cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens: rare complication of vena cava filter placement in man with paraplegia.

Objective To describe a complication of placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in a man with paraplegia. Design Case report. Participants/methods A 48-year-old man with T11 paraplegia secondary to an L1 burst fracture underwent thoracic spinal fusion. The postoperative course was complicated by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the right common femoral vein, which was treated with warfarin. Results During rehabilitation, the hematocrit declined, and fluctuance was noted along the surgical site. Computed tomographic scan suggested a hematoma in the paraspinal and latissimus dorsi muscles. Warfarin was discontinued, and an IVC filter was placed. He subsequently developed severe leg pain, followed by hypotension, acute renal failure, and compartment syndrome in bilateral lower extremities requiring fasciotomies. Ultrasound and computed tomographic angiogram showed extensive bilateral lower extremity DVTs and pulmonary emboli. The diagnosis of cerulea dolens was made. Mechanical and pharmacological thrombectomy was aborted secondary to bleeding complications and hypotension. The patient died shortly after care was withdrawn at the family's request. The autopsy revealed multiple thrombi in IVC, bilateral pelvic and femoral veins, and left pulmonary artery embolus, consistent with phlegmasia cerulea dolens. Conclusions Inferior vena cava filters may prevent pulmonary embolism but do not affect the underlying thrombotic process. An IVC filter should be recognized as a possible thrombogenic nidus in patients with spinal cord injury who have known DVT.
Antagonistic control of lysosomal fusion by Rab14 and the Lyst-related protein LvsB.

While loss of the protein Lyst causes abnormal lysosomes in patients with Chediak–Higashi syndrome, the contribution of Lyst to lysosome biology is not known. Previously we found that the Dictyostelium ortholog of Lyst, LvsB, is a cytosolic protein that associates with lysosomes and post-lysosomes to prevent their inappropriate fusion. Here we provide three lines of evidence that indicate that LvsB contributes to lysosome function by antagonizing the function of DdRab14, a protein that promotes homotypic fusion among lysosomes. (1) Instead of restricting DdRab14 to lysosomes, cells that lack LvsB expand DdRab14 localization to include post-lysosomes. (2) Expression of activated DdRab14 phenocopies the loss of LvsB, causing inappropriate heterotypic fusion between lysosomes and post-lysosomes and their subsequent enlargement. (3) Conversely, expression of inactivated DdRab14 suppresses the phenotype of LvsB null cells and restores their lysosomal size and segregation from post-lysosomes. Our data suggest a scenario where LvsB binds to late lysosomes and promotes the inactivation of DdRab14. This inactivation allows the lysosomes to mature into post-lysosomes for eventual secretion. We propose that human Lyst may function similarly to regulate Rab-dependent fusion of lysosomal compartments.
A two-factor hypothesis of freezing injury: Evidence from Chinese hamster tissue-culture cells

Abstract When Chinese hamster tissue-culture cells are frozen in a variety of suspending media, the percentage of cells surviving is maximal at optimum cooling rates, rates that are 2–4 orders of magnitude lower than those used to freeze cells for subsequent processing by the electron microscopy techniques of freeze-cleaving and freeze-substitution. The existence of such optima suggests that at least two factors dependent on cooling rate interact to determine the ultimate survival of a frozen-thawed cell. Other data are consistent with the view that the causes of injury in rapidly and slowly frozen cells are different. First, cells frozen rapidly in 0.4 M solutions of sucrose, glycerol, and dimethyl sulfoxide, or in 0.004 M polyvinylpyrrolidone, are inactivated to a much greater extent by slow warming than are cells frozen slowly in those solutions; that is, cells frozen at rates greater than the optimum are considerably more sensitive to slow warming. Second, the inactivation rate of cells frozen rapidly in glycerol is greater at −40 °C than that of cells frozen slowly. Third, the temperatures at which cells are killed as they are slowly frozen are very different from those observed during the slow warming of rapidly frozen cells. The precise nature of the two factors remains uncertain, but indirect evidence suggests that cells cooled slower than optimum are killed by alterations in the properties of the extracellular and intracellular solution induced by ice formation (e.g., high solute concentrations), and that cells cooled faster than optimum are killed by the formation of intracellular ice and its subsequent recrystallization during warming. Such intracellular recrystallization may be a potentially serious source of artifacts in frozen material processed for electron microscopy at temperatures above −60 °C, and perhaps even above −100 °C.
Timing jitter and amplitude noise reduction by a chirped pulsed-pump fiber OPA

A novel optical pulse reshaping scheme is proposed to reduce timing jitter and amplitude noise. Sensitivity improvement of 2.6 dB was demonstrated by the temporal lens effect realized by a linearly-chirped pulsed-pump optical parametric amplifier followed by optimum dispersion.
Regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. In vitro inhibition by a protein present in bile.

