cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neo-Materialist Ecologies and Global Systemic Crises

AbstractLiberal international relations theory largely rests on the assumption that the contemporary international liberal order is robust enough to withstand crises of political authority and/or economic slumps. Yet, this raises a central question: what is a crisis in the deep principles of a global political and economic order? In this essay, I seek to rethink crisis theory in light of prevailing assumptions about the longevity of the contemporary liberal international order. I examine how catalysts of crises can be the effects of non-human actors that intensify or crystalize moments of instability. From global ecological feedback loops, to high-frequency trading and automated factories, the processes of production and distribution increasingly reflect global networks that transcend day-to-day human decisions. Rethinking systemic crisis necessitates understanding the ways in which non-human actants constitute and destabilize larger political assemblages.
Inhibition of brain calcium channels by plasma proteins from anoxic turtles

Recent studies suggest that turtles avoid disturbances in brain ionic regulation during anoxia by reducing the activity of brain calcium and sodium channels. Because glutamate released during anoxia may cause cytotoxic elevations in intracellular calcium, blockade of glutamate-mediated calcium channels may be essential for cellular survival. Elevations in intracellular calcium, measured with the fluorescent dye fura 2, were used to assay glutamate-induced activation of calcium channels in cerebrocortical brain slices from rats and turtles. Fourteen hours of anoxia produced long-lasting reduction in glutamate-mediated calcium flux in the turtle brain. Furthermore, a plasma protein from turtles maintained under anoxic conditions produced blockade of glutamate-mediated calcium flux in cortical brain slices from both turtles and rats. These results suggest that long-lasting modulation of brain calcium channels as well as blockade of calcium channel activity by regulatory proteins may play important roles in reducing transcellular ion fluxes in turtles during anoxia.
The p-Value You Can’t Buy

There is growing frustration with the concept of the p-value. Besides having an ambiguous interpretation, the p-value can be made as small as desired by increasing the sample size, n. The p-value is outdated and does not make sense with big data: Everything becomes statistically significant. The root of the problem with the p-value is in the mean comparison. We argue that statistical uncertainty should be measured on the individual, not the group, level. Consequently, standard deviation (SD), not standard error (SE), error bars should be used to graphically present the data on two groups. We introduce a new measure based on the discrimination of individuals/objects from two groups, and call it the D-value. The D-value can be viewed as the n-of-1 p-value because it is computed in the same way as p while letting n equal 1. We show how the D-value is related to discrimination probability and the area above the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The D-value has a clear interpretation as the proportion of patients who get worse after the treatment, and as such facilitates to weigh up the likelihood of events under different scenarios. [Received January 2015. Revised June 2015.].
Taxonomy and Categorization of Uncertainties in Space Systems with an Application to the Measurement of the Value of Adaptability

Space systems face multiple types of uncertainties from the design phase through production, testing, launch, operation and retirement of the space system that challenge the mission success in multiple dimensions and aspects. Therefore proper identification, classification, categorization and management of uncertainties are necessary in understanding the environment that space systems are embedded and also essential in identifying the adaptable designs, architectures, or solutions. Given the ever increasing dynamic environment of current space systems, sources of uncertainties are considerably diverse and therefore make proper identification and management a crucial part of design and operation of adaptable and Flexible Space Systems. This paper aims on a thorough and holistic taxonomy and categorization of space systems uncertainties for the purpose of keeping track of uncertainties and facilitate their prioritization, management, scenario building and appropriate modeling during the entire life cycle for the purpose of designing Adaptable and Flexible Space Systems. Several major types of uncertainties were organized into five major groups including policy, service performance, organization, technology and market; which are derived from the stakeholders and mapping the space system context. The taxonomy has been defined ensuring completeness and coherency. Then various classification types based on uncertainty dimension, being exogenous or endogenous, level of complexity and other classification types are presented. This research also addresses the peculiarities of the space systems according to their type of mission and customer.
Gender in Middle Range Societies: A Case Study in Casas Grandes Iconography

Gender analyses have provided useful insights into the social organization of the people anthropologists study. Here we demonstrate how Casas Grandes gender roles influenced other aspects of Casas Grandes worldview and social life. Medio period (A.D. 1200–1450) iconography depicts differences between males and females. Gender roles were not only defined by their proximity to males and females but to birds and serpents. Furthermore, Casas Grandes cosmology was based on gender complementarity that combined the productive, reproductive, and ritual activities of men and women within a single system. The development of social differentiation was tied to this system, indicating that gender complementarity and the accumulation of productive and ritual power into a limited group of women and men may have been an important factor in the development of social hierarchies in many Middle Range societies.
Influenza A (H1N1) in Haidian District,Beijing during 2009

