cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Becoming Racially Literate about Data and Data-Literate about Race: Data Visualizations in the Classroom as a Site of Racial-Ideological Micro-Contestations.

ABSTRACTData visualizations are now commonplace in the public media. The ability to interpret and create such visualizations, as a form of data literacy, is increasingly important for democratic participation. Yet, the cross-disciplinary knowledge and skills needed to produce and use data visualizations and to develop data literacy are not fluidly integrated into traditional K–12 subject areas. In this article, we nuance and complicate the push for data literacy in STEM reform efforts targeting youth of color. We explore a curricular reform project that integrated explicit attention to issues pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation, representation, visualization, and communication of data in an introductory computer science class. While the study of data in this unit emphasized viewing and approaching data in context, neither the teacher nor the students were supported in negotiating the racialized context of data that emerged in classroom discussions. To better understand these dynamics, w...
Calibration and operation of the polaris 18-detector CdZnTe array

The Polaris system is an array of 18 position-sensitive detectors, using 6 cm3 pixelated CdZnTe crystals from Redlen Technologies and readout electronics from Gamma-Medica Ideas (GMI). Many detectors received from Redlen Technologies are capable of achieving 1% energy resolution or better at 662 keV for all single-pixel events during room temperature operation. Furthermore, 3D position reconstruction capability enables 4p Compton imaging of gamma rays that undergo multiple interactions within a single detector or between multiple detectors in the array. However, there are many factors that can negatively influence the performance of this array. Measurements at elevated ambient temperatures indicate that the energy resolution degrades rapidly as the detector crystals are operated above 30°C. Furthermore, the electron mobility and trapping change with temperature which degrades the accuracy of the position dependent signal reconstruction parameters. The peak hold circuitry in the GMI ASIC provides a time dependent output, resulting in smaller recorded pulse heights for events with longer delay times between charge collection and system readout. This peak hold drop introduces depth dependent non-linearity for single pixel events and degrades the energy resolution of multiple pixel events. This effect is corrected by measuring the test pulse amplitude as a function of readout delay time. The problem of false triggers must be addressed carefully, as Polaris has 2178 anode and 18 cathode electrodes each independently capable of triggering the system. Collimation studies have been used to evaluate the accuracy of the depth reconstruction techniques and to identify the relative position of each detector crystal in the array, which ultimately affects image reconstruction.
A Phase II Study of Consolidation Treatment with Iodione-131 Tositumomab (Bexxar™) in Multiple Myeloma (MM)

Abstract Abstract 1854 Background: Despite the introduction of novel agents and therapies, MM remains incurable. Approximately 15–20% of MM patients have detectable CD20 expression on their malignant cells. Additionally, preclinical studies evaluating the properties of clonogenic MM cells (“MM stem cells”) suggest that these cells express CD20. However, studies with rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody have not clearly established CD20 as a valid target in MM. I-131 tositumomab is a radiolabeled murine anti-CD20 antibody which is highly effective in the treatment of low-grade B-cell NHL and has a well-characterized toxicity profile. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of consolidation treatment with I-131 tositumomab in patients with MM who had received ≥1 line of prior treatment. Methods: This was a single arm, phase II, single-center study. All patients had symptomatic MM and had received 1–3 prior treatment regimens. Patients were required to have a stable response to prior therapy of > PR but Results: Between July 2006 and April 2012, sixteen patients were enrolled. Median age was 56 (45–77). Nine were male. The median number of prior treatments was 2. Six patients had CD20 positive MM. In the total population, results were as follows: PD=7, SD=4, MR=1, PR=2, CR=2, for an ORR of 31% (95% CI: 11%-59%). Of the 4 patients with SD, 3 had their data censored at 3 months because they proceeded to transplant, and the other patient has only 3 months of follow up to date. In the CD20 negative population, response rates were PD=6, SD=3, PR=1 for an ORR of 10% (95% CI: Conclusion: I-131 tositumomab is well-tolerated in patients with previously treated MM and produces objective responses including CRs. ORR was significantly higher in CD20 positive compared with CD20 negative disease: 67% vs. 10% (p=0.036). Achievement of response is delayed compared to what is observed with standard MM therapy. While we continue to investigate its effects on MM “stem cells,” these results indicate that I-131 tositumomab produces highly durable responses in CD20 positive MM. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Bexxar (I-131 tositumomab) a radiolabled anti-CD20 antibody. It is approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with CD20-positive relapsed or refractory, low-grade, follicular, or transformed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, including patients with Rituximab-refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In this study, Bexxar is used in the treatment of previously treated multiple myeloma. Kaminski: GlaxoSmithKline: Bexxar, Bexxar Patents & Royalties.
Servo actuated payload carry and drop mechanism for unmanned helicopter

