cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian remap treatments consistent with staggered compatible total energy conserving Lagrangian methods

We describe new methods of computing post-remap nodal and subzonal masses in Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) calculations employing the staggered energy conserving Lagrangian hydrodynamics method of Caramana et al. (1998) [12]. An important feature of this Lagrangian algorithm is the distribution of the masses to subzonal corners within each zone, which is then used to difference the momentum and energy equations such that both linear momentum and total energy are conserved. Such algorithms present challenges when employed as part of an ALE application, however, as these subzonal masses must be treated consistently through the remap phase. In this work we develop new ideas to compute the post-remap corner masses and associated mass fluxes between the nodal control volumes, such that the new corner masses (and therefore zonal and nodal masses) are consistently defined and conservation of linear momentum is ensured through the ALE step. We demonstrate applications of these ideas on examples including pure remapping and full ALE test cases.
Recurrent Secretion of Progesterone in Large Amounts: An Endocrine/Metabolic Disorder Unique to Young Women?*

I. Introduction THE purpose of this review is to examine four separate but related issues that we believe are important for an overall understanding of progesterone secretion, metabolism, and action. These four propositions are as follows: 1) Recurrent ovulation and progesterone secretion/withdrawal (and thence menstruation) for long times may not be the biological evolutionary norm for young women. 2) The recurrent secretion/withdrawal of progesterone is unique to young women (during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and during pregnancy). At these times, the rate of progesterone secretion is greater than that of any other steroid hormone in women or men. 3) Progesterone and metabolites thereof may act by way of progesterone receptor-independent mechanisms to effect physiological and possibly pathophysiological processes; and, progesterone receptor-mediated actions not yet defined may also affect the well-being of women. 4) Bioactive metabolites of progesterone (in nonconjugated form) that are produc...
Tunisia after the Uprising: Islamist and Secular Quests for Women's Rights

In the wake of the popular uprising in Tunisia, secular women's rights activists and Islamists have to come to terms with past privileges and injustices. Despite individual persecution, secular groups generally benefited from state support for women's rights, while most Islamists were jailed, went underground or were in exile abroad for decades. This paper is based on personal interviews conducted in the summer of 2011 with representatives of various women's and human rights organizations and Islamists from the An-Nahda party. As post-revolution events are still unfolding, the paper offers insights into the current state of gender discourse.
Mechanisms for laser control of chemical reactions

During the past several years, a new technique for realistic simulations of the interaction of light with matter has been developed and employed. Recent simulations of laser pulses interacting with molecules clearly demonstrate the potential for control of chemical reactions through various mechanisms, which include the following: (i) excitation of electrons to states that have different bonding properties; (ii) control of electron populations through a coherent pump-pulse, control-pulse sequence; and (iii) control of molecular vibrations through a pump-control sequence. Significant chemical insights are gained when one can watch a realistic animation of species interacting and reacting. One can monitor the time evolution of electronic states and their occupancy, as well as the motion of the atoms. One can also observe the evolution from reactants to products through transition states. Finally, one can determine how this evolution is affected by the various properties of the laser pulses, including intens...
Native American Values and Management Education: Envisioning an Inclusive Virtuous Circle

Circles are symbols of interconnectedness. Behavioral circles can be vicious or virtuous. Many American Indians are caught in a vicious circle of exclusion from the purported benefits of Westernization, entrapment in its negative elements, and the ongoing undermining of their culture and thus their identities. Yet Native Americans, along with many indigenous peoples the world over, are holding fast to traditional values. Indigenous knowledge systems include spiritual orientations that, in the face of the social and environmental issues facing humanity, may provide an alternative set of values for generating life-enhancing business behavior. The authors introduce management educators to Native American values generally and specifically to four traditional Lakota values: bravery, generosity, fortitude, and wisdom. Management education might move toward to an inclusive, virtuous circle through respect for Native American values as an equally valid alternative to dominant management values.
[Co(terpy)2] [NO3]2ṡ2H2O: Tetragonal Compression with Elongated Equatorial Bonds

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the dihydrate of [Co(terpy)2] [NO3]2 was determined. The complex crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I4/a with a = 12.408(2) and c = 38.867(6) A. The structure was refined using 2272 independent reflections to a final R = 0.058 and Rw = 0.081. The structure consists of Co(terpy)22+ cations, disordered NO3− anions, and two watet molecules of crystallization. The cation exhibits compression along the molecular z axis along with significant elongation along the x and y axes with almost identical bond lengths (2.189(3) and 2.180(3) A). These are the longest CoN bonds observed in a cobalt(lI) bis- terpyridine complex to date.
The Refraction of X-Rays in Prisms of Various Materials

