cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absolute orientation of the flagellar apparatus of Hibberdia magna comb. nov. (Chrysophyceae)

The first flagellum of Hibberdia magna comb. nov. bears mastigonemes that have both short and long lateral filaments attached to the tubular shaft. The second flagellum is very short (ca. 850 nm) and is directed posteriorly approximately 160° from the first flagellum. Three microtubular flagellar roots (R1, R2 and R4) and a rhizoplast (= striated root) are present. The R1 root consists of four microtubules that arise near the right surface of the first flagellum basal body; the R1 root extends to the dorsal side of the cell and then curves back along the left side of the cell. Cytoskeletal microtubules are nucleated from the R1 root including one loose cluster of cytoskeletal microtubules that extends down the left side of the cell adjacent to the contractile vacuole. The R2 root is a single microtubule that arises along the left surface of the first flagellum basal body and extends to the left side of the cell. The R4 root consists of three microtubules that arise along the left side of the second flagellum basal body. A helical band wraps around two microtubules at the proximal end of the R4 root. Two of the three R4 root microtubules extend along the left side of the second flagellum, curve around to the right side of that flagellum and terminate. No R3 root was found. The orientation of the basal bodies of Hibberdia gen. nov. is similar to that of the Xanthophyceae and Oomycetes. There are apparent homologies in the R1, R2 and R4 roots of Hibberdia and these and other protists, but only Hibberdia lacks a R3 root. Three long flagella are present in preprophase but later one is endocytosized and the axoneme extends to the posterior of the cell. During metaphase the nuclear envelope is more or less intact except at the poles; the flagellar apparatuses are at the poles and the spindle microtubules originate near the basal bodies. Two stages are known in the life history: 1) a capsoidlike state with non-swimming flagellate cells inside a colonial gel, and 2) a free-swimming single-celled monad state. Vegetative cell division occurs in both stages. The flagellar apparatus, the cell division process and the life history combined with the previously described unique light-harvesting antheraxanthin make H. magna distinct from other algae. A new genus, Hibberdia gen. nov., a new family, Hibberdiaceae fam. nov. and a new order, Hibberdiales, ord. nov. are described.
Management of cotton pests

The interplay between plant carbohydrate balance and various kinds of insects damage is described for cotton growth and development in a general way.
THE RECAPTURE OF INSIDERS' PROFITS

THE PRINCIPAL PURPOSE of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was to establish and maintain a free, honest, and open market in the trading of securities. Such a purpose is predicated upon the proposition that the security prices prevailing at any time should reflect an appraisal which is based upon information available to all traders in such securities. Accordingly, the Act was designed so as to bring -within its purview certain activities which might in any material manner affect the attainment of such an objective. In its accomplishment Section 16 is undoubtedly an important factor, and it is the purpose of this article to review and appraise some of the more significant cases which have arisen in the administration of that section of the Securities Exchange Act. Prior to the enactment of the Securities Exchange Act in 1934, corporation officers and directors as well as principal stockholders "on the inside," were frequently in a position to speculate in their company's stock on the basis of inside information not available to the general body of stockholders or to the public. Partly to cope with what Congress apparently considered an inequitable situation, and partly to inform stockholders of the transactions of so-called insiders, Section 16(a)l of the Act2 provides that each officer and director of any corporation whose securities are registered, and each beneficial owner of more than 10 per cent of any class of registered equity security, shall file certain information reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission.3 Initial reports are required whenever a party first becomes an officer or director, or becomes a stockholder beneficially owning more than 10 per cent of the equity security, and monthly reports are required by the tenth of the month following any month in which a change in previously reported holdings took place.4
Meteoric Activities of the Last Millennium

We have analyzed the meteor records in the chronicles of the east Asian countries, especially the Korean records. Our results show that the seasonal variation of sporadic meteors has persisted at least for the last two millennia. We also observed the prominent showers such as the Perseids and the Leonids, which are formed by Halley-type comets. We obtained the regression rate of nodal points for the Leonids to be approximately 1:52 ± 0:04 days per century.
Measuring Fertility Norms

We argue that social norms must be measured at the group level of analysis, allow for a range of acceptable behaviors, and be linked to the individual level of analysis to explain social behavior. From a survey of young adults in Wisconsin (1973), we generated measures of family size norms from sibship experience and friends' expected family size. These measures satisfied our primary criterion for a social norm: Those with non-normative family size desires tended to shift expectations toward the norm. The analyses demonstrate the difficulty of estimating normative effects when by its very definition a norm is expected to restrict variation in human behavior.
Chemical Synthesis of the GHIJKLMNO Ring System of Maitotoxin.

