cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
[Analysis of multi-minerals in seafoods in Zhejiang Province].

OBJECTIVE To analyze the contents of Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in 33 kinds of marine products, such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and mollusk. METHODS The national standard GB 5009. 268-2016 Determination of multi elements in foods was used for determination. The correlation between multi elements was statistically analyzed. RESULTS The highest level of Ca was found in clam(510. 2 mg/100 g edible), K in mackerel(444. 4 mg/100 g edible), Na in clam(487. 6 mg/100 g edible), Mg in conch(132. 7 mg/100 g edible). The highest level of Fe and Mn was in conch(37. 35 and 2. 6 mg/100 g edible). The highest level of Zn and Cu was in oyster(15. 92 and 8. 58 mg/100 g edible). The correlation analysis showed that Mn-Ca was highly correlated in fish and shrimp(r=0. 9438 and 0. 8585, P < 0. 05), while Cu-Mg, Cu-Zn, Zn-Na were highly correlated in shellfish(r=-0. 9102, 0. 8501 and 0. 8428, P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION There are rich mineral elements in different seafood, which can provide reference for the reasonable diet of residents.
Anticoagulation Failure with Supratherapeutic International Normalized Ratio in Malignancy and Ischemic Stroke (4343)

Objective: The objective is this article to is to understand the anti-coagulation failure and replacement with alternative medication to avoid the systemic venous thrombosis. Background: Cancer-associated venous thrombo-embolism carries a high mortality and morbidity. The adherence to LMWH by the patient has made it a less popular choice and tendency to use the novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The progression of venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) can occur despite being on vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or novel oral anti-coagulant (NOAC). Design/Methods: Case report Results: We present a case of a 78 years old man who was suffering from worsening shortness of breath and cramping lower abdominal pain for last 4 days. The computed tomography (CT) scan of chest showed some pulmonary nodules of 5mm in size and a pancreatic neck mass 3.7 × 3.5 cm with hepatic metastases, ascites, 3.4 cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. Ultrasound Doppler of lower extremities showed echogenic thrombus within the right lower extremity from the common femoral vein through the popliteal vein. The patient was already on warfarin for atrial fibrillation on admission and presented with supra-therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) but without any bleeding event. Later, he developed right upper extremity weakness and left sided hemianopsia that led to computed tomography (CT) angiography of head which showed right occipital acute infarction. Despite transitioning to LMWH from the VKA, the patient suffered from ischemic stroke. The VKA treatment can lead to recurrent thrombosis despite the supra-therapeutic INR with malignancy highlighting an anti-coagulation failure. Conclusions: The patients with supra-therapeutic INR on VKAs prophylaxis can still develop diffuse cancer-associated systemic venous thrombosis and the anticoagulation failure. The use of LMWH or NOACs should be considered for at least 6 months in patients with cancer-associated VTE. Beyond 6 months, NOACs can be considered based on the creatinine clearance of the patient. Disclosure: Dr. Pulivarthi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Assad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zahid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Assad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose.
Analytic quasi-steady evolution of marginally unstable kinetic plasma instabilities in the presence of drag and scattering

The 1D bump-on-tail problem is studied in order to determine the influence of drag on quasi-steady solutions near marginal stability ( 1 − γ d / γ L ≪ 1) when effective collisions are much larger than the instability growth rate ( ν ≫ γ). In this common tokamak regime, it is rigorously shown that the paradigmatic Berk–Breizman cubic equation for the nonlinear mode evolution reduces to a much simpler differential equation, dubbed the time-local cubic equation, which can be solved directly. It is found that in addition to increasing the saturation amplitude, drag introduces a shift in the apparent oscillation frequency by modulating the saturated wave envelope. Excellent agreement is found between the analytic solution for the mode evolution and both the numerically integrated Berk–Breizman cubic equation and fully nonlinear 1D Vlasov simulations. Experimentally isolating the contribution of drag to the saturated mode amplitude for verification purposes is explored but complicated by the reality that the amount of drag cannot be varied independently of other key parameters in realistic scenarios. While the influence of drag is modest when the ratio of effective drag to effective scattering α / ν is very small, it can become substantial when α / ν ≳ 0.5, suggesting that drag should be accounted for in quantitative models of fast-ion-driven instabilities in fusion plasmas.
Centrosomal Enrichment and Proteasomal Degradation of SYS-1/-β-catenin Requires the Microtubule Motor Dynein

