cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bi-atrial thrombosis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a multisystemic disease associated with micro- and macrovascular thrombo-embolic complications, including intracardiac thrombosis, which has not been previously reported in the literature. Case summary: We report a case of a 68-year-old woman with COVID-19 admitted to our intensive care unit with acute respiratory distress, undifferentiated shock, hyperkalaemia, acute kidney injury, and coagulopathy. She received crystalloid infusion, broad-spectrum antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, insulin-dextrose, calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, and i.v. vasopressors. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was started for refractory hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. Transthoracic echocardiogram obtained for concern of pulmonary embolism found bi-atrial thrombosis with normal bi-ventricular dimensions and function. Systemic anticoagulation was provided, but this was stopped soon afterwards due to worsening coagulopathy and bleeding. Despite intensive measures and supportive therapy, the patient developed worsening hypoxia, refractory shock, and multiorgan failure. After discussion of goals of care with her family, a decision was made to initiate hospice care. The patient died within 72 h of hospital admission. Discussion: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is a multisystemic disease that primarily affects the lungs, but also predisposes to rare thrombo-embolic phenomena such as intracardiac thrombosis. © 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
Coronary-Cameral Fistula, Thebesian Veins, and Anomalous Coronary Vein on Cardiac Computed Tomography.

A 63-year-old female with a history of hypertension presented with progressively worsening shortness of breath. She underwent a cardiac catheterization and was found to have prominent Thebesian veins as well as anomalous connections between the proximal right coronary artery and the right ventricle. Cardiac computed tomography was ordered for further evaluation and showed a coronary fistula to the right ventricular outflow tract confirming the diagnosis of a coronary-cameral fistula (CCF). CCF are rare congenital anomalous communications that occur between coronary arteries and a cardiac chamber. They are usually an incidental finding and patients are rarely symptomatic. As the use of coronary computed tomography angiography is rapidly expanding, the detection of CCF will likely increase in the general population.
“It’s like dying but not being dead” U.S. newspaper journalists cope with emotional and physical toll of job losses

Since 2008, U.S. newspaper jobs have been cut 51%, forcing journalists to seek new jobs and possibly careers. This study examined how journalists who lost their newspaper jobs (N = 306) navigated t...
The role of photographic parameters in laser speckle or particle image displacement velocimetry

The parameters involved in obtaining the multiple exposure photographs in the laser speckle velocimetry method (to record the light scattering by the seeding particles) were optimized. The effects of the type, concentration, and dimensions of the tracer, the exposure conditions (time between exposures, exposure time, and number of exposures), and the sensitivity and resolution of the film on the quality of the final results were investigated, photographing an experimental flow behind an impulsively started circular cylinder. The velocity data were acquired by digital processing of Young's fringes, produced by point-by-point scanning of a photographic negative. Using the optimal photographing conditions, the errors involved in the estimation of the fringe angle and spacing were of the order of 1 percent for the spacing and +/1 deg for the fringe orientation. The resulting accuracy in the velocity was of the order of 2-3 percent of the maximum velocity in the field.
Narcotic-based sedation regimens for critically ill mechanically ventilated patients

Sedatives and analgesics are routinely used in the intensive care unit to relieve pain and anxiety. These agents have numerous side effects and may contribute to poor outcomes such as increased length of mechanical ventilation, longer ICU stays and acute and long-term cognitive dysfunction. Modifying sedation paradigms utilizing either narcotic-based regimens with remifentanil or fentanyl, or by using α2 agonists such as dexmedetomidine may help in improving these outcomes in critically ill patients.
Obesity in the Dog: Role of the Adrenal Steroid Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