As the largest secondary metabolite to be discovered as of yet, the polyether marine neurotoxin maitotoxin constitutes a major structural and synthetic challenge. After its originally proposed structure (1) had been questioned on the basis of biosynthetic considerations, we provided computational and experimental support for structure 1. In an effort to provide stronger experimental evidence of the molecular architecture of maitotoxin, its GHIJKLMNO ring system 3 was synthesized. The 13C NMR chemical shifts of synthetic 3 matched closely those corresponding to the same domain of the natural product providing strong evidence for the correctness of the originally proposed structure of maitotoxin (1).
Discussion: Cai et al. (2011). Evaluation of Pile Bearing Capacity from Piezocone Penetration Test Data in Soft Jiangsu Quaternary Clay Deposits

This discussion article provides observations on an earlier published article by Cai et al. (2011), which presented piezocone penetration test (CPTu) based pile capacity evaluations. These observations include: (1) neglect to the most reliable reading of CPTu (i.e., tip resistance (qt)) in shaft capacity calculations; (2) no information provided concerning their definition of influence zone and qt averaging technique in their base capacity evaluations; (3) influence of installation method not investigated for the different categories of piles in their database; (4) no information/discussion included regarding their selected criteria in defining the pile capacity; and (5) inconsistencies in the methodology adopted for their comparative and reliability studies. Also included in this discussion article are suggestions and references to certain recent studies that may possibly be considered for future research on the topic.
The high mutator activity of the dnaQ49 allele of Escherichia coli is medium-dependent and results from both defective 3′→5′ proofreading and methyl-directed mismatch repair

The Escherichia coli dnaQ49 mutator allele maps at the dnaQ locus, the structural gene for the epsilon subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. Epsilon, when bound to the alpha subunit, provides the 3'-->5' exonuclease activity (proofreading) that removes 3' mismatched terminal nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand during replication. The temperature sensitive dnaQ49 allele lacks this catalytic activity which results in mutation frequencies 10(4)-10(5)-fold above wild-type values at 37 degrees C. At 30 degrees C dnaQ49 mutation frequencies are much lower but still higher than wild-type levels. We found that dnaQ49, like mutD5, another strong mutator allele of dnaQ, is medium-dependent with mutation frequencies ranging from 12 to nearly 1000-fold higher in rich media (L-broth) than in minimal media. In minimal media dnaQ49 retains modest mutator activity. In addition the base-pair substitution mutational spectrum of dnaQ49 was medium-dependent. Unlike mutD5 the addition of thymidine to minimal medium did not enhance dnaQ49 mutator activity. We also constructed dnaQ49mutL double mutator strains and compared mutator frequencies with single dnaQ49 and mutL strains. The mutL allele results in inactive methyl-directed mismatch repair. Double and single dnaQ49 mutators had similar mutation frequencies at 37 degrees C in L-broth suggesting that dnaQ49 strains are defective in mismatch repair as well as 3'-->5' exonuclease proofreading activity. In contrast in minimal media at 37 degrees C and in L-broth at 30 degrees C dnaQ49 mutL mutation frequencies were much higher than dnaQ49 values indicating the presence of active mismatch-repair activity in the latter strain. In addition at 37 degrees C dnaQ49mutL mutation frequencies were about 100-fold higher in L-broth than in minimal media. We conclude from this result that the rich media effect with dnaQ49 involves an actual increase in replication errors rather than a medium-dependent modulation of mismatch repair activity.
Effects of time-inconsistent preferences on information technology infrastructure investments with growth options

Increasing information technology (IT) infrastructure spending and the capability of such projects to provide a platform for a firm to realize value from IT marks their importance. Effective management of IT infrastructure investments includes identification of embedded growth options in the infrastructure, and exercising them in a timely manner. Extant research has recognized that while managers could use real options thinking in IT investment management, managerial bias could affect the timing of option exercise and their realized value. We analyze the effect of time-inconsistent preferences of present-biased managers on the exercise time of real growth options and the realized value using a discrete time option valuation model. The results show that present-biased managers are more likely to exercise options early when the net payoffs are low, the option payoffs have high volatility, and the risk free discount rate is small. In addition, present biased managers are more likely to exercise a growth option early in its life when the project is performing well. We provide implications for practice and IT governance.
Predicting selenite adsorption by soils using soil chemical parameters in the constant capacitance model

The constant capacitance model, a chemical surface complexation model, was applied to selenite, Se(IV), adsorption on 36 soils selected for variation in soil chemical properties. The constant capacitance model was able to fit Se(IV) adsorption by optimizing one monodentate Se(IV) surface complexation constant and the surface protonation constant. A general regression model was developed for predicting these surface complexation constants for Se(IV) from easily measured soil chemical characteristics. These chemical properties were inorganic carbon content, organic carbon content, iron oxide content, aluminum oxide content, and surface area. The prediction equations were used to obtain values for the surface complexation constants for four additional soils, thereby providing a completely independent evaluation of the ability of the constant capacitance model to describe Se(IV) adsorption. The model's ability to predict Se(IV) adsorption was quantitative on one soil and semi-quantitative on three soils. Incorporation of these prediction equations into chemical speciation-transport models will allow simulation of soil solution Se(IV) concentrations under diverse non-calcareous agricultural and environmental conditions without the requirement of soil specific adsorption data and subsequent parameter optimization.
Experimental investigation of the low NOx vortex airblast annular combustor

