cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuevas consideraciones sobre La Havane de la condesa de Merlin: El viaje a los Estados Unidos

The chapters included in Mercedes Santa Cruz y Montalvo’s La Havane, in which the author talks about her experiences and opinions about the United States, have not received much attention from the critics. This study offers a detailed analysis of these chapters pointing at various socio-political aspects which were determinant in the formulation of the text and its message. Furthermore, this study traces and identifies certain elements related to the genesis and production of La Havane that question accepted assertions and concepts from contemporary critics of Santa Cruz’s work. In the light of revealing comments from nineteenth-century writers and Santa Cruz herself, this study identifies a series of aspects which are fundamental for the understanding of the complexities and contradictions of Santa Cruz’s interesting travel book.
The Subperiosteal Midface Lift Using Bioabsorbable Implants for Fixation

The transtemporal subperiosteal approach to the midface may be continued as an extension of an endoscopic or open browlift procedure as well as combined with lower third facial rhytidectomy surgery to optimize entire facial rejuvenation. This technique also allows for fat graft injection, orbital fat pedicle repositioning, malar augmentation, and/ or lateral retinacular suspension of the lower eyelid if desired, in a safe fashion. Using a resorbable midface elevation device on a leash allows predictable reliable midface elevation with improved surgical efficiency.
Required Coefficient of Friction Versus Top-Piece/Outsole Hardness and Walking Speed: Significance of Correlations

Slip resistance of shoes in relation to walkway surfaces is of importance to forensic science. Pedestrians adapt to changes in shoe construction, walkway, and interface characteristics by altering patterns of movement. The instantaneous ratio of tangential to normal ground reaction forces (required coefficient of friction) is affected by such movement alterations. Slip probability depends on the ratio of required to available coefficient of friction (μr/μa). However, there are practical problems in application of this concept. Adequate assessments of the safety of footwear/walkway-surface interactions should take into account subject tests of μr in actual walking scenarios as well as material tests of μa and relevant footwear/walkway characteristics. Based on the literature, this paper discusses the relationship of μr to top-piece/outsole hardness and walking speed. A pilot experiment is described in which subjects walked across a force plate at a series of increasing speeds wearing shoes with the top-piece/outsoles replaced by various test materials. Correlations of μr versus top-piece/outsole hardness and walking speed are presented from data analysis of a single representative subject. The paper explores how biomechanical adaptations of the subject to his foot-wear may account for the fair-moderate correlations observed.
Tradeoff analysis for producing high quality tests for custom circuits in PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessors

Custom circuits, in contrast to those synthesized by automatic tools, are manually designed blocks of which performance is critical to the full chip operation. Testing these block represents a major challenge and hence, a crucial time-to-market factor in micro-processor design flow. This paper investigates various methodologies for testing custom blocks. Issues of efficiently obtaining proper circuit model for ATPG tools as well as producing quality tests are analyzed and discussed. Tradeoffs among various methods are analyzed and compared. Experience and results based on recent PowerPC microprocessors will be reported.
2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic Acid Is a Naturally Occurring Methionine Precursor in the Chick

The objective of these experiments was to determine the origin of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB) detected in the liver and excreta of chicks that had never been fed Alimet (an 88% aqueous solution of HMB) or MHA (an 86% calcium salt of HMB). Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to identify HMB in these birds. A normal biochemical pathway of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) is proposed as the source of naturally occurring HMB. Studies of conversion of [methyl-14C]MTA to L-methionine by chick liver enzymesOe showed that radiolabeled HMB and 2-oxo-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (keto-methionine) were synthesized during the reaction. Specific radioactivities of labeled HMB and keto-methionine showed that HMB is not synthesized from keto-methionine. Fractionation studies indicated that radiolabeled HMB formed from [14C]MTA could be used in the synthesis of L-methionine in the presence of peroxisomes and/or mitochondrial enzymes. In this way, HMB synthesized from MTA by chick liver enzymes functions as a precursor of L-methionine and as an intermediate in a naturally occurring pathway for the synthesis of L-methionine in the chick.
Low Energy Probes of Semiconductors

Since most transport processes involve states at or near the valence- and conduction-band edges, it is useful to have probes which characterize the electronic structure within this energy region. The energy region of interest corresponds to photons having energies of a few hundredths to a few tenths of an electron volt, that is, the radio to infrared frequency region of the spectrum.
Feedback control systems

A review of tools of feedback control consisting of Laplace transforms, Bode plots, root-locus, and state space is presented. Knowledge of these tools is critical to understanding power system stability and control.
Genetic Algorithms and the Search for Optimal Database Index Selection

The problem of the search for an optimum database index selection problem is an NP-complete problem. Genetic algorithms have been shown to be robust algorithms for searching large spaces for optimal objective function values. Genetic algorithms use historical information to speculate about new areas in the search space with expected improved performance. The feasibility of the application of genetic algorithms to the optimal database index selection is studied in this paper.
An Overview of the Neotectonics of Interior Alaska: Far‐Field Deformation from the Yakutat Microplate Collision

The neotectonics of southern and central Alaska are characterized by a wide zone of right-transpressional deformation across the Alaska Range and in the Cook Inlet region. The kinematics of young or active structures are well explained by counterclockwise rotation of the crust south of the Denali fault (referred to as the southern Alaska block) and northwest-directed shortening across the Denali fault. Farther northeast, there is evidence for right-lateral shear between the Denali and Tintina faults, which results in clockwise rotation of the crust between northeast-striking left-lateral faults. Farther north, seismicity indicates north―south compression across the eastern Brooks Range. Movement on these structures was accompanied by exhumation and basin subsidence in the last 10 Ma. The rotating southern Alaska block appears to be moving northwestward at a slow rate. The presence and kinematics of all the young structures can be attributed to the flat-slab subduction and collision of the buoyant Yakutat microplate. However, the exact mechanisms by which deformation, exhumation, and basin subsidence were driven are not clear. A transition from steep to shallow subduction angles, progression of the Yakutat collision, climate change, and a plate motion change may all be factors that affect these mechanisms. Geologic, seismologic, and geodesy data indicate that stress is transferred through the quasi-rigid upper crust more than 900 km from the collision zone, and it appears there must be a mechanism for decoupling the upper brittle lithosphere from the lower weak lithosphere, possibly by high temperatures at the base of the crust.
Activation of the trpBA promoter of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by TrpI protein in vitro.

Abstract We have developed an in vitro transcription system in which purified TrpI protein and indoleglycerol phosphate (InGP) activate transcription initiation at the trpBA promoter (trpPB) and repress initiation at the trpI promoter (trpPI) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The phenotypes resulting from mutations in the -10 region of both promoters indicate that the -10 region consensus sequence in P. aeruginosa is probably the same as that in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, in the absence of TrpI and InGP, the activities of the two promoters are inversely correlated: down mutations in trpPI lead to increased activity of trpPB, and up mutations in trpPB cause a decrease in trpPI activity. These results are a consequence of the fact that the two promoters overlap, so that RNA polymerase cannot form open complexes with both promoters simultaneously. Thus, in theory, by preventing RNA polymerase from binding at trpPI, TrpI protein could indirectly activate trpPB. However, oligonucleotide-induced mutations that completely inactivate trpPI do not relieve the requirement for TrpI and InGP to activate trpPB. Therefore, activation of trpPB is mediated by a direct effect of TrpI on transcription initiation at trpPB. In addition, the oligonucleotide-induced mutations in trpPI alter site II, the weaker of two TrpI binding sites identified in DNase I and hydroxyl radical footprinting studies (M. Chang and I. P. Crawford, Nucleic Acids Res. 18:979-988, 1990). Since these mutations prevent full activation of trpPB, we conclude that specific base pairs in site II are required for activation.
Learning to control dynamical behaviour

Abstract Control of dynamical behaviour requires the transformation of one dynamical sequence into another. The ability of a neural network to perform this task depends on the complexity of a time series involved and on the connectivity of the network used. Scaling estimates of the information extracted during learning and the resulting control error achieved are compared with simulations of period-doubling maps.
Public health assessment for dioxins exposure from soil

Abstract Dioxins are among the most toxic anthropogenic chemicals in the environment. Their toxicity has been extensively studied in both humans and animals. Dioxin-contaminated soil may result in dioxins occurring in a food chain. This is especially important for the general population. It has been estimated that about 98W of exposure to dioxins is through the oral route. In the 1980s, a concentration level of 1 ppb 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in soil was specified as “a level of concern,” based on cancer effects. However, recent studies indicate that end points other than cancer are also of concern. A health risk analysis scenario based on health effects of TCDD other than cancer is discussed and compared with the projected intake from 1 ppb TCDD in soil.
The Devil Is in the Detail: Hints for Practical Optimisation - A Comment

Comment note is presented on the paper presented by Christensen, Hurn and Lindsay (2008), 'The Devil is in the Detail: Hints for Practical Optimisation'. The paper presents good explanation to use a nonlinear solver however it can be improved by employing a four step method.
Predicting survival of high-technology initial public offering firms

Abstract Effectively understanding how technology management influences the performance of organizations requires a more longitudinal time horizon than traditionally used in management research. Further, the study of smaller, technology-intensive firms that are in the growth phase of the development life cycle is lacking in the literature. This exploratory study addresses these deficiencies by analyzing how the breadth and depth of technology management influences high-technology initial public offering (IPO) survival after five years. Content analysis is used to gather data on the technology management dimensions from the IPO prospectus of 95 high-technology firms that went public in the US in 1992. Using logistic regression analysis, the results show that high-technology firms who survive at least five years after an IPO have more intellectual property rights, more experienced senior executives, and spend less on R&D as a proportion of sales at the time of the IPO than their cohorts. These results suggest that enhancing structural inertia early by strengthening core technology resources contribute to survival after an event such as an IPO. Thus, effective management of technology processes may contribute to long-term survival of small- to medium-sized high-technology enterprises.
Optimization of thermal kinetic inductance detectors for x-ray spectroscopy

Thermal kinetic inductance detectors (TKIDs) are promising new detectors for use in X-ray spectroscopy because of the relative ease with which they can be fabricated into large arrays. While initial results have hinted at their resolution capability, the ultimate resolution achievable with these detectors has not been described. Using a bolometer matrix formalism, we examine the parameter space of the detector design (i.e., film critical temperature, detector operating temperature, resonator coupling, etc.) to examine the detectors response to noise sources, including phonon, Johnson, bias, and amplifier noise. Finally, we present the design of TKID optimized for 6-keV X-ray spectroscopy.
An Empirical Comparison of Several Commonly Used Measures of Valence

ABSTRACT The construct validity of valence measures based on anticipated satisfaction, attractiveness, and importance was examined in three studies. Results indicated that only the satisfaction measure consistently fit the validity criteria. The importance and, to a lesser extent, the attractiveness measures appear to be less appropriate as assessments of valence, perhaps due to the influence of expectancy on those judgments.
Complement protein C3 and coronary artery calcium in middle-aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls

AbstractCirculating complement protein C3 (C3) levels have been associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus, but have yet to be evaluated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We aimed to determine whether C3 levels were elevated in women with PCOS compared to controls and to quantify the association of C3 with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and CAC and if PCOS modified this association. This cross-sectional analysis included 132 women with PCOS and 155 controls, 35–62 years old, from the third visit of a case-control study. CAC was measured during the study visit, and circulating C3 was measured in stored sera. The presence of CAC and CAC categories (Agatston score 0, 1–9.9 and ≥10) were used for logistic and ordinal regression analysis, respectively. C3 levels were not significantly different between women with PCOS and controls. Among all women, C3 was associated with the presence of CAC and increasing CAC groups after adjusting fo...
Influence of coupling of sorption and photosynthetic processes on trace element cycles in natural waters

CHEMICAL and biological processes have important roles in the transport and cycling of trace elements in natural waters1-3, but their complex interactions are often not well understood. Trace-element concentrations may, for example, be controlled by adsorption—desorption reactions at mineral surfaces, with the equilibrium strongly influenced by pH. Variations in pH due to photosynthetic activity should result in concentration fluctuations as the adsorption—desorption equilibrium shifts with pH. To investigate these interactions, we have studied the effect of diurnal cycling of pH on dissolved arsenate in a perennial stream contaminated with arsenic. As expected, a diurnal cycle in arsenate concentration was observed, but surprisingly, the arsenate cycle lags several hours behind the pH cycle. Laboratory experiments show that the lag results from a slow approach to sorption equilibrium. Our observations demonstrate that the coupling of photosynthesis and sorption processes may have an important influence on the cycling of many trace elements and emphasize the importance of understanding sorption kinetics in modelling these processes.
The relationship between diagnosis and outcome in Arthroscopy of the hip

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the results of arthroscopy of the hip for osteonecrosis (ON) with those obtained for other diagnoses by presenting a cohort of patients with diagnosis and symptoms as dependant variables in a consecutive series of 86 cases of hip arthroscopy. Type of Study: Retrospective review of outcomes. Methods: There were 83 patients (86 hips) who underwent arthroscopy. Indications included ON (43%), labral injuries (20%), osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease, DJD) (10%), Legg-Calve-Perthes (LCP) disease (10%), and loose bodies (10%). All but 2 patients had had symptoms for at least 6 months. Symptoms were pain (100%), mechanical problems (78%), and loss of motion (56%). Arthroscopy was performed in the supine position, using a standard traction table, 30° and/or 70°arthroscopes, and the anterior and peritrochanteric portals. Data were collected longitudinally, retrospectively reviewed, and statistically analyzed. Results: No complications were seen; 60% of the patients had significant improvement over an average follow-up of 30 months. Better results were with labral tears (91%, P P P =.003). Eighteen patients (21%) underwent total hip arthroplasty at an average of 8.4 months after arthroscopy. Mechanical symptoms were a significant favorable prognostic factor ( P =.0019), with 85% having a good result. Patients with ON and mechanical symptoms had a significantly lower conversion rate to total hip arthroplasty than those with only pain or pain and decreased range of motion ( P =.0043). Conclusions: Arthroscopy of the hip is useful for diagnosis and therapy of loose bodies, labral injuries, focal chondral lesions, or the late sequellae of LCP disease. We conclude that the presence of mechanical symptoms is a favorable prognostic factor for any diagnosis except degenerative arthritis. Furthermore, the identification of mechanical symptoms is a specific indication for arthroscopy in ON before or after FVFG. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 17, No 2 (February), 2001: pp 181–188
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis during Cleavage of Ascaris lumbricoides Eggs

The appearance of well-defined nucleoli in 4-celled Ascaris embryos is associated with the synthesis of ribosomal RNA.
Ethics in Perioperative Practice—Principles and Applications

Though often difficult, ethical decision making is necessary when caring for surgical patients. Perioperative nurses have to recognize ethical dilemmas and be prepared to take action based on the ethical code outlined in the American Nurses Association's (ANA's) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. In this first of a nine-part series that will help perioperative nurses relate the ANA code to their own area of practice, the author looks at the first statement, which emphasizes respect for people.
Childhood metatarsal shaft fractures: treatment outcomes and relative indications for surgical intervention

Purpose Although the epidemiology of childhood metatarsal fractures is known, the appropriate treatment has not been elucidated. This study was undertaken to ascertain the outcomes of both non-operative and surgical treatment of these common childhood injuries and to discern any indications for treatment.
Redmond Red as a Redox Probe for the DNA-Mediated Detection of Abasic Sites

Redmond Red, a fluoropore containing a redox-active phenoxazine core, has been explored as a new electrochemical probe for the detection of abasic sites in double-stranded DNA. The electrochemical behavior of Redmond Red-modified DNA at gold surfaces exhibits stable, quasi-reversible voltammetry with a midpoint potential centered around −50 mV versus NHE. Importantly, with Redmond Red positioned opposite an abasic site within the DNA duplex, the electrochemical response is significantly enhanced compared to Redmond Red positioned across from a base. Redmond Red, reporting only if well-stacked in the duplex, represents a sensitive probe to detect abasic sites electrochemically in a DNA-mediated reaction.
The History and Reception of Charles Darwin’s Hypothesis of Pangenesis

This paper explores Charles Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis through a popular and professional reception history. First published in The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (1868), pangenesis stated that inheritance can be explained by sub-cellular "gemmules" which aggregated in the sexual organs during intercourse. Pangenesis thereby accounted for the seemingly arbitrary absence and presence of traits in offspring while also clarifying some botanical and invertebrates' limb regeneration abilities. I argue that critics largely interpreted Variation as an extension of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859), while pangenesis was an extension of natural selection. Contrary to claims that pangenesis was divorced from natural selection by its reliance on the inheritance of acquired characters, pangenesis's mid nineteenth-century reception suggests that Darwin's hypothesis responded directly to selection's critics. Using Variation's several editions, periodical reviews, and personal correspondence I assess pangenesis popularly, professionally, and biographically to better understand Variation's impact on 1860s and 70s British evolutionism and inheritance.
Scheduling for Minimum Total Loss Using Service Time Distributions

An analytic model of a single processor scheduling problem is investigated. The scheduling objective is to minimize the total loss incurred by a finite number of initially available requests when each request has an associated linear loss function. The assumptions of the model are that preemption is allowed with negligible loss of processor time, and that the distribution of actual service times is known for each class of requests. A request is associated with a class by any of its characteristics except its actual service time. A contrived example demonstrates that one reasonable scheduling rule does not always minimize expected total loss. The major results of the paper are the definition of a new scheduling rule based on the known service time distributions, and the proof that expected total loss is always minimized by using this new rule. Brief consideration is given to generalizations of the model in which new requests arrive randomly, and preemption requires a non-negligible amount of processor time.
Kinetics of the diffusion of self-trapped holes in alkali halide scintillators

Abstract Previous measurements of the reorientation kinetics of V k centers (self-trapped holes) permit a determination of the diffusion coefficient at room temperature in NaI, KI, RbI and KCl. Utilizing these diffusion coefficients, we apply Waite's diffusion-limites reaction theory to calculate the time required for self-trapped holes to migrate to thallium centers in NaI(Tl), KI(Tl), RbI(Tl) and KCl(Tl). We also estimate the lifetime of an electron trapped at a thallium site as a Tl° center from thermoluminescence measurements. It is concluded that V k centers diffuse and are captured at thallium sites in a time less than or comparable with the scintillation pulse decay time for the alkali iodides, and that the very long hole-diffusion time in KCl(Tl) is consistent with the absence of a scintillation effect in that crystal.
Activation of the de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids mediates angiotensin II type 2 receptor-induced apoptosis.

Abstract This study examines the role of sphingolipids in mediating the apoptosis of PC12W cells induced by the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor. PC12W cells express abundant AT2 receptor but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor and undergo apoptosis when stimulated by angiotensin II. AT2receptor-induced ceramide accumulation preceded the onset of caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation. AT2 receptor-induced ceramide accumulation did not result from the degradation of complex sphingolipids (SL) such as sphingomyelin or glycosphingolipids, as no changes in neutral or acidic sphingomyelinase activities, sphingomyelin level, nor in cellular glycolipid composition were observed. AT2 receptor activated serine palmitoyltransferase with a maximum time of 24 h after angiotensin II stimulation. The AT2 receptor-induced accumulation of ceramide was blocked by inhibitors of the de novo pathway of SL synthesis, β-chloro-l-alanine and fumonisin B1. Inhibition of the de novo biosynthesis of SLs by fumonisin B1 and β-chloro-l-alanine completely abrogated the AT2 receptor-mediated apoptosis. Pertussis toxin and orthovanadate blocked AT2 receptor-mediated ceramide production. Taken together our data demonstrate that in PC12W cells the stimulation of AT2 receptor induces the activation of de novo pathway, and a metabolite of this pathway, possibly ceramide, mediates AT2 receptor-induced apoptosis.
Automated sparse 3D point cloud generation of infrastructure using its distinctive visual features

The commercial far-range (>10m) spatial data collection methods for acquiring infrastructure's geometric data are not completely automated because of the necessary manual pre- and/or post-processing work. The required amount of human intervention and, in some cases, the high equipment costs associated with these methods impede their adoption by the majority of infrastructure mapping activities. This paper presents an automated stereo vision-based method, as an alternative and inexpensive solution, to producing a sparse Euclidean 3D point cloud of an infrastructure scene utilizing two video streams captured by a set of two calibrated cameras. In this process SURF features are automatically detected and matched between each pair of stereo video frames. 3D coordinates of the matched feature points are then calculated via triangulation. The detected SURF features in two successive video frames are automatically matched and the RANSAC algorithm is used to discard mismatches. The quaternion motion estimation method is then used along with bundle adjustment optimization to register successive point clouds. The method was tested on a database of infrastructure stereo video streams. The validity and statistical significance of the results were evaluated by comparing the spatial distance of randomly selected feature points with their corresponding tape measurements.
A Correlative Study of p53 Protein Alteration and p53 Gene Mutation in Glioblastoma Multiforme

The p53 tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated in glioblastomas. Mutations within the p53 gene often result in aberrant expression of the p53 protein leading to protein accumulation within the nucleus of the cells which can be detected by immunochemistry. Many studies have correlated alterations of p53 protein expression with p53 gene mutations. Positive staining of tumor cells for p53 protein has been widely assumed, perhaps incorrectly, to signify the presence of p53 gene mutations. This study compared the immunostaining patterns for p53 protein in 37 glioblastomas with the molecular genetic data obtained by the single strand conformation polymorphism assay. p53 gene mutations were detected in 46% (17 of 37) of glioblastomas, while 65% (24 of 37) of glioblastomas were positive for protein accumulation by immunohistochemistry. Although 30 of 37 glioblastomas analyzed showed concordance for p53 protein expression and p53 gene mutations, a subset of seven glioblastomas showed discordant accumulation of the p53 protein in the absence of any detectable p53 gene mutations. The mdm-2 gene was assessed in 17 glioblastomas for gene rearrangements or amplification, but none were found. This result suggests that a mechanism other than p53 gene mutation can result in altered p53 protein expression.
Complex cycles on algebraic models of smooth manifolds

Every compact smooth manifold M is diffeomorphic to the set \({X(\mathbb{R})}\) of real points of a nonsingular projective real algebraic variety X, which is called an algebraic model of M. Each algebraic cycle of codimension k on the complex variety \({X_{\mathbb{C}}=X\times_{\mathbb{R}}\mathbb{C}}\) determines a cohomology class in \({H^{2k}(X(\mathbb{R});\mathbb{D})}\) , where \({\mathbb{D}}\) denotes \({\mathbb{Z}}\) or \({\mathbb{Q}}\) . We investigate the behavior of such cohomology classes as X runs through the class of algebraic models of M.
Implicit-moment, partially linearized particle simulation of kinetic plasma phenomena.

An algorithm for kinetic simulation of electron and ion plasmas is introduced that combines both implicit and perturbative methods to deal efficiently with disparate time scales and signal-to-noise issues associated with particle discreteness. The algorithm is introduced for an electrostatic model in a strong magnetic field with gyrokinetic ions and drift-kinetic electrons. Some of the numerical dispersion properties are analyzed and confirmed in test simulations. Two-dimensional applications of the algorithm to drift-wave instabilities excited either by an ion temperature gradient (ion-temperature-gradient instability) or by electron inverse Landau damping in the presence of a density gradient (collisionless drift instability) are presented that illustrate the usefulness of the method. Clear gains in resolution and computational efficiency over previous methods are achieved. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
On travelling waves of the Gray–Scott model

For a range of parameter values we show that the Gray–Scott model supports a rich variety of families of travelling wave solutions. The waves are of qualitatively different nature depending on parameters. In certain singular limits, by using rescaled versions of the equations, we pinpoint the structure of the travelling waves. The results are anchored in geometric singular perturbation theory.
Challenging conventional wisdom: The etiologic role of dopamine oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease

Oxidative stress is well documented in Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been attributed to dopamine oxidative metabolism. However, evidence of oxidative stress is found in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting that more general factors are responsible or that cytodestructive processes secondarily generate oxyradical products. Increasing evidence points away from dopamine metabolism as an important contributor to PD neurodegeneration. Predictions from the dopamine oxidative stress hypothesis of PD reveal multiple inconsistencies. Although the clinical and therapeutic importance of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is undeniable, PD neuropathology is much more widespread.
The published music of Heinrich Schenker: An historical‐archival introduction

(1990). The published music of Heinrich Schenker: An historical‐archival introduction. Journal of Musicological Research: Vol. 10, No. 3-4, pp. 177-197.
Enhanced tracer transport by the spiral defect chaos state of a convecting fluid.

To understand how spatiotemporal chaos may modify material transport, we use direct numerical simulations of the three-dimensional Boussinesq equations and of an advection-diffusion equation to study the transport of a passive tracer by the spiral defect chaos state of a convecting fluid. The simulations show that the transport is diffusive and is enhanced by the spatiotemporal chaos. The enhancement in tracer diffusivity follows two regimes. For large Peclet numbers (that is, small molecular diffusivities of the tracer), we find that the enhancement is proportional to the Peclet number. For small Peclet numbers, the enhancement is proportional to the square root of the Peclet number. We explain the presence of these two regimes in terms of how the local transport depends on the local wave numbers of the convection rolls. For large Peclet numbers, we further find that defects cause the tracer diffusivity to be enhanced locally in the direction orthogonal to the local wave vector but suppressed in the direction of the local wave vector.
Widespread changes in the translation and adenylation of maternal messenger RNAs following fertilization of Spisula oocytes.

Abstract We have reported previously that sequence-specific adenylations and deadenylations accompany changes in the translation of maternal mRNA following fertilization of Spisula oocytes ( E. T. Rosenthal, T. R. Tansey, and J. V. Ruderman, 1983, J. Mol. Biol. 166, 309–327 ). The data presented here confirm and extend those observations. We have identified four classes of maternal mRNA with respect to translation: Class 1—not translated in oocytes and translated at very high efficiency immediately after fertilization, Class 2—not translated in oocytes and partially utilized for translation following fertilization, Class 3—translated in oocytes and not translated in embryos, and Class 4—not translated either before or after fertilization. There is an excellent, although not perfect, correlation between the translation of an mRNA and its polyadenylation status. The poly(A) tails of all the mRNAs which are translated in oocytes and untranslated in embryos are shortened at fertilization, and the poly(A) tails of those mRNAs which are untranslated in oocytes and translated in embryos are lengthened at fertilization. These adenylations and deadenylations occur simultaneously during the first 20 min following fertilization.
Pets and Childhood Asthma—How Should the Pediatrician Respond to New Information That Pets May Prevent Asthma?

Childhood asthma is intimately connected to inhalant allergen sensitization. Although not every child with asthma is allergic, most are.1 The longitudinal study of Melbourne schoolchildren initiated in the 1960s by Williams and McNicol has clearly demonstrated the importance of allergic sensitization in not only the presence of asthma, but also its severity.2 Sears and colleagues came to the same conclusion in follow-up of the Dunedin birth cohort, in that prevalence of asthma was highly correlated with level of total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE)3 as well as sensitization to cat allergen.4 A classic study by Sporik and colleagues5 demonstrated that exposure to high levels of dust mite (>10 μg Der p1 /g of dust) during the first 2 years of life increased the risk of developing asthma 4.8-fold in a cohort of children at risk due to having at least 1 parent with asthma or hay fever. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effects of inhalant allergen exposure on asthma severity. Exposure and allergic sensitization to cockroach was associated with significantly greater risk of asthma hospitalization and greater health care utilization among 476 children aged 4 to 9 years who participated in the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study.6 Allergic sensitization to the mold Alternaria has been identified associated with increasing airway hyperresponsiveness among schoolchildren,7 as well as with a nearly 200-fold increased risk of respiratory arrest attributable to asthma.8 The Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP), comprised of 1041 children aged 5 to 12 with mild to moderate asthma, found that allergic sensitization to tree pollen, weed pollen, Alternaria , cat dander, dog dander, or indoor molds was associated with greater airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.1 In CAMP patients, nocturnal awakening was strongly associated with allergy to environmental allergens.9 Pet allergy is particularly important …
Carotenoids of Betaeus harfordi (Crustacea: Decapoda).

