cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Persistence of circannual cycles in a migratory bird held in constant dim light

1. Most studies of long-term endogenous cycles in birds have been performed in light:dark (L:D) cycles. In this study, male dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) were held in constant dim light (1−3 lx) and constant temperature for up to 3 years. Testicular cycles, molt, migratory fattening and nocturnal migratory activity (Zugunruhe) were monitored continuously. 2. Birds exhibited up to 3 cycles of gonadal growth and regression, spring pre-migratory fattening, molt, and spring and fall Zugunruhe. The annual cycle events maintained appropriate sequential relationships. The amplitude of successive testicular cycles did not decrease. 3. The annual cycles of individual birds drifted out of phase with one another, i.e., they appeared to free-run. Cycle lengths were quite variable: 6 to 20 months based on the interval between testicular maxima, and from 6 to 21 months based on the interval between the onset of post-nuptial molts. The cycles had a mean duration of 13.7 months (SD = 4.2 months) between testicular maxima, and 15.0 months (SD = 3.8 months) between the onset of post-nuptial molts. Therefore they may be considered circannual. 4. These data provide the strongest evidence for the existence of endogenous, free-running long-term rhythms in birds. They are consistent with a hypothesis in which annual cycles are based on a self-sustaining circannual oscillator upon which seasonal changes in daylength act as a Zeitgeber.
EXPERIMENTAL DYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF AN FRP COMPOSITE BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURE ASSEMBLY

A system comprised of concrete filled, filament wound, circular carbon/epoxy girders and an E-glass/polyester deck, representative of a bridge section in the positive moment region was tested at large scale to assess the overall and component structural response. The system was characterized for stiffness and overall response under monotonic and cyclic fatigue loads. Forced vibration testing was conducted as part of a level I non-destructive evaluation (NDE) procedure at each of the test stages, including after failure. Experimental results from the tests were seen to correspond well with analytical results for mode shapes and frequencies obtained through an eigenvalue analysis of a plane-grillage finite element model. The test method was shown to be effective in indicating changes in response as a function of load level and damage accumulation, and is expected to have significant potential for eventual routine health monitoring and damage detection of such structural systems in the field.
Magnetic tracking for TomoTherapy systems: gradiometer based methods to filter eddy-current magnetic fields.

Purpose: TomoTherapy systems lack real-time, tumor tracking. A possible solution is to use electromagnetic markers; however, eddy-current magnetic fields generated in response to a magnetic source can be comparable to the signal, thus degrading the localization accuracy. Therefore, the tracking system must be designed to account for the eddy fields created along the inner bore conducting surfaces. The aim of this work is to investigate localization accuracy using magnetic field gradients to determine feasibility toward TomoTherapy applications. Methods: Electromagnetic models are used to simulate magnetic fields created by a source and its simultaneous generation of eddy currents within a conducting cylinder. The source position is calculated using a least-squares fit of simulated sensor data using the dipole equation as the model equation. To account for field gradients across the sensor area (∼25 cm2), an iterative method is used to estimate the magnetic field at the sensor center. Spatial gradients are calculated with two arrays of uniaxial, paired sensors that form a gradiometer array, where the sensors are considered ideal. Results: Experimental measurements of magnetic fields within the TomoTherapy bore are shown to be 1%–10% less than calculated with the electromagnetic model. Localization results using a 5 × 5 array of gradiometers are, in general, 2–4 times more accurate than a planar array of sensors, depending on the solenoid orientation and position. Simulation results show that the localization accuracy using a gradiometer array is within 1.3 mm over a distance of 20 cm from the array plane. In comparison, localization errors using single array are within 5 mm. Conclusions: The results indicate that the gradiometer method merits further studies and work due to the accuracy achieved with ideal sensors. Future studies should include realistic sensor models and extensive numerical studies to estimate the expected magnetic tracking accuracy within a TomoTherapy system before proceeding with prototype development.
Cultural Evolution of Puget Sound White‐Crowned Sparrow Song Dialects

The songs of male Puget Sound white-crowned sparrows currently form about 12 dialects along the Pacific Northwest coast. In his survey of 1970, Baptista (Condor 1977; 79: 356–370) defined six of the dialects based on the song’s terminal trill because most males at each locality shared the simple syllables (SSs) in this trill. The complex syllables (CSs) in the song’s introduction varied among males at a locality, and were often shared among localities. From 1997 to 2004 we revisited nine of the sites Baptista studied to determine whether the SSs and CSs had changed over the 30-yr interval. Using Baptista’s catalogs of SS and CS types as bases for comparison, we found that the relative proportions of CS types changed significantly more over time than did the proportions of SS types. These results suggest that SSs and CSs evolve independently. Observations were also made on the developmental mechanisms that either produce diversity or maintain uniformity in song phrases. In a survey of 670 field-recorded songs, unique improvizations occurred significantly more often in CSs than in SSs. In a laboratory experiment using hand-reared males and multiple song tutors, males were significantly more accurate in imitating SSs than CSs. In choosing their final song to keep from their overproduced repertoire, yearling males tended to retain the song type that matched the SSs in the song played back to them. We conclude by discussing how differences in the functions served by these two song phrases may have led to their different rates of cultural evolution.
Investigation of ion binding in ionic polysaccharide solutions using Tb(III) as a luminescent probe