The method consisted in the use of the "double x-ray spectrometer" for measuring the extremely small changes in angle produced by refraction in prisms, which were placed between two crystals. The rocking curves from the second crystal were from 6 to 10 seconds of arc wide at half maximum and, under favorable temperature conditions, a shift of.2 seconds could be detected. Two different wave-lengths of x-rays and prisms of various materials were used. The values of $\ensuremath{\delta}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$, where $\ensuremath{\delta}=1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}$, are as follows: These results agree with the Lorentz dispersion formula within experimental error. In the case of certain materials, notably graphite, the curves from the second crystal were extremely broad (20 to 50 seconds), caused by internal refraction due to the granular structure. This seems of interest with respect to the possibility of comparing internal arrangements of particles in various samples, though nothing of that sort was attempted here.
Toward application of conformal decomposition finite elements to non‐colloidal particle suspensions

SUMMARY Particle suspensions play an important role in many engineering applications, yet their behavior in a number of respects remains poorly understood. In conjunction with careful experiments, modeling and simulation of these systems can provide key insight into their complex behavior. However, these two-phase systems pose the challenge of simultaneously, accurately, and efficiently capturing the complex geometric structure, kinematics, and dynamics of the particulate discrete phase and the discontinuities it introduces into the variables (e.g., velocity, pressure, density) of the continuous phase. To this end, a new conformal decomposition finite element method (CDFEM) is introduced for solid particles in a viscous fluid. The method is verified in several simple test problems that are representative of aspects of particle suspension behavior. In all cases, we find the CDFEM to perform accurately and efficiently leading to the conclusion that it forms a prime candidate for application to the full direct numerical simulation of particle suspensions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social Justice: A Long-Term Challenge for Counseling Psychology:

Counseling psychology has a long history of interest and commitment to social justice and multicultural issues. This article discusses some of that history and, in addition, speaks to specifics of implementing a liberation psychology frame of reference into clinical practice along with the issues of implementation and challenges faced by those of a social justice orientation. The authors support the position of Vera and Speight (2003 [this issue]) but point to (a) the need to avoid ahistoricism as practitioners work with social justice and (b) the need for awareness that the multicultural competencies themselves represent a major social justice organizational intervention.
Managing Sanitation in Protected Areas: Problems and Challenges in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal

Himalaya (formerly Himalaya Research Bulletin) is a fully open access journal published by the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies. The journal can be found at http://himalayajournal.org/. The journal's archive of issues can be found at http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/.
How to Infer Belief from Knowledge

Can knowledge be justified true belief? It may seem unlikely. For aside from the most serious problem with it (the justification requirement), that knowledge (that p) even entails belief (that p) has often been doubted. Zeno Vendler (1972, Chapter V) has recently carried this doubt to the extreme, not just appealing to ordinary usage but bringing to bear a likely scientific account of the relevant linguistic facts. Vendler purports to show that there is a grammar theoretic defense of the thesis that “What is known may be something that cannot be believed or disbelieved at all” (pp. 90–91). So, even if “... it is nonsense to say one knows that p but does not believe it” (p. 90), it is not the nonsense of believing a contradiction. Rather, it is nonsense either way—to believe or disbelieve what is known nonsense because ungrammatical (when said) and ill-formed (when purportedly thought).
Computing Minimal Surfaces via Level Set Curvature Flow

Given a fixed closed curve or curves in $R\sp3$, there is an associated problem of finding a surface with mean curvature zero which has that curve or curves as its boundary. In this paper, a new approach to numerically solving the minimal surface problem is introduced. The surface is represented as a level set of a global function $\Phi:R\sp3\to R$. The family of surfaces evolve in time according to mean curvature flow. A solution is found when a steady state condition is achieved. A new system of interpolatory boundary conditions are used to maintain the connection between the surface and the fixed boundary contour. Several computer surfaces are shown including examples of topological changes.
Computing equilibria via nonconvex programming

Abstract : The problem of determining a vector that places a system in a state of equilibrium is studied with the aid of mathematical programming. The approach derives from the logical equivalence between the general equilibrium problem and the complementarity problem. When the excess demand function g(x) meets certain separability conditions, equilibrium solutions are obtained by using an established branch and bound algorithm. Because the best upper bound is known at the outset, an independent check for convergence can be made at each iteration of the algorithm, thereby greatly increasing its efficiency. A number of examples drawn from economic and network theory are presented in order to demonstrate the computational aspects of the approach. The results appear promising for a wide range of problem sizes and types, with solutions occurring in a relatively small number of iterations.
Proxy-quality thresholds: Theory and applications