The C. elegans Wnt/{beta}-catenin Asymmetry (W{beta}A) pathway utilizes asymmetric regulation of SYS-1/{beta}-catenin and POP-1/TCF coactivators. This differentially regulates gene expression during cell fate decisions, specifically by asymmetric localization of determinants in mother cells to produce daughters biased towards their appropriate cell fate at birth. Despite the induction of asymmetry, {beta}-catenin localizes symmetrically to mitotic centrosomes in both mammals and C. elegans. Due to the mitosis-specific mobility of centrosomal SYS-1 and traffic jam like enrichment of SYS-1 at kinetochore microtubules when SYS-1 centrosomal loading is disrupted, we investigated active trafficking in SYS-1 centrosomal localization. Here, we demonstrate that trafficking by microtubule motor dynein is required to maintain SYS-1 centrosomal enrichment, by dynein RNAi-mediated decreases in SYS-1 centrosomal enrichment and by temperature-sensitive allele of the dynein heavy chain. Conversely, we observe that depletion of microtubules by Nocodazole treatment or RNAi of putative dynein-proteasome adapter ECPS-1 exhibits increased centrosomal enrichment of SYS-1. Moreover, disruptions to SYS-1 or negative regulator microtubule trafficking are sufficient to significantly exacerbate SYS-1 dependent cell fate misspecifications. We propose retrograde microtubule-mediated trafficking enables SYS-1 and negative regulators to enrich at centrosomes, enhancing their interaction and perhaps implicating the centrosome as a mitotic sink for proteins targeted for degradation.
Association of COPD and Asthma COPD Overlap (ACO) with World Trade Center (WTC) occupational exposure intensity

Introduction: Reports and associations of COPD and ACO with WTC occupational exposures have been inconsistent. Using spirometric case definitions, we examined that association in the largest WTC occupational surveillance cohort. Methods: We tested for association between ACO and COPD and early arrival (within 48 hr, when dust and fumes exposures were more intense) at the 2001 WTC disaster site in workers with at least two spirometries between 2002 and 2018. Case definitions of COPD required fixed obstruction, and, for ACO pre-bronchodilator obstruction with >400 ml FEV1 response to bronchodilator. We used a nested 1:4 case-control design matching on sex and height (within 5 cm) using density sampling. We imputed missing data. Results: The study population consisted of 17,996 former WTC workers, predominantly (85.4%) male and overweight or obese (85.6%), of whom 586 (3.3%) and 258 (1.4%) cases met the COPD and ACO case definition, respectively. In adjusted analyses, COPD and ACO were associated with early arrival at the WTC site, with adjusted odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval of 1.3, 1.03-1.64, and 1.66, 1.1-2.49, respectively, independently from covariates such as smoking, age, cohort entry period, metabolic syndrome indicators, and high peripheral eosinophil count, among others. Discussion: In this cohort of WTC workers, spirometrically defined COPD and ACO were both associated with WTC exposure intensity. With substantially lower prevalence and effect sizes, we confirmed the findings from another cohort where the case definitions were based on self-reported physician diagnoses (PMID 32930623).
Aggression and Crimes against Peace: Defending International Criminal Trials for Aggression

International criminal law is under assault from both realists and communitarians. International law generally is often portrayed as a pipe dream at best and a dangerous distraction at worst. Such criticisms will have an effect on whether there are to be international trials for the crime of aggression. To defend international criminal trials diverse authors have proposed various normative rationales: some proposing deterrence, some proposing retribution, and others proposing truth and reconciliation. Yet each of these theories has been shown to fall short of defending the entirety of international criminal law. In this final chapter, I will provide a limited defense of international criminal trials conducted in a neutral locale such as The Hague, not by reference to a single normative principle, such as deterrence or retribution or truth and reconciliation, but by reference to a combination of principles applicable differently for different contexts. I do not claim that the sum of these defenses is larger than its parts but only that it may be possible to construct a partial defense on the basis of each that overlaps sufficiently to justify most of international criminal law. Throughout this book and the two previous books I have written on the moral foundations of international criminal law, I have also voiced many criticisms of the movement toward the increasing use of criminal trials at the international level. But I have nonetheless tried to construct a limited defense of these trials. Most of this defense is normative, as this chapter will rehearse.
All Together Now--The Quest for International Accounting Standards

As the world continues its movement towards an increasingly global economy, the conflicts and variances between different countries' laws and regulations grow more obvious and important. One area in which countries have significant legal and regulatory differences is accounting standards. The accounting and disclosure requirements of many foreign countries differ considerably from those of the United States.2 These accounting differ-
Solving the Sun’s Heating Crisis

More than half a century ago, astronomers discovered that the Sun’s corona has an unexpectedly high temperature of a few million Kelvin (Sect. 2.1). The visible solar disk, the photosphere, is closer to the Sun’s center than the corona, but the photosphere is several hundred times cooler, and this comes as a big surprise. The essential paradox is that energy should not flow from the cooler photosphere to the hotter corona anymore than water should flow uphill. When you sit far away from a fire, for example, it warms you less.
Regulated protein secretion in Tetrahymena thermophila.