The luminescence properties of a series of lanthanide-substituted ionic polysaccharides have been examined in an attempt to learn about the nature of interactions between the metalions and the polymers. Emission and excitation spectra were obtained for Tb(III) complexes with carboxymethyl cellulose, Sclerox S-1.0, alginate, polygalacturonic acid, amylose sulfate, dextran sulfate, and i-carrageenan. Studies of the chirality associated with the metal-ion binding sites were performed through the use of circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. It was learned that the lanthanide ions could form complexes with polysaccharides in the electrostatic manner of polyelectrolytes, and that specific ligating groups could further influence the metal-ion binding characteristics.
Bound for the Hadronic Contributions to the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Muon

A rigorous bound is calculated for the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The bound is free of phenomenological input; only the analyticity of the pion electromagnetic form factor is assumed. An improved bound is then calculated by using the experimental value of the electromagnetic radius of the pion as input.
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the CVLT (Dementia Version)

This study investigated the convergent and discriminant validity of the 9-item “dementia version” of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-9) in a sample of 130 geriatric patients evaluated for memory complaints. Moderate correlations were observed between the CVLT-9 sum of words recalled for trials 1–5 (Trial 1–5 Recall) and Long-Delay Free Recall (LDFR) measures and the immediate and delayed Logical Memory (LM I and LM II) and Visual Reproduction (VR I and VR II) subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R). However, the CVLT-9 Trial 1–5 Recall and VR I measures demonstrated significant correlations with a number of additional measures of language and visuospatial ability. The CVLT-9 LDFR, and the WMS-R LM I, LM II, and VR II showed less overlap with non-episodic memory functioning. A principal components analysis yielded a three-component solution consisting of a general or “g” component, a specific memory component, and a mood component. The CVLT-9 Trial 1–5 Recall and VR I loaded on bo...
The New Transatlantic Agenda at Ten: Reflections on an Experiment in International Governance*

The 1995 New Transatlantic Agenda (NTA) represents anovel experiment in international governance, linking the institutions of the EU and the United States at the intergovernmental, transgovernmental and transnational levels. This article draws lessons from the NTA after its first decade, noting tensions in the Brussels-Washington relationship, a highly variable pattern of effectiveness in transgovernmental regulatory co-operation, and a largely ineffectual record of transnational civil-society co-operation.
The effectiveness of stand alone air cleaners for shelter-in-place.

UNLABELLED Stand-alone air cleaners may be efficient for rapid removal of indoor fine particles and have potential use for shelter-in-place (SIP) strategies following acts of bioterrorism. A screening model was employed to ascertain the potential significance of size-resolved particle (0.1-2 microm) removal using portable high efficiency particle arresting (HEPA) air cleaners in residential buildings following an outdoor release of particles. The number of stand-alone air cleaners, air exchange rate, volumetric flow rate through the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, and size-resolved particle removal efficiency in the HVAC filter were varied. The effectiveness of air cleaners for SIP was evaluated in terms of the outdoor and the indoor particle concentration with air cleaner(s) relative to the indoor concentration without air cleaners. Through transient and steady-state analysis of the model it was determined that one to three portable HEPA air cleaners can be effective for SIP following outdoor bioaerosol releases, with maximum reductions in particle concentrations as high as 90% relative to conditions in which an air cleaner is not employed. The relative effectiveness of HEPA air cleaners vs. other removal mechanisms was predicted to decrease with increasing particle size, because of increasing competition by particle deposition with indoor surfaces and removal to HVAC filters. However, the effect of particle size was relatively small for most scenarios considered here. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The results of a screening analysis suggest that stand-alone (portable) air cleaners that contain high efficiency particle arresting (HEPA) filters can be effective for reducing indoor fine particle concentrations in residential dwellings during outdoor releases of biological warfare agents. The relative effectiveness of stand-alone air cleaners for reducing occupants' exposure to particles of outdoor origin depends on several factors, including the type of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) filter, HVAC operation, building air exchange rate, particle size, and duration of elevated outdoor particle concentration. Maximum particle reductions, relative to no stand-alone air cleaners, of 90% are predicted when three stand-alone air cleaners are employed.
Effects of acute ethanol exposure on anxiety measures and epigenetic modifiers in the extended amygdala of adolescent rats

