cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microwave magnetoelectric coupling and ferromagnetic resonance frequency tuning of a Co 2 MnSb/GaAs/PZN-PT heterostructure

A systematic study of electric-field-tuned ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of a ferroelectric/ferromagnetic/semiconductor multiferroic heterostructure, consisting of a Co${}_{2}$MnSb epitaxial film grown on a GaAs substrate bonded to a lead zinc niobate--lead titanate crystal, is reported. The films, grown by pulsed laser deposition, were studied for their crystallographic structure, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and magnetostrictive and ferromagnetic resonance properties. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements were carried out at $X$-band frequency under the application of electric fields with external magnetic fields applied along the [110], [100], [$1\overline{1}0$], and [001] directions of the Heusler film. Magnetic anisotropy fields were derived from the angular dependence of FMR measurements, yielding an in-plane fourth-order anisotropy constant ${K}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}150\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ erg/cm${}^{3}$ and a perpendicular second-order anisotropy constant ${K}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=12\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ erg/cm${}^{3}$. A theoretical model, which includes the effects of electric-field tuning, is presented to calculate the tunability of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the multiferroic heterostructure. The multiferroic heterostructure exhibits a frequency tuning of 450 MHz under the application of an electric field of 10 kV cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, corresponding to a magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of 8.8 Oe cm kV${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This work explores the potential of electronically controlled multiferroic devices for use in microwave integrated circuits, while concomitantly establishing the basic theoretical foundation allowing for the calculation of microwave tunability for this and other heterostructures.
Anxiety and dogmatism.

Rokeach (1960) has suggested that dogmatism represents a cognitive network of defenses against anxiety. However, this position has been inadequately and inconsisrently supported (Byrne, Blaylock, & Goldberg, 1966; Fillenbaum & Jackman, 1961; Norman, 1966; Rebhun, 1966; Rokeach & Kemp, 1960; Rokeach & Bonier, 1960; Rokeach, Toch, & Rotunan, 1960; Sticht 8: Fox, 1966). The present study tests the hypothesis that anxiety created by situational threat is positively associated with closed-mindedness. Ss were selected on their availability from two metal industry factories in an upstate New York city. All were long-term employees who were 40 to 58 yr. of age. Nine employees from a factory ceasing local operations and transferring no workers (high-anxiety group) and 10 from a factory not contemplating any reduction in work force (low-anxiety group) completed Form E of the Dogmatism Scale (Rokeach, 1960). The 9 highanxiety Ss' mean Dogmatism Scale scores (M = 143.00) were significantly higher than the 10 low-anxiety Ss' mean scores (M = 129.40; t = 2.17, p < .05), thus supporting the hypothesis.
Light scattering from polydisperse sds micellar solutions

Abstract We present calculations for the mean aggregation number and radius of gyration versus the mean hydrodynamic radius for polydisperse distributions of SDS micelles. We also present new measured values for the hydrodynamic radius. These results carry significant implications for the average number of monomers per micelle and for the micellar shape.
Equation of state of fatty-acid monolayers on water

A model is presented to explain the observed high surface compressibility and low surface prsssure in the liquid-gas critical region of fatty-acid monolayers on water. The molecules are assumed to form tightly bound clumps, and the clumps then act as the basic particles of the gas. With several assumptions, the model is reduced to a three-parameter equation of state. With parameters chosen to give correct critical temperature, area, and surface pressure, the equation approximates the remaining data only qualitatively; but it is a distinct improvement over past theories, and much of the remaining discrepancy can be attributed to the assumptions made.
Ultra-wideband P-3 and CARABAS II foliage attenuation and backscatter analysis

Two-way foliage attenuation measurements from UHF and VHF SAR images collected from several USA forests and an empirical model of two-way attenuation versus center frequency are presented. Comparisons of UHF and VHF clutter backscatter coefficient distributions are made for different forest areas and terrain slopes. UHF two-way attenuation and backscatter coefficient statistics are presented for different polarization channels.
Carbon Dioxide Carbonates in the Earth’s Mantle: Implications to the Deep Carbon Cycle

An increase in the ionic character in C-O bonds at high pressures and temperatures is shown by the chemical/phase transformation diagram of CO{sub 2}. The presence of carbonate carbon dioxide (i-CO{sub 2}) near the Earth's core-mantle boundary condition provides insights into both the deep carbon cycle and the transport of atmospheric CO{sub 2} to anhydrous silicates in the mantle and iron core.
Follow up of prospective validation of an abbreviated bedrest protocol in the management of blunt spleen and liver injury in children