Publisher Summary The genetic and molecular genetic accessibility of Tetrahymena makes possible a wide set of approaches that are unavailable in mammalian cells. The classical pathway for protein secretion begins with translocation of newly synthesized proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane into the lumen. Such proteins are then transported through a series of membrane-bounded compartments, terminating in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane of the cell, releasing the protein to the cell exterior. This process is also required for cell growth, because secretory vesicles provide the membrane that allows for expansion of the cell surface. A single cell may, however, have multiple types of secretory vesicles. A major distinction can be made between vesicles that fuse constitutively with the plasma membrane and vesicles whose fusion is triggered by an extracellular event. Because different vesicles can contain distinct protein constituents as a result of selective sorting, a cell with several vesicle types can modulate its secretory behavior based on environmental conditions.
Purification and Characterization of an N-Acylaminoacyl-peptide Hydrolase from Rabbit Muscle

Abstract An N-acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase has been purified to homogeneity (7,000-fold with 20% yield) from rabbit muscle. This overall enrichment and its general properties as a soluble protein suggest that it is of cytosolic origin and not a component of ribosomes or other cellular organelles. The enzyme has an Mr of 230,000-245,000 and a subunit Mr of 76,000-80,000. An extensive survey of the substrate specificity of the pure enzyme reveals that our earlier conclusions (Radhakrishna, G., and Wold, F. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 9572-9575) that the enzyme is specific for Ac-Met-peptides are wrong. The enzyme catalyzes the rapid removal of Ac-Thr, Ac-Ala, Ac-Met, Ac-Ser, and more slowly Ac-Gly from peptides of different lengths. Other acetylated amino acids (Cys, Tyr, Asp, Val, Phe, Ile, Leu) may be removed at 1% or less of the rate of the above good substrates from some peptide substrates. The nature of the amino acid in the second position of the acetylated peptide generally has only a minor effect on the reaction rate; however, with charged amino acids (Arg, Asp) in the second position the reaction is retarded, and with proline it is virtually abolished. Except for slow rate of hydrolysis of acetylated dipeptides, the hydrolase does not appear to be severely affected by the peptide length in the range studied (from 2 to 11 amino acid residues). The hydrolase also cleaves formylamino acids from formylated peptides. The biological function of the enzyme is not clear.
Compiling for Speculative Architectures

The traditional target machine of a parallelizing compiler can execute code sections either serially or in parallel. In contrast, targeting the generated code to a speculative parallel processor allows the compiler to recognize parallelism to the best of its abilities and leave other optimization decisions up to the processor's runtime detection mechanisms. In this paper we show that simple improvements of the compiler's speculative task selection method can already lead to significant (up to 55%) improvement in speedup over that of a simple code generator for a Multiscalar architecture. For an even more improved software / hardware cooperation we propose an interface that allows the compiler to inform the processor about fully parallel, serial, and speculative code sections as well as attributes of program variables. We have evaluated the degrees of parallelism that such a co-design can realistically exploit.
Mobilizing Money: How the World's Richest Nations Financed Industrial Growth

1. Introduction 2. Development of banking and corporate financial systems 3. Organization and performance of early commercial banking systems 4. Corporate governance and bank-firm relationships 5. Corporate finance and the role of bank relationships 6. Classifying financial systems 7. Determinants of financial system design 8. Long-run consequences of financial system design 9. Conclusion.
Family-Based Treatment of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Clinical Considerations and Application

Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be effectively treated with family-based intervention by expanding and enhancing family members' behavioral repertoire to more effectively manage OCD symptoms and affected family interactions. This article provides an overview and practical understanding of the implementation of family-based treatment of pediatric OCD. Special attention is given to relevant contextual family processes that influence symptom presentation, current empirical support for family-based treatment, and the clinical application of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy. Case vignettes illustrate important clinical considerations for providers.
Effects of Guanidine Derivatives on Mitochondrial Function III. The Mechanism of Phenethylbiguanide Accumulation and its Relationship to in Vitro Respiratory Inhibition

Reference 34 should read : 34. SCHAFER, G., Abstracts of Communications Presented at the Meeting of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies, 6th Meeting, Madrid, 1969, Abstract 967. We suggest that subscribers photocopy these corrections and insert the photocopies at the appropriate places where the article to be correctcd originally appeared. Authors are urged to introduce these corrections into any reprints they distribute. Secondary (abstract) services are urged to carry notice of these corrections as prominently as they carried the original abstracts.
Replication-Based Incremental Copying Collection

We introduce a new ''replication-based'' copying garbage collection technique. We have implemented one simple variation of this method to provide incremental garbage collection on stock hardware with no special operating system or virtual memory support. The performance of the prototype implementation is excellent: major garbage collection pauses are completely eliminated with only a slight increase in minor collection pause times. Unlike the standard copying algorithm, the replication-based method does not destroy the original replica when a copy is created. Instead, multiple copies may exist, and various standard strategies for maintaining consistency may be applied. In our implementation for Standard ML of New Jersey, the mutator continues to use the from-space replicas until the collector has achieved a consistent replica of all live data in to-space. We present a design for a concurrent garbage collector using the replication-based technique. We also expect replication-based gc methods to be useful in providing services for persistence and distribution, and briefly discuss these possibilities.
Interdomain interactions in the KIF3 kinesin family motor

Kinesins comprise a family of molecular motors that transport intracellular cargo along microtubules. While the performance of conventional kinesin has received considerable attention, much less is known about the design features and performance of other kinesins. KIF3A/B is an especially intriguing kinesin because it contains two non-identical heads, a design that may confer added speed, affinity, strength, or some other ability. To test KIF3A/B function, we have expressed and purified full-length motors in a eukaryotic expression system and investigated their motility and biochemistry using in vitro assays. KIF3A/B moves microtubules at approximately 20% the speed of conventional kinesin. Individual KIF3A/B motors are able to support motility in the microtubule gliding assay, though the microtubule affinity is less than conventional kinesin. Hence, the design advantage of having two different motor domains appears to be neither the speed of movement nor the affinity for microtubules.
Diagnostic yield of targeted next generation sequencing in various cancer types: an information-theoretic approach.

The information-theoretic concept of Shannon entropy can be used to quantify the information provided by a diagnostic test. We hypothesized that in tumor types with stereotyped mutational profiles, the results of NGS testing would yield lower average information than in tumors with more diverse mutations. To test this hypothesis, we estimated the entropy of NGS testing in various cancer types, using results obtained from clinical sequencing. A set of 238 tumors were subjected to clinical targeted NGS across all exons of 27 genes. There were 120 actionable variants in 109 cases, occurring in the genes KRAS , EGFR , PTEN , PIK3CA , KIT , BRAF , NRAS , IDH1 , and JAK2 . Sequencing results for each tumor were modeled as a dichotomized genotype (actionable mutation detected or not detected) for each of the 27 genes. Based upon the entropy of these genotypes, sequencing was most informative for colorectal cancer (3.235 bits of information/case) followed by high grade glioma (2.938 bits), lung cancer (2.197 bits), pancreatic cancer (1.339 bits), and sarcoma/STTs (1.289 bits). In the most informative cancer types, the information content of NGS was similar to surgical pathology examination (modeled at approximately 2–3 bits). Entropy provides a novel measure of utility for laboratory testing in general and for NGS in particular. This metric is, however, purely analytical and does not capture the relative clinical significance of the identified variants, which may also differ across tumor types.
Purine nucleotide catabolism in placenta

Abstract Soluble extracts were utilized to delineate the catabolic pathways of purine 2′,3′- and 5′-ribonucleoside monophosphates in human placenta and to measure the relative activities of the enzymes involved. Derivatives of adenine and hypoxanthine are converted to hypoxanthine, and derivatives of guanine are converted to xanthine. Nucleoside phosphorylase is the most active of the enzymes measured; guanase, adenosine deaminase, and 5′-nucleosidase (hydrolase) activities are present in lesser amounts. Adenase, xanthine oxidase, and enzymes which catalyze the deamination of guanosine and guanosine monophosphates are not present in the human placenta. The enzymatic activities of extracts prepared from toxemic placentas were similar to those found in extracts from normal placentas.
Thoracic injury requiring surgery.

This report concentrates on the 15% of chest injuries requiring thoracotomy. Eighty-five percent of cases may be managed by a large-bore chest tube placed in the midaxillary line. The indications for thoracotomy following placement of a chest tube are immediate egress of 1,500 ml of blood, continued bleeding at a rate of more than 100 ml/h, and large air leaks that prevent re-expansion of the lung or that, on the ventilator, constitute a significant fraction of the tidal volume. Immediate thoracotomy is also indicated for the patient with a penetrating wound that may have reached the heart in association with acute loss of vital signs or shock that does not quickly respond to blood replacement. Emergency room thoracotomy may also allow salvage of blunt trauma patients with blood loss in the chest by allowing more effective control of blood loss, cardiac massage, and cross-clamping of the aorta. A persistent diagnostic suspicion of the hidden injuries such as aortic rupture, esophageal injury, airway rupture, blunt cardiac injuries, and diaphragmatic rupture must be maintained, so that these injuries are properly diagnosed and treated. Sepsis following trauma to the chest is generally related to retained hematoma and damaged tissue. It is probably wise to resect the pulmonary parenchyma damaged by a high velocity gunshot wound. Chest tubes for hemothorax should be placed so that the blood is totally evacuated; otherwise, the clotted blood usually restricts pulmonary ventilation and commonly leads to an empyema which requires surgery.
Quasi-symmetric designs with y =l

Abstract We discuss 2-( υ , k , λ ) designs with two intersecion numbers the larger of which is λ. We show that for each λ there are only finitely many feasible parameter sets. We find all parameter sets with λ less than 400 and smaller intersection at least 2. These satisfy further conditions. We determine all sets satisfying these conditions finding two sporadic sets and two infinite families. The first sets of parameters from one of the families is realized by a design of V. Tonchev.
Dominance of nucleon-nucleon interactions in α + C 12 total reaction cross sections

We have measured $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ + $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ total reaction cross sections (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{R}$) at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=94 \mathrm{and} 173$ MeV/N using the attenuation method. Our data indicate a decreasing ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{R}(E)$ at intermediate incident energies. These results, along with existing measurements, are in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions for ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{R}(E)$ which are based on nucleon-nucleon total cross sections.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Attenuation measurements of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ + $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ total reaction cross sections at ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=94 \mathrm{and} 173$ MeV/N.
The Space of Composants of an Indecomposable Continuum

Abstract The family of all composants of an indecomposable continuum is studied. We investigate the equivalence relation induced on an indecomposable continuum by its partition into composants. We show that up to Borel bireducibility such an equivalence relation can be of only two types: E 0 and E 1, the E 0 type being “simple” and the E 1 type being “complicated.” As a consequence of this, we show that each indecomposable continuum carries a Borel probability measure which assigns 0 to each composant and 0 or 1 to each Borel set which is the union of a family of composants. In particular, it follows that there is no Borel transversal for the family of all composants. This solves an old problem in the theory of continua. We prove that all hereditarily indecomposable continua are of the complicated type, that is, they fall into the E 1 type. We analyze the properties of being of type E 1 or of type E 0. We show, using effective descriptive set theory, that the first of these properties is analytic and so the second one is coanalytic. We construct examples of continua of both types; in fact, we produce a family of indecomposable continua and use it to prove that these properties are complete analytic and complete coanalytic, respectively, hence non-Borel, so they do not admit simple topological characterizations. We also use continua from this family to show that an indecomposable continuum may be of type E 1 only because of the behavior of composants on a small subset of the continuum. This, in particular, shows that certain natural approaches to solving Kuratowski's problem on generic ergodicity of the composant equivalence relation will not work. We finish with some open problems.
Real-time modelling used for outbreak management during a cholera epidemic, Haiti, 2010–2011

The emergence of epidemic cholera in post-earthquake Haiti portended a public health disaster of uncertain magnitude. In order to coordinate relief efforts in an environment with limited healthcare infrastructure and stretched resources, timely and realistic projections of the extent of the cholera outbreak were crucial. Projections were shared with Government and partner organizations beginning 5 days after the first reported case and were updated using progressively more advanced methods as more surveillance data became available. The first projection estimated that 105 000 cholera cases would occur in the first year. Subsequent projections using different methods estimated up to 652 000 cases and 163 000-247 000 hospitalizations during the first year. Current surveillance data show these projections to have provided reasonable approximations of the observed epidemic. Providing the real-time projections allowed Haitian ministries and external aid organizations to better plan and implement response measures during the evolving epidemic.
Analysis of implicit local linearization techniques for upwind and TVD algorithms

An attempt is made to investigate local time linearization techniques for implicit flux-difference splitting and flux-vector splitting schemes in the simplest settings (i.e., first-order spatial schemes and one-dimensional Euler flows). It is noted that first-order spatial schemes provide the simplest examples of schemes which are collective extensions of scalar TVD schemes. Simple analytical results concerning the local linearizations are highlighted and subsequently verified using a numerical fixed-point analysis on selected problems. It is noted that while primary emphasis is on asymptotic behavior, many of the results have implications for time-accurate calculations as well.
Metabolic Profiles in Virginia Dairy Herds of Different Milk Yields

This study examined metabolic profiles of commercial dairy herds differing in milk production. Thirty herds were selected with 10 herds averaging more than 7258 kg milk, 10 herds between 6350 and 7258 kg, and 10 herds averaged below 6350 kg. In each herd, 28 cows were selected for blood sampling, which was collected every 3 mo during 12 mo. Cows varied in estimated relative producing ability. Metabolic profiles were established for 19 blood components. Differences among treatment means were significant between high and low producing herds and little between profiles for milking and pregnant nonlactating cows. Metabolic profiles of problem herds remained within normal ranges for all herds except one. Profiles of herds with breeding or mastitis problems remained in the normal range. Metabolic profile testing was of limited value in screening a dairy herd for potential problems or deficiencies.
Model of family medicine and obstetrics-gynecology collaboration in obstetric care at the University of Michigan