It is estimated that 25-50% of pet dogs are overweight. In rodents and humans the adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been associated with loss of body weight and reduction in total body fat content. We have shown that administration of DHEA results in weight loss in spontaneously obese dogs. DHEA also lowered serum cholesterol, in particular, the low density lipoprotein component of the plasma cholesterol. We hypothesize that treatment of obese dogs with DHEA in combination with a low energy, high fiber diet will result in greater weight loss when compared with dogs on the same diet, without DHEA. In the current study, spontaneously obese dogs were fed a uniform low energy, high fiber diet and then randomized to receive DHEA or placebo. Preliminary results show that the mean total body weight lost for dogs receiving DHEA was 3.59 kg compared with 2.38 kg for dogs receiving placebo (P greater than 0.05). The percent excess body weight (above ideal body weight) lost for the DHEA group was 65.7 versus 31.4 for the placebo group (P less than 0.02). The percent excess body weight lost per month on the study for the DHEA group was 15 versus 8.2 for the placebo group (P = 0.069). Although these results are preliminary, they indicate that DHEA combined with a low energy, high fiber diet enhances the loss of excess body weight compared with diet modification alone.
Optimal control of switching times in switched dynamical systems

This paper considers an optimal control problem for switched dynamical systems, where the objective is to minimize a cost functional defined on the state, and where the control variable consists of the switching times. The gradient of the cost functional is derived on an especially simple form, which lends itself to be directly used in gradient-descent algorithms. This special structure of the gradient furthermore allows for the number of switching points to become part of the control variable, instead of being a given constant. Numerical examples testify to the viability of the proposed approach.
Inhibition of leukocyte L-selectin function with a monoclonal antibody attenuates reperfusion injury to the rabbit ear.

The leukocyte adhesion molecule L-selectin mediates neutrophil adhesive interactions with endothelial cells and is in part responsible for neutrophil rolling. We examined the role of L-selectin in ischemia-reperfusion injury of rabbit ears using a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed to a functional epitope of L-selectin. Arterial blood flow to the rabbit ear was occluded for six hours with ambient temperature at 23 degrees C to 24 degrees C. Rabbits were treated at reperfusion with saline (n = 8), the L-selectin function-blocking LAM1-3 MoAb (2 mg/kg), or the nonfunction-blocking LAM1-14 MoAb (2 mg/kg). Tissue injury was determined by measuring edema and necrosis. Edema in the LAM1-3 MoAb-treated group (peak = 25 +/- 4 mL) was significantly less (P < .05) than in saline-treated (peak = 40 +/- 8 mL) and LAM1-14 MoAb-treated (peak = 41 +/- 6 mL) groups. Tissue necrosis at 7 days was not observed in the LAM1-3 MoAb-treated group, whereas significant necrosis (P < .05) was seen in the saline- (8% +/- 3% necrosis) and LAM1-14 MoAb-treated (7% +/- 3% necrosis) group. We conclude that blocking L-selectin ameliorates necrosis and edema after ischemia and reperfusion in the rabbit ear, presumably by blocking neutrophil rolling.
Recent advances in cerebellar granule cell migration

In the developing brain, postmitotic neurons exhibit dynamic changes in mode, direction, tempo and rate of migration as they traverse different cortical layers. Such changes in cell migration require orchestrated activities of multiple guidance cues and transmembrane signals. In this article, we first describe when, where and how cerebellar granule cells alter their migratory behavior during the entire course of their migration. We then present how internal (inherent) programs regulate the sequential changes in the migratory behavior of granule cells in vitro. Finally, we discuss the roles of external guidance cues and transmembrane signals in controlling granule cell migration.
Critical Pedagogy as Public Modality: Glenn Beck's Undemocratic Defensive Citizenship