Abstract The activity of rat hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.34), the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, is inhibited in vitro by factors present in both rat and bovine bile. The inhibitory factor from bovine bile has been purified to near homogeneity and is a high molecular weight lipoprotein with a density (p = 1.024) and lipid composition similar to serum β-lipoprotein. Analysis of the interaction of the enzyme and inhibitor demonstrate that the observed inactivation/inhibition is a function of lipoprotein concentration, microsomal protein concentration and duration of interaction. The observed inhibition is apparently irreversible and while neither substrate alone protects the enzyme, both substrates decrease the rate of inactivation several fold.
Consequences of Preventing Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults on Nursing Home Costs

Objectives: To determine whether costs of long-term nursing home (NH) care for patients who received a multicomponent targeted intervention (MTI) to prevent delirium while hospitalized were less than for those who did not receive the intervention. Design: Longitudinal follow-up from a randomized trial. Setting: Posthospital discharge settings: community-based care and NHs. Participants: Eight hundred one hospitalized patients aged 70 and older. Measurements: Patients were followed for 1 year after discharge, and measures of NH service use and costs were constructed. Total long-term NH costs were estimated using a two-part regression model and compared across intervention and control groups. Results: Of the 400 patients in the intervention group and 401 patients in the matched control group, 153 (38%) and 148 (37%), respectively, were admitted to a NH during the year, and 54 (13%) and 51 (13%), respectively, were long-term NH patients. The MTI had no effect on the likelihood of receiving long-term NH care, but of patients receiving long-term NH care, those in the MTI group had significantly lower total costs, shorter length of stay and lower cost per survival day. Adjusted total costs were $50,881 per long-term NH patient in the MTI group and $60,327 in the control group, a savings of 15.7% (P=.01). Conclusion: Active methods to prevent delirium are associated with a 15.7% decrease in long-term NH costs. Shorter length of stay of patients receiving long-term NH services was the primary source of these savings.
Molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains by bacteriophage lambda restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis: application to a multistate foodborne outbreak and a day-care center cluster.

Abstract Genomic DNAs prepared from 168 isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms on Southern blots probed with bacteriophage lambda DNA. The isolates analyzed included strains from a recent large multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infection associated with consumption of poorly cooked beef in restaurants, a day-care center cluster, and temporally and geographically unrelated isolates. E. coli O157:H7 isolates recovered from the incriminated meat and from 61 (96.8%) of 63 patients from Washington and Nevada possessed identical lambda restriction fragment length patterns. The lambda restriction fragment length polymorphisms observed in 11 (91.7%) of 12 day-care center patients were identical, but they differed from that of the strain associated with the multistate outbreak. E. coli O157:H7 from 42 patients temporally or geographically unrelated to either cluster of infection possessed unique and different lambda restriction fragment length patterns, except for paired isolates from three separate clusters of infection. These data demonstrate that the hybridization of DNA digests of E. coli O157:H7 with radiolabelled bacteriophage lambda DNA can be a useful, stable, and discriminatory epidemiologic tool for analyzing the linkage between strains of E. coli O157:H7.
Variations in Antarctic sea ice conditions and relationships with Southern Hemisphere cyclonic activity, winters 1973–77

Interannual variations in the extent of Antarctic sea ice are investigated for the winter growth season (June through September) for the five years 1973–77. Statistical correlations between the synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation, given by the frequencies of satellite-observed extratropical depressions, and the latitudinal extent of the ice are evaluated on hemispheric and regional scales for each winter. Marked differences in winter cyclone activity accompany the year-to-year variations in ice growth and extent on a zonally-averaged basis, and are particularly evident for the extreme ice winters of 1973 and 1977. A link between the expansion of the sea ice zone during winter and the frequencies of new cyclonic developments (cyclogenesis) is evident for latitudes immediately north of the ice-ocean boundary. Three key regions of high interannual variability in ice conditions are identified and examined statistically for ice-cyclone interactions. Correlations between ice-edge latitude and cyclone frequencies show least variation between years in the East Antarctic sector, emphasizing the role of the semi-permanent low pressure center in the winter ice regime of this region. Conversely, ice-cyclone correlations vary markedly from year-to-year in the Weddell Sea, where ocean-related ice advection patterns are of additional significance. Case studies from the five-winter period are used to support the statistical results obtained for each sector.
Changing phosphorus content of the U.S. diet: potential for adverse effects on bone.