Objective To study incidence of2009 influenza A (H1N1) in Haidian District,Beijing to provide evidence for its prevention and control. Methods Epidemiological characteristics of 2009 influenza A ( H1N1) in Haidian District was described and analyzed. Results A total of 34 clusters with 794 cases of influenza A (H1N1) were reported from 32 schools in Haidian District during July to December 2009,with an overall attack rate of 1. 05 percent. Conclusions In Haidian,Beijing 2009 influenza A (H1N1) mainly occurred in cluster at schools,suggesting preventive and control measures for influenza should be focused at schools with strict implementation of all measures to effectively contain its occurrence.
Malnutrition in Hospitalized Children: A Responsibility and Opportunity for Pediatric Hospitalists

Poor nutrition is an underrecognized cause of significant morbidity in hospitalized children.1,2 In addition to presenting with poor nutrition at the time of admission, children often suffer worsening of their nutritional status during the course of a hospitalization,3,4 often due to providers’ underrecognition of ongoing poor intake (see Fig 1). Pediatric hospitalists can and should play a central role in recognizing and treating this common comorbid condition. FIGURE 1 Percentage of BMI decrease ≥0.25 SD during hospitalization in 496 pediatric patients. Subjects were grouped by their Z -score at admission in the hospital. Although highly malnourished children lost the most in terms of BMI, even normally nourished children lost a statistically significant amount of weight during admission. Reprinted from Campanozzi A, Russo M, Catucci A, et al. Hospital-acquired malnutrition in children with mild clinical conditions. Nutrition 2009;25(5):540–547, with permission from Elsevier.3 [medium] In this article we highlight the important issue of malnutrition in hospitalized pediatric patients and propose a general approach to nutritional assessment and supplementation for the pediatric hospitalist. Malnutrition is defined as a state in which a deficiency (or excess) of energy, protein, and other nutrition causes measurable adverse effects on the body and on growth (in children), and may impact clinical outcome.5 The term “nutritional deterioration” has been used to describe significant weight loss in hospitalized children, a precursor to acute malnutrition. Although the term malnutrition includes both overnutrition (obesity) and undernutrition, in this article we focus specifically on undernutrition. Recent studies in developed countries have estimated the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children as 12% to 24%.1,3,5,6 Despite many medical advances over the past 20 years, the prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalized children has not decreased. Malnutrition is known to have detrimental effects …
Distribution of Primitive Polynomials Over GF(2) with Respect to Their Weights

In this paper, we study the distribution of primitive polynomials over \(\textit{GF}(2)\) with respect to their weights and report some interesting empirical results which can help crypto-designers to select suitable primitive polynomials. We carry out an exhaustive study of primitive polynomials over \(\textit{GF}(2)\) for the degrees up to 30 and figure out the cases where this distribution is symmetrically placed about its mean. We then try to address the issue of effect on variability of primitive polynomials restricted to have certain minimum weight. Further, we propose an empirical lower bound on variability of primitive polynomials when the polynomials are restricted to have at least 40 % taps. We also propose a conjecture on the relationship of degree and the most probable weight of randomly generated primitive polynomials.
Basic Cardiac Electrophysiology and Common Drug-induced Arrhythmias

Drugs can be a double-edged sword, providing the benefit of symptom alleviation and disease modification but potentially causing harm from adverse cardiac arrhythmic events. Proarrhythmia is the ability of a drug to cause an arrhythmia, the number one reason for drugs to be withdrawn from the patient. Drug-induced arrhythmias are defined as the production of de novo arrhythmias or aggravation of existing arrhythmias, as a result of previous or concomitant pharmacologic treatment. This review summarizes normal cardiac cell and tissue functioning and provides an overview of drugs that effect cardiac repolarization and the adverse effects of commonly administered antiarrhythmics.
Addressing Adaptation and Learning in the Context of Model Predictive Control With Moving-Horizon Estimation

This chapter considers the estimation and control of systems with parametric uncertainty. An approach that combines moving-horizon estimation and model predictive control into a single min-max optimization is employed to estimate past and current values of the state, compute a sequence of optimal future control inputs, predict future values of the state, and estimate current values of uncertain parameters. This is done by inclusion of the state, inputs, and uncertain parameters as optimization variables. Learning the true values of the uncertain parameters requires a sufficiently large number of past measurements and that the system is persistently excited. The true values of the uncertain parameters may change over time, and the optimization computes future control inputs that adapt to changing estimates of the uncertain parameters so as to better control the uncertain system. Several linear and nonlinear examples with parametric uncertainty are discussed and effectively controlled with this combined moving-horizon estimation and model predictive control approach.
Heterogeneity of Endothelial Sheet Migration: Role in Angiogenic Plasticity.