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are more often used now a days for the civilian purposes such as surveillance, surveying, monitoring, and transportation. Unmanned helicopter systems has been used more often for the disaster surveying and monitoring. In order to provide the facility of carrying and dropping the payload from the helicopter, this paper presents a servo actuated payload drop mechanism design for the unmanned disaster relief helicopter. The proposed payload drop mechanism is operated with two servo motors and uses metallic gears based mechanism to carry and drop the payload of up to 9kg. SolidWorks Virtual Computer Aided Design (CAD) platform has been used for the modelling and drop test simulations of proposed mechanism. The proposed mechanism has been designed specifically for the CopterWorks helicopter platform and can be utilized in civilian operations for the carrying and dropping the payload of up to 9kg.
Imatinib-Associated Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient With Myeloid Neoplasm With Eosinophilia and PDGFRA Rearrangement: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

The term hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is defined as a persistent elevation of the eosinophil count ≥ 1,500/mm3 in the peripheral blood for at least 6 months, with evidence of end-organ damage.1 Etiologies for some forms of HES have been described, and the 2016 revision to the WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia separates neoplasms associated with hypereosinophilia into two distinct groups. The first group falls under the category of myeloproliferative neoplasms, and it is named chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified. It is characterized by an eosinophil count ≥ 1,500/mm3, with evidence of clonality in the eosinophil lineage, or an increase in myeloblasts, but < 20%, in peripheral blood or bone marrow. In the absence of clonality or increased blasts, the diagnosis of idiopathic HES is made. By definition, there should be no Philadelphia chromosome or a rearrangement involving PDGFRA/B and FGFR12. The second group falls under the category of myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1, or with PCM1-JAK2.3 The most common molecular abnormality is rearrangement of PDGFRA, and it predicts a favorable response to imatinib; however, the incidence of FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearrangement in patients with hypereosinophilia is only 10% to 20%.4,5 Given the historically poor prognosis of chronic eosinophilic leukemias and the exquisite sensitivity to imatinib in patients with rearranged PDGFRA/B, consensus has emerged that these individuals be treated even in the absence of organ dysfunction.6 Several case reports and small case series of patients with chronic eosinophilic leukemia with PDGFRA/B rearrangement have described the efficacy of imatinib at a dose of 100 to 400 mg per day to produce durable complete hematologic responses.7-11
A 1D radiative transfer benchmark with polarization via doubling and adding

Abstract Highly precise numerical solutions to the radiative transfer equation with polarization present a special challenge. Here, we establish a precise numerical solution to the radiative transfer equation with combined Rayleigh and isotropic scattering in a 1D-slab medium with simple polarization. The 2-Stokes vector solution for the fully discretized radiative transfer equation in space and direction derives from the method of doubling and adding enhanced through convergence acceleration. Updates to benchmark solutions found in the literature to seven places for reflectance and transmittance as well as for angular flux follow. Finally, we conclude with the numerical solution in a partially randomly absorbing heterogeneous medium.
Desire for democracy: Perspectives of parents impacted by 2013 Chicago school closings

In this article, we discuss the historical shifts in the purposes of public education and examine how neoliberal education policies, like Chicago’s school closings, attempt to limit the purpose of public education to be in service to and at the whim of the market. We juxtapose this dominant neoliberal narrative of public education with the voices of the parents from closed schools, whose deep involvement with and beliefs about public schools counter neoliberalism’s shallow concept of the public purpose of public education. Drawing upon a 2014 qualitative study of parents and caregivers who were impacted by school closures and actions, as well as publically available data, we find that parents believe school closings cause great harm to students, families and communities, aim to reduce citizens to consumers in an educational marketplace, and seek to further undermine democracy in education toward a “thin democracy” (Gandin & Apple, 2002) of marketized education. However, we argue that there is an alternative to the neoliberal narrative reflected both in the ongoing historical struggle about the purposes of schooling and in the wisdom, experiences, and desires of parents most directly impacted by neoliberal education policies.
Copy Number Changes Identified Using Whole Exome Sequencing in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Honduran Population.

Background The majority of cleft lip with or without cleft palate cases appear as an isolated, nonsyndromic entity (NSCLP). With the advent of next generation sequencing, whole exome sequencing (WES) has been used to identify single nucleotide variants and insertion/deletions which cause or increase the risk of NSCLP. However, to our knowledge, there are no published studies using WES in NSCLP to investigate copy number changes (CNCs), which are a major component of human genetic variation. Our study aimed to identify CNCs associated with NSCLP in a Honduran population using WES. Methods WES was performed on two to four members of 27 multiplex Honduran families. CNCs were identified using two algorithms, CoNIFER and XHMM. Priority was given to CNCs that were identified in more than one patient and had variant frequencies of less than 5% in reference data sets. Results WES completion was defined as >90% of the WES target at >8 × coverage and >80% of the WES target at >20 × coverage. Twenty-four CNCs that met our inclusion criteria were identified by both CoNIFER and XHMM. These CNCs were confirmed using quantitative PCR. Pedigree analysis produced three CNCs corresponding to ADH7, AHR, and CRYZ segregating with NSCLP. Two of the three CNCs implicate genes, AHR and ADH7, whose known biological functions could plausibly play a role in NSCLP. Conclusion WES can be used to detect candidate CNCs that may be involved in the pathophysiology of NSCLP. Birth Defects Research 109:1257-1267, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mast cell inhibition as a therapeutic approach in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)

