in Life

The positive psychology and experimental existential psychology movements have greatly advanced our understanding of the variables that augment and detract from the personal experience of meaning in life. In this chapter, we describe differences in these two perspectives. In our view, experimental existential psychologists have primarily examined variables that contribute to a sense of meaninglessness, whereas positive psychologists often place more emphasis on variables that augment one’s belief that his or her life is meaningful. For each of these perspectives, we further describe variables that relate to the experience of meaninglessness and meaningfulness, respectively. Namely, we argue that a lack of personal freedom, social isolation, and self-alienation are three fundamental threats to meaning that, if experienced, evoke a sense of meaninglessness, whereas personal goals and a grand sense of purpose help augment the feeling that life is meaningful. While we do not suggest that these are the only variables that influence perceptions of meaning, based on current findings in the experimental existential and positive psychology literature, we argue that each of these variables represent fundamental contributors to perceptions of meaning (lessness) in life. Overall, we believe psychologists from both existential and positive psychology perspectives have made great contributions to help us understand the causes and consequences of the experience of meaning in life. This brief chapter represents an initial step to help differentiate these two complimentary perspectives in hopes of generating research ideas for scholars across disciplines.
New Horizons in Lung Transplantation

The quantity and quality of donors continue to limit the number of lung transplants performed every year. Approximately 300 patients expire or are removed from the lung waiting list because they became too sick to transplant. Aggressive donor management, expansion of donor selection criteria, use of donors after circulatory determination of death, and use of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) to screen the unused donor pool for viable organs are some of the strategies that are currently in place to reduce this gap. The purpose of this report is to review the most recent clinical and research publications and to summarize their findings.
Rough Sets: Visually Discerning Neurological Functionality During Thought Processes

The central aim of this paper is to test and illustrate the viability of utilizing Rough Set Theory to visualize neurological events that occur when a human is thinking very intensely to solve a problem or, conversely, solving a trivial problem with little to no effort. Since humans solve complex problems by leveraging synapses from a distributed neural network in the frontal and parietal lobe, which is a difficult portion of the brain to research, it has been a challenge for the neuroscience community to functionally measure how intensely a subject is thinking while trying to solve a problem. Herein, we present our research of optimizing machine intelligence to visually illustrate when members of our cohort experienced misunderstandings and challenges during periods where they read and comprehended short code snippets. This research is a continuation of the authors’ research efforts to use Rough Sets and artificial intelligence to deliver a system that will eventually visually illustrate deception.
State-Level Variation in Vocational Rehabilitation Service Use and Related Outcomes Among Transition-Age Youth on the Autism Spectrum

Employment outcomes for transition-age youth with autism spectrum disorder (TAY-ASD) following Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) services declined between 2002 and 2011; although a few states showed significant progress. We examined inter-state variation in VR service use and outcomes among TAY-ASD in 2014-2016, finding significant differences in the percentage of TAY-ASD who received VR services, entered VR services during secondary school, had timely development of an employment plan, and were employed at VR exit. Inter-state differences remained significant after adjusting for the influence of individual-level demographics and state-level unemployment and fiscal capacity, suggesting other factors influence variation. Future research should monitor whether changes in the VR program, via the 2014 Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, move the needle on VR outcomes for TAY-ASD.
Therapist-parent interactions in PCIT: The importance of coach coding

Therapist coaching (i.e., in vivo feedback) of parent behaviors is a core component of parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT). Coaching allows therapists to teach and reinforce parenting behaviors in the moment that they occur. Until recently, limited research had investigated the types of coaching skills that were associated with improved parent skill development and engagement in treatment. This chapter will review efforts to date to measure and evaluate the role of therapist–parent interactions on PCIT using the Therapist–Parent Interaction Coding System (TPICS). The TPICS measures the types of coaching techniques therapists use (e.g., modeling a skill, praising the parent’s skill use) and the parent behaviors targeted (e.g., behavior descriptions, questions). Coaching techniques are categorized as being directive (i.e., telling a parent what to do) or responsive (i.e., reinforcing a parent’s behavior). Based on the research on therapist–parent interactions, recommendations will be made on how the assessment of therapist behaviors can be used to improve training and supervision in PCIT.
Systems, levels, and structural theory: Waltz’s theory is not a systemic theory (and why that matters for International Relations today):