The dietary intake of phosphorus in the United States is high relative to calcium. Intake estimates from the 1989-1991 Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture show that for both men and women, median calcium intakes do not meet the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for most age groups over 10 y of age, whereas phosphorus intakes exceed the RDAs for most age groups. The use of phosphorus-containing food additives in the processing of foods contributes substantially to the daily phosphorus intake, and their use is increasing. Because much of the phosphorus through food additive use is not reflected in the estimates of phosphorus intakes derived from national food consumption surveys, these estimates underestimate true dietary intakes of phosphorus. High phosphorus intake has been shown to cause secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone loss in several animal models. High phosphorus, low calcium consumption consistent with current observed intake levels resulted in changes in calcium-regulating hormones that were not conducive to optimizing peak bone mass in young women. Evidence that such high phosphorus intakes may impair synthesis of the active metabolite of vitamin D and disrupt calcium homeostasis particularly in older women are discussed.
Y-Grafts and Sequential Grafts in Coronary Bypass Surgery: A Critical Evaluation of Patency Rates

In a series of 584 patients undergoing coronary bypass, 425 patients received Y-grafts, sequential grafts, or a combination of the two. The saphenous veins from the legs frequently had Y- or double Y-branches suitable for bypasses. As many as 5 grafts have been served satisfactorily by a single proximal anastomosis. Simultaneous procedures included 45 left ventricular aneurysmectomies, 18 valve replacements, 7 carotid endarterectomies, repairs of a ventricular septal defect, an acute dissection, and coronary arteriovenous fistulas, with a total surgical mortality of 6 (1.4%). Restudy to determine graft patency was undertaken only in the 59 patients with unsatisfactory surgical results. These patients represent the worst 10% of the series in terms of surgical results. The patency rate for proximal anastomoses was 93%; Y-branchings, 93%; distal end-to-side anastomoses, 89%; and distal side-to-side anastomoses, 89%. Fifty-eight patients (98%) had at least 1 patient graft, and in 47 patients (80%) all anastomoses were patent up to six years after operation. Six patients underwent reoperation without any deaths.
Comparative analysis of galactoside-binding lectins isolated from mammalian spleens.

Abstract Galactoside-inhibitable lectins have been isolated from rabbit, rat, mouse, pig, lamb, calf, and human spleens. Native molecular mass, subunit structure, p I , and hemagglutinating activity have been compared for these lectins. The yields of lectin varied from 1.8 mg/kg for rabbit spleen to 79 mg/kg for lamb spleen. Pig, lamb, calf, and human spleen lectins yielded single protein peaks when subjected to Superose 12 fast-protein liquid chromatography. The apparent molecular mass for these lectins was 33–34 kDa. In contrast, rat and mouse spleen lectin preparations were separated into three components ranging from 8.4 to 34 kDa. Superose 12 chromatography of rabbit spleen lectin revealed the presence of at least six components. Gradient slab gel sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the presence of single polypeptides for pig, calf, lamb, and human lectins corresponding to a molecular mass of 14–14.5 kDa. Multiple polypeptides were detected for the mouse, rat, and rabbit lectins. The molecular mass of the major polypeptides were 15, 15, and 17 kDa for rat, mouse, and rabbit, respectively. The presence of isolectins in all preparations was shown by isoelectric focusing. The major isolectins were acidic proteins with p I 4.38–4.80. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assays demonstrated similarities as well as differences among the lectin preparations. Hemagglutinating activity could not be demonstrated in rabbit spleen extracts nor for isolated putative lectin. Human buffy coat cells were reversibly agglutinated by calf and human spleen lectins, demonstrating the presence of leucocyte cell surface lectin receptors.
Luminescence from rhodium(III) ammine complexes

Abstract Emission, excitation, and absorption spectra of seven rhodium(III) ammine complexes and the hexanitrorhodate(III) ion have been measured, and the mean lives of the lowest excited states determined. Absorption spectra have been measured in solutions at room temperature and in rigid glasses between 102 and 77°K. Emission spectra were obtained from rigid-glass solutions and from the solid substances at 77°K. Excitation spectra of five of the ammines were also obtained from rigid-glass solutions at 77°K. All the ammines displayed a luminescence that could be assigned to a spin-forbidden d - d phosphorescence. The long-livid luminescence from the hexanitro ion was assigned to T 1 → S 0 , triplet-singlet phosphorescence formally derived from the NO 2 − ligands. Tetragonal splitting of the first spin-allowed band was observed in the absorption spectra of three of the ammine complexes, and the first low-energy absorption band has been reassigned for several of the molecules.
COMPARISON OF VACCINE-INDUCED AND NATURAL IMMUNITY TO HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

A challenge study was performed to measure the protection against CMV afforded by prior natural infection or vaccination with Towne strain live attenuated CMV. Previous studies had shown that seronegative renal transplant recipients were protected by vaccine from serious CMV disease but not from infection. The challenge consisted of a fresh human CMV isolate called Toledo. A closed community of priests volunteered to participate. Twelve seronegative priests were vaccinated with Towne live virus. One year later graded doses of Toledo were administered subcutaneously to the vaccinees and to 6 seronegative and 9 naturally seropositive controls. At a challenge dose of 1000 PFU, even the naturally immune subjects became ill. At a challenge dose of 100 PFU, seronegative individuals developed CMV mononucleosis, whereas both vaccinees and natural immune subjects were protected against illness. However, at this dose half of the vaccinees became infected with the challenge virus. At a challenge dose of 10 PFU of Toledo, vaccinees and natural immunes were protected against infection and disease, while seronegatives became ill with CMV mononucleosis. Neutralizing antibodies and specific cellular immune responses developed after vaccination or disease. This study demonstrates for the first time that active immunization against CMV can prevent disease in normal subjects, even when a challenge is delivered parenterally. However, resistance to CMV depends on the challenge dose and on the integrity of host immune responses.
Range-gated metrology: an ultra-compact sensor for dimensional stabilization