Abstract Background Episodic flare-ups of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) are characterized clinically by severe, often posttraumatic, connective tissue swelling and intramuscular edema, followed histologically by an intense and highly angiogenic fibroproliferative reaction. This early inflammatory and angiogenic fibroproliferative response is accompanied by the presence of abundant mast cells far in excess of other reported myopathies. Results Using an injury-induced, constitutively-active transgenic mouse model of FOP we show that mast cell inhibition by cromolyn, but not aprepitant, results in a dramatic reduction of heterotopic ossification. Cromolyn, but not aprepitant, significantly decreases the total number of mast cells in FOP lesions. Furthermore, cromolyn specifically diminishes the number of degranulating and resting degranulated mast cells in pre-osseous lesions. Conclusions This work demonstrates that consideration of FOP as a type of localized mastocytosis may offer new therapeutic interventions for treatment of this devastating condition.
Investigating the Malinchism-Nationalism Paradox in Hispanic TV Advertising: An Abstract

We explore the coexistence of the malinchism-nationalism paradox within the TV advertising context. Generally, the malinchista concept refers to those who engage in anti-nationalist acts. The stereotype originates from La Malinche, a Mexican-Indian interpreter, to the Spaniard conqueror Hernan Cortes, whose preference for and support given to the conquerors in significant events during the conquest of Mexico (circa 1500) secured them the victory. Within the marketing arena, a malinchista is defined as a consumer exhibiting preference for imported products. We propose the use of malinchism instead of cosmopolitanism, considering that malinchism is embedded in a historical perspective, in a similar fashion than the nationalism construct.
Thin-Layered Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoparticles as an Effective Polysulfide Mediator in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are attractive as sulfur offers an order of magnitude higher charge-storage capacity than the currently used insertion-compound cathodes. However, their practical viability is hampered by low electrochemical stability and efficiency, which results from severe polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling during cycling. We present here thin-layered MoS2 nanoparticles (MoS2-NPs) synthesized through a one-pot method and coated onto a commercial polymeric separator (as MoS2-NP-coated separator) as an effective LiPS mediator, facilitated by the nanodimension, polar interactions, and the better edge-binding sites of the MoS2-NPs. The resulting MoS2-NPs have an interlayer spacing of 0.55 nm and are stacked with a few layers. At a sulfur loading of 4.0 mg cm–2, the Li–S cell with a MoS2-NP-coated separator attains a peak discharge capacity of 983 mA h g–1, improving the electrochemical utilization of sulfur. The cell is able to maintain a high capacity of 525 mA h g–1 after 150 cycles at a C/5 rat...
A Novel Pre-B Cell Precursor: Phenotypic Characterization and Differentiation Induction by Dendritic Cell-T Cell Mixtures

Recently, culture systems have been developed which support the growth of multipotential stem cells (1), pro-B cells (2), pre-B cells (3) or mixtures of several early stages (4,5), and these have begun to improve our understanding of very early stages of B lymphocyte differentiation. In some of these systems, differentiation to a subsequent developmental stage can be induced, but multiple levels of differentiation have not been observed under conditions suitable for detailed analysis of phenotypic and genotypic events during these maturation processes.
The Fascinating \(\gamma \)-Ray World of the Atomic Nucleus: The Evolution of Nuclear Structure in \(^{158}\mathrm{{Er}}\) and the Future of \(\gamma \)-Ray Spectroscopy

The rare-earth nucleus \(^{158}\mathrm{{Er}}\) exhibits a number of beautiful structural changes as it evolves with increasing excitation energy and angular momentum. After undergoing Coriolis induced alignments of high-\(j\) neutron and proton pairs, a dramatic prolate collective to oblate non-collective transition takes place via the mechanism of band termination. At the highest spins, a spectacular return to collective rotation is observed in the form of triaxial strongly deformed bands. This latter suggestion is based on a comparison of transition quadrupole moments (\(Q_\mathrm{{t}}\)) between experiment and theory, and long standing predictions that such heavy nuclei will possess nonaxial shapes on their path towards fission. These exciting discoveries in \(^{158}\mathrm{{Er}}\) have benefited greatly from the progression of \(\gamma \)-ray detector developments through recent decades. The new \(\gamma \)-ray energy tracking technique and the next generation detector arrays utilizing this technique, e.g., GRETINA (\(1\pi \)) and GRETA (\(4\pi \)), are briefly discussed.
Hybrid System Modeling of Multi-Agent Coverage Problems with Energy Depletion and Repletion