Abstract Objective: To assess concordance between family physician obstetric privilege delineation and actual care delivered, and describe associated clinical and educational collaborations between family medicine and obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective review of the care and complications of 962 consecutive patients admitted to a family medicine obstetric service in a research-intensive academic medical center, and compared the results with a structured obstetric privilege delineation. Results: Of 962 women admitted by family medicine faculty members, 741 (77.9%) were managed exclusively by family physicians, 63 (6.6%) were comanaged by family physicians and obstetricians, and 147 (15.5%) were transferred to obstetricians (data missing for 11 patients). Spontaneous vaginal deliveries were performed in 772 patients (81%), cesarean delivery in 116 patients (12.2%), and assisted delivery by forceps or vacuum in 19 (2%) and 44 (4.6%) patients, respectively. Of 926 intrapartum obstetric complications identified in 604 obstetric deliveries, 615 complications (66.4%) in 418 deliveries were managed exclusively by family physicians consistent with privilege delineation, comanagement occurred in 56 patients with 92 complications (9.9%), and care was transferred in 130 patients with 219 complications (23.7%). Conclusion: A structured method of obstetric privilege delineation for family medicine faculty members and associated guidelines for family physician–obstetrician interactions has led to a successful family medicine obstetric service at a research-intensive, tertiary-care medical center, with a high concordance between privilege delineation and actual care delivered. This success has resulted in incremental clinical and educational collaborations that have improved the quality of women’s health care and education.
G Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 (GPS2) Is a Transcriptional Corepressor Important for Estrogen Receptor α-mediated Transcriptional Regulation

We have identified G protein suppressor 2 (GPS2) as a stable component of the SMRT corepressor complexes. GPS2 potently represses basal transcription, with the repression domain mapped to the N-terminal silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT)-interacting domain. Knockdown of GPS2 abrogates, whereas overexpression potentiates, SMRT-mediated repression activity. The SMRT complexes are involved in 4-hydroxyl-tamoxifen (4OHT)-mediated gene repression by estrogen receptor α (ERα). We show that 4OHT recruits SMRT and GPS2 to the promoter of pS2, an ERα target gene, in a dynamic manner. Unexpectedly, we also found that estradiol (E2) promotes promoter recruitment of the SMRT complexes. While knockdown of GPS2 compromised 4OHT-mediated repression, it enhanced E2-induced expression of a reporter gene and several endogenous ERα target genes, including pS2, cyclin D1 (CCND1), progesterone receptor (PR), and c-MYC. Finally, we show that depletion of GPS2 or SMRT by siRNA promotes cell proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Thus, we concluded that GPS2 is an integral component of the SMRT complexes, important for ligand-dependent gene regulations by ERα and a suppressor for MCF-7 cell proliferation.
Energy cost index as an estimate of energy expenditure of cerebral-palsied children during assisted ambulation

The energy expenditure of cerebral-palsied children ambulating with bilateral quad canes and wheeled walkers was estimated, using average heart rate and speed of walking. An energy cost index (average number of heart rates per unit distance walked) was derived to allow for varying speeds among patients. Children were then categorized into those who had a lower energy cost index when using quad canes and those who had a lower index when using walkers. This made it possible to offer treatment recommendations based on objective data.
Analyzing the acquisition of drug self-administration using growth curve models ☆

Current approaches to studying acquisition of drug self-administration have modest power to detect individual differences in the pattern of acquisition or to efficiently and accurately describe trajectories of behavior change. Methodological advances in human research have elucidated approaches to describing repeated measure data that focus on modeling the behavior of individual subjects. In this article, we re-analyzed data published in using growth curve modeling to characterize the acquisition of nicotine-taking in rats. Change over time in the infusion rate was examined, revealing that the acquisition process could be described with a quadratic equation represented by intercept, slope, and acceleration parameters. Unit dose of nicotine, sex and fixed ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement had significant effects on the acquisition curves. Dose altered the absolute rate of infusions, but not the slope or acceleration, indicating that, when an effective dose was available, the shape of acquisition trajectories was not affected by dose. In addition, dose impacted acquisition by moderating the disruption in infusion rates after an increase in the response requirement. Thus, the role of a higher dose may not be to accelerate the acquisition process but to lead to behavior that is more resistant to change. Trajectories differed between males and females at the smallest dose, but these differences dissipated by the end of acquisition. Growth curve modeling captures the process of acquisition of drug self-administration and facilitates a greater understanding of the individual differences in change in drug-taking behavior over time.
Which Route Do I Take? A Viewpoint on Locally Developed versus Commercially Available Journal Management Solutions

