cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bayes adaptive control of two-echelon inventory systems i: development for a special case of one-station lower echelon and monte carlo evaluation

Bayes adaptive control policies are developed in the present paper for the special case of a one-station lower echelon: a Poisson distribution of demand, whose mean is assumed to have a prior gamma distribution. The cost structure is of a common type. The ordering policy for the upper echelon, which minimizes expected cost, is replaced by a new type of policy, called Bayes prediction policy. This policy does not require tedious computations, of the sort required by dynamic programming solutions. The characteristics of the policies are studied by Monte Carlo simulation, and supplemented by further theoretical development.
A Case of Primary HIV Type 1 and Cytomegalovirus Coinfection Presenting with Widespread Clinical Disease

Coinfection of HIV-1 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) may occur given the shared routes of transmission, and the clinical presentations of each process overlap. We present a case of acute HIV-1 and CMV coinfection presenting with an acute febrile illness complicated by meningitis, hepatitis, and retinopathy. This and other similar cases demonstrate the need to consider CMV coinfection in acute HIV-1 disease, particularly in situations with significant end-organ damage.
Sequence dependent potentiation of gemcitabine by flavopiridol in human breast cancer cells

Purpose. Flavopiridol is a novel cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor currently in Phase I and II clinical trials. We investigated the interaction between flavopiridol and gemcitabine in two human breast cancer cell lines. Experimental design. MCF-7 [Estrogen receptor (ER) positive] and MDA-MB-231 cells (ER negative) were treated with sub-cytotoxic concentrations of gemcitabine (G), flavopiridol (F), and flavopiridol followed by gemcitabine (F–G), or gemcitabine followed by flavopiridol (G–F) and assayed for biological activity. Results. Growth inhibition assessed by serial cell counting and MTT assay was highest in the G–F group. Significant increase in apoptosis assessed by flow cytometry, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and Caspase-3 degradation was also highest in the G–F group. Expression of pro-apoptotic Bax was up-regulated and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was down-regulated in only the G–F treated cells. Significant up regulation of p21WAF-1 was demonstrated in the G–F group but not in the reverse regimen treated cells. No effect on protein kinase C (PKC) expression was seen in any of the treated cells. Conclusions. In conclusion, similar to the results in the gastrointestinal cell lines, a sequence dependent potentiation of the effect of gemcitabine by flavopiridol was demonstrated in breast cancer cell lines and it was independent of ER status. This was accompanied by enhanced apoptosis and the up regulation of p21WAF-1 protein. These results provide rationale for pre-clinical evaluation of this treatment strategy using animal models and in the design of clinical trials of this drug in combination with cytotoxic therapy.
Categorical trends in vowel imitation: Preliminary observations from a replication experiment

Abstract The question whether isolated stationary vowels are imitated in a continuoys or categorical fashion — raised by Chistovich et al. [2] and followed up primarily by Kent [4]—was further by replicating Kent's study with some slight modifications. The subjects (the two authors) imitated synthetic stimuli from [u]-[i] and [i]-[ae] continua at three different temporal delays. Acoustic analysis of the response vowels revealed very similar pattern across delays. Both subjects showed clear evidence of nonlinearities in the stimulus-response mapping of preferred response formant frequencies, though strictly categorical responses were generally absent. The origin of these nonlinearities and their relation to the phonemic vowel categories of English are not fully understood at present. Vowel imitation responses presumably reflect the joint influences of perceptual and articulatory factors that need to be disentangled in future research.
A Model for Using Research Methodologies in Practice

Abstract Practice domain and needs of a profession should determine development and use of research methodologies. The complexity and broad range of social work interventions require an approach to research that is more far-reaching, with greater depth, than offered by either the positivists or post-modernists. In this article, a model presents research as skills of social work practice, integrating the contentious practice research dichotomy. Acknowledging that differences in language and perceptions of practitioners and researchers create enormous challenges, a basic assumption in the model is that good practitioners conduct research in their implementation of practice. Juxtaposing practice components with research methodologies, case material illustrates the professional helping relationship as a shared conceptualization of reality, social work assessment as theory construction with need for validity and reliability, and use of triangulation to prevent drift and unplanned shifts in the intervention.
The Step-Sector in Spectrochemical Analysis

Experiments were performed to discover whether or not the use of the step-sector is a valid method of film calibration for spectrochemical analysis. It was found for the films tested, viz., Eastman Spectrum Analysis No. 1, Spectrum Analysis No. 2, I–L, 103–F, I–N, and III–F, that the calibration curve was a valid one if the sector was run at speeds greater than about 40 flashes per exposure. Schwarzschild coefficients were calculated for the above films under the conditions of the experiment.
College‐Corporate Cooperation: A Compelling Emerging Need

Competitive, technological and demographic imperatives are combining to dramatically change the nature of tomorrow’s workplace, and the needs of workers and managers comprising this workplace. To a significant extent, meeting the challenge of this change will involve educating and reeducating people, and will mandate a much higher degree of cooperation between academic and corporate education establishments. To achieve this cooperation, differences in perceptions, policies, and practices which have traditionally militated against cooperation among higher and corporate education establishments must be addressed, and strategic planning initiatives undertaken to develop cooperative programs and formats that best meet corporate education needs.
Modifications of human carboxylesterase for improved prodrug activation

Background: Carboxylesterases (CEs) are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of numerous clinically useful drugs. As ester moieties are frequently included in molecules to improve their water solubility and bioavailability, de facto they become substrates for CEs. Objective: In this review, we describe the properties of human CEs with regard to their ability to activate anticancer prodrugs and demonstrate how structure-based design can be used to modulate substrate specificity and to increase efficiency of hydrolysis. Methods: A specific example using CPT-11 and a human liver CE is discussed. However, these techniques can be applied to other enzymes and their associated prodrugs. Results: Structure-guided mutagenesis of CEs can be employed to alter substrate specificity and generate novel enzymes that are efficacious at anticancer prodrug activation.
Cognitive style as a component in meeting workplace demands for consumer services professionals: benchmarking professional and student styles

Abstract Job skill evolution suggests an increased complexity of tasks in consumer services. To provide benchmarks about the role of cognitive style in the development of a talent pool for consumer services the field-dependence cognitive styles of current professionals were assessed. Then, the field-dependence cognitive styles of secondary students were assessed to provide a comparison for the development of future professionals. Professionals were found to be more field-independent than students.
Characterization of high-Q optical microcavities using confocal microscopy

Confocal microscopy was initially developed to image complex circuits and material defects. Previous imaging studies yielded only qualitative data about the location and number of defects. In the present study, this noninvasive method is used to obtain quantitative information about the Q factor of an optical resonant cavity. Because the intensity of the fluorescent signal measures the number of defects in the resonant cavity, this signal is a measure of the number of surface scattering defects, one of the dominant loss mechanisms in optical microcavities. The Q of the cavities was also determined using conventional linewidth measurements. Based upon a quantitative comparative analysis of these two techniques, it is shown that the Q can be determined without a linewidth measurement, allowing for a noninvasive characterization technique.
Stress management training for hypertensives: Cognitive and physiological effects

The contribution of training procedures designed to alter individuals' psychological responses to stressful life stimuli to the reduction of blood-pressure levels of hypertensives was evaluated. The treatment consisted of a set of coping skill-building experiences. Forty-one black males, mildly to moderately hypertensive and under medical supervision in an outpatient cardiovascular unit of a veterans' hospital, participated. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Cognitive Self-Management Training (CSM), Attention Placebo Control, and Current Clinic Conditions Control. The dependent measures were the State Anxiety Scale, Trait Anxiety Scale, Coping Strategic Inventory, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Subjects in the CSM group reported significant increases in the use of cognitive coping strategies in their lives and demonstrated significant decreases in measured levels of state anxiety and systolic blood pressure. Promising reductions of diastolic blood pressure ratings were obtained as well.
Tandem cyclization reactions of electron rich arylethylamino acid amides. An entry to the dihydroimidazoisoquinolin-3(2H)-one ring system

A straightforward route to the dihydroimidazo-isoquinolin-3(2H)-one ring system employing a tandem cyclization strategy under Bischler–Napieralski conditions is described.
Diagnostic accuracy of electrodiagnostic testing in the evaluation of weakness.

Electrodiagnostic testing is often used in the evaluation of patients presenting with weakness, but the diagnostic accuracy of the test in this setting is unknown. We prospectively identified 100 patients presenting to our electromyography (EMG) laboratory with the chief complaint of weakness, and compared their referring diagnosis with the electrophysiological diagnosis reached after electrodiagnostic testing. We reviewed each patient's medical record 9 months after EMG to yield a final diagnosis. Electrodiagnostic testing led to a single diagnosis in 79% of the cases; in 31%, this diagnosis was unsuspected by the referring clinician. Adequate follow-up was available for 79% of the patients. The electrodiagnostic testing resulted in a single, correct diagnosis in 73% of the patients and provided more than one possible diagnosis, one of which was correct, in an additional 18%, for an overall diagnostic accuracy of 91% in this group of patients presenting with weakness.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Ru(II)/Chloro/Hydrido/Carbonyls with Cis Bulky Phosphines: An Unsaturated Ru(II) Monohydride

[RuCl2(CO)2(dtbpe)], dtbpe = tBu2PCH2CH2PtBu2 is synthesized as a mixture of two isomers and is converted to [RuHCl(CO)2(dtbpe)], then [Ru(H)2(CO)2(dtbpe)]. The chloride trans to hydride in [RuHCl(CO)2(dtbpe)] can be replaced by BF4- or PF6-, and reaction with NaB(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4 gives authentic, five-coordinate [RuH(CO)2(dtbpe)]+, characterized structurally by X-ray diffraction, which reveals the lack of agostic interactions. [Ru(H)2(CO)2(dtbpe)] reacts under mild conditions with CO to give [Ru(CO)3(dtbpe)], with ethylene to give C2H6 and [Ru(C2H4)(CO)2(dtbpe)], and with D2 to give some [Ru(H)(D)(CO)2(dtbpe)]. These results are interpreted in terms of relatively facile dissociation of one end of dtbpe from the metal.
Density Measurement of Different Nanofluids and Their Comparison With Theory

Abstract Density measurements were performed on three different nanofluids containing aluminum oxide (Al2O3), antimony-tin oxide (Sb2O5:SnO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in a base fluid of 60:40 ethylene glycol/water by mass. First, a benchmark test for the density of the base fluid is presented showing excellent agreement with the data presented in the handbook of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers. Next, density measurements of the above-mentioned nanofluids over a temperature range of 0°C to 50°C for several particle volume concentrations are presented. These measured results were compared with a widely used theoretical equation and good agreements between the theoretical equation and measurements were obtained for the Al2O3 and Sb2O5:SnO2 nanofluids. However, the deviation was observed to be higher with the ZnO nanofluid and it increased with particle volume concentration.
Natural Exceptions to Green Sovereignty? American Environmentalism and the “Immigration Problem”*:

Rather than making any general claims supporting or opposing the “greening” of sovereignty, this article examines the variable discourses through which the ethos of ecosovereignty is reconfigured. ...
Automorphic Decompositions of Graphs

A decomposition $${\fancyscript {D}}$$ of a graph H by a graph G is a partition of the edge set of H such that the subgraph induced by the edges in each part of the partition is isomorphic to G. The intersection graph $${I(\fancyscript {D})}$$ of the decomposition $${\fancyscript {D}}$$ has a vertex for each part of the partition and two parts A and B are adjacent iff they share a common node in H. If $${I(\fancyscript {D})\cong H}$$, then $${\fancyscript {D}}$$ is an automorphic decomposition of H. In this paper we show how automorphic decompositions serve as a common generalization of configurations from geometry and graceful labelings on graphs. We will give several examples of automorphic decompositions as well as necessary conditions for their existence.
The effects of electrode surface morphology on the actuation performance of IPMC

It is generally understood that increasing the specific surface area of the electrodes of IPMC leads to improved electromechanical performance of the material. Most physics based models compensate the effect of high surface area of the electrodes by increasing both diffusion constant and dielectric permittivity values, while using flat electrode approximation in calculations. Herein, a model was developed to take into account the shape and area of the electrodes. High surface area of the electrodes in the model was achieved by designing 2D polymer-electrode interface as a Koch fractal structure – different generation depths and both unidirectional and random directional generations were studied. The calculations indicate that increasing the generation depth of fractals, thus surface area of the electrodes results in more overall transported charge during the actuation process. Based on the model, the effect of the specific surface area of the electrodes on the electromechanical performance was experimentally investigated. IPMCs with different Pd-Pt electrode structures were prepared and their electromechanical and electrochemical properties were examined and discussed. The methods to manipulate the surface structure of Pd-Pt electrodes were proposed.
Silicon wafers for the 1990's

Abstract This review covers the status, trends and characteristics of silicon wafers which will be needed for future fabrication of microelectronic devices. The most pervasive silicon use fill be for standard CMOS and possibly BICMOS, for ASIC with mature design rule technologies. Larger diameter wafers, e.g. 6–8 inches with pp + and p - substrates will become more common. A number of topics and issues important in today's research and development are discussed.
Domain decomposition methods for the parallel computation of reacting flows

Domain decomposition is a natural route to parallel computing for partial differential equation solvers. Subdomains of which the original domain of definition is comprised are assigned to independent processors at the price of periodic coordination between processors to compute global parameters and maintain the requisite degree of continuity of the solution at the subdomain interfaces. In the domain-decomposed solution of steady multidimensional systems of PDEs by finite difference methods using a pseudo-transient version of Newton iteration, the only portion of the computation which generally stands in the way of efficient parallelization is the solution of the large, sparse linear systems arising at each Newton step. For some Jacobian matrices drawn from an actual two-dimensional reacting flow problem, comparisons are made between relaxation-based linear solvers and also preconditioned iterative methods of Conjugate Gradient and Chebyshev type, focusing attention on both iteration count and global inner product count. The generalized minimum residual method with block-ILU preconditioning is judged the best serial method among those considered, and parallel numerical experiments on the Encore Multimax demonstrate for it approximately 10-fold speedup on 16 processors.
Laser Raman Spectral Determination of Zinc Halide Complexes in Aqueous Solutions as a Function of Temperature and Pressure

Laser Raman spectroscopy has been used to determine directly the aqueous-phase zinc chloride and bromide species in solution as a function of temperature and pressure. With the use of the bromide system as a model, and by adjustment of the chemical and physical conditions to promote changes in the chemical equilibrium, identification of the mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-halo zinc complexes has been performed. The spectral band positions, the Raman scattering coefficients, and the relative concentrations of the complexes are reported. The temperature and pressure dependence on the relative concentrations of the complexes have been examined. For the zinc/halide aqueous systems, temperature has a much more pronounced effect upon the species distributions than does pressure.
Long-term clinical and angiographic results of Neuroform stent-assisted coil embolization in wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.

Background Neuroform stent-assisted coil embolization facilitates the endovascular treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. However, the safety and efficacy of its long-term use have not been fully elucidated. Objective To retrospectively examine the long-term results of Neuroform stent usage in conjunction with coil embolization in wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. Methods Between November 2002 and December 2010, 79 patients harboring wide-necked intracranial aneurysms were treated with use of the Neuroform stent. The stenting procedure failed in 2 patients. Therefore, 77 patients harboring 79 intracranial aneurysms were included for analysis. Patient and aneurysm characteristics, progression of aneurysm occlusion, and occurrence of complications were analyzed. Follow-up imaging included digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Kaplan-Meier analysis, as well as univariate analysis were performed to determine the progression of aneurysm occlusion and to examine the predictive factors for complete aneurysm occlusion, respectively. Results Overall, complete aneurysm occlusion was observed in 42.4% of the cases immediately after treatment and progressed to 96.5% at 7-year follow-up. The mean angiographic follow-up time was 25.8 months (range, 0-84 months). Eleven aneurysms (14%) were re-treated. Sixty-eight patients (88.3%) had favorable clinical outcome with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 1, 3 patients (3.9%) had an mRS of 2, and 5 patients (6.5%) did not have a clinical follow-up. The mean clinical follow-up time was 45.4 months (range, 3-92 months). One patient (1.3%) died of a procedure-related hemorrhage. Conclusion Neuroform stent-assisted coil embolization of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms prevents hemorrhage and provides a high rate of aneurysm occlusion at long-term follow-up.
Management of the patient with diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction: Clinical trials update

The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its association with cardiovascular disease have become serious public health issues. Although diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) may have different clinical manifestations, their atherosclerotic burden and prognosis are quite similar. However, patients with diabetes who have underlying CAD have a different, more complex pathophysiology and a worse prognosis. Optimal management of these patients requires a comprehensive multifactorial approach to prevent microvascular and macrovascular events. In the setting of an acute myocardial infarction (MI), immediate management should focus on limiting infarct size. This can be achieved by using fibrinolytic agents, primary percutaneous intervention (in ST-segment elevation MI), or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors followed by coronary angiography within 24 to 48 hours and, when appropriate, by coronary intervention (in non-ST-segment elevation MI). Drug-eluting stents may have an important role in patients with diabetes, who have a higher rate of postintervention coronary restenosis than do nondiabetic individuals. In addition, all patients with an acute MI (ST- and non-ST-segment elevation) should be given aspirin, nitrates, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The long-term pharmacologic management after MI is similar in all patients, regardless of the initial presentation. Antiplatelet agents (aspirin and/or clopidogrel), ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, lipid-lowering agents, and glycemic control have all been shown to be effective in decreasing long-term mortality. Despite advances in the management of MI, the mortality rates of patients with diabetes remain 1.5- to 2-fold greater than those of persons without diabetes. Maximizing the use of lifesaving therapies proved effective in large randomized clinical trials and tight metabolic control can further decrease mortality rates. However, many of these lifesaving therapies are underused in patients with diabetes because of the misconception that potential adverse effects may outweigh their benefits. New programs aimed at improving postinfarction quality of care in patients with diabetes, based on guidelines and expert recommendations, have shown promise. However, more effort must be devoted to the improvement of outcomes related to these public health problems.
Personality and Coping Among Caregivers of Spouses With Dementia

Personality factors and coping strategies were examined among a sample of spouse caregivers. Fifty spouse caregivers of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia completed the NEO-FFI, a personality inventory designed to measure traits identified in the five-factor trait model, and a revised measure of the Ways of Coping Checklist. Results from a series of multivariate regressions showed that personality traits explained 60% of the variance in emotion-focused coping, 30% of variance in problem-focused coping, and 15% of variance associated with social support coping. Discussion focuses on the usefulness of including personality characteristics of the caregiver in formulating models of the caregiving coping process.
Rapid production of experimental hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in the rhesus monkey: Comparison of five dietary regimens

Abstract In an effort to develop a stable and reproducible model for surgical research purposes, five dietary regimens designed to produce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys are compared. The combination of 131 I-induced hypothyroidism with a 5% or 10% cholesterol diet has produced the most satisfactory experimental model.
Computing variances and covariances of normal order statistics

A technique for computation of variances and covariances of normal order statistics is presented. This method provides the means to extend the precision of and correct errors in current tables. A numerical integration approach is employed for the calculations and associated error bounds are developed. Tables were constructed for samples sizes up to M with precision as follows: 25 decimal places (d.p.) for samples sizes of 2(1)20; 20 d.p. for 21(1)30; 15 d.p. for 31(1)40; 10 d.p. for 41(1)50. A table of variances and covariances for sample sizes up to 20 and a table of product moments of normal order statistics for samples sizes of 20(10)50 are presented.
Coastal Remote Sensing

Located at the land–water interface, coastal areas are affected by both land and ocean processes and sources of primary and secondary productivity and biodiversity, which is crucial to support life...
Abandoned at the Palace: Why the Tunisian Military Defected from the Ben Ali Regime in January 2011

Many analysts have focused on the Tunisian protests and the economic and political grievances that fueled them. Equally central, however, was the role played by the military leadership and the decision to forgo using force to actively suppress the protesters. Contrary to arguments that stress the reflexively apolitical or professional nature of the military, or its leaders' normative commitment to supporting the protesters, this article explains how the decisions made reflected political calculations and served the military's organizational interests. Although heralded as the savior of the revolution, the Tunisian military acted out of its own organizational self-interest in defecting from the Ben Ali regime.
A comment on self-similar breakup for inertialess Newtonian liquid jets

We consider an inertialess Newtonian liquid jet in a slender body approximation. Recent work has shown that such jets evolve towards breakup in finite time, and that the asymptotics of the breakup is described by a similarity solution. A mathematical proof of this fact is still lacking. In this note, we give a proof of self-similar breakup asymptotics under an a priori assumption on the force in the jet. The results provide a partial explanation for the observed self-similar breakup asymptotics in Newtonian liquid jets.
Site-Selective Reaction of Br 2 with Second Layer Ga Atoms on the As-rich GaAs\(001\)-2×4 Surface

The top layer of the $\mathrm{GaAs}(001)\ensuremath{-}(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4)$ surface consists of rows of As-As dimers. However, our scanning tunneling microscopy study shows that, in the initial adsorption stage, monoenergetic ${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$ molecules (0.89 eV) react exclusively with the second layer Ga atoms exposed in trenches or at defects on the surface. A simple molecular orbital argument was used to explain the dynamics of forming gallium bromide species at various surface Ga sites.
Forward and adjoint sensitivity computation of chaotic dynamical systems

This paper describes a forward algorithm and an adjoint algorithm for computing sensitivity derivatives in chaotic dynamical systems, such as the Lorenz attractor. The algorithms compute the derivative of long time averaged "statistical" quantities to infinitesimal perturbations of the system parameters. The algorithms are demonstrated on the Lorenz attractor. We show that sensitivity derivatives of statistical quantities can be accurately estimated using a single, short trajectory (over a time interval of 20) on the Lorenz attractor.
Human Risk Allele HLA-DRB1*0405 Predisposes Class II Transgenic Ab0 NOD Mice to Autoimmune Pancreatitis

Background & Aims Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) underlies 5%−11% of cases of chronic pancreatitis. An association between AIP and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*0405/DQB1*0401 haplotype has been reported, but linkage disequilibrium has precluded the identification of predisposing HLA gene(s). We studied the role of single HLA genes in the development of AIP in transgenic mice. Methods CD4 + T-cell−negative I-Aβ chain −/− (Ab0) mice develop AIP spontaneously, likely due to dysregulation of CD8 + T- cell responses. We generated Ab0 nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice transgenic for HLA-DR*0405, leading to rescue of CD4 + T cells; we compared their susceptibility to AIP with HLA-DQ8 or HLA-DR*0401 (single) transgenic, or HLA-DR*0405/DQ8 (double) transgenic mice. Results CD4 + T-cell−competent HLA-DR*0405 transgenic Ab0 NOD mice develop AIP with high prevalence after sublethal irradiation and adoptive transfer of CD90 + T cells, leading to complete pancreatic atrophy. HLA-DR*0405 transgenic mice can also develop unprovoked AIP, whereas HLA-DR*0401, HLA-DQ8, and HLA-DR*0405/DQ8 transgenic Ab0 NOD controls all remained normal, even after irradiation and adoptive transfer of CD90 + T cells. Pancreas histology in HLA-DR*0405 transgenic mice was characterized by destructive infiltration of the exocrine tissue with CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Mice with complete pancreatic atrophy lost weight, developed fat stools, and had reduced levels of serum lipase activity. Conclusions Because HLA-DR*0405 expression fails to protect mice from AIP, the HLA-DRB1*0405 allele appears to be an important risk factor for AIP on the HLA-DRB1*0405/DQB1*0401 haplotype. This humanized mouse model should be useful for studying immunopathogenesis, diagnostic markers, and therapy of human AIP.
Nucleotide sequences from messenger RNA transcribed from the operator-proximal portion of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli.

32P-labeled messenger RNA transcribed in vivo from the operator-proximal portion of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli was purified by DNA/RNA hybridization. The mRNA preparations obtained were subjected to polyaerylaamide gel electrophoresis, and a number of discrete labeled bands were detected. Characterization of the labeled bands and of purified, unbanded mRNA preparations, by partial sequence analysis of the oligonucleotides obtained following T1 and pancreatic RNase digestion, revealed that the bands represented discrete segments of the trp mRNA molecule. This observation suggests that endonucleolytic cleavage occurs in vivo at specific sites in the mRNA molecule.
Hydrosalpinges adversely affect implantation in donor oocyte cycles

Hydrosalpinges have been associated with poor in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in some, but not all, studies, perhaps through endometrial effects. To determine whether hydrosalpinges affect IVF outcome via endometrial factors alone, we analysed the results of recipients of donor oocytes with hydrosalpinges, thereby controlling for confounding variables, while isolating the intrauterine environment. We retrospectively analysed 110 patients who underwent 121 donor oocyte cycles in a university-based assisted reproduction programme. Thirteen cycles involving recipients (n = 10) with hydrosalpinges were compared to 108 cycles involving recipients (n = 100) without hydrosalpinges. Pregnancy, implantation, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy rates were compared between women with and without hydrosalpinges. There were no significant differences between the hydrosalpinx and no hydrosalpinx groups with respect to donor age, recipient age, or number or grade of embryos transferred. Patients with a hydrosalpinx had significantly lower embryo implantation rates (7.1 versus 19.3%, P < 0.05) and significantly higher miscarriage (75.0 versus 14.9%, P < 0.05) and ectopic pregnancy rates (33.3 versus 0.0%, P < 0.05) than normal controls. We conclude that the presence of a hydrosalpinx adversely affects early pregnancy events by altering the intrauterine environment.
Treatment of chronic, refractory cough with baclofen.

Chronic, nonproductive cough may result from enhanced sensitivity of the cough reflex. Often, this debilitating symptom is refractory to standard antitussive therapy. Baclofen, an agonist of γ-aminobu
Monitoring MPI programs for performance characterization and management control

Monitoring distributed programs on high performance supercomputers is a challenging task, yet it is essential for the proper administration of the machines and for users to understand what their program is doing on production runs. To this end, we created a flexible monitoring capability for a major class of scientific applications, programs using MPI, that efficiently gathers information from the distributed program and collects it at a central point. This data can then be used to both understand application-centric issues and system-centric issues; and for improvement, administration, and maintenance of both the complex applications producing important scientific results and the complex systems that execute them.
Spiny neurons of area CA3c in rat hippocampal slices have similar electrophysiological characteristics and synaptic responses despite morphological variation

Area CA3c is an area of morphologically diverse neurons. In addition to the presence of interneurons and pyramidal cells that are similar to those found in other subfields of area CA3, many neurons of area CA3c are different. They do not resemble interneurons, since they bear numerous spines, yet they also differ substantially from pyramidal cells in their morphology. To determine if the variants of area CA3c spiny cells are distinct physiologically as well as morphologically, intracellular recordings were made to record the electrophysiological properties of area CA3c cells in rat hippocampal slices, and each cell was identified morphologically following intracellular dye injection. The results show that the spiny cells, regardless of their often extensive morphological variation, have relatively uniform, pyramidal-like electrophysiological properties. The aspiny cells are quite different from the spiny cells morphologically (i.e., in their paucity or complete lack of spines), and are also extremely different electrophysiologically, exhibiting features of "fast-spiking" cells. Thus, spiny cells in area CA3c correspond to cells with pyramidal-like electrophysiology, and the aspiny cells in area CA3c correspond to cells with interneuronal physiological properties. This correlation between structure and function appears to be a rule that pertains to each of the subfields of the hippocampus.
A model-based decision support system for critiquing mechanical ventilation treatments.

A computerized system for critiquing mechanical ventilation treatments is presented that can be used as an aide to the intensivist. The presented system is based on the physiological model of the subject’s respiratory system. It uses modified versions of previously developed models of adult and neonatal respiratory systems to simulate the effects of different ventilator treatments on the patient’s blood gases. The physiological models that have been used for research and teaching purposes by many researchers in the field include lungs, body tissue, and the brain tissue. The lung volume is continuously time-varying and the effects of shunt in the lung, changes in cardiac output and cerebral blood flow, and the arterial transport delays are included in the system. Evaluation tests were done on adult and neonate patients with different diagnoses. In both groups combined, the differences between the arterial partial pressures of CO2 predicted by the system and the experimental values were 1.86 ± 1.6 mmHg (mean ± SD), and the differences between the predicted arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation values, SaO2, and the experimental values measured by using pulse oximetry, SpO2, were 0.032 ± 0.02 (mean ± SD). The proposed system has the potential to be used alone or in combination with other decision support systems to set ventilation parameters and optimize treatment for patients on mechanical ventilation.
Ising gauge theory in 3.999… dimensions

Abstract We numerically study Ising gauge theories in non-integer dimensions below four dimensions using fractals. We find indications that the first-order transition of the d = 4 theory becomes second order for d = 4 − ϵ for arbitrarily small non-zero ϵ. This suggests that the upper critical dimension of abelian gauge theories is four.
Cushion: autonomically adaptive data fusion in wireless sensor networks

In a typical in-network aggregation problem, data originates from multiple source nodes, and moves towards single sink node or root node. Along the way, i.e., inside the network, the data may be partially aggregated, thus reducing message overhead. Two well-known classes of solutions to this problem are: tree-based aggregation and multipath aggregation. The autonomically adaptive data fusion solution, called Cushion, contains two protocols that span a continuous spectrum between these two design points and can further increase reliability over multi-path approach using redundant transmissions. The design is motivated of Cushion by first discussing the complementary advantages and disadvantages of the two design points.
The Effects of Primaries and Statewide Races on Voter Turnout

The decision to vote is affected by two elements of the election context. One is the frequency of elections. Presidential and state primaries divert resources away from the general election and reduce turnout among the peripheral electorate who are most dependent on a mobilization effort. Taken together, spring and fall primaries lowered general election by five percentage points nationwide in the 1976, 1980, and 1984 elections. A second element of context is the attractiveness of statewide offices on the presidential year ballot. Gubernatorial races increase the probability of voting by 6% in those states that still elect governors in presidential years. Thus, the postwar shift of gubernatorial races to the congressional election year is one explanation for declining turnout. Senatorial races do not attract additional voters to the November election. These hypotheses are tested on a pooled sample of the 1976, 1980, and 1984 CPS election studies
Gifts in academic and special libraries: a selected bibliography

From the time the Reverend John Harvard donated his collection of books in 1638 to start the library at the newly established Harvard University [1], gifts have played an important role in the development of collections in U.S. academic and special libraries. Today, gifts are still vital to most libraries as publication costs rise and book budgets shrink. Over the years, much has been written on material gifts to libraries, from their use in collection building to the practical points of handling gifts and donors in the technical services area. Culled from the pool of literature, this annotated bibliography is a collection of many of the most useful and informative sources written on the various aspects of gifts in libraries.
Functional Immaturity in the Symbolization of Scientifically Trained Adults

(1938). Functional Immaturity in the Symbolization of Scientifically Trained Adults. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 161-175.
The impact of workforce reductions on financial performance: a longitudinal perspective

During the last two decades, workforce reductions played an integral role in the restructuring strategies of many companies, especially for Fortune 500 companies. However, research in this important area has been limited. A doubly (multivariate) repeated measures design was chosen for this study to determine the longitudinal impact of workforce reductions on financial performance. The largest 250 U. S. corporations, as measured by 1992 revenues, were divided into two groups based on whether or not the company announced a significant workforce reduction initiative of at least 3% during the period 1991–92. Financial performance was measured by growth in sales and market capitalization for the period 1989 to 1996, thus providing two years of pre-event data and six years of post-event data. We found that workforce reductions significantly improved subsequent financial performance, particularly in the short term.
Synthesis and biologic activities of 11β-substituted estradiol as potential antiestrogens

The effect of attachment of a dimethylaminoethoxy or a dimethylaminopropoxy group at the 11 beta-position of estradiol (E2) on its relative binding affinity (RBA) to estrogen receptor (ER) and intrinsic biologic activity is described. The binding of 11 beta-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethoxy]estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17 beta-diol (4) and 11 beta-[3-(N,N- dimethylamino)propoxy]estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17 beta-diol (5) to the ER from immature rat uterine tissue was measured relative to that of [3H]E2 by a competitive binding assay. It was found that the 11 beta-substituted E2 analogs have considerably lower RBA to ER than the corresponding parent compound. The intrinsic activity of compounds 4 and 5 were studied in terms of uterotrophic and antiuterotrophic activity. It was found that the uterotrophic activity of these compounds was drastically reduced compared with E2. However, no antiuterotrophic activity was observed in these compounds at dosages ranging from 1 to 100 micrograms/rat/d.
Nonlinear Field Theory of Large-Spin Heisenberg Antiferromagnets: Semiclassically Quantized Solitons of the One-Dimensional Easy-Axis Néel State

The continuum field theory describing the low-energy dynamics of the large-spin one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet is found to be the O(3) nonlinear sigma model. When weak easy-axis anisotropy is present, soliton solutions of the equations of motion are obtained and semiclassically quantized. Integer and half-integer spin systems are distinguished.
Epithelial Basal Cells Are Distinct from Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in the Mouse Epididymis

The epithelium that lines the epididymal duct establishes the optimal milieu in which spermatozoa mature, acquire motility, and are stored. This finely tuned environment also protects antigenic sperm against pathogens and autoimmunity, which are potential causes of transient or permanent infertility. The epididymal epithelium is pseudostratified and contains basal cells (BCs) that are located beneath other epithelial cells. Previous studies showed that in the mouse epididymis, BCs possess macrophage-like characteristics. However, we previously identified a dense population of cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte (MP) system (comprised of macrophages and dendritic cells) in the basal compartment of the mouse epididymis and showed that a subset of MPs express the macrophage marker F4/80. In the present study, we evaluate the distribution of BCs and MPs in the epididymis of transgenic CD11c-EYFP mice, in which EYFP is expressed exclusively in MPs, using antibodies against the BC marker keratin 5 (KRT5) and the macrophage marker F4/80. Immunofluorescence labeling for laminin, a basement membrane marker, showed that BCs and most MPs are located in the basal region of the epithelium. Confocal microscopy showed that in the initial segment, both BCs and MPs project intraepithelial extensions and establish a very intricate network. Flow cytometry experiments demonstrated that epididymal MPs and BCs are phenotypically distinct. BCs do not express F4/80, and MPs do not express KRT5. Therefore, despite their proximity and some morphological similarities with peritubular macrophages and dendritic cells, BCs do not belong to the MP system.
Test Results of Energy Saving and Humidity Control Devices

ABSTRACT The Appliance Laboratory at FSEC/UCF conducts testing of products and HVAC concepts claimed to save energy. This article provides the results of three test projects: (1) Tests of a spray-on coating for AC condensers sold under the brand name Adsil, and claimed to save energy by increasing heat exchange of the condenser; (2) Tests of a compressor oil additive sold under the brand name PolarShield and claimed to save energy by increasing compressor lubricity and improving refrigerant side evaporator and condenser heat exchange; and (3) Tests of a unique desiccant/HVAC combination (Cromer cycle) claimed to increase humidity control in humid environments while saving energy over other dehumidification strategies. The third test is on a concept that is being developed for commercialization. The Adsil product showed statistically significant improvement of the EER of the air conditioner units after it was applied. The improvement ranged from zero improvement when added to a new unit, up to 11.9 percent...
Recent investigations on the volcano smoke antenna

We have demonstrated that the volcano smoke antenna has conservatively a 10 to 1 bandwidth for both VSWR and antenna far-field pattern. Simulations over the same frequency range show excellent agreement with the experimental data, supporting the original idea that the volcano smoke antenna is a potentially very wide-band device.
Endoscopy in pregnancy: risks versus benefits.

Endoscopy in pregnant patients presents unique concerns regarding its safety and benefit to the fetus. This Viewpoint presents an overview of the merits and potential dangers associated with endoscopy in pregnancy and discusses the impact of the latest guidelines for endoscopy in this setting.
Dielectric characteristics of complex composite systems containing interphase regions

Chemical bonding between the constituent phases of composite materials is necessary to ensure that the mechanical reinforcement of the dispersed phase is transferred to the bulk properties of the composite. At a chemical structural level of a polymer composite, the interfacial region is comprised of molecules of the polymer matrix bonded to the surface of the filler particle. This interfacial-bonding region is termed the "interphase" and results from the confining effect that the rigid filler particles have on the mobility of the polymer molecules in the matrix. In composite systems containing a large concentration of filler particles or a high filler surface area, the properties of the interphase region may have a pronounced effect on the bulk properties of the composite. In this paper, a microstructural model called the interphase power law model (IPL Model) is described in which the physical, chemical and electrical characteristics of the interphase region may be determined. The IPL Model is based on a simple extension of a general power law model in which a composite system containing filler, interphase and matrix regions may be treated as a unique three-component composite system comprising two primary components (matrix and filler) and an interphase region that is inextricably dependent upon the characteristics of the filler and matrix components. The IPL Model provides a means to determine the interphase properties and volume fraction of the overall composite system. The cause and effects of the interphase region on a variety of complex composite systems is investigated. Effects of the composite filler types and filler surface areas as well as the dielectric characteristics of the interphase region are explored.