Abstract The vascular system is a complex network of conduit and microvascular vessels exposed to different microenvironments that imprints unique phenotypic traits on individual endothelial cell populations. Endothelial cells in fully differentiated blood vessels in adult tissues have a quiescent phenotype characterized by an increased resistance to proliferate, migrate or undergo apoptosis. The intrinsic capacity of endothelial cells to switch from a quiescent to angiogenic phenotype however plays an important role in wound healing, several vascular proliferative disorders and tumor angiogenesis. Endothelial cells revert to an angiogenic phenotype as isolated cells in culture nonetheless they are contact inhibited at confluence reflecting their in vivo phenotype in the endothelium. In this study, we used time-lapse video microscopy to study early events in endothelial sheet migration in confluent monolayers of primary endothelial cells derived from conduit (PAECs) and microvascular (PMVECs) blood vessels. Recordings were made in a live cell chamber and were restricted to six hours to minimize the effect of proliferation on sheet migration. PMVECs at the wound edge were significantly highly spread and squamous in appearance compared to PAECs, which had a distinctly more cuboidal morphology. Majority (>95%) of PMVECs at the wound edge produced extensive lamellipodia based on morphology and dynamics that measured 25 μm ± 4 μm. By contrast, PAECs formed significantly smaller lamelipodia which extended by 8 μm ± 4 μm. On average PMVEC sheets migrated at a speed of 12.5 μm per hour covering a total distance of 75 μm ± 15 μm (n=6). Sheet migration rate in PMVECs was 3-fold faster than in PAECs (3.8 μm per hour), which covered a total distance of 23 μm ± 10 μm in the same time period. To unravel the molecular basis for this functional diversity, gene micro array analysis was performed. We identified unique transcriptional profiles for cell-cell adhesion molecules, integrins and disintegrin-metalloproteases each with a distinct role in collective cell migration. In particular, integrin alpha 7, which is a major regulator of lamellipodia formation was found to be 20-fold more abundant in PMVECs than in PAECs. This study provides molecular and functional evidence for heterogeneity of endothelial sheet migration. This central finding highlights variability in angiogenic plasticity in fully differentiated endothelial cells, which may have important ramifications for anti-angiogenesis therapy.
Recruitment of Employees in Academic Libraries: Advice from the HR Perspective

Top performing competitive organizations, including Academic Libraries have a number of traits in common. Among these is a “library culture” that empowers people and gives them the freedom to make decisions and act; establish strong, meaningful values; supports and develops a shared identify and sense of community. The Academic Library that includes these traits will attract exceptional people with an attitude of accomplishment who fit the culture. These individuals are engaged and involved in the workforce and help create a safe and secure environment that allows people to do their best work. The first step in either becoming a top performing, competitive organization or to remain one is to review and update the recruiting and hiring practices. Academic Libraries are no exception as they struggle to compete in today’s ever changing market place. Many libraries are losing their top candidates and limiting their ability to become innovative, trend-setting organizations. Traditionally conservative and risk averse in their hiring practices, many Academic Libraries keep positions open for long periods losing top candidates and limiting the quality of their internal talent. To remain, or become, competitive, Academic Libraries need to look internally to their own organizational lethargy to reassess and improve their recruitment structures. Because Academic Libraries are part of the larger college or university environment they need to understand the role of the central Human Resource (HR) function in institutional recruitment and create opportunities to have more control over library recruitment. HR needs to be an ally not a hindrance in this process. Academic Libraries must also look externally to embrace new technologies and innovative recruitment concepts from other industries and modern human resource management to identify and attract the candidates that improve their operation.
A principal–agent problem with heterogeneous demand distributions for a carbon capture and storage system

Abstract Mechanism design problems optimize contract offerings from a principal to different types of agents who have private information about their demands for a product or a service. We study the implications of uncertainty in agents’ demands on the principal’s contracts. Specifically, we consider the setting where agents’ demands follow heterogeneous distributions and the principal offers a menu of contracts stipulating quantities and transfer payments for each demand distribution. We present analytical solutions for the special case when there are two distributions each taking two discrete values, as well as a method for deriving analytical solutions from numerical solutions. We describe one application of the model in carbon capture and storage systems to demonstrate various types of optimal solutions and to obtain managerial insights.
A Case of Oxalate Nephropathy: When a Single Cause Is Not Crystal Clear.

Hyperoxaluria can result in oxalate nephropathy with intratubular calcium oxalate crystallization and acute tubular injury. Primary inherited enzymatic deficiency or secondary causes such as excessive dietary intake, enteric increased absorption, or high doses of vitamin C, which is metabolized to oxalate, may underlie hyperoxaluria and oxalate nephropathy. We report a case of acute kidney injury due to oxalate nephropathy in a patient using chelating therapy with oral ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), intravenous supplementation with vitamin C, and chronic diarrhea and discuss the potential kidney damage these factors can cause in particular settings. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting an association between oral EDTA and oxalate nephropathy.
Programmed DNA Rearrangement of A Hydrogenase Gene During Anabaena Heterocyst Development

Anabaena PCC 7120 heterocysts undergo at least three programmed DNA rear-rangements that affect the nitrogen-fixation genes nifD and fdxN, and the uptake hydrogenase gene hupL RT-PCR showed that hupL is expressed only after heterocysts have formed. An open reading frame that encodes a product similar to hupS or hupU is upstream of hupL. A 10.5-kb DNA element interrupts the hupL open reading frame and is excised during heterocyst differentiation. Correct expression of the presumed hupSL operon requires both transcriptional regulation and excision of the element. The hupL element encodes its own site-specific recombinase, XisC, which is 46% identical to the predicted XisA recombinase present on the PCC 7120 nifD element. The XisA and XisC proteins show sequence similarity to the catalytic domains of the integrase family of site-specific recombinases and contain the absolutely conserved catalytic Tyr residue. However, the Anabaena recombinases represent a distinct subset of the integrase family.
The Social Life of Okinawan Corals

In Japan, degradation of the nation’s southwestern coral reefs has been identified as a pressing environmental problem, and corals have been transformed into valuable commodities for conservation. This research analyzes the emergence of “restoration corals”—corals produced for ecological restoration—in Okinawa. Individuals briefly own these corals before they relinquish them to the coral reef, and the corals resume their lives as indistinguishable pieces of the sea. Following Kopytoff (1986), I examine the production, exchange, consumption, and de-commodification of this conservation commodity. I find that the social life of coralline commodities is not unilinear, nor is its outcome certain. As they plant their coral fragments, purchasers link them to existing religious and cultural practices and recreate corals as sites for altruism, memorialization, and divine communication. Restoration corals, in the hands of local amateur ecologists, become a way to simultaneously democratize knowledge of the sea and contest prevalent techno-scientific conservation approaches.
Ex Uno Plura: Differential Labeling of Phospholipid Biosynthetic Pathways with a Single Bioorthogonal Alcohol.

Imaging approaches that track biological molecules within cells are essential tools in modern biochemistry. Lipids are particularly challenging to visualize, as they are not directly genetically encoded. Phospholipids, the most abundant subgroup of lipids, are structurally diverse and accomplish many cellular functions, acting as major structural components of membranes and as signaling molecules that regulate cell growth, division, apoptosis, cytoskeletal dynamics, and numerous other physiological processes. Cells regulate the abundance, and therefore bioactivity, of phospholipids by modulating the activities of their biosynthetic enzymes. Thus, techniques that enable monitoring of flux through individual lipid biosynthetic pathways can provide key functional information. For example, the choline analogue propargylcholine (ProCho) can report on de novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine by conversion to an alkynyl lipid that can be imaged following click chemistry tagging with an azido fluorophore. We r...
A built-in test methodology for VLSI data paths

A methodology is proposed for the design of go/no go built-in test for data paths in VLSI circuits. The results of a design study dealing with tradeoffs between testing time, device count overhead, and testability features are presented.
Silicon Surface Tethered Polymer as Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interface

We have developed a proof of concept electrode design to covalently graft poly(methyl methacrylate) brushes directly to silicon thin film electrodes via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. This polymer layer acts as a stable artificial solid electrolyte interface that enables surface passivation despite large volume changes during cycling. Thin polymer layers (75 nm) improve average first cycle coulombic efficiency from 62.4% in bare silicon electrodes to 76.3%. Average first cycle reversible capacity was improved from 3157 to 3935 mAh g−1, and average irreversible capacity was reduced from 2011 to 1020 mAh g−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy performed on silicon electrodes showed that resistance from solid electrolyte interface formation increased from 79 to 1508 Ω in untreated silicon thin films over 26 cycles, while resistance growth was lower – from 98 to 498 Ω – in silicon films functionalized with PMMA brushes. The lower increase suggests enhanced surface passivation and lower electrolyte degradation. This work provides a pathway to develop artificial solid electrolyte interfaces synthesized under controlled reaction conditions.
Introducing a Design Framework for a Multi-Modal Public Transportation System, Focusing on Mixed-Fleet Bike-Sharing Systems

Bike-sharing is increasingly becoming more popular. Electric bikes as an emerging transportation technology have extended range and are less physically demanding, compared with regular bicycles, th...
13% CdS/CdTe Solar Cell Using a Nanocomposite $(\mathrm{CuS})_{x}(\mathrm{ZnS})_{1-x}$ Thin Film Hole Transport Layer

We report the properties of the earth-abundant p-type transparent conducting nanocomposite thin film (CuS)x (ZnS)1-x, deposited by chemical bath deposition. Our films of 55 nm thickness show transparency > 65% over the visible region, and compact grains of size < 10 nm. We investigate the photovoltaic performance of CdTe solar cells using (CuS)x(ZnS)1-x as a back-contact interface layer. Our best device exhibits a FF value of 73 %, $Voc$ of 816 mV, and efficiency of 13.0 % when using a nanocomposite p-type transparent conductor based on Cu, Zn, and S as an interface layer before the back-contact metallization layer.
Strain and damage sensing at the mesoscale in energetic materials in response to localized thermal loads

Plastic bonded explosives (PBXs), consisting of high energy density energetic crystals in a polymer binder, are a class of energetic materials which have been widely studied in regards to their shock and ignition response. Of increasing interest is the response of such energetic materials to non-shock mechanical insults, e.g. accidental drop and dynamic/vibration loads in transport, which have been observed to produce localized damage and thermal loading due to the formation of hot spots. In some cases, the formation of these hot spots can lead to sufficient levels of localized heating capable of sustaining chemical reactions and transitioning to detonation. While there are several proposed mechanisms which could drive the formation of hot spots, the primary driver(s) for sustaining the chemical reaction and triggering detonation are not well understood. This is in part due to the difficulty in experimentally characterizing the distribution and interaction of hot spots at the mesoscale, given the small length and time scales over which they exist. Recently, Seidel and co-workers have explored the application of the distribution of carbon nanotubes within the binder phase of energetic materials as a means of introducing a significant piezoresistive response within the energetic material. Doing this can provide a means for strain and damage sensing at the mesoscale. While initial fabrication and testing of ammonium perchlorate and sugar-mock PDMS- and epoxy-binder energetic materials have provided initial proof-of-concept demonstrations of strain and damage sensing, successful application towards locating and characterizing damage and hot spots requires greater understanding of the piezoresistive network at the mesoscale, and how it responds to localized heating. In this work, a mesoscale model corresponding to a representative volume element of an energetic material having a piezoresistive carbon nanotube nanocomposite binder is developed and subjected to localized heating. An electro-thermo-mechanical peridynamics formulation is developed which includes the generation of heat energy due to fracture and friction, and is applied to assess the differences between strain and damage sensing. Efforts are also made to assess the response of the mesoscale sensing network to localized heating and damage due to the presence of and interactions between increasing amounts of prescribed hot spots. Initial modeling results from these simulations reveal that the distribution of localized heating (leading to interactions between heat sources) and heating rate are strong indicators of whether or not such thermally induced damage will propagate beyond its local origin.
Preservice Teacher Experiences Implementing Classroom Management Practices through Mixed-Reality Simulations.

The effects of mixed-reality teaching experiences on participants’ perceptions of their classroom management ability are evaluated using a mixed-methods design. Mursion, a technology that enables v...
Teacher Identification of Superior Students.

The need for a more structured approach to teacher judgment in the screening and identification of superior students is discussed, and a systematic procedure for constructing and using an instrumen...
How Medical Educators Can Foster Equity and Inclusion in Their Teaching: A Faculty Development Workshop Series.

Problem Diversity, equity, and inclusion are increasingly highlighted in medical education, but bias continues to disproportionately impact learners from racial and ethnic groups traditionally underrepresented in medicine. Many faculty struggle to engage with these concepts in their teaching and fear making mistakes, but few opportunities exist for faculty to develop their skills. Approach To advance the goal of fostering an equitable educational environment, the authors envisioned a series of faculty development workshops to cultivate faculty skills and comfort with incorporating equity and inclusion in their teaching, assessment, and curriculum development work. The authors conducted a needs assessment and followed Kern's 6-step process for curriculum development to build the workshop series. Outcomes Using local resources and expertise, the authors built a workshop series that culminated in a certificate in Teaching for Equity and Inclusion. The development process took 24 months; 22 faculty volunteered to design and teach 7 new workshops. Initial workshop offerings have reached 101 participants, and 120 faculty members have enrolled in the certificate. The workshops have been well received and are rated on par with or more highly than other faculty development offerings at the University of California, San Francisco. Next steps Future directions include assessing the impact of the certificate on participants and workshop faculty, creating opportunities for workshop faculty to share best practices, and exploring alternative models for participation. The authors' experience demonstrates the feasibility of creating a self-sustaining program that will advance faculty competence in the critical areas of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Mentor Identification, Selection, Preparation, and Development: A Literature Review:

The purpose of this literature review was to examine education research on mentor identification, selection, preparation, and ongoing development. I organized the review in three main sections: (a)...
On the limit behavior of metrics in the continuity method for the Kähler–Einstein problem on a toric Fano manifold

This work is a continuation of the author’s previous paper [Greatest lower bounds on the Ricci curvature of toric Fano manifolds, Adv. Math. 226 (2011), 4921–4932]. On any toric Fano manifold, we discuss the behavior of the limit metric of a sequence of metrics which are solutions to a continuity family of complex Monge–Ampere equations in the Kahler–Einstein problem. We show that the limit metric satisfies a singular complex Monge–Ampere equation. This gives a conic-type singularity for the limit metric. Information on conic-type singularities can be read off from the geometry of the moment polytope.
The self-similar stratified inner-shelf response to transient rip-current-induced mixing

The stratified inner-shelf response to surf-zone-generated transient rip currents (TRC) is examined using idealized simulations with uniform initial thermal stratification .
Varying temporal placement during CS of an added stimulus correlated with non-delivery of UCS.