This article discusses the growing need for tools or systems that will provide more effective management of and improved user access for journal collections, especially for e-journals. The author briefly describes initial efforts at the local library level to develop management systems and mentions the rise of vendor-supplied solutions, which have become very popular. In spite of the current popularity of vendor-based solutions, the author argues that there is still a niche for locally developed journal management systems. One such system, developed at the author's home institution, Taylor University, is featured as a case study.
Natural selection and the traits of individual organisms

It has recently been argued that origin essentialism regarding individual organisms entails that natural selection does not explain why individual organisms have the traits that they do. This paper defends this and related theses against Mohan Matthen’s recent objections.
An optimization model for unconfined stratified aquifer systems

Abstract This paper presents a response matrix formulation for optimal groundwater management where the aquifer system is unconfined and stratified (i.e. layered). While such formulations are easy to develop for the case of a confined aquifer with a linear partial differential equation governing flow, they are not readily forthcoming for unconfined aquifer systems. The concept of the Girinski potential is shown to be a useful tool for the development of a linear approximation to the equation for flow in an unconfined, stratified aquifer system. The use of superposition (implicit in the response matrix approach) with the Girinski potential for an unconfined, stratified aquifer system is strictly valid for steady-state flow conditions. Linear superposition of Girinski potentials in the transient case is valid, subject only to a restriction determined by the relative hydraulic conductivities and thickness of each layer in the strata, and the head in the aquifer. For a given situation, the limiting value of the head in the aquifer that restricts the application of superposition with the Girinski potential can be evaluated prior to the application of the optimization model. The Girinski-response matrix approach may thus also be used for transient analysis for certain cases. An example application for dewatering an unconfined, stratified aquifer is also presented.
Efficacy of simulated, slow release sodium bicarbonate in stabilizing ruminal milieu and acid-base status in lactating dairy cattle.

Four primiparous, ruminally fistulated, lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a 4 X 4 Latin square to study the effects of NaHCO3 infusion time on ruminal milieu and systemic acid-base balance. Sodium bicarbonate, approximating .8% of diet DM, was mixed with water and infused into the rumen for 1, 2, 4, or 6 h postfeeding to simulate different timed-release rates of NaHCO3. All cows received a corn silage and concentrate diet mixed at a 40:60 ratio on a DM basis and fed in amounts that were consumed within 1 h. Ruminal fluid, blood, and urine samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 h postfeeding. Length of infusion time did not alter ruminal, blood, or urine pH, but all three variables were affected by sampling time, with the 5, 1, and 3-h sampling intervals yielding the lowest values for the three measurements, respectively. Ruminal VFA molar percentages of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate were not influenced by infusion interval but were all different due to time of sampling. Blood pCO2 and HCO3 were affected by sampling time but not by infusion interval. With the exception of blood HCO3, all treatment X sampling time interactions were nonsignificant. It appears that timed release of NaHCO3 does not alter ruminal function or acid-base balance.
Infantile neuroblastoma presenting with cutaneous blanching nodules

An 8-week-old girl was seen because of firm, blue cutaneous nodules, A biopsy showed neuroblastoma. When rubbed, the nodules blanched and were surrounded with a halo of erythema. She had Horner's syndrome, hepatomegaly, bone marrow and shaft invasion, and a high thoracic mass with signs of spinal cord compression. Blanching cutaneous nodules are a unique finding in neuroblastoma and may be the first sign of this disease.
Cytomorphologic pitfall of primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland: a case report.

Background Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the salivary glands is a routine procedure in the diagnostic workup of benign and malignant lesions. Primary malignant melanoma of the salivary gland is a rare disease, and only afew cases describing FNAC have been reported. Case We present a case of primary malignant melanoma of the right parotid gland. Cytomorphologically it was classified as adenocarrinoma. However, histologic examination revealed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. At first clinical presentation of the patient, no other sites were involved. It was remarkable that 3 months after diagnosis of primary malignant melanoma in the right parotid gland, supraclavicular lymph nodes appeared on the left side. The patient underwent parotidectomy and neck dissection of both sites. Conclusion The cellular aspirates from primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland were cytologically mistaken for adenocarcinoma. This cytologic pitfall required additional histologic examination.
A genetic association study of D-dimer levels with 50 K SNPs from a candidate gene chip in four ethnic groups

Introduction D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, is related to risk of cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolism. Genetic determinants of D-dimer are not well characterized; notably, few data have been reported for African American (AA), Asian, and Hispanic populations.
The Global E-rotic Subject, the Ban, and the Prostitute-Free Zone: Sex Work and the Theory of Differential Exclusion

