cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
[Current status of chronic filariasis in Huai'an City].

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of chronic filariasis patients in Huai'an City, so as to provide insights into the future care of chronic filariasis patients. METHODS According to the data pertaining to the historically registered chronic filariasis patients in Huai 'an City, each case was followed up and the baseline data of chronic filariasis patients were captured using questionnaire survey. The demographic and clinical features of the patients, and the distribution and coverage of the care sites were analyzed. RESULTS There were still 616 chronic filariasis patients in Huai'an City, including 229 men (37.2%) and 387 women (62.8%), and 93.2% were aged 60 years and older. The chronic filariasis patients were found across the 8 counties (districts) across the city, and the cases were predominantly detected in Lianshui (40.3%), Huaiyin (30.8%) and Yuyi (8.0%). There were 49.0% of the patients with lymphedema or elephantiasis alone, 10.2% with chyluria alone, 1.0% with hydrocele of tunica vaginalis alone, 2.4% with lymphatic inflammation or lymphadenitis alone, and 37.3% with two or more types of symptoms, respectively, and all cases with lymphedema or elephantiasis alone had the sites of edema in the lower limbs, with over 90% at stages I to III. Currently, there are 81 care sites in the city covering 567 patients. The mean number of care activities was 3.2 times in 2018, and the mean cumulative duration of caring activities was 18.4 years in the care sites. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of chronic filariasis patients has remarkably decreased, the number remains high in Jiangsu Province, and the cases are characterized by high age and long course of disease. Further caring activities are required to improve the quality of life in chronic filariasis patients.
Induction of Myogenic Differentiation Improves Chemosensitivity of Chemoresistant Cells in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Cell Lines

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare soft-tissue malignancies with the highest incidence in infants, children, and adolescents. Advanced, recurrent, and/or metastatic RMS and RT exhibit poor response to treatment. One of the main mechanisms behind resistance to treatment is believed to be intratumoral heterogeneity. In this study, we investigated the myogenic determination factor 1 (MYOD1) and Noggin (NOG) markers in an embryonal RMS (ERMS) cell line and an RT cell line and the differential response of the MYOD1 and NOG expressing subpopulations to chemotherapy. Importantly, we found that these markers together identify a subpopulation of cells (MYOD1+ NOG+ cells) with primary resistance to Vincristine and Doxorubicin, two commonly used chemotherapies for ERMS and RT. The chemoresistant MYOD1+ NOG+ cells express markers of undifferentiated cells such as myogenin and ID1. Combination of Vincristine with TPA/GSK126, a drug combination shown to induce differentiation of RMS cell lines, is able to partially overcome MYOD1/NOG cells chemoresistance.
SECTION 7-1 – Nick Translation

Publisher Summary The nick translation reaction is used to introduce radioactive nucleotide phosphates into unlabeled DNA for the purpose of making a probe. The reaction depends on the ability of the enzyme DNA polymerase I to initiate DNA synthesis at free 3´ OH groups, which are exposed as nicks in the unlabeled DNA. The chapter discusses the nicks that are generated in random locations by a limited digest of the DNA to be labeled with DNase I. The polymerase synthesizes new DNA in a 5´ to 3´ direction using labeled triphosphates. The newly polymerized DNA is therefore radioactive. This chapter describes the nick translation procedure, which requires two hours of time after the purification of DNA probe..
The Quicksands of The Poor Law: Poor Relief Legislation in a Growing Nation, 1790-1820

This article reviews the development of American poor law from 1790 to 1820. Because poor law was primarily state based, the main focus is on the laws of ten states that joined the U.S. during this time: Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, and Maine. English poor law continued to impact the development of state poor relief law, but legislative experiences in other states began to exert significant influence as well. Work remained the cure for poverty. Poor people who could work were to do so. Poor children were expected to labor and were often apprenticed. Poor adults were put to work in workhouses and poorhouses, or jailed as vagrants. State laws of this period continue to reflect a strong theme that punishing and stigmatizing the non-working poor would prod them to work and thus cure their poverty.
Tertiary Education in Anglophone West Africa: Contextualizing Challenges

Drawing from my experience as a pioneering head of department in two Nigerian universities between 2005 and 2013, as well as considering insights derived from interviews with selected stakeholders in both private and public universities and colleges in Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, this chapter examines the policies and practices of accreditation of higher education in Anglophone West Africa. As the chapter argues, higher education markets in Anglophone West Africa are characterized by an ever-widening customer base, owned by entrepreneurs with limited financial power and serviced by an ever-contracting personnel corps. Given this atypical situation, governments in Anglophone West Africa have found a comfortable accommodation between higher education policies, aimed at ensuring quality, and accreditation politics that impinge on quality assurance.
Visual and Anatomic Outcomes following Cataract Surgery in Patients with Pre-operative Macular Edema Due to Retinal Vein Occlusions Managed with Intravitreal anti-VEGF.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions (RVO) who were actively managed with intravitreal anti-va...
Abstract 143: The Modified Shock Index Separates Survivors from Non-Survivors in a Swine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Traumatic Brain Injury

The ratio between heart rate and arterial blood pressure during hemorrhagic shock has been shown useful to identify individuals at risk of death. We herein compared the index using the systolic art...
Insecure messaging: how clinicians approach potentially problematic messages from patients.