This experiment extends Pavlov’s method of contrasts for training a stimulus discrimination to the case of the cardiac conditional response in the rhesus monkey. It explores the parameter of temporal placement of an additional stimulus (“CS2”) within a 10-sec CS (or “CS1”), with the appearance of the former stimulus on any trial signalling the absence of UCS (electric shock) on that trial. This experimental paradigm is a parallel to that of the “intruded stimulus” studies in operant conditioning. In both cases, several ways of describing the function of the added stimulus are possible, but all seem reducible to the same operational terms. Data were taken in the present study with respect to the form and latency of the cardiac rate changes produced by intrusion of CS2 (light), across a range of placements varying from simultaneity with CS1 (a different light) onset to two sec before UCS would have been delivered. The control of CS2 over the cardiac rate CR was occasionally exhibited with a latency as short as three beats after stimulus onset. The order of CS2 temporal placements to which a subject was exposed was a factor in determining the form of the conditioned cardiac rate response to CS1.
Artist Management for the Music Business

Allen prepares you for the realities of successfully directing the careers of talented performers in the high-risk, high-reward music business. You will learn to prepare yourself for a career in artist management - and then learn the tools to coach, lead, organize time, manage finances, market an artist, and carve out a successful career path for both yourself and your clients. The book features profiles of artist managers, an exclusive and detailed template for an artist career plan, and samples of major contract sections for artist management and record deals. Updated information including a directory of artist management companies is available at the book's companion website. A peer reviewer for "Artist Management for the Music Business" proclaimed 'this is going to be an excellent text. It contains many unique insights and lots of valuable information'. This is essential reading for managers, students, and artists in the music business. This title features: key industry insight for both new and experienced artist managers; exclusive planning and management tools; and, successful career strategies for managers and the artists they manage.
Costs of Regulation

When engineers work in fields regulated by the general, federal government, they favor regulations for scientific or technical reasons. Since regulations are frequently derived from risk analyses, it would be valuable to society if engineers understood the total effect of regulatory costs on the general populace before lobbying for more regulation and public expenditures. The purpose of this section is to suggest within the context of engineering economics a broader perspective on the costs of regulation .
Phosphate-Mediated Water Uptake, Swelling, and Functionality of the Myofibril Architecture

Phosphates are important functional ingredients in processed muscle foods due to their strong activity in immobilizing water in cooked products. To elucidate the role of the myofibrils in phosphate-induced water absorption in muscle and functionality of the extracted proteins, a series of studies have been conducted. The results indicate that the kinetics of water uptake by meat during marination depend greatly on the type of phosphates, and that the ability to facilitate water entry by phosphates follows the order of: pyrophosphate z tripolyphosphate > hexametaphosphate > orthophosphate. The enhanced hydration power in phosphate-treated meat is attributed to the remarkable swelling of the myofibril architecture and the extraction of actomyosin. The effect of phosphates on the functionality of myofibrillar proteins is influenced by the ionic strength: both pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate facilitate the gelation of myofibrillar proteins in 0.3-0.4 M NaC1, but decrease gel strength at above 0.5 M NaC1, while hexametaphosphate either promotes or has little effect on protein gelation. The functionality changes are attributed to the phosphate-mediated alterations in protein stability and the aggregation pattern
Desiring Diversity and Backlash: White Property Rights in Higher Education

In this theoretical essay, I argue that the current incidences of backlash to diversity are best understood as a dynamic of complicated, historic and intertwined desires for racial diversity and white entitlement to property. I frame this argument in the theories of critical race theory and settler colonialism, each of which provide necessary but incomplete analytic tools for understanding systemic racism and property rights. Situating universities and colleges as white settler property established on seizure contextualizes both the ways in which the desire for diversity is connected to white supremacy and leads to subsequent backlash to the presence of people of color, particularly those in positions of authority. I close with a discussion of the tension between property rights and potential cultural transformation.
Biometric Security and Privacy Using Smart Identity Management and Interoperability: Validation and Vulnerabilities of Various Techniques