Die Carotinoide der GarneleBetaeus harfordi bestehen zu uber 93% aus Astaxanthin und seinen Estern. Die tiefblaue ausserliche Farbe wird durch ein Chromoproteid mit unverestertem Astaxanthin gebildet.
Quasiclassical Spin Dynamics for the Heisenberg Model

The Wigner method is employed to develop explicit relationships among quantum-mechanical and classical equations of motion and quantum-mechanical and classical pair-correlation functions of spin operators. In this method, quantum corrections to the classical theory can be accurately estimated. The formalism is applied to a spin-\textonehalf{} Heisenberg model at high temperatures. The most attractive feature of this method is that many of the results are intuitively satisfying. Finally, we make a connection between our results and the classical calculations made by several other authors.
Geology of Espinaso Formation (Oligocene), North-Central New Mexico: ABSTRACT

In the Hagan basin of north-central New Mexico, Espinaso Ridge contains the largest and least deformed exposures of the Espinaso Formation (Oligocene). The Espinaso primarily consists of 430 m of volcanic detritus eroded from eruptive centers in the Ortiz Mountains and Cerrillos Hills. The Espinaso appears conformable and gradational with the underlying Galisteo Formation and is overlain unconformably by the Santa Fe Group. Sedimentary structures, facies relations, and upward coarsening sequences indicate that the Espinaso was deposited on prograding alluvial fans by braided streams and laharic flows. Clasts in the conglomerates range from andesitic near the base of the formation to latitic near the top. A chemical analysis from an interbedded lava flow in the upper half of the section shows a normative composition of nepheline latite. The sandstones are composed mostly of feldspar and lithic fragments. The most distinctive petrologic characteristics of the Espinaso are high P/F ratios, low quartz, lack of any lithic fragments other than volcanic fragments, and high percentages of microlitic volcanic fragments. The sedimentary record suggests that the commencement of volcanic activity in late Eocene time coincided with deposition of upper Galisteo sandstones. By Espinaso time, significant volcanic activity caused the progradation of coalescing fans over a region of low physiographic relief. The fine grain size of uppermost Espinaso sediments suggests the waning of volcanic activity in the latest Oligocene. End_of_Article - Last_Page 562------------
Studies on candelilla wax. II. Itsn-paraffins

A simple, rapid adsorption method for the isolation of candelilla paraffins has been described. Use of the method as a quantitative procedure yielded 52.2% paraffins.
Identification of SNPs associated with susceptibility for development of adverse reactions to radiotherapy

Although cancer treatment with radiation can produce high cure rates, adverse effects often result from radiotherapy. These toxicities are manifested as damage to normal tissues and organs in the radiation field. In recognition of the substantial variation in the intrinsic response of individuals to radiation, an effort began approximately 10 years ago to discover the genetic markers, primarily SNPs, which are associated with susceptibility for the development of these adverse responses to radiation therapy. The goal of this research is to identify the SNPs that could serve as the basis of an assay to predict which cancer patients are most likely to develop complications resulting from radiotherapy. This would permit personalization and optimization of the treatment plan for each cancer patient.
Lactic acidosis and other mitochondrial disorders

The ability of mitochondria to oxidize substrates and generate energy is integral to normal homeostasis and to the ability of cells to survive in the face of impending energy failure. Lactic acidosis is a common and readily apparent biochemical marker for mitochondrial dysfunction. However, lactic acidosis represents only the most obvious example in which acquired or congenital abnormalities of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylating capacity contribute to the pathobiology and phenotypic expression of a broad spectrum of clinical disorders. Consequently, interventions that improve mitochondrial function or prevent mitochondrial energy failure may have widespread therapeutic implications.
Medical adrenalectomy using aminoglutethimide and dexamethasone in advanced breast cancer

Twelve women with advanced breast carcinoma were given aminoglutethimide (up to 2 gm q.d. p.o.), in addition to dexamethasone (1.0–3.0 mg daily) and Florinef (0.1 mg b.i.w.) in order to produce a medical adrenalectomy. Adequacy of adrenal blockade was assessed by measuring A.M. plasma and 24-hour urinary free cortisol by specific competitive protein binding techniques. Seven of 9 patients who had received an adequate trial had constant suppression of adrenal cortical function for at least a period of 8 weeks. Escape from blockade, when observed, was attributed to the rapid metabolism of dexamethasone induced by aminoglutethimide, demonstrated by determining the half-life of 3H-dexamethasone before and during treatment. Three patients with soft tissue involvement demonstrated a 1-A response (12+, 5+ 6 months). Three patients with bone involvement showed a 0-A response (7, 5, and 4 months). Lethargy and allergy to aminoglutethimide prevented an adequate trial in two patients. A third patient who was adequately suppressed for 7 weeks died before the 8-week trial period. Minor side effects attributable to aminoglutethimide (nystagmus, ataxia, lethargy, skin rash) were seen frequently but abated with reduction in dosage. No Cushingoid side effects related to dexamethasone administration were noted.
Phosphatase activities in soil after repeated untreated and alum-treated poultry litter applications