Most in International Relations today, whatever their view of structural realism, would agree with Robert Jervis that Waltz’s theory is “the most truly systemic of our theories of international pol...
Should Children With Constipation Undergo Blood Lead Level Screening

This study aimed to compare the prevalence of elevated blood lead level in children with constipation to the population prevalence. We reviewed the charts of 441 children who were screened with a blood lead level on presenting to the gastroenterology clinic at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh for evaluation of constipation. The prevalence of blood lead level greater than 5 µg/dL was 1.36% (6/441; 95% confidence interval = 1.23% to 1.49%), which is significantly lower than the 4.01% prevalence in the population reported by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No patients had a blood lead level greater than 10 µg/dL. Age under 5 years old showed an increased odds of lead level greater than 5 µg/dL (odds ratio = 7.5; 95% confidence interval = 1.2 to 47.3, P < .05). We concluded that children seen in the gastroenterology clinic for constipation are unlikely to have an elevated blood lead level on routine screening.
Overcoming disciplinary divides in higher education: the case of agricultural economics

As global problems have become ever more complex, the production and organization of knowledge in society is increasingly based on the sharing, integration and collaboration of diverse experiences. For instance, global ‘grand challenges’, such as world hunger, poverty, climate change, and sustainability often require an interdisciplinary (ID) approach, in which integrating the insights of different disciplines provides a more comprehensive solution than can be offered by any given discipline. Universities or higher educational institutions face increasing pressures to engage in such interdisciplinary collaboration. This interdisciplinarity, however, raises particular organizational challenges to departments in higher educational institutions. In particular, while departments have been traditionally organized around a disciplinary core, interdisciplinarity has placed increasing pressures on departments, such as agricultural economics, to integrate insights from disciplines that do not advance a department’s disciplinary core. Few ID researchers have addressed the issue of how this internal conflict can be resolved in a departmental setting. Resolving this internal conflict is important to developing a greater interdisciplinarity among the disciplines of departmental units where a greater variety of disciplinary insights can be drawn upon to solve complex social problems. Here, we call for a unique organizational structure that can resolve this internal conflict. In using agricultural economics departments as a case study, we appeal to a concept of a “gatekeeper” whose role is to institute “loosely coupled” connections that can reconcile a department’s internal conflicts. This “gatekeeper” can advance the “normal science” of a department’s core and peripheral disciplines, while at the same time support a ‘common ground’ that appeals to these disciplines’ common interests. A key conclusion is that “gatekeepers” can sustain the integration of disciplinary insights necessary for the advancement of interdisciplinarity in higher educational institutions.
MU-ORAM: Dealing with Stealthy Privacy Attacks in Multi-User Data Outsourcing Services.

Outsourcing data to remote storage servers has become more and more popular, but the related security and privacy concerns have also been raised. To protect the pattern in which a user accesses the outsourced data, various oblivious RAM (ORAM) constructions have been designed. However, when existing ORAM designs are extended to support multi-user scenarios, they become vulnerable to stealthy privacy attacks targeted at revealing the data access patterns of innocent users, even if only one curious or compromised user colludes with the storage server. To study the feasibility and costs of overcoming the above limitation, this paper proposes a new ORAM construction called Multi-User ORAM (MU-ORAM), which is resilient to stealthy privacy attacks. The key ideas in the design are (i) introduce a chain of proxies to act as a common interface between users and the storage server, (ii) distribute the shares of the system secrets delicately to the proxies and users, and (iii) enable a user and/or the proxies to collaboratively query and shuffle data. Through extensive security analysis, we quantify the strength of MU-ORAM in protecting the data access patterns of innocent users from attacks, under the assumption that the server, users, and some but not all proxies can be curious but honest, compromised and colluding. Cost analysis has been conducted to quantify the extra overhead incurred by the MU-ORAM design.
Helping Christian College Students Become More Forgiving: An Intervention Study to Promote Forgiveness as Part of a Program to Shape Christian Character

