cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DSM-III-R SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY TRAITS IN OFFSPRING OF SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORDER, AFFECTIVE DISORDER, AND NORMAL CONTROL PARENTS

Abstract The aggregation of disorder in families identified by a schizophrenic disorder proband (index case) has provided inderect clues to the question of diagnostic boundaries of schizophrenic spectrum categories. The Danish Adoption Studies provided quasi-experimental evidence for the range of expression of a putative schizophrenic spectrum disorder which was subsequently denoted schizotypal personality disorder (STPD) in DSM-III-R. It has been hypothesized that such schizophrenic spectrum categories bear a genetic relationship to schizophrenic disorder and thus are continuous with schizophrenia in terms of etiology and pathogenesis. For meaningful use of such spectrum categories in genetic analyses, e.g., linkage analysis, it is important that rates of spectrum traits and disorder in normal control and in psychiatric control populations are known. The rate of DSM-III-R schizotypal traits and disorder was assessed in three offspring groups (ages 18–29) defined by parental diagnoses, including schizophrenic disorder (N = 90), affective disorder (N = 79), and no parental disorder (N =161). The assessment was conducted by trained social workers and psychologists by means of a direct interview (Personality Disorder Examination). The interviewers were blind to the parental status and to previous psychiatric assessments of these offspring. The rates of three, four and five schizotypal features were elevated in the offspring with parental psychiatric disorder in contrast to the offspring with no parental psychiatric disorder. However, the rates between the offspring of the schizophrenic disorder parental group and the offspring of the affective disorder parental group did not differ significantly, thus failing to support the assumption of diagnostic specificity.
Pediatric nodular fasciitis in the head and neck: evaluation and management

Importance Nodular fasciitis is a rare benign tumor that can present in the head and neck in children. A better understanding of this rare condition is critical to optimize management. Objective To review the presentation, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of pediatric nodular fasciitis of the head and neck. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective review of all patients treated for nodular fasciitis of the head and neck over a 20-year period at a pediatric tertiary care center. Intervention Surgical excision. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical data, including age, presenting symptoms, anatomical site(s), evaluation, treatment, and complications. Results Fifteen children with pathologically confirmed nodular fasciitis of the head and neck were identified, including 8 boys and 7 girls. The median (range) age at diagnosis was 9.3 years (2 months to 18 years). Patients most commonly presented with a firm, enlarging soft-tissue mass. Two patients reported pain, and 1 patient presented with erythema. The most common location was the maxillofacial region (5 patients). Other locations included the scalp (3 patients), forehead (2 patients), neck (2 patients), mandible (1 patient), postauricular region (1 patient), and nasal dorsum (1 patient). One patient reported a preceding trauma, and 1 patient, a preceding infection. Presurgical imaging varied; imaging modalities used included computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, ultrasound, and sialography. All patients underwent surgical excision, which focused on excising the mass while preserving surrounding normal tissues. Mean (range) follow-up was 7.69 (0-46) months. Two minor complications were reported: 1 patient who underwent a near-total excisional biopsy experienced residual firmness and tenderness at the site of the lesion and another patient was left with an unfavorable cosmetic scar that necessitated intralesional steroid injection. No patient demonstrated recurrence at follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance Although an uncommon diagnosis, nodular fasciitis should be considered in the evaluation and treatment of head and neck soft-tissue masses in children. Preoperative imaging is nonspecific and variable. Pathological findings are necessary for diagnosis. Surgical excisional biopsy is curative, with no instances of recurrence in our series.
A remarkable career in science—Joseph G. Gall

A festive group of ∼150 current and former students, postdoctoral and other associates, and colleagues gathered during the weekend of April 12–14, 2013 to celebrate Joe Gall’s 85th birthday. The gathering, hosted by the Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Embryology (Allan Spradling, Director) and organized by a group of Joe’s current and former students (Zehra Nizami, Alison Singer, Ji-Long Liu, Virginia Zakian, Susan Gerbi), was held in Baltimore, MD. Dinners and symposia extending over 3 days celebrated Joe’s scientific findings over the years, together with those of his former students, postdoctoral fellows, and other associates (see program at https://sites.google.com/site/gallsymposium2013/).
Prioritized interdiction of nuclear smuggling via tabu search

We describe an optimization model for interdicting smuggling of illicit nuclear material. Modeled on a directed network, the interdictor’s goal is to select radiation detector installation locations, subject to a budget constraint, to minimize a smuggler’s evasion probability. A smuggler, characterized by a random origin–destination pair, traverses the network knowing the detector locations. An additional layer of uncertainty is captured when considering a set of budget scenarios in place of a fixed budget value. An optimal solution to this model yields a priority list of detector installation locations. After the budget is revealed, detectors are installed from highest to lowest priority until the budget is exhausted. This notion captures time-phased securing of a transportation network as resources become available. Modeled as bilevel stochastic mixed-integer programs, both the fixed and random budget models are computationally challenging. Hence, we develop a tabu search heuristic to approximately solve both problem types, and we present computational results to assess the performance of our algorithm.
Movement of a Drying Front in a Porous Material

A technique is described for directly observing the movement of a drying front through a thin layer of porous material. The observations show that the front moves in abrupt steps and develops an irregular morphology as it advances. Comparison of the experimental images with computer simulations indicates that several features of the drying front can be accounted for by a model based on invasion percolation.
Unwed teenage fathers: Emotional and health educational needs

Sixteen unwed teenage prospective fathers (mean age, 17.4 years) were studied to evaluate their emotional and health education needs. All were partners of girls enrolled in an adolescent maternity project. Nine teenagers were clinically assessed to be coping well with the pregnancy; 4, to be coping moderately well; and 3, to be coping poorly. Six teenagers were referred for counseling because of clinical evidence of significant depression. In response to a series of 4 questions testing their knowledge of reproductive physiology, 5 subjects answered 3–4 questions correctly; 10, 1–2 correctly; and 1, none. All expressed great interest in learning more about childbirth and childcare. In this select group of teenagers, there was a need for supportive counseling services and teaching in health education. Further research is needed to determine the scope of the problems encountered by unwed teenage fathers in other clinical settings.
Rapid droplet mixing using Light-Actuated Digital Microfluidics

We demonstrate the rapid droplet mixing ability of the Light-Actuated Digital Microfluidics device. A 3×3 array of droplets with 9 different reagent mixing ratios have been successfully generated using a digital light projector.
Canopy temperature as a measure of salinity stress on sorghum

A complete understanding of plant response to combined water and salinity stress is desirable. Previous growth chamber and greenhouse experiments with sorghum and maize indicate that soil salinity, by negatively affecting growth processes, may reduce consumptive water use, thus prolonging the supply of available soil moisture. In the present field experiment, canopy temperature measurements were used to examine the effect of soil salinity on the plant-soil water relations of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cv. Northrup King 1580). An infrared thermometer was used to measure canopy temperature during a 9-day period including two irrigations in plots of various salinities. The salinity treatments were created by a dual line-source sprinkler irrigation system, which applied waters of different quality. Excess irrigation allowed soil moisture to be uniform across the salinity treatments at the beginning of the measurement period. Consumptive water use and soil salinity were measured to quantify the salinity and water treatments. Grain and dry matter yields provided measures of plant response. Canopy temperature measurements were sensitive enough to detect differences across the salinity treatments when soil moisture was uniform for several days following irrigation. However, over the 9-day measurement period, plants in the low-salt plots used more water than plants in the high-salt plots. This differential water use eventually offset the salinity-induced stress, with the result that temperature differences were eliminated. Differences in temperature were observed again following irrigation. The results demonstrate that canopy temperature can be used as a tool to detect salinity stress on sorghum. Timing of measurements with regard to irrigation is identified as a key factor in detecting temperature differences that can be attributed to the presence of soil salinity.
Facilitating relational governance through service level agreements in IT outsourcing: An application of the commitment-trust theory

Firms increasingly rely on outsourcing for strategic IT decisions, and the many sophisticated forms of outsourcing require significant management attention to ensure their success. Two forms of interorganizational governance-formal control and relational-have been used to examine the management of IT outsourcing relationships. Contrary to the conventional substitution view, recent studies have found that these two governance modes are complementary; however, the dynamics of their interactions remain unexplored. Based on the commitment-trust theory, this paper focuses on how the formal control mechanism can influence the relational governance in an outsourcing engagement. Using service level agreements (SLAs) as a proxy for formal control, this study finds that eleven contractual elements, characterized as foundation, governance, and change management variables in an SLA, are positively related to the trust and relationship commitment among the parties. Trust and commitment, in turn, positively influence relational outcomes that we theorize would contribute to outsourcing success. Both research and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Synthesis of deuterium labeled cannabinoids

Several methods for the specific deuteration of cannabinoids are described. Deuteration of the phenolic ring was accomplished by treatment with BF3. Et2O followed by quenching with a solution of Na2 CO3 in D2 O resulting in deuterium incorporation in both the 2 and 4 positions. Regioselective incorporation of deuterium into either the 2 or 4 position of Δ8-THC was achieved using Florisil spiked with either D2O or H2O. Deuteration at positions 8, 10 and 11 was achieved by addition of DCI gas to the appropriate tetrahydrocannabinol to form 9-chlorohexahydrocannabinol labeled at either of the above positions, followed by elimination of hydrogen- or deuterium chloride with potassium-tert-amylate. UV irradiation of specifically labeled Δ8-THC gave the correspondingly labeled Δ9,11-THC.
Scaling nonlinear programs

An automatic procedure for scaling the variables and constraints of a nonlinear optimization problem is proposed and tested. The procedure attempts to reduce the spread of element values of the problem Jacobian. Results obtained using a GRG code show that the proposed scaling method in not consistently successful. Ideas for future work are presented.
Tectonic trigger for the formation of late Miocene Cu-rich breccia pipes in the Andes of central Chile

During the late Miocene, the decreasing angle of subduction below the Andes of central Chile caused a reduction in the influx of new magma and heat into the base of magmatic systems that had been active throughout the Miocene. This led to their cooling and solidification, triggering the release of large volumes of metal-rich magmatic fluids from middle- and upper-crustal magma chambers and generating a group of economically significant Cu-rich breccia pipes. The Sr- and Nd-isotopic compositions of the magmatic fluids that formed these brecccas, determined from breccia-matrix minerals, were variable, implying that these fluids were not exsolved from a specific Cu-porphyry magma, as is often invoked to explain Andean Cu deposits. Instead, the formation of the late Miocene deposits in central Chile was tectonically triggered by cooling of a variety of magma types during the last stages of existence of long-lived Andean magmatic systems as both subduction angle and, as a result, subarc magma supply decreased.
Ruptured benign cystic teratomas mimicking gynecologic malignancy

Ruptured benign cystic teratomas of the ovary mimicking gynecologic malignancy are uncommon, but frequently misdiagnosed. Two cases are reported that, preoperatively, were believed to represent ovarian carcinoma, but were found to have diffuse granulomatous peritonitis, secondary to perforation of the teratomas. Intra-abdominal adhesions and/or masses are frequent sequelae. A diagnosis of malignancy must be confirmed prior to performing radical surgery. A review of the literature is presented.
Internal rotation in the molecular ions of benzoic acid and salicylic acid. An INDO molecular orbital approach

An aspect of the mechanism of the hydroxyl H/ortho H scrambling in the molecular ion of benzoic acid was studied by the open-shell INDO molecular orbital method. Energies of te unrearranged structure, the planar structure in which H is attached to carbonyl oxygen and rotational conformers of the latter were studied to determine a pathway of minimum energy for rotation. The same calculations were made for salicylic acid, m-fluorobenzoic acid and p-fluorobenzoic acid. The results of these calculations agree quite well with experimental results.
An integrated theory of global advertising: An application of the GMS theory

Although there has been an increasing interest in global advertising research, the literature suffers from the lack of a broad theoretical foundation that could guide conceptualisation and theory d...
Rheological properties of coarse food suspensions in tube flow at high temperatures

Abstract The effects of particle concentration and carrier fluid temperature on rheological behavior of model food suspensions consisting of 1.5% CMC solution and green peas (15–30% v/v) were investigated using a tube viscometer. The flow behavior of the suspensions was represented by the power law model. The suspension consistency coefficient ( m ∗ ) increased with particle concentration and decreased with temperature, whereas the opposite trends were observed for the suspension flow behavior index ( n ∗ ). Among various theoretical, semi-empirical, and empirical equations tested for suspension apparent viscosity ( μ ∗ ) estimation, the third order expansion of Einstein equation, which was derived via the hydrodynamic approach, provided the best estimates for μ ∗ . Of equations tested for m ∗ estimation, those in which n ∗ was included offered better estimates of experimental values, with an empirical equation obtained based on the Einstein equation and the incorporation of n ∗ term providing the best m ∗ estimation. These findings suggest that, for concentrated coarse suspensions subjected to conditions presented here, the dependence between m ∗ and n ∗ is of importance and should be considered in order to achieve a better m ∗ estimation. Besides, better representations for power law parameters of such suspensions may be obtained based on a theoretical expression derived for μ ∗ via the hydrodynamic approach. The study presented here provides a much-needed insight toward the flow behavior of concentrated coarse food suspensions at high temperature, information of which is vital for various food processes.
Siting of mixtures in mordenite zeolites: 19F and 129Xe NMR and molecular simulation

19F and 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) investigations were performed to validate predictions from Monte Carlo simulations for molecular siting in mordenite zeolites. For single-component adsorption, CF4 adsorbs preferentially in the mordenite main channel, while Xe adsorbs about equally in the main channel and the mordenite side pocket. The temperature and pressure dependences of the siting were studied, as well as the influence of zeolite cation exchange on molecular siting. 129Xe NMR studies of Xe−CF4 binary mixtures in Na-mordenite show that the main channel peak decreases with increasing concentration of CF4, implying that Xe prefers the side pocket while CF4 prefers the main channel in the binary system. Results show that 19F NMR of adsorbed CF4 can be used to characterize different zeolite environments in a manner similar to 129Xe NMR but with reduced sensitivity. The NMR results provide a stringent test of molecular simulation of adsorption by providing molecular-level siting t...
Electrocardiographic repolarization abnormalities in familial dysautonomia: an indicator of cardiac autonomic dysfunction.

Objective: Electrocardiographic repolarization intervals were evaluated to determine the extent of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with familial dysautonomia (FD) and to determine if any of these intervals could serve as a possible predicotr of clinical symptoms.
Comments on: “Energetic balance for the Rayleigh–Stokes problem of an Oldroyd-B fluid” [Nonlinear Anal. RWA 12 (2011) 1]

Abstract We point out that an erroneous derivation in the recent paper [C. Fetecau et al. Energetic balance for the Rayleigh–Stokes problem of an Oldroyd-B fluid, Nonlinear Anal. RWA 12 (2011) 1–13] yields a correct solution by accident. Additionally, a number of misrepresentations and inaccuracies in the latter recent paper are identified, corrected and/or clarified in this Comment. Finally, a listing of recent papers in this journal in which a mistake occurs while applying the Fourier sine transform, and thus present erroneous solutions, is given as an Appendix .
Fabrication and Characterization of Photonic Crystals by Two-Photon Polymerization Using a Femtosecond Laser

Two-photon polymerization is a powerful technique in fabricating three dimensional sub-diffraction-limited structures. Recently, new sol-gel material, SZ2080, was introduced into two-photon polymerization and was proved to be better than the conventional materials for its negligible shrinkage. In this paper, two-photon polymerization was applied to generate woodpile structures, one kind of photonic crystal, using SZ2080. First, the relationship between scanning speed, laser power and resolution was determined through fabricating free-hanging lines. Based on this relationship, woodpile structures with different period distances were fabricated with high uniformity as shown by SEM images. Then optical properties of woodpile structures were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and a quantitative relationship between band gap and period distance was established.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
New measures of trade creation and trade diversion

Abstract This paper estimates the effects of regional agreements on trade flows controlling for country pair, importer-year, and exporter-year fixed effects. These fixed effects capture the determinants of trade flows normally included in gravity model specifications and control for yearly shocks to countries' trade. Controlling for the fixed effects generally reduces the estimated trade impacts of regional agreements. The estimates reveal that regional agreements have significant anticipatory effects on trade flows and continue to affect trade for up to 11 years after they begin. The paper also presents estimated effects on individual countries' trade flows in year five of the agreements.
Lung Abscess Caused by Legionella micdadei

We describe a case of lung abscess caused by sporadic infection with Legionella micdadei in a patient with AIDS. L micdadei infection can be very difficult to diagnose because the organism stains only weakly Gram negative, requires special culture media, and is not detectable with some direct fluorescent antibody tests that are directed only at Legionella pneumophila. Since it can stain acid fast, it may be confused with mycobacteria. The abscess was successfully treated using antibiotics and percutaneous catheter drainage.
Engineered carbon nanoparticles alter macrophage immune function and initiate airway hyper-responsiveness in the BALB/c mouse model

With the mass production of fullerenes currently underway, and the mass production of carbon nanotubes soon to follow, only a few studies have examined the biological consequences of manmade nanoparticle exposure in the mammalian system. This study examines carbon nanoparticle (CNP) exposure in both in vitro (murine BALB/c alveolar macrophages) and in vivo (murine BALB/c intranasal instillations) systems. Three types of CNP were examined (single-walled nanotubes, multi-walled nanotubes, and C60 fullerenes). In vitro macrophage experiments included measurements of morphology changes, apoptosis, viability, and antigen-presenting cell function in response to CNP exposure. In vivo mouse experiments determined the inflammatory potential of CNP exposure in the lung using a BUXCO™ apparatus along with cell differentials and cell morphology. This study presents evidence that CNP, accumulated in the plasma membranes of cells (disrupting lipid rafts), increased alveolar macrophage function with regard to antigen-pr...
Improved exercise performance and skeletal muscle strength after simulated altitude exposure: a novel approach for patients with chronic heart failure.

Abstract Background Adaptation to altitude leads to beneficial physiologic changes that improve oxygen delivery and utilization by the periphery. Athletes have used simulated altitude enclosures as part of their training regimen to improve exercise performance. We hypothesized that changes due to acclimatization would also be beneficial for patients with heart failure (HF). We report the results of a pilot study of altitude exposure in patients with chronic HF. Methods and Results Subjects with chronic stable HF, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%, on optimal medical therapy were enrolled and underwent simulated altitude exposure for 10 sessions, each 3–4 hours, over a period of 22 days. Starting altitude was 1,500 m and was increased by 300 m with each subsequent session to a maximum altitude of 2,700 m. Peak oxygen consumption, 6-minute walk distance (6MW), skeletal muscle strength, quality of life scores, LVEF, and hematologic parameters were measured at baseline and 48 hours and 4 weeks after the final session. Twelve subjects (median age 52.5 y, ejection fraction 31.7%) successfully completed the protocol without any adverse effects. Peak oxygen consumption significantly improved after altitude sessions from 13.5 ± 1.8 to 14.2 ± 1.9 mL kg −1 min −1 ( P = .036) and remained elevated after 4 weeks. There were significant improvements in exercise time, 6MW, skeletal muscle strength, and quality of life scores and a trend toward improvement in LVEF after completion of altitude sessions, which were sustained after 1 month. Conclusions Simulated altitude exposure up to 2,700 m is safe and well tolerated in patients with chronic stable HF and may have beneficial effects on exercise performance, muscular strength, and quality of life.
Influence of neonatal cochlear removal on the development of mouse cochlear nucleus. III. Its efferent projections to inferior colliculus.

Abstract In order to determine the transneuronal developmental influences of auditory deafferentiation, the right cochleas, with the first order spiral ganglion neurons, were removed in 6-day-old mice to eliminate all peripheral input to the right cochlear nucleus (CN). At 45 days, some of the efferent projections of right CN in these unilaterally lesioned mice and their unoperated controls were identified by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase from the contralateral (left) inferior colliculus (IC). In both groups of animals, reaction product was observed in neurons of the right CN, contralateral to the injection, and no labeling was seen in the ipsilateral left CN in either group. Contralaterally labeled were the fusiform cells of dorsal CN, the globular cells of ventral CN, and neurons within the nucleus of the intermediate acoustic stria. Quantification revealed significantly fewer fusiform and globular cells labeled in the deafferented CN, whereas the number of labeled acoustic stria neurons was the same in both groups. Although the deafferented CN had 65.4% fewer labeled neurons, the proportions projecting to IC were similar in the two groups, 7.8%. Because of this significant reduction in the number of deafferented CN neurons projecting to the contralateral IC, it was concluded that the transneuronal effects of deafferentation would be to deprive or deafferent developing neurons within the higher auditory brainstem nuclei.
Doubly Bold — Replacing Print Journals with Electronic Versions

Nicholson Baker's Double Fold: Libraries and the Assault on Paper has raised public awareness of the issues of microfilm reformatting as a means of preservation.11 Nicholson Baker, Double Fold: Lib...
Applications of the Direct Method in Sequential Analysis

This paper treats the application of the direct method in sequential analysis. The theory, with new results, is reviewed. This includes sequential estimation after a sequential test. Next, general applications are given. Finally, a selected list of papers in sequential life testing using the direct method is reviewed. Actually, sequential life tests preceded the direct method, but life testing is easily treated as a special ease of the direct method. applications in maintainability theory, in medieal trials and quality control are covered.
Time- and voltage-dependent interactions of antiarrhythmic drugs with cardiac sodium channels.

Abstract The effect of local anesthetic-like antiarrhytmic drugs on the sodium current of cardiac cells is briefly reviewed. A molecular model on the action of these drugs is formulated: the drugs can interact with the sodium channels in the rested, activated and inactivated states, and each of these interactions is characterized by an association and dissociation rate constant. The inactivation curve of drug-associated channels is shifted to more negative potentials. The model can be applied to any mechanism of excitation that accurately simulates voltage and time dependency of the sodium channels. It simulates the actions of widely differing antiarrhytmic agents such as quinidine and lidocaine, at various driving rates, rythms and membrane potentials. A biophysical interpretation of the model is proposed.
Higher cohomology for abelian groups of toral automorphisms II: the partially hyperbolic case, and corrigendum

In this paper we extend the results of an earlier paper, which deal with a description of the smooth untwisted cohomology for Z k -actions by hyperbolic automorphisms of a torus, to the partially hyperbolic case. Along the way we correct an error found in one of the steps in the proof for the hyperbolic case.
Thrusting of the central California margin over the edge of the Pacific plate during the transform regime

Wide-angle seismic reflection and refraction data, mapped geologic structures, and marine magnetic anomalies provide evidence that oceanic crust underlies the coastal margin of California from Morro Bay northward beyond San Francisco. We interpret the presence of this oceanic slab to be at least partly the result of thrusting of North America over the Pacific plate during Pliocene to Quaternary time, well after the principal subduction regime ended. Likely causes of this thrusting are the change in plate motions at about 3.5 Ma and extension in the Basin and Range province.
The allure of the archives

This delight of a book is the English translation of a work first published in French as Le Gout de l'Archive in 1989, now reappearing in The Lewis Walpole Series in Eighteenth Century Culture and ...
Affinity capillary electrophoretic studies of complexation between dextrin oligomers and polyiodides.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been applied to the study of complexation between dextrins and polyiodides. A baseline separation of fluorescently labeled dextrin oligomers has provided a unique platform for the observation of a contribution of single oligomers to the complexation process that could previously be measured only in bulk. The complex formation was easily recognized through comparison of peak migration times and peak shapes in the presence and absence of polyiodides. The degree of polymerization (DP) number was found crucial in the binding process, but the I2/I− ratio in a solution also appeared to determine the nature of complexation. The effects of buffer pH and ionic strength upon complexation were also briefly investigated. Diode-array spectra in the visible wavelength range confirmed the differential complexation of unlabeled maltodextrins with different DP values after a CE iodine affinity separation. 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data on differently sized dextrin fractions were found to be in good agreement with the results from CE measurements.
Neurophysiological actions of methylphenidate in the primary somatosensory cortex.

As a catecholamine reuptake blocker, methylphenidate (MPH) enhances noradrenergic transmission and is likely to influence norepinephrine actions in sensory systems. To characterize neurophysiological actions of MPH in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, we recorded basal and whisker deflection-evoked discharge of infragranular sensory cortical neurons, before and after intraperitoneal administrations of saline and MPH (5 mg/kg) in halothane-anesthetized rats. MPH had two types of actions on sensory-evoked neuronal responses in the SI cortex, depending on the initial amplitude of the sensory response. When the whisker deflection induced a small excitatory response under control conditions, MPH significantly increased the amplitude of the response by ∼40%. When the whisker stimulation induced a large excitatory response under control conditions, MPH did not significantly alter the amplitude of the response, but significantly decreased the duration and the peak latency of the response, so that the response was more focused. These neurophysiological actions of MPH may underlie some of the beneficial effects of the drug on sensory processing and attention.Synapse 61:985–990, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sixth-order many-body perturbation theory for molecular calculations

Abstract By efficiently combining coupled-cluster iterations with the 2 n + 1 rule of perturbation theory, we report full sixth-order MBPT. All terms are evaluated with a Hartree-Fock reference and the Moller-Plesset separation of the Hamiltonian and less than an n 9 p rocedure. The total correction corresponds to 28300 antisymmetrized MBPT diagrams separated into 11 components. The approach is applied to several small molecules at various geometries to investigate the importance of the higher order corrections with respect to the quality of the reference function.
Use of a simple clinical score to predict prognosis of patients with normal or mildly abnormal resting electrocardiographic findings undergoing evaluation for coronary artery disease.

Objective To determine whether a simple clinical score, which was shown previously to predict the likelihood of severe coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients referred for coronary angiography, could predict prognosis in a separate cohort of patients with normal or mildly abnormal findings on their resting electrocardiogram (ECG) who were undergoing noninvasive evaluation for possible CAD. Patients and Methods The study group included 2255 symptomatic patients with normal (n=1466) or mildly abnormal (nonspecific ST-T-wave abnormalities; n=789) findings on their resting ECG who were referred for exercise thallium testing between 1989 and 1991. Follow-up was 94% complete at a mean ± SD duration of 6.9±1.5 years. The clinical score, which ranged from 0 (lowest risk) to 10 (highest risk), was calculated by awarding 1 point each for male sex, history of myocardial infarction, typical angina, diabetes mellitus, insulin use, and each decade of age older than 40 years. Results In each ECG group, the clinical score was a significant predictor of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or late revascularization, considered individually or combined, unadjusted or with adjustment for age. Most patients had a score lower than 5; these patients had an excellent 5-year cardiac survival rate (99.7% for the normal ECG findings group and 98.8% for the ST-T-wave abnormalities group). The small subset of patients with a score higher than 5 had a much lower 5-year survival rate (92.3% for the 8% of patients with normal ECG findings and 86.6% for the 14% of patients with ST-T-wave abnormalities). For patients with a score of 5, the 5-year survival rate was 97.7% for the normal ECG findings group and 95.9% for the ST-T-wave abnormalities group. Conclusion In symptomatic patients with known or suspected CAD and normal or mildly abnormal resting ECG findings, this simple, easily computed clinical score is a useful and valid tool to help determine prognosis.
A comparison of monovalent cation stimulation of two mammalian formyltetrahydrofolate synthetases

1. 1. Monovalent cation stimulation of bovine kidney and mouse P815Y cell formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity was found to be widely different (7.5- and 18-fold, respectively). 2. 2. The stimulation was due in both cases, to a lowering of the Km for at least two substrates, formate and tetrahydrofolate. 3. 3. The apparent KD for cations followed the order NH4+ < Rb+ < Cs+ < K+ ⪡ Na+ < Li+ and correlates to the ionic radius. 4. 4. In contrast to the clostridial enzyme, mammalian synthetase activities were not stabilized by monovalent cations. 5. 5. Anions stabilize the activity; the order of anion effectiveness follows the Hofmeister series. 6. 6. Limited data on rat synthetase is presented.
Phosphorylation Coupled to the Transfer of Electrons from Glutathione to Cytochrome c

Formation of adenosine diphosphate from adenosine monophosphate and inorganic phosphate can be coupled to the oxidation of reduced glutathione by cytochrome c in a reaction which requires oxidized glutathione as a catalyst. The reaction occurs with purified materials in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer and may represent the type reaction for one or more oxidative phosphorylations.
A reconstituted Na++K+ pump in liposomes containing purified (Na++K+-ATPase from kidney medulla

Abstract Liposomes containing either purified or microsomal (Na+,K+)-ATPase preparations from lamb kidney medulla catalyzed ATP-dependent transport of Na+ and K+ with a ratio of approximately 3Na+ to 2K+, which was inhibited by ouabain. Similar results were obtained with liposomes containing a partially purified (Na+,K+-ATPase from cardiac muscle. This contrasts with an earlier report by Goldin and Tong (J. Biol. Chem. 249, 5907–5915, 1974), in which liposomes containing purified dog kidney (Na+,K+)-ATPase did not transport K+ but catalyzed ATP-dependent symport of Na+ and Cl−. When purified by our procedure, dog kidney (Na+,K+)-ATPase showed some ability to transport K+ but the ratio of Na+ : K+ was 5 : 1.
Effects of short-term brachial arterial vasodilator infusions on forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine.

Abstract Because short-term administration of both nitro-prusside and isoproterenol caused a similar augmentation of the FBF response to ACH, we believe that a transient increase in shear stress alone may “condition” the endothelium and improve its response to endothelium-dependent vasodilator stimuli.
A continuous deep western boundary current between Abaco (26.5°N) and Barbados (13°N)

Abstract Chlorofluoromethane (F-11) and hydrographic data show that the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) in the North Atlantic Ocean is a continuous feature of the mean circulation between Abaco (26.5°N) and Barbados (13°N). Two cores of high F-11 concentrations are coincident with the DWBC. The deep core located between 3200 and 4600 m transports North Atlantic Deep Water. The shallow core at 1000–1700 m and warmer than 4.1°θ transports recently formed Subpolar Mode Water. This water probably formed sometime during the 1960s and 1970s when there was reduced convection in the Labrador Sea. Classical LSW with a potential temperature of about 3.3°θ, which is found between 2000 and 3000 m, has a minimum in F-11 concentration because it has not been ventilated recently. A representative geostrophic transport for the DWBC below 1000 m is 8 × 106 m3 s−1.
Adaptation Hiding Modularity for Self-Adaptive Systems

Growth in the complexity of computing systems, in the dynamism of the environments they operate in, and the need for timely adaptations as conditions change, now pose significant challenges for manual systems management and reconfiguration. There is thus increasing interest in systems that sense relevant conditions and adapt automatically as they change. A problem the author observed in designing such systems is that we lack principles and methods to guide their design. The author's thesis is that the modern notion of information hiding as a guide to modularization of software artifacts and design processes can be re-interpreted to provide a guide for organizing runtime structures and adaptation dynamics in self-adaptive systems. The author argues that such an approach is important to achieving a number of key system properties, including scalability, analyzability, and efficiency. The author also plans to develop and evaluate his approach through a combination of case studies in a collaboration on self-adapting wireless sensor networks, by application to small, representative examples, and by arguments from first principles.
Phytochrome Levels Assayed by in vivo Spectrophotometry in Modified Underground Stems and Storage Roots

In vivo spectrophotometric assays were conducted with sections of plant material cut from modified stems and storage roots. Phytochrome levels are highest in sections associated with growth such as buds and cambial regions. Interior tissues of tubers and the scale leaves of bulbs which are storage tissue contain low or no detectable phytochrome. However, in the storage root of Pastinaca saliva L. phytochrome is distributed in both the phloem and central regions, though it is highest in the cambial region. Total phytochrome in Gladiolus corm buds exposed to 5 minutes of red light followed by approximately 24 hours of darkness decreases more than 60 per cent. This rapid loss of detectable phytochrome in Gladiolus corm buds resembles phytochrome destruction in etiolated seedlings.
Modes in chirowaveguides

We introduce here a new class of waveguides, chirowaveguides, which exhibit some novel and unique properties owing to electromagnetic chirality. These waveguides consist of cylindrical waveguides containing chiral, or optically active, materials. Owing to the optical activity of the material inside the waveguide, several unique and novel features are associated with this type of guided-wave structure. It is shown that these waveguides cannot support individual TE, TM, or TEM modes and that they exhibit mode bifurcation in hybrid modes. As an illustrative example the parallel-plate chirowaveguide is analyzed, and the corresponding dispersion relations and Brillouin diagrams are obtained. Some of the novel applications of chirowaveguides to integrated-optical devices and optical communications systems are presented.
Industrial Land Use, Externalities, and Residential Location

Studies using individual housing units as the observation base have not supported the hypothesis that certain nonresidential land uses have a negative impact on housing values. Basically, externali...
Deep Tissue Photoacoustic Imaging Using a Miniaturized 2-D Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Array

In this paper, we demonstrate 3-D photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of light absorbing objects embedded as deep as 5 cm inside strong optically scattering phantoms using a miniaturized (4 mm × 4 mm × 500 μm), 2-D capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array of 16 × 16 elements with a center frequency of 5.5 MHz. Two-dimensional tomographic images and 3-D volumetric images of the objects placed at different depths are presented. In addition, we studied the sensitivity of CMUT-based PAI to the concentration of indocyanine green dye at 5 cm depth inside the phantom. Under optimized experimental conditions, the objects at 5 cm depth can be imaged with SNR of about 35 dB and a spatial resolution of approximately 500 μm. Results demonstrate that CMUTs with integrated front-end amplifier circuits are an attractive choice for achieving relatively high depth sensitivity for PAI.
The long range beam-beam interaction at CESR-experiments, simulation and phenomenology

A direct route to higher luminosity at colliding beam storage rings is to increase the average beam current by increasing the number of bunches in each beam. However, as the number of bunches increases, so does the number of crossing points where bunches from opposing beams may interact destructively. The most obvious result of these long range interactions, (often seen at CESR), is poor beam lifetime. An increasingly important issue is then how to determine the minimum separation required for adequate lifetime. We have conducted fairly extensive experiments at CESR to measure the minimum separation using a variety of different optics, crossing points, beam currents, and energies. >
LEADING AMERICAN STATISTICIANS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY II