Epigenetic mechanisms appear to play an important role in neurodevelopment. We investigated the effects of acute ethanol exposure on anxiety measures and function of histone deacetylases (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) in the amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) of adolescent rats. One hour after ethanol exposure, rats were subjected to anxiety measures. A subset of adolescent rats was exposed to two doses (24 h apart) of ethanol (2 g/kg) to measure rapid ethanol tolerance to anxiolysis. The HDAC and DNMT activities and mRNA levels of DNMT isoforms were measured in the amygdala and BNST. The lower dose of ethanol (1 g/kg) produced neither anxiolysis, nor inhibited the HDAC and DNMT activities in the amygdala and BNST, except DNMT activity in BNST was attenuated. Anxiolysis by ethanol was observed at 2 and 2.25 g/kg, whereas higher doses (2.5 and 3 g/kg) were found to be sedative. DNMT activity in the amygdala and BNST, and nuclear HDAC activity in the amygdala, but not in the BNST were also inhibited by these doses of ethanol. A lack of tolerance was observed on ethanol-induced inhibition of DNMT activity in the amygdala and BNST, and nuclear HDAC activity in the amygdala, as well to anxiolysis produced by ethanol (2 g/kg). The DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b mRNA expression in the amygdala was not affected by either 1or 2 doses of 2 g/kg. However, DNMT1 and DNMT3a expression in the BNST was increased, whereas DNMT3l mRNA was decreased in the amygdala, after 2 doses of 2 g/kg ethanol. These results suggest that reduced sensitivity to anxiolysis and the lack of rapid tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of ethanol and inhibition of HDAC and DNMT functions may play a role in engaging adolescents in binge drinking patterns.
Modeling the effects of historical vegetation change on near-surface atmosphere in the northern Chihuahuan Desert

Our goal was to evaluate effects of broad-scale changes in vegetation from grasslands to shrublands over the past 150 years on near-surface atmosphere over the Jornada Experimental Range in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, using a regional climate model. Simulations were conducted using 1858 and 1998 vegetation maps, and data collected in the field. Overall, the vegetation shift led to small changes in sensible heat (SH) and an increase in latent heat (LH). The impacts of shrub encroachment depended on shrubland type: conversion from grass to mesquite cools the near-surface atmosphere and from grass to creosotebush warms it. Higher albedo of mesquite relative to grasses reduced available energy, which was dissipated mainly as LH due to the deeper root system in mesquite. In creosotebush-dominated areas, a decrease in albedo, an increase in roughness length and displacement height contributed to the SH increase and warmer temperatures. Sensitivity simulations showed that an increase in soil moisture content enhanced shrub LH and a reduction in mesquite cover enhanced the temperature differences. The observed shift in vegetation led to complex interactions between land and surface fluxes, demonstrating that vegetation itself is a weather and climate variable as it significantly influences temperature and humidity.
Toxicity of Selenium in Brazil Nuts to Rats

Nuts from Bertholletia excelsa, commonly known as Brazil nuts, were analyzed for selenium. Of 529 nuts from one commercial source, 6% were found to contain 100 ppm selenium or more. The mean value for all nuts was 29.6 ppm and the median value was 13.4 ppm. Hexane extracted high-selenium Brazil nut meal in a corn-based diet fed to rats produced toxicity similar to that obtained from seleniferous corn, selenomethionine or sodium selenite as assessed by weight gain, visually scored liver damage, and liver, kidney, and spleen weights. Selenium contents of liver, kidney, spleen, and blood were also determined. It is suggested that the selenium in Brazil nuts is as biologically potent as that from other sources.
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF EATING REGULATION IN OBESE AND NONOBESE CHILDREN

Abstract Bite rate, sip rate, and concurrent activities of six 7-yr-old children, three obese and three nonobese, were observed at lunchtime over a six-month period. A procedure for decreasing bite rate, putting eating utensils down between bites, was implemented in a multiple-baseline across-subjects design. Sip rates and concurrent activities were observed to assess behavioral covariations. In addition, bite rate and amount of food completed were computed over six food categories to analyze food preferences. Results indicated the control of bite rate acorss all subjects, with a significant reduction in amount of food consumed. Correlations between the response classes indicated they were at least partially independent. Differences in eating behavior of obese and nonobese subjects were observed for breadstuffs and milk drinking.
Purloined Information As Property: A New First Amendment Challenge

Pentagon Papers case brought question of defining government documents as property into focus, but Dodd case set the stage for this approach.
MRI of the pediatric knee.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe findings on MRI in the evaluation of knee injury in pediatric patients.CONCLUSION. Injury patterns in the pediatric knee overlap and differ from adults. Differences include open physes, changing mechanics, and differences in ligamentous support. Awareness of normal variants, common incidental findings, and normal evolution of bone marrow aid in the interpretation.
Muscarinic receptor/G-protein coupling is reduced in the dorsomedial striatum of cognitively impaired aged rats.