Abstract We present a hybrid system model describing the behavior of multiple agents cooperating to solve an optimal coverage problem under energy depletion and repletion constraints. The model captures the controlled switching of agents between coverage (when energy is depleted) and battery charging (when energy is replenished) modes. Our analysis contains three parts. The first part shows how the model guarantees the feasibility of the coverage problem by defining a guard function on each agent’s battery level to prevent it from dying on its way to a charging station. The second part provides two scheduling algorithms to solve the contention problem of agents competing for the only charging station in the mission space. The third part shows the optimality of the motion plan adopted in the proposed model.
Single-cell sequencing leads a new era of profiling transcriptomic landscape

Understanding the complexity of biological systems requires a comprehensive analysis of their cell populations. Ideally, this should be done at the single cell level, because bulk analysis of the full population obscured many critical details due to artifacts introduced by averaging. However, this has been technically challenging due to the cumbersome procedure, low throughput, and high costs of performing analysis on a single-cell basis. Excitingly, technical improvements in single-cell RNA sequencing are making it economically practical to profile the transcriptomics of large populations of cells at the single-cell level, and have yielded numerous results that address important biological and medical questions. Further development of the technology and data analysis will significantly benefit the biomedical field by unraveling the function of individual cells in their microenvironments and modeling their transcriptional dynamics. Key words: cell transcriptomics; CEL-Seq; Hi-SCL; MARS-Seq; SCRB-Seq; single-cell RNA sequencing; Smart-Seq2; sNuc-seq
Controlling Particle/Metal Interactions in Metal Matrix Composites During Solidification: The Role of Melt Viscosity and Cooling Rate

The homogenous dispersion of particles in a metal matrix is of critical importance to the design and manufacturing of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs). This work studied the effects of increasing melt viscosity via microalloying and increasing cooling rate on the dispersion of particles in an aluminum-based MMC. A CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD)-based viscosity model was developed for the Al-Ni binary system. This viscosity model was coupled with a particle-capture model to explore particle/metal interactions during solidification. Three composites (Al + TiCp) with and without Ni were cast at different cooling rates. The first composite without Ni cast at a lower cooling rate showed macro-segregation and agglomeration of TiCp along the grain boundaries. The second composite without Ni cast at a higher cooling rate exhibited grain refinement and reduced macro-segregation of TiCp. The third composite alloyed with 1 wt pct Ni and cast at the same higher cooling rate had an improved distribution, and particles > 2 µm in size were captured in the grains. The composite with 1 wt pct Ni had a 45 pct higher melt viscosity and a 31 pct lower critical velocity for capture of TiCp, demonstrating a synergetic effect of increasing viscosity and cooling rate on improving particle dispersion in MMCs.
Phase II simulation evaluation of the flying qualities of two tilt-wing flap control concepts

A simulation study was initiated to investigate alternative wing and flap controls for tilt-wing aircraft. The initial phase of the study compared the flying qualities of both a conventional (programmed) flap and an innovative geared flap. The second phase of the study, reported in this paper, introduced an alternate method for pilot control of the geared flap and further studied the flying qualities of the programmed flap, and two geared flap configurations. The results showed little difference among the three flap control configurations except during a longitudinal reposition task where the programmed flap configuration was the best. The addition of pitch attitude stabilization greatly enhanced the aircraft handling qualities. This paper describes the tilt-wing aircraft and the flap control concepts, and presents the results of the second simulation experiment.
Frobenius algebras derived from the Kauffman bracket skein algebra

The Kauffman bracket skein algebra of a compact oriented surface when the variable A in the Kauffman bracket is set equal to eπi/N, where N is an odd counting number, is a central extension of the ring of SL2ℂ-characters of the fundamental group of the underlying surface. In this paper, we construct symmetric Frobenius algebras from the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of some simple surfaces by two strategies. The first is to localize the skein algebra at the characters so it becomes an algebra over the function field of the character variety of the surface, and the second is to specialize at a place of the character ring.
Walls for G-Hilb via Reid's Recipe

The three-dimensional McKay correspondence seeks to relate the geometry of crepant resolutions of Gorenstein $3$-fold quotient singularities $\mathbb{A}^3/G$ with the representation theory of the group $G$. The first crepant resolution studied in depth was the $G$-Hilbert scheme $G\text{-Hilb}\,\mathbb{A}^3$, which is also a moduli space of $\theta$-stable representations of the McKay quiver associated to $G$. As the stability parameter $\theta$ varies, we obtain many other crepant resolutions. In this paper we focus on the case where $G$ is abelian, and compute explicit inequalities for the chamber of the stability space defining $G\text{-Hilb}\,\mathbb{A}^3$ in terms of a marking of exceptional subvarieties of $G\text{-Hilb}\,\mathbb{A}^3$ called Reid's recipe. We further show which of these inequalities define walls. This procedure depends only on the combinatorics of the exceptional fibre and has applications to the birational geometry of other crepant resolutions.
Effectiveness of the monitoring of X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca in the olive orchards of Southern Italy (Apulia)