Abstract Objective Current APSA recommendations for blunt spleen/liver injury (BSLI) entail bedrest equal to grade of injury plus one. We reported our experience 3years ago with a prospectively implemented abbreviated protocol, one concern of which was that more numbers would be needed to support the safety of such a protocol. We are now reporting the final experience with this protocol as we move forward with further investigation. Methods Following IRB approval, data were collected prospectively in all patients with BSLI up to 8weeks after discharge. There were no exclusion criteria, and patient accrual was consecutive. Bedrest was restricted to one night for Grade I & II injuries and two nights for Grade≥III. Results Between 11/2006 and 10/2012, 249 patients were admitted with BSLI. Mean age and weight were 10.3±4.8years and 40.1±19.8kg, respectively. Injuries included isolated spleen in 130 (52%), liver only in 107 (43%), and both in 12 (5%). One splenectomy was required for a grade V injury. Transfusions were used in 40 patients (16%), with 28 (11%) due to the injured solid organ. Bedrest for solid organ injury was applicable to 199 patients (80%), for which the mean grade of injury was 2.7±1.0 and mean bedrest was 1.6±0.6days, resulting in 2.5±1.9days of hospitalization. The need for bedrest was the limiting factor for length of stay in 155 patients (62%), for which mean grade of injury was 2.5±1.0 and mean bedrest was 1.6±0.6days, resulting in 1.7±0.8days of hospitalization. There were 4 deaths, 3 from brain injury and 1 from grade V liver injury. There were no patients readmitted for complications of solid organ injury. Conclusions These data further validate that an abbreviated protocol of one night of bedrest for grade I and II injuries and two nights for grade≥III can be safely employed, resulting in dramatic decreases in hospitalization compared to the current APSA recommendations.
Comparisons of model predictions for the total amplitude probability density function with measurements from SAXON FPN

Simulations of the amplitude probability density function of the electromagnetic field backscattered from the ocean surface in the North Sea are compared with measurements at Ka, Ku and X-band taken during the SAXON FPN experiment. Good agreement is found at both 20/spl deg/ and 45/spl deg/ incidence after accounting for hydrodynamic modulation of the short scale waves by the long waves. >
Pathways for Angiotensin II Generation in Intact Human Tissue Evidence From Comparative Pharmacological Interruption of the Renin System

Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that alternative pathways to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) exists for angiotensin II (Ang II) generation in the heart, large arteries, and the kidney. In vitro studies in intact tissues, homogenates, or membrane isolates from the heart and large arteries have repeatedly demonstrated such pathways, but the issue remains unresolved because the approaches used have not made it possible to extrapolate from the in vitro to the in vivo situation. For our in vivo model, we studied young and healthy human volunteers, for the most part white and male; when these subjects achieved balance on a low salt diet to activate the renin system, the response of renal perfusion to pharmacological interruption of the renin system was studied. With this approach, we studied the renal vasodilator response to 3 ACE inhibitors, 2 renin inhibitors, and 2 Ang II antagonists at the top of their respective dose-response relationships. When these studies were initiated, our premise was that a kinin-dependent mechanism contributed to the renal hemodynamic response to ACE inhibition; therefore, the renal vasodilator response to ACE inhibition would exceed the alternatives. To our surprise, both renin inhibitors and both Ang II antagonists that were studied induced a renal vasodilator response of 140 to 150 mL/min/1.73 m2, approximately 50% larger than the maximal renal hemodynamic response to ACE inhibition, which was 90 to 100 mL/min/1.73 m2. In light of the data from in vitro systems, our findings indicate that in the intact human kidney, virtually all Ang II generation is renin-dependent but at least 40% of Ang I is converted to Ang II by pathways other than ACE, presumably a chymase, although other enzyme pathways exist. Preliminary data indicate that the non-ACE pathway may be substantially larger in disease states such as diabetes mellitus. One implication of the studies is that at the tissue level, Ang II antagonists have much greater potential for blocking the renin-angiotensin system than does ACE inhibition-with implications for therapeutics.
Bright fluorescent nanoparticles for developing potential optical imaging contrast agents

Fluorescent cross-linked nanoparticles with variable fluorophore loading amounts, locations, and particle sizes were synthesized from sequential one-pot functionalization/cross-linking of block copolymer micelles with amine-terminated dye and cross-linker molecules, via reductive amination and amidation. The fluorescence quantum yield and brightness of these nanoparticles were evaluated by steady-state and dynamic fluorescence methods. The results demonstrate that the quantum yield and brightness of the fluorescent nanoparticles correlated directly with the number of dyes/nanoparticle and the nanoparticle size. A strategy to increase the fluorescence brightness of nanoparticles with fluorescein and near-infrared dyes is proposed.
Plate-based transfection and culturing technique for genetic manipulation of Plasmodium falciparum