Behavioral flexibility, the ability to modify responses due to changing task demands, is detrimentally affected by aging with a shift towards increased cognitive rigidity. The neurobiological basis of this cognitive deficit is not clear although striatal cholinergic neurotransmission has been implicated. To investigate the possible association between striatal acetylcholine signaling with age-related changes in behavioral flexibility, young, middle-aged, and aged F344 X Brown Norway F1 rats were assessed using an attentional set-shifting task that includes two tests of behavioral flexibility: reversal learning and an extra-dimensional shift. Rats were also assessed in the Morris water maze to compare potential fronto-striatal-dependent deficits with hippocampal-dependent deficits. Behaviorally characterized rats were then assessed for acetylcholine muscarinic signaling within the striatum using oxotremorine-M-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding and [3H]AFDX-384 receptor binding autoradiography. The results showed that by old age, cognitive deficits were pronounced across cognitive domains, suggesting deterioration of both hippocampal and fronto-striatal regions. A significant decline in oxotremorine-M-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding was limited to the dorsomedial striatum of aged rats when compared to young and middle-aged rats. There was no effect of age on striatal [3H]AFDX-384 receptor binding. These results suggest that a decrease in M2/M4 muscarinic receptor coupling is involved in the age-associated decline in behavioral flexibility.
Order Statistics for Discrete Populations and for Grouped Samples

Abstract The aim of this paper is two-fold: (1) To give a unified treatment of the theory of order statistics when the parent distribution is not necessarily continuous. (2) To assess the effects of grouping on the distribution of order statistics and to indicate the convenience, under suitable conditions, of using order statistics for the estimation of parameters from grouped data with or without censoring.
Keeping Up Appearances: The Moral Philosophy of Robert Sokolowski

There is a pause at the beginning of the second book of the Republic, just after Socrates so deftly muzzles Thrasymachus. Suddenly Glaucon, eager for more, disturbs the calm and attempts to restore Thrasymachus’s argument on a sounder footing. Thrasymachus, it will be recalled, foundered because his spirited glorification of injustice was seen to collide with his concern for how he looked to others: the sophist proved to be a sheep in wolf’s clothing. Glaucon tries to remedy the deficiencies in Thrasymachus’s position by confronting the problem of appearances, and in two ways. In the first place, he confesses to Socrates and the others that his own vindication of injustice is not what it seems. He does not propose to furnish a just argument on behalf of the unjust, but only to provoke from Socrates more fulsome praise of justice. As regards the substance of his argument, secondly, Glaucon resorts to the conceit of Gyges’ ring in order to establish that human beings avoid injustice and do the just thing only out of fear of being found out. The spirited young man supposes that justice is successfully defended only if it can be shown to be good “all by itself,” i.e., good for a perfectly just man who appears in every way to be unjust. Socrates hints that there is something very contrived about this supposition: Glaucon in fact wants the invisible to be made intelligible, the wholly “in itself” to be also “for us.” Nevertheless, he seems perfectly willing to honor the young man’s request.
Compliance with Mandated Child Abuse Reporting: Comparing Physicians and Teachers

Abstract Despite being mandated to report child abuse, there is often a decision by physicians and teachers not to report suspected abuse. Fifty-six recently trained physicians and teachers were compared on rates and knowledge of child abuse reporting and responses to case vignettes of sexual abuse. T-tests demonstrated differences between the groups with physicians making significantly more reports and assisting in child abuse reporting more often than teachers. The training of both professionals was compared, and in general, the physicians reported receiving more adequate preservice and professional training in child abuse. These findings have implications for the development of future educational experiences for these professionals.
Reflections on Ethnographic Work in Political Science

The objectivist truth claims traditionally pressed by most political scientists have made the use of ethnographic methods particularly fraught in the discipline. This article explores what ethnography as a method entails. It makes distinctions between positivist and interpretivist ethnographies and highlights some of the substantive contributions ethnography has made to the study of politics. Lamenting the discipline's abandonment of a conversation with anthropology after Geertz, this review also insists on moving beyond the anthropological controversies so powerfully expressed in the edited volume Writing Culture (1986) and other texts of the 1980s and 1990s. I contend that interpretive social science does not have to forswear generalizations or causal explanations and that ethnographic methods can be used in the service of establishing them. Rather than fleeing from abstractions, ethnographies can and should help ground them.
Study of degradation of polystyrene by means of mass spectrometry