For many communication scholars, critical pedagogy has proven a valuable teaching approach intended to strengthen democracy and empower the disenfranchised. However, the pedagogical practice becomes problematic when employed as a way to help the already enfranchised maintain their privileged position. This is the very problem posed by the conservative radio and television personality Glenn Beck. As we argue here, Beck routinely used techniques associated with critical pedagogy to encourage his primarily white, middle-class audience to feel disenfranchised by their own government and a liberal intellectual elite. Instead of encouraging democratic engagement, Beck urged his audience toward antagonistic relations anathema to democracy. His ability to do this encourages us to rethink the practice of critical pedagogy as a public modality, which is to emphasize its democratic political goals. In the end, we argue that Beck's ability to ape critical pedagogy for undemocratic ends should remind communication sch...
Disability and Health: Exploring the Disablement Experience of Young Adult African Americans

AbstractPurpose: The objective of this study was to examine disablement as experienced by young adult African American men and women with permanent mobility impairment. Method: This study included a sample of 5 male and 5 female participants ranging in age from 22 to 39. An exploratory descriptive design and qualitative methods, including interviews and fieldnotes, were used. Interview data was analyzed using the process of inductive qualitative content analysis. Results: Basic desires for independence, shared intimacy, and psychological and physical health were not diminished by physical limitations. The disablement experience of this group is reflected in the themes of “Cumulative Losses” and “Sustained Desires”. The findings of this study describe the high level of motivation that young adult African American men and women with disabilities have to improve levels of health and well-being within the context of their impairments. Conclusion: This study provides a better understanding of the contextual fa...
N-cadherin promotes motility in human breast cancer cells regardless of their E-cadherin expression.

E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates calcium-dependent, homotypic cell–cell adhesion and plays a role in maintaining the normal phenotype of epithelial cells. Decreased expression of E-cadherin has been correlated with increased invasiveness of breast cancer. In other systems, inappropriate expression of a nonepithelial cadherin, such as N-cadherin, by an epithelial cell has been shown to downregulate E-cadherin expression and to contribute to a scattered phenotype. In this study, we explored the possibility that expression of nonepithelial cadherins may be correlated with increased motility and invasion in breast cancer cells. We show that N-cadherin promotes motility and invasion; that decreased expression of E-cadherin does not necessarily correlate with motility or invasion; that N-cadherin expression correlates both with invasion and motility, and likely plays a direct role in promoting motility; that forced expression of E-cadherin in invasive, N-cadherin–positive cells does not reduce their motility or invasive capacity; that forced expression of N-cadherin in noninvasive, E-cadherin–positive cells produces an invasive cell, even though these cells continue to express high levels of E-cadherin; that N-cadherin–dependent motility may be mediated by FGF receptor signaling; and that cadherin-11 promotes epithelial cell motility in a manner similar to N-cadherin.
Dilute Bose-Einstein condensate with large scattering length.

We study a dilute Bose gas of atoms whose scattering length $a$ is large compared to the range of their interaction. We calculate the energy density $E$ of a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to second order in the low-density expansion, expressing it in terms of $a$ and a second parameter ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{*}$ that determines the low-energy observables in the three-body sector. The second-order correction to $E$ has a small imaginary part that reflects the instability due to three-body recombination. In the case of a trapped BEC with large negative $a$, we calculate the coefficient of the three-body mean-field term in $E$ in terms of $a$ and ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{*}$. It can be very large if there is an Efimov state near threshold.
Possible influence of comets on the chemical evolution of the galaxy

It has been suggested by Cameron that a cloud of comets containing a mass of condensable elements, comparable to the mass of such elements in the sun, formed on the outskirts of the solar system. If the formation of such comet clouds is a general feature of star formation, they constitute a significant sink of elements heavier than helium. It is shown here that this process provides a possible explanation for the very slow rate at which the mean metal abundance of disk stars has increased during the lifetime of the Galaxy.
Expression Profiling of Cytokinin Action in Arabidopsis

