cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Something's Gotta Give and the Classical Screwball Comedy

Nancy Meyers's Something's Gotta Give (2003) may have succeeded both critically and financially because it imitates the central conventions, characterization, and narrative structure of classical screwball comedies. Like its screwball predecessors, Something's Gotta Give presents a comparatively complex view of love and romance, which is represented by slapstick humor, verbal sparring, and characters who function both actively and passively. In addition, the film's creators pay careful attention to casting and the distinct character types and the narrative framework of the commitment comedy, a subgenre of the screwball comedy. Consequently, Something's Gotta Give, like the screwball comedies of the 1930s and '40s (and unlike most current romance films), appeals to a wide target audience, not just women.
Nicotine-induced eeg and behavioral arousal,

Abstract (−) Nicotine, in doses of 0.005–0.01 mg/kg given intravenously over 1 min, produced transient behavioral arousal and EEG activation in cats with chronic indwelling brain electrodes. The effects of nicotine were evident when the animals were in natural slow wave (deep) sleep as observed behaviorally and by the EEG with recordings from various cortical and subcortical sites. After nicotine administration, the animals were aroused for a few minutes and later became sleepy behaviorally and showed EEG slow waves. This was frequently followed by activated or fast wave sleep. This phenomenon was not evident following infusion of equal volumes of warmed saline solution. In equal doses (+) nicotine, nicotine-N-oxide and cotinine did not affect EEG and behavior in slow wave sleeping cats. However, equipressor doses of (+) nicotine (0.05 mg/kg) and nicotine-N-oxide (1.5 mg/kg) produced slight behavioral and EEG arousal in cats with slow wave sleep. Massive doses of cotinine (25 mg/kg) given intravenously were less effective than (−) nicotine in doses of 0.01 mg/kg. Equipressor doses of epinephrine (E) (0.002 mg/kg), phenylalanyl lysine vasopressin (50 milliunits/kg) and DMPP (0.005 mg/kg) produced weaker EEG activation and behavioral arousal than (−) nicotine. Pretreatment with trimethidinium (2 mg/kg) prevented the cardiovascular effects of nicotine but did not alter greatly its behavioral arousal or EEG activation effects. On the other hand, mecamylamine (0.6 mg/kg) completely blocked the cardiovascular actions of nicotine as well as its effects on EEG and behavior. Larger doses of mecamylamine interfered with the natural sleep cycle of the cat. By use of such pharmacologie techniques it is concluded that the behavioral arousal and EEG desynchronizing effects of nicotine are due primarily to an action on the central nervous system rather than peripheral afferent stimulation or release of various neurohormones. However, these latter effects contribute to the total phenomenon produced by nicotine in intact animals.
Molecular aspects of the binding of absorbed iron to transferrin.

SUMMARY. To study the molecular aspects of the binding of absorbed iron to plasma transferrin, 59Pe with high specific activity was administered via intragastric tube to iron-deficient rabbits. The distribution of the absorbed 59Pe among the molecular forms of iron-transferrin was analysed using urea-polyacrylamide gel electropho­ resis. Absorbed iron was bound to circulating transferrin one atom at a time. In four out of five animals, absorbed iron was predominantly bound to the site in the N-terminal domain of the protein. Thus, the two sites of transferrin may differ in their ability to load absorbed iron. Transferrin, the iron-transport protein of plasma, has two iron-binding sites with well-estab­ lished physico-chemical differences (Cannon & Chasteen, 1975; Aisen et al, 1978; Evans & Williams, 1978). The hypothesis of Fletcher & Huehns (1968) that these binding sites also differ in physiological function has led to a conflicting literature (Aisen & Listowsky, 1980). Until now, however, most studies have focussed on the iron-donating properties of the sites. In one study on iron-loading by transferrin in vivo Zapolski & Princiotto (1980) found that label from 59Pe-Iabelled, heat-denaturated red cells, injected into rats, was bound predom­ inantly at the acid stable site of transferrin. The technique used, however, allowed no differentiation between more rapid binding of 59Pe to the C-terminal sites or more rapid removal from the N-terminal sites. To examine whether the two sites differ in iron-loading ability in vivo, we decided to study the molecular kinetics ofiron binding to plasma transferrin following absorption of an oral 59Pe test dose in the rabbit.
Expanded Prussian Blue Analogue Based on Octahedral {Nb6} Clusters and {K2} Dimers as Nodes

The preparation, structures, and characterization of two new compounds containing octahedral niobium cyanochloride clusters as building units and (Et4N)+ as cation are reported. The reaction between Nb6Cl14 · 8H2O, KCN and (Et4N)Cl led to the formation of (Et4N)4[Nb6Cl12(CN)6] · 2.67H2O (1) which crystallizes in triclinic P-1 space group (No. 2) with a = 12.552(2), b = 12.818(2), c = 12.919(2) A, α = 105.157(3)°, β = 104.188(3)°, γ = 117.390(2)°, V = 1611.7(5) A3 and Z = 1. 1 has a 2D hydrogen-bonded layer structure based on [Nb6Cl12(CN)6]4− units connected through hydrogen bonding between cyanide ligands and solvent water molecules. In the presence of large excess of K+ ions, similar reaction leads to formation of K2(Et4N)2[Nb6Cl12(CN)6] (2) which crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/m space group (No. 87) with a = b = 10.9597(3), c = 19.178(1) A, V = 2303.6(2) A3 and Z = 2. Its 3D structure is based on [Nb6Cl12]2+ and [K2]2+ nodes bridged by cyanide ligands to form an expanded Prussian blue type framework with (Et4N)+ acting as charge compensating ions. An expanded Prussian blue type 3D framework based on hexanuclear {Nb6} and dinuclear {K2} units which are bridged by cyanide linker was synthesized and characterized.
No two entities without identity