The degradation of polystyrene by heat and ultraviolet radiant energy was followed by mass spectrometric analysis of the gaseous products evolved. Oxygen content, discoloration, and insolubility of the treated polymer were also investigated. The degradation of polystyrene involves two different processes: (1) the breakdown of thermolabile groups formed in the polymer prior to degradative treatment; this breakdown is caused by exposure to heat at 120°C. in vacuo and 115°C. in oxygen and to ultraviolet radiant energy at 120°C. in vacuo and 118°C. in oxygen; it is accompanied by the removal of residual materials such as solvent; and (2) the oxidation of the polymer caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiant energy in the presence of oxygen. The evolution of benzene, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylbenzenes, and alcohols is associated with the first stage involving the breakdown of thermolabile groups and the removal of residual materials. Compounds such as formaldehyde, formic acid, and acetic acid are produced as a result of oxidation of the polymer. The oxygen content of the polymer was decreased from 0.33 to approximately 0.1 percent by heating at 120°C. in vacuo and at 115°C. in oxygen, and by exposure to ultraviolet radiant energy at 120°C. in vacuo. Ultraviolet treatment at 118°C. in oxygen for 250 hours quadrupled the original oxygen concentration. Discoloration of the polystyrene was definitely noted only on exposure to ultraviolet radiant energy in oxygen and is associated with oxidation of the polymer. The material became insoluble as a result of all heat and ultraviolet treatments. The amount of insoluble material increased with severity of exposure conditions.
Symmetry of Positive Solutions of Asymptotically Symmetric Parabolic Problems on {{\mathbb R}^N}

In this paper we investigate symmetry properties of positive solution of quasilinear parabolic problems in the whole space. As the main result, we prove that if the problem converges exponentially to a symmetric one, then the solution converges to the space of symmetric functions. We also show, that this result does not hold true, if the convergence is not exponential.
THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSEAL INJECTION AND IMPLANTS ON THE ACTIVITY OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS

The present experiments were undertaken to determine whether rats made inactive by hypophysectomy could be restored to normal behavior by daily injections of fresh hypophyseal tissue, or by hypophyseal implants. Observations were made simultaneously on the effects produced by these forms of replacement therapy on body weight, food, and water intake and the reproductive tract, as well as on the glands of internal secretion.
Families and family study in international perspective

Many changes are occurring in the world's families. Some observers feel that the changes are destructive, whereas others see them as leading to new opportunities and understanding. Issues in international family studies include regional limitations and the various aspects of doing research cross-culturally. Knowledge regarding certain categories of families, inheritance, and the social psychology of families is incomplete. There are, however, some universals and universal or worldwide changes, including movement toward individual partner choice, more divorces, lower fertility, and greater opportunities for women.
Coronary heart disease mortality and adjuvant tamoxifen therapy.

Background and purpose Data from randomized clinical trials in Scotland and Sweden testing the efficacy of tamoxifen therapy in patients with breast cancer have suggested that the drug may also reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. In view of these findings, we examined mortality from coronary heart disease among patients with early stage breast cancer who were enrolled in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-14 trial of tamoxifen therapy. Methods Deaths occurring among women who were randomly assigned to 5 years of either tamoxifen or placebo in the first phase of the B-14 trial were reviewed to determine the cause. Three categories of heart disease-related death were defined: 1) death from a definite fatal myocardial infarction, 2) death from definite fatal coronary heart disease/possible myocardial infarction, and 3) death from possible fatal coronary heart disease. Comparisons of the findings by treatment group were made on the basis of average annual hazard (i.e., death) rates and the corresponding relative hazard of death. Results The average annual death rate from coronary heart disease was lower for patients who received tamoxifen than for patients who received placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. There were eight definite heart-related deaths (i.e., definite fatal myocardial infarction or definite fatal coronary heart disease/possible myocardial infarction) among the patients who received tamoxifen, yielding an average annual rate of 0.62 per 1000 patients. There were 12 definite heart-related deaths among the patients who received placebo, yielding an average annual rate of 0.94 per 1000. The corresponding relative hazard of death from definite fatal heart disease (tamoxifen versus placebo) was 0.66 (95% confidence interval = 0.27-1.61). Eleven deaths in the tamoxifen group and 10 deaths in the placebo group were classified as possible cases of fatal coronary heart disease. When these cases and the definite cases were considered together, the average annual death rate for the patients who received tamoxifen was 1.48 per 1000, and the rate for the patients who received placebo was 1.73 per 1000. The corresponding relative hazard of death was 0.85 (95% confidence interval = 0.46-1.58). Conclusions The findings from the B-14 trial are consistent with the findings from the Scottish and the Swedish trials, suggesting that tamoxifen treatment reduces coronary heart disease among patients with breast cancer. Continued follow-up of the patients in these trials and in ongoing prevention trials is needed to accumulate enough data so that reliable conclusions can be drawn about the benefits of tamoxifen in preventing heart disease.
Propagation loss and facet reflectivity of very compact substrate removed GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides at 1550 nm

Facet reflectivity and propagation loss of very compact substrate removed GaAs/AlGaAs optical waveguides were studied both theoretically and experimentally. Propagation loss as low as 1 dB/cm was demonstrated. The measured propagation loss correlates well with calculation.
Nutritional aspect of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: its clinical importance