Genetic manipulation of malaria parasites remains an inefficient, time-consuming and resource-intensive process. Presented here is a set of methods for 96-well plate-based transfection and culture that improve the efficiency of genetic manipulation of Plasmodium falciparum. Compared to standard protocols plate-based transfection requires 20-fold less DNA, transient transfection efficiency achieved is approximately seven-fold higher, whilst stable transfection success rate is above 90%. Furthermore the utility of this set of protocols to generate a knockout of the PfRH3 pseudogene, screened by whole-cell PCR, is demonstrated. The methods and tools presented here will facilitate genome-scale genetic manipulation of P. falciparum.
Put Down that Phone and Talk to Me: Understanding the Roles of Mobile Phone Norm Adherence and Similarity in Relationships

This study uses co-orientation theory to examine the impact of mobile phone use on relational quality across three copresent contexts. It investigates the relationship between perceived similarity,...
Signal transduction by G‐proteins, Rho‐kinase and protein phosphatase to smooth muscle and non‐muscle myosin II

We here review mechanisms that can regulate the activity of myosin II, in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells, by modulating the Ca2+ sensitivity of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation. The major mechanism of Ca2+ sensitization of smooth muscle contraction and non-muscle cell motility is through inhibition of the smooth muscle myosin phosphatase (MLCP) that dephosphorylates the RLC in smooth muscle and non-muscle. The active, GTP-bound form of the small GTPase RhoA activates a serine/threonine kinase, Rho-kinase, that phosphorylates the regulatory subunit of MLCP and inhibits phosphatase activity. G-protein-coupled release of arachidonic acid may also contribute to inhibition of MLCP acting, at least in part, through the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway. Protein kinase C(s) activated by phorbol esters and diacylglycerol can also inhibit MLCP by phosphorylating and thereby activating CPI-17, an inhibitor of its catalytic subunit; this mechanism is independent of the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway and plays only a minor, transient role in the G-protein-coupled mechanism of Ca2+ sensitization. Ca2+ sensitization by the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway contributes to the tonic phase of agonist-induced contraction in smooth muscle, and abnormally increased activation of myosin II by this mechanism is thought to play a role in diseases such as high blood pressure and cancer cell metastasis.
Incidence of Suicidality in AIDS and HIV-Positive Patients Attending a Psychiatry Outpatient Program

Current suicidality and many other characteristics were assessed in 183 patients in the various stages of HIV infection who were referred to a specialized HIV-related psychiatric clinic. Intravenous drug use was the most common HIV risk factor. Patients with AIDS had significantly less current suicidal ideation than patients with AIDS-related complex and asymptomatic HIV positivity. The lower suicidality in AIDS patients was independent of age, gender, HIV risk group, and source of referral. Possible explanations of this association include denial, refocusing of life goals in AIDS patients, and psychological changes related to central nervous system impairment.
Neurofibromatosis: A Common Neurocutaneous Disorder

Neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1 (NF-l) is one of the most common of the neurocutaneous conditions, whereas NF type 2 (NF-2) accounts for an extremely small percentage of the total cases of NF. Indeed, most physicians will probably encounter at least one or two patients with NF-1 during the course of their practice. The manifestations can be varied and subtle; thus, the condition can sometimes be difficult to recognize. Nonetheless, the diagnosis of NF-1 is often clinically possible by the time the person is 10 years old. In this article, the diagnostic criteria for the most common types of NF are discussed, the common and some of the serious manifestations of both NF-1 and NF-2 are described, and suggestions for follow-up care are offered. Of importance, physicians must recognize that, although NF-1 and NF-2 share a common name, they are due to mutations in two different genes. Cure is not yet possible; thus, treatment is primarily symptomatic. A multidisciplinary treatment team is often helpful, particularly for patients with complicated problems.
Comparison of models that describe the transport of organic compounds in macroporous soil

Experiments were conducted on an intact soil column to test the suitability of several transport codes in describing the movement of reactive organic compounds through soil containing preferred flow pathways (macropores). The equilibrium-based advection-dispersion model and the nonequilibrium two-region/two-site model were used to describe the elution of a nonretarded tracer ([14C]methanol) and two retarded tracers (trichlorobenzene and tetrachlorobenzene). The advection-dispersion model proved adequate in describing the movement of the nonreactive tracer but it failed to describe the elution of the hydrophobic organics. The organic tracers required the nonequilibrium model to account for their apparent rapid movement. The two-site model, when calibrated to the trichlorobenzene breakthrough data, successfully predicted the elution of tetrachlorobenzene.
Cognitive side effects of myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Comment on Syrjala et al, page [3386][1] The longitudinal, neuropsychological assessment study reported by Syrjala and colleagues suggests that long-term cognitive side effects of myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation may not be as common as previous research has suggested
REIMAGINING THE AFRICAN-ATLANTIC ARCHIVE: METHOD, CONCEPT, EPISTEMOLOGY, ONTOLOGY