In a naive realist approach to reading an ontology off the models of a physical theory, the invariance of a given theory under permutations of its property-bearing objects entails the existence of distinct possible worlds from amongst which the theory cannot choose. A brand of Ontic Structural Realism (OSR) attempts to avoid this consequence by denying that objects possess primitive identity, and thus worlds with property values permuted amongst those objects are really one and the same world. Assuming that any successful ontology of objects is able to describe a universe containing a determinate number of them, I argue that no version of OSR which both retains objects and understands ‘structure’ in terms of relations can be successful. This follows from the fact that no set of relational facts is sufficient to fix the cardinality of the collection of objects implied by those facts. More broadly, I offer reasons to believe that no version of OSR is compatible with the existence of objects, no matter how ontologically derivative they are taken to be. Any such account would have to attribute a definite cardinality to a collection of objects while denying that those objects are possessed of a primitive identity. With no compelling reason to abandon the classical conception of cardinality, such an attribution is incoherent.
Effects of Aesculus glabra Canopy on Understory Community Structure and Environment in a Temperate Deciduous Forest

ABSTRACT Understory plants in temperate deciduous forests are dependent on a spring window of high light availability prior to canopy leafout. Aesculus glabra Willd. (Ohio buckeye, Hippocastanaceae) produces leaves several weeks before other trees in the same habitat. Aesculus glabra canopy is hypothesized to reduce the spring high-light period, and thus to have a negative effect on understory plants, especially annual and spring-ephemeral herbs. Understory community composition (herbs plus woody plants <0.5-m height) and environment were compared under A. glabra– and non–A. glabra-dominated canopy in May and July in a mesic, secondary forest in northeastern Indiana. The understory under A. glabra canopy had lower cover and observed species richness in both seasons, and ordination indicated differences in species composition in both seasons. Annual and summer-green herbs and woody plants had lower cover under A. glabra in May, but spring ephemerals did not differ. Summer-green herbs and woody plants had l...
A Model of Glomerular Mesangial Transport in Health and Disease

Transport in the kidney is critically important in normal function and in disease. Solute transport occurs in many locations within the kidney, including convection within the capillaries, filtration across the basement membrane, and convection/diffusion within the mesangium (Figure 1). Models of transport in the kidney have traditionally focused on ultrafiltration [1], which is the predominant pathway for fluid and solutes passing into the urinary space. However, the mesangium is often the site of the first symptoms in disease [2], suggesting that mesangial transport is significant, at least in some cases.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
PREDAEA WELDII, A NEW SPECIES OF RHODOPHYTA FROM HAWAII, WITH AN EVALUATION OF THE GENUS1

SUMMARY A new species of Predaea (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) is described from Hawaii. It is compared in important morphological details with other species of the genus, all of which are distributed in the subtropics. Predaea is likewise compared to the genera of Nemastomataceae, and should be included in that family. The genus Yadranella Ercegovic (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) is placed in synonymy with Predaea.
The Fragmented Generation

We propose “The Fragmented Generation” as an appropriate moniker for America’s current generation of young adults. The authors consider how the historical and technological contexts in which these young people have come of age have contributed to the generation’s fragmented nature. Wikipedia, the open source encyclopedia, provides a metaphor for considering the characteristics of young Americans in comparison to those of previous generations.
Biographical research in social work

This paper looks at the possibilities of using biographical research in social work focusing on the elderly. Social work with the elderly uses or should use biographical data to create individual plans for clients or for the purpose of sensory activation. Narrative interviews are a form of interaction between a senior client and a social worker. The social worker supports the senior’s narrative so they can view their life for themselves and explain its meaning from their own perspective. The use of sensory activation in social work is only possible when the individual’s identity is supported by a sufficient amount of environmental stimuli, which can be achieved only by acquiring and analyzing data on the life events of the individual. The paper contains examples of the use of biographical data in social work with the elderly, which is essential for further structuring their lives.
Review and analysis of PEM fuel cell design and manufacturing

Abstract Design and manufacturing alternatives for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells are described and analysed within the context of vehicle applications. Specifically, following a review of many alternatives, 16 polymer electrolyte membranes, 2 types of gas diffusion layers (GDL), 8 types of anode catalysts, 4 types of cathode catalysts and over 100 bipolar plate designs are recommended for further study. This work not only reviews membrane electrode assembly manufacturing options and synthesis processes for many of the membranes and for the gas diffusion layers, but also adds to the bipolar plate fabrication options described in literature. This work is intended to facilitate material and process selection through the consideration of the variety of design and manufacturing alternatives prior to capital investment for wide-scale production.
Immunity and survival