In 2013, an outbreak of Xylella fastidiosa was identified for the first time in Europe, in the extreme South of Italy (Apulia, Salento territory). The locally identified subspecies turned to be lethal for olive trees, starting an unprecedented phytosanitary emergency for one of the most iconic cultivations of the Mediterranean area. The Apulian-monitoring program of the epidemic amassed data on several hundreds of thousands of laboratory screening for the bacterium presence, jointly with georeferenced sample information. Starting from these data, it is possible to show that Xylella fastidiosa spreads by forming new, tightly clustered groups of infected plants (epidemic hotspots), with 98% of the infected trees separated by less than 100 mt from another infected tree. Surprisingly, more than three quarters of the newly detected epidemic hotspots are farther than 1 km from any previously known infected plants. Considering this finding, either long-range spreading of the bacterium is underestimated, or the current monitoring strategy must be called into question. In both cases, however, it can be anticipated that, under the current monitoring protocol, yearly epidemic spreading 1–15 km far from olive trees currently labeled as infected will be more common than previously thought.
New genera, new species, and new combinations in new world Cochylina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae).

Seven new genera of North American Cochylina are described and illustrated: Anacochylidia Brown, new genus (type species: Anacochylidia maderana Brown, new species); Atroposia Pogue, new genus (type species: Conchylis oenotherana Riley, 1881), resulting in Atroposia oenotherana (Riley), new combination; Cagiva Pogue, new genus (type species: Phalonia cephalanthana Heinrich, 1921), resulting in Cagiva cephalanthana (Heinrich), new combination; Cybilla Pogue, new genus (type species: Phalonia hubbardana Busck, 1907), resulting in Cybilla hubbardana (Busck), new combination; Honca Pogue, new genus (type species: Phalonia grandis Busck, 1907), resulting in Honca grandis (Busck), new combination; Nycthia Pogue, new genus (type species: Phalonia pimana Busck, 1907), resulting in Nycthia pimana (Busck), new combination, and N. yuccatana (Busck, 1907), new combination; and Pogospinia Brown, new genus (type species: Pogospinia floridana Brown, new species), with three new combinations: Pogospinia spinifera (Razowski, 1967), new combination; P. veracruzanus (Razowski and Becker, 1986); new combination, and P. signata (Razowski, 1967), new combination. The Palearctic genus Cochylichroa Obraztsov & Swatschek, 1958, revised status (type species: Eupoecilia atricapitana Stephens, 1852), is redefined based on North American congeners, resulting in the following new combinations: Cochylichroa arthuri (Dang, 1984), new combination; C. atricapitana (Stephens, 1852), revised status; C. aurorana (Kearfott, 1907), new combination; C. avita (Razowski, 1997), new combination; C. foxcana (Kearfott, 1907), new combination; C. hospes (Walsingham, 1884), new combination; C. hoffmanana (Kearfott, 1907), new combination; C. temerana (Busck, 1907), new combination; and C. viscana (Kearfott, 1907), new combination. Monoceratuncus Razowski, 1992, is reported for the first time from the U.S.A. as Monoceratuncus lantana Pogue, new species. Mimcochylis Razowski, 1985, is reported for the first time from the U.S.A. as Mimcochylis fulvotinctana (Walsingham, 1884), new combination and senior synonym of M. planola Razowski, 1985, new synonym. One new species is described in Aethes Billberg, 1820 (i.e., A. triassumenta Pogue, new species), and one new combination (i.e., A. ringsi (Metzler, 2000), new combination, is proposed. Two other new combinations are proposed: Thyraylia wiscana (Kearfott, 1907), new combination, and Eupinivora parotanus (Razowski and Becker, 2010), new combination.
Trends in diagnostic prevalence and treatment patterns of male and female ankylosing spondylitis patients in the United States, 2006-2016.

There has been much variation between epidemiological studies that report the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic prevalence rates and treatment patterns of male and female AS patients in the United States adult insured population from 2006 to 2016. Trends in AS prevalence were calculated for the 11-year period covering January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. Adult (18+ years old) AS patients were included in this retrospective analysis of medical and pharmacy claims data from the IBM Marketscan Commercial, Medicaid and Medicare-Supplemental Claims database. Prevalence was determined as having ≥1 AS diagnostic codes (ICD-9:720.0; ICD-10:M45.x). Trends in treatment patterns were also analyzed and stratified by gender. The AS prevalence increased from 0.04 to 0.09% from 2006 to 2016. The mean age between 2006 and 2016 ranged from 49.52–50.00 years. In 2006, approximately 40% of AS patients were female, while in 2016 over 47% of AS patients were female. Rates of use of TNF inhibitors and oral glucocorticoids increased, while NSAIDs and non-biologic DMARDs (sulfasalazine & methotrexate) rates decreased. Opioid use rates were stable. In 2016, males were more likely to be prescribed biologics, while females were more likely to be prescribed methotrexate, sulfasalazine, NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, opioids, and glucocorticoids. The prevalence of AS diagnosis codes more than doubled between 2006 and 2016, but the very low prevalence suggests that AS continues to be underdiagnosed and under-addressed in routine clinical practice. Despite the increase in female AS patients, females were less likely to be prescribed biologics compared to male AS patients.
Session Ii: Capitalism and Social Insurance