Objective Secure messaging has become an integrated function of patient portals, but misuse of secure messaging by both patients and clinicians can lead to miscommunication and errors, such as overlooked urgent messages. We sought to uncover variations in clinician approaches and responses to messaging with patients. Methods In this two-part study, 20 primary care clinicians (1) composed message responses to five hypothetical patient vignettes and messages and (2) were subsequently interviewed for their perspectives on appropriate circumstances for secure messaging. Messages and interviews were analyzed for themes. Results Clinicians have different experiences with, and perceptions of, secure messaging. The messages the clinicians wrote were uniformly respectful, but differed in degrees of patient-centeredness and level of detail. None of the clinicians found their messaging workload to be unmanageable. From the interviews, we found divergent clinician perspectives about when to use secure messaging and how to respond to emotional content. Conclusion Clinicians have different opinions about the appropriateness of secure messaging in response to specific medical issues. Our results noted a desire and need for greater guidance about secure messaging. This aspect of informatics education warrants greater attention in clinical practice. Practical implications We summarize the types of issues raised by the participants yet to be addressed by existing guidelines. Further guidance from hospitals, professional societies, and other institutions that govern clinician behavior on the appropriateness and effectiveness of delivering care through secure messaging may aid clinicians and patients.
Acute and Chronic Immune Neuropathies and Radiculopathies

Immune-mediated neuropathies constitute acute and chronic disorders, the prototypes of which are Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory/immune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), respectively. The most common variants of GBS are acute inflammatory/immune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), but less common variants exist. Cell-mediated and antibody-mediated mechanisms are suspected in the pathophysiology of GBS, which is often precipitated by an antecedent event. GBS is characterized by symmetric weakness, areflexia, sensory symptoms, and frequent autonomic features. The clinical course is monophasic with spontaneous recovery, but residual deficits are common. Immunomodulatory therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange (PLEX) hastens recovery and likely improves clinical outcomes.
The Inclusive Command: Voluntary Integration of Sexual Minorities into the U.S. Military

* Visiting Lecturer and Senior Research Scholar, Yale Law School; Professor of Law and Director, Center on Dispute Resolution, Quinnipiac University School of Law. A.B. 1982, Bryn Mawr; J.D. 1985, University of Illinois. Ed. ** William K. Townsend Professor, Yale Law School. B.A. 1963, J.D. 1986, Yale; Ph.D. (Economics) 1988, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ed. For helpful comments and conversations, we thank David Cruz, William Eskridge, Barney Frank, Diane Mazur, Linda Meyer, Kenji Yoshino, and workshop participants at UCLA, USC, Colorado, Georgetown, and Australian National universities. Jessica Ballou, Gowri Ramachandran, Eric McGrew, Richard Gora, and Fadi Hanna provided helpful research assistance.
Telepharmacy: Time to pick up the line

The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) has defined the practice of telepharmacy as “the provision of pharmacist care by registered pharmacies and pharmacists through the use of telecommunications to patients located at a distance.” Rural communities in America cannot support a full-time pharmacist or cannot easily recruit a pharmacist to reside in their region. Telepharmacy expands access to quality health care to communities nationwide, primarily in rural, medically-underserved areas. Telepharmacy has the potential to improve the quality of pharmaceutical care and to decrease medication errors and adverse drug events. Additional advantages of telepharmacy include cost-effectiveness, improved access to care, higher productivity, after hours availability and reduced travel time. Telepharmacy services can be delivered at retail pharmacy sites or through hospitals, nursing homes, or other medical care facilities. Two large health systems–the Veterans Affairs (VA) and the U.S. Navy – that employ telepharmacy can be used as case studies. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is America’s largest integrated health care system. Telepharmacy is among the 44 telehealth subspecialties offered by the VA. The telepharmacy services offered by the VA include videoconference consultations on medication therapy management (MTM), and other e-consult services to answer medication-related questions. The VA telepharmacy provides services for medical conditions such as heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, thyroid abnormalities, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Moreover, telepharmacy services have expanded outside primary care to include other
TH-EF-BRA-02: Patient-Specific Dose Maps for CT Scans Using a Fast, Deterministic Boltzmann Transport Equation Solver