Studies in human families and in surviving older persons suggest that the immune system may have an important role in the control of the survival. Immune response (Ir) genes to infectious agents can be detected in human families.
Milpas and Milperos: Implications for Prehistoric Times

It has been stated that shifting agriculture among the Maya of the Classic Period could have been expected to produce an adequate supply of maize to support their complex civilization, and that its collapse could not have been due to the inadequacies of the method of production. This article presents a study of the contemporary milpa system among descendants of the Itza of Peten, Guatemala: first, a description of the basic Maya approach to the elements of nature; second, their sociological accommodations; third, economic factors; and fourth, the conclusions and implications for Maya cultural history. If the case at hand is relevant, food shortages were involved in the economic and social collapse of many independent religious centers of the Southern Lowland Maya. I do not question the potentials of the environment for greater or more constant food supply. My emphasis is rather on the sociocultural response to the environment, which continues to direct their agricultural activities.
Topical Naltrexone as Treatment for Type 2 Diabetic Cutaneous Wounds

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with impaired cutaneous wound healing and can result in ulceration, infection, and/or amputation. More than 25 million people in the United States have T2D and are vulnerable to epithelial-related complications. Current therapies are limited in their efficacy. New treatments for full-thickness cutaneous wounds that focus on underlying diabetic pathways are needed. Approach: Topical application of the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (NTX) dissolved in cream reverses delayed wound closure in type 1 diabetic rat by the acceleration of reepithelialization and enhancement of angiogenesis and remodeling. NTX blocks the opioid growth factor (OGF)–OGF receptor (OGFr) axis and upregulates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. To investigate whether NTX is an effective therapy for T2D wound closure, genetically obese mice (db/db) and normal C57Bl/6J mice received full-thickness cutaneous wounds. Wounds (5 mm in diameter) were treated topically three times daily w...
Earthworm invasions and the decline of clubmosses (Lycopodium spp.) that enhance nest survival rates of a ground-nesting songbird.

Invasive earthworms have numerous adverse effects on soils, plants, and vertebrates in forests of North America. Relatively little research has linked earthworm invasions to population vital rates of vertebrates while also assessing habitat characteristics that drive these responses. Furthermore, most investigations of earthworm impacts on plants have focused on graminaceous, woody, and herbaceous species. At sites representing different stages of earthworm invasion, we studied a group of fern-like plants, the clubmosses (Lycopodium spp.), that may be adversely affected by invasions of Lumbricus spp. earthworms, are harvested by humans, and are commonly used by ground-nesting songbirds as a nesting substrate. We found a strong inverse association between Lumbricus biomass and the presence of two clubmoss groups, those with a tree-like growth form (i.e., “tree clubmosses”) and those with a finger-like growth form (i.e., “common clubmosses”). Despite finding no relationship between clubmoss presence and visual concealment of nests, we provide evidence that two ground-nesting songbirds, the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) and Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus), preferentially place their nests near tree clubmosses and that the presence of tree clubmosses increases Ovenbird nest survival probability by 32% on average. Although ecological mechanisms for the relationships between Lumbricus invasions and clubmosses and between tree clubmosses and Ovenbird nest survival are unclear, our findings provide additional motivation to manage forest ecosystems against earthworm invasions. In addition, we highlight the need to manage the human harvest of clubmosses to promote sustainability of clubmoss populations that are simultaneously threatened by earthworms and harvest and to minimize adverse impacts on songbirds.
Land processes in climate models

Abstract This article reviews conceptually the current state of inclusion of land surface processes in climate models and requirements for further observations. The atmospheric component of the climate model provides inputs of precipitation and incident surface radiation. Atmospheric model parameterizations of moist convection and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) provide important links to land surface sensible and latent fluxes. The land surface parameterizations provide albedos to determine solar absorption, various resistance: to fluxes of heat and moisture from canopy and soil, descriptions of various water reservoirs, and mechanisms for water to be lost to runoff. These parameterizations consist of the algorithms for these processes and the numerical parameter values required by those algorithms. A wide variety of heterogeneities affect fluxes between land surfaces and the atmosphere and occur on scales that are small compared to the spatial resolution c f global climate models. These heterogeneities need to be accounted for in terms of statistical distributions and/or relatively fine spatial resolution for specification o f land properties. Representation of land properties on a spatial scale of 25–50 km (0.5°) should be adequate for climate modeling requirements over the next decade.
Thermochemistry of uranium compounds VII. Solution calorimetry of α- and β-Na2UO4, standard enthalpy of formation of β-Na2UO4, and the enthalpy of the α to β transition at 298.15 K

Abstract The enthalpies of reaction of α- and β-Na2UO4 with 1 mol dm−3 HCl were found to be −(41260 ± 21) and −(44574 ± 28) calth mol−1, respectively, at 298.15 K. Thus, the enthalpy difference between the α- and β-compounds is (3314 ± 35) calth mol−1, and ΔHo(β-Na2UO4, c, 298.15 K) = −(442.25 ± 0.85) kcalth mol−1.
Polybenzobisazoles are efficient electron transport materials for improving the performance and stability of polymer light-emitting diodes

