cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Convolutional Neural Networks for Subjective Face Attributes

Abstract Describable visual facial attributes are now commonplace in human biometrics and affective computing, with existing algorithms even reaching a sufficient point of maturity for placement into commercial products. These algorithms model objective facets of facial appearance, such as hair and eye color, expression, and aspects of the geometry of the face. A natural extension, which has not been studied to any great extent thus far, is the ability to model subjective attributes that are assigned to a face based purely on visual judgments. For instance, with just a glance, our first impression of a face may lead us to believe that a person is smart, worthy of our trust, and perhaps even our admiration — regardless of the underlying truth behind such attributes. Psychologists believe that these judgments are based on a variety of factors such as emotional states, personality traits, and other physiognomic cues. But work in this direction leads to an interesting question: how do we create models for problems where there is only measurable behavior? In this paper, we introduce a convolutional neural network-based regression framework that allows us to train predictive models of crowd behavior for social attribute assignment. Over images from the AFLW face database, these models demonstrate strong correlations with human crowd ratings.
Book Review: Library as Publisher: New Models for Scholarly Communication for a New Era

Library as Publisher: New Models for Scholarly Communication for a New Era written by Sarah Kalikman Lippincott explores the role of libraries as publishers.
Turkey's attempts to improve its reputation during the making of the post-war Turkish-American rapprochment (1945–1950)

ABSTRACTMaking use of archival material and newspapers, this article argues that Turkish concerns over reputation played a central role for Turkey in the making of the post-War Turkish-American rap...
Loading Capacities for Uranium, Plutonium, and Neptunium in High Caustic Nuclear Waste Storage Tanks Containing Selected Sorbents

AbstractTo evaluate the nuclear criticality safety in a typical nuclear waste storage tank, a study was initiated to measure the affinity of granular solids for plutonium, neptunium, and uranium from synthetic salt solutions and actual nuclear waste supernatant liquor. Granular solids such as activated carbon, hematite, and sodium phosphates, if present as sludge components in nuclear waste storage tanks, have been found to be capable of precipitating/sorbing actinides like plutonium, neptunium, and uranium from nuclear waste storage tank supernatant liquor.Our results show that the removal of plutonium and neptunium from simulants by tank solid sludge components may be due to the presence of the activated carbon and metal oxides. Thus, the potential may exist for the accumulation of fissile materials in nuclear waste storage tanks containing trace levels of these radionuclides during lengthy nuclear waste storage and processing.
Understanding the lithium deficient LixNiyMnzCo1-y-zO2 (x < 1) cathode materials structure

Abstract Recent works on lithium deficient LixNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (x O bonding spinel phase peak detected around 630 cm−1 and found much higher intensity for NMC111 compared to the NMC622 and NMC811. It concludes that the formation of trace spinel phase in lithium deficient NMC materials is not due to cation mixing which mostly discussed in such a high nickel content cathode materials.
Economics of Genetic Testing for Diabetes

Monogenic diabetes is an uncommon but important form of diabetes, with the most common causes benefitting from management that accounts for the genetic mutation. This often results in decreased costs and treatment burden for affected individuals. Misdiagnosis as type 1 and type 2 diabetes is common. Given the significant burden of diabetes costs to the healthcare system, it is important to assess the economic impact of incorporating genetic testing for monogenic diabetes into clinical care through formal cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs). This article briefly summarizes the barriers to timely monogenic diabetes diagnosis and then summarizes findings from CEAs on genetic testing for monogenic diabetes. CEAs have shown that routine genetic testing of all patients with a clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes can be cost-saving when applied to the scenarios of neonatal diabetes or in a pediatric population. Routine screening has not been shown to be cost-effective in adult populations. However, next-generation sequencing strategies and applying biomarkers to identify and limit genetic testing to people most likely to have monogenic diabetes are promising ways to make testing strategies cost-effective. CEAs have shown that genetic testing for monogenic diabetes diagnosis can be cost-effective or cost-saving and should guide insurers to consider broader coverage of these tests, which would lead to accurate and timely diagnosis and impact treatment and clinical outcomes.
Efficient Fourier basis particle simulation

Abstract The standard particle-in-cell algorithm suffers from grid heating. There exists a gridless alternative which bypasses the deposition step and calculates each Fourier mode of the charge density directly from the particle positions. We show that a gridless method can be computed efficiently through the use of an Unequally Spaced Fast Fourier Transform (USFFT) algorithm. After a spectral field solve, the forces on the particles are calculated via the inverse USFFT (a rapid solution of an approximate linear system) [1] , [2] . We provide one and two dimensional implementations of this algorithm with an asymptotic runtime of O ( N p + N m D log ⁡ N m D ) for each iteration, identical to the standard PIC algorithm (where N p is the number of particles, N m is the number of Fourier modes, and D is the spatial dimensionality of the problem). We demonstrate superior energy conservation and reduced noise, as well as convergence of the energy conservation at small time steps.
Fuzzy Prediction in Linear Regression

