cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by 10-fold from alkaline pretreatment liquor with an oxidative enzyme-mediator-surfactant system under Plackett-Burman and central composite designs

Abstract In this study, Plackett-Burman and central composite designs were applied to improve polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from alkaline pretreatment liquor (APL) by Cupriavidus necator DSM 545 using a supplement system consisting of oxidative enzymes (laccase, aryl alcohol oxidase (AAO)), mediators (ABTS, HOBT), DMSO, silica nanoparticle Aerosol R816 and surfactant Tween 80. First, screening experiments under Plackett-Burman design showed R816, ABTS and Tween 80 could significantly enhance PHB production. Additional experiments showed that HOBT and DMSO could be removed, and laccase and AAO were needed to remain in the system. Second, a central composite design was applied to obtain the optimum supplemental levels of R816, ABTS and Tween 80. Under optimum conditions, theoretical maximum PHB production (1.9 g/L) was close to experimental PHB production (2.1 g/L). With the supplement system, a 10-fold increase was achieved compared to PHB production (0.2 g/L) without any supplements.
The Music of the Trees: The Blued Trees Symphony and Opera as Environmental Research and Legal Activism

The Blued Trees project is a transdisciplinary thought experiment, physically manifested across miles of the North American continent. It melds ideas about music, acoustics, art and environmental p...
Structural Barriers to Citizenship: A Mental Health Provider Perspective.

This study employed a citizenship measure to explore mental health providers’ views of citizenship to support the societal participation of people with mental illnesses, with citizenship defined as a person’s (or people’s) strong connection to the 5Rs of rights, responsibilities, roles, resources and relationships and a sense of belonging that is validated by others. Providers identified key structural barriers to full citizenship for clients. Their comments reflect openness to citizenship as a framework for understanding their clients and the need for greater access to normative community life, but also skepticism regarding providers’ and public mental health centers’ abilities to incorporate citizenship approaches in current care models. Findings suggest there are challenges to implementing “citizenship-oriented care” in public mental health settings, but efforts to address these challenges can support the goal of “a life in the community.”
Blockade of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 suppresses high glucose-induced angiotensinogen augmentation in renal proximal tubular cells

Renal proximal tubular angiotensinogen (AGT) is increased by hyperglycemia (HG) in diabetes mellitus, which augments intrarenal angiotensin II formation, contributing to the development of hyperten...
Epidemiology of mesothelioma in the 21 st century in Europe and the United States, 40 years after restricted/banned asbestos use

Research has established a strong association between asbestos exposure and malignant mesothelioma, a deadly form of cancer. Since the early 1980’s many countries have restricted or banned the production of asbestos, leading to a decline of occupational asbestos exposure in many industrialized countries. However, some countries continue to use asbestos, and worldwide rates of mesothelioma are still increasing. Because of the long latency between exposure and mesothelioma occurrence and the persistence of environmental exposure, incidence rates (IR) may decrease very slowly for several years ahead. In this review, we examine estimates of asbestos consumption before widespread asbestos regulations and the trends in incidence and mortality rates, as well as changes over time for the United States and Europe. In some countries with earlier asbestos restrictions, mesothelioma incidence has been in a modest decline over time. However, asbestos exposure is still a burden worldwide and legislative action is needed to obtain a full ban. The pattern of mesothelioma is shifting from a mostly male disease to a disease that affects females as well in substantial numbers. Studies on unknown sources of asbestos exposure, of other sources of natural exposure to asbestos and asbestos-like fibers, as well as of individual genetic susceptibility to asbestos fibers are needed.
Thickness-Lamé Thin-Film Piezoelectric-on-Silicon Resonators

In this paper, Thickness-Lame (TL) mode piezoelectrically-transduced silicon resonators are studied and demonstrated. It will be shown that unlike Planar-Lame resonance modes, Thickness-Lame modes could be efficiently excited using sputtered polycrystalline piezoelectric films such as Scandium Aluminum Nitride (ScAlN) due to the constructive contribution of both $d_{31}$ and $d_{33}$ piezoelectric coefficients in the coupling coefficient. Moreover, it is shown through finite element analysis and experimental results that the coupling coefficient improves with the order of the TL harmonic mode excited in a silicon slab. It is also confirmed that the quality-factor of TL resonators substantially enhances through utilization of properly-designed acoustic reflectors (i.e. acoustic isolation frames) around the tethered resonator block. The temperature coefficient of frequency is also modeled using finite-element eigen-frequency analysis. It is shown that the turnover temperature of TL resonators aligned to the [100] plane of a degenerately-doped n-type silicon substrate varies considerably as the mode shape transitions from a Thickness-Lame to a Lateral-Extensional mode with the gradual increase of wavelength to thickness ratio. A record $Q$ of 23.2k is measured for a $\sim 185$ MHz fundamental TL resonator in vacuum ( $fxQ=4.3\times 10^{12}$ ) while quality factors of 12.6k ( $fxQ=4.6\times 10^{12}$ ) and 6k are also measured in vacuum for second- and third-harmonic TL resonators at 326 MHz and 555 MHz respectively. The combination of high turnover temperatures (>80 °C), high quality factor, and low motional resistance, promises the suitability of such resonators for extremely-stable oven-controlled oscillator applications.
8 – Testicular disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on testicular disorders. The testis of reproductive man serves two functions: (1) spermatogenesis and (2) the formation and secretion of androgens. The latter are essential for spermatogenesis and for the functioning of the secretory epithelium; hormone production is independent of sperm production. Testicular function is under the control of the pituitary gonadotrophins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone. Disturbance of testicular function may be considered clinically under three headings: (1) infertility, (2) hypogonadism, and (3) precocious puberty. Infertility is usually caused by disturbances in semen production, impotence, abnormalities in the partner, poor sexual technique, and only rarely by androgen deficiency. Plasma testosterone concentration is normal in patients with primary disorders of the seminiferous tubules and decreased in patients with hypothalamic–pituitary disorders. The clinical features of testicular disease with androgen deficiency, caused by failure of the interstitial cells, depend on the age of the patient. In the child, the presentation is either a delay in the onset of puberty or the development of eunuchoidal features. In an adult, the presentation is initially that of a reduction in libido and potency followed after a variable time by regression of secondary sexual characteristics. The diagnostic biochemical findings are a low plasma testosterone with a failure of response in an HCG stimulation test. The clinical features of precocious puberty may appear early in life with, in males, penile growth, development of pubic hair, rapid muscular and skeletal development and premature fusion of epiphyses leading ultimately to a reduction in height. In the pseudo state, normal testicular development does not take place and spermatogenesis is absent. In pseudo-precocious puberty the pituitary gonadotrophins are either normal or decreased while plasma testosterone is increased.
Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction

Summary While the role of nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and infarction has been shown, they are not complete therapies. They must be instituted early, often before ischemic episodes, and they cannot completely control injury to cells already damaged or those injured by reperfusion. Future therapies involving metabolic substrate manipulation, prostaglandins, or free radical scavengers need to be further investigated.
Redes Sociales Y Unas Innovaciones En La Comunicación Global

Ning es una herramienta util para formar redes sociales entre estudiantes: tanto los estudiantes de espanol como segundo idioma como hispanohablantes que quieren conectarse con ellos. Ning ofrece una multiplicidad de componentes para lograr la formacion de una red social. Ning es facil de usar y se puede implementar con poco entrenamiento porque nuestros estudiantes ya usan otras redes sociales como MySpace y Facebook.
Binding kinetics of liposome conjugated E-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 measured with atomic force microscopy.

Abstract Various ligand-functionalized liposomes have been developed for targeted therapies. Typically, the binding properties of the ligands and targeted proteins are measured with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), where the proteins are immobilized on a rigid surface. However, the difference of protein-ligand binding kinetics between liposome-conjugated protein and rigid surface-conjugated protein is not fully understood. In this work, the binding kinetics of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and E-selectin conjugated on liposome and on rigid surfaces are investigated with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results suggest that protein orientation and diffusion on liposomal membrane can alter the binding kinetics of the protein-ligand interaction. Specifically, the association and dissociation rate constant of AFM probe-conjugated E-selectin and glass-conjugated PSGL-1 are measured as 9.32 × 104 M−1s−1 and 1.54 s−1, respectively. While for the liposome-conjugated E-selectin and glass-conjugated PSGL-1, the kinetic constants are measured as 5.00 × 107 M−1s-1 and 2.76 s−1, respectively. Thus, there is an order’s magnitude increase of binding affinity (from kd = 16.51 μM to kd = 0.06 μM) when protein is attached to liposome compared to attached to a rigid surface. The results might provide better understanding and pave the way for the future design of the ligand-targeted liposomes.
Bladder Necrosis at Time of Presentation with Ulcerative Colitis in an 8-year-old Female: a Case Report.

A case of bladder necrosis in an 8-year-old female at time of presentation of ulcerative colitis (UC) is presented. A case of bladder necrosis in a pediatric patient outside of the neonatal period has not been reported. The patient presented with abdominal pain, bloody stools, hematuria, and acute renal failure. She was acutely management with bilateral nephrostomy tube placement. Bladder and colon biopsies revealed diagnosis of UC and bladder necrosis. The UC was medically managed. The bladder did not regenerate after several months of observation and ileal conduit urinary diversion was performed. A right proximal ureteral stricture was managed by pyeloplasty at time of ileal conduit. The patient is doing well over 1 year after surgery.
Disjunction And Alternativeness

L'A. analyse l'interpretation des disjonctions dans la conversation en termes de condition de lien et de condition de distinction. L'objectif de ce travail est de decouvrir quelles sont les sources de ces deux conditions pragmatiques en postulant qu'elles peuvent etre directement derivees des principes conversationnels de Grice en interaction avec les conditions de verite du connecteur disjonctif anglais 'or'
Bayesian image reconstruction for NMR chemical shift imaging

An novel iterative technique for reducing the ringing artifacts in chemical shift images due to the truncation of the high spatial frequency is presented. In this approach, one extrapolates the high spatial frequency data guided by the edge information obtained from a high-resolution anatomic image of the region of interest. The errors in the edge information are taken into account by assuming a confidence interval of several pixels around the anatomic edges. The algorithm is validated on simulated and in vivo data, and excellent results are obtained. >
Incommensurability, Welfare, Economics, and the Law

In the philosophical literature on values and practical reason, a debate has arisen over the thesis that certain goods or values are incommensurable.' This raises an obvious question for legal scholars: Would this thesis, if true, have implications for the law? Several authors have claimed that it would, by challenging various economic justifications for legal decisions.2 One purpose of this Article is to argue against that claim. To make this argument, though, a good deal of clarifying work is required. Economic arguments can be criticized on many different grounds, but each criticism rests on a slightly different footing, and many have little to do with incommensurability. Thus, a second purpose of this Article-and perhaps the more important one-is to try to clarify the various arguments. The need for clarification stems partly from the differing aims of philosophers and economists. Some of the philosophical writings on
Undergraduate course centered on animal cell culture (618.31)

Integration of biochemistry and molecular biology (BMB) concepts and principles into the curriculum of a laboratory-based capstone course is an integral component of our experiential undergraduate ...
The Role of Interface Shape on the Impact Characteristics and Cranial Fracture Patterns Using the Immature Porcine Head Model

The forensic literature suggests that when adolescents fall onto edged and pointed surfaces, depressed fractures can occur at low energy levels. This study documents impact biomechanics and fracture characteristics of infant porcine skulls dropped onto flat, curved, edged, and focal surfaces. Results showed that the energy needed for fracture initiation was nearly four times higher against a flat surface than against the other surfaces. While characteristic measures of fracture such as number and length of fractures did not vary with impact surface shape, the fracture patterns did depend on impact surface shape. While experimental impacts against the flat surface produced linear fractures initiating at sutural boundaries peripheral to the point of impact (POI), more focal impacts produced depressed fractures initiating at the POI. The study supported case-based forensic literature suggesting cranial fracture patterns depend on impact surface shape and that fracture initiation energy is lower for more focal impacts.
Design Considerations for Spatially Reconfigurable Metamaterials

Spatial tuning of a volumetric metamaterial introduces many new design considerations that strongly affect the performance and practicality of a resulting system implementation. This paper discusses the design rules and procedures for spatially reconfigurable metamaterial systems using a tunable near-zero-index slab with adjustable shape as a representative design example. We propose a split-ring resonator-based metamaterial, where each resonator is tuned in and out of resonance using a varactor diode to change the effective material response. The periodic, hexagonal tiles may be combined and connected in a planar spiral to form a cylindrical metamaterial panel whose radius may be arbitrarily large. Multiple panels are then stacked, with appropriate cropping, to form a volumetric metamaterial slab.
Throughput optimization in MIMO mesh networks

Enabling routers in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) with MIMO capability boosts throughput by allowing for spatial multiplexing(SM), interference cancellation(IC) and spatial diversity. Antenna elements can be divided arbitrarily in accordance with the diversity-multiplexing-interference suppression trade-off. To the best of our knowledge, we were the first to fully account for this three way trade-off in designing and modeling practical stream allocation algorithms over arbitrary MIMO mesh networks[1]. We did this by addressing the problem of verifying the feasibility of a given stream allocation over the network and developing efficient and accurate feasibility tests that enable us to develop our near-optimal stream allocation algorithms. Existing MIMO stream allocation/link scheduling algorithms operate by iteratively checking for feasibility. While this is tractable in non-MIMO systems, it becomes computationally hard in the MIMO case. In building, scalable and accurate allocation algorithm(s) which can be used as a building block(s) by existing link scheduling algorithms, our contribution[1] is unique. In this work, we propose improvements upon the scalability and accuracy of our stream allocation heuristics and demonstrate results for certain network scenarios. Further, we propose a plan to implement a software defined radio(SDR) based test bed to prototype a MIMO mesh network. Very little is known about the behavior of MIMO link rates when part of the link's resources are used for IC. Toward this end, we specify the experimental set-ups that we will use to characterize MIMO link behavior at the physical layer level and to develop important practical insights into the network-wide optimization.
Connected customer lifetime value: The impact of social media

In this paper, we extend the general definition of Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) to include the value of influence associated with a consumer's network or connections. We introduce Connected Customer Lifetime Value (CCLV) as the present value of the net contribution associated with purchases made by a customer, plus the present value of the net contribution made by other customers due to the influence of that customer. We highlight social media engagement as an important process associated with that influence, and propose Customer Social Media Value (CSMV) to represent the value derived through said media engagement. Examples to illustrate CSMV and CCLV are provided.
Subband coding and image compression using CNN

The cellular neural network paradigm has found many applications in image processing. However, algorithms for image compression using CNN have scarcely been explored. CNN programmability is based on a new algorithmic style based on the spatio-temporal properties of the array. By exploiting the massive parallelism provided by CNN and the convolutional key basic instruction, a fast and efficient compression process can be achieved. This paper presents new templates and low-complexity algorithms to perform both the linear and non-linear operations needed for image compression. In this work, we have addressed all the transformation steps needed in image compression, i.e. decorrelation, bit allocation, quantization and bit extraction. From all possible compression techniques the wavelet subband coding was chosen because it is considered one of the most successful techniques for lossy compression. It allows a high compression ratio while preserving the image quality. All these advantages are implemented in the algorithms hereby presented.
Trace metal concentration in durum wheat from application of sewage sludge and commercial fertilizer

Abstract Repetitive application of commercial fertilizer continually introduces potentially toxic trace metals to the soil. Such metallic elements are not biodegradable, accumulate in the soil, and are subsequently taken up by food crops. Sewage sludge, often disposed of in landfills, contains high nutrient and organic contents and is now being recycled and beneficially applied to agricultural land worldwide in increasing amounts. Metals in sewage sludge are generally organically bound and generally less available for plant uptake than the more mobile metal salt impurities found in commercial fertilizers. The purpose of this project was to determine the regions of metal accumulation within the wheat plant and to compare metal uptake by plants receiving a high metal load through the application of contaminated sewage sludge with that by plants receiving a commercial fertilizer and a metal-free control. Results of this research indicate that despite the high metal load received by the sludge-applied replicates, metal concentrations in those plants were similar to the concentrations resulting from application of the commercial fertilizer and the metal-free nitrogen control. Little or no change in metal concentration was seen between plants grown with fertilizer addition in comparison to the control plants.
A compact local one‐dimensional scheme for solving a 3D N‐carrier system with Neumann boundary conditions

We consider a mathematical model for thermal analysis in a 3D N-carrier system with Neumann boundary conditions, which extends the concept of the well-known parabolic two-step model for micro heat transfer. To solve numerically the complex system, we first reduce 3D equations in the model to a succession of 1D equations by using the local one-dimensional (LOD) method. The obtained 1D equations are then solved using a fourth-order compact finite difference scheme for the interior points and a second-order combined compact finite difference scheme for the points next to the boundary, so that the Neumann boundary condition can be applied directly without discretizing. By using matrix analysis, the compact LOD scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable. The accuracy of the solution is tested using two numerical examples. Results show that the solutions obtained by the compact LOD finite difference scheme are more accurate than those obtained by a Crank-Nicholson LOD scheme, and the convergence rate with respect to spatial variables is about 2.6. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Animal companions, consumption experiences, and the marketing of pets: Transcending boundaries in the animal–human distinction

Abstract This introduction lays the groundwork for a special issue of the Journal of Business Research devoted to “Animal Companions, Consumption Experiences, and the Marketing of Pets.” After some preliminary comments on the relevant background, the editors develop a conceptual scheme – based on a typology of consumer value – for organizing the contributions appearing in the special issue. They explain the assignment of various contributions to various value-related categories in order to account for the structure and meanings of the perspectives that emerge.
Almost certain escape from a black hole

You wake up in a hospital bed feeling a little groggy but otherwise okay. All your bits and pieces seem to be present, but you have no idea why you are there. The last thing you remember was waking up in the morning in your own bed at home and looking out of your window to find nothing but a black void. To your dismay, you realized that overnight your house had been swallowed by a black hole – an object so dense that not even light can escape from it. You remember saying to your-self "uh oh" as you looked up to find that you were plunging directly towards the singularity at the centre of the hole, where the density of matter and energy become infinite and all known laws of physics break down. Then you remember beginning to feel queasy as the tidal forces induced by the intense gravitational field of the hole began to tear you apart.
A characterization of multilinear systems

A multilinear system with r input lines may be realized as an r -layer network, with the j th layer containing one linear system for each j -element subset of {1,...,r} with any machine receiving inputs from those machines, and those system inputs corresponding to subsets of its own subset.
Monitoring intraoperative effectiveness of caudal analgesia through skin temperature variation

Abstract Background/Purpose: A reliable noninvasive intraoperative marker of caudal analgesia effectiveness remains elusive. Caudal analgesia causes sympathetic inhibition resulting in vasodilatation, increased blood flow, and a resultant increase in temperature in the affected dermatomes. The authors hypothesize that this change in temperature between the affected and unaffected dermatomes is measurable and may represent a noninvasive method of monitoring effectiveness of caudal analgesia. Methods: Children undergoing lower abdominal surgery participated in the caudal or noncaudal (control) analgesia arm of the study. After induction of general anesthesia, 0.25% bupivicaine (1 mL/kg) was infiltrated for a field block in control patients or a caudal block in the experimental group. Temperature was measured at the C4 and L2 dermatomes starting after induction and 5 minutes before the caudal or field block and every 5 minutes after. T o is defined as the difference between the C4 and L2. Delta T (ΔT) is the temperature variation between T o . A change in the ΔT is defined by an increase in the L2 temperature. Results: Forty-six families enrolled (36 experimental, 10 control). The ΔT for controls was 0.2+/−0.09 °C (SEM). Each child in the experimental group had 2 temperature measurements before the caudal with an average ΔT of 0.3+/−0.07°C (SEM), thus, were internal controls. A marked increase in ΔT at 5 minutes 0.5+/−0.06°C (SEM) and at 10 minutes 0.6+/−0.07°C (SEM; P Conclusion: A significant transient change in temperature is observed after caudal analgesia and maybe a noninvasive marker of effectiveness. Further study may clarify its clinical utility. J Pediatr Surg 38:386-389. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Interactions between surface-active species in evanescent foams

Abstract Hydrodynamic analysis of the thinning of multicomponent foam films shows that foam lifetime should correlate with an effective nondimensional surface elasticity parameter which can generally be computed as the sum of elasticity parameters computed for each component in the presence of the others. This elasticity depends on the surface activity of each species as well as on the bulk and surface diffusivities. Foam lifetime data obtained for three ternary systems show a good agreement with the trends predicted by the analysis.
Packing-induced brittleness in polyimide- and aluminum-clad fused-silica capillaries

A variety of fused-silica LC microcolumns have been packed in our laboratory. Some columns became very brittle and essentially impossible to handle without breaking. In some cases, one portion of a packed column would remain flexible while another section would be brittle. In this report the origin and cause of brittleness in polyimide- and aluminum-clad fused-silica packed capillaries is examined.
Mouse histamine N-methyltransferase: cDNA cloning, expression, gene cloning and chromosomal localization.

Objective: Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) catalyzes the Nτ-methylation of histamine. We set out to clone a mouse liver HNMT cDNA and the mouse HNMT gene as steps toward characterizing molecular genetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of this important histamine-metabolizing enzyme.¶Design: A PCR-based strategy was used to clone both the mouse HNMT cDNA and the gene encoding that cDNA, Hnmt. The cDNA was used both to express recombinant mouse HNMT and to determine the chromosomal localization of Hnmt.¶Results: The mouse liver HNMT cDNA was 1657 bp in length with an 888 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encoded a 296 amino acid protein with a predicted Mr value of approximately 32.5 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the encoded protein was 84 % identical to that of human kidney Hnmt. Mouse HNMT was expressed in COS-1 cells, and its apparent K m values for histamine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (Ado-Met), the two cosubstrates for the reaction, were 5.3 and 5.8 μM, respectively. The mouse HNMT gene, Hnmt, spanned approximately 25 kb and had 7 exons. Its structure differed from that of the human gene primarily by the presence of an additional exon at the 5′-terminus. Hnmt mapped to mouse chromosome 2 in an area of conserved synteny to human chromosome 2q, the location of the human gene (2q22) on the basis of fluorescence in situ hybridization.¶Conclusions: Cloning and functional characterization of the mouse HNMT cDNA and gene will now make it possible to study in the mouse molecular genetic mechanisms involved the regulation of this important histamine-metabolizing enzyme.
The Organization of Hacienda Labor during the Mexican Revolution: Evidence from Yucatán

Beginning in 1914, Yucatecan revolutionary governors promulgated a series of decrees that liberated and regulated labor on henequen haciendas. The first of these decrees banned debt peonage, immediately weakening the pre-revolutionary labor regime, which was based on a mixture of paternalism and coercion. Using census and hacienda data, we show how hacendados and workers adapted to institutional changes and market shocks, allowing output and investment to increase after the Revolution. While there was considerable continuity in the methods of contracting before and after the Revolution, market participants exhibited agility in shifting among multiple contractual forms. Al comienzo de 1914, los gobernantes revolucionarios yucatecos promulgaron una serie de decretos que liberaban y regulaban la mano de obra en las haciendas de henequen. Los primeros de estos decretos prohibian la deuda de los peones, lo que debilitaba inmediatamente el regimen de trabajo prerevolucionario, basado en una mezcla de paternalismo y coercion. Mediante el uso de censos e informacion sobre las haciendas, mostramos como los hacendados y los trabajadores se adaptaron a los cambios institucionales y a los golpes del mercado, y como permitieron el incremento de la produccion y la inversion tras la revolucion. Aunque hubo una continuidad considerable en los metodos de contratacion antes del movimiento armado, los participantes en el mercado mostraron agilidad para trasladarse entre multiples formas contractuales.
A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Family Therapy

Although cognitive behavioral spectrum approaches with individual children are plentiful and demonstrate effectiveness, cognitive behaviorally oriented clinicians are frequently left to their own devices when it comes to treating families. Cognitive behavioral family therapy is a relatively recent development and there are precious few reports of its clinical use. This article presents a conceptual foundation and clinical rubrics for the practice of cognitive behavioral family therapy. Basic theoretical background information is presented and places the therapeutic processes and procedures in a proper context. Session structure in cognitive behavioral therapy is illustrated and the way it propels therapeutic momentum and adds focus to each session is explained. Rudimentary processes of self-monitoring, self-instruction, rational analysis, and behavioral enactment are described and augmented with case material. Finally, the conclusion offers directions for further theory building, research, and clinical practice.
Innovative System Architecture for Spatial Volumetric Acoustic Seeing

ABSTRACT Situational awareness is a critical issue for the moder n battle and security systems improvement of which in-creases human performance eciency. There are multip le research project and development eorts based onomni-directional (sh-eye) el ectro-optical and other frequency sensor f usion systems implementing head-mountedvisualization systems. However, the eciency of these systems is limited by the human eye-brain system percep-tion limitations. Humans are capable to naturally perceive the situations in front of them, but interpretation ofomni-directional visual scenes increases the users mental workload, increasing human fatigue and disorientationrequiring more eort for object recognition. It is especi ally important to reduce this workload making rear scenesperception intuitive in battleeld situations where a combatant can be attacked from multiple directions. Thispaper describes an experimental model of the system fu sion architecture of the Visual Acoustic Seeing (VAS)for representation spatial geometric 3 D model in form of 3 D volumetric sound. Current research in the area ofauralization points to the possibility of identifying sound direction. However, for complete spatial perceptionit is necessary to identify the direction and the distance to an object by an expression of volumetric sound,we initially assume that the distance can be encoded by the sound frequency. The chain: object features sensor 3D geometric model auralization constitutes Volumetric Acoustic Seeing (VAS). Paper describesVAS experimental research for repres enting and perceiving spatial information by means of human hearing cuesin more details.Keywords: 3D vision, geospatial technology, auralization
An accounting change and information processing changes

Abstract Additional experimental evidence is presented about information processing changes made by individuals in response to an accounting change. Subjects apparently changed their information processing in response to a nonlinearity effect, but not in response to an accounting change and additional information about the change.
Minimum package parasitics for microwave devices

As the operation of microwave devices is pushed to higher powers and frequencies, the mechanical and electrical interface between device and circuit becomes increasingly more important. Traditional wirebonding technology will be compared to alternate, more promising methods.
Exquisite Corpse 2.0: qualitative analysis of a community-based fiction project

This paper describes the outcome of a public art project exploring collaborative, community-based authorship of a work of fiction with contributions transmitted over the Twitter social network. Between July 15th, 2011 and July 17th, 71 authors, 8 invited and the rest voluntary members of the community, collaborated over Twitter, tweeting a "novel" 140 characters at a time. Dubbed "Novel Iowa City," the project was displayed to the public during the Iowa City Book Festival attended by thousands. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the product of this process, reflecting on the challenges community-based authorship imposes on the writing of fiction and suggests best practices for future collaborative fiction projects.
AC plasma display aging model and lifetime calculations

Normal and accelerated aging studies on ac plasma display panels were undertaken to develop a cell operating voltage model with an explicit dependence on peak cell current and panel gas pressure. In addition, the calculation of an ac plasma display panel mean-time-to-failure also is presented.
Multiple sclerosis. Part 2: ophthalmic issues in MS therapy.

Purpose of review This update includes topics relating to the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) for the ophthalmologist. Recent findings Despite investigation into numerous genetic and environmental factors, the cause of MS remains elusive. MS is a disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects young people and usually progresses over time, leading to disability in multiple areas, including mobility, cognition, affect and vision. It is likely that, as novel MS treatments are introduced, there will be a greater interest in tracking visual function and monitoring for visual complications. Summary Current therapies in MS include interferon, glatiramer, natalizumab and mitoxantrone. Other MS treatments are imminent, and include oral medications, monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy. Treatment of the visual symptoms in MS and the side effects of MS therapies are reviewed in this article.
Total synthesis of mirabazole B

The tetrathiazoline marine alkaloid (-)-mirabazole C (7) has been synthesized by cyclization of a diamide derivative of the tripeptide derived from (R)-2-methylcysteine
Theories of Human Crowding: A Review

Journalistic sketches, taxonomies, mathematical models, broad multivariate approaches, and modest distinctions together show a variety of possible foci and levels of approach to the topic of crowding. This review organizes crowding theory into four orientations. First, a number of seminal theories in the ethological perspective are reviewed, including Calhoun's social interaction models, Lorenz's model, Wynne-Edwards's community self-regulation theory, and Leyhausen's theory. Second, theories of temporary street crowds are discussed, including early conceptualizations and attempts to explain the crowds' formation, structure, and internal processes. Third, comprehensive equilibrium models of crowding are described, including Altman's and Stokols's models and Manderscheid's theory. Fourth, a number of diverse limited conceptualizations are reviewed, including Milgram's overload hypothesis, Esser's biosocial approach, Freedman's density–intensity theory, and Wicker's theory of overmanning. Definitional probl...
Sugar phosphorylation activity in ruminal acetogens

Acetogenic bacteria Acetitomaculum ruminis, Acetobacterium woodii, and Eubacterium limosum were compared for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glucose and 2-deoxy-glucose. Rate of phosphorylation activity was measured in toluene-treated acetogenic cells using PEP and ATP and radiolabled glucose or 2-deoxy glucose. Eubacterium limosum, most likely has a glucose phosphotransferase system (PTS). In contrast, A. ruminis, and A. woodii had PEP-dependent glucose phosphorylation rates very similar to control rates, suggesting the lack of PTS activity. These results were confirmed by PEP dependent 2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation data. The rates of ATP-dependent glucose phosphorylation were higher than PEP-dependent glucose dependent in all organisms surveyed. Only E. limosum appeared to have PTS. The presence of PTS in E. limosum could explain why it is not capable of utilizing sugars and H2/CO2 simultaneously and why acetogenesis is not as prominant in the rumen because of the availab...
Imaging of Diabetic Foot Infections

Complications from diabetic foot infections are a leading cause of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations. Nearly 85% of these amputations result from an infected foot ulcer. Osteomyelitis is present in approximately 20% of diabetic foot infections. It is imperative that clinicians make quick and successful diagnoses of diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) because a delay in treatment may lead to worsening outcomes. Imaging studies, such as plain films, bone scans, musculoskeletal ultrasound, computerized tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography scans, aid in the diagnosis. However, there are several mimickers of DFO, which present problems to making a correct diagnosis.
What geriatricians should know about the Werner syndrome.

Geriatricians want to know the extent to which inborn genetic variations influence health span and life span in their patients. Current research on this subject is largely confined to the very basic issues of identifying, mapping, and cloning relevant genes and of investigating their modes of action. Here we summarize the status of such basic research on a gene (WRN), null mutations at which cause a striking seg-mental propertied syndrome, the Werner syndrome (WS). The views of clinicians and basic scientists concerning the significance of WRN gene action for normal aging are polarized. Some regard it as the most important aging gene and refer to the syndrome explicitly as one of premature aging. Others regard WS as an entirely inappropriate model for aging because WS exhibits many clinical and cell biological discordances with normal aging. Moreover, WS has a major impact on reproductive fitness and, hence, does not escape the forces of natural selection. By contrast, senescent phenotypes of normal (usual) aging can be defined as those that do escape the forces of natural selection. We here give a more balanced view. Work has only just begun on the potential significance of a range of variants at the WS locus, including “leaky” mutations, heterozygosity for null mutations, and polymorphisms, some of which may indeed escape the force of natural selection and thus contribute to the burden of illness in old age. We are also at a very early stage of knowledge concerning genes coding for WRN interacting proteins, variations at which may also be of significance for gerontology and geriatric medicine. J Am Geriatr Soc 47:1136–1144,1999.
Dual diagnosis in the United States

(1988). Dual diagnosis in the United States. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 43-48.
Smooth Interpolation, Hölder Continuity, and the Takagi—van der Waerden Function

(2003). Smooth Interpolation, Holder Continuity, and the Takagi—van der Waerden Function. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 110, No. 2, pp. 142-147.
Estimation of exchangeable bases and base saturation from soil physical and chemical data

Abstract Soil physical, chemical, and taxonomic data of about 12,000 pedons from the continental U.S., Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and some foreign countries were used to develop multiple regression equations to estimate sum of exchangeable bases (SUMBAS) and base saturation (BS). Soils were grouped according to their taxonomic classification at order and suborder categories. Multiple regression equations using organic carbon and clay contents, and soil pH in water ratio 1:1 accounted for more than 50% of the variation in SUMBAS in 11 of 35 suborders included in this study. Regression equations using organic carbon and clay contents, pH, 1M KC1 extractable Al or percent Al saturation, and cation exchange capacity accounted for more than 70% of the variation in SUMBAS in 18 of 35 suborders. Percent Al saturation and organic carbon content were negatively related to BS. These two parameters accounted for more than 70% of the variation in BS in 16 of 32 suborders. Regression equations using soil pH alone, in turn, ...
An investigation of the influence of bi-lateral deficit on human jumping

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of bi-lateral deficit on one- and two-legged maximal vertical jumps. Seven female subjects (height 1.68 ± 0.03 m, mass 64.39 ± 6.93 kg) performed maximum vertical jumps with no counter movement from their preferred jumping leg and from both legs. Force plate and video analysis were used to determine the kinematics and kinetics of the activity. The minimum and maximum ankle, knee and hip joint angles for the two jump conditions were not significantly different, indicating similar ranges of motion used in both types of jump. The height jumped from one leg was significantly different from being 50% of that jumped from two legs; the height jumped from one leg was 58.1% of that jumped from two. The general pattern of the angular velocities and resultant joint moments in these jumps indicated that the sequencing of joint extensions was similar regardless of jump condition. A simple model of jumping was presented. Simulations of one- and two-legged jumping, using the model, indicated that the bi-lateral deficit was predominantly responsible for the differences in jump heights observed experimentally. PsycINFO classification : 2330
Long-Term Tetracycline Use in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris—The Role of Routine Laboratory Monitoring

Abstract The medical directors of 125 college health services were surveyed to determine the frequency and extent of routine laboratory monitoring of patients with acne treated with low-dose oral tetracycline. Thirty-seven percent of the practitioners in 89 health services treating acne routinely order screening tests. Thirty-five percent obtain blood counts, 24% obtain liver function tests, and 21% order both types of tests. Sixty-three percent of health service practitioners ordered no routine laboratory testing. A literature review revealed that the reported renal, hepatic, and hematopoietic side effects of tetracycline occurred in patients on high-dose intravenous therapy, in critically ill or hospitalized patients, in patients with initial renal insufficiency, or in older patients. Although idiosyncratiac reactions have occurred, no significant side effects found by routine monitoring have been reported with low-dose oral tetracycline in healthy patients. A more cost-effective approach to the use of ...
Charm mixing, CP violation and rare D**0 decays at BaBar

Abstract D 0 - D ¯ 0 mixing is expected to be small in the Standard Model. Several recent studies have shown evidence for this phenomenon. However, there has been no evidence for CP -violation, either in D 0 - D ¯ 0 mixing or direct D decays. We present evidence for D 0 - D ¯ 0 mixing and improved limits on CP asymmetries from the BaBaR experiment. We also present new branching fraction measurements of radiative D 0 decays and compare these measurements with theoretical predictions.
Stochastic sensitivity analysis of primary-secondary structural systems

Abstract Primary-secondary (P-S) system analysis has been widely used in the design and performance evaluation of secondary systems in a vibrational environment. In most cases, it has to be carried out in the face of parametric uncertainties in the P-S system. For example, it is not easy to identify the parameters of an existing structure; furthermore, their values may change due to deterioration and degradation as a structure ages. Sensitivity analysis can thus play an important role in the study of response sensitivity of P-S systems to structural parameter uncertainties. This paper presents a time domain approach to this problem in which a simple decoupled method is suggested by using connection equations to solve sensitivity moment equations associated with a large scale P-S system. Results are compared with exact numerical solutions in both tuned and detuned cases.
Quantum Error Correction using Linear Optics

We describe a laboratory demonstration of a quantum error correction procedure that can correct intrinsic measurement errors in linear-optics quantum gates. The procedure involved a photonic two-qubit encoding and fast feed-forward-controlled single-qubit operations.
Repetitive Antenatal Glucocorticoids Increase Lung Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Decrease Lipid Hydroperoxide Production in Preterm Lambs. ♦ 1100

Repetitive courses of maternal antenatal glucocorticoids have been used empirically in high-risk pregnancies with premature labor, although the effects on the fetus have not been fully evaluated. A single fetal dose of glucocorticoids injected between 24 h and 7 days before preterm delivery increases lung antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid hydroperoxide formation during immediate postdelivery oxygen exposure in preterm lambs (AJP 1996; 271:L187). We investigated the effect of repetitive treatment with glucocorticoids, beginning early in gestation, on lung antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid hydroperoxide production. Ewes were randomized to receive 1 to 4 doses of 0.5 mg/kg betamethasone or saline placebo at 104, 111, 118, and 124 d gestational age (n=11 for each group). All lambs were delivered at 125 d gestational age (term is 150 d), ventilated for 40 min and killed. Lung tissue was assayed for superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid hydroperoxide products. Mean ± SD catalase activity was 30 ± 4 U/mg protein in the controls and increased to 35 ± 7 U/mg protein after 1 dose, 38 ± 6 U/mg protein after 2 doses (p=0.003), 40 ± 6 U/mg protein after 3 doses (p<0.001), and 41 ± 7 U/mg protein after 4 doses of glucocorticoids (p<0.001). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in a similar way with each dose of glucocorticoids and were also significantly higher than controls after 2-4 doses. Lung lipid hydroperoxide levels were 24 ± 8 μmol/g tissue in the controls and decreased to 11 ± 4 μmol/g after 1 dose(p<0.001), 12 ± 2 μmol/g after 2 doses (p<0.001), 13 ± 1 μmol/g after 3 doses (p=0.001), and 14 ± 2 μmol/g after 4 doses of glucocorticoids (p<0.001). These data suggest that repetitive antenatal corticosteroid treatment increases antioxidant enzyme activity and limits the production of lipid peroxides in the lungs of preterm lambs.