A series of seven polybenzobisazoles were investigated as electron transport materials in arylene vinylene polymer-based electroluminescent devices. A large enhancement in performance and stability was observed in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and poly(2-methoxy-5(2‘-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) light-emitting diodes by using polybenzobisthiazoles and poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) as electron-transport materials. Devices using polybenzobisazole electron transport layers and aluminum cathodes had a turn-on voltage as low as 2.8 V, a luminance of up to 1400 cd/m2, and an external quantum efficiency of up to 2.5%. These polymer devices and their performances were stable under repeated testing over a period of 9−10 months storage in air. The superior performance of the polybenzobisazole thin films as electron-transport and hole-blocking materials in polymer light-emitting diodes is due to their high glass-transition temperature, environmental resistance, and photochemical/electrochemical stability...
An ESCA study of iron sulfidation in H2S

Abstract The surface reaction of polycrystalline iron with H2S has been studied in situ by means of ESCA in the temperature range 100–773 K for H2S at
The effect of category choice on the odds ratio and several measures of association in case-control studies

In many case-control studies the risk factors are categorized in order to clarify the analysis and presentation of the data. However, inconsistent categorization of continuous risk factors may make interpretation difficult. This paper attempts to evaluate the effect of the categorization procedure on the odds ratio and several measures of association. Often the risk factor is dichotomized and the data linking the risk factor and the disease is presented in a 2 x 2 table. We show that the odds ratio obtained from the 2x2 table is usually considerably larger than the comparable statistic that would have been obtained had a large number of outpoints been used. Also, if 2 x 2, 2 x 3, or 2 x 4 tables are obtained by using a few outpoints on the risk factor, the measures of association for these tables are usually greater than the measure that would have been obtained had a large number of cntpoints been used. We propose an odds ratio measure that more closely approximates the odds ratio between the continuous ...
The influence of doubly attached crossbridges on the mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle fibers under equilibrium conditions.

A simple model of a double-headed crossbridge is introduced to explain the retardation of force decay after an imposed stretch in skeletal muscle fibers under equilibrium conditions. The critical assumption in the model is that once one of the heads of a crossbridge is attached to one of the available actin sites, the attachment of the second head will be restricted to a level of strain determined by the attachment of the first head. The crossbridge structure, namely the connection of both heads of a crossbridge to the same tail region, is assumed to impose this constraint on the spatial configurations of crossbridge heads. The unique feature of the model is the prediction that, in the presence of a ligand (PPi, ADP, AMP-PNP) and absence of Ca2+, the halftime of force decay is many times larger than the inverse rate of detachment of a crossbridge head measured in solution. This prediction is in agreement with measured values of half-times of force decay in fibers under similar conditions (Schoenberg, M., and E. Eisenberg. 1985. Biophys. J. 48:863–871f). It is predicted that a crossbridge head is more likely to re-attach to its previously strained position than remain unattached while the other head is attached, leading to the slow decay of force. Our computations also show that the apparent cooperativity in crossbridge binding observed in experiments (Brenner, B., L. C. Yu, L. E. Greene, E. Eisenberg, and M. Schoenberg. 1986. Biophys. J. 50:1101–1108) can be partially accounted by the double-headed crossbridge attachment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of Deepwater Horizon Oil on Growth Rates of Juvenile Penaeid Shrimps

Marsh shoreline, an important habitat for juvenile penaeid shrimps, was extensively oiled in coastal Louisiana by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. The effect of this spill on growth was examined for brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus held for 7 days in field mesocosms in Barataria Bay during May and August 2011, respectively. The experiments each had 10 treatment combinations, five apparent oil levels, each one with and without added food. Mesocosms were placed in northern Barataria Bay along shorelines that varied in oiling (designated as heavy, moderate, light, very light, or none based on NOAA surveys), and shrimp in half the mesocosms received additional food. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations determined from sediment cores collected at each mesocosm were significantly higher at heavy and moderate than very light shorelines and also higher at moderate than light and none shorelines. Brown shrimp grew more slowly at heavy than very light or none shorelines, and a statistically significant negative relationship was detected between brown shrimp growth rates and sediment PAH concentrations. In August, PAH sediment concentrations had decreased significantly from the values measured in May, no significant difference in white shrimp growth rates was detected among oiling levels, and no relationship was detected between white shrimp growth and sediment PAH concentrations. Both brown shrimp and white shrimp grew more rapidly in mesocosms where food was added. Our study shows that exposure to nonlethal concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons can reduce growth rates of juvenile penaeid shrimps.
Protein-carbonyl accumulation in the non-replicative senescence of the methionine sulfoxide reductase A ( msrA ) knockout yeast strain

The major enzyme of the methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) system is MsrA. Senescing msrA knockout mother yeast cells accumulated significant amounts of protein-carbonyl both at 5 generation-old (young) and 21 generation-old (old) cultures, while the control mother cells showed significant levels of protein-carbonyl mainly in the old culture. The Msr activities of both yeast strains declined with age and exposure of cells to H2O2 caused an accumulation of protein-carbonyl especially in the msrA knockout strain. It is suggested that a compromised MsrA activity may serve as a marker for non-replicative aging.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN MUSCLE CULTURES FROM PATIENTS WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Muscle samples for cultures were obtained from the quadriceps by open biopsy under local anesthesia in five patients with early stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 10 controls. Primary cultures were grown in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) with 20 per cent fetal calf serum. After 4 weeks, cells were trypsinized, counted, subcultured for 5 days in MEM with 5 per cent horse serum and finally incubated for 4 h with (3H) leucine. Ttal protein synthesis showed a significant decrease (half of control values) only in muscle cultures from patients with DMD. Addition of calclium chloride alone or with A23187 ionophore normalized this defect in protein synthesis. By contrast, myosin heavy chain synthesis was measured and found normal in all paitents.
Environmental factors affecting absorption and bio-efficacy of glyphosate in Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum)