From the previous chapter we have our fuzzy regression $$\overline y \left( x \right) = \overline a + \overline b \left( {x - \overline x } \right) $$ (23.1) equation for \(\overline y \left( x \right)\), with \(\overline a \) and \(\overline b \) fuzzy numbers and x and \(\overline x \) real numbers. \(\overline y \left( x \right)\) is our fuzzy number estimator for the mean of Y (E(Y)) given x, and we show this dependence on x with the notation \(\overline y \left( x \right)\). Now \(\overline x \) is a fixed real number but we may choose new values for x to predict new fuzzy values for E(Y).
Patterned Neuronal Activities Dictate Cell Type-specific Axon Regeneration

Injured neurons exhibit cell type-specific axon regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Two subtypes of Drosophila sensory neurons show distinct regenerative competence. Here, we show that axotomy induces long-lasting burst firing and Ca2+ spikes specifically in the regenerative subtype. Genetic silencing of firing in the regenerative subtype inhibits regeneration. Optogenetic stimulation of the non-regenerative subtype reveals that activity patterns critically determine regeneration; burst firing triggers Ca2+ spikes and suffices to induce regeneration, while tonic firing fails to induce Ca2+ spikes and regeneration. We further show the L-type Ca2+ channel, Dmca1D, regulates Ca2+ spikes and regeneration. Intriguingly, the regenerative neuronal subtype expresses higher levels of Dmca1D, and overexpression of Dmca1D in the non-regenerative subtype facilitates regeneration. Our studies indicate that injury induces cell type-specific neuronal activities, which act through Ca2+ spikes to govern regeneration, and suggest that precise control of neuronal activity patterns is an effective way to promote regeneration.
Commercial Farming In (and Around) the City

Not every urban farmer sets out to feed the world, turn a broken neighborhood into a family, or establish a crusading beachhead on the shores of industrial agriculture. Many, in common with farmers in all times and places, just want to make a living, possibly even a profit, by growing and selling food. Farming started out as a business, and certainly can be still. This chapter will take a look at some commercial urban farms, with special attention to the instructions for following in their footsteps.
Contribution to the Knowledge of the Balkan Lepidoptera: Nocturnal Lepidoptera of Western Serbia (Lepidoptera)

Here are presented all data of the authors from five nights collecting in western Serbia at four localities. 401 species collected at light from 13 families are reported. Six species: Catoptria pauperellus (Treitschke, 1832), Macaria wauaria (Linnaeus, 1758), Charissa ambiguata (Duponchel, 1830), Charissa graecaria (Staudinger, 1871), Colostygia aptata (Hubner, 1813) and Eupithecia pimpinellata (Hubner, 1813) are new for Serbia. Seven other species are reported for a second time for the country. With illustrations of moths and their genitalia.
Nanomedicine in Cancer

This chapter provides a broad overview of the applications of nanotechnology in cancer medicine. The fundamental physics and chemistry of different classes of nanoparticles are first described to detail the origin of their useful emergent properties in the context of current needs in cancer medicine and standard clinical practices. Specific applications focus on cancer therapeutics, cancer imaging, and in vitro diagnostics. In particular, this chapter describes how nanocrystals exhibit unique and tunable interactions with light and magnetic fields that provide new means to both detect and manipulate tumor tissue. The tunable physical structures of nanomaterials also lead to unique interactions with biomolecules, cells, and tissues that have been instrumental in precisely controlling how drugs distribute in the body and localize to solid tumors. Emphasis is given to the potential benefits of theranostic materials that pair therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities to predict and monitor the progress of therapy.
Interactivity Can Enhance the Effectiveness of Threat Appeals: Implications for Preventive Health Websites.

Interactive health websites where threat appeals are incorporated have become a popular strategy to engage users in preventive health behaviors. The current study examines how website interactivity...
Energy consumption and charging load profiles from long-haul truck electrification in the United States

The urgent need to decarbonize the transportation sector combined with falling battery prices has spurred industry and policy interest in long-haul truck electrification. The charging behavior and resulting loads from electrified long-haul freight trucks are crucial for the smooth operation of the electric grid and have far-reaching environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas and other air pollutant emissions). However, the aggregate energy impact of a fleetwide shift to electrified long-haul freight trucking has not been explored. This study combines electric truck design scenarios, bottom-up truck weight modeling, vehicle energy modeling, large-scale truck traffic data, and simulation of likely operation and charging behaviors to estimate end-use energy consumption and location-explicit hourly charging loads for a national fleet of long-haul electric trucks. Relative to a fleet of future diesel trucks, electrification would reduce direct end-use energy consumption by 0.9×1018 joules (0.9 quadrillion BTU), but electrification might increase life cycle energy consumption depending on the electricity source. The electricity required to charge long-haul electric trucks is equivalent to five percent of annual electricity consumption in the United States (U.S.). The simulated truck charging loads peak during the day across the U.S. grid regions, but the charging peaks' exact timing is sensitive to when trucks are dispatched for operation. The load shapes suggest that electric trucks' charging loads can coincide with peaks in solar power generation, and planning could enable on- or off-site integration between truck charging stations and renewable electricity generation.
Vegetation recovery after the 1976 páramo tire in Chirripó National Park, Costa Rica