The phytohormone cytokinin is an important regulator of plant growth and development; however, relatively few genes that mediate cytokinin responses have been identified. Genome-wide analyses of Arabidopsis seedlings using the approximately 8,300-element Affymetrix Arabidopsis GeneChips (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) to examine cytokinin-responsive genes were conducted, revealing at least 30 genes whose steady-state level of mRNA was elevated and at least 40 that were down-regulated at multiple time points after application of cytokinin. The cytokinin up-regulated genes include the type-A Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs), which had been shown previously to be cytokinin primary response genes, cytokinin oxidase, which encodes an enzyme that degrades cytokinins, and several transcription factors. Cytokinin down-regulated genes include several peroxidases and kinases and an E3 ubiquitin ligase. We identified a common sequence motif enriched in the upstream regions of the most consistently cytokinin up-regulated genes. This motif is highly similar to the optimal DNA-binding sites for ARR1/ARR2, type-B ARRs that have been implicated in the transcriptional elevation of the type-A ARRs. Additionally, genome-wide analyses of cytokinin receptor mutants (wol/cre1) revealed large-scale changes in gene expression, including down-regulation of the type-A ARRs and several meristem and cell cycle genes, such as CycD3. Mutations in CRE1 reduced but did not eliminate the effect of cytokinin on gene expression for a subset of cytokinin-responsive genes and had little or no effect on others, suggesting functional redundancy among the cytokinin receptors.
Dye laser-induced photodetachment of electrons from SH− studied by ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy

Abstract The photodetachment of electrons from gaseous SH− ions has been studied in an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer using a flashlamp-pumped organic dye laser as a light source. The onset of the photodetachment process at 538.7 ± 0.3 nm (2.3016 ± 0.0013 eV, 18563 ± 10 cm−1) agrees well with that obtained in an earlier study. Coarse structure in the photodetachment curve with a spacing of 11.8 nm (0.052 eV, 422 cm−1) has been identified with spin-orbit coupling in the SH. radical. Finer structure, with a spacing of ca. 2.5 nm (0.011 eV, 89 cm−1), has also been observed in the curve, but remains unexplained.
Genotyping and inflated type I error rate in genome-wide association case/control studies

One common goal of a case/control genome wide association study (GWAS) is to find SNPs associated with a disease. Traditionally, the first step in such studies is to assign a genotype to each SNP in each subject, based on a statistic summarizing fluorescence measurements. When the distributions of the summary statistics are not well separated by genotype, the act of genotype assignment can lead to more potential problems than acknowledged by the literature. Specifically, we show that the proportions of each called genotype need not equal the true proportions in the population, even as the number of subjects grows infinitely large. The called genotypes for two subjects need not be independent, even when their true genotypes are independent. Consequently, p-values from tests of association can be anti-conservative, even when the distributions of the summary statistic for the cases and controls are identical. To address these problems, we propose two new tests designed to reduce the inflation in the type I error rate caused by these problems. The first algorithm, logiCALL, measures call quality by fully exploring the likelihood profile of intensity measurements, and the second algorithm avoids genotyping by using a likelihood ratio statistic. Genotyping can introduce avoidable false positives in GWAS.
Stress distribution due to a griffith crack at the interface of an elastic half plane and a rigid foundation

Abstract The stress field in a semi-infinite elastic media bonded to a rigid foundation and containing a crack at its interface is determined. Two specific problems are discussed-first when the elastic half space is under shear such that σ xv ~ P as √( x 2 + y 2 ) → ∞ and next when the crack is opened by equal and opposite pressure on each of its sides. The solution is obtained via Fourier transforms which lead to a simultaneous set of dual integral equations containing a trigonometric kernel. It is observed that in a small region near the ends of the crack, violent oscillations occur in both the stress and displacement components.
A computer simulation of a rail network

Abstract A computer simulation of a rail segment is presented. The goal is to provide a capability for scheduling and routing with respect to predetermined objectives. The simulation is founded on a decomposition of the given line segment into fundamental units representing node to node subsegments with each node being an interlocking of the real system. A decision subroutine is activated every time a train reaches a node; all feasible options are then examined with respect to the current configuration of the system. Ultimately, it is hoped the simulation will have on-line monitoring capabilities.
A meta-analysis of randomized trials of calcium antagonists to reduce restenosis after coronary angioplasty