Abstract Experiments were conducted in controlled growth cabinets to examine the effect of air temperature (16°C, 22°C, 35°C) or relative humidity (RH, 45%, 70%, 95%) on 14 C-glyphosate distributions in Desmodium tortuosum and bio-efficacy. Uptake and translocation of 14 C-glyphosate were significantly higher at 22°C or 95% RH than 16°C and 35°C or 45% and 70% RH at all harvest times. These values were also significantly higher when influence of temperature or RH recorded when the effects across harvest times (6, 24, 48, 72 h) were averaged. Further, uptake and translocation were significantly higher at 48 h than the other harvest time when the effects across temperatures (16°C, 22°C, 35°C) were averaged. Maximum translocation was obtained at 72 h harvesting time when the effects of RH (45%, 70%, 95%) were averaged. When glyphosate was sprayed to beggarweed, the maximum foliar damage was observed 19% at 22°C or 35°C and 23% at 95% RH. Bioefficacy results were similar to 14 C-glyphosate translocation at 22°C and 95% RH. The results indicated that temperature or RH influenced the absorption process of glyphosate and the optimum temperature and relative humidity for Desmodium control were 22°C and 95% RH.
Active-site peptides of acetylcholinesterase of Electrophorus electricus: labelling of His-440 by 1-bromo-[2-14C]pinacolone and Ser-200 by tritiated diisopropyl fluorophosphate

To characterize the structure of the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the electric organ of E. electricus, we identified sites of incorporation of two active-site affinity labels, [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate ([3H]DFP), and 1-bromo-2-[14C]pinacolone ([14C]BrPin). AChE was isolated, purified, inactivated and digested with trypsin, and peptides containing 3H or 14C were purified by reverse-phase HPLC and characterized by N-terminal sequence analysis. [3H]DFP, labelling Ser-200, was found in a single peptide, QVTIFGESAGAASVGMHLLSPDSR, 83% identical with the sequence from Thr-193 to Arg-216 deduced for AChE of T. californica, with Gln, Ala, Leu, and Asp in place of Thr-193, Gly-203, Ile-210 and Gly-214, respectively, and 87% identical with that from bovine and human brain AChEs. Inactivation by [14C]BrPin led to two radioactive peptides. One, ASNLVWPEWMGVIHGYEIEFVFGLPLEK, was 96% identical with that extending from Ala-427 to Lys-454 of T. californica. Release of 14C in cycle 14 established reaction of [14C]BrPin with active-site His-440, protected by 5-trimethylammonio-2-pentanone (TAP). The other peptide, LLXVTENIDDAER, 77% homologous with that of T. californica extending from Leu-531 to Arg-543, had label associated with the third cycle, not protected by TAP, corresponding to Asn-533. The slow inactivation of eel AChE by reaction of [14C]BrPin at His-440 contrasts with that of AChE from T. nobiliana, where it reacts rapidly with a free cysteine, Cys-231, not present in eel AChE. For both AChEs, inactivation by BrPin prevents subsequent reaction with [3H]DFP, and prior inactivation by DFP does not prevent reactions with [14C]BrPin.
L’industriel du médicament face aux effets indésirables des médicaments

Resume Le developpement des nouveaux medicaments est un processus long, couteux et hasardeux quant au resultat final. Pendant les premieres etapes non cliniques, les molecules identifiees comme des candidats potentiels passent d’abord a travers le crible de la toxicologie, permettant d’eliminer les produits les plus toxiques mais aussi d’identifier les organes « cibles » eventuels. Puis viennent les phases cliniques, ou la connaissance de la tolerance du produit ne cessera de s’affiner avec la detection des effets indesirables les plus frequents (entre 1 % et 1 ‰). Au moment de l’autorisation de mise sur le marche, en raison du nombre limite et de la nature selective des patients inclus dans les essais cliniques, le profil de securite du produit est etabli a partir des effets indesirables les plus frequents. En Europe, depuis novembre 2005, la Pharmacovigilance s’est vue completee d’un nouveau dispositif reglementaire, les plans de gestions de risque destines a mieux anticiper, voire de minimiser les risques importants averes ou potentiels ou de mieux renseigner les populations non etudiees pendant les essais cliniques. Le concept est base sur la reduction des risques tout au long de la vie d’un produit au moyen d’actions specifiques strategiques en plus de l’information produit et ce afin d’optimiser son rapport benefice risque. Les industriels vont desormais investir considerablement dans l’accompagnement des medicaments sur le marche, en favorisant leur bon usage et leur securite d’emploi et comme ils ont ete les acteurs du developpement clinique il y a quelques annees ils pourraient le devenir pour ce nouveau paradigme qu’est le developpement post-AMM.
Nonabsorbing-mirror (NAM) CDH-LOC diode lasers