Point-to-point laser metrology systems can be used to stabilize large structures at the nanometer levels required for precision optical systems. Existing sensors are large and intrusive, however, with optical heads that consist of several optical elements and require multiple optical fiber connections. The use of point-to-point laser metrology has therefore been limited to applications where only a few gauges are needed and there is sufficient space to accommodate them. Range-Gated Metrology is a signal processing technique that preserves nanometer-level or better performance while enabling: (1) a greatly simplified optical head - a single fiber optic collimator - that can be made very compact, and (2) a single optical fiber connection that is readily multiplexed. This combination of features means that it will be straightforward and cost-effective to embed tens or hundreds of compact metrology gauges to stabilize a large structure. In this paper we describe the concept behind Range-Gated Metrology, demonstrate the performance in a laboratory environment, and give examples of how such a sensor system might be deployed.
'I learned to accept every part of myself': the transformative impact of a theatre-based sexual health and HIV prevention programme

Theatre-based interventions have been used in health promotion activities among young people to address HIV and sexual health. In this study, we explored the experience of undergraduate student performers participating in a theatre-based HIV prevention and sexual health education intervention for high school students in the USA. Undergraduate students enrolled in a credit-bearing course to learn about HIV and sexual health, participatory theatre and health education techniques. We analysed students' reflective essays written throughout the semester to identify any changes and the intervention processes that promoted these changes. Students experienced five interrelated forms of transformation: (1) increased knowledge about HIV and sexual health; (2) changes in attitude and communication about sex; (3) artistic growth; (4) emotional growth; and (5) clarification of career goals and future plans. Intervention processes that contributed to these transformations included improvisation, guided writing exercises, the creation of a close-knit cohesive group, and interactions with a group of HIV-positive speakers. Theatre-based, peer-led sexual health programmes can provide a transformative experience for undergraduate student performers. The transformative effects are linked to specific activities and processes of the intervention and require examination in future research.
Shedding Light on Denigration: Its etymology and uses

In this short piece, I offer a brief overview of the etymology of the word denigration , outline its semantic development in the English language, and consider controversial implications of the word in modern usage.
Corrections [to "An algorithm for linear inequalities and applications" and to "Logical design of analog-to-digital converters"]

Two corrections are presented: (1) The authors of the paper "An Algorithm for Linear Inequalities and Applications," which appeared on pages 683-688 of the October, 1965, issue of these Transactions, has called the following to the attention of the Editor. It was established in this paper that the algorithm converges to the solution (if one exists) in a finite number of steps and that the convergence is exponential. We would like to point out that, for any finite algorithm, exponential convergence is superfluous since it is always possible to find an exponential trajectory which dominates any strictly decreasing and finite trajectory. The particular proof for exponential convergence in the paper is, however, erroneous. Nevertheless, this fact "will not disturb any of the results, theoretical or experimental, mentioned in the paper. We would like to thank C.C. Blaydon for this correction and Prof. T.M. Cover for his suggestions during the review of the paper. Correction (2): The author of the short note "Logical Design of Analog-to-Digital Converters," which appeared on pages 740-741 of the October, 1965, issue of these Transactions, has called the following to the attention of the Editor. On page 740, column 2, the next to the last line, there is a comma after "the most significant bit" which should be deleted.
Zoonotic Poxviruses Associated with Companion Animals

Understanding the zoonotic risk posed by poxviruses in companion animals is important for protecting both human and animal health. The outbreak of monkeypox in the United States, as well as current reports of cowpox in Europe, point to the fact that companion animals are increasingly serving as sources of poxvirus transmission to people. In addition, the trend among hobbyists to keep livestock (such as goats) in urban and semi-urban areas has contributed to increased parapoxvirus exposures among people not traditionally considered at high risk. Despite the historic notoriety of poxviruses and the diseases they cause, poxvirus infections are often missed. Delays in diagnosing poxvirus-associated infections in companion animals can lead to inadvertent human exposures. Delays in confirming human infections can result in inappropriate treatment or prolonged recovery. Early recognition of poxvirus-associated infections and application of appropriate preventive measures can reduce the spread of virus between companion animals and their owners. This review will discuss the epidemiology and clinical features associated with the zoonotic poxvirus infections most commonly associated with companion animals.
Some annotations on the film festival as an emerging medium in India