A low oxides of nitrogen vortex airblast annular combustor was evaluated which has attained the goal of 1 gm NO2/kg fuel or less during operation. The experimental combustor test conditions were a nominal inlet-air temperature of 703 K, inlet total pressures between 0.52 to 0.83 MPa, and a constant inlet Mach number of 0.26. Exit temperature pattern factors for all test points were between 0.16 and 0.20 and exit swirl flow angles were 47 degrees at isothermal conditions and 23 degrees during combustion. Oxides of nitrogen did not exceed 1.05 gm NO2/kg fuel at the highest inlet pressure and exhaust temperature tested. Previous correlations have related NOx proportionally to the combustor inlet pressure raised to some exponent. In this experiment, a band of exponents between 0.5 and 1.0 resulted for fuel-air ratios from 0.023 to 0.027 and inlet pressures from 0.52 to 0.83 MPa. Previously announced in STAR as N84-22567
Partial evaluation in parallel

Partially evaluating a procedural program amounts to building a series of mutually-recursive specialized procedures. When a procedure call in the source program gets specialized into a residual call, the called procedure needs to be processed to occur in the residual program. Because the order of procedure definitions in the residual program is immaterial, it does not matter in which order these two events — building the residual call and building the residual procedure — are scheduled. Therefore, partial evaluation offers a basic opportunity for an MIMD type of parallelism with shared global memory where in essence, the mutually-recursive specialized procedures are built in parallel as specialization points are met and the relation binding source and residual procedures is globalized, to preserve its uniqueness.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Healthy Subjects after Single‐Dose Oral and Intravenous Administration

A randomized, crossover study of 12 healthy volunteers was conducted with single, 1.5-g doses of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a prodrug of mycophenolic acid (MPA), after oral and intravenous administration. During the intravenous infusion, phase systemic plasma clearance of MMF was approximately 10 L/min and the half-life (t1/2) was a few minutes. After oral administration, however, plasma MMF was below quantitation limits at all times. The plasma MPA profile of oral MMF showed a sharp peak at approximately 1 hour and a secondary peak at 8 to 12 hours. Mean apparent plasma t1/2 of MPA was similar for both routes (approximately 17 hours). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to 24 hours was statistically higher for intravenous than for oral administration, but total AUC showed statistical equivalence (80-120 rule), with mean bioavailability of MPA from oral administration of MMF estimated as 94.1% relative to the intravenous route. Total plasma AUC of mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG), the sole metabolite of MPA, was four- to five-fold higher than MPA. Total 48-hour MPAG recovery in urine was statistically equivalent for the two routes and represented a mean of 70% of administered drug; corresponding MPA recovery was less than 1%. Renal clearance (ClR) values required transport mechanisms for MPAG, but not for MPA. The ClR of MPAG was statistically higher after intravenous administration than oral administration. MMF administered orally undergoes rapid, complete absorption and essentially complete presystemic deesterification. There was presystemic removal of MPA, but enterohepatic circulation compensated for the first pass loss. Renal metabolism of MPA also may have occurred.
Optimal Redundancy Allocation by Dynamic Programming

This tutorial paper presents the problem of optimal allocation of parallel redundancy under multiple linear constraints by the method of dynamic programming. The problem is approached with a standard dynamic programming formulation; the concept of dominating system configurations is introduced to reduce the number of computations involved; and a simple procedure is presented. Solutions to three numerical examples are presented.
Personalized location-based brokering using an agent-based intermediary architecture

The Impulse research project at the MIT Media Lab, which captures our vision of the future of commerce, attempts to augment the rich sensory experience of the tangible world with the informational abundance, speed, and low search costs of the Internet. In this paper, we present the design and implementation schema of a subset of the Impulse vision that addresses the problem of location-specific resource brokering. We discuss how two projects being conducted within the group, Multi-Attribute Resource Intermediary (MARI) and Wherehoo, can be combined to exploit the functionality afforded by a brokering architecture in a geographically constrained context. In particular, we examine the specific example of offering location-sensitive restaurant recommendations to mobile individuals.
Venezuelan Civil-Military Relations as a Coordinate System:

Venezuela, one of few Latin American countries that did not have to democratize during the Third Wave, veered hardest to the left at the turn of the century. Now, this country, despite its democratic tradition, apparently has most to fear with respect to continued civilian control of the military. This article shows how Venezuela’s democracia pactada (democracy-by-pact) and its Bolivarian Revolution both permitted fusing of military with political power across policy areas. However, the emergence of a coordinate system for civilian control of the military protects Hugo Chavez even as it places certain constraints on the anti-American president. Moreover, this form of civilian control matches elements of the U.S. example. Accurate description, or coding, of Venezuela opens an avenue for improved military-to-military relations, which could, in turn, lay the foundation for constructive U.S.-Venezuelan engagement in the Western Hemisphere.
Neurobehavioral and pulmonary impairment in 105 adults with indoor exposure to molds compared to 100 exposed to chemicals