CDH-LOC lasers with lateral and transverse mode control in nonabsorbing mirror regions are realised by a single etch-and-regrowth cycle. The maximum achieved peak-pulsed output power (100 ns) and catastrophic-optical-damage (power-density) levels are 1.5 W and (20–30) MW/cm2, respectively. A linear power density of 200 mW/μm is reached at catastrophic damage. Fundamental-mode operation is obtained to 80 mW in narrow beams (θ∥≅7°; θ⟂≅15°).
Chemistry of the Drone Honey Bee Reproductive System. II. Carbohydrates in the Reproductive Organs and Semen

Three sugars—fructose, glucose, and trehalose—are found in the free form in all the main anatomical areas of the reproductive system, occurring in considerably greater quantities in drones leaving the hive than in drones returning from flight. These carbohydrates are also found in the hemolymph, and there is probably a relationship between their levels there and in the reproductive organs. The same sugars are also found in the ejaculated semen, occurring almost exclusively in the seminal plasma; fructose is rapidly metabolized in seminal ejaculates. The ejaculated semen also contains several metal ions, including iron, magnesium, copper, calcium, manganese, and sodium.
AN EMPIRICALLY DEVELOPED SYSTEM FOR THE SELECTION OF COMPUTER INPUT DEVICES FORUSERS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES

Three experiments compared the speed and accuracy of item selection from two types of hierarchical pop-up menus (click-open & walking). These menus are perceptually equivalent, but require very different action sequences to make selections from them. Two ways in which the action sequences differ involve (1) the amount of spatial constraint in the movement path, and (2) the position of the mouse button during the movement. The present results show that selection from click-open menus is faster and less error-prone than selection from walking menus. This disagrees with the Keystroke-Level Model of Card, Moran, and Newell (1983).
Is the local supercluster a physical association

A quantitative measure of the degree of concentration of a sample of galaxies toward any great circle is described and applied to the Shapley-Ames and de Vaucouleurs catalogs of bright galaxies as well as to computer-simulated catalogs of galaxies. It is found that the observed distribution can be explained as the combined result of obscuration by our Galaxy, purely local clustering on angular scales of less than about 10 deg, and our proximity to a rather large and populous cluster, the Virgo cluster. In order for this interpretation to be correct, the Virgo cluster must have a mean angular radius of the order of or greater than 15 deg. This interpretation is supported by recent measurements which do not indicate any large inhomogeneities in the motions of nearby galaxy clusters and which show that the mean recessional velocity of the Virgo cluster is consistent with a uniform Hubble expansion. If the present interpretation is correct, it may be possible to determine the Hubble constant directly from measurements of individual distance indicators (such as H II regions and the brightest stars) with distance moduli less than about 32.
Electroweak corrections to the supersymmetric charged Higgs boson fermionic decay.

One-loop radiative corrections to the charged Higgs boson coupling to two fermions and to the charged Higgs boson fermionic decay are studied. The renormalization scheme used includes the definition of the parameter tan[beta] through the coupling of the [ital CP]-odd Higgs boson to a charged lepton pair. Loops including top and bottom quarks and squarks are considered using the unitary gauge. Large (scheme-dependent) corrections to the coupling are found when there is substantial mixing in the squark mass matrix, but these corrections are suppressed in the decay rate. Interesting applications to rare processes are discussed.
Ionic transport in ferroelectrics

Abstract Ionic conductivity in ferroelectric oxides having the perovskite structure is reviewed. Depending on the compound, doping levels, and equilibration conditions, ionic transport numbers approaching unity have been observed under equilibium conditions. The ionic conductivity decreases with decreasing temperature with an activation energy of about 1 eV over the entire measured temperature range of 1000-60°C. This is attributed to the activation energy of the oxygen vacancy mobility. The p-type conductivity decreases somewhat less rapidly for both equilibrium and quenched conditions. Evidence is presented that suggests that the initial leakage current contains a substantial ionic component under device use conditions. Subsequent time-dependent behavior is critically dependent on whether or not the electrodes are blocking to oxygen.
Development and test of electromechanical actuators for thrust vector control

A road map of milestones toward the goal of a full scale Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor/Flight Support Motor (RSRM/FSM) hot fire test is discussed. These milestones include: component feasibility, full power system demonstration, SSME hot fire tests, and RSRM hot fire tests. The participation of the Marshall Space Flight Center is emphasized.
Systems of predicative analysis, II: Representations of ordinals

The eventual purpose of this paper is to provide certain specific representations of ordinals and develop their basic properties as needed for the proofs of the results announced in [3]. Since the choice of these representations is really intelligible only if the general principles involved are made explicit, we devote the first half of this paper (??1 and 2) to such questions. The entire treatment is self-contained. Precise definitions of the notions employed will be given in the text. The general idea is to deal with representations corresponding to finite sequences T = of ordinal functions with a finite (possibly 0) number of arguments. The representations themselves are given in a formal symbolism containing symbols 0 and fl, * * *, fn, where fi has the same number of arguments as wt. The assignment 0 -+0, f1 -> p, determines the representation for each (variable free) term of an ordinal in the closure under ' starting with 0, denoted by Cl;(Cl;(O) in the text).
A Bipartite Substrate Recognition Motif for Cyclin-dependent Kinases