Abstract This paper explores the statistical contributions of six leading American statisticians of the nineteenth century. They are George Tucker (1775–1861), Edward Deering Mansfield (1801–1880), Joseph Camp Griffith Kennedy (1813–1887), Charles Williams Seaton (1831–1885), Robert Percival Porter (1852–1917), and Roland Post Falkner (1866–1940).
Should busulfan now be part of the standard treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia

2014 Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in nonelderly patients has followed the same paradigm of remission induction with cytarabine and anthracycline with or without a third cytotoxic drug for more than 40 years. These drugs produce complete remissions in the majority of patients, but cure requires intensive postremission treatment. Postremission therapies have also remained similar for many years, but better criteria for selection of postremission treatment for individual patients has improved results. Cytogenetic analysis and molecular markers predict risk of relapse more accurately than previously used factors. Patients at low risk of relapse, including those with core binding factor abnormalities and those with normal cytogenetics and an NPM-1 mutation without FLT3 mutations, are generally best treated with multiple doses of high-dose cytarabine as postremission therapy. Most other patients who have good performance status, minimal comorbidities and a well-matched sibling or unrelated donor, have better long-term survival with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) [1]. There is no doubt as to the potent antileukemic efficacy of HCT. This effectiveness, however, comes at the cost of significantly more nonrelapse mortality (NRM) compared with cytarabine. Thomas and colleagues employed a myeloablative regimen of cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (Cy/TBI) as the preparative regimen for the first successful HCTs in relapsed and refractory acute leukemia. Subsequent patients with AML who underwent transplantation in first remission experienced sustained leukemia-free survival rates in excess of 50% [2]. A few years later, Santos et al. demonstrated the feasibility of a chemotherapy-only preparative regimen of busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BuCy). In a small group of patients with AML in first complete remission (CR1) treated with BuCy and sibling bone marrow grafts, no relapses occurred and the estimated 2-year survival was 44% [3]. This established BuCy as an alternative to Cy/TBI. This was of particular importance because TBI is not universally available, particularly in developing countries. Owing to the high NRM of the original BuCy study, the Cy dose was modified from 200 mg/kg over 4 days to 120 mg/kg over 2 days (BuCy2) in most subsequent studies and the modification appeared to decrease toxicity [4].
On information rates of single-track and multi-track magnetic recording channels with intertrack interference

We compute the achievable information rates for multi-track magnetic recording channels under the binary i.i.d. input constraint using a method based on Monte-Carlo simulations.
The Cytoskeletal Mechanisms of Cell-Cell Junction Formation in Endothelial Cells

The actin cytoskeleton and associated proteins play a vital role in cell-cell adhesion. However, the procedure by which cells establish adherens junctions remains unclear. We investigated the dynamics of cell-cell junction formation and the corresponding architecture of the underlying cytoskeleton in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We show that the initial interaction between cells is mediated by protruding lamellipodia. On their retraction, cells maintain contact through thin bridges formed by filopodia-like protrusions connected by VE-cadherin-rich junctions. Bridges share multiple features with conventional filopodia, such as an internal actin bundle associated with fascin along the length and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein at the tip. It is striking that, unlike conventional filopodia, transformation of actin organization from the lamellipodial network to filopodial bundle during bridge formation occurs in a proximal-to-distal direction and is accompanied by recruitment of fascin in the same direction. Subsequently, bridge bundles recruit nonmuscle myosin II and mature into stress fibers. Myosin II activity is important for bridge formation and accumulation of VE-cadherin in nascent adherens junctions. Our data reveal a mechanism of cell-cell junction formation in endothelial cells using lamellipodia as the initial protrusive contact, subsequently transforming into filopodia-like bridges connected through adherens junctions. Moreover, a novel lamellipodia-to-filopodia transition is used in this context.
Histotripsy Focal Ablation of Implanted Prostate Tumor in an ACE-1 Canine Cancer Model

Purpose: Histotripsy is a nonthermal ablative focused ultrasound technology with possible future applications for prostate cancer focal therapy. We used the ACE-1 prostate tumor model and evaluated the feasibility of treating prostate tumors with histotripsy.Materials and Methods: A total of 10 immunosuppressed (cyclosporine treated) canine subjects received transrectal ultrasound guided percutaneous intraprostatic injection of ACE-1 canine prostate cancer cells. Prostates were serially imaged with transrectal ultrasound to monitor tumor growth. Subjects were sham treated (3) or underwent transabdominal histotripsy of the prostate, which targeted implanted tumor and adjacent parenchyma using a 750 kHz piezoelectric ultrasound therapy transducer. Prostates were examined histologically to confirm tumor and the histotripsy treatment effect.Results: ACE-1 tumors were visualized on transrectal ultrasound in all 10 subjects within 2 weeks of tumor injection. Lesions demonstrated growth in the prostatic capsule,...