Patients exposed at home to molds and mycotoxins and those exposed to chemicals (CE) have many similar symptoms of eye, nose, and throat irritation and poor memory, concentration, and other neurobehavioral dysfunctions. To compare the neurobehavioral and pulmonary impairments associated with indoor exposures to mold and to chemicals. 105 consecutive adults exposed to molds (ME) indoors at home and 100 patients exposed to other chemicals were compared to 202 community referents without mold or chemical exposure. To assess brain functions, we measured 26 neurobehavioral functions. Medical and exposure histories, mood states score, and symptoms frequencies were obtained. Vital capacity and flows were measured by spirometry. Groups were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) after adjusting for age, educational attainment, and sex, by calculating predicted values (observed/predicted x 100 = % predicted). And p < .05 indicated statistical significance for total abnormalities, and test scores that were outside the confidence limits of the mean of the percentage predicted. People exposed to mold had a total of 6.1 abnormalities and those exposed to chemicals had 7.1 compared to 1.2 abnormalities in referents. Compared to referents, the exposed groups had balance decreased, longer reaction times, and blink reflex latentcies lengthened. Also, color discrimination errors were increased and visual field performances and grip strengths were reduced. The cognitive and memory performance measures were abnormal in both exposed groups. Culture Fair scores, digit symbol substitution, immediate and delayed verbal recall, picture completion, and information were reduced. Times for peg-placement and trail making A and B were increased. One difference was that chemically exposed patients had excess fingertip number writing errors, but the mold-exposed did not. Mood State scores and symptom frequencies were greater in both exposed groups than in referents. Vital capacities were reduced in both groups. Neurobehavioral and pulmonary impairments associated with exposures to indoor molds and mycotoxins were not different from those with various chemical exposures.
Breast reshaping following massive weight loss: principles and techniques.

Summary: Management of the breast following massive weight loss for both reconstructive and aesthetic reasons poses unique challenges that are often inadequately addressed with traditional techniques. The breast mound is often unstable and deflated, with a loose inelastic skin envelope and ill-defined boundaries that blend into similar lateral chest wall, arm, and upper abdominal contour irregularities. Because this has become more common recently with the increasing prevalence of massive weight loss patients desiring body contouring, the purpose of this review was to discuss modifications to traditional breast techniques that have been proposed for these patients. It has become apparent that mammaplasty techniques in the massive weight loss patient should rely more on extensive glandular manipulation for shape preservation rather than relying on the skin envelope for shaping. Such techniques include parenchymal plication, suspension, and autoaugmentation. This will improve the likelihood of maintained shape and symmetry in an otherwise difficult patient population.
Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)

The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) has been observing the earth during the past 4 years from three satellites. Numerous validation procedures have been applied to the data. Particularly important have been intercomparisons between three channels of scanning radiometers and wide and medium field-of-view radiometers. These intercomparisons and onboard calibration targets have provided assurance of high data quality. In addition to the classic radiation budget parameters: global absorbed and emitted energy, ERBE is producing fluxes on scales of 250 km that can significantly increase understanding of the earth's climate. Of particular interest are ERBE measurements of clear-sky albedos and longwave fluxes, which are part of the ERBE data products. Use of data from the precessing ERBE satellite together with data from the sun-synchronous NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 satellites also provides information on the diurnal cycle of shortwave and longwave fluxes.
Far-infrared spectrum, conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation, normal coordinate calculations, and vibrational assignment for chloroacetaldehyde

The far infrared spectrum [350 to 25 cm−1] of gaseous chloroacetaldehyde, ClCH2CHO, has been recorded at a resolution of 0.10 cm−1. The first excited-state transition of the asymmetric torsion of the more stable near s-cis [chlorine atom s-cis to the aldehyde hydrogen atom] conformer has been observed at 26.9 cm−1, with seven additional upper state transitions falling to higher frequency. Additionally, the fundamental torsional transition of the s-trans conformer has been observed at 58.9 cm−1 with two excited states also falling to higher frequency. From these data, the asymmetric torsional potential coefficients have been determined to be:V1=414±11;V2 = 191±3;V3=−203±5;V4=44±1 andV6=−26±1 cm−1. The s-cis to s-trans barrier is 500±5 cm−1 (1.43±0.01 kcal mol−1) with the s-cis conformer being more stable by 267±19 cm−1 (0.76±0.05 kcal mol−1) than the s-trans form. The Raman [4000 to 100 cm−1] and infrared (4000 to 400 cm−1] spectra of the gas have been recorded. Additionally, the Raman spectrum of the liquid has been recorded and qualitative depolarization values obtained. Complete vibrational assignments are proposed for both conformers based on band contours, depolarization values, and group frequencies. The assignments are supported by ab initio Hartree-Fock gradient calculations employing the 3–21G* basis set to obtain the frequencies and the potential energy distributions for the normal vibrations for both rotamers. Additional ab initio calculations at the MP4/6-31G* level have been carried out to determine the structural parameters for both conformers. The results are discussed and compared with the corresponding quantities obtained for some similar molecules.
The use of biodata for employee selection: Past research and future directions