En Marzo de 1976, un incendio de grandes proporciones quemo el paramo dominado por bambu y arbustos d e l Parque Nacional Chirripo. Las prediciones de danos irreversibles que se hicieron cuando el fuego tuvo lugar no parecen haberse cumplido. Un estudio realizado en 1985 revelo que la vegetacion se recupera, aunque muy lentamente. La composicion del paramo ha cambiado, porque las diferentes especies lenosas respondieron diferentemente al fuego. Es notable un aumento en la importancia relativa del bambu Swallenochloa subtessellata y el arbusto Vaccinium consanguineum a costa del arbusto Hypericum irazuense. Despues de nueve anos de regeneracion, Swallenochloa subtessellata habia recuperado su estatura original promedio, pero todavia se observaron areas sin cubierta de vegetacion en el sitio de estudio. Evidencias historicas y fosiles revelan que el incendio de 1976 fue solo uno mas en una larga serie de este tipo de eventos en el macizo de Chirripo.
Ideal Discrimination of Discrete Clinical Endpoints Using Multilocus Genotypes

Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) is a method for the classification and prediction of discrete clinical endpoints using attributes constructed from multilocus genotype data. Empirical studies with both real and simulated data suggest that MDR has good power for detecting gene-gene interactions in the absence of independent main effects. The purpose of this study is to develop an objective, theory-driven approach to evaluate the strengths and limitations of MDR. To accomplish this goal, we borrow concepts from ideal observer analysis used in visual perception to evaluate the theoretical limits of classifying and predicting discrete clinical endpoints using multilocus genotype data. We conclude that MDR ideally discriminates between low risk and high risk subjects using attributes constructed from multilocus genotype data. We also show that the classification approach used once a multilocus attribute is constructed is similar to that of a na ¨ ove Bayes classifier. This study prov ides a theoretical foundation for the continued development, evaluation, and application of MDR as a data mining tool in the domain of statistical genetics and genetic epidemiology.
Next generation space avionics: a highly reliable layered system implementation

Advances in electronics over the past decade have produced major improvements in the power and flexibility of personal computer systems. Unfortunately current avionics systems for space applications typically have not leveraged these COTS advantages. Recently, there has been a trend toward utilization of commercial bus interconnects, primarily VME and PCI. These parallel interconnects have the disadvantage that a single failure can disable an entire string of the redundancy. Honeywell has developed a patent pending architecture for an avionics system that combines the high reliability of previous serial systems with the flexibility and openness of direct COTS bus interface. A decade ago, the state of the art for avionics systems made a step change from the PAVE PILLAR systems of the 1980's to the integrated modular avionics (IMA) used in the Boeing 777. This next generation avionics architecture is not based upon traditional Byzantine redundancy structures, but on a truth based scheme where each element knows when an internal failure occurs and removes itself from the system. IMA utilizes a lock step microprocessor design that communicates to a COTS backplane for input/output, and to a virtual backplane/sup /spl trade// (a reliable, high-speed serial bus such as 1394 or AFDX) for intra-system communication. The system functions are implemented using an ARINC-653 time and space partitioned operating system. The entire system provides the simplicity of a simplex system, implements the highest level of reliability provides complete flexibility to reconfigure both software applications and hardware interfaces, allows for rapid prototyping using low-cost COTS hardware, and is easily expandable beyond the initial point implementation. As the only 5th generation avionics architecture, the concepts incorporated into Honeywell's IMA are ideally suited to be the backbone of the next generation Crew Exploration Vehicle for Project Constellation.
Sedimentary facies in the fluvial-dominated Åre formation as seen in the Åre 1 member in the heidrun field

The Are 1 member in the Heidrun Field was deposited in a fluvial to deltaic setting where variations in accommodation space and sediment supply controlled the different sedimentary facies and reservoir properties. It shows an overall transgressive sequence from fluvial plain in the lower part to lower delta plain in the upper part. Fluvial channels and thick coal-bearing floodplain deposits dominate the lower part of the Are 1. Stacked (multi-storey) channels were deposited as a response to relative fall in sea level. These sands have large lateral continuity compared to the meandering (single-storey) channel sands that are more a function of autocyclic processes and are not correctable between wells. The upper part of the Are 1 member is dominated by stacked bay/lake fill sequences and thin, but laterally continuous coals. These represent deposition in a lower delta plain setting where the dominant depositional agents were crevasse channels and splays (crevasse deltas) with subsequent wave reworking in places. The reservoir properties of the Are 1 member are strongly controlled by depositional processes and the sequence stratigraphic framework. Incised valley fill deposits (LST) have large lateral continuity and the internal reservoir properties are very good. The TST deposits are more dominated by thick, coal-bearing, floodplain deposits with no reservoir quality, thin crevasse splays with restricted lateral continuity and limited reservoir properties and single-storey channel sands with very good internal reservoir properties but limited lateral continuity. The individual parasequences in the stacked bay fill sequences (HST) have good lateral continuity but reservoir properties are limited, and the bases of individual bay fill sequences are vertical permeability barriers, at least on a local scale.
Functional studies on B-cell hybridomas with B-cell surface antigens: III. Differentiative response to phorbol esters

Phorbol esters have been shown to induce differentiation of human lymphoid cells into the mature stage. Murine lymphocytes, however, have not been found to be induced the terminal differentiation by these products. In this study, TH2.52, a subclone of B-cell hybridomas between M12.4.1 B lymphoma of BALB/c mice and normal B cells of C57BL/6 (B6) mice was treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and the differentiative effect of TPA was examined. TPA treatment inhibited the spontaneous proliferation of TH2.52 and induced significant IgM secretion by the hybrid. In contrast, M12.4.1 did not develop any IgM secretion when treated with TPA. The differentiative effect of phorbol esters on TH2.52 closely correlated with their tumor-promoting activity. In addition, the differentiative response of TH2.52 to TPA was completely blocked by retinoic acid (RA). Moreover, TH2.52 cells treated with TPA were demonstrated to decrease the expression of Iab, Iad molecules as well as IgM molecules on the cell membrane by analyses of flow microfluorometry (FMF) and quantitative absorption tests. On the other hand, Iad expression of M12.4.1 did not change under the same conditions. The result clearly demonstrates that TH2.52 cells can be induced to differentiate into IgM-secreting cells after treatment with TPA, followed by the decrease in the expression of B-cell surface antigens on the cell membrane.
Statement of Matthew L. M. Fletcher, Michigan State University College of Law and Indigenous Law and Policy Center before the Secretarial Commission on Indian Trust Administration and Reform

I propose three recommendations. Mind you, I am a law professor that has moved away from the day-to-day practice of Indian law, so these are big-picture recommendations: 1. Statutory Recognition of a General Trust Obligation; 2. Statutory Mandate of Consultation and Consent Requirements in Indian Affairs; 3. Renunciation of the Guardian-Ward Relationship.I make these recommendations based on my experience (limited as it may be so far) as Reporter of the Restatement, Third, the Law of American Indians. The American Law Institute is careful to limit its restatement projects to blackletter “restatements” of law. In our first meeting, I learned that to refer to the relationship between Indians and tribes and United States as a “trust responsibility,” “trust obligation,” or “trust duty” is a very contestable reference. Since responsibilities, obligations, and duties are enforceable by a court, to refer to a federal responsibility that is not generally enforceable in court is controversial at best.Moreover, I hope the United States could incorporate many if not all of the operative, substantive provisions of the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. I focus here on the consultation and consent requirements that form the structure of the Declaration.
Using Teachers' Choice of Representations to Understand the Translation of Their Orientation Toward Science Teaching to Their Practice

Representations are an effective tool that chemistry teachers choose to use in their classes to help their students understand abstract concepts. According to the model of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), a teacher’s knowledge of representations is part his/her PCK, which is shaped specifically his/her orientation towards science teaching. Yet, PCK is criticized as focusing on teachers’ knowledge not how their knowledge is translated to their practice. This study used a comparative case study of two secondary chemistry teachers to explore the relationship between the teachers’ choice of the representations used in their practice and their orientation toward science teaching. The study focused on the teachers’ use of representation for a unit on electronic structure and the periodic table, which they both identified as abstract for students. Results of the study indicate that the teachers’ choices of representations were reflective of their orientation toward science teaching. The finding support questioning a teacher about representations as a useful tool for understanding teachers’ PCK as it is translated to practice.
Robust and efficient RLGC extraction for transmission line structures with periodic three-dimensional geometries

A general method is proposed to extract frequency dependent RLGC model from simulated S-parameters for multi-conductor transmission line structures with periodic three-dimensional geometries. It is demonstrated to be robust for both short and long structures and various geometries, and highly efficient for structures with a large number of lines. The method has been tested for transmission line systems with up to 100 lines, which has not been seen in literature. A mode tracking technique is employed to obtain the unique solution for the propagation constant matrix. Equivalent lumped circuit networks are used to ensure extraction accuracy at low frequencies down to DC and provide seamless transition to the general formulation as frequency increases. The Kramers-Kronig relation is applied for causality enforcement and extraction of inductance and capacitance values at infinite frequency.
Computational analysis and performance evaluation of representative wafer scale integration interconnections

The electrical performance of wafer-scale integration interconnections was studied, with an emphasis on the characteristic impedance. The study was based on closed-form expressions, finite difference method models, commercially available microwave circuit analysis software, and a numerical evaluation of the Telegrapher equations. Measurements were conducted on 5-in-diameter test wafers which contained numerous interconnection structures. The results revealed interesting information concerning the driving-point impedances of the structures, the inadequacy of closed-form models for accurate estimation, and the need for more accurate modeling techniques. >
Studies of the Proteins in Human Plasma Very Low Density Lipoproteins

Abstract The protein components of human plasma very low density lipoproteins (Sf g 20) were studied following partial and total delipidation. After the neutral lipids were extracted with heptane, the resulting phospholipid-protein complexes contained at least one immunochemical reactant different from the major apoproteins of high density and low density lipoproteins. Purification required total delipidation with ethanol-ether, gel filtration, and diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography. Two proteins were then isolated that differed from the proteins of high density or low density lipoproteins, and their purity was established by immunochemical analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One of these had γ mobility, NH2-terminal threonine, COOH-terminal valine, and no tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, or cystine. The second, α2-migrating protein had NH2-terminal serine, COOH-terminal alanine, and no isoleucine, cysteine, or cystine. These two proteins constituted approximately half of the total protein in very low density lipoprotein.
Thirty-day Hospital Readmissions in Patients with Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Background Limited data exist about relatively recent trends in the magnitude and characteristics of patients who are rehospitalized shortly after admission for a non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). This observational study describes decade-long trends (1999-2009) in the magnitude and characteristics of patients readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of hospitalization for an incident (initial) episode of NSTEMI. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 2249 residents of the Worcester (Mass) metropolitan area who were hospitalized for an initial NSTEMI in 6 biennial periods between 1999 and 2009 at 3 central Massachusetts medical centers. Results The average age of our study population was 72 years, 90% were white, and 46% were women. The proportion of patients who were readmitted to the hospital for any cause within 30 days after discharge for an NSTEMI remained unchanged between 1999 and 2009 (approximately 15%) in both crude and multivariable adjusted analyses. Slight declines were observed for cardiovascular disease-related 30-day readmissions over the 10-year study period. Women, elderly patients, those with multiple chronic comorbidities or a prolonged index hospitalization, and patients who developed heart failure during their index hospitalization were at higher risk for being readmitted within 30 days than respective comparison groups. Conclusion Thirty-day hospital readmission rates after hospital discharge for a first NSTEMI remained stable between 1999 and 2009. We identified several groups at higher risk for hospital readmission; further surveillance efforts and/or tailored educational and treatment approaches remain needed for these groups.
Electricity Production with Electricigens

This chapter discusses the microbiology of microbial fuel cells with emphasis on fuel cells powered by electricigens. Electricity production with electricigens is significantly different from that of other types of microorganisms. The ability of electricigens to directly transfer electrons to the anode surface also alleviates the need for unstable, and potentially toxic, mediators. The fact that, as far as is known, there has been no evolutionary pressure on microorganisms to produce electricity suggests that electricigens may not be optimized for electricity production. Introducing genes to increase production of the outer surface cytochrome, OmcS, or pilin did not show increased power production. Geobacter species are capable of accepting electrons from electrodes poised at low potential for the reduction of various electron acceptors. Geobacter-catalyzed reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) at electrode surfaces can precipitate uranium contamination from groundwater, precipitating U(IV) on the electrode. Of the microorganisms known to contribute to electricity production in microbial fuel cells, only electricigens offer the possibility of highly efficient, self-sustaining conversion of waste organic matter and renewal biomass to electricity. However, the study of electricity production with electricigens is clearly in its infancy.
Evidence for DNA Synthesis in Pneumocystis carinii Trophozoites Treated with the β‐1,3‐Glucan Synthesis Inhibitor Pneumocandin L‐693,989

Pneumocandins inhibit beta-1,3-glucan synthesis preventing the development of Pneumocystis cysts that are absent from the lungs of treated rats. To determine whether treated trophozoites are capable of DNA replication, cytochemical analyses were performed on 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)- and DB181-stained Pneumocystis carinii isolated from pneumocandin L-693-989-treated rats. Fluorescence intensities of trophozoite nuclei from drug-treated rats were greater than those of untreated controls, suggesting that DNA replication was not inhibited but that cytokinesis and perhaps karyokinesis were blocked.
Trends in mobile satellite technology

Demand for sophisticated personal communication services has changed communications satellite design. Satellites have moved closer to the Earth to improve communication speed and enable personal communication services. However, in so doing, they require more computing resources and more sophisticated protocols to handle intersatellite communications. This article examines the trends in communications satellite deployment and the resulting requirements for network protocols that are intended to support space communications. It reports the findings of a joint DoD/NASA effort to identify what parts of the seven-layer OSI protocol model can be adapted to support more sophisticated space applications.
The validity and reliability of pain measures in adults with cancer.

To be most useful, clinical trials of cancer pain treatments should use pain measures that are both reliable and valid. A great variety of measures are now available that may be used to assess cancer pain. However, there are not yet any clear guidelines for selecting one or more measures over the others. The purpose of this article is to summarize the evidence concerning the validity and reliability of cancer pain measures. One hundred sixty-four articles were identified that provided psychometric data of pain measures among patients with cancer. The results indicate that commonly used single-item ratings of pain intensity are all valid and adequately reliable as measures of pain intensity, although some scales appear to be easier for patients with cancer to understand and to use than others. Multiple-item measures of pain intensity are reliable, but evidence concerning their validity is lacking. There is a paucity of research examining the psychometric properties of measures of cancer pain interference, pain relief, pain site, the temporal aspects of pain, and pain quality. This lack of evidence limits the conclusions that may be drawn concerning the reliability and validity of these other pain measures. Composite measures that combine ratings of pain intensity and pain interference into a single score appear to be both valid and reliable for describing patient popula- tions, although their usefulness in clinical trials may be limited because they can obscure the contributions of intensity and interference to the total score. Proxy measures of cancer pain (pain ratings made by someone other than the patient) may be useful when patients are not able to provide pain ratings, but they should not be used as replacements for patient ratings when patient self-report measures are available. The discussion includes specific recommendations for selecting from among the available pain measures, as well as recommendations for future research into the
“Not Ready to Make Nice” The Politics of Identity and Why Union Voters Wanted a Class Champion in 2008

This article is based on a political survey of 600 members of the United Steelworkers (USW) in three battleground states (Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania) and focus group interviews with USW local leadership and activist members. The focus of the research is on assessing union member perceptions of the three top candidates from the 2008 presidential primaries (Hillary Clinton, Barrack Obama, and John McCain) and how these perceptions were influenced by race, class, and gender. The survey provided data on how respondents voted during the primary and on their issue positions, with particular attention to the issues they deemed most important in determining their vote. Respondents were also asked about other factors that influenced their vote, including their own demographic profile, union and work backgrounds, and their perspective on personal characteristics of the candidates. Analysis of the survey data and focus group interviews revealed that while race and gender did influence voting behavior, class ide...
An Investigation Into the Diversification–Performance Relationship in the U.S. Property–Liability Insurance Industry

This article investigates the relationship between product diversification and firm performance in the U.S. property-liability insurance industry using data over the 1994 through 2002 time period. Using various measures of product diversification and firm performance, we find that the extent of product diversification shares a complex and nonlinear relationship with firm performance. Our findings suggest that performance benefits associ ated with product diversification are contingent upon an insurer's degree of geographic diversification. Robustness tests using subsamples and market returns for public firms show consistent results.
THE THERMAL INACTIVATION TIME AT 41.5°C. OF THREE STRAINS OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

1. The thermal inactivation time at 41.5°C. of the H. F. and Frank strains of herpes simplex virus, under the conditions described, was 80 hours. 2. A strain of herpes virus recently recovered from a patient treated with a physically induced fever had a thermal inactivation time of 50 hours at 41.5°C. 3. The neurotropic factor of the H. F. and Frank strains of virus was more resistant to a temperature of 41.5°C. than the dermotropic factor. There was little difference in the thermostability of these two factors of the Go strain.
Time-frequency signatures of micro-doppler phenomenon for feature extraction

In this paper, we introduce the concept of micro-Doppler phenomenon. Micro-Doppler induced by mechanical vibrating or rotating of structures in a target is potentially useful for detection, classification and recognition of targets. While the Doppler frequency due to target body is constant, the micro-Doppler due to vibration or rotating structures of a target is a function of the dwell time. This time-varying Doppler signature in the time-frequency domain may provide further information for target detection, classification and recognition.
Radial transport in tubular polymerization reactors

Abstract The importance of radial convective flows in tubular polymerization reactors is examined by analysing a model problem which contains many of the features of an actual tubular reactor. The transport equations for the model problem are simplified using lubrication theory, and a convergent finite-difference method is formulated to obtain solutions to the simplified equation set. The computed solutions show that significant errors can be introduced in the velocity and concentration fields if the radial convective term in the species continuity equation for the monomer is neglected when the ratio of polymer to monomer viscosities is sufficiently large. It is also shown that a fine finite-difference mesh is needed to obtain accurate solutions for high viscosity ratios.
Nasa Synthetic Vision Ege Flight Test

NASA Langley Research Center conducted flight tests at the Eagle County, Colorado airport to evaluate synthetic vision concepts. Three display concepts (size 'A' head-down, size 'X' head-down, and head-up displays) and two texture concepts (photo, generic) were assessed for situation awareness and flight technical error / performance while making approaches to Runway 25 and Runway 07 and simulated engine-out Cottonwood 2 and KREMM departures. The results of the study confirm the retrofit capability of the HUD and Size 'A' SVS concepts to significantly improve situation awareness and performance over current EFIS glass and non-glass instruments for difficult approaches in terrain-challenged environments.
Oxidative metabolism in experimental Bacteriodies fragilis bactermia

Abstract Bacteriodes fragilis has received recent attention as a pathogen in surgical patients. In an effort to assess its pathogenicity, 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent carotid cannulation. With the cannula in the root of the aorta, 14 animals had 1 × 10 10 B. fragilis infused over 30 min with a control receiving only saline. This results in an LD 0 despite the number of bacteria being five times the LD 100 for Escherichia coli . Rats had heart rate, mean arterial pressure, p O 2 , p CO 2 , pH, hematocrit, glucose, and lactate measured very 2 hr. At 6 hr, the hepatic tissue p O 2 was measured with a surface polyelectrode. Paired experimental and control animals were sacrificed at 6 hr, livers were excised and homogenized. Mitochondria were isolated and studied polarographically by measurement of state 3 (ADP-dependent) and state 4 (ADP-independent) respiratory rates. The Respiratory Control Index (RCI) was calculated (state 3/state 4) as a sensitive indicator of mitochondrial oxygen utilization. No hypotension developed in bacteremic rats. Arterial p O 2 , p CO 2 , and pH were essentially unchanged. Blood glucose was unchanged while lactate rose moderately. RCIs of experimental and control mitochondria were similar ( P > 0.05). B. fragilis bacteremia does not produce the changes of mitochondrial respiratory control of E. coli bacteremia or septic peritonitis.
Effect of innovation characteristics on pharmacists' use of written patient medication information.

There is increasing pressure on pharmacists to provide written medication information in patients. Unfortunately, recent evidence indicates that this practice has not yet been extensively adopted. Pharmacists' reluctance can be explained partially by Diffusion of Innovations Theory which states that the characteristics of an innovation (i.e. relative advantage, compatibility with needs, experience and values, complexity and trialability) can affect its rate of adoption within a community. This theory was tested in a group of Michigan community pharmacists who recently purchased medication information sheets developed by the Michigan Pharmacists Association. Results were compared with a randomly selected sample of similar pharmacists who had not yet purchased the kit. Study findings support the theory that the adoption of an innovation (i.e. use of written information) is affected by the adopters' perception of certain innovation characteristics. The most influential factor in the adoption of the written information sheets was the extent that they were compatible with the pharmacists' business needs, professional values, and past experiences with providing written information to patients. The most important deterrent to adoption of the sheets appeared to be the perceived complexity in implementation at the practice site.
Cumene cracking over aluminum-deficient large-port mordenites

Abstract Cumene cracking activities have been measured over a series of acid-leached, large-port hydrogen-exchanged mordenites ranging in alumina content (on anhydrous basis) from 11.2% (commercial Hex-mordenite) to 0.1% Al2O3 at both differential and integral conversions. Although elemental and morphological analyses of the latter material have previously shown it to be of silicic acid composition with a mordenite crystal structure, sufficient Bronsted acid exchange sites remain to produce an active catalyst. Differential conversion results, which are considered more representative of intrinsic cracking activity than those at integral conversion, showed the 0.1% Al2O3 content mordenite to be less active, however, than 1.4, 1.9, and 11.2% alumina catalysts, a fact which is interpreted to mean that Bronsted acid sites are counted either by cracking activities or alumina content in the 0.1 to 1% Al2O3 region. At integral conversions, the initial cracking activity of the 0.1% Al2O3 catalyst approached that of Hex-mordenite, a phenomenon attributed to a limitation on conversion imposed by the rate of mass transfer to the surface of the catalysts. However, in all cases, the 0.1% alumina mordenite had a much lower rate of activity decline than Hex-mordenite and, after a short time on-stream at integral conversion levels, the low alumina material was the more active catalyst. Although the essential nature of the center of catalytic activity, i.e., the Bronsted acid site, did not change as a result of the drastic quantity of alumina removed, the lower density of acid sites in the lowest alumina catalyst reduced the rate of Bronsted catalyzed condensation to higher molecular weight species (capable of blocking micropores) relative to the rate of desorption of these compounds. Helping in this direction of lower fouling rate would be the enhancement of desorption of heavy products as a result of the acid treatment having opened the pore structure.
Risky remote purchasing and identity theft victimization among older Internet users