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of the disease is rapidly increasing worldwide, and a number of patients are diagnosed during their childhood or adolescence. Aside from controlling the gastrointestinal symptoms, nutritional aspects such as growth, bone mineral density, anemia, micronutrient deficiency, hair loss, and diet should also be closely monitored and managed by the pediatric IBD team especially since the patients are in the development phase.
Fontidessus Miller and Spangler, a new genus of Bidessini from Venezuela (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae) with three new species

A new genus, Fontidessus n. gen., and three new species F. toboganensis n. sp., F. ornatus n. sp., and F. wheeleri n. sp., are described from Venezuela. The new genus is similar to Uvarus and Bidessodes but is distinguished from all other Bidessini (including these) by a combination of the following: 1) transverse occipital line absent, 2) basal pronotal striae present, 3) basal elytral stria absent, 4) elytral sutural stria faintly present in some specimens, 5) anterior clypeal margin unmodified, 6) elytron without longitudinal carinae, 7) epipleuron without transverse carina at humeral angle, 8) lateral lobes of aedeagus two-segmented, 9) habitus elongate, oval, with lateral pronotal and elytral margins nearly continuously and shallowly curved, and 10) metatrochanter extremely large relative to metafemur, approximately 0.6 × length of metafemur.
Susceptibility of the brown dog tick (Acari: Ixodidae) to fresh residues of acaricides: laboratory assays and comparison of susceptibility of different life stages of the lone star and American dog tick.

Five- to 7-week-old nymphs of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille), were exposed for 22 to 24 h to residues of acetone dilutions of 27 technical acaricides on disposable glass pipettes. Effectiveness of the compounds in killing ticks ranged from an LC50 of 0.000026% for propoxur to an LC50 of 0.053% for chlordane. The relative susceptibility (LC50) of the life stages of the brown dog tick, American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), to four acaricides was: larvae > nymphs > adults. Each analogous stage of the brown dog tick was generally more susceptible to permethrin, diazinon, and carbary1 than the same stage of the American dog tick or the lone star tick. Brown dog ticks were less susceptible to lindane, however, indicating the need for field data on each species in control programs in which acaricides are used.
Super Oxygen and Improved Water Vapor Barrier of Polypropylene Film with Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Nanocoatings

Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is widely used in packaging. Although its orientation increases mechanical strength and clarity, BOPP suffers from a high oxygen transmission rate (OTR). Multilayer thin films are deposited from water using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is combined with either poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or vermiculite (VMT) clay to impart high oxygen barrier. A 30-bilayer PEI/VMT nanocoating (226 nm thick) improves the OTR of 17.8 μm thick BOPP by more than 30X, rivaling most inorganic coatings. PEI/PAA multilayers achieve comparable barrier with only 12 bilayers due to greater thickness, but these films exhibit increased oxygen permeability at high humidity. The PEI/VMT coatings actually exhibit improved oxygen barrier at high humidity (and also improve moisture barrier by more than 40%). This high barrier BOPP meets the criteria for sensitive food and some electronics packaging applications. Additionally, this water-based coating technology is cost effective and provides an opportunity to produce high barrier polypropylene film on an industrial scale.
Key Technology on Temperature Measurement by Thermocouple

This essay describes the physical foundation of thermocouple temperature measurement,analyzes the general method of cold junction temperature compensation during thermocouple temperature measurement,and introduces the common fault and trouble shooting of thermocouple.
Slavery and the Atlantic Slave Trade in Brazil and Cuba from an Afro-Atlantic Perspective

This text presents the seven articles that forms the dossier, stressing its common bases and some of its particularities.
Concentration, accumulation and distribution characteristics of nutrient elements in Parashorea chinensis plantation

The concentration, accumulation and distribution of five nutrient elements, including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, were studied in 32 years old Parashorea chinensis plantation stand in southwest of Guangxi. The results showed that the concentration of these five nutrient elements in different components of P. chinensis was roughly in the order of leaf bark branch root stem. The content of N was the highest in leaf, while the content of Ca was the highest in other components, followed by N, P and Mg, the content of K was the lowest. The total accumulations of five nutrient elements in P. chinensis was 2 451.65 kg/hm2, showed as Ca N Mg P K. The annual net accumulation of these five nutrient elements was 76.61 kg/hm2. The net production of organic matter per ton needed 7.12 kg of these five elements in tree layer, the Ca elements amount was the biggest, followed by the N, Mg and P, and the K was the smallest. The order of accumulation of nutrient elements in P. chinensis was stem bark leaf branch root. The average contents of N, P, K elements in shrub layer, herb layer and litter layer were slightly larger than those in tree layer, and the accumulation of three nutrient elements were 7.69, 13.58, 64.89 kg/hm2, respectively.
Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis in Children

Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in 302 children presenting with CNS demyelination to health-care facilities in Canada included HLA-DRB1*15 alleles, previous infection with Epstein-Barr virus, and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
'Catfights' and the Male Gaze: News Coverage of a South Dakota Congressional Race

This paper employs media framing analysis to explore stereotypes in the news coverage of a political race with two women candidates competing against each other. The focus is on the 2010 race for the U.S. Representative for South Dakota’s at-large congressional district, in which the Republican candidate, Kristi Noem, won over the Democratic incumbent, Stephanie Herseth Sandlin. The analysis employs the theoretical frameworks of agency, male gaze, and benevolent sexism. The findings suggest that perceived agency in its traditional, masculine conception was the ultimate winner at the polls. A rancher, a hunter, and a daredevil driver with multiple speeding tickets and two arrest warrants, Noem, dubbed the “Sarah Palin of South Dakota,” managed to win despite speculations about her recklessness. The race resurrected the “catfight” narrative used to denigrate women’s desire for political power, and implicitly objectified the two candidates.
Studies on heart phosphofructokinase. Binding properties of native enzyme and of enzyme desensitized to allosteric control.

Abstract The binding properties of purified sheep heart phosphofructokinase were studied with a gel filtration technique and were compared with those of enzyme desensitized to allosteric control by photooxidation. The enzyme, after treatment with charcoal, had a tendency to aggregate and to be retained on Sephadex columns. Binding studies, therefore, had to be carried out in the presence of different substrates, sulfate or phosphate salts, to obtain maximum enzyme recovery. The native enzyme binds, at saturation, 3.6 moles of ATP and 2.0 moles of citrate per 100,000 g. ATP inhibits binding of the enzyme to citrate. The binding of fructose-6-P is dependent on protein concentration. The enzyme binds as much as 11.8 moles of fructose-6-P per 100,000 g. Much of this binding is on sites which are nonspecific. In the presence of inorganic phosphate the nonspecific binding was reduced to a minimum, and the enzyme binds only 1.75 moles of fructose-6-P per 100,000 g. The photooxidized enzyme binds at saturation 2 moles of ATP, 2 moles of fructose-6-P per 100,000 g, and no citrate. The results indicate that there are two catalytic sites and two allosteric sites per 100,000 g. ATP, therefore, besides being a substrate, is also a modifier which inhibits the enzyme by binding at a site different from the catalytic site, namely the allosteric site. Citrate, like ATP, inhibits phosphofructokinase by binding at the same allosteric site. The effect of different enzyme effectors was tested on the binding of the above mentioned substrates. Fructose-1,6-di-P decreases the affinity of both native and photooxidized enzyme for ATP binding. The hexose diphosphate does not affect the affinity of the native enzyme to citrate binding but reduces the number of its binding sites for citrate. β-Glycerophosphate, as well as inorganic phosphate, reduces the binding of ATP to the enzyme. The adenylic nucleotides, inorganic phosphate, and β-glycero-P inhibit citrate binding. Cyclic 3',5'-AMP is the most potent of these agents. The results are discussed in connection with the allosteric kinetics and other physicochemical properties of phosphofructokinase.
Band offsets of ultrathin high- κ oxide films with Si

Valence- and conduction-band edges of ultrathin oxides (${\text{SiO}}_{2}$, ${\text{HfO}}_{2}$, ${\text{Hf}}_{0.7}{\text{Si}}_{0.3}{\text{O}}_{2}$, ${\text{ZrO}}_{2}$, and ${\text{Al}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}$) grown on a silicon substrate have been measured using ultraviolet photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopies in the same UHV chamber. The combination of these two techniques has enabled the direct determination of the oxide energy gaps as well as the offsets of the oxide valence- and conduction-band edges from those of the silicon substrate. These results are supplemented with synchrotron x-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements allowing further characterization of the oxide composition and the evaluation of the silicon substrate contribution to the spectra. The electron affinity has also been systematically measured on the same samples. We find reasonably good agreement with earlier experiments where assumptions regarding energy-gap values were needed to establish the conduction-band offsets. The systematics of our photoemission and inverse photoemission results on different ultrathin films provide a comprehensive comparison of these related systems.
Introduction—Stewardship Reconsidered: Academic Work and the Faithful Christian

This introduction invites readers to consider a Christian understanding of stewardship within the academy, particularly as it relates to the formation of doctoral students and new faculty. Drawing from the work of the Carnegie Initiative on the Doctorate, Scales and Howell follow the claim that stewardship of an academic discipline might serve as a useful framework for doctoral student formation. Further examining the (mis)appropriation of the term stewardship within the history of the church, the authors highlight potential pitfalls. Scholars may fail to acknowledge that God is the source of our knowledge or may assume that intellectual goods can be selfishly owned rather than freely shared.
Local Excise Taxes, Sticky Prices, and Spillovers: Evidence from Berkeley's Soda Tax