We consider alternative models of a regression containing a proxy for an unobserved regressor. For each model at most two pieces of prior information are necessary to determine the sign of any regressor coefficient: the sign of the partial correlation between the proxy and the unobserved regressor, and a lower bound on the partial or simple correlation between the proxy and the unobserved regressor. We apply our technique to investment and leverage regressions that contain a proxy for the incentive to invest. In both cases proxy quality must be high for the coefficient of interest to be non-zero.
VIX: Virtual Input Crossbar for Efficient Switch Allocation

Separable allocators in on-chip routers perform switch allocation in two stages that often make uncoordinated decisions resulting in sub-optimal switch allocation. We propose Virtual Input Crossbars (VIX), where more than one virtual channel (VC) of an input port is connected to the crossbar. VIX improves switch allocation by allowing more than one input VC of an input port to transmit flits in the same cycle. Also, more input VCs can participate in the output arbitration, reducing the chances of uncoordinated decisions. VIX improves network throughput by more than 15% for the topologies studied without affecting the router critical path.
Gaussian source coding with spherical codes

A fixed-rate shape-gain quantizer for the memoryless Gaussian source is proposed. The shape quantizer is constructed from wrapped spherical codes that map a sphere packing in /spl Ropf//sup k-1/ onto a sphere in /spl Ropf//sup k/, and the gain codebook is a globally optimal scalar quantizer. A wrapped Leech lattice shape quantizer is used to demonstrate a signal-to-quantization-noise ratio within 1 dB of the distortion-rate function for rates above 1 bit per sample, and an improvement over existing techniques of similar complexity. An asymptotic analysis of the tradeoff between gain quantization and shape quantization is also given.
Language evolution: Body of evidence?

Our computational studies of infant language learning estimate the inherent difficulty of Arbib's proposal. We show that body language provides a strikingly helpful scaffold for learning language that may be necessary but not sufficient, given the absence of sophisticated language in other species. The extraordinary language abilities of Homo sapiens must have evolved from other pressures, such as sexual selection.
Access, Achievement, and Social Capital: Standardized Exams and the Latino College-Bound Population:

This exploratory study illustrates the differences in achievement between Latino college-bound students compared to their White counterparts with respect to key background and achievement variables. This research presents the gaps in “inputs” that Latino students possess regarding disparate income, parent education levels, access to Advanced Placement courses, and performance on standardized exams. The author presents descriptive statistics on college-going students, comparing Latino students to other high school test takers in the country.
Calcium Supplements and Heart Disease

Calcium Supplements and Heart Disease Calcium supplements are widely used in the United States and other developed nations traditionally to avoid osteopenia and its complications, but now often given along with vitamin D supplementation, for maintenance of optimum health for other physiologic processes. Concern has been expressed that calcium supplementation may increase the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease. The data is conflicting.
Juno II satellite power supplies

Power supplies consisting of solar cells and rechargeable batteries were designed and integrated into a system for furnishing continuous, long-duration electric power to the instrumentation aboard the various Juno II satellites. For the shorter-duration satellites, boosted by Juno II vehicles, mercury batteries alone were used as power supplies
Extrusions of dibromocarbene under neutral conditions

The thermal and photochemical decompositions of 5 have been studied. Both reactions lead to CBr2 transfer in good to high yields. With the 2-pentenes as substrates, CBr2 transfer is stereospecific in the classical singlet carbene manner.
OFDM MIMO radar design for low-angle tracking using mutual information

We develop an information theoretic waveform design algorithm for target tracking in the presence of multipath. We employ a co-located multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar configuration using wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signalling scheme. Apart from the frequency diversity provided by OFDM, we also exploit polarization to resolve the multipath signals by using polarization-sensitive transceivers. Thus, we can track the scattering coefficients of the target at different frequencies along with its position and velocity. We apply a sequential Monte Carlo method (particle filter) to track the target, while integrating an optimal waveform design technique based on mutual information criterion. Our numerical examples demonstrate the achieved performance improvement due to the adaptive waveform design.
Kernels for longitudinal data with variable sequence length and sampling intervals

We develop several kernel methods for classification of longitudinal data and apply them to detect cognitive decline in the elderly. We first develop mixed-effects models, a type of hierarchical empirical Bayes generative models, for the time series. After demonstrating their utility in likelihood ratio classifiers (and the improvement over standard regression models for such classifiers), we develop novel Fisher kernels based on mixture of mixed-effects models and use them in support vector machine classifiers. The hierarchical generative model allows us to handle variations in sequence length and sampling interval gracefully. We also give nonparametric kernels not based on generative models, but rather on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. We apply the methods to detecting cognitive decline from longitudinal clinical data on motor and neuropsychological tests. The likelihood ratio classifiers based on the neuropsychological tests perform better than than classifiers based on the motor behavior. Discriminant classifiers performed better than likelihood ratio classifiers for the motor behavior tests.
Misleading Betas: An Educational Example.