In this paper I analyze questions of displacement and exclusion through the lens of sexual commerce and its regulation. Using three frames of analysis, including a historical reading of the figure of the prostitute in Western law and culture, an analysis of a model exclusionary zoning law, the ‘Prostitution-free Zone Ordinance’, and a reflection upon the changing position of sex workers within heavily mediated contemporary networks of global e-rotic commerce, I argue that the prostitute is an originary figure of exclusion relative to homo sacer, the masculine sacred outlaw, who is an originary figure of displacement. I bracket popular themes of agency, resistance, and performance to interrogate a disturbing reactionary trend: just as important strides have been made in constituting sex workers and performers as rights-bearing legal subjects and workers, we see a reconfiguration of sexual labor through globalization and technology that renders incomprehensible any traditional subject of labor and rights, a...
Standing Balance, Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, and Walking Performance of Patients Referred for Physical Therapy:

The purposes of this study of 30 patients referred to physical therapy were to describe the reliability of two measures of impairment and a measure of gait performance and to examine the relationships between the impairment and gait measures. The impairments measured were standing balance and muscle strength of the lower extremities, the former with a seven-level ordinal scale and the latter with a handheld dynamometer. Gait performance was measured using the seven-category scale of the Functional Independence Measure. Interday reliability was acceptable for all three measures, standing balance (weighted Kappa = .905), muscle strength (intraclass correlation coefficients = .871 to .951), and gait (weighted Kappa = .915). A Spearman correlation of .860 was found between balance and gait measures. The correlations between the strengths of various muscle groups and gait were lower (.138 to .581). Multiple regression identified none of the strength scores as offering additional independent explanation of gait...
Electronic properties of amorphous silicon in solar cell operation

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells, which have efficiencies up to 5.5 percent, are unique in several ways, and their cell characteristics no longer depend on the same parameters generally considered in single crystal cells. This paper discusses the operation of such cells, and relates the major new parameters to the electronic properties of a-Si which are highly dependent on the densities of gap centers in this disordered material. The effect of the photoconductivity in intrinsic a-Si on the series resistance of the cell, the quality of a-Si junctions and their ability to transport current densities generated under AM1 illumination are presented. Space-charge densities as low as 5 × 1015cm-3are found in a-Si junctions, which are orders of magnitude lower than previous estimates for glow discharge produced a-Si. The effects of electric field distributions and diffusion lengths of holes on collection efficiencies and cell characteristics are discussed and illustrated. Although significant trapping of photogenerated holes is found in many of the a-Si films, diffusion lengths of few tenths of a micron are also indicated by the results presented.
Functional Group Imaging by Chemical Force Microscopy

Mapping the spatial arrangement of chemical functional groups and their interactions is of significant importance to problems ranging from lubrication and adhesion to recognition in biological systems. A force microscope has been used to measure the adhesive and friction forces between molecularly modified probe tips and organic monolayers terminating in a lithographically defined pattern of distinct functional groups. The adhesive interactions between simple CH(3)/CH(3), CH(3)/COOH, and COOH/COOH functional groups correlate directly with friction images of sample surfaces patterned with these groups. Thus, by monitoring the friction between a specifically functionalized tip and sample, one can produce friction images that display predictable contrast and correspond to the spatial distribution of functional groups on the sample surface. Applications of this chemically sensitive imaging technique are discussed.
Signaling mechanisms of LOV domains: new insights from molecular dynamics studies.

Phototropins are one of several classes of photoreceptors used by plants and algae to respond to light. These proteins contain flavin-binding LOV (Light-Oxygen-Voltage) domains that form covalent cysteine-flavin adducts upon exposure to blue light, leading to the enhancement of phototropin kinase activity. Several lines of evidence suggest that adduct formation in the phototropin LOV2 domains leads to the dissociation of an alpha helix (Jα) from these domains as part of the light-induced activation process. However, crystal structures of LOV domains both in the presence and absence of the Jα helix show very few differences between dark and illuminated states, and thus the precise mechanism through which adduct formation triggers helical dissociation remains poorly understood. Using Avena sativa phototropin 1 LOV2 as a model system, we have studied the interactions of the LOV domain core with the Jα helix through a series of equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Here we show that conformational transitions of a conserved glutamine residue in the flavin binding pocket are coupled to altered dynamics of the Jα helix both through a shift in dynamics of the main β-sheet of the LOV domain core and through a secondary pathway involving the N-terminal A′α helix.
Unbounded Toeplitz Operators

This partly expository article develops the basic theory of unbounded Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space H2, with emphasis on operators whose symbols are not square integrable. Unbounded truncated Toeplitz operators on coinvariant subspaces of H2 are also studied.