This paper evaluates the price and consumption effects of the first municipal soda tax imposed in the United States. Using high-resolution scanner data and data-driven approaches to select comparison units for counterfactual analysis, we estimate the tax has no effect on prices or consumption at drugstores, but modestly increases supermarket prices of some soda products, constituting a minority of soda consumption. We find limited evidence of reduced supermarket purchases of soda in the taxed jurisdiction. Half of these reduced purchases are substituted to just outside the taxed jurisdiction. Retailers' limited price responses are attributed to the localness of the tax.
Tropospheric Aerosol Formation: Processes, Observations and Simulations

Aerosols are recognized to have a role in global and regional climate and chemistry [1,2]. Sources of aerosols include mechanical generation (e.g., soil dust, sea salt spray, smoke and ash), and dispersed sources due to gas-to-particle conversion. New simultaneous measurements of ultrafine particles (i.e., having sizes from ~3–20 nm) and precursor vapor concentrations (notably H2SO4) [3–8] provides new windows into understanding natural aerosol formation processes. Nevertheless, the basic mechanisms leading to aerosol generation remain unresolved. In recent years, attention has focused on the possibility of binary homogeneous nucleation (BI-IN) of sulfuric acid and water vapor under a variety of conditions [9,10]. However, in direct applications of the classical BI-N theory [11], new particle formation is precluded in many typical situations in the lower atmosphere [3,4,12–18].
The Influence of Occlusion Therapy on Eso Deviations

Occlusion as a treatment for amblyopia has been thought to carry a risk of increasing the size of an esotropia. We studied ninety three patients with ET treated with occlusion therapy. Our study sh...
Comments on “Anderson Acceleration, Mixing and Extrapolation”

The Extrapolation Algorithm is a technique devised in 1962 for accelerating the rate of convergence of slowly converging Picard iterations for fixed point problems. Versions to this technique are now called Anderson Acceleration in the applied mathematics community and Anderson Mixing in the physics and chemistry communities, and these are related to several other methods extant in the literature. We seek here to broaden and deepen the conceptual foundations for these methods, and to clarify their relationship to certain iterative methods for root-finding problems. For this purpose, the Extrapolation Algorithm will be reviewed in some detail, and selected papers from the existing literature will be discussed, both from conceptual and implementation perspectives.
Ideas for Green Growth Strategies

Would you like an organization that delivers spectacular customer satisfaction and consistently outperforms its competition? How do you use the power of the compete (Blue) quadrant of the Competing Values Framework (CVF) to generate value-enhancing growth? This chapter shows you how. Growth in the Blue quadrant comes from mergers and acquisitions, strategic divestitures, establishing a market niche and developing a brand, extending existing products and services to new markets, and developing new products through a series of small improvements. Speed and a market focus permeate all these strategies.
Medical Resident/Physician Performance

Around-the-clock patient care has traditionally been satisfied by heroic physician trainee work hours. Justifications for these burdens are rooted in arguments related to education, professional identity, and economics. Accumulated evidence regarding sleep restriction and, to a lesser extent, other aspects of sleep/wake homeostasis, led to the introduction of duty hour regulations by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). This article will highlight studies that examine the impacts of sleep deprivation, circadian misalignment, and sleep inertia, discuss the impacts of regulations on myriad aspects of medical care, summarize current ACGME regulations, and suggest areas for further investigation.
Viewing assessments of patient-reported heath status as conversations: Implications for developing and evaluating patient-reported outcome measures

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are frequently used in research to reflect the patient's perspective. In this commentary, I argue that further improvements can be made in how we develop and evaluate PROMs by viewing assessment as a type of conversation. Philosophically speaking, a PROM assessment can be conceptualized as a formal conversation that serves as a model of an informal, longer, and more nuanced conversation with a research participant about their health experience. Psychologically speaking, evidence from research in survey methodology and discursive psychology shows that respondents to self-report measures behave in ways consistent with the idea that they are doing their best to participate in a conversation, albeit an unusual one. Several suggestions are offered for creating a better conversational context through study materials and PROM instructions, and by improving the yield of cognitive interviews. It is hoped that this commentary can stimulate further discussions in our field regarding how to integrate insights about the conversational nature of assessment from survey research and discursive psychology to better reflect the patient's voice in research.
Facts About Fluoride

Fluoride is important for healthy bones and teeth. It increases the density of bones and also can stimulate the growth of new bone. Fluoride increases the amount of minerals in our teeth and even can reverse the progression of dental cavities. People who don’t get enough fluoride have much greater rates of dental decay and cavities than those who get enough fluoride. Due to water fluoridation, almost one-half of American children have never had a cavity in their permanent teeth. This 2-page fact sheet was written by Anne Kendall [Casella], and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, July 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy887