cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transgenic expression of androgen receptors improves spatial memory retention in both sham-irradiated and137Cs γ-irradiated female mice

Abstract Acevedo, S. F., Tittle, S., Merry, D. E. and Raber, J. Transgenic Expression of Androgen Receptors Improves Spatial Memory Retention in both Sham-Irradiated and 137Cs γ-Irradiated Female Mice. Radiat. Res. 170, 572–578 (2008). Using a water maze, it has been shown that both wild-type and apoE4-expressing female mice are at greater risk of developing age-related hippocampal-dependent impairments in spatial learning and memory than age-matched male mice of the same genotype. In addition, apoE4-expressing female mice were more sensitive to 137Cs γ-radiation-induced impairment in spatial learning and memory than age-matched male mice of the same genotype. These findings imply that androgen receptors (ARs) contribute to spatial learning and memory, posing the question as to whether transgenic expression of AR in female mice might modulate hippocampal-dependent learning and memory under baseline conditions and after local brain irradiation. Hippocampal-dependent novel location recognition was comparabl...
Photoluminescence investigation of a-C: H thin films

Abstract The photoluminescence (PL) properties of undoped and aluminum-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin films with optical gaps of greater than 3 eV were investigated. Optical absorption, PL and secondary ion mass spectroscopy were used to characterize the films. The results from the PL investigation showed that the PL spectral shape was sensitive to the excitation wavelength, and the PL intensity was dependent on time and decreased or fatigued with increasing time of exposure. Films with aluminum doping demonstrated an increased PL fatigue rate compared with undoped samples. The The “bleaching” of the a-C:H PL emission, caused by continuous Ar + illumination, was found to be reversible at room temperature by discontinuing laser illumination for 48 h. Comparison of the PL intensity time dependence of the doped samples showed a power law dependence similar to that previously reported in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). For the two doped films, the time dependence of the PL intensity was found to be proportional to t −0.29 and t −0.33 for t > 400 s. If the kinetic mechanisms are similar, the principal fatigue mechanism in the doped films can be attributed to the reversible photo-induced creation of dangling bonds.
Bucky ball functions in Balbiani body assembly and animal-vegetal polarity in the oocyte and follicle cell layer in zebrafish

The Balbiani body is an evolutionarily conserved asymmetric aggregate of organelles that is present in early oocytes of all animals examined, including humans. Although first identified more than 150 years ago, genes acting in the assembly of the Balbiani body have not been identified in a vertebrate. Here we show that the bucky ball gene in the zebrafish is required to assemble this universal aggregate of organelles. In the absence of bucky ball the Balbiani body fails to form, and vegetal mRNAs are not localized in oocytes. In contrast, animal pole localized oocyte markers are expanded into vegetal regions in bucky ball mutants, but patterning within the expanded animal pole remains intact. Interestingly, in bucky ball mutants an excessive number of cells within the somatic follicle cell layer surrounding the oocyte develop as micropylar cells, an animal pole specific cell fate. The single micropyle permits sperm to fertilize the egg in zebrafish. In bucky ball mutants, excess micropyles cause polyspermy. Thus bucky ball provides the first genetic access to Balbiani body formation in a vertebrate. We demonstrate that bucky ball functions during early oogenesis to regulate polarity of the oocyte, future egg and embryo. Finally, the expansion of animal identity in oocytes and somatic follicle cells suggests that somatic cell fate and oocyte polarity are interdependent.
The estuarine behaviour of selenium in San Francisco Bay

Abstract In April and September 1986 concentrations of dissolved selenate, selenite and Se(−II+O), suspended particulate selenium, nutrients, chlorophyll a and total suspended matter, were determined in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system. In addition, dissolved selenium speciation was determined in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers between 1984 and 1987. The April 1986 estuarine sampling occurred during high river discharge, and within the Northern Reach of San Francisco Bay mid-estuarine input of selenite and Se(−II+O) is apparent, while selenate appears to be removed. During September 1986 river discharge rates were approximately four orders of magnitude lower than in April, and the mid-estuarine production of all selenium species is apparent. In contrast, dissolved selenium in the South San Francisco Bay generally shows conservative mixing behaviour during April and September 1986. The source of dissolved selenium in the South Bay appears to be effluents from sewage treatment plants. In the Northern Reach effluents from oil refineries located in the mid-estuary may be major sources of selenium input during low river discharge periods. However, during periods of high river discharge the sources and sinks of dissolved selenium species within the Northern Reach remain unidentified.
Data Vault: providing simple web access to NRAO data archives

In late 2007, the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) launched Data Vault, a feature-rich web application for simplified access to NRAO data archives. This application allows users to submit a Google-like free-text search, and browse, download, and view further information on matching telescope data. Data Vault uses the model-view-controller design pattern with web.py, a minimalist open-source web framework built with the Python Programming Language. Data Vault implements an Ajax client built on the Google Web Toolkit (GWT), which creates structured JavaScript applications. This application supports plug-ins for linking data to additional web tools and services, including Google Sky. NRAO sought the inspiration of Google's remarkably elegant user interface and notable performance to create a modern search tool for the NRAO science data archive, taking advantage of the rapid development frameworks of web.py and GWT to create a web application on a short timeline, while providing modular, easily maintainable code. Data Vault provides users with a NRAO-focused data archive while linking to and providing more information wherever possible. Free-text search capabilities are possible (and even simple) with an innovative query parser. NRAO develops all software under an open-source license; Data Vault is available to developers and users alike.
The paradox of communication: Socio-cognitive approach to pragmatics

Communication is not as smooth a process as current pragmatic theories depict it. In Rapaport’s words “We almost always fail […]. Yet we almost always nearly succeed: This is the paradox of communication” (Rapaport 2003: 402). This paper claims that there is a need for an approach that is able to explain this “bumpy road” by analyzing both the positive and negative features of the communicative process. The paper presents a socio-cognitive approach (SCA) to pragmatics that takes into account both the societal and individual factors including cooperation and egocentrism that, as claimed here, are not antagonistic phenomena in interaction. This approach is considered an alternative to current theories of pragmatics that do not give an adequate account of what really happens in the communicative process. They consider communication an idealistic, cooperation-based, context-dependent process in which speakers are supposed to carefully construct their utterances for the hearer taking into account all contextual factors and hearers do their best to figure out the intentions of the speakers. This approach relies mainly on the positive features of communication including cooperation, rapport and politeness while almost completely ignores the untidy, trial-and-error nature of communication and the importance of prior contexts captured in the individual use of linguistic units. The overemphasis on cooperative, societal, contextual factors has led to disregard individual factors such as egocentrism and salience that are as important contributors to the communicative process as cooperation, context and rapport. The socio-cognitive approach is presented as a theoretical framework to incorporate and reconcile two seemingly antagonistic sides of the communicative process and explain the dynamic interplay of prior and actual situational contexts.
PHD2 in tumour angiogenesis

Originally identified as the enzymes responsible for catalysing the oxidation of specific, conserved proline residues within hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), the additional roles for the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins have remained elusive. Of the four identified PHD enzymes, PHD2 is considered to be the key oxygen sensor, as knockdown of PHD2 results in elevated HIF protein. Several recent studies have highlighted the importance of PHD2 in tumourigenesis. However, there is conflicting evidence as to the exact role of PHD2 in tumour angiogenesis. The divergence seems to be because of the contribution of stromal-derived PHD2, and in particular the involvement of endothelial cells, vs tumour-derived PHD2. This review summarises our current understanding of PHD2 and tumour angiogenesis, focusing on the influences of PHD2 on vascular normalisation and neovascularisation.
Anatomy of the giant fibre pathway in Drosophila. I. Three thoracic components of the pathway.

Activity in the flight muscles and jump muscles inDrosophila can be stimulated by excitation of a pair of giant fibres that enter the thoracic ganglion from the brain. Contrary to previous descriptions, these giant fibres are not themselves motor axons. Each giant fibre contacts both a large motor axon and an interneuron. The motor axon innervates the ipsilateral tergotrochanteral (jump) muscle. The interneuron synapses in turn with the motor neurons that innervate the contralateral dorsal longitudinal flight muscle. The output synapses of this interneuron occur directly onto the motor axons within a peripheral nerve. The unusual peripheral location for these interneuron synapses suggests that the interneuron may function to speed up activation of the motor axons by bypassing integration within the motor neurons' dendritic trees. The synapses are typical dipteran chemical synapses, with occasional reciprocal contacts from the motor axons back onto the interneuron. The interneuron-motor axon synapses may be especially useful for morphological studies of identified synaptic contacts because their peripheral location makes them extremely easy to locate and identify.
Phasing of a space-based segmented submillimeter wavelength telescope using focal plane measurements

As part of a technology development program for realizing a space based submillimeter telescope, two different approaches to the absolute phasing of a segmented primary mirror using focal plane measurements have been implemented for feasibility. The method of optimization by simulated annealing evaluates the image quality of a point spread function after all the telescope segments have been randomly moved. It accepts each iteration which improves the image quality, as well as a random number of iterations which do not, thus keeping the Strehl in the initialization procedure from falling into local maxima. Methods for determining the annealing schedule, and the step size for random segment movements are presented and discussed. Using phase diversity and a model for the telescope imaging system, a nonlinear least squares algorithm has also been implemented which parameterizes each of the segment actuator movements. Using multiple out of focus images, the segment actuator positions are estimated using an iterative procedure. Nonlinear least squares, although computationally intensive, offers a large savings in the actuator movements over simulated annealing and pairwise phasing methods for large numbers of segments. These algorithms have been integrated into a general simulation program which models the behavior of the telescope under anticipated space conditions.
A View From the Chair: Recruitment for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

The chairman of an academic psychiatry department describes the tensions that have commonly existed between department chairs and the child and adolescent psychiatry programs they administer. In his view, child and adolescent psychiatry programs have tended to adopt an attitude of entitlement and competitiveness that complicates the departmental efforts to work together to recruit child and adolescent psychiatrists. Nevertheless, he says, recruitment of child and adolescent psychiatrists must be a priority of academic psychiatry departments. He describes several strategies that department chairmen may use, in cooperation with child and adolescent psychiatry programs and national organizations, to pursue that goal.
Biomechanics of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) provides significant pain relief and functional improvement in patients with a deficient rotator cuff, 4-part proximal humerus fracture, inflammatory arthritis or revision arthroplasty.[1, 2] As a non-anatomic procedure, rTSA transposes the ball and socket in the glenohumeral joint, allowing the deltoid to initiate elevation of the arm, provide stability and minimize shear forces acting at the glenoid surface.[3, 4]Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Maximum Matching in a Partially Matched Bipartite Graph and Its Applications

This paper discusses an approach to solve the maximum matching problem in Bipartite graph (B-graph) where the graph is partially matched and the existing matches cannot be changed. It uses the approach of choosing vertices for matching based on the run-time weight calculation. Vertex with highest weight is given preference for matching. Weights are assigned to vertices based on its number of matched, pass-through and un-matched edges. Matching is done by choosing vertices with highest weight from both disjoint set of vertices and continuing to form an Alternative path (A-path). This approach leads to finding and traversing through maximum number of A-paths (with no shared vertex) and making maximum matching in each of those A-paths. This condition will result in a B-graph which will have the maximum possible matching. 2N-Soft-fail Sector Redundancy for Access Points is one of the applications explained in this paper.
Dynamics and critical properties of randomly constrained systems

Abstract A model of dynamical systems with random constraints, subject to an external field E is investigated analytically. The results show the presence of critical behaviour at a threshold field Ec, manifested by the opening up of large unconstrained domains whose mean size diverges as |(E ─ E c|−1/d and remnant polarization diverging as |(E ─ E c|(d-4)/d . The relaxation of the polarization to the asymptotic value is characterized by a slow non-exponential time dependence with a divergent time-scale. At E ═ E c the polarization grows as a power of t. The results are directly relevant to experiments on randomly pinned charge-density wave (CDW) systems. More generally, the processes described by the model suggest some possible mechanisms for non-exponential relaxation in random materials.
QMCF: QMorph Cross Field-driven Quad-dominant Meshing Algorithm

Abstract We propose a new method for generation of quadrilateral meshes. Our algorithm takes a triangle mesh generated on a computer-aided design surface together with a size field as input. A novel cross field, defined on vertices of the triangle mesh, is derived from both curvature directions and constraints on the boundary. Our algorithm uses a modified QMorph algorithm for quad dominant meshing, to follow size field and to align edges with the cross field previously computed.
How should COMET influence heart failure practice

Much clinical experience has led us to assume that the administration of a β-blocker, regardless of dose or frequency, would produce similar mortality benefits in patients with heart failure. The results from the recently published Carvedilol or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET), which found greater benefit of carvedilol than immediate-release metoprolol on mortality, clearly demonstrated this is not true. In heart failure, the COMET results strongly support the use of β-blockers that have proven effective in largescale clinical trials. The primary disagreement regarding COMET concerns the explanation of the efficacy difference between the two β-blockers tested. Pharmacodynamic considerations and hemodynamic data from the COMET trial itself suggest there were unequal degrees of e 67-001-blockade between patients receiving carvedilol and immediaterelease metoprolol. Failure to achieve a similar degree of i,e 67-001-receptor blockade in the two groups prevents conclusions regarding the potential incremental benefits of selective versus nonselective adrenergic blockade. Further studies are needed to determine whether there are additional clinical benefits from the inhibition of adrenergic receptors beyond the proven benefits of i,e 67-001-blockade.
LiCoO2 texturing by laser induced forward transfer for printed microbatteries

Laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) is used to print Li-ion battery electrodes. We show a preferred orientation of LiCoO2 particles in the (003) direction relative to non-laser transferred materials. While the laser energy does not alter the degree of orientation, the number of passes and transfer distance both have a significant influence on the observed texturing. We use a geometric argument based on the arrangement of plate-like particles on the substrate to explain the observations. When the plate-like particles encounter a perfectly flat substrate, they are able to align flat, causing (003) domains parallel to the substrate to be over 30 times more predominant than either (101) and (104) domains. From this maximum degree of orientation subsequent passes decrease the overall texturing of the samples as transferred particles encounter increasingly rough surfaces. At larger transfer distances, the areal density of particles reaching the substrate decreases, resulting in increased available substrate surface area and therefore more predominant particle orienting.
Press freedom and national development: Toward a re-conceptualization

This paper criticizes the mainstream studies of international press freedom for economic determinism and negligence of important elements such as the notion of power and cultural context. This paper suggests that the notions of "civil society" and the "public sphere" can be utilized as better indicators of press freedom than modernization indices such as per capita income, literacy rates and daily newspaper circulation. Because institutions of civil society and the public sphere are inherently grounded in the history and culture of a society, an adequate analysis of them is expected to yield rich insights about contextual conditions which largely determine the degree of press freedom in a society.
Is there a ditransitive construction in Kokama-Kokamilla?

In Kokama-Kokamilla (KK), ditransitive constructions — i.e. syntactic units that profile three participants and contain two non-subject arguments — do not exist as a distinct type relative to transitives. KK shows both indirective and secundative alignment types (Haspelmath 2004, Dryer 1986, 2006), but no formal or behavioral evidence for a second object of any kind. In KK, typical three-participant events are syntactically encoded in at least three ways, none of which comprises two grammatical objects. Further, these findings suggest that no verb or construction profiles three participants in the sense of Goldberg (1995: 49). This paper adds to the literature on languages that code three-participant events by means of transitive clauses (Margetts & Austin 2007), which ultimately questions indirect object and secondary object as primitive notions as suggested by Dryer (1986).
Evaluation of N-(5-indanylsulfonyl)-N′-(4-chlorophenyl)-urea against xenografts of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma

N-(5-indanylsulfonyl)-N'-(4-chlorophenyl)-urea (LY186641), a novel anticancer compound, was evaluated against six lines of rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts, each of which was established from tissue biopsies from untreated patients, and additional sublines selected as xenografts for primary resistance to vincristine, melphalan, and ifosfamide. LY186641 was given by oral gavage twice daily for 10 consecutive days or as 5-day courses repeated at 7-day intervals. At the optimal schedule, complete regressions of advanced tumors were obtained in each of the six rhabdomyosarcoma lines. There was no apparent cross-resistance in RMS lines selected for vincristine resistance or against multiple-drug-resistance KB cells in vitro. There was slight cross-resistance in xenografts selected for melphalan resistance, but not in an ifosfamide-resistant line. These results indicate that LY186641 may have significant clinical activity in the treatment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.
Fourier Transform EPR Measurement of Homogeneous Electron Transfer Rates

Fourier-Transform Electron Paramagnetic Resonance has measured the rates of homogeneous electron transfer reactions involving duroquinone radical anions. The radicals are generated by laser photolysis of duroquinone in methanol solution containing 10% triethylamine. The duroquinone concentration was varied over a factor of 1000. The rate constant for electron transfer between the radical anion and the neutral duroquinone is 1.5×108M−1s−1 and the intrinsic spin relaxation rates, T−11 and T−12 are 0.32 MHz and 0.44 MHz, respectively. Two-Dimensional magnetization transfer spectra show that the reaction is a homogeneous electron transfer reaction. The electron transfer rates are measured by two novel pulse sequences designed for more efficient data acquisition in samples with no unresolved inhomogeneous broadening. These two sequences result in a more rapid, accurate determination of the second-order chemical rate constant since the second-order rate constant is obtained directly and is not derived from a single measurement of a pseudo-first-order rate. The transient duroquinone radical anions studied here appear to have the same T1, T2 and electron transfer rates as stable duroquinone radical anions in alkaline solutions.
Unions, strikes, and labor's share of income: A quarterly analysis of the united states, 1949-1992

Abstract This paper examines a common assumption of much of the research on class relations in capitalist economies that workers' collective action improves the economic standing of the working class. Specifically, we utilize a quarterly, time-series analysis to test hypotheses about the impact of changes in union membership and strike activity on changes in labor's share and its three components—changes in employment, compensation, and net revenue—during the post-World War II U.S. economy. We examine these hypotheses during a period of transition in the capital–labor accord that has dominated the U.S. political economy since 1949. We identify three periods during the capital–labor accord—the peak, the transitional, and the post-accord periods—and anticipate changing effects of strike activity and union membership on labor share and its components in the different periods. Our results provide mixed support for the hypotheses, but generally confirm our expectations that trends in strike activity and union membership were more instrumental for impacting labor's share and its components as hypothesized during the peak period of the capital–labor accord and less instrumental in later periods. In the post-accord period, in particular, strikes and unions become virtually irrelevant for the economic standing of workers, a result that bespeaks the changing configuration of class relations in the postwar U.S. economy.
Geometry and symmetry structures in two-time gravity

Two-time (2T) gravity in d+2 dimensions predicts 1T general relativity in d dimensions, augmented with a local scale symmetry known as the Weyl symmetry in 1T field theory. The emerging general relativity comes with a number of constraints, particularly on scalar fields and their interactions in 1T field theory. These constraints, detailed in this paper, are footprints of 2T gravity and could be a basis for testing 2T physics. Some of the conceptually interesting consequences of the 'accidental' Weyl symmetry include that the gravitational constant emerges from vacuum values of the dilaton and other Higgs-type scalars and that it changes after every cosmic phase transition (inflation, grand unification, electroweak phase transition, etc.). We show that this consequential Weyl symmetry in d dimensions originates from coordinate reparametrization, not from scale transformations, in the d+2 spacetime of 2T gravity. To recognize this structure we develop in detail the geometrical structures, curvatures, symmetries, etc. of the d+2 spacetime which is restricted by a homothety condition derived from the action of 2T gravity. Observers that live in d dimensions perceive general relativity and all degrees of freedom as shadows of their counterparts in d+2 dimensions. Kaluza-Klein type modes are removed by gauge symmetries andmore » constraints that follow from the 2T-gravity action. However some analogs to Kaluza-Klein modes, which we call 'prolongations' of the shadows into the higher dimensions, remain but they are completely determined, up to gauge freedom, by the shadows in d dimensions.« less
Polysulfone and functionalized carbon nanotube mixed matrix membranes for gas separation: Theory and experiment

Novel nanocomposite membranes containing single walled carbon nanotubes inside a polysulfone matrix have been prepared and characterized. The carbon nanotubes were functionalized with long chain alkyl amines to facilitate dispersion in the polymer. Both permeabilities and diffusivities of the membranes increased with increasing weight fraction of carbon nanotubes at 4 atm. Experimental sorption isotherms of H2, O2, CH4 and CO2 were consistent with isotherms predicted by atomistic simulations. Comparison of CO2 adsorption of closed and open nanotubes with simulations of closed and partially open carbon nanotube bundles suggests that HiPco nanotubes are approximately 47% open.
PEM Fuel Cell Dynamic Model With Phase Change Effect

In this research, a system-level dynamic model accounting for the phase change effect is developed for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs). This model can illustrate the complicated transient behavior of temperature, gas flow, phase change in the anode and cathode channels, and membrane humidification under operating conditions. Simulation indicates that vapor in the cathode channel is more likely to be in the over saturated state and phase change (condensation under large load current situation) then takes place, which leads to higher temperature at cathode channel due to latent heat generation. In the anode channel, on the other hand, the phase change is less likely to occur even if the inlet hydrogen is humidified with a high relative humidity value. The model is partially validated using the experimental data from open literature. A series of analyses are carried out to investigate the underlying physical mechanisms. This model can be used in the optimal design and dynamic control of PEMFCs.
Quantum spin chains: Simple models with complex dynamics

The present study highlights some of the complexities observed in the dynamical properties of one-dimensional quantum spin systems. Exact results for zero-temperature dynamic correlation functions are presented for two contrasting situations: For both situations it is found that the exact results are considerably more complex than has been anticipated on the basis of approximate approaches which are considered to be appropriate and reliable for such situations. A still higher degree of complexity is expected for the dynamics of quantum spin systems which are nonintegrable. The paper concludes with some observations concerning nonintegrability effects and quantum chaos in spin systems.
The California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version: Relation to Factor Indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition

The California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version (CVLT-C) provides clinicians with a method of assessing various aspects of children's verbal memory and has been found to be sensitive to memory deficits resulting from a variety of neurological conditions. Intuitively, the CVLT-C would be expected to be highly related to a child's verbal cognitive abilities; however, with only a few exceptions, the relationship of this test to various domains of cognitive function has not been broadly studied empirically. To examine this issue, we evaluated the amount of unique variance in CVLT-C scores that could be predicted by the Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Freedom from Distractibility, and Processing Speed indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition (WISC-III) beyond that accounted for by age and gender in a sample of 62 children referred to an outpatient psychiatry clinic for neuropsychological evaluation. While the Processing Speed Index predicted a significant amount of variance for both short and long delay free and cued recall, the Verbal Comprehension Index was a poor predictor of CVLT-C performance on all outcome variables, accounting for only 1.5 to 4.5% additional variance above age and gender. These findings indicate that while the CVLT-C may be relatively independent of influences of verbal intelligence and abstract verbal reasoning, general speed and efficiency of processing play an important role in successful encoding for later retrieval on the CVLT-C.
Young Star Clusters in M 31

In our study of M 31’s globular cluster system with MMT/Hectospec, we have obtained high-quality spectra of 85 clusters with ages less than 1 Gyr. With the exception of Hubble V, the young cluster in NGC 205, we find that these young clusters have kinematics and spatial distribution consistent with membership in M 31’s young disk. Preliminary estimates of the cluster masses and structural parameters, using spectroscopically derived ages and HST imaging, confirms earlier suggestions that M 31 has clusters similar to the LMC’s young populous clusters.
Replication of the results in ‘learning about heterogeneity in returns to schooling’

A recent article (Koop and Tobias, 2004) proposes a direct way to characterize the extent of heterogeneity in returns to education. They investigate the adequacy of several competing models and conclude that returns to schooling are heterogeneous and are best modelled as a bivariate normal distribution. The results of this replication paper basically agree with the authors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possible Precursors of a Major Earthquake Centered Near Wilmington

Leveling data released by the U. S. Geodetic Survey indicate a land rise anomaly centered near Wilmington-Southport, NC, which over the span of 1932–1963 has averaged 6.5 mm per year. Existing tide guage data are consistent with the elevation changes indicated by the leveling. Groundwater pressures are anomalously high in deep wells in the same vicinity of the land rise and reach heights of 33 meters above sea-level. Attempts to explain the potentiometric anomaly by simple hydraulic conditions, osmotic imbalances, or the presence of natural gas have failed. The most plausible explanation seems to be the contemporary existence of deep stresses in the basement. The pressures appear to be of relatively recent occurrence - years, or decades at the most. The historical seismicity of the area to date is indistinguishable from that of Charleston, SC, prior to 1886. Charleston is only 230 km away and in the same geologic province. Since Charleston had a major earthquake in 1886 it is concluded that a similar event is possible at Wilmington-Southport. At least history cannot be used to rule out such an event. Until the Charleston event has been proven unique to that area, the entire Atlantic Coastal Plain from Georgia to New Jersey could conceivably be capable of such activity. Estimates based upon areal extent and time of the duration of these phenomena suggest an earthquake of order of magnitude, 7.0. The data are not sufficient to suggest a plausible time into the future for such an event. An earthquake this large in this area would be one of the most intense in U.S. history. A new net of SP seismographs is currently being installed there to look for velocity anomalies and to detect possible microseisms. A new tide guage is also being reinstated at Southport and a continuously recording potentiometric monitor has been put on one of the deep artesian wells. It is recognized that this additional data may or may not yield definitive results. It will be at least late 1976 or early 1977 before significant results can be obtained. It is hoped that this additional data will suggest an alternate explanation and, thus, not confirm the earthquake hypothesis. However, if such data does indicate the imminence of an earthquake, it is hoped that a prediction of size, time, and location can be achieved in order to make appropriate preparations, including the securing of an operating nuclear power plant there.
End-group and defect analysis of soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes

By use of solution phase mid-IR spectroscopy we are able to obtain an estimate for the ratio of the carbon atoms in the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) backbone to the carbon atoms in the end-groups and at defect sites of the octadecylamido (ODA) functionalized soluble SWNTs (s-SWNT-CONH(CH2)17CH3). This analysis shows that the weight percentage of the octadecylamido functionality in the s-SWNTs is about 50%.
Measurement of Hemagglutination-Inhibiting Antibody to Influenza Virus in the 1976 Influenza Vaccine Program: Methods and Test Reproducibility

Titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody were determined for all sera obtained from participants in the 1976 Influenza Vaccine Test Program. At least eight control sera were included in each test during the vaccine trial period for the purpose of monitoring HAI test reproducibility. Estimates of day-to-day reproducibility were defined as the percentages of duplicate aliquots of the same sera, tested on two separate days, having HAI antibody titers that did not differ by more than one twofold dilution. These reproducibility estimates ranged from 89% to 94% with influenza A/New Jersey/76 and A/Mayo Clinic/74 antigens. In contrast, within-day reproducibility estimates obtained from all sets of control sera ranged from 96% to 98%. Estimates of day-to-day test reproducibility obtained with selected sera taken after vaccination that were titrated on two different days ranged from 90% to 98%. Geometric mean titers of these sera tested weeks or months apart differed on some occasions during the test period.
Techniques of Developing Forecasting Statements

Although the research has clearly established that reading comprehension improves when the writer forecasts the discussion in an introductory or transitional passage, technical writing textbooks of...
Recycling of MUC1 Is Dependent on Its Palmitoylation

MUC1 is a mucin-like transmembrane protein expressed on the apical surface of epithelia, where it protects the cell surface. The cytoplasmic domain has numerous sites for phosphorylation and docking of proteins involved in signal transduction. In a previous study, we showed that the cytoplasmic YXXφ motif Y20HPM and the tyrosine-phosphorylated Y60TNP motif are required for MUC1 clathrin-mediated endocytosis through binding AP-2 and Grb2, respectively (Kinlough, C. L., Poland, P. A., Bruns, J. B., Harkleroad, K. L., and Hughey, R. P. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 53071-53077). Palmitoylation of transmembrane proteins can affect their membrane trafficking, and the MUC1 sequence CQC3RRK at the boundary of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains mimics reported site(s) of S-palmitoylation. [3H]Palmitate labeling of Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing MUC1 with mutations in CQC3RRK revealed that MUC1 is dually palmitoylated at the CQC motif independent of RRK. Lack of palmitoylation did not affect the cold detergent solubility profile of a chimera (Tac ectodomain and MUC1 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains), the rate of chimera delivery to the cell surface, or its half-life. Calculation of rate constants for membrane trafficking of wild-type and mutant Tac-MUC1 indicated that the lack of palmitoylation blocked recycling, but not endocytosis, and caused the chimera to accumulate in a EGFP-Rab11-positive endosomal compartment. Mutations CQC/AQA and Y20N inhibited Tac-MUC1 co-immunoprecipitation with AP-1, although mutant Y20N had reduced rates of both endocytosis and recycling, but a normal subcellular distribution. The double mutant chimera AQA+Y20N had reduced endocytosis and recycling rates and accumulated in EGFP-Rab11-positive endosomes, indicating that palmitoylation is the dominant feature modulating MUC1 recycling from endosomes back to the plasma membrane.
Reduction activities of Fe2O3SiO2 catalysts with hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen

Abstract Diphenylmethane and diphenylether were reacted under a H 2 H 2 S gas mixture in the presence of a series of Fe 2 O 3 SiO 2 catalysts. In general, the activity of Fe 2 O 3 SiO 2 increased as the surface area increased, but decreased when the catalyst preparation involved the use of sodium hydroxide or sulphate ions. The supported iron catalysts displayed higher activity, in terms of conversion, toward the aromatic-alkyl (Ar-C) bond cleavage than the aromatic-ether (Ar-O) bond cleavage. Some of the Fe 2 O 3 SiO 2 catalysts were more effective than MoO 3 CoOAl 2 O 3 for cleaving diphenylmethane and did so with less aromatic ring hydrogenation. The hydrocracking ability with regard to the Ar-C bond rupture correlated well with the acidity of the catalysts as determined by butylamine adsorption. Both hydrocracking and hydrogenation abilities of the catalysts were important in the Ar-O bond rupture which appeared to be influenced by acid and base sites.
Strategies to Evaluate the Safety of Bioengineered Foods

A number of genetically modified (GM) crops bioengineered to express agronomic traits including herbicide resistance and insect tolerance have been commercialized. Safety studies conducted for the whole grains and food and feed fractions obtained from GM crops (i.e., bioengineered foods) bear similarities to and distinctive differences from those applied to substances intentionally added to foods (e.g., food ingredients). Similarities are apparent in common animal models, route of exposure, duration, and response variables typically assessed in toxicology studies. However, because of differences in the nutritional and physical properties of food ingredients and bioengineered foods and in the fundamental goals of the overall safety assessment strategies for these different classes of substances, there are recognizable differences in the individual components of the safety assessment process. The fundamental strategic difference is that the process for food ingredients is structured toward quantitative risk assessment whereas that for bioengineered foods is structured for the purpose of qualitative risk assessment. The strategy for safety assessment of bioengineered foods focuses on evaluating the safety of the transgenic proteins used to impart the desired trait or traits and to demonstrate compositional similarity between the grains of GM and non-GM comparator crops using analytical chemistry and, in some cases, feeding studies. Despite these differences, the similarities in the design of safety studies conducted with bioengineered foods should be recognized by toxicologists. The current paper reviews the basic principles of safety assessment for bioengineered foods and compares them with the testing strategies applied to typical food ingredients. From this comparison it can be seen that the strategies used to assess the safety of bioengineered foods are at least as robust as that used to assess the safety of typical food ingredients.
Exploring technological opportunities for cognitive impairment screening

In this paper, I present continuous research on developing a novel computerized screening tool for people with cognitive impairment. With the quickly growing aging population, more effectively accessible screening tools need to be developed. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the possible technological opportunities, I conducted clinical practice observations, surveys, and interviews with older adults, as well as medical practitioners, such as neurologists and neuropsychologists. Based on the analysis results, I identify several issues in the current practice. I then present an ongoing progression of the development in order to solve the issues with future directions.
Reinforcement therapy using aides and patients as behavioral technicians: a case report of a mute psychotic.

I/'anderbilr University Summary.-A mute 23-yr.-old woman, diagnosed as catatonic schizophrenic, received systematic reinforcement therapy from personnel on her ward (three aides and another patient). Employing food reward and social approval, and assisted by a simple electronic device, this treatment reinstated a substantial degree of verbal communication. 6 mo, later, on an "open" ward, the patient was judged to be satisfactorily adjusted although she continued to converse only with her roommate. Among the pioneering efforts to treat hospitalized patients within an operant paradigm, several researchers suggested that systematic reward could be successfully employed to reinstate verbal behavior in mute psychotic patients (e.g., Isaacs, Thomas, & Goldiamond, 1960; Sherman, 1963). Further, more recent and extensive investigations have included rigorous control procedures (such as differential reinforcement for other behavior), thereby substantially strengthening the conclusions inferred from earlier work with mute patients (Sherman, 1965; Wilson & Walters, 1966). Thus, it may now be posited with reasonable confidence that establishing a reward contingency for verbal behavior will often be the sufficient condition for partial reinstatement of meaningful speech. Once the o~~tline of successful procedures for clinical intervention has been established, it is clearly desirable to pursue strategies which will make implementation of such techniques increasingly more economical. Thus, the present paper reports the attempted application of reinforcement therapy with a near-mute patient using aides and a non-mute patient as behavioral technicians. In addition to describing procedures for replacing professional therapists by behavioral technicians, the report also describes a device which was developed to aid the technicians' discrimination of appropriate responses and thus reduce arbitrary judgmental influences that might otherwise contaminate the procedure. Clinical and Historical Data The patient, Martha, was a 23-yr.-old white female who had been in and out of hospitals since the age of 15. At the time reinforcement procedures were instituted, she had been hospitalized continuously for 4 yr., resided in a "locked" 'Grateful acknowledgement is due to the staff and administrative personnel of Central State Hospital, whose cooperation and efforts were invaluable. The assistance of John P. Ora, who served as T during Session 1, and of Mark McSwiney, who designed and constructed the voice apparatus, is also acknowledged.
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF PREHISTORIC RESEARCH.

Of the eleven students taking part, about half were unable to remain for the entire term; these were permitted to join for short periods. In addition to the student body, permission was granted thirty-four other persons interested in our work to take part in our program—especially in Brittany and the Dordogne. Of the fifty conferences given, twenty were by the director and thirty by twenty-eight specialists. To the latter, the director desires to express his deep sense of appreciation. Sixty-three important prehistoric sites and thirty-five museums and special collections were examined. As a result of the twentyfive days of digging, collections were sent to seven contributing institutions. At the end of the season five students remained in the Old World for further study and field work
Effect of N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) on electron transport particles of Mycobacterium phlei

Abstract N,N′ -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) was found to uncouple phosphorylation from oxidation with succinate and NAD + -linked substrates in the system from Mycobacterium phlei . However, in contrast to the effect of this agent in mammalian mitochondria, DCCD was found to stimulate oxidation with succinate as an electron donor and to inhibit the oxidation of NAD + -linked substrates. Furthermore, in the M. phlei system DCCD was found to inhibit the membrane bound latent ATP-ase but had no effect on this activity when the latent ATPase was removed from the membrane vesicles. Reconstitution with the fraction containing latent ATPase activity and the membrane vesicles resulted in inhibition of latent ATPase by DCCD. Studies of the effect of DCCD on the resolved system indicated that DCCD may be associated with membrane vesicles or causes secondary changes in conformation of membrane vesicles. Although DCCD inhibited membrane bound ATPase it did not prevent the addition of the solubilized ATPase to the membrane vesicles. DCCD was found to have no effect on purified succinic dehydrogenase activity but stimulated this activity in the electron transport particles.
Absolute excitation energy measurements using an electrostatic analyzer

Abstract The excitation energies of several states in 6Li, 11B, 12C, 27Al and 56Fe have been measured in terms of the standard meter and the standard volt. The energy of the electron beam from a FN Tandem Accelerator was measured absolutely with a 61 cm radius electrostatic analyzer to an uncertainty of 0.037%. Thin target bremsstrahlung produced by this beam was used to excite the states in question. The excitation energies are as follows: (2126.5 ± 1.5) keV for the 2.12 MeV state in 11B; (2984.2 ± 1.5) keV for the 2.98 MeV state in 27Al; (3451.3 ± 1.7) keV for the 3.45 MeV state in 56Fe; (3569.0 ± 1.7) keV for the 3.56 MeV state in 6Li; (4439.4 ± 1.6) keV for the 4.44 MeV state in 12C; (4446.4 ± 1.8) keV for the 4.44 MeV state in 11B; and (5021.1 ± 1.8) keV for the 5.02 MeV state in 11B. These results are compared with particle-reaction and gamma ray spectroscopy measurements.
Influence of Oxygen Concentration on the Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon

Abstract Juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were held at 20° C. in 12-gallon bottles, usually 10 to a bottle, in continuously renewed fresh water having various dissolved oxygen concentrations. Reduced oxygen concentrations were maintained by bubbling nitrogen through the inflowing water. In most of the experiments, the fish were fed beach hoppers (marine amphipods) to repletion twice daily so that food was available for 10 hours each day. Growth and food consumption rates of age-class 0 juveniles observed in the year 1956 declined slightly with reduction of oxygen concentration from a mean of about 8.3 to 6 and 5 mg/l, and declined more sharply with further reduction of oxygen concentration. Weight gains in grams per gram of food consumed (food conversion ratios) were slightly depressed at concentrations near 4 mg/l, and were markedly reduced at lower concentrations. At concentrations averaging 2.1 to 2.3 mg/l, many fish died and surviving fish consumed very little food and lost weight...