For many scholars, the history of Africans in the Atlantic world only becomes visible at the juncture of the history of ‘the slave’. However, the sources upon which most of these studies are based, and the organization of the colonial archive more generally operate as something of a trap, inviting researchers to see how African slaves embraced or manipulated colonial institutions and ideas for their own purposes. This article focuses on methodological and conceptual meta questions that challenge how historians conduct African-Atlantic history, arguing that sources of the African past exist in the Americas, if only we are open to seeing them.
Conferral of Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Function by KIR3DS1 in Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

A flurry of recent reports on the role of activating and inhibitory forms of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in natural killer (NK) cell activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have yielded widely divergent results. The role of the activating NK receptor encoded by the KIR3DS1 allele and its putative ligands, members of the HLA class I Bw4Ile80 cluster, in early HIV-1 disease is controversial. We selected 60 treatment-naive adults for study from the OPTIONS cohort of individuals with early HIV-1 infection in San Francisco. We performed NK cell functional assays measuring gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and CD107a expression by NK cells in the unstimulated state and after stimulation by the major histocompatibility complex class I-deficient 721.221 B-lymphoblastoid cell line. In addition, we measured CD38 expression (a T-cell activation marker) on T and NK cells. Persons who have at least one copy of the KIR3DS1 gene had higher IFN-gamma and CD107a expression in the unstimulated state compared to those who do not possess this gene. After stimulation, both groups experienced a large induction of IFN-gamma and CD107a, with KIR3DS1 carriers achieving a greater amount of IFN-gamma expression. Differences in effector activity correlating with KIR3DS1 were not attributable to joint carriage of HLA Bw4Ile80 and KIR3DS1. We detected a partial but not complete dependence of KIR3DS1 on the members of B*58 supertype (B*57 and B*58) leading to higher NK cell function. Possessing KIR3DS1 was associated with lower expression of CD38 on both CD8(+) T and NK cells and with a loss or weakening of the known strong associations between CD8(+) T-cell expression of CD38 mean fluorescence intensity and the HIV-1 viral load. We observed that possessing KIR3DS1 was associated with higher NK cell effector functions in early HIV-1 disease, despite the absence of HLA Bw4Ile80, a putative ligand of KIR3DS1. Carriage of KIR3DS1 was associated with diminished CD8(+) T-cell activation, as determined by expression of CD38, and a disruption of the traditional relationship between viral load and activation in HIV-1 disease, which may lead to better clinical outcomes for these individuals.
Robust Parallel Preconditioned Power Grid Simulation on GPU With Adaptive Runtime Performance Modeling and Optimization

Leveraging the power of nowadays graphics processing units for robust power grid simulation remains a challenging task. Existing preconditioned iterative methods that require incomplete matrix factorizations cannot be effectively accelerated on graphics processing unit (GPU) due to its limited hardware resource as well as data parallel computing. This paper presents an efficient GPU-based multigrid preconditioning algorithm for robust power grid analysis. By combining the fast geometric multigrid solver with the robust Krylov-subspace iterative solver, power grid DC and transient analysis can be performed efficiently on GPU without loss of accuracy (largest errors <;0.5 mV). Unlike previous GPU-based algorithms that rely on good power grid regularities, the proposed algorithm can be applied for more general power grid structures. Additionally, we also propose an accuracy-aware GPU performance modeling and optimization framework to automatically obtain the best power grid simulation configurations. Experimental results show that the DC and transient analysis on GPU can achieve more than 25X speedups over the best available CPU-based solvers.
A Paraneoplastic Syndrome Characterized by Extremity Swelling with Associated Inflammatory Infiltrate Heralds Aggressive Transformation of Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms to Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Series

There has been a long history of reports describing a variety of paraneoplastic phenomena associated with myelodysplastic syndromes, particularly those with autoimmune manifestations. We report here a series of patients with an antecedent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that underwent aggressive transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In each case, the transformation to AML was preceded by an inflammatory syndrome characterized by unilateral extremity swelling and an associated inflammatory skin infiltrate, as well as other signs of inflammation, including profound hyperferritinemia without evidence of a hemophagocytic syndrome. We suggest that such an inflammatory syndrome may herald aggressive transformation of MDS/MPN to AML. Patients with known MDS/MPN who present with these features may benefit from early bone marrow examination to assess disease status. Early intervention with corticosteroids in select patients may result in improvement or resolution of the symptoms and permit intensive therapy for AML to be delivered.
Neural Network Analysis of Langmuir Probe Data from a Magnetized Plasma

The theory of operation of a Langmuir probe in a magnetic field is incomplete. To overcome this limitation a neural network software model is developed for the automated real-time analysis of probe current-voltage characteristics taken in magnetized plasmas. The results of the network analysis are calibrated against energy analyzers and tested with a large set of experimental data.
Myofibroblasts. I. Paracrine cells important in health and disease.