Organized around an interview with the curator of the 2009 Ahmedabad International Film Festival in India, this article inventories a number of issues germane to future discussions of the film festival as an emerging exhibition venue in India. I examine some of the existing theoretical and critical models for analyzing film festivals, and argue that the film festival should be considered as a ‘medium’ that behaves as a productive constraint on both film production and spectatorship. Finally, I consider the unique relation between the spectatorial behaviors encouraged within festival settings and the narrative strategies of Indian popular films, so as to interrogate their impact on the cultivation of a critically-oriented Indian film audience. I conclude by evaluating the promises and challenges of the infrastructural limitations faced by Indian film festivals for the emergence of alternative cinema publics.
Charge storage in a metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor containing cobalt nanocrystals

Abstract Self-assembled cobalt (Co) nanocrystals on ultra-thin silicon dioxide layer were fabricated by in situ annealing Co ultrathin films deposited with Co effusion cell in a molecular-beam-epitaxy chamber. The resultant nanocrystals obtained at the optimized annealing temperature are around 3–4 nm in diameter with dot density of about 1 × 10 12 cm −2 . The metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors containing Co nanocrystals exhibit much longer retention times than a Si nanocrystal memory with the same tunneling oxide thickness. This study suggests that Co nanocrystal should be an excellent alternative to replace Si nanocrystal as floating gates for future nonvolatile flash-type memory application.
The oscillating vein

In 1824 D. Barry inserted a glass bulb into the jugular vein of a horse and observed that when the animal was standing the blood flowed intermittently in jets that were not synchronous with either respiratory or heart rates (Brecher). Holt in 1941 arranged a flow circuit where the fluid traversed an interposed segment of collapsible tube and where he could vary at will the ratio of internal pressures. He observed that when the ratio approached zero the tube collapsed and began to pulsate. Brecher in 1952 examined carefully this phenomenon by decreasing the downstream pressure in the vena cava of open chest dogs and concluded that it originated in a momentary complete collapse of a segment of the vein when the extravascular (atmospheric or tissular) pressure exceeded the intravascular pressure. The continuous inflow of blood from the capillaries would then elevate again the intravascular pressure forcing the closed segment of vein to reopen. With repetition of the cycle the vein oscillated at frequencies and amplitudes whose complex relationships he studied in physical analogues made of collapsible rubber tubes. Furthermore, he pointed out the clinical significance of this "chatter" during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery when the collecting reservoir for venous return is positioned at an excessively low level. In 1953 Robard and Saiki and in 1955 Robard reported detailed studies on flow through collapsible tubes and on the clinical implications of its instabilities in relation to apparently anomalous flow-pressure patterns in various vessels of the body. Our own studies on the effect of quiet respiration in a two-chamber-hepatic valve model of venous return indicate that in the intact (closed chest) dog and man the venae cavae operate at the limits of equilibrium and that instability may develop during vigorous respirations.
Neural mechanisms of absolute tactile localization in monkeys

Macaca nemestrina monkeys were trained to indicate the location of suprathreshold tactile stimuli delivered to the glabrous skin of either foot. The testing paradigm involved self-initiated trials (a bar press), followed by 10-Hz stimulation at one of six locations (e.g., on the distal phalanx of the second toe on the left foot), providing the opportunity for the animal to press one of six buttons located on a facing panel. The buttons were positioned on a picture of a monkey's feet at locations corresponding to the skin loci that were stimulated on different trials. If the animal first pressed the button corresponding to the position stimulated, liquid reward was delivered; responses to any other button terminated stimulation without reward, requiring initiation of another trial for the opportunity to receive reinforcement. The localization errors for normal monkeys were reliably greater along the mediolateral dimension of the foot than they were proximodistally. For example, stimulation of the tip of toe 4 elicited responses to the button at the tip of toe 2 on 25% of the trials, as compared with only 10% errors between the tip of toe 4 and the pad at the base of toe 4. Following unilateral interruption of the dorsal spinal columns at an upper thoracic level, the capacity for absolute tactile localization was unchanged over months of testing. The greater localization accuracy along the proximodistal axis of the foot remained after dorsal column transection. In order to evaluate neural substrates of localization by monkeys, single-neuron receptive field (RF) sizes and distributions within the first somatosensory (SI) cortex were examined to determine the overlap or separation of the representations of different points on glabrous skin. The sample of neurons that provided the RF data was obtained in previous investigations of unanesthetized, neuromuscularly blocked Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Analysis of RF overlap revealed that greater than 50% of cytoarchitectural area 1 units that responded to stimulation of one digit tip also responded to another digit or to the pad at the base of a digit. These large RFs seem poorly suited to subserve a high degree of spatial localization and are compatible with the frequent localization errors by the monkeys in the behavioral experiments. However, the area 1 RF data do not explain the tendency of these animals to exhibit better localization accuracy along the proximodistal axis than along the mediolateral axis of the volar foot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ab initio calculation of the intercalation voltage of lithium-transition-metal oxide electrodes for rechargeable batteries