Repeated additions of untreated and aluminum sulfate (alum)-treated poultry litter to soil affect ecology and consequent nutrient dynamics. The objective of this study was to determine how repeated annual poultry litter additions affected phosphatase activities in concert with changes in soil phosphorus (P). Field plots were amended annually since 1995 with either 2.24 or 8.96 Mg ha−1 alum-treated (AL-1 or AL-4, respectively) or untreated poultry litter (PL-1 or PL-4, respectively) or equivalent rates by N content of ammonium nitrate (AN-1 or AN-4, respectively). Soil pH, total C (CTot), microbial biomass C, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA), Mehlich-III P (M3P), water-soluble P (WSP), and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured before and 10 days, 1 month, and 6 months after fertilizer applications in 2003 and 2004. M3P and acid phosphatase activities were higher in AL-4 soil than in all other treatments. Higher WSP in the untreated compared to the alum-treated litter resulted in higher WSP in the soil amended with untreated litter. At the same time, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher in PL-4 compared to AL-4. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower in AN-4, the treatment with the lowest pH. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase activities expressed per unit CTot or dsDNA remained significantly greater in PL-4 and significantly lower in AN-4, than all other treatments. Thus, some factor beyond an increase in soil C or microbial biomass contributed to elevated alkaline phosphatase activities in PL-4, despite increased WSP in the treatment receiving the high rate of untreated litter.
A Cognitive Cross-Layer Architecture for Next-Generation Tactical Networks

In this paper, a unified cognitive cross-layer architecture is proposed for the next-generation IP-based mobile tactical networks, where each node in the network can sense and learn from its situational and contextual information, and then it will respond the changes of environment by adapting system parameters and network services based on the learned results. In this way, it can provide Quality of Services (QoS) to multimedia services while fully utilizing network resources. The core of the proposed architecture is a unified cross-layer controller which provides both vertical system control and the horizontal network control. The vertical system adaptation is guided by the horizontal network control based on network data mining techniques, leading to a multi-scale cross-layer architecture for distributive and autonomous QoS provisioning in mobile tactical networks. Therefore, the proposed architecture can support the design requirements of next-generation mobile tactical networks, such as autonomy, self-configuration, self-organization, scalability, adaptability, and simplicity, to provide multimedia services such as video clips, images, voice, and text messages. The implementation of the proposed cross-layer architecture is also briefly discussed in this paper. A related paper discusses some modeling and simulation results that validate the gains that can be made by using a cross-layer approach in implementing next generation mobile tactical networks.
Current Practice Patterns in the Surgical Management of Renal Cancer in the United States

Over the last two decades, there has been a rising incidence of renal tumors, particularly, small renal masses (<4 cm) resulting in a downward size and stage migration. This has brought about a paradigm shift in the management of newly diagnosed renal masses, such that nephron-sparing surgery, minimally invasive techniques, and active surveillance are frequently considered preferable to the historical gold standard of open radical nephrectomy. Population-based cohort studies indicate, however, that the widespread adoption of these techniques has been relatively slow and incomplete leading to significant disparities in the delivery of care throughout the country. Further investigation is required to determine the barriers to diffusion of new techniques and technology as well as to ensure equal access to quality care in the United States.
Dimensions of temperament: an analysis

The TDOT recast into a single stimulus format was administered to 150 college Ss. A factor analysis of the items followed by an analysis of item clusters that define each factor indicated the presence of 14 dimensions. Of the 10 bipolar scales of the TDOT, 3 were confirmed as independent dimensions, and 5 were confirmed in part or split into unipolar factors.
Constructing competence: autism, voice and the ‘disordered’ body

Definitions of intelligence have traditionally been rooted in literacy competence. In this article, the authors examine two historical examples where societal prejudices and institutional forces worked to limit and regulate access to literacy. The first example illustrates how racism and denial of competence were so profoundly linked and established in 18th century America that author and poet Phyllis Wheatley was forced to go before a tribunal to demonstrate her faculties. The second example concerns Helen Keller. She too was, on more than one occasion, presumed a fraud and had her literacy interrogated. The authors then identify contemporary instances of societal monitoring of who may be literate, drawing especially on experiences of individuals classified as autistic. Based upon these examples, the authors examine the connection between perceptions of communicative competence and understandings of intelligence and mental retardation.
ZUNI DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE, A.D. 1300-1680: A CASE STUDY ON SPANISH CONTACT AND NATIVE POPULATION DYNAMICS

Massive depopulation due to epidemic disease had important consequences for Native American groups in terms of cultural continuity. To understand the history and prehistory of a specific people, as well as to help refine our models and methods for studying demographic change throughout the New World, we must investigate the timing and scale of changes in population dynamics among different groups. This paper investigates changes in Zuni demographic structure, in the southwest United States, from A.D. 1300 to 1680. Paleodemographic statistics are generated from burial data recovered from the Zuni town of Hawikku. Results indicate that European diseases only affected populations in the Zuni area after missionization of the region.