The central position of this article is that validation and interoperability are paramount for the effective and ethical use of biometrics. Illuminating the relevance for policymakers of the science underlying the security and privacy aspects of biometrics, this article calls for adequate and enforceable performance metrics that can be independently corroborated. Accordingly, the article considers biometrics and forensics for the dual challenges of addressing security and privacy using smart identity management. The discussion revolves around the concepts of “personally identifiable information” (PII) and interoperability with emphasis on quantitative performance analysis and validation for uncontrolled operational settings, variable demographics, and distributed and federated operations. Validation metrics includes expected rates of identification/misidentification, precision, and recall. The complementary concepts of identity and anonymity are addressed in terms of expected performance, functionality, law and ethics, forensics, and statistical learning. Biometrics encompasses appearance, behavior, and cognitive state or intent. Modes of deployment and performance evaluation for biometrics are detailed, with operational and adversarial challenges for both security and privacy described in terms of trustworthiness, vulnerabilities, functional creep, and feasibility of safeguards. The article underscores how lack of interoperability is mostly due to overfitting and tuning to well-controlled settings, so that validation merely confirms “teaching to the test” rather than preparation for real-world deployment. Most important for validation is reproducibility of results including full information on the experimental design used, that forensic exclusion is allowed, and that scientific methods for performance evaluation are followed. The article concludes with expected developments regarding technology use and advancements that bear on security and privacy, including data streams and video, de-anonymization and reidentification, social media analytics and cyber security, and smart camera networks and surveillance.
Annual carbon dioxide drawdown and the Northern Annular Mode

[1] Year-to-year variations in summer drawdown of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are compared with corresponding year-to-year variations in sea-level pressure (SLP), surface air temperature, and the productivity of land vegetation as inferred from the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Annual values of CO2 drawdown for the years 1980–2000 are estimated from smoothed time series derived directly from individual flask samples at the nine Northern Hemisphere monitoring stations with the most continuous records. The leading principal component of the nine standardized drawdown time series, in which all stations exhibit positive loadings, is used to represent the hemispheric signal in the CO2 drawdown. Linear regression analysis is used to infer the spatial patterns of anomalies in sea-level pressure, surface air temperature, and the NDVI observed during various seasons of years in which the drawdown is anomalously strong. Winters preceding anomalously high drawdown seasons exhibit patterns characteristic of the high index of the Northern Annular Mode (NAM). SLP tends to be anomalously low over the Arctic and high over midlatitudes, and Eurasia tends to be anomalously warm. The pattern of the NDVI observed during the early months of the growing season in years with anomalously high drawdown is indicative of high productivity over Eurasia. These results support the notion that the wintertime NAM influences the annual drawdown of CO2 by modulating winter temperatures that, in turn, affect the productivity of the terrestrial biosphere during the subsequent growing season.
Colonial and Post-Colonial Geographies of India: Saraswati Raju, M. Satish Kumar, and Stuart Corbridge, eds. New Delhi: Sage, 2006. 368 pp., maps, diagrams, photos, notes, and index. $68.95 cloth (ISBN 0-7619-3436-7)

One does not need to know much about India to be aware that it is diverse, often chaotic, and perhaps even “a functioning anarchy” (in the words of John Kenneth Galbraith, distinguished economist a...
Hydrodynamics and Nonlocal Conductivities in Vortex States

A hydrodynamical description for vortex states in type II superconductors with no pinning is presented based on the time-dependent GL equation, and the nonlocal conductivities are examined in terms of Kubo formula. Typically, the nonlocal conductivities deviate from the usual vortex flow expressions as the nonlocality parallel to the field becomes weaker than that perpendicular to the field associated with the freezing to the vortex lattice, and, for instance, the dc Hall conductivity nonlocal only in directions perpendicular to the field becomes zero in the vortex lattice due to its infinite shear viscosity. Various situations are discussed on the basis of the resulting expressions.
Agreement between upper respiratory diagnoses from self-report questionnaires and medical records in an occupational health setting.

Background The Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program (FDNY-WTCHP) monitors and treats WTC-related illnesses through regular physical exams, self-administered health questionnaires and treatment visits, as indicated. Methods We measured positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of self-reported diagnoses of GERD and rhinosinusitis from the health questionnaires in relation to FDNY physician diagnoses from the medical record. Results Self-reported GERD had PPV and NPV of 54.0% and 95.7%, respectively; for rhinosinusitis, the PPV and NPV were 48.2% and 91.9%. These characteristics improved considerably (PPV 78.0% GERD and PPV 76.5% rhinosinusitis) in a subpopulation receiving medications from the FDNY-WTCHP. Conclusion The PPV of self-reported diagnoses demonstrates only modest value in predicting physician diagnoses, although high NPVs suggest benefit in ruling out disease. In subgroups selected for their higher disease prevalence, self-reported diagnoses may be considerably more useful. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1181–1187, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of a t-fault TDA-diagnosable multiprocessor system

Algorithms are defined for the design of a t-fault TDA-diagnosable multiprocessor system. Such a system is tolerant to a maximum of t faulty processors, and these t faults can be correctly and automatically diagnosed by a hardware device called a testable diagnosis array (TDA). This TDA is a simple cellular array built of combinational logic. This setup provides the system with a capability to carry out self-diagnosis, and possible reconfiguration afterwards, in a noncomplex manner. It is noted that the proposed algorithms can be easily incorporated into the front end of an automated design tool for a general multiprocessor system. An example of the proposed approach is given. >
Free radical polymerization with long chain branching: continuous polymerization of vinyl acetate in t-butanol