Purpose: To develop a rapid and accurate software tool for computing patient-specific radiation dose maps of dose delivered from kV computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: Monte Carlo methods currently provide the gold-standard for calculating patient-specific dose maps, but require immense computational resources to achieve sufficiently high statistical accuracy. To overcome this limitation, a deterministic method was implemented to solve the same underlying Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) that governs particle interactions and transport. Phase-space was discretized according to spatial location, energy, and angle, and a deterministic finite element algorithm was applied to compute the object’s photon fluence distribution, which does not exhibit stochastic noise. A computationally efficient GPU implementation for a standard workstation was developed, and comparison was made between the performance of the deterministic BTE solver and a standard Monte Carlo algorithm for a cone-beam projection of a virtual anthropomorphic chest phantom. Results: The BTE solution and Monte Carlo results were in strong agreement with a relative root-mean square error (RMSE) of 3.47%. Some larger differences existed at high-contrast boundaries (e.g., air/water) and within the bone, and are under further investigation. Notably, the computation time of the BTE solver was 8 seconds, while to obtain the same level of statistical uncertainty with conventional Monte Carlo required 1200 CPU-hours. Additionally, unlike Monte Carlo, the BTE computation time is only weakly dependent on the number of sources, making it extremely well-suited for CT dose calculations. Therefore, the BTE-based method is expected to offer a >30,000x speed increase compared to Monte Carlo for entire CT scans, even after application of variance reduction techniques and GPU implementation. Conclusion: The novel deterministic BTE solver offers a significantly faster alternative to Monte Carlo-based methods for computing dose delivered by CT scans, which can enable estimation of patient-specific organ doses for each CT examination performed. Adam Wang, Alex Maslowski, Todd Wareing, and Josh Star-Lack are employees of Varian Medical Systems.
Physicochemical studies on a lipopolysaccharide from the cell wall of Azotobacter vinelandii.

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide prepared from the cell wall of Azotobacter vinelandii was found to consist of two polydisperse components: s20 = 8 to 16 S and s20 = 70 to 100 S. Treatment of this material with ethylenediaminetetraacetate resulted in dissociation into a smaller homogeneous unit with a molecular weight of 134,000 daltons. Subsequent dialysis in the presence of CaCl2 produced a reassociated polymer with a molecular weight of 873,000 daltons. Dissociation of the lipopolysaccharide was also effected by dodecyl sulfate. The smallest subunit, obtained by the combined action of dodecyl sulfate and ethylenediaminetetraacetate, had a molecular weight of 65,600 daltons when corrected for binding of dodecyl sulfate. Equilibrium and velocity sedimentation and viscosity measurements characterize both the dissociated and reassociated species as relatively homogeneous, highly asymmetric particles. The hydrogen ion titration curve has clearly identifiable segments due to the titration of carboxyl and amino groups. The latter appear to have a lower intrinsic pK than expected from the partially known structure. The lipopolysaccharide was shown to contain phosphate, glucose, and a 2-keto-3-deoxy sugar. Ribose, rhamnose, and hexosamine were identified tentatively.
iShare – open internet sharing built on peer-to-peer and web

This paper presents design concepts and implementation overview of an Internet-sharing system, iShare. iShare supports end users as well as providers of Internet resources in disseminating, accessing and using these resources, in a way that allows open participation. A fully decentralized organization allows providers to simply post their resources on any web page, imposing no restrictions on resources attributes, administrative rules, and access protocols. Underneath its user surface it employs peer-to-peer information dissemination, advanced resource matching, open migration, and automatic service portal mechanisms. In addition to the qualitative comparison with related work, we evaluate the system in terms its efficiency of resource discovery and job execution.
Resurrecting the 1938 St. Louis Post-dispatch symposium on the freedom of the press: Examining its contributions and their implications for today

In 1938, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch convened a symposium on the freedom of the press in response to a letter from President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The President hoped to have a “national symposium” to discuss whether a free press could truly exist in a for-profit media system. The Symposium on the Freedom of the Press brought together 120 public intellectuals to discuss the matter. Here, I attempt to reacquaint scholars with this forgotten collection of contributions on the subject. I specifically focus my analysis on two major themes: the way contributors define public interest and their response to Roosevelt's question as to whether a newspaper could only be edited in the interests of the “counting room,” as he put it.
Correction to “NF3, the greenhouse gas missing from Kyoto”

Click Here GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37, L11807, doi:10.1029/2010GL043831, 2010 for Full Article Correction to “NF 3 , the greenhouse gas missing from Kyoto” Michael J. Prather 1 and Juno Hsu 1 Received 30 April 2010; published 10 June 2010. Citation: Prather, M. J., and J. Hsu (2010), Correction to “NF 3 , the greenhouse gas missing from Kyoto,” Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L11807, doi:10.1029/2010GL043831. 1. Correction to CFC‐114 Lifetime and CFC‐115 Lifetime [ 1 ] In Prather and Hsu [2008] we have mistakenly used the overall quenching rate of O( 1 D) from JPL 06‐2 [Sander et al., 2006] to compute the lifetimes of CFC‐114 and CFC‐ 115. As a result, their lifetimes are underestimated. When removing 25% physical quenching for CFC‐114 and 70% for CFC‐115 from the total quenching rate (see notes A48 and A49 in JPL 06‐2), the lifetime is corrected to 190 years for CFC‐114 and to 1020 years for CFC‐115. Table 1 in Prather and Hsu [2008] is revised in this note with correct CFC‐114 and CFC‐115 lifetimes. [ 2 ] Acknowledgments. We thank Vladimir Orkin and Dr. Michael Kurylo for graciously pointing out our misreading in (O 1 D) reaction rate with CFC‐114 and ‐115. References Forster, P. V., P. Artaxo, T. Bernstsen, R. Betts, D. W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D. C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz, and R. Van Dorland (2007), Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing, in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by S. Solomon et. al., pp. 129–235, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K. Prather, M. J., and J. Hsu (2008), NF 3 , the greenhouse gas missing from Kyoto, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12810, doi:10.1029/2008GL034542. Sander, S. P., et al. (2006), Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in atmospheric studies, JPL Publ., 06‐2. Table 1. Atmospheric Budget Lifetimes (given in years) of Fluorianted Gases From UCI CTM With and Without O( 1 D) Reactions Compared to IPCC (Forster et al. [2007]). The lifetimes of CFC‐114 and CFC‐115 with O( 1 D) are corrected from those published in Prather and Hsu [2008] Gas UCI Without O( 1 D) UCI With O( 1 D) IPCC NF 3 CFC‐11(CFCl 3 ) CFC‐12(CF 2 Cl 2 ) CFC‐113(CF 2 ClCFCl 2 ) CFC‐114(CF 2 ClCF 2 Cl) CFC‐115(CF 3 CF 2 Cl) Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union. 0094‐8276/10/2010GL043831 L11807 1 of 1
Dynamic sound localization in cats

Sound localization in cats and humans relies on head-centered acoustic cues. Studies have shown that humans are able to localize sounds during rapid head movements that are directed toward the target or other objects of interest. We studied whether cats are able to utilize similar dynamic acoustic cues to localize acoustic targets delivered during rapid eye-head gaze shifts. We trained cats with visual-auditory two-step tasks in which we presented a brief sound burst during saccadic eye-head gaze shifts toward a prior visual target. No consistent or significant differences in accuracy or precision were found between this dynamic task (2-step saccade) and the comparable static task (single saccade when the head is stable) in either horizontal or vertical direction. Cats appear to be able to process dynamic auditory cues and execute complex motor adjustments to accurately localize auditory targets during rapid eye-head gaze shifts.
Gradient-based routing in sensor networks

A distributed sensor network (DSN) consists of sensor nodes with limited energy source, sensor devices, short-range radio and on-board processing capability. Sensing capability of the attached sensing devices and their small size, make these sensor nodes highly suitable for environmental monitoring. But characteristics of sensor nodes, e.g., expensive wireless communication, high probability of failure or malfunction and the unstructured nature of DSN, make routing in DSN a challenging problem. Traditional routing protocols in DSN are based mostly on flooding (Directed Diffusion[1]) or random-walk (Rumor routing [1], ACQUIRE [3], etc.). Flooding causes huge communication overhead due to frequent route discovery, especially for one-shot query and for large-scale networks. Though asymptotically, random-walk shows good performance, in practice it causes high latency and without directionality and proper TTL, sometimes fails to find resource. We note that many physical phenomena follow decay law. For example, if some location’s temperature is 100C, then nearby locations temperature should be correlated with that based on distance. So, routing protocols can use this natural gradient as an important attribute to forward the query towards source. A proactive informative driven protocol is proposed in [4] for querying and routing in sensor net. It uses proactive information utility measurement to select optimal node and guide query routing, which creates extra overhead at low query rate due to exchange of information between neighbors and leader. Also that protocol does not handle scenarios with local maxima or minima or multiple sources. To overcome these limitations, in this paper we propose a novel energy efficient, fully distributed and reactive routing protocol based on gradient of event’s effect for environmental monitoring sensor networks. Our protocol handles local and isolated maxima or hole of information using simulated annealing concepts.
An ultra-high resolution Ge(Li) spectrometer for singles and coincidence x-ray and gamma-ray studies☆

Abstract This paper describes the characteristics of a small (8 mm dia., depletion depth 4 mm) ultra high resolution (fwhm-450 eV at 14 keV and 1.7 keV at 1332 keV) Ge(Li) spectrometer. In particular the following were studied: resolution versus energy, the Fano factor for Ge, the full energy and K X-ray escape efficiency, and the detector linearity. Besides being used to measure singles spectra over the energy region from 6 keV to 2 MeV, the detector was used simultaneously with a high resolution Si(Li) detector to measure coincidences between Kα1, Kα2 and L X-rays.
Treatment of complex partial status epilepticus unmasking acute intermittent porphyria in a patient with resected anaplastic glioma

We report a 42-year-old woman with an established complex partial seizure disorder, who presented in refractory complex partial status epilepticus, the treatment of which with lorazepam, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and pentobarbital precipitated an attack of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). The subsequent clinical course and management with gabapentin is discussed.
Preparation and heat transfer properties of nanoparticle-in-transformer oil dispersions as advanced energy-efficient coolants

Abstract Three kinds of nanofluids are prepared by dispersing Al2O3 and AlN nanoparticles-in-transformer oil. The thermal conductivity of the nanoparticle–oil mixtures increases with particle volume fraction and thermal conductivity of the solid particle itself. The AlN nanoparticles at a volume fraction of 0.5% can increase the thermal conductivity of the transformer oil by 8% and the overall heat transfer coefficient by 20%. From the natural convection test using a prototype transformer, the cooling effect of Al2O3/AlN-oil nanofluids on the heating element and oil itself is confirmed. However, the excess quantity of surfactant has a harmful effect on viscosity, thermal property, chemical stability, and thus it is strongly recommended to control the addition of the surfactant with great care.
Smoking Is Not Associated with Severe Dysplasia or Invasive Carcinoma in Resected Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms

Introduction Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas are precursor lesions that progress to invasive cancer through progressively worsening dysplasia. Although smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, potential associations with IPMN grade of dysplasia remain unclear.
Optimal Recursive Iterative Algorithm for Discrete Nonlinear Least-Squares Estimation

The estimation algorithm developed offers an alternative to standard recursive nonlinear estimators such as the extended Kalman filter and the iterated extended Kalman filter. The algorithm, which is developed from a quadratic cost function basis, splits the problem of cost function minimization into a linear first step and a nonlinear second step by defining new first-step states that are nonlinear combinations of the unknown states. Estimates of the firststep states are obtained by minimizing the first-step cost function using a Kalman filter formulation. Estimates of the unknown, or second-step, states are obtained by minimizing the second-step cost function using an iterative Gauss-Newton algorithm. The two-step estimator is shown to be optimal for static problems in which the time variation of the measurement equation can be separated from the unknowns. This method is then generalized by approximating the nonlinearity as a perturbation of the dynamic update, while keeping the measurement cost function the same. In contrast, the extended Kalman filter and the iterated extended Kalman filter linearize the measurement cost function, resulting in suboptimal estimates. Two example applications confirm these analytical results.
Usefulness of exercise-induced ST-segment depression in the inferior leads during exercise testing as a marker for coronary artery disease

Multiple lead systems are shown to have a higher sensitivity than that of single leads for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) during exercise testing, but the value of ST-segment depression isolated to the inferior leads is questionable. To ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of inferior limb lead II compared with that of precordial lead V5, a retrospective analysis of 173 men was performed (108 in a training population and 65 in a validation cohort). All patients had a standard exercise test and underwent diagnostic coronary angiography within 15 days of the exercise test (range 1 to 65). Sixty-three patients had greater than or equal to 1 coronary stenoses greater than or equal to 70%, or left main lesion greater than or equal to 50%, whereas 45 patients in the training population did not. Exclusion criteria were female sex, left ventricular hypertrophy, left bundle branch block or resting ST-segment depression on the baseline electrocardiogram, previous myocardial infarction or revascularization procedures, and any significant valvular or congenital heart disease. Lead V5 had a better combination of sensitivity (65%) and specificity (84%) (chi-square = 24.11; p less than 0.001) than that of lead II (sensitivity 71%, specificity 44%) (chi-square = 2.25; p = 0.13) at a single cut point, and this improved specificity was substantial (95% confidence interval for observed difference 22 to 58%). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis also revealed that lead V5 (area = 0.759) was markedly superior to lead II (area = 0.582) over multiple cut points (z = 3.032; 2p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotube Composite Schottky Contacts

Schottky contacts were fabricated on composites of high molecular weight polyaniline and pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Physical and electrical characteristics of these organic composite materials were studied by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical measurements. The RMS surface roughness of the composite films was found to be 4 nm. From the IV characteristics of these composite devices, it appears that the current follows Ohm's law at lower voltages and Child's law at higher voltages, indicating a space-charge-limited emission mechanism in the presence of a distribution of shallow traps.
Stress analysis of ellipsoidal shell with radial nozzle

Abstract The thin shell equations of equilibrium in Love-Meissner form for an internally pressurized ellipsoidal vessel head with intersecting radial nozzle (flush or protruding) are solved numerically to obtain the stress distribution in both the ellipsoidal head and the nozzle. The results are presented graphically using appropriate non-dimensional parameters, as stress concentration factors at the point of intersection.
Recombinant Human BMP-2 Increases the Incidence and Rate of Healing in Complex Ankle Arthrodesis

Background Although its FDA-approved applications are limited, the pro-osteogenic benefits of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) administration have been shown in off-label surgical applications. However, the effects of rhBMP-2 on ankle fusions are insufficiently addressed in the literature, which fails to include a case-control study of adequate sample size to evaluate the efficacy of rhBMP-2 treatment.
Measurement of rectal temperature to predict ‘mastitis, metritis and alagactia’ (MMA) in Sows after farrowing