Abstract A first-principle's method to predict the intercalation voltage for lithium in metal oxides is presented. Although the intercalation voltage for lithium is often related to aspects of the electronic structure, this voltage can only be accurately calculated from the lithium chemical potential in the anode and cathode. Using the pseudopotential technique the average intercalation voltage of LiMO2 cathodes is computed for M = Ti, V, Co, Ni and Cu. Although no experimental data are used as input, agreement with experiment is good, indicating the potential to use this method to predict the properties of new compounds.
Biosystematics of two sympatric species ofEucharis (Amaryllidaceae)

Eucharis candida andE. formosa are two often sympatric species of bulbous geophytes restricted to neotropical rain forest understory. The species are most common in eastern Ecuador, and are the only two east Ecuadorean species of the genus found north of the Pastaza valley. Data from phenetic, karyotypic, and preliminary isozyme electrophoretic analyses of both species are represented. The species are distinguishable phenetically and karyologically, but isozyme-based relationships are more complex. Phenetic resolution of the isozyme phenotypes supports recognition of two species in Ecuador. A Peruvian isolate ofE. formosa, though not morphologically distinct, shows both allozyme and chromosomal divergence from Ecuadorean populations. Cladistic relationships based on overall allozyme data do not support species distinction, but a novel electrophoretic phenotype for glutathione reductase is shared only by individuals ofE. candida. An apparent geographic component within the monophyletic groups resolved in the cladogram suggests that some degree of gene flow between these two species has been maintained without the complete loss of morpholgoical species identity. This may have been mediated either by artificial population structures due to a probable long history of cultivation, or via Pleistocene refugia effects. Both species may have originated in eastern Ecuador from a common ancestral population which has since radiated outward, perhaps several times.
Aroma Characteristics of Stored Tobacco Cut Leaves Analyzed by a High Vacuum Distillation and Canister System

An extraction method using a high vacuum distillation extraction apparatus coupled to a canister was newly developed for the analysis and sensory test of tobacco leaf volatiles. We extended the application of the canister that is used in environmental analysis, to the extraction of the aroma components in tobacco leaves. The volatile components with vapor pressures higher than 0.1 mmHg were easily evaporated under decompression and then trapped into the vacuumed canister. After the collection of volatiles, the canister was pressurized by a slow stream of inert gas in order to emit the whole aroma under a controlled flow. Applying a preconcentrator-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and sensory test to the headspace gas components, the aroma alteration between 0 and 2 weeks of storage was simultaneously or individually evaluated. As a result, after the storage, alcohols such as 1-hexanol, linalool, and benzyl alcohol decreased significantly. The amount of carotenoid derivatives that have the characteristic tobacco leaf aroma had not changed. Sensory evaluation of the same headspace gas with that used for GC/MS demonstrated the alternation of the aroma quality before and after storage. The main changes were the decrease of greenness and smoothness in aroma and the decrease of ethylbenzene, 2-pentylfuran, 1-hexanol, benzaldehyde, and linalool concentrations.
Synthesis of nitrogen‐15 labeled 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX) and 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (HMX)

Procedures are described for the synthesis of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) fully labeled with nitrogen-15.
Incumbent reputations and ideological campaign contributions in spatial competition

This paper develops an equilibrium model of incumbent-challenger spatial competition with campaign contributions. In the model, contributions serve to provide information about the attributes of the candidates to the risk-averse electorate. Incumbents are distinguished from challengers by voters' perceptions-without contributions, an incumbent who is located at his ''reputation'' is a less risky lottery than any challenger, but this risk-advantage deteriorates as the incumbent's position deviates from his reputation-as well as by their strategic positions: the incumbent moves first and the challenger moves second. Also, each candidate takes into account the contributions that both candidates receive in (Cournot-Nash) contributor equilibrium. It is shown that for any pair of positions, in contrast to the standard case of refundable contributions, if contributions are non-refundable, then for every pair of candidate positions, contributor equilibrium exists and is unique, and incumbent-challenger equilibrium exists and is unique. The equilibrium effects of contributions on the candidates' positions and probabilities of winning are shown to depend on the relative strengths of contributions and reputation.
Human Pancreatic Islets Express mRNA Species Encoding Two Distinct Catalytically Active Isoforms of Group VI Phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) That Arise from an Exon-skipping Mechanism of Alternative Splicing of the Transcript from the iPLA2 Gene on Chromosome 22q13.1