Vinyl acetate was polymerized in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) at 60°C in t-butanol solution. Mean residence times ranged from 1.35 to 7.2 hr; steady state conversions ranged from 15 to 61%. Molecular weights Mn and Mw were measured and interpreted in terms of a kinetic model developed from batch studies and the state of local mixing in the reactor. Good macroscopic mixing was confirmed by tracer studies and measurements of conversion vs time during the start-up period and at steady state. The molecular weights obtained at high conversions agreed more closely with predictions based upon a locally segregated state than with those based on complete molecular mixing. However, calculations based on agitation and diffusion rates raised serious questions about the validity of the segregation model for this polymerization. Other factors, some chemical and some related to the agitation, may be important, but the problem of predicting molecular structure remains unresolved.
A Difficult Balance — Pain Management, Drug Safety, and the FDA

Dr. Janet Woodcock describes the FDA's ongoing effort to strike the right balance between two important goals: providing access to pain medications for those who need them and managing the variety of risks posed by analgesic drugs.
The metabolic response to treadmill graded exercise: Traditional vs. underwater

The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic effect(s) of four graded exercise tests (GXT) performed on the underwater treadmill (UWT), and compare them to the results from performing the standard Bruce protocol on a traditional land treadmill (LT). Twelve male Division I college athletes performed the stand Bruce protocol on a LT and 4 different GXT protocols on the UWT. Each test was performed to volitional max. oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and blood lactate (BL), which were measured at regular intervals throughout each of the GXTs. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to determine any main effect among the variables within the protocols and within the stages. Established effects were identified further using Tukey's post-hoc analysis. VO2 and HR were positively correlated in all the GXTs, (r=0.992−0.999). When comparing the UWT GXTs to the Bruce, significant (P≤0.001) differences were found within certain stages for each of the depen...
Midterm Outcomes in Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis Demonstrate the Superiority of Multisinus Aortoplasty

Background Surgical techniques for repair of supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) include McGoon's one-patch, Doty's two-patch, and Brom's three-patch method. In this review we evaluated mid-term clinical outcomes of these techniques at our institution. Methods Our cardiac surgery database identified patients with SVAS repair from 1990 to 2008. Follow-up records, reintervention and reoperation data, and most recent echocardiograms were obtained. Results From 1990 to 2008, 20 patients (70% male) underwent surgery for SVAS. Mean age was 3.6 ± 5.6 years. In chronological sequence, 8 patients had single-patch aortoplasty, 4 had the Doty procedure, and 8 received Brom's symmetric three-patch aortoplasty. Of the Brom patients, 6 had Williams syndrome. Aortic cross-clamp times were 40.1 ± 13.6 minutes (one-patch), 60.3 ± 38.8 minutes (Doty), and 104 ± 20.5 minutes (Brom). Perioperative mortality was 5.0% (1 patient in one-patch group). Mean postoperative length of stay was 10 ± 10.6 days. Follow-up data were available for all survivors (mean follow-up, 6.3 ± 6.0 years; range, 6 months to 16 years). There were no late deaths. Follow-up echocardiograms revealed a peak Doppler gradient across the aortic outflow tract of 33 ± 18.0 mm Hg (one-patch), 10 ± 1 mm Hg (Doty), and 18 ± 12 mm Hg (Brom). All patients in the Doty and Brom groups had less than moderate aortic insufficiency. Reoperations were required in 5 of 8 one-patch patients (62%) for residual aortic stenosis (n = 3), aortic insufficiency (n = 1), and subvalvar stenosis (n = 1). No Doty or Brom patient has required aortic reoperations, which was nearly statistically associated with freedom from reoperation ( p = 0.06). Subvalvar stenosis was the only risk factor associated with reoperation ( p = 0.0028). Conclusions Despite a longer cross-clamp time, SVAS repair by Doty or Brom aortoplasty restores normal hemodynamics and reduces the need for reoperation when compared with the classic one-patch technique. Our current preference for SVAS repair is the Brom three-patch symmetric aortoplasty.
Measurement of the photoionization cross section of the 5 S 1 / 2 state of rubidium

We report the measurement of the photoionization cross section for the ${5S}_{1/2}$ state of rubidium, using atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. A single-photon rate at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=266\mathrm{nm}$ was found by monitoring the decay of trap fluorescence after exposure to ionizing radiation from a quadrupled ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{d}:\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ laser. In order to eliminate excited-state ionization, the photoionization and trapping lasers were alternately chopped, so that only ground-state atoms were ionized. We determine that the photoionization cross section at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=266\mathrm{nm}$ is $\ensuremath{\sigma}=1.7(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}.$