Abstract Although biodata has been shown to be one of the best predictors of employee performance and turnover, a number of important issues remain unresolved (e.g., how broadly or narrowly should biodata be defined?). This paper has three main objectives. The first objective is to provide a selective but representative review of the research that has been conducted on the use of biodata for employee selection. The second objective is to constructively critique this research. This critique is intended to highlight deficiencies of this research that may limit the conclusions that should be drawn. The paper's third objective is to stimulate important future research on biodata that avoids the limitations of past research.
Experimental sleep fragmentation and sleep deprivation in rats increases exploration in an open field test of anxiety while increasing plasma corticosterone levels

Sleep deprivation alters mood and anxiety in man. In rats, 24 h of treadmill-induced total sleep deprivation or sleep fragmentation increased exploratory behavior in an open field test of anxiety compared to cage or exercise controls. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels of sleep disturbed and exercise control rats were elevated compared to cage controls, suggesting that the increased exploration observed in the sleep disturbed rats was not due to a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress response.
Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperature: Workshop Comparisons

A series of three workshops was held between January 1983 and February 1984 to assess the current status of global sea surface temperature (SST) measurement from space. Workshop participants included sensor scientists, radiative transfer specialists, and users of SST data in the disciplines of oceanography and climate. Data from four satellite sensors (three infrared and one microwave) were evaluated by direct comparison with each other and with data from ships, XBTs, and buoys. The satellite data showed good agreement in a global rms sense (about 0.5-1.0 C), but several anomalous regional biases were also observed. The nature of these biases and techniques for their removal require further study.
Real-time optical computing: multiprocessor design

An optical multiprocessor that can perform binary full addition and full subtraction in parallel is designed using a joint transform correlator. A new coding scheme is also developed for the proposed technique. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of this scheme.
Learned Discussions of Indulgences for the Dead in the Middle Ages

Un desaccord existe dans la tradition intellectuelle chretienne a propos de l'interpretation des indulgences accordees aux morts. Les origines sont mysterieuses. Alors que les papes et les eveques ont accorde des indulgences a l'occasion d'oeuvres pies au cours des XI e et XII e siecles, il n'y a pas de trace d'une indulgence pour les morts au XIII e siecle tandis que des sources attestent leur existence depuis le XI e siecle
Effect of military training on indicators of soil quality at Fort Benning, Georgia

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of soil disturbance on several key indicators of soil quality at Fort Benning, Georgia. Military activities at Fort Benning that result in soil disturbance include infantry, artillery, wheeled, and tracked vehicle training. Soil samples were collected along a disturbance gradient that included: (1) reference sites, (2) light military use, (3) moderate military use, (4) heavy military use, and (5) remediated sites. With the exception of surface soil bulk density, measured soil properties at reference and light use sites were similar. Relative to reference sites, greater surface soil bulk density, lower soil carbon concentrations, and less carbon and nitrogen in particulate organic matter (POM) were found at moderate use, heavy use, and remediated sites. Studies along a pine forest chronosequence indicated that carbon stocks in POM gradually increased with stand age. An analysis of soil C:N ratios, as well as soil carbon concentrations and stocks, indicated a recovery of soil quality at moderate military use and remediated sites relative to heavy military use sites. Measurements of soil carbon and nitrogen are ecological indicators that can be used by military land managers to identify changes in soil from training activities and to rank training areas on the basis of soil quality.
Multicenter study of lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B after liver transplantation

Hepatitis B after liver transplantation is often fatal, and no proven medical therapy exists for this condition. We chose to study the potential efficacy of lamivudine therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B after liver transplantation. Fifty-two patients with chronic hepatitis B after liver transplantation were treated in an open label, multicenter study. Each had detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum and 45 (87%) had detectable serum hepatitis B e antigen before treatment. Patients were treated for 52 weeks with lamivudine (100 mg daily). The primary endpoint was undetectability of HBV DNA; secondary endpoints included normalization of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, disappearance of hepatitis B e antigen, and improvement in liver histology. After treatment, 60% of patients had undetectable HBV DNA by solution hybridization assay, 14 (31%) of the initially positive patients lost hepatitis B e antigen; hepatitis B surface antigen was undetectable in 3 (6%); and serum ALT levels normalized in 71%. Blinded histological assessments showed improvement in the histological activity index (P =.007 for periportal necrosis,.001 for lobular necrosis, and.013 for portal inflammation). YMDD variants of HBV, potentially associated with drug resistance, were detected in 14 (27%) of the patients. Repeat liver biopsies in 7 patients with the mutated virus were unchanged in 2, improved in 2, and worse in 3. We conclude that lamivudine is a potentially effective therapy for hepatitis B after liver transplantation.
First-principles calculations of the structural and thermodynamic properties of bcc, fcc and hcp solid solutions in the Al-TM (TM = Ti, Zr and Hf) systems: A comparison of cluster expansion and supercell methods