An 85-kDa Group VI phospholipase A2 enzyme (iPLA2) that does not require Ca2+ for catalysis has recently been cloned from three rodent species. A homologous 88-kDa enzyme has been cloned from human B-lymphocyte lines that contains a 54-amino acid insert not present in the rodent enzymes, but human cells have not previously been observed to express catalytically active iPLA2 isoforms other than the 88-kDa protein. We have cloned cDNA species that encode two distinct iPLA2 isoforms from human pancreatic islet RNA and a human insulinoma cDNA library. One isoform is an 85-kDa protein (short isoform of human iPLA2 (SH-iPLA2)) and the other an 88-kDa protein (long isoform of human iPLA2(LH-iPLA2)). Transcripts encoding both isoforms are also observed in human promonocytic U937 cells. Recombinant SH-iPLA2 and LH-iPLA2 are both catalytically active in the absence of Ca2+ and inhibited by a bromoenol lactone suicide substrate, but LH-iPLA2 is activated by ATP, whereas SH-iPLA2 is not. The human iPLA2gene has been found to reside on chromosome 22 in region q13.1 and to contain 16 exons represented in the LH-iPLA2 transcript. Exon 8 is not represented in the SH-iPLA2 transcript, indicating that it arises by an exon-skipping mechanism of alternative splicing. The amino acid sequence encoded by exon 8 of the human iPLA2 gene is proline-rich and shares a consensus motif of PX 5PX 8HHPX 12NX 4Q with the proline-rich middle linker domains of the Smad proteins DAF-3 and Smad4. Expression of mRNA species encoding two active iPLA2 isoforms with distinguishable catalytic properties in two different types of human cells demonstrated here may have regulatory or functional implications about the roles of products of the iPLA2 gene in cell biologic processes.
Direct Products of Association Schemes and Tensor Products of Table Algebras

In this paper we prove the Krull-Schmidt type theorems for direct products of association schemes and tensor products of table algebras.
Percutaneous intravascular stents for treatment of portal venous stenosis after liver transplantation: midterm results

Portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation is a relatively uncommon vascular complication that may result in graft loss if not promptly treated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the midterm result of the use of intravascular stents for portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation. From April 2004 to September 2005, percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilation with stent deployment was performed in nine cases. Varices were embolized with stainless steel coils in two cases. No procedure-related complication occurred. Portal venous patency was maintained in all nine patients from 6 to 19 months (mean 10 months). In conclusion, an intravascular stent is an effective treatment for the portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation with excellent midterm patency.
Learning to distinguish similar objects

ABSTRACT 'This paper (Iescril)es how the similarities and differences among similar objects can he (us-covered (luring learning to facilitate recognition. The application domain is single views of flyingmo(lel aircraft captured in silhouette by a CCD camera. The approach was motivated by humanpsyclioisual and monkey neurophysiological data. The implementation uses neural net process-ing mechanisms to build a hierarchy that relates similar objects to superordinate classes, whilesimultaneously discovering the salient differences between objects within a class. Learning andrecognition experiments both with and without the class similarity and difference learning show theeffectiveness of the approach on this visual data. To test the approach, the hierarchical al)1)rOaChwas compared to a non-hierarchical approach, and was found to improve the average percentage of correcflv classified views from 77% to 84%. 1. INTRODUCTION To distinguish between similar objects, one might simply suggest that the distinguishing part'be used. But how are such parts' determined? Object recognition can use many different strate-gies. Example strategies include recognition by key-features, 2D-views, and object-centered struc-ture. Each of these has various factors to recommend it in applications requiring discriminationbetween similar objects.In a key-features approach, certain features become associated with particular objects.
Accuracy of Shock Capturing in Two Spatial Dimensions

An assessment of the accuracy of shock capturing schemes is made for two-dimensional steady flow around a cylindrical projectile. Both a linear fourth-order method and a nonlinear third-order method are used in this study. It is shown, contrary to conventional wisdom, that captured two-dimensional shocks are asymptotically first-order, regardless of the design accuracy of the numerical method. The practical implications of this finding are discussed in the context of the efficacy of high-order numerical methods for discontinuous flows.
MMPI correlates of the Bem Sex Role Inventory and Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire in a male psychiatric sample.

Obtained normative data and MMPI correlates of two measures of sex role orientation (Bem Sex Role Inventory and Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire) in a sample of male psychiatric inpatients (N = 55). Means and subscale intercorrelations similar to those found in college samples were found for each sex role scale. With regard to self-reports of psychopathology, desirable masculine traits generally were related positively to adjustment, undesirable masculine and feminine traits were related negatively, and desirable feminine traits were unrelated to pathology. No consistent sex role correlates with MMPI MF were found, contrary to previous research with normal groups.
A proposal for environmental labels: Informing consumers of the real costs of consumption

L'A. defend l'idee d'un label environnemental pour informer les consommateurs des risques, dommages et couts environnementaux de chacune des etapes de production et de consommation des produits mis sur le marche. Definissant la notion d'ecolabel, l'A. montre que l'absence d'information nuit a l'autonomie du consommateur et que la prevention des riques alimentaires releve de l'ethique environnementale.
Management of the neck in a randomized trial comparing concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy with radiotherapy alone in resectable stage III and IV squamous cell head and neck cancer