Abstract Cy or RXL motifs have been previously shown to be cyclin binding motifs found in a wide range of cyclin-Cdk interacting proteins. We report the first kinetic analysis of the contribution of a Cy motif on a substrate to phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases. For both cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin E-Cdk2 enzymes, the presence of a Cy motif decreased the K m(peptide) 75–120-fold while the k cat remained unchanged. The large effect of the Cy motif on theK m(peptide) suggests that the Cy motif and (S/T)PX(K/R) together constitute a bipartite substrate recognition sequence for cyclin-dependent kinases. Systematic changes in the length of the linker between the Cy motif and the phosphoacceptor serine suggest that both sites are engaged simultaneously to the cyclin and the Cdk, respectively, and eliminate a “bind and release” mechanism to increase the local concentration of the substrate. PS100, a peptide containing a Cy motif, acts as a competitive inhibitor of cyclin-Cdk complexes with a 15-fold lowerK i for cyclin E-Cdk2 than for cyclin A-Cdk2. These results provide kinetic proof that a Cy motif located a minimal distance from the SPXK is essential for optimal phosphorylation by Cdks and suggest that small chemicals that mimic the Cy motif would be specific inhibitors of substrate recognition by cyclin-dependent kinases.
Invariant angular functions for a production reaction involving spinless particles

Abstract In the partial wave analysis, either non-relativistic or relativistic, of a reaction with two incoming and three outgoing particles, all spinless, and in the theory of atriple angular correlations, a certain class of invariant functions involving three spherical harmonics occur. In each case one seeks an explicit statement of the dependence of the functions on the angles between the three vector arguments of the harmonics. Methods for obtaining this dependence are developed and a tabulation of results for the invariant functions of low order is made.
Oral treatment for jaundice using immobilized bilirubin oxidase.

: Jaundice is characterized by an excessive accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and tissues. A novel approach to reduce plasma levels of bilirubin by blocking its enterohepatic circulation was investigated. The treatment consisted of oral administration of immobilized bilirubin oxidase, which could oxidize bilirubin in the intestine to less toxic and more water-soluble products. In vivo administration of 0.1 to 2.0 mg/day of immobilized enzyme over a four-day period to chronically jaundiced Gunn rats effectively lowered plasma bilirubin levels, but only when the molar ratio of total serum bilirubin to rat serum albumin (BIRSA) was larger than 0.35. Plasma bilirubin concentration decreased in that group from an initial value of 11.3 to 6.3 mg/dl (–40%, n = 5) after eight days. This decrease was statistically significant (p < 0.05 by Student's rtest). However, administration of bilirubin oxidase to rats with a B/RSA ratio less than 0.35 (n = 10) resulted in no statistically significant change in plasma bilirubin concentration.
An Emerging Class of Volatile Organic Compound Sorbents: Friedel−Crafts Modified Polystyrenes. 1. Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance in Aqueous- and Vapor-Phase Applications

In the first of a two-part series on Friedel−Crafts modified polystyrene (FCMPS), synthesis and characterization of FCMPS are described, including aqueous- and vapor-phase sorption equilibrium isotherms. The effect of synthesis variables on the final polymer properties was studied, including the choice of the cross-linking agent, percent divinylbenzene (DVB) in the poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) (PSDVB) starting polymer, percent total cross-linking, and polymer concentration. The most effective volatile organic compound (VOC) sorbent is formed when the FCMPS is synthesized at 100% “theoretical” cross-linking with chloromethyl methyl ether or chloromethyl ethyl ether using a lightly cross-linked starting PSDVB (<2.5% DVB). Both the anomalous swelling behavior and significant absorption contributions to VOC sorption were verified for FCMPS. An alternative explanation for the swelling behavior is proposed. Part 2 of the series compares custom-synthesized FCMPS and commercial sorbents, including detailed isothe...
Effects of planting date on seasonal patterns of nitrogen assimilation and partitioning by two soybean cultivars

Abstract Delayed planting consistently reduces grain yields by soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Grain yield of soybeans is thought to be influenced by the duration of seedfill which in turn is influenced by remobilization of N from vegetative tissue. A field study was conducted during two growing seasons in Urbana IL. to evaluate the effect of planting date on N accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization by soybean cultivars ‘Williams 79’ and ‘Corsoy 79’. Soybeans were planted in mid‐May or mid‐June of 1982 and 1983. Tissue samples including abscised material, were collected at R1, R5, R7, and R8 and separated into seeds, pods, stems, leaflets and petioles for N analysis. Kjeldahl plant N prior to seedfill was generally greater in Williams 79 than Corsoy 79; however, the latter stored more N per unit biomass to partially compensate for reductions in total biomass. Cultivar differences in vegetative N were more pronounced with delayed planting. Water stress during 1983 reduced total leaf N levels at ...
Petrologic and age constraints on the origin of a low‐pressure/high‐temperature metamorphic complex, southern Alaska