Myofibroblasts are a unique group of smooth-muscle-like fibroblasts that have a similar appearance and function regardless of their tissue of residence. Through the secretion of inflammatory and an...
Electron-nuclear and electron-electron double resonance spectroscopies show that the primary quinone acceptor QA in reaction centers from photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides remains in the same orientation upon light-induced reduction.

Reaction centers (RCs) from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides R-26 exhibit changes in the recombination kinetics of the charge-separated radical-pair state, P•+ QA•−, composed of the dimeric bacteriochlorophyll donor P and the ubiquinone-10 acceptor QA, depending on whether the RCs are cooled to cryogenic temperatures in the dark or under continuous illumination (Kleinfeld et al. Biochemistry 1984, 23, 5780−5786). Structural changes near redox-active cofactors have been postulated to be responsible for these changes in kinetics and to occur in the course of light-induced oxidation and reduction of the cofactors thereby assuring a high quantum yield. Here we investigated such potential light-induced structural changes, associated with the formation of P•+ QA•−, via pulsed electron−nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) at Q-band (34 GHz) and pulsed electron−electron double resonance (PELDOR) at W-band (95 GHz). Two types of light excitation have been employed for which identical RC sampl...
THE GROWTH CHALLENGE : RAPID GROWTH IN ENTREPRENEURIAL FIRMS

To achieve and sustain rapid growth, a business must make continual progress towards that point in the expansion stnge of a new product or venture's life cycle when the growth rate is highest, business risk begins to decline, competitors are pioneering comparable products or services, and the economic and social value of the product or venture to the business is positive and increasing. Reaching this position is an objective of most new venture managers. This "sweet spot" is a highly desirable place to be in a product life cycle. Getting to the sweet spot and remaining there for as long as possible was the focus of this research. This research explored questions associated with the rapid growth of new ventures through interviews with new venture manage n of successful and emerging businesses. Research questions included: Now that your business is a viable enterprise, what are your key challenges in attaining rapid growth? Has your direction or focus changed since your initial business plan? How? Why? How do you make decisions regarding which opportunities to pursue and which to ignore? What decision models do you use? Analysis of 48 interviews suggests that, after a successful start-up, many new venture managers are less dear about their business's direction rhan they were prestart-up, unable to sustain and build support from their customers and employees, and/or ill-prepared for the challenges of rapid growth (2). Their doer's role needs to shift to that of leader's role. The creativity brought to the business feels as if it is eroding. Confusion and resentment over ambiguous roles, responsibilities, and goals occurs and becomes dysfunctional. Current advice encourages new venture managers to make a transition from an entrepreneurial to a professionally managed firm (1). This advice appears to be premature. It may not be until the sweet spot is reached and growth begins to slow that the sophistication, costs, and temperament of professionally managed firms will be a viable alternative. What new ventute managers indicate that they used during the rapid growth period are dynamic models that stimulate discovery and learning in the rapidly changing environment of their new businesses (2)
Analysis of AFM_1 contamination status in commercial liquid milk in Xiamen

Objective To investigate the contamination status of aflatoxin M1(AFM1) in milk from Xiamen market,and understand the differences of the AFM1contents between different production areas and seasons. Methods Seventy- five milk samples produced in different seasons with different brands were randomly selected from supermarkets and milk order points to detect the AFM1contents by liquid chromatography- triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Results The AFM1content ranged from 0. 0021 μg / kg to 0. 080 μg / kg in the 75 milk samples,lower than the maximum limit(0. 5 μg / kg) of GB 2761- 2011. The difference of the contents of AFM1between different production areas was significant,the AFM1contents were higher in southern areas than those in northern China. The milk with higher detection rates of AFM1were produced in the fourth and the first season. Conclusion The contents of AFM1in milk from Xiamen market were at safe level as a whole,but the potential hazards of AFM1in individual samples could not be ignored. Milk and dairy products production enterprises should make efforts to detect AFM1contents in raw milk,and the detection institutions should also strengthen the continuous monitoring of AFB1in feeds and foods,preventing the pollution from source.
Mechanisms and fitness implications of photomorphogenesis during chromatic acclimation in cyanobacteria