The low self-control/risky lifestyles perspective posits that people deficient in self-control engage in certain risky behaviors that increase their exposure to motivated offenders in the absence of capable guardianship, which in turn elevates their risk of victimization. Using survey data from telephone interviews conducted in Florida and Arizona with individuals aged 60 and over, the current study tests whether this theoretical framework partially explains risky remote purchasing and identity theft victimization among older Internet users. Results from the two-stage probit models conform to expectations: Individuals with lower levels of self-control have a significantly higher probability of making a purchase after receiving an unsolicited email from a vendor with whom they have not previously done business. What is more, making a risky remote purchase significantly increases the probability of identity theft victimization. The findings not only speak to the generality of the low self-control/risky life...
Specific modification of the condensation domain of fatty acid synthase and the determination of the primary structure of the modified active site peptides

Abstract Fatty acid synthase from the uropygial gland of goose was inactivated by iodoacetamide with a second-order rate constant of 1.3 m −1 s −1 at pH 6.0 and 25 °C. Of the seven component activities of the synthase, only the condensation activity was significantly inhibited by iodoacetamide modification. Since preincubation of the enzyme with acetyl-CoA, but not with malonyl-CoA, protected the enzyme from inactivation by iodoacetamide, it is suggested that iodoacetamide probably modified the primer-binding thiol group at the condensation active site. Determination of the stoichiometry of modification was done using [1- 14 C]iodoacetamide that was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Graphical analysis of the data showed that binding of 1.2 carboxamidomethyl groups per subunit of fatty acid synthase would result in complete inhibition of the enzyme activity, suggesting that there is one condensation domain per subunit of fatty acid synthase. Analysis of the tryptic peptide map of the enzyme that was modified with [1- 14 C]iodoacetamide in the presence and absence of acetyl-CoA revealed that acetyl-CoA prevented the labeling of a major radioactive peptide and a minor radioactive peptide. These two peptides were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis of these two peptides revealed that the major radioactive peptide contained S -carboxymethylcysteine while the minor radioactive peptide did not. However, the latter peptide contained β-alanine, suggesting that this peptide was from the acyl carrier protein segment of fatty acid synthase and that the iodoacetamide treatment resulted in modification of the pantetheine thiol, although to a lower extent than the primer-binding thiol. The sequence of the primer-binding active site peptide from the condensation domain was H 2 NGlyProSerLeuSerIleAspThrAlaCys(carboxamidomethyl) XSerSerLeuMetAlaLeuGluAsnAlaTyrLysCOOH, the first reported sequence of the condensation active site from a vertebrate fatty acid synthase. The acyl carrier protein segment showed extensive sequence homology with the acyl carrier protein of Escherichia coli , particularly in the vicinity of the phosphopantetheine attachment, and the sequence was H 2 NAspValSerSerLeuAsnAlaAspSerThrLeuAla AspLeuGlyLeuAspSer(4′-phosphopante-theine)LeuMetGlyVal GluValArgCOOH.
Aphids from Plant Roots

On several occasions since 1946, reports have been received of injury by root aphids to commercial plantings of tomato and pepper in Delaware. Infested plants examined by the writer always appeared stunted ( i.e., they did not resume normal growth following transplanting); and, as a rule, only relatively small areas of the fields were affected. During 1950 and 1951, a survey was made to obtain information on the importance of this problem and on the species of aphids involved. Various weed and crop plants suspected of harboring aphids on the roots were examined wherever encountered, although most of the collecting was done in and around gardens, or tomato and pepper fields. Plants were dug with a spade or trowel to expose the roots. Aphids and ants associated with them were preserved in vials of 70 percent alcohol. In all, 108 collections were made. From this material, 15 species have been identified. In addition, there are certain forms which cannot be placed with certainty because of their immature condition, or the absence of alates. Notes taken during the survey have been summarized and are presented here with the species concerned. In presenting locality data, the towns are listed from north to south through the State. Collections at each point are arranged chronologically, and all of them are from underground parts of plants unless otherwise stated.
Preparation and properties of erythrocyte-free avian plasmodia.

SummaryBy combining saponin hemolysis with enzymatic digestion at low pH avian Plasmodia have been freed from the enclosing erythrocytes. These free parasites retain their specific morphology so that in stained smears of the erythrocyte-free parasites P. lophurae can be distinguished from P. cathemerium. It is probable that the treatment used kills the parasites but the potential value in experimental malariology of this new method is not necessarily reduced thereby.
X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy of nickel boride catalysts: Correlation of surface states with reaction products in the hydrogenation of acrylonitrile

Abstract X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been employed to characterize the surface of nickel boride hydrogenation catalysts. The data indicate that the surface stoichiometry is identical to the bulk, Ni 2 B. A typical catalyst has a surface composed of a boron oxide and a boride species. The oxide is produced during the preparation of the catalyst as a contaminant overlayer. The oxide : boride ratio is a function of the method of preparation of the catalyst. The oxide is water soluble and is therefore dominant when the catalyst is prepared by precipitation from a 95% ethanol solution. The boride species catalyzes the simple hydrogenation of acrylonitrile to propionitrile while the oxide catalyzes the conversion of acrylonitrile to 3-ethoxypropionitrile via a Michael addition.