Abstract In some British pig herds, where ‘mastitis, metritis and agalactia’ (MMA) is a significant problem, farmers take sows' temperatures after farrowing and give preventive treatment to any animals with temperatures above 39.5°C. The present trial evaluates the use of sow rectal temperatures as a predictor of MMA occurence. Rectal temperatures of crossbred and purebred sows were taken morning and afternoon for 3 days before and after farrowing. Animals were observed for signs of MMA, classed as ‘severe’ (n = 2), ‘slight’ (n = 10) or ‘non’ (n = 33). The first clinical signs of MMA occured 18–40 h after farrowing. There was no significant difference in temperature among the groups before parturition. ‘Severe’ cases had significantly higher rectal temperatures than the other two groups on the morning (3.92°C vs. 38.7°C, P⩽0.05) and afternoon (39.8°C vs. 39.0°C, P ⩽ 0.01) after farrowing. The temperature predicting the onset of MMA could easily be detected in a farm situation. A rectal temperature of 99.4°C at 12–18 h after farrowing is suggested as an appropriate threshold at which to give preventibe treatment.
Abstract 3221: Bioinformatic approaches for large-scale identification and relative quantitation of N-glycosylation sites from breast cancer cell lines.

Introduction: Protein glycosylation and N-glycopeptide site occupancy can be used as disease indicators differentiating normal and cancer cells. The analysis of glycoproteins introduces additional computational challenges to the workflow. In this study, we used the high resolution and accurate mass features of the Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer combined with glycopeptide enrichment to analyze glycoprotein changes in a breast cancer cell model. We employed BYONIC, a bioinformatics search engine optimized for glycoprotein analysis. We are in the process of comparing these results with workflows involving MASCOT to identify false positive rates from the dataset. In addition; we will determine relative quantitation of the deamidated peptides with Pinpoint. Methods: We compared the expression of glycoproteins between a “benign” (MSF10A) and breast cancer (HCC70) cell line. Glycans of secreted and cell surface glycoproteins of breast cell lines (MCF10A and HCC70) were oxidized with periodate and cells lysed with a non-ionic detergent buffer. Lysates were mixed with hydrazide-modified magnetic beads to capture glycoproteins, and glycopeptides generated with trypsin and PNGaseF (results in delta mass of 0.984 for deamidated peptides). Glycopeptides were analyzed by LC/MS/MS on a Q Exactive in data dependent acquisition mode set to top12 HCD. Preliminary Results Mascot and Byonic will be used to evaluate the identification of the deamidated peptides. Currently, using MASCOT on the two cell lines, we identified 500 glycoproteins, The averaged mascot ion (e.g., ion scores of 81.0 vs. 69.1 for 2+ ions, and 67.7 vs. 53.3 for 3+ ions) gave identifications within 1% false discovery rate for the deamidated peptides searched against the 22,763 proteins related to human taxonomy via Swissprot database search. The bioinformatic approaches for identifying deamidated peptides will be evaluated with Byonic compared to the MASCOT results based on the number of identified N-linked glycopeptides; the false positive rates; speed of analysis; identification of multiple consensus sites (NX-S/T/Y) on same peptide and overall dynamic range of the identified deamidated peptides. For other comparable searches, the Byonic output with the same database search was considerably faster (10s of seconds versus several minutes for the MASCOT search). Byonic streamlines PTM searches by applying specific number of modifications per peptide to avoid combinatorial explosion; increasing the search efficiency. Citation Format: Sucharita M. Dutta, Ten-Yang Yen, John O. Semmes, Bruce Macher. Bioinformatic approaches for large-scale identification and relative quantitation of N-glycosylation sites from breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3221. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3221
Investigation of ultrasonic wave scattering by a randomly rough solid-solid interface

An imperfect interface between two dissimilar materials is modeled by a random interface profile. A theoretical study of the interaction of ultrasonic waves with the rough solid-solid interface is presented. The reflection and transmission coefficients for longitudinal and shear coherent waves are calculated as a function of the angle of incidence within the framework of a second order perturbation theory. The effects of the statistical interface parameters, as well as the interface spectral density on the scattered fields, are investigated. These results are used to determine the roughness-induced attenuation of the coherent fields as a function of the above parameters. In addition, the relation between the incoherent part of the scattering cross-section, and interface roughness is examined.
Probing the Structural and Dynamical Effects of the Charged Residues of the TZF Domain of TIS11d

A member of the TTP family of proteins, TIS11d binds RNA with high specificity using a pair of CCCH-type tandem zinc fingers separated by a 18 residue long linker. Our previous work showed that the formation of hydrogen bonds between the C-terminal residue E220 and the residues of the linker region stabilized a compact structure of TIS11d in the absence of RNA. To investigate the role of the C-terminal residues in the structure of unbound TIS11d, the E220A mutant and the truncation mutant lacking the last two residues (D219/E220) were studied using molecular dynamics, NMR spectroscopy, and biochemical methods. This study confirmed the importance of the charged residues D219 and E220 in maintaining structural stability in unbound TIS11d and elucidated the underlying physical mechanisms. We observed a greater structural heterogeneity for the residues of the linker in the molecular dynamics trajectories of both mutant proteins relative to the wild-type. This heterogeneity was more pronounced in the D219/E220 deletion mutant than in the E220A mutant, indicating that a greater reduction of the charge of the C-terminus results in greater flexibility. In agreement with the increased flexibility and the reduced number of negatively charged residues of the D219/E220 deletion mutant, we measured more unfavorable entropic and a more favorable enthalpic contribution to the free energy of RNA binding in the mutant than in the wild-type protein. The relative orientation of the zinc fingers was stabilized by the electrostatic interaction between E220 and positively charged residues of the linker in TIS11d. In the E220A mutant, the relative orientation of the zinc fingers was less constrained, whereas in the D219/E220 deletion mutant, little orientational preference was observed. We posit that favorable electrostatic interactions provide a mechanism to promote preferential orientation of separate domains without imposing structural rigidity.
Acetylenic acids from mosses.

Two new acetylenic fatty acids, 9, 12-octadecadien-6-ynoic and 11,14-eicosadien-8-ynoic, were identified from lipids of the moss,Fontinalis antipyretica. They resemble the previously identified 9,12,15-octadecatrien-6-ynoic acid by having a methylene interrupted unsaturated system. The C20 acetylenic acid shows that the capability of mosses to synthesize polyolefinic acids of this chain length applies, in certain species, also to olefinic-acetylenic acids.
Gender differences in the frequency and treatment of behavior problems in Parkinson's disease.

Objective To determine gender differences in the prevalence, survival rates, and management of noncognitive behavioral problems of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in nursing homes (NH). Methods We performed an observational study on 24,402 residents with PD using the Systematic Assessment and Geriatric drug use via Epidemiology (SAGE) database collected from the Minimum Data Set on a cross-section of over 400,000 NH residents in five US states. Gender differences in behavior were used to predict differences in pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies using logistic regression. Similar analyses were done to evaluate gender differences in 1-year survival rates among patients with PD with and without behavioral problems. Results 36% of men and 33% of women exhibited behavioral problems. Wandering, verbal and physical abusiveness, and inappropriate behavior tended to be more common in men, especially among PD residents with severe cognitive impairment. Hallucinations and delusions were equally prevalent between genders and depressive symptoms were more common in women. Regardless of behavioral manifestation, men were more likely to receive antipsychotic drugs, whereas women were more likely to receive antidepressants. This gender difference in treatment was also widest among the severely demented group. Although women lived longer, no difference in survival curves were noted between PD residents with and without behavioral problems. Conclusion Gender appears to play an important role in determining the frequency and treatment of behavioral problems of NH residents with PD.
Nucleation from Solution

The formation of crystalline solids from solution is fundamental to many natural and industrial processes. Crystallization may even be the key to the formation of life itself ( 1 ). The crystallization process begins with nucleation, which plays a central role in determining the structure and size distribution of the crystals. In the past decade, experimental and molecular modeling studies of ionic materials such as calcium carbonate, proteins, and organic molecular crystals has suggested that nucleation of solids from solution does not proceed via the classical pathway but follows much more complex routes. These routes are generally referred to as two-step nucleation, but actually encompass a number of potential mechanisms ( 2 – 4 ). On page 885 of this issue, Wallace et al. ( 5 ) use molecular simulations to probe CaCO3 nucleation. The results provide evidence for a dense liquid-liquid phase in which solvated CaCO3 clusters come together during nucleation.
Experiences of older informal caregivers to people with HIV/AIDS in Lome, Togo

This study examines the experiences of older caregivers to people living with HIV/AIDS in Lome, Togo. The authors used a mixed qualitative-quantitative design to identify several challenges faced by the elderly caregivers. They were ill prepared for the caregiving demands and overburdened by enormous financial needs of people with HIV/AIDS, having been unexpectedly thrust into the role. They felt frustration, despair, and isolation because HIV/AIDS has changed the family structures and social expectations. Also, most of them reported how caring for someone with HIV/AIDS had depleted their resources. Although they did not complain about caring for a person with HIV/AIDS, almost all wished for an institutional solution to relieve them of the burden of providing care. To alleviate the struggles of older caregivers to people with HIV/AIDS policymakers and HIV/AIDS programs need to incorporate caregivers into their policies and services.
New rare-earth double-layered-perovskite oxyfluorides, RbLnTiNbO6F (Ln = La, Pr, Nd)

Abstract New Dion–Jacobson-type double-layered oxyfluoride perovskites, RbLnTiNbO 6 F (Ln=La, Pr, Nd), have been synthesized. Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data (space group P 4/ mmm ) shows the compounds to be isostructural with RbSrNb 2 O 6 F. Curie–Weiss behavior is observed in the Pr, Nd compounds. This series further illuminates the substitutional variations, both cationic and anionic, that can be achieved within the RbLaNb 2 O 7 structure type.
Melt-Phase Synthesis and Properties of Triptycene-Containing Copolyesters

A new triptycene diol (TD), triptycene-1,4-hydroquinone-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether, was synthesized and was used to prepare a series of copolyesters with dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (1,4-DMCD) by melt polycondensation. Straight chain aliphatic spacers, including ethylene glycol (EG), 1,4-butanediol (BD), and 1,6-hexanediol (HD), were used as codiols with TD to explore the effects of straight chain flexible spacers on copolyester properties. A concomitant series of non-triptycene copolyesters based on hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (HBE), bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl] sulfone (BHPS), 1,1-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]cyclohexane (BHPC), or 1,1-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (BHPT) were prepared for comparison. The results demonstrated that the triptycene-containing polyesters in this study have higher thermal stability and higher glass transition temperatures (Tg’s) than the corresponding non-triptycene analogues. For triptycene-containing copolyesters, the mechanic...
Reactive epitaxy of beryllium on Si(1 1 1)-(7×7)

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) have been used to investigate the nucleation, growth, and structure of beryllium on Si(1 1 1)-(7×7). STM indicates that a chemical reaction occurs at temperatures as low as 120 K, resulting in a nano-clustered morphology, presumed to be composed of a beryllium silicide compound. Upon annealing to higher temperatures, PES data indicate that beryllium diffuses into the selvage region. High temperature annealing (∼1175 K) results in the formation of a universal ring cluster structure suggesting a Be–Si bond length less than 2.5 A, in agreement with previous calculations regarding hypothetical Be 2 Si.
A portable data system for reindeer herd management

A portable computer system is described which supports timely data management for reindeer herding. An initial version has been in use for two years, supporting research on reindeer diseases. Versions are being developed which will expand the system to support commercial herd management. The hardware system is integrated from commercially available equipment. The software is currently composed of a set of ten programs, with others under development for enhancements and modifications. At field roundups, the computer allows new animals to be added to the data base plus rapid access to information on existing individual animals. Historical information can be displayed, including detailed historical records of reproductive activity, medical treatments, serological exam results, and observations of anomalies (e.g. infections, injuries, etc.). In the field, or in the lab, the data base may be accessed for information on specific animals and for summaries of herd data.
Control of High-Intensity Acoustic Test Environments

Growing demand for commercial and defense satellites has resulted in a recent, dramatic increase in the demand for new high-intensity reverberant acoustic test facilities. During the past two years, three new acoustic test facilities representing a wide range of test capabilities were developed. These facilities differed significantly in the complexity of the noise generation systems, and thus the degree of spectral control that could be achieved. Control of the acoustic spectrum is accomplished by combining noise sources and components with limited capabilities into individual control bands in a manner that yields the desired overall performance. The paper shows the physical parameters involved that limit the performance capabilities of the components. Control requirements are developed for multiple bands through example calculations for an assumed acoustic facility model.
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the dipyridamole sestamibi stress test comparing arterial to vein conduits.

Study objectives: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the dipyridamole stress test (DSST) in predicting ≥ 50% obstruction of an internal mammary artery or new native coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with saphenous vein graft obstruction ≥ 50% in patients with prior coronary artery surgery and symptoms. Design: In 144 patients with prior coronary artery surgery who underwent a DSST within 8 ± 7 days of coronary angiography performed because of cardiac symptoms, we investigated the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the DSST in predicting ≥ 50% obstruction of an internal mammary artery or new native CAD (201 total arterial conduits) vs ≥ 50% obstruction of saphenous vein grafts (total saphenous grafts=246). Setting: A university hospital. Patients: The 144 patients included 88 men and 56 women, mean age 68 ± 9 years (± SD). Results: The DSST had a sensitivity of 81%, a specificity of 87%, a PPV of 84%, and a NPV of 84% in predicting ≥ 50% obstruction of an internal mammary artery or new native CAD. The DSST had a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 82%, a PPV of 86%, and a NPV of 85% in predicting ≥ 50% obstruction of saphenous vein grafts. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, PPV, or NPV of the DSST in predicting ≥ 50% obstruction of an internal mammary artery or new native CAD vs predicting ≥ 50% obstruction of saphenous vein grafts in patients with prior coronary artery surgery and cardiac symptoms.
The use of platelet-rich plasma in joint replacement surgery

Abstract The use of orthobiologics in orthopaedic surgery continues to expand. Specifically, autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is seeing increased use in a variety of clinical scenarios ranging from augmenting tendon or ligament surgery to the non-operative treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. The inherent benefits in PRP lie in the multitude of growth factors contained in platelet alpha granules that can promote tissue healing and regeneration. More recently, PRP has been used in joint replacement surgery to aid in wound healing and decreasing blood loss. These applications are more controversial and this review seeks to evaluate the basic science background and clinical evidence regarding the use of PRP in the setting of joint replacement surgery.