Photosynthetic organisms absorb photons and convert light energy to chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthetic efficiency is tuned in response to the availability of light, carbon dioxide and nutrients to promote maximal levels of carbon fixation, while simultaneously limiting the potential for light-associated damage or phototoxicity. Given the central dependence on light for energy production, photosynthetic organisms possess abilities to tune their growth, development and metabolism to external light cues in the process of photomorphogenesis. Photosynthetic organisms perceive light intensity and distinct wavelengths or colors of light to promote organismal acclimation. Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes that exhibit abilities to alter specific aspects of growth, including photosynthetic pigment composition and morphology, in responses to changes in available wavelengths and intensity of light. This form of photomorphogenesis is known as chromatic acclimation and has been widely studied. Recent insights into the photosensory photoreceptors found in cyanobacteria and developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms initiated by light sensing to affect the changes characteristic of chromatic acclimation are discussed. I consider cyanobacterial responses to light, the broad diversity of photoreceptors encoded by these organisms, specific mechanisms of photomorphogenesis, and associated fitness implications in chromatically acclimating cyanobacteria.
Persistent 3D stabilization for aerial imagery

In this paper, we present a novel 3D stabilization method for aerial imagery. While most existing aerial surveillance applications rely on 2D stabilization, which generates parallax errors in urban scenes, we aim to compensate camera motion perfectly as if the scene had been captured by a static camera. It is not only a better way to visualize events but also a more reliable inputs for higher level surveillance tasks. We tackle this problem by proposing a novel approach which generates accurate long-term dense mapping and handles occlusion robustly. Accurate dense mapping from a given frame to the reference frame is achieved in two steps: 1. Identify and compensate outlier flow from independent moving objects. 2. Accumulate the compensated mapping in two paths to avoid drifting. To handle occlusion regions, we formulate occlusion segmentation as an optimization problem considering both mapping relation and smoothness. Seamless rendering is achieved by gradient guidance of a dynamic background model. We evaluate our method on real-world aerial sequences with more than 100 frames with strong parallax. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art 2D and 3D stabilization approaches both qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, we demonstrate that when using our stabilization result as an input, the number of false detection significantly reduces in an independent moving object detection method, which is widely applied to wide area aerial surveillance applications.
Primary cultures of embryonic cells from the snail Biomphalaria glabrata

Whole egg masses or separated capsules containing trochophore-stage embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata were axenized in dilute hypochlorite with or without antibiotics. Embryos were extracted in snail saline and teased into fragments which were dissociated (generally with trypsin) and seeded into media. Of numerous formulations used, 4 were equally good: 3 are based upon diluted medium 199 or NCTC-135, with additions, and the other was formulated from analyses of hemolymph and published values; 3 are used under 5% CO2 and the other in air. Osmolalities vary from 116 to 220 mOsm/Kg H20. Fetal bovine serum is added to all and appears necessary to sustain cell growth. Cultures were not enhanced by use of collagen coatings, plasma clots, or adult snail extracts. Snail hemolymph is toxic when fresh and ineffective after heat inactivation. Five cell types were seen: fibroblast-like, principally in the first 2 weeks; epithelial-like, sometimes making sheets or monolayers; attenuated contractile muscle cells which sometimes became broad and binucleate; macrophage-like; and hemocytes. Numerous mitotic figures have been observed in aceto-orcein squash preparations, especially after incubation with colcemid. Cultures were usually healthy until terminated up to 6 weeks old.
Speech outcomes after laryngeal cancer management

As our ability to treat laryngeal cancer and prolong the lives of our patients improves, we must place increasing importance on maintaining the best voice possible in every case. Treatment options for laryngeal cancer continue to expand, and it is important that otolaryngologists stay well informed; not only concerning the local control and disease-free survival associated with each new treatment, but also the expected voice result. This article describes the voice and speech outcomes that are associated with various treatments for laryngeal cancer. In addition, comparisons of the expected voice results for different therapeutic modalities are examined.
Recent advances and opportunities for improving diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons causing progressive weakness, and in nearly all cases, death. The diagnosis of ALS is currently limited to physical exam and electrodiagnostic testing, with use of diagnostic testing to exclude ALS mimics. There is growing interest in developing improved biomarkers to make an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of ALS, for use in clinical practice and for recruitment into trials. A number of promising biomarkers have been recently described, including imaging modalities, blood and CSF biomarkers, genetic testing, and electrodiagnostic techniques.Areas covered: This review describes the current diagnostic criteria for ALS and emerging biomarkers showing promise in the diagnosis and tracking of disease progression in ALS. Types of biomarkers and testing modalities reviewed include genetic, electrodiagnostic, imaging, and blood and CSF markers.Expert opinion: ALS currently remains a clini...
Mining for interesting action rules