Background. Treating the neck after organ-preservation treatment with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy can be problematic. Methods. To develop management guidelines, we reviewed the results of a 100-patient phase-3 trial that had compared outcome after radiotherapy alone with outcome after chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. After completing therapy, patients were reassessed, and surgery was recommended for persistent disease at the primary site or neck and for all patients with stage N2-3 neck nodes regardless of clinical response. Results. Of the 47 patients with stage NO-1, 43 had a complete response (CR); of the 18 N1 patients, all but 4 had a CR. One of these 4, as well as 5 others among the N0-1 patients, underwent neck dissection (n = 6). No disease was found on pathologic examination, and no patient had neck recurrence. Of the remaining 41 N0-1 patients, 3 had disease progression and received no further therapy. Of the 38 others, 4 had neck recurrence, with 3 recurring at the primary site. Of the 53 with stage N2-3, 23 had less than a complete response (<CR), and 30 had a CR. In 35 N2-3 patients, neck dissection was performed as planned. Of these 35, 18 had a CR in the neck; 4 had positive nodes on pathologic examination. The other 17 had a <CR in the neck; 8 had positive nodes on pathologic examination. One patient in this group of 17 had regional recurrence after a pathologically negative neck dissection. Of the 18 N2-3 patients who did not undergo planned neck dissection, 6 had tumor progression and had no further therapy. The other 12, all with a CR in the neck, were followed, and 3 had neck recurrence; none successfully salvaged. Despite a CR in 30 N2-3 patients, 7 had persistent disease or eventual neck recurrence. Adding neck dissection minimized neck recurrence (p =.05). In N2-3 patients, disease-specific survival was significantly better in patients with a CR in the neck (p.002). Disease-specific survival was not affected by neck dissection (p =.40) but was significantly affected by viable tumor in the soecimen (p =.03). Conclusion. Based on these results and the realization that it is difficult to follow patients for recurrent neck cancer, that salvage is often unsuccessful, and that patients dying from uncontrollable neck disease have an extremely poor quality of life, we recommend neck dissection for all N2-3 patients regardless of the neck response and for N1 patients without a CR.
On partitions of functions on finite sets

Let D and R be finite sets with cardinality n and m respectivelyR D be the set of all functions from D into R, and G and H be permutation groups acting on D and R respectively. Two functions f and g in R D are said to be related if there exists a σ in G and a τ in H with f(σd) = τg(d) for every d in D. Since the relation is an equivalence relation, R D is partitioned into disjoint classes. Roughly, by using the cycle indices of G and H, de Bruijn's theorem determines the number of equivalence classes, and Polya's theorem, with H being the identity group, gives the function counting series, Polya-de Bruijn's theorem has many applications (for instance, see Polya and Read [6]). The theorem and its applications, basically, centered around the partitions of functions. Here, we present an algorithm to determine which functions in R D belong to the same equivalent class. Our algorithm does not use the cycle indices of G and H (to compute the cycle index of a given group, in general, is difficult), but it uses t...
Expert performance by athletes in the verbal estimation of spatial extents does not alter their perceptual metric of space

Athletes often give more accurate estimates of egocentric distance along the ground than do non-athletes. To explore whether cognitive calibration was accompanied by perceptual change, athletes and non-athletes made verbal height and distance estimates and also did a perceptual matching task between perceived egocentric distances and frontal vertical extents. Both groups were well calibrated for height estimation for poles viewed frontally, but athletes were much better calibrated at estimating longer egocentric distances (which are systematically underestimated by non-athletes). Athletes were more likely to have learned specific units of ground distance from relevant sports contexts. Both groups reported using human height as a metric for vertical extent. For non-athletes, verbal underestimation of ground distance corresponded to predictions based on perceptual matches between egocentric distances and vertical extents in conjunction with human-height-based verbal estimates of vertical extents. For athletes, the verbal scaling of egocentric distances of 10 m or more was more accurate and was not predicted by their egocentric distance matches to vertical extents.
B decay into light gluinos

Flavor-changing interactions of the gluino allow the {ital b} quark to decay into the strange quark plus a gluino pair if the gluino is in the ultralow mass window below 1 GeV. In this case the enhancement of the nonleptonic {ital b} decay could explain the anomalous semileptonic branching ratio. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Further study of atmospheric pressure fluctuations recorded on seismographs

The predominant background disturbance on a long-period vertical seismograph is removed by providing compensation for atmospheric pressure fluctuations. A seismically-compensated, long-period microbarovariograph for study of pressure oscillations in the range 20–2000 sec is described. Comparison of records from the pressure-compensated seismograph and the seismically-compensated microbarovariograph indicates that no significant ground motion is caused by direct coupling of atmospheric pressure fluctuations to the Earth. Sample records are shown.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 61

Abstract Nuclear structure data for A=61 nuclei are compiled, and adopted level properties and decay schemes are presented. The compilation includes data available through April 1975. The compilation contains two sections: level schemes which include the bulk of the data plus adopted level energies and half—lives; and sheets which include more details about individual measurements, additional adopted level properties, and comments regarding inconsistencies found in the literature.