In what Jeff Gordon describes as “the great risk shift,” large U.S. companies have responded during the last 50 years to the forces of globalization and increased pressure from investors by transferring the risks associated with product and worker obsolescence from their shareholders to their employees. Layoffs have generally meant very large, if not complete, losses of “firm‐specific investments” by displaced employees. And the problem is especially troubling in the U.S., where the employees of large companies lose not only their jobs and income streams, but also often their connection to their social network, to the entire system of social welfare and insurance that tends to be provided by large companies and the workplace. While applauding corporate retraining programs, Gordon suggests that individual company efforts are likely to be overwhelmed by the demand for such services. The solution accordingly lies in the form of government‐provided social insurance—in programs that, whether orchestrated and funded at the state or federal level, provide the most cost‐effective government “match” designed to ensure the preservation of human potential and lifetime earnings power of employees.
The Changing Nature of Legitimate Authority in the Just War Tradition

The legitimate authority principle has become reduced to the issue of state authority. In its current formulation, the state has the sole authority to wage war, and because non-state actors, by the...
Anthracycline-induced cytotoxicity in the GL261 glioma model system

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal astrocyte-derived tumor that is currently treated with a multi-modal approach of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Alternatives to current therapies are urgently needed as its prognosis remains poor. Anthracyclines are a class of compounds that show great potential as GBM chemotherapeutic agents and are widely used to treat solid tumors outside the central nervous system. Here we investigate the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and other anthracyclines on GL261 glioma tumor cells in anticipation of novel anthracycline-based CNS therapies. Three methods were used to quantify dose-dependent effects of anthracyclines on adherent GL261 tumor cells, a murine cell-based model of GBM. MTT assays quantified anthracycline effects on cell viability, comet assays examined doxorubicin genotoxicity, and flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining characterized doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and necrosis. Dose-dependent reductions in GL261 cell viability were found in cells treated with doxorubicin (EC50 = 4.9 μM), epirubicin (EC50 = 5.9 μM), and idarubicin (EC50 = 4.4 μM). Comet assays showed DNA damage following doxorubicin treatments, peaking at concentrations of 1.0 μM and declining after 25 μM. Lastly, flow cytometric analysis of doxorubicin-treated cells showed dose-dependent induction of apoptosis (EC50 = 5.2 μM). Together, these results characterized the cytotoxic effects of anthracyclines on GL261 glioma cells. We found dose-dependent apoptotic induction; however at high concentrations we find that cell death is likely necrotic. Our results support the continued exploration of anthracyclines as compounds with significant potential for improved GBM treatments.
Fortification Against Cascade Propagation Under Uncertainty

Network cascades represent a number of real-life applications: social influence, electrical grid failures, viral spread, and so on. The commonality between these phenomena is that they begin from a...
FDI Inflows, Export Expansion and Competitive Cooperation Between U.S. and China

Foreign Direct investment is identified as generating direct benefits of capital accumulation, export expansion, employment creation and labour training, all of which establish FDI as an engine of economic growth of host countries. FDI also contributes to growth indirectly through productivity gains created by increased competition in the domestic market. As regards the potential benefits of FDI to a host country- the main focus of this paper is that of increased exports.The point is made in this paper that since FDI leads to direct benefits to host countries like export-expansion it is a positive sum game. Second, because FDI is a positive growth indicator FDI has become a commercial link to build political bridges between the North and South, particularly U.S. and China, and thereby is a potential source that furthers competitive cooperation.
A Low-Cost Compliant Gripper Using Cooperative Mini-Delta Robots for Dexterous Manipulation

Traditional parallel-jaw grippers are insufficient for delicate object manipulation due to their stiffness and lack of dexterity. Other dexterous robotic hands often have bulky fingers, rely on complex time-varying cable drives, or are prohibitively expensive. In this paper, we introduce a novel low-cost compliant gripper with two centimeter-scaled 3-DOF delta robots using off-the-shelf linear actuators and 3D-printed soft materials. To model the kinematics of delta robots with soft compliant links, which diverge from typical rigid links, we train neural networks using a perception system. Furthermore, we analyze the delta robot’s force profile by varying the starting position in its workspace and measuring the resulting force from a push action. Finally, we demonstrate the compliance and dexterity of our gripper through six dexterous manipulation tasks involving small and delicate objects. Thus, we present the groundwork for creating modular multi-fingered hands that can execute precise and low-inertia manipulations.
The Korean discourse particle ya across multiple turn positions: An interactional resource for turn-taking and stance-taking

Abstract This paper investigates the Korean vocative interjection ya ‘hey’ in multiple turn-constructional unit (TCU) positions. A conversation analytic examination of telephone and face-to-face conversations shows that ya is an emerging discourse particle that plays an important role in the organization of turn-taking and stance-taking. At TCU-initial position speakers regularly use ya when departing from one topic to another or from one action/activity to another in a disjunctive manner. Here, speakers use ya to alert the recipient to the new topic or action they are pursuing. At TCU-final position, ya is used in turns that are not cohesive with another speaker's stance or with the speaker's own expectation. In this position the speaker retroactively marks their stance to the just-completed utterance with ya. Furthermore, the study finds that a ya which prosodically and syntactically belongs to both the prior TCU and the following TCU serves as a turn-constructional pivot extending the speakers' turn beyond the incipient point of possible completion. Overall, the findings illustrate the importance of understanding a form's usage as they occur through the progression of a turn and a sequence in naturally occurring talk, and contribute to our understanding of utterance (left/right) periphery phenomena.
Perspectives of Doulas of Color on their Role in Alleviating Racial Disparities in Birth Outcomes: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to explore how doulas of color conceptualize both their work and how their racial and ethnic identities influence their work within the context of racial disparities in birth outcomes in the United States. Methods We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with doulas of color who had attended at least 3 births as doulas. Participants were recruited from across the United States. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to derive themes from the transcribed interviews. Results Interviews were conducted with 8 doulas of color, ranging in age from 21 to 47 from across the United States. All participants were either current college students or had earned a college degree. Although many of the doulas identified as being of more than one racial or ethnic group, nearly all participants identified closely with being Black or African American first, and their other racial groups second. Four major themes emerged: relationship with the medical system, role of identity in the doulas' work, role of class, and divisions within the natural birth movement. Discussion The majority of doulas who participated in this study stated that their racial identity strongly influenced their work, particularly when working with women of the same race or ethnicity due to their shared identities. Several participants initially became doulas because of a desire to alleviate disparities in birth outcomes for women of color. This suggests a commitment on the part of the study participants to serving their communities and to bridging the gap between women of color and the health care system. Several participants also noted that they feel alienated by both the health care system and the mainstream natural birth community.
Fundamentals of rings and fields

A ring R is a set with laws of addition +: R × R → R sending (r1, r2) to r1 + r2 and multiplication ×: R × R → R sending (r1, r2) to r1 · r2 such that R is an abelian group under addition satisfying a) (associative) r 1 (r2r3) = (r1r2)r3 for all r1,r2 and r3 in R. b) (identity) There is an element 1 in R such that 1 · r = r = r · 1 for all r in R. c) (distributive) (r1 + r2) · s = r1 · s + r2 · s and s(r1 + r2) = s · r 1 + s · r2 for all s, r, and r2 in R.
Mediation and Conceptual Behavior

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on mediation and conceptual behavior. The concept of mediation, can be, and often is, assigned to any position that assumes that there are intervening physiological or theoretical processes operating between an organism's environment and his behavior. The chapter also presents the theoretical and experimental analysis of reversal-shift behavior with rats and humans at a wide range of developmental stages. Experimental results suggestes that a single-link continuity type of discrimination learning theory could account for the rats' shift behavior. In case of humans, the younger the child; the more likely he is to behave in accordance with a single-link analysis. In order to explain the ability of organisms to execute rapid reversal shifts or to respond in a reversal manner in an optional-shift technique, an S-R (Stimulus-Response) mediational formulation has been proposed, which assumes that an environmental stimulus (S) evokes an implicit response (r), which in turn produces an implicit stimulus (s) to which the overt response (R) becomes associated. In an attempt to isolate some of the characteristics of a representational response that facilitates the execution of a reversal shift, it has been found that: (1) the associative strength, as measured by word-association norms, between the two representational responses has at best a minimal effect on reversal shift behavior, and (2) more economical forms of representing a category of words facilitate reversal shifts.
Decompositional algorithms for safety verification and testing of aspect-oriented systems

To efficiently solve safety verification and testing problems for an aspect-oriented system, we use multitape automata to model aspects and propose algorithms for the aspect-oriented system specified by a number of primary labeled transition systems (some of them are black-boxes) and aspects. Our algorithms combine automata manipulations over the aspects and primary systems with black-box testing over each individual black-box, but without generating the woven system.
On Indefinite Cases of Operator Identities Which Arise in Interpolation Theory. II

This paper studies operator identities from interpolation theory that are related to the generalized Caratheodory class of matrix-valued functions on the interior and exterior of the unit circle. A key tool is a Kreĭn–Langer integral representation for generalized Caratheodory functions that generalizes the Herglotz representation in the classical case. Every generalized Caratheodory function meeting certain conditions induces an operator identity. The main results of the paper characterize the class of identities which arise in this way. An application to a tangential interpolation problem is given. Parallel results for generalized Nevanlinna functions were obtained by the authors in a previous work.
Indicators of Climate Change in Idaho: An Assessment Framework for Coupling Biophysical Change and Social Perceptiona

AbstractClimate change is well documented at the global scale, but local and regional changes are not as well understood. Finer, local- to regional-scale information is needed for creating specific, place-based planning and adaption efforts. Here the development of an indicator-focused climate change assessment in Idaho is described. This interdisciplinary framework couples end users’ data needs with observed, biophysical changes at local to regional scales. An online statewide survey of natural resource professionals was conducted to assess the perceived impacts from climate change and determine the biophysical data needed to measure those impacts. Changes to water resources and wildfire risk were the highest areas of concern among resource professionals. Guided by the survey results, 15 biophysical indicator datasets were summarized that included direct climate metrics (e.g., air temperature) and indicators only partially influenced by climate (e.g., wildfire). Quantitative changes in indicators were de...
The Nearest Pre-Main Sequence Multiple Stars

Protoplanetary disks are where planets form, and where the pre-biotic materials which produce life-bearing worlds are assembled or produced. We need to understand them, how they interact with their central stars, and their evolution both to reconstruct the Solar System’s history, and to account for the observed diversity of exo-planetary systems. Our knowledge of these systems, in terms of their disks, gas content, dust mineralogy, and accretion is most complete for the nearby PMS A stars, the Herbig Ae stars. Previously, many of the nearby Herbig Ae stars were thought to be single stars: a new generation of high angular resolution and high contrast imagery has revealed a number of binary, and multiple star systems, with a wide range of signatures of dynamical interaction with the primary star. Our current understanding of these systems is reviewed.
Inequality of rights: Rural industrial workers' access to the law in Guatemala

type="main" xml:id="sea212031-abs-0001"> We examine unequal access to the law among industrial workers in the export processing plants of the central highlands of Guatemala. Through qualitative interviews with 40 workers and a three-wave panel survey in four communities, we elicited perspectives on labor conditions and legal protections as perceived by workers. The workers, mostly young, indigenous women, are caught in the apparent fragmentation of transnational circuits of production through outsourcing, flexibilization strategies, and layers of removed accountability. Workers are subjected to discrimination and inequality before the law. This is facilitated by global regimes that allow corporations to create separate realms of responsibility by relying on contractors and subcontractors that renegotiate national and international laws with states. The nature of global regimes is such that new forms of activism and participation, including transnational networks of workers and consumers, are needed to provide protections and equal access to rights to a vulnerable, young, and mostly indigenous workforce.
New-onset diabetes mellitus after pediatric liver transplantation.

In the first five yr after liver transplant, approximately one in 10 pediatric recipients will develop NODAT. Factors associated with higher risk for NODAT have been difficult to identify due to lack of uniformity in reporting and data collection. Limited studies have reported higher risk in those who are at an older age at transplant, those with high-risk ethnic backgrounds, and in those with particular underlying conditions, such as CF and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Immunosuppressive medications, including tacrolimus, cyclosporine A, GC, and sirolimus, have been implicated as contributing to NODAT, to varying degrees. Identifying those at highest risk, appropriately screening, and diagnosing NODAT is critical to initiating timely treatment and avoiding potential complications. In the pediatric population, treatment is limited primarily to insulin, with some consideration for metformin. Children with NODAT should be monitored carefully for complications of DM, including microalbuminuria, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and retinopathy.
Exact scattering by metal cylinders truncated by a metal plane

The behavior of electromagnetic fields near the junctions of metallic structures is important in a variety of applications, from computers to indoor propagation to ground vehicles, ships, airplanes and satellites. In this work, such behavior is analyzed for several metallic cylinders that are truncated by a metal plane oriented perpendicularly to the cylinders' generators. Exact solutions are obtained by separation of variables for plane-wave incidence on circular, elliptic and parabolic cylinders, wedges, half-planes, and strips. Particular attention is paid to the surface current densities on the cylinders and on the truncating plane. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain with a time-dependence factor exp(+jωt) that is omitted throughout.
Errors Associated with the Direct Measurement of Human Serum Cholesterol Using the FeCI3 Color Reagent

Evidence is presented concerning errors in the direct determination of human serum cholesterol with a ferric-chloride color reagent. It is shown that in physiologic concentrations the vitamins A, D, E, K, and niotinic acid cause no error, but that hemoglobin, anticoagulants, and impurities in acetic acid can cause errors. The control of these errors is discussed. Errors caused by steroids, added salts, and high bilirubin content of serum are discussed.
Studies of Hindered Rotation and Magnetic Anisotropy by 1H, 19F and 13C NMR in Models for Drugs. I. The Diels-Alder Adduct of Phencyclone with N-2, 2, 2-Trifluoroethylmaleimide, and Precursors

Abstract To gain understanding of hindered rotations and magnetic anisotropy in drugs, compounds of much intrinsic importance, we have investigated as a model compound the Diels-Alder adduct of phenycyclone with N-2, 2, 2-trifluoroethylmaleimide for study by 1H, 19F and 13C NMR. The N-2, 2, 2-trifluoroethylmaleamic acid and maleimide precursors were examined by 1H and 19F NMR. The phencyclone adduct is shown by 1H and 13C NMR (at 300 and 75 MHz, respectively) to exhibit slow exchange limit spectra at ambient temperatures, arising from hindered rotation of the bridgehead unsubstituted phenyl groups.