The dual-beta model is a generalization of the CAPM model. In the dual-beta model, separate beta estimates are provided for up-market and down-market days. This paper uses the historical “Anscombe quartet” results willustrated how very different datasets can produce the same regression coefficients to motivate a discussion of the dual-beta model. Using data from 39 mutual funds, it is shown how very different dual-beta models can lead to the same CAPM beta estimates, much like the Anscombe quartet scenarios.
Enhanced Faraday rotation in hybrid magneto-optical metamaterial structure of bismuth-substituted-iron-garnet with embedded-gold-wires

We propose an alternative class of magneto-optical metamaterials offering enhanced angle of rotation in polarization compared to pure magneto-optical materials. In this approach, the permittivity tensor of a magneto-optical material is tailored by embedded wire meshes. We show that the angle of rotation in the magneto-optical metamaterial can be enhanced up to 9 times compared to pure magneto-optical material alone, while the polarization extinction ratio remains below −20dB over more than 2 THz bandwidth and the attenuation coefficient is approximately 1.5dB μm−1.
Senior care clerkship: an innovative collaboration of pharmaceutical care and learning.

OBJECTIVE To describe an advanced senior care practice experience (clerkship) that provides geriatric specialty training and outreach services. SETTING Assisted living facility (ALF) and an adjoining medical clinic. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION This report describes an experiential training program for doctor of pharmacy students taking place in a multidisciplinary setting involving a multiethnic population. PRACTICE INNOVATION Students participate in activities in three settings--ALF, community, and ambulatory clinic. In the ALF, students conduct medication regimen review and provide recommendations in medication therapy, administer influenza vaccinations and participate in staff education. Clinic-based training includes anticoagulation, asthma, and diabetes management. Community outreach activities include hypertension monitoring, brown-bag medication reviews, and home visits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Documentation of students' participation and pharmaceutical care activities included the number of letters, and the number and types of medication recommendations sent to the providers, the providers' response to these recommendations, the changes in immunization rates, and number of older adults who received care from the students. RESULTS Twenty-four students completed the clerkship over three years. They sent 154 letters to 50 physicians with 287 recommendations involving the care of 118 ALF residents and improved the average annual vaccination rate in the ALF to 68%, compared with zero before student involvement. In the clinic, students provided services to 125 patients under a preceptor's supervision during a 30-month period. In the community setting, a weekly average of 35 elders participated in student-conducted pharmaceutical activities. CONCLUSION Overall, the clerkship was a successful collaboration of learning and provision of care. The students were successful in improving the medication therapy of senior adults in the three settings.
Cantharidin Levels in Blister Beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) Associated with Alfalfa in Colorado

Livestock poisoning sometimes occurs when animals are fed alfalfa hay containing dead blister beetles. The toxin found in blister beetles, cantharidin, was measured in six species of Epicauta that feed on Colorado alfalfa, and compared with that of three blister beetles from other genera not usually associated with alfalfa. Significant differences in cantharidin concentrations were found among species. The most common blister beetles, Epicauta pennsylvanica (De Geer) and E. maculata (Say), had low (ca. 0.2 mg per beetle) and moderate (ca. 0.7 mg per beetle) levels of cantharidin, respectively. E. immaculata (Say), which was sporadically abundant in southeast Colorado, had high (ca. 4.8 mg per beetle) levels of cantharidin. Females had a significantly lower concentration (percentage of dry weight) of cantharidin. The number of beetles needed to induce mortality was estimated for horses of various weights ingesting beetles with various cantharidin levels.
Comparison of Low Temperature Photoluminescence of Bulk MBE Grown AlGaAs and GaAs Using a Graphite Generated Dimerb Versus a Standard Tetramer Arsenic Group-V Source

The carbon concentrations in GaAs and AlGaAs grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) have been studied when a graphite generated dimeric arsenic species and a standard tetramer arsenic species are used as the group-V source. Photoluminescence and Van der Pauw-Hall measurements have been made to examine the material quality in reference to which arsenic species is used for film growth. Results indicate that a graphite crucible arrangement for the thermal cracking of As, produces significant carbon contamination and is unacceptable for the MBE growth of GaAs and AlGaAs.
DECREASED PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION INDUCED BY ANOXIA IN PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES

Anoxia-induced depletion of cellular ATP may affect the degree of protein phosphorylation due to kinase inhibition. In this study, protein phosphorylation was measured in rabbit kidney proximal tubules under normoxic or anoxic conditions in a medium containing 32P. During the first 20 min of normoxia, phosphate incorporation was linear, averaging 17 +/- 5 pmol.mg protein-1.min-1 and was 70% inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine chloride. Phosphorylation measurements initiated simultaneously with anoxic conditions (95% N2-5% CO2) significantly reduced the initial rate to 58% of control, saturating after 15 min, and reaching 28 +/- 5% of the normoxic value after 60 min of incubation. The phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A did not affect the initial rate of phosphate incorporation by anoxic tubules but increased phosphate incorporation at 60 min to 43 +/- 4% of normoxia. Addition of 32P after 15 min of anoxia abolished phosphate incorporation, demonstrating that kinase activity was completely inhibited. Cellular phosphate uptake was measured and found not to be rate limiting for phosphorylation. Chelerythrine chloride increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release during normoxia, and calyculin A decreased anoxia-induced LDH release, suggesting that protein phosphorylation events may control plasma membrane permeability.
Brachial Plexus Treatment

Brachial plexus injuries are devastating injuries that affect primarily young healthy males. For the total plexus injury, current surgical treatments have failed to achieve normal restoration of limb function but some practical goals are obtainable. This review article summarizes existing logic and approach for managing these catastrophic injuries.
Fertility Conditions Associated with Cancer Development

Male infertility lies at the intersection of genetic determinants and environmental effects. Although the exact genetic mechanisms of male infertility are still unclear, the associations between male infertility and medical diseases including cancer are clear. The advent of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has allowed men to bypass urologic care to achieve their family planning goals at a time when testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in industrialized nations are increasing and semen quality is arguably decreasing. Data suggests that male reproductive failure may be a harbinger of future urologic diseases, including testis and prostate cancer, thus emphasizing the importance of dedicated urologic evaluation and care for all male infertility patients.
The long-term impact of channel stabilization using gabion structures on Zealand River, New Hampshire

Abstract Zealand River, NH contains the second oldest major stream-stabilization project in the U.S. that extensively used gabions, which are stone-filled, wire-mesh baskets used to construct revetment walls, grade-control sills, or groin deflectors. In 2014, a study was conducted on a 4.5-km stretch of river to determine the status of gabion structures installed from 1960 to 1963, and the impact of those gabions on geomorphic channel stability. Longitudinal profiles, cross-sectional surveys and field observations provide evidence of channel incision, narrowing and avulsions at collapsed walls. Gabion sills failed first, which allowed 1–2 m of localized incision that undercut gabion walls, which then toppled into the eroded channel. Corrosion and abrasion by bedload movement, floating large wood and winter ice enhanced failure of gabion structures by breaking wire at the base of walls. Gabions with broken wires often spilled their rock fill and lost their structural integrity. Although gabions were intended to stabilize the river, they enhanced vertical channel incision, failed to prevent bank instability, and created localized channel widening and avulsions associated with depositional reaches.
Hybrid Adaptive Receive Processing for Multistatic Radar

For multiple radars operating within the same spectrum, the resulting mutual interference can severely degrade sensitivity. Recently, the multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) algorithm has demonstrated the ability to partially suppress multistatic interference to better estimate the illuminated range profiles. This estimation is accomplished by jointly determining, in an MMSE sense, the range cell complex amplitudes associated with each of the received radar waveforms. As the number of received radar signals increases, the residual error after the application of MAPC increases as well. However, instead of jointly estimating all the received signals, one may wish to selectively minimize the residual error for a particular received radar (e.g. the monostatic returns from the co-located transmitter). In this paper, selective error minimization is achieved by utilizing a MAPC-based variant of the CLEAN algorithm. The resulting hybrid CLEAN algorithm is shown to provide significant sensitivity improvement over MAPC alone.
DC circuit model of a memristor

We present a dc circuit model of a memristor based on the reported I-V data [1]. The method described here can easily be implemented to realize memristor based circuitry that serve different application platforms fabricated using any material combination.
A lightweight container-based virtual time system for software-defined network emulation

Container-based network emulation offers high fidelity and a scalable testing environment to bridge the gap between research ideas and real-world network applications. However, containers take their notions of time from the physical system clock, and thus the time-stamped events from different containers are multiplexed to reflect the scheduling serialization by the Linux operating system. Conjoining the emulator and other simulators is also challenging due to the difficulties of synchronizing the virtual simulation clock with the physical system clock. Virtual time systems for network emulation shed light on both issues. In this paper, we develop a lightweight container-based virtual time system in Linux Kernel. We use time dilation to trade time with system resources by precisely scaling the time of interactions between containers and physical devices. We develop a time freezer to enable the precise pause and resume of an emulation experiment, which offers the virtual time support to interface with simulators for close synchronization. We integrate the virtual time system into a software-defined networking emulator, Mininet, and evaluate the system accuracy, scalability, and overhead. Finally, we use the virtual-time-enabled emulation testbed to conduct a case study of equal-cost multi-path routing protocol analysis in a data center network.
DPW-VI Results Using FUN3D with Focus on k-kL-MEAH2015 (k-kL) Turbulence Model

The Common Research Model wing-body configuration is investigated with the k-kL-MEAH2015 turbulence model implemented in FUN3D. This includes results presented at the Sixth Drag Prediction Workshop and additional results generated after the workshop with a nonlinear Quadratic Constitutive Relation (QCR) variant of the same turbulence model. The workshop provided grids are used, and a uniform grid refinement study is performed at the design condition. A large variation between results with and without a reconstruction limiter is exhibited on "medium" grid sizes, indicating that the medium grid size is too coarse for drawing conclusions in comparison with experiment. This variation is reduced with grid refinement. At a fixed angle of attack near design conditions, the QCR variant yielded decreased lift and drag compared with the linear eddy-viscosity model by an amount that was approximately constant with grid refinement. The k-kL-MEAH2015 turbulence model produced wing root junction flow behavior consistent with wind tunnel observations.
Beyond Patient Safety to Optimal Health

A journal author argues that the current health system puts too much emphasis on patient safety when our resources should instead be aimed at the programs and activities that will result in the greatest overall improvement in patient health. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Stapes prosthesis length and hearing outcomes.

Objectives First, to determine if prosthesis length plays a role in optimizing successful hearing outcomes in stapedotomy surgery; and second, to determine if patient factors such as height are correlated with prosthesis length. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing stapedotomy surgeries with adequate follow up. Length of prosthesis, pre-/postoperative audiograms, and follow-up data were obtained. Results The primary group consisted of 227 cases. The prosthesis length ranged from 3.75 mm to 4.75 mm (median 4.25 mm). The greatest improvement in postoperative air–bone gap (ABG) occurred in the 4.25 mm group, and the least in the 3.75 mm group. Patient height showed a positive, although weak, correlation with prosthesis length. No findings reached statistical significance. Conclusion Accurate measurement of prosthesis length is important for successful postoperative hearing outcomes. There is a positive but not significant correlation between patient height and prosthesis length. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2017
Three Challenges for Politics and Technology Development: Organizational Complexity, Virtuality, and Design Values

The democratic process is in chaos in many nations. What role has technology played in this to date, and what are realistic goals for the role of technology in the future? How can we best design and develop technologies to support democratic process with participation from community members? How can we learn from deployments and help communities adapt to actual uses and results? These elements of the talk will be illustrated with examples from different community projects we have done together, including a crowd sourced voter deliberation platform, a virtual assembly site for Occupy Wall Street, and a planned international thought network to address related problems of economy, environment, and democracy.
English transitive particle verbs: Particle placement and idiomaticity

Adopting the Cognitive Linguistic (CL) framework, this study focuses on the particle placement phenomenon of English transitive particle verbs and its relationship with idiomaticity. Construal is argued to play a key role in determining which order a transitive particle verb should take. When a caused motion event or state change event is construed sequentially, the discontinuous order is taken to emphasize the final resultant state of the object. When the holistic construal is taken to view the same situation, the continuous order is adopted to profile the object or the interaction between the subject and the object. The holistic construal requires two conditions. First, the particle has a dynamic sense. It can designate both the process and the endpoint of motion. Second, the final state denoted by the particle is directly caused by the action denoted by the verb. In contrast, the sequential construal is allowed as long as a causal link can be established between the two participants under discussion or between the verb and the state change of one participant. In addition, the present study argues that the particle placement of idiomatic particle verbs depends on the processes in which the particle verb has developed its idiomaticity. If the idiomatic meaning develops from the inference associated with the sequential construal, the discontinuous order is preferred. On the other hand, if the idiomatic meaning is based on the holistic construal, the continuous order is then preferred. Moreover, item-by-item analyses of particle verbs that only allow one order listed in the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs provide corpus-based support to the CL view of the relationship between construal, particle placement, and idiomaticity proposed in this study.
Performance and risk to light-framed wood residential buildings subjected to tornadoes