Abstract The thermodynamic properties of solid solutions with body-centered cubic (bcc), face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures in the Al–TM (TM = Ti, Zr and Hf) systems are calculated from first-principles using cluster expansion (CE), Monte-Carlo simulation and supercell methods. The 32-atom special quasirandom structure (SQS) supercells are employed to compute properties at 25, 50 and 75 at.% TM compositions, and 64-atom supercells have been employed to compute properties of alloys in the dilute concentration limit (one solute and 63 solvent atoms). In general, the energy of mixing (Δ m E ) calculated by CE and dilute supercells agree very well. In the concentrated region, the Δ m E values calculated by CE and SQS methods also agree well in many cases; however, noteworthy discrepancies are found in some cases, which we argue originate from inherent elastic and dynamic instabilities of the relevant parent lattice structures. The importance of short-range order on the calculated values of Δ m E for hcp Al–Ti alloys is demonstrated. We also present calculated results for the composition dependence of the atomic volumes in random solid solutions with bcc, fcc and hcp structures. The properties of solid solutions reported here may be integrated within the CALPHAD formalism to develop reliable thermodynamic databases in order to facilitate: (i) calculations of stable and metastable phase diagrams of binary and multicomponent systems, (ii) alloy design, and (iii) processing of Al–TM-based alloys.
Resident Service Coordinators: Roles and Challenges in Senior Housing

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the challenges that Resident Service Coordinators (RSCs) encounter in senior housing and the meanings they attach to their role. Using a mixed methods approach, surveys and interviews were conducted with RSCs working in age-segregated housing in Connecticut. Survey responses indicate that, despite certain similarities, no single profile characterizes the scope of the role. Analysis of the interview data reveals 5 themes: interpersonal conflicts, mental health problems, inadequate resources, unclear policies regarding residents' rights, and inconsistencies in role definition. These results underscore the need for increased training for RSCs, and additional research is needed to understand the role and identify best practice models.
INTIMACY OF RELATIONSHIP AS A FUNCTION OF POSITIVITY VS ACCURACY OF PERCEIVED EVALUATIVE FEEDBACK FROM PARTNER

Prior studies disagree about whether a married person (P) will feel greater intimacy toward the spouse (O) when O perceives P just as positively as P perceives self (hypothesis of self-verification) or when O perceives P in a more positive light than P perceives self (hypothesis of self-enhancement). In these prior studies, the discrepancy between self-ratings and partners' ratings of self was related to self's rating of intimacy toward partner. In the current study, the same individual provided information about self-evaluation, how the person thought the partner evaluated self and the feeling of intimacy toward partner. People reported higher intimacy when they thought that their partners evaluated them more favorably than they evaluated themselves.
Leaf area and growth efficiency of regeneration in mixed species, multiaged forests of the Romanian Carpathians

Abstract Dynamics in volume growth efficiency of regenerating trees in different light environments were studied for the mountainous, mixed species multiaged forests in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania. The primary species in these mixtures were silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst). Leaf area–sapwood area relationships were developed for seedlings/saplings of each species. Height and diameter growth were measured and used to compute average annual stem volume growth of each tree. Percentage of above canopy light (PACL) and stand basal area were used as surrogates for the available growing space of each seedling/sapling. For all three species, volume growth of regenerating trees increased exponentially with leaf area. Conversely, growth efficiency followed a saturating increasing trend along the range in tree leaf area. Generally, growth efficiency increased with light and decreased with basal area. The fir was the most efficient in dense stands, while beech and spruce were less efficient and followed similar trends with basal area. In open, conifers showed similar efficiency rates while beech was less efficient. For beech, the lower rates in open compared to conifers and the similar rates in dense stands compared to spruce may be an artifact of using only stem volume to compute growth efficiency.
The effects of perforation sizes on laminar heat transfer characteristics of an array of perforated fins

Shaeri and Yaghoubi [25] reported the highest heat transfer rate in a laminar flow for a perforated fin with the most perforations (porosity), regardless of investigation on the effects of perforation sizes. In this study, the effects of size and number of perforations on laminar heat transfer characteristics of an array of perforated fins at the highest porosity of the study of Shaeri and Yaghoubi [25] have been numerically investigated. The Navier–Stokes and energy equations are solved by the finite volume procedure using the SIMPLE algorithm. Results show that at a specific porosity, the thermal entrance length of each perforation of a fin with a lower number of perforations is larger than that of each perforation of a fin with a higher number of perforations. Therefore, in a laminar flow and at a constant porosity, a fin with fewer perforations is more efficient to enhance the heat transfer rate compared with a fin with more perforations. Although perforated fins have higher friction drag and lower pressure drag with respect to solid fins, perforated fins do not affect total drag.
Plasma gonadotropins and prolactin in pseudopregnancy in the rat.

Radioimmunoassay presented a method of measuring plasma levels of FSHLH and prolactin in pseudopregnant rats. Plasma prolactin levels doubled 15 minutes following cervical probing (p < .01) on the day of estrus. Plasma LH levels were not significantly elevated. Due to the use of ether anesthesia at blood collecting 3 hr before and 15 minutes after stimulation only 1 of 16 rats developed pseudopregnancy. On Day 4 of pseudopregnancy in rats mated with vasectomized males; plasma LH was lower (p < .05) than in normal rats on the first day of diestrus perhaps due to the suppressive action of ovarian progesterone and some estrogen. FSH was higher than in normal rats (p < .05) perhaps due to the lesser sensitivity of FSH to the inhibitory effect of progesterone. Large decidoumata developed by Day 9 in uterine horns traumatized on Day 4 (153 plus or minus 8 mg uterus weight compared to 1510 plus or minus 204 mg). Thus the corpora remain functional after LH and prolactin are at normal and subnormal levels. On Day 9 plasma prolactin was lower than at Day 1 of diestrus (p < .001). Plasma FSH was elevated (p < .01). Plasma LH was unchanged. The degree of rise of LH levels 5 days following ovariectomy on Day 4 of psuedopregnancy or on the first day of diestrus was greater in the former group (p < .02) perhaps due to rebound of LH from suppression by ovarian steroids. FSH rose equally in both groups. Prolactin remain about the same. Increased prolactin release by the adenohypophysis was briefer than expected.
The determination of the quadrupole coupling tensor using nuclear magnetic resonance

Abstract A method is proposed to facilitate the determination of the nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor using NMR results from single-crystal electric-quadrupole studies. The method establishes the tensor elements from line splittings corresponding to symmetry-related tensors observed in a single plane of rotation provided that the plane is selected so that these splittings do not appear related by reflection symmetry. This single-rotation method is applicable to all crystal classes with symmetry higher than triclinic. It yields unique solutions in all cases where the number of distinct line splittings arising from symmetry-related tensors is different from four. While the method is discussed in relation to the perturbations produced by quadrupole effects in the deuteron NMR spectra of CaS0 4 ·2D 2 O and LiND 4 C 4 H 2 D 2 O 6 · D20, it may easily be extended to other fields such as ESR where a second-rank tensor must also be determined from magnetic resonance line splittings.
Managerial Competencies of Female and Male Construction Managers

Women hold relatively few project management positions in the construction industry. Most studies conclude that women’s exclusion from the industry is mostly due to the industry’s male-dominated culture, but no study ever attempted to find out whether women are excluded from project management positions in construction because they are deficient in managerial competencies. This study evaluates the managerial competencies of female project managers by administering a competency assessment test and comparing the results with the managerial competencies of male project managers. The management development questionnaire was used, where competency is defined by subjective comparison. All respondents occupied project management positions and were assessed in 20 different competencies. The study concluded that female project managers do not differ much from male project managers in terms of their managerial behaviors but perform better in “sensitivity,” “costumer focus,” and “authority and presence.”
Optimal size of self-adhesive preapplied electrode pads in pediatric defibrillation

Abstract We conclude that to minimize TTI, preapplied self-adhesive electrode pads should be at least 5.8 cm in diameter when used for pediatric patients. The 5.8 cm pad was easily applied to infants. Older children could easily accommodate the 7 cm pad. Therefore, we recommend a pad diameter of 5.8 cm for infants
Local impacts of a rural coal-burning generating station on lichen abundance in a New England forest

To test whether emissions from a coal-burning, electrical generating station in rural Massachusetts have had measurable ecological impacts on the surrounding riparian forest, we compared abundance of epiphytic lichens at different distances from the station. Per cent covers of crustose, fruticose, and foliose lichens were measured along 1-km transects downwind and upwind from the station on the north and south sides of trunks of two dominant tree species, Acer saccharinum and Populus deltoides. Lichen cover increased with distance from the station, especially in the upwind direction. The tendency for lichens to be more abundant on the north than on the south side of trees also increased with distance from the station. These effects of distance and side on lichen abundance were stronger in some lichen growth forms than in others and also depended on host tree species. Two different methods of measuring lichen cover, visual estimate and point occurrence, gave similar values. We conclude that emissions from the station have had measurable impacts on the adjoining plant community.
Lectotypifications and new combinations in North American Brassicaceae

Lectotypes are selected for names of five taxa in five genera of Brassicaceae;Boechera, Cardamine, Caulanthus, Cusickiella, Descurainia. Fourteen new combinations are made in six genera:Boechera, Descurainia, Erysimum, Parrya, Physaria, andThelypodium.
Diatom-Feeding Behaviour of the Free-Living Marine Nematode Chromadorita Tenuis