The usefulness of calcium antagonists to reduce restenosis after coronary angioplasty remains uncertain despite 5 randomized trials involving 919 patients. Review and meta-analysis of these trials are performed to provide insight into whether calcium antagonists reduce angiographic restenosis. In aggregate, these trials suggest that patients treated with calcium antagonists had approximately a 30% reduction in the odds of angiographic restenosis (odds ratio = 0.68; 95% confidence interval of 0.49 to 0.94, p = 0.03) compared with control patients. Given the relatively low toxicity and cost of these agents, this reduction in angiographic restenosis may translate into a meaningful clinical benefit. A large, randomized clinical trial should be performed to confirm these findings before widespread adoption of this treatment strategy.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

A 12-year-old boy with two tonic–clonic seizures coupled with pre-seizure loss of vision and blood pressure of 159/ 99 mmHg. Initial MRI shows diffuse cortical swelling and T2-W FLAIR signal hyperintensity within the cortical and subcortical white matter of the posterior parietal region (Fig. 1). Upon normalization of blood pressure 8 days later, repeat MRI demonstrates complete resolution of the white matter abnormality in the parietal lobes (Fig. 2). Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by neurological symptoms including headache,
Exploring Technology Impacts of Healthcare 2.0 Initiatives

People going online continues to increase with new tools and services such as Facebook, Flickr, and MySpace. Such tools provide profound changes in the way we communicate and share data. Personal H...
Prevention of central nervous system leukemia by irradiation.

During the past 10 years, 1962 to 1972, we have administered irradiation to the central nervous system (CNS) during the first few weeks of remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) as an integral part of a treatment plan aimed at cure of ALL. Its purpose has been to eradicate residual leukemia in the CNS and thus prevent CNS relapse. The results indicate that craniospinal irradiation alone, 2400 rads, or cranial irradiation, 2400 rads, with simultaneous intrathecal methotrexate is effective in -preventing CNS relapse. This results in marked improvement in complete remission duration and a 50% frequency of long-term leukemia-free survival and possible cure. Although intermittent intrathecal methotrexate during remission is said to reduce the incidence of CNS relapse by one half, a 15-fold reduction results from adequate preventive CNS irradiation. Until a better method is found, all children with ALL should receive adequate CNS irradiation early during remission in order to prevent CNS relapse and to prolong complete remission.
Microvascular measurements by video image shearing and splitting

Abstract A method is described for the measurement of dimensions from video displays by image splitting and shearing by electronic means only. Accuracy and repeatability are of the order of 0.5% of the video image width. The technique has the advantage that it can be adapted to provide multiple simultaneous measurements.
A randomized comparison of a rapid versus prolonged (24 hr) infusion of cisplatin in therapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A gynecologic oncology group study

In this study, 331 patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix no longer amenable to control with surgery or radiotherapy were randomized to receive cisplatin 50 mg/m2 as either a continuous infusion over 24 hr or a more rapid infusion at a rate of 1 mg/min. Antiemetic therapy was standardized for the initial course of both regimens as metoclopramide 60 mg at the time of and at 3 and 6 hours after initiation of cisplatin. The overall frequency of objective regression of disease was 18%; the response rate in each regimen was essentially identical. The continuous infusion regimen was associated with a significantly greater percentage of patients who experienced no nausea and vomiting (34% versus 18%, P = 0.002). Other adverse effects included nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, and ototoxicity. Both the frequency and severity of these were essentially the same for each regimen.
Interobserver variability and aberrant E-cadherin immunostaining of lobular neoplasia and infiltrating lobular carcinoma

The distinction between lobular neoplasia and infiltrating lobular carcinoma from ductal neoplasia and infiltrating duct carcinoma with equivocal histologic features may present a challenge as this distinction has important therapeutic implications. Although E-cadherin staining has been of value