Abstract Light-framed residential wood buildings constitute the majority of residential construction in the U.S. These buildings seldom are engineered for specific hazards. As a result, they may be inadequate to ensure life safety, let alone continued functionality during and after a severe natural hazard. The aims of this study are twofold: to assess the performance of light-frame wood residential buildings under tornado hazards, and to link performance of individual building components to building system performance so that the effect of implementing improved construction techniques can be quantified. These goals were realized through the development of detailed finite element models to capture individual building component behavior and building system performance under tornado wind pressure loading. Based on the data acquired from the finite element models, tornado wind fragilities (damage state probabilities) were developed for several building archetypes. First, typical construction quality was considered to establish a frame of reference; subsequently various improved construction techniques were considered in an effort to meet community resilience performance targets provided from concurrent research. The study shows that, while current construction practices fail to meet risk-informed building performance criteria needed to achieve community resilience goals, these goals can be achieved by modest improvements to existing construction techniques.
Entertaining Employees, Equals, Prominent Guests Either at Home, in the Office or Institution, or in a Restaurant

Entertaining is an art, but must be appropriate for the occasion, guests, and location. Be generous but not extravagant. Use tact in seating guests.
Visual pathology in animal prion diseases.

Summary. Prion diseases, also known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of slowly developing neurodegenerations occurring in human and animals. Prion diseases can be transferred between animals, humans, from humans to animals, and from animals to humans. As a result, the central nervous system is attacked, resulting in microglia activation, astrocytosis, prion plaque deposition, and neuronal degeneration. Prion also targets on the eye and brain visual system. In scrapie-infected sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD)-infected mule deer, and experimental animals infected with scrapie, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), damage has been found in the outer and inner nuclear layers of the retina, brain stem, optic nerve, optic tract, optic radiation and visual cortex. This article reviews the prion agent and infectivity in the eye and brain visual system, and the visual and oculomotor pathology in animal prion diseases. Effects of PrP genotypes and PrPSc types on visual and oculomotor disorders will be discussed. Histol Histopathol 24, 1563-1577 (2009)
Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pain in the Outpatient Setting

Although there have been dramatic changes in attitude and practice in the treatment of children’ pain in the hospital, pain management in outpatient settings is treated essentially the way it was 20 years ago. It is quite remarkable that many common illnesses and procedures universally acknowledged to be associated with significant discomfort and anxiety have received minimal research attention. In this chapter, some of the more common pain problems (minor procedures and acute illnesses) encountered in office practice are reviewed, and suggestions for pain relief based on the limited literature are offered. The following areas are addressed: (1) pain associated with immunization, the most common painful procedure in office practice; (2) pain associated with common illnesses, specifically otitis media, pharyngitis, and viral mouth infections; and (3) chronic and recurrent pains, which require an alternative paradigm than acute pain. Through the uniform use of relatively simple strategies, much of the pain associated with these common problems can be significantly reduced.
Discrete-Time Wavelets

The intention of this paper is to provide an elementary introduction to the subject of discrete-time wavelets. It defines the discrete-time wavelets and reviews their properties in a systematic and consistent way. Different kinds of orthogonality between the wavelets are addressed and the corresponding sufficient and necessary conditions are derived. It is shown when discrete-time wavelets can be samples of continuous-time wavelets. The conditions for shift-invariance of discrete-time wavelet representations are given in detail. The appearance of two biorthogonal representation sets of discrete-time wavelets from the binary subband decomposition/reconstruction of signals is pointed out. When the number of different representation scales is finite, it is shown that in order to obtain the orthogonality between wavelets, the known requirement for wavelet generating filter can be relaxed.
Ionic currents governing input-output relations of Betz cells

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the several ionic conductance and their role in shaping and modifying the repetitive firing of action potentials in large pyramidal neurons (Betz cells) from the layer V of area 4-y of cat sensorimotor cortex. To generate repetitive firing, three ionic currents are required—a fast inward current to cause the spike upstroke, a fast outward current to reset the spike, and another outward current to adequately space the spikes during low rate firing. Depolarizing a Betz cell between resting potential and spike threshold evokes two ionic currents that are unusual but prominent in Betz cells. A persistent sodium current and a slow potassium current that appears to be activated by sodium influx are the two iconic currents. Because it possesses a variety of conductances, individual Betz cell is able to compute several different output functions for a given input. The four types of firing patterns while recording extracellularly from corticomotoneuronal neurons in monkeys trained to maintain isometric torsion about their wrists after a visualcue.
A High Precision Priest Interferometer

A novel Priest-type interferometer has been built to measure small differences in expansion of fused silica. The interferometer block consists of a 3-cm. diameter cylinder, 10 cm in height, wrung onto a shorter cylinder. The sample is supported in a 0.64-cm off-axis hole. Two 5-µm diameter silica fibers and the upper curved surface of the sample provide three point contact with the semi-circular upper flat. Temperature control is accomplished by circulating fluid from a constant temperature bath through the walls of a double-walled chamber. The fringe separation is measured with an automatic counter. The apparatus is appropriate for measuring the expansion of any material having an expansion close to that of fused silica. Absolute expansions can be measured by appropriate calibration of the interferometer using specimens of known expansion.
Abstract LB-074: Examining SENP Localization In HEK-293 Cells Using MG-132 And Cycloheximide

Post translational modifications are changes to proteins that occur during or after synthesis by the ribosome. Often these modifications are necessary to form mature proteins. SUMOylation ( S mall U biquitin-like M odifier, SUMO) is a type of post translational modification that has a connection to a protein, Laminin Receptor, that contributes to the aggressiveness and proliferation of cancer. SUMO proteases, called SENPs, remove SUMO groups from SUMOylated proteins. Because Laminin Receptor may be a SUMOylated protein and is in the nucleus, we wanted to first explore how SENP-2 and SENP-3 localize under various cellular conditions. To understand the behavior of SENPs under cellular stress, we transfected human embryonic kidney cells, called HEK-293 cells, with SENP-2 or SENP-3 tagged to the fluorescent protein EGFP. We treated the cells with MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, or with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. We used live imaging to qualitatively understand how SENP-2 and SENP-3 localize in the cell in normal conditions and under cell stress. Then, we looked for differences in cytosolic and nuclear partitioning of SENP-2 and SENP-3 by western blot. The exposure of SENPs to the two inhibitors helped us to understand the behavior of the SUMO proteases between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Citation Format: Michael Robinson, Charles S. Umbaugh, Marxa L. Figueiredo. Examining SENP Localization In HEK-293 Cells Using MG-132 And Cycloheximide [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-074.
Unidirectional response in spin-torque driven magnetization dynamics

It was recently demonstrated in bilayers of permalloy and platinum, that by combining spin torques arising from the spin Hall effect with Oersted field-like torques, magnetization dynamics can be induced with a directional preference.1 This “unidirectional” magnetization dynamic effect is made possible by exploiting the different even and odd symmetry that damping-like and field-like torques respectively have when magnetization is reversed. The experimental method used to demonstrate this effect was the spin-torque ferromagnetic (ST-FMR) resonance technique; a popular tool used in the phenomenological quantification of a myriad of damping-like and field-like torques. In this report, we review the phenomenology which is used to describe and analyze the unidirectional magnetization dynamic effect in ST-FMR measurements. We will focus on how the asymmetry in the dynamics also is present in the phase angle of the magnetization precession. We conclude by demonstrating a utility of this directional effect; we will outline an improved experimental method that can be used to distinguish a phase-shifted field-like torque in a ST-FMR experiment from a combination of field-like and damping-like torques.
Black Female PA

This chapter contains a case study of a white male patient who was seen by an African-American female physician assistant.
Risk assessment and management of hepatitis B reactivation from direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C

Abstract Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has been reported in hepatitis C patients who received interferon therapy, rare cases of HBV reactivation occur in the context of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agent therapy for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Recent studies observed that the reactivations were predominantly in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients, but reactivation can rarely occur in patients who are HBsAg negative and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positive. The severity of an HBV flare varies. In some cases, severe liver injury or fulminant hepatic failure may occur. HBV reactivation may occur regardless of HCV genotype and type of DAA regimens. The onset of HBV reactivation can range from 4 to 48 weeks after initiating DAA therapy. These patients may have undetectable levels of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) prior to DAA treatment. Pre-emptive antiviral therapy for HBV should be considered in HBsAg-positive patients with high levels of viremia who are not receiving HBV treatment. If HBV DNA viral load is less than the guideline criteria for HBV treatment, one should consider pre-emptive HBV antiviral versus HBV DNA monitoring during DAA therapy. For patients who are HBsAg negative but HBcAb positive, close monitoring of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels during/post-treatment is highly recommended. The current review summarizes the recommendations of different society guidelines and discusses the appropriate management strategies in various patient profiles.
Associations of lifetime prevalence of homelessness with risky sex, sexual victimization, depressive symptoms, and suicidality among youth in Kampala, Uganda:

Homelessness poses serious health risks, and those risks may be exacerbated among slum-dwelling youth in the developing world. We administered a cross-sectional survey to youth receiving services f...
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Catalyzed by Metal Nanocatalysts

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalyzed by metal nanostructures has been studied extensively in recent years. This research has led to a better understanding of the reaction as it occurs on nanomaterial surfaces to achieve efficient conversion of CO2 to specific carbon products. This review focuses on metallic nanocatalysts designed and prepared to catalyze the electrochemical CO2RR. It also summarizes new strategies developed to further enhance catalysis at the atomic scale that lead to more efficient conversion of CO2. Active and selective conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons is an important step toward a society based on renewable energy.