In this paper, we give a strategy for constructing all action rules from a given information system and show that action rules constructed by system DEAR, cover only a small part of all action rules. Clearly, we are not interested in all action rules as we are not interested in extracting all possible rules from an information system. Classical strategies like See5, LERS, CART, Rosetta, Weka discover rules whose classification part is either the shortest or close to the shortest. This approach basically rules out all other classification rules unless they are surprising rules. In this paper, we introduce the notion of cost of an action rule and define interesting action rules as rules of the smallest cost. We give a strategy showing how interesting action rules can be generated from action rules discovered by system DEAR.
Reducing demand charges and onsite generation variability using behind-the-meter energy storage

Electric utilities in the United States are increasingly employing demand charges and/or real-time pricing. Such directive is bringing potential opportunities in deploying behind-the-meter energy storage (BMES) systems for various grid applications. This study quantifies the techno-economic benefits of BMES in reducing demand charge and smoothing load/generation intermittencies, and determines how those benefits vary with different penetration of onsite photovoltaic. We proposed a two-stage control algorithm, whereby the first stage proactively determines the cost-optimal BMES configuration for reducing peak demands and demand charges and the second stage adaptively compensates intermittent generations and short load spikes that may otherwise increase the demand charges. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through a 24-hours time sweep simulation performed using data from a smart microgrid testbed at Idaho National Laboratory. The simulation results demonstrated that this research provides a simple and effective solution for peak shaving, demand charge reductions, and onsite photovoltaic variability smoothing.
Why Combatting Teachers' Stress is Everyone's Job

ABSTRACTTeacher stressors and the effects of stressors on teachers' decisions to remain in the profession are reviewed in this article. A discussion of what teachers can do to combat their stress and perform their duties for longevity in the classroom includes practical and researched strategies. Teachers cannot be expected to resolve all the issues of their jobs on their own, making support from colleagues and administrators important.
Creating the Innovative Library Culture: Escaping the Iron Cage Through Management Innovation

To survive and thrive in the future, academic libraries must change and adapt to a rapidly evolving external environment. In advocating for a transformation, Stoffle, Allen, Morden, and Maloney (20...
SMFM Special Report: Putting the “M” back in MFM: Reducing racial and ethnic disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality: A call to action

Racial and ethnic disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality rates are an important public health problem in the United States. Because racial and ethnic minorities are expected to comprise more than one-half of the US population by 2050, this issue needs to be addressed urgently. Research suggests that the drivers of health disparities occur at 3 levels: patient, provider, and system. Although we have recognized this issue and identified elements that contribute to it, knowledge must be converted into action to address it. In addition, despite available funding and databases, research directed towards understanding and reducing these disparities is lacking. This document summarizes findings of a workshop convened at the 2016 Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's 36th Annual Pregnancy meeting in Atlanta, GA, to review and make recommendations about immediate actions in clinical care and research that will serve to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality rates in the United States.
Radiation production and absorption in human spacecraft shielding systems under high charge and energy Galactic Cosmic Rays: Material medium, shielding depth, and byproduct aspects

Abstract Deep space missions such as the planned 2025 mission to asteroids require spacecraft shields to protect electronics and humans from adverse effects caused by the space radiation environment, primarily Galactic Cosmic Rays. This paper first reviews the theory on how these rays of charged particles interact with matter, and then presents a simulation for a 500 day Mars flyby mission using a deterministic based computer code. High density polyethylene and aluminum shielding materials at a solar minimum are considered. Plots of effective dose with varying shield depth, charged particle flux, and dose in silicon and human tissue behind shielding are presented.
ECG Findings in Pediatric Patients under the Influence of Marijuana

Background: The effects of marijuana on the cardiac conduction system are ill defined. The purpose of this study is to describe the association between electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and positive urine drug screening (+UDS) for marijuana in the pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted through the electronic medical record from Emergency Department (ED) visits dated 10/13- 11/14 of patients ≤ 18 years of age who tested positive for marijuana exposure by +UDS in the ED. Inclusion criteria included: 1) +UDS for marijuana performed in the ED and 2) electrocardiogram (ECG) performed on same day as +UDS. Each ECG was overread by a pediatric electrophysiologist, blinded to the results of the UDS. Results: There were 174 patients identified in the ED with a +UDS, median age of 15 years (0-18 years); 42% were male. ECG was performed at time of +UDS on 37 (21%) patients. An abnormal ECG finding was identified in 16/37 (43%), of which 15 had a follow-up ECG. Non-specific similar ECG findings were noted on 3/15: 2 ST segment changes and1 early repolarization. Significant differences were noted on ECGs with +UDS in 12/15 patients, including ST segment changes (4), left ventricular hypertrophy (3), first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block (2), and 1 each: atrial fibrillation, right ventricular hypertrophy, and Mobitz type I second-degree AV block. Conclusions: Abnormal ECG findings, including serious conduction and rhythm disturbances, can be identified in pediatric patients under the influence of marijuana. An ECG should be considered on all patients with a positive urine drug screen for marijuana. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.01.004
Abstract 17801: Ultrasound Enhanced Catheter Directed Thrombolysis for Patients With Massive and Submassive Pulmonary Embolism Presenting to the Emergency Department