As part of a system-wide university intervention to help build stronger Christian character, an emphasis was placed on helping students become more forgiving. This effort involved chapel programs, ...
A Bipolar DC-DC Converter with Wide Voltage-Gain Range for Energy Storage Integration in Ship Power Systems

Ship Power System (SPS) with medium voltage direct current (MVDC) is attracting widespread interest due to higher reliability and reduced fuel consumption. Energy storage system (ESS) is recognized as being the critical part of the MVDC distribution power system, enabling peak shaving, zero emission operation, and optimal scheduling of generators. In this paper, a bipolar dc-dc converter with wide voltage gain range is proposed for interfacing ESS with DC-bus in SPS. To protect the ESS against rapid discharging due to any short-circuit fault on the DC-bus, a high-frequency transformer is adopted in the proposed topology. Moreover, diode-capacitor circuits are employed in the secondary side to provide a wide voltage gain. The converter takes advantage of active clamp configuration, in terms of limiting the voltage stress of switches and providing soft-switching performance. The extension of the proposed concept for application with multiple loads, detailed analysis of the steady-state operation of the converter, and battery discharge limiting capability are given in this paper. Finally, a simulation in MATLAB/Simulink platform is carried out to validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Precipitous Delivery Masquerading as Biliary Colic in the Setting of Depo-Provera® Failure

Precipitous delivery in the emergency department is a high-acuity, low-occurrence event that requires rapid recognition and interdepartment cooperation to prevent fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition of the peripartum state can be delayed by reported usage of long-acting contraception and concurrent distracting complaints. In this case report, a young female presented to the emergency department with epigastric abdominal pain in the setting of recent workup for biliary colic and multiple doses of long-acting, depot contraceptive agents. Early utilization of bedside ultrasound confirmed a full-term, intrauterine pregnancy as well as an impacted gallbladder stone, followed by a precipitous footling breech presentation that required an emergent cesarean section.
Demonstration of Extensible Threshold-Based Streaming Telemetry for Open DWDM Analytics and Verification

A novel and practical threshold-based extension of streaming telemetry that advances open WDM analytics and introduces network verification, is demonstrated employing an extensible NOS application agent combined with standard NETCONF/YANG and open-source software technologies.
Neutron diffraction study of magnetic ordering in high pressure phases of rare earth metal holmium

Abstract The magnetic ordering in rare earth metals is well established for ambient pressure crystal structures, however, little is known about the magnetic ordering in their corresponding high-pressure crystalline modifications. Holmium (Ho) was studied in a large-volume diamond anvil cell at the Spallation Neutron Source to high-pressure up to 20 GPa and to low-temperature to 10 K. We have conducted two independent high-pressure low-temperature experiments under non-hydrostatic and quasi-hydrostatic pressure conditions respectively. The ambient pressure hexagonal close packed (hcp) phase of holmium shows two magnetic transitions below 10 GPa one to an incommensurate Antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase and another to a conical-Ferromagnetic (c-FM) phase. In contrast, alpha-Samarium-type (α-Sm) phase above 10 GPa and the double hexagonal close packed (dhcp) phase above 19 GPa show only one FM transition marked by the appearance of a magnetic peak at 3 A and the concurrent enhancement of nuclear peaks below 30 K. These new transitions observed by neutron diffraction can be accounted by a commensurate superlattice formation along c-axis in both the α-Sm-type phase and the dhcp phase.
Geriatric Opioid Harm Reduction: Interprofessional Student Learning Outcomes.

Objective: Opioid harm reduction is increasingly important in the care of the older adults, who are at higher risk for negative opioid-related outcomes due to high prevalence of pain, multimorbidit...
Novel therapeutics in hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver malignancy in children less than 5 years of age. The incidence of this cancer is increasing but therapy for hepatoblastoma has not significantly changed and it is primarily managed with combinations of surgery and chemotherapy. Conventional chemotherapy regimens include cisplatin, as it is currently the most effective agent for this tumor. Unfortunately, with the current modalities, the prognosis for advanced-stage disease remains poor due to the high rate of recurrence and/or the development of chemoresistance. As the understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatoblastoma deepens, there is a burgeoning interest in developing novel therapeutic agents for hepatoblastoma, including targeted therapies. In the current review, we discuss the use of major signaling pathways and their effector molecules such as β-catenin, c-MET, mTOR, PIM kinases, and PLK1 as therapeutic targets. In addition, we explore various alternative pre-clinical approaches that have been described in hepatoblastoma, including immunotherapy, differentiation agents, micro-RNAs, and targeted drug delivery. Finally, we outline the therapies currently under investigation in pre-clinical and clinical settings that show promising preliminary results for hepatoblastoma treatment.
Probing fundamental deformation mechanisms and trends during decohesion across random high angle grain boundaries