The feeding behaviour of the marine nematode Chromadorita tenuis on the pennate diatom Nitzschia sp. in agar culture is described and depicted. The two valves of the diatom are opened by damaging the girdle with the dorsal tooth and the contents sucked out. The empty frustule is then left in the substrate. Characteristic lipid droplets from the diatom cell can be observed in the intestine of the nematode in both living and fixed specimens. In the wild, patches of bacteria may be seen in the anteriormost part of the nematode's intestine. These findings confirm that the nematode is an epistratc feeder, with a preference for diatoms as food.
Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Statistical Copolymers Bearing Perfluoroalkylsulfonic Acid Moieties

The perfluoroalkylsulfonate monomer, N,N-diisopropylethylammonium 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pentafluoropropanesulfonate (HPPS), was synthesized in three steps. Using triethyl phosphite, hexafluoroacetone was first converted to ethyl pentafluoroisopropenyl ether. Reaction of the ether with sulfur trioxide produced 2-ketopentafluoropropanesulfonic acid. The acid was condensed with 2 equiv of phenol, and the product was isolated as the N,N-diisopropylethylammonium salt. The structure of the final product was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PAES) were prepared by homopolymerization of HPPS with bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone (FPS) and copolymerization of varying molar ratios of HPPS/biphenol (BP) with FPS. Copolymer number-average molecular weights were in the range 27 000−34 000 g/mol (GPC). Copolymer compositions ranged from 20 to 61 mol % HPPS (HPPS/BP molar ratio 0.25−1.56) as determined by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Ion exchange capacity of the copolymers (by titration) ranged fro...
Standard Young Tableaux in the Weyl Group Setting

Abstract A generalization of the notion of standard Young tableau has recently arisen from work on the representation theory of affine Hecke algebras. In the generalized setting, a standard tableau is defined to be any element of a finite Weyl group whose inversion set satisfies a certain pair of intersection conditions. In this paper, we prove that the set of generalized standard tableaux of fixed shape, when nonempty, is a certain interval in the weak ordering. In addition, we establish a nonemptiness criterion for the set of standard tableaux of prescribed shape. These results are obtained for shapes that satisfy an integrality condition.
The generalized Haar-Walsh transform

Problem Setup a graph G with vertices V = {v1, . . . , vN} an edge weight matrix W a data vector f ∈ R, where fi corresponds to vi Notation & Recursive Partitioning A preliminary step for the GHWT is to use recursive bisection to generate a recursive partitioning of the graph (see [1] for an example). Our notation is: j ∈ [0, jmax] denotes levels, where j = 0 is the coarsest level (the only region is the entire graph) and j = jmax is the finest level (each region is a single node) k ∈ [0,K ) indexes the regions on level j In addition, we let N j k denote the number of nodes in region k on level j If N j k > 1 then we let k ′ and k ′ + 1 denote the indices of the children regions on level j + 1 Basis Vector & Coefficient Notation GHWT basis vectors and coefficients are written as ψ k,` and d j k,`, respectively, where j and k correspond to level and region and ` is the tag. ` = 0 ⇒ scaling coefficient/basis vector ` = 1 ⇒ Haar-like coefficient/basis vector ` ≥ 2 ⇒ Walsh-like coefficient/basis vector
Computer‐mediated communication requirements for group support

This paper talks about the requirements of computer-mediated communication (CMC) for group support. An overview of CMC's historical evolution is presented. Advantages of CMC include opportunity for group to exhibit "collective intelligence", asynchronous support of communication process, self-tailoring of communication structures by users and groups, and the integration into the communication system of other computer resources and information systems. The main advantage of using CMC is in the very fundamental nature of the communication medium. The asynchronous approaches to group problem solving free individuals to deal with problems in those cognitive processes at which they excel. Seven asynchronous group process factors are also presented. A CMC metaphor is also presented. The metaphor components discussed are conferences, messages, activities and notifications. A conference can be tailored according to activities. An activity can be attached to any communication item. When triggered, it will execute a program or procedure in the local or remote host. Notification functions include alerting, closure and tracking. The concepts of roles, privileges, and tickets are also discussed. Finally, the components of two CMC systems are presented. These components include an object-oriented database, distributed user and group agents, a master virtual machine, and a SGML interface specification language.
Traduttore traditore: An analysis of the history of English translations of the Qur'an

A brief overview of the general problems of translation and of the specific problem of translating the Qur'an is followed by a history of published English translations of the entire Qur'an. A selection of translations from the seventeenth‐ to the beginning of the twentieth‐century by non‐Muslims, and of prominent and widespread twentieth‐century translations by Muslims, Ahmadiyyans, and non‐Muslims, is considered. In each case, the roles created for translators by the encounter between the English‐speaking West and Islam are investigated. Translation is seen to be an act both of betrayal and bequeathal, with historically‐situated communities of discourse construing particular translations one way or the other. In conclusion, some suggestions are offered for decreasing the potential destructiveness of offensive and defensive translational strategies.