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) affects 60-70 per 100,000 population. PE can be risk stratified into non massive, sub massive and massive based on clinical presentation and clot burden. Catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) is a current strategy for management of massive PE (Class IIa) and has also been recommended by AHA for patients with submassive PE (Class IIb). Ultrasound enhanced (UE) CDT combines ultrasonic clot destruction with local thrombolysis and has been shown to reduce right ventricular dilation (RVD) and clot burden. Objective: To evaluate the overall effectiveness of UE CDT in the management of massive and submassive PE’s. Methods: A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with massive or submassive PE presenting to the ED between 2010-2016, and treated with UE CDT were included in the study. Demographic data along with complications, mortality rate and echocardiographic findings were abstracted from electronic medical records. The calculated Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) score was used to grade the severity of the PE. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to assess mortality prevalence in the study cohort versus the PESI study cohort. Results: A total of 141 patients were included, with a mean age of 60.2 years (SD ± 16.1), with 46.1 % male and 71.6 % African Americans. The mean length of stay was 8.9 (SD ± 8.3) days with an average mortality across all PESI scores of 10.7% (7.7 – 22.3). This was significantly lower (p=0.0011) when compared to the overall mortality in the PESI Study (23.2%, 19.8-27.0), where standard of care was used (Table). Echocardiography pre (N= 93) and post (N= 139) CDT showed significant improvement with 50 patients exhibiting RVD (95% CI [37.6, 62.4]) pre procedure versus 27 patients (95% CI [17.4, 36.6]) post procedure (p Conclusion: Our data suggests that UE CDT improves the outcomes in patients with higher PESI scores. A prospective case-control study comparing UE CDT with systemic thrombolysis is the next step.
Approximate Controllability for a Class of Abstract Second-Order Functional Evolution Equations

Results providing sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability of a class of second-order abstract functional evolution equations governed by the generator of a strongly continuous cosine family of linear operators, together with nonlocal initial conditions, are developed. This work extends results included in recent work by Naito, Park, Zhou, and others. The abstract theory is then applied to a parabolic partial integrodifferential equation.
Intraneural lipoma of the ulnar nerve: A case report and review of literature

Intraneural lipomas of the peripheral nerve or its cutaneous branches are rare benign tumours. These slow-growing tumours present as asymptomatic swelling, and diagnosis is usually made at the time of exploration. In most cases, these tumours can be enucleated without damage to the nerve fibres.
A Crash Course in DRT

The last chapter introduced a typology of abstract entities in natural language metaphysics. To investigate and analyze the typology further, I need to give a detailed semantics of sentential and verbal nominals. In order to do this, I will introduce the semantic framework, Discourse Representation Theory (DRT), within which the analysis will take place. That is the task of the present chapter. Much of this chapter rehearses material and motivation in DRT that has already surfaced elsewhere. All of this fragment, for instance, is covered in Kamp and Reyle (199+).1 But unlike the top-down analysis of Kamp and Reyle, the analysis and construction procedure of the DR-theoretic structures presented here is bottom up. It describes a program that has been implemented in LISP and PROLOG.2 The principal novel contribution of this chapter is to give a semantics for the bottom up construction procedure that shows the construction process is semantically coherent and gives the right results. This semantics yields insights into the possibility of a compositional treatment of DRT, and it also lays the foundations for the semantic analysis of sentential nominals.
Self-compassion is associated with reduced self-presentation concerns and increased student communication behavior

Abstract Verbal communication can facilitate learning, academic performance, and a sense of belonging when students participate in classroom discussions, asks questions, seek help and speak with their instructors outside of class. Unfortunately, such adaptive communication behaviors are less likely to occur when students fear others' evaluations in group and dyadic settings. Using cross-sectional data from 691 undergraduates, this study investigated whether students' levels of self-compassion (the tendency to be mindful and kind to oneself and to recognize one's common humanity) would be associated with lower fear of evaluation and higher academic communication behavior. Students with higher self-compassion exhibited lower classroom participation avoidance and reported a higher tendency to ask questions, seek help, and speak with their instructors outside the classroom. Additionally, tests of a parallel mediation model revealed the degree to which students feared both negative and positive evaluation from others accounted for the relationship between self-compassion and most of these communication variables. The results suggest that self-compassion may be a source of resilience in students' affective experiences and behaviors related to verbal communication. Experimental research should explore the causal connection between self-compassion and these communication variables to understand if self-compassion practices lead to decreased student communication apprehension and fear of evaluation and increased communication behaviors.