Abstract The influence of grain boundaries (GBs) on the mechanical behavior and deformation of crystalline materials is well documented. Specifically, intergranular failure within the microstructure often is due to GB fracture or decohesion under load. By analyzing the incipient failure response of individual GBs (e.g., decohesion), as a function of GB character, a more fundamental understanding of microstructure failure can be uncovered. Accordingly, this work leverages atomistic modeling and simulations of GBs in Al to ascertain the governing role of GB character on decohesion behavior. A range of GB characters are studied by using a newly developed GB structure database to develop trends and identify fundamental decohesion behaviors using macroscopic GB descriptors (e.g., energy, misorientation, and excess volume). However, we find that no clear correlations exist between GB decohesion and these descriptors, indicating that the origins of decohesion are missed by GB descriptors that ignore the underlying spectrum of atomic environments that compose a GB. Our results further indicate that GB decohesion behavior may be driven by atomic environments and/or dynamics specific to individual GBs, potentially independent of the macroscopic descriptions of GBs commonly employed for identification and model development.
50 years of Capital Markets Research in Accounting: Achievements So Far and Opportunities Ahead

This paper reviews the literature on Capital Markets research in Accounting over the last 50 years. Rather than trying to be comprehensive, the review focuses on selected areas, and strives to be forward-looking. The first main takeaway is that the literature has made substantial progress, especially on the technical side. The second takeaway is that great opportunities remain, especially in using Big Data, looking more closely into the accrual process, and in issues related to standard setting.
Voters, dictators, and peons: expressive voting and pivotality

Why do the poor vote against redistribution? We examine one explanation experimentally, namely that individuals gain direct expressive utility from voting in accordance with their ideology and understand that they are unlikely to be pivotal; hence, their expressive utility, even if arbitrarily small, determines their voting behavior. In contrast with a basic prediction of this model, we find that the probability of being pivotal does not affect the impact of monetary interest on whether a subject votes for redistribution.
Adnexal surgery at the time of hysterectomy in women 65 years and older undergoing hysterectomy for prolapse: do practice trends differ by route of surgery?

The objective was to determine whether the rate of adnexal surgery varies by route of hysterectomy in women over the age of 65 undergoing hysterectomy for prolapse. We hypothesized that women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy would be less likely to undergo bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) at the time of their hysterectomy for prolapse. This was a cross-sectional analysis using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Our primary outcome was concomitant adnexal surgery performed at the time of hysterectomy, classified into five groups: BSO, unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO), bilateral salpingectomy (BS), other adnexal surgery, and no adnexal surgery. The study sample included women aged 65 years and older who underwent hysterectomy between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2014 and with a diagnosis of genital prolapse. Of the 91,292 patients over the age of 65 who underwent a hysterectomy for prolapse, the majority of hysterectomies were vaginal (69%), followed by abdominal (13%), laparoscopic (11%), and robotic (7%). The number of women having a hysterectomy and undergoing a BSO was much lower for vaginal than for other hysterectomy types; 20.3% of women undergoing vaginal hysterectomies had a BSO, compared with 79.2% in abdominal, 81.8% in laparoscopic, and 73.8% in robotic-assisted procedures. Women who received vaginal hysterectomies were five times as likely (RR: 5.02, 95% CI: 4.70–5.35) to have no concomitant adnexal procedure compared with other routes of hysterectomy. Women over the age of 65 undergoing hysterectomy for prolapse are significantly less likely to have adnexal surgery if undergoing hysterectomy via vaginal route compared with the other routes.