The interrelationships between metamorphism, deformation, magma intrusion, and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology were determined for a low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphic complex which formed from an accretionary prism in the Chugach Mountains, southern Alaska. Compressional deformation, which first produced south verging folds and associated thrusts, was followed by magma intrusion and development of north verging folds. Synmetamorphic southward directed thrusting of metamorphosed flysch over flysch produced increased load in the footwall, as documented by the distribution of mineral assemblages and by pressure-temperature modeling of garnet growth. The initial heating to the greenschist facies may have been accomplished by a combination of advective heating from aqueous fluids and of conductive heating from subducted young oceanic crust. Regionally developed amphibolite facies metamorphism followed intrusion of felsic sills. The peak metamorphic conditions derived from geothermobarometry, mineral assemblages, and fluid inclusions ranged from 400° to 600°C at a depth of ∼10 km. The increased heat from associated synmetamorphic concordant felsic sills raised the ambient temperatures to produce a regional distribution of andalusite and cordierite with a core zone of sillimanite-bearing migmatites. Subsequent cooling was initially rapid (≈55°C/Ma) to ∼350°C based on 40Ar/39Ar dates of 53 Ma for hornblende and 50 Ma for biotite and may have slowed to ∼11°C/Ma until 200°C based on an 40Ar/39Ar date of 35 Ma for plagioclase. Intrusions of felsic sills and at least one pluton were along the initially north dipping foliations associated with south verging folds. This suggests the source region for the melts may have been downdip in the subduction zone rather than from directly below within the accretionary prism.
T-cell subpopulations and colorectal cancer.

IN A RECENT ARTICLE, "Immunologic Conditions and Infectious Complications in Colon and Rectal Surgery for Neoplasms" published in the April 1990 issue of Diseases of the Colon ~ Rec tum, Fragapane et al. evaluated the immunocompetence and rate of postoperative sepsis in 21 patients with colorectal cancer 48 hours before and 8 days after operation. Dermal delayed hypersensitivity was measured using the techniques of Champault and the Merieux Institute. 1 Additionally, peripheral T-cell subpopulations were determined using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Skin tests deemed 52.4 percent of patients anergic by Mereux criteria and 42.8 percent anergic by Champault criteria. Postoperatively, these figures increased to 71.4 percent and 61.8 percent, respectively. Overall, five patients developed infectious complications: 60 percent of these patients were anergic. Preoperative T-cell studies revealed that circulating T cells were exclusively of the CD4 type (Leu-3a+; OKT4+): T ampliphier-inductor (helper) cells. Postoperatively, there was an overall lymphocytosis of all cell lines. Large granular cells-non T lymphocyte natural killer/killer cells (Leu-11 c+) showed the greatest quantitative increase. The HNK1 (Leu-7 +) large granular cell (natural killer cells), however,
DOTA α‐Melanocyte‐Stimulating Hormone Analogues for Imaging Metastatic Melanoma Lesions

Scintigraphic imaging of metastatic melanoma lesions requires highly tumor-specific radiopharmaceuticals. Because both melanotic and amelanotic melanomas overexpress melanocortin-1 receptors (MC1R), radiolabeled analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) are potential candidates for melanoma diagnosis. Here, we report the in vivo performance of a newly designed octapeptide analogue, [betaAla(3), Nle(4), Asp(5), D-Phe(7), Lys(10)]-alpha-MSH(3-10) (MSH(OCT)), which was conjugated through its N-terminal amino group to the metal chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) to enable incorporation of radiometals (e.g., indium-111) into the peptide. DOTA-MSH(OCT) displayed high in vitro MC1R affinity (IC(50) 9.21 nM). In vivo [(111)In]DOTA-MSH(OCT) exhibited a favorable biodistribution profile after injection in B16-F1 tumorbearing mice. The radiopeptide was rapidly cleared from blood through the kidneys and, most importantly, accumulated preferentially in the melanoma lesions. Lung and liver melanoma metastases could be clearly imaged on tissue section autoradiographs 4 h after injection of [(111)In]DOTA-MSH(OCT). A comparative study of [(111)In]DOTA-MSH(OCT) with [(111)In]DOTA-[Nle(4), D-Phe(7)]-alpha-MSH ([(111)In]-DOTA-NDP-MSH) demonstrated the superiority of the DOTA-MSH(OCT) peptide, particularly for the amount of radioactivity taken up by nonmalignant organs, including bone, the most radiosensitive tissue. These results demonstrate that [(111)In]DOTA-MSH(OCT) is a promising melanoma imaging agent.
Effect of social desirability bias and memory recall on reported contributions to a wildlife income tax checkoff program

Abstract In this study of contributors and noncontributors to New York's “Return a Gift To Wildlife'’ tax checkoff program, mail survey responses reporting contributions to the program could be validated with tax records. Evidence was found of memory‐recall errors and social desirability bias. The degree of bias was estimated to exceed twice the current contribution rate. Sociodemographic characteristics and participation in wildlife‐related activities affected the degree of social desirability bias. A model was proposed that used these variables to distinguish those who misreported contributing from actual contributors. A question eliciting future intention to perform a socially desirable act (i.e., contributing in the coming year) apparently results in an even stronger social desirability bias than factual statements of past behavior. Thus, using validated information yields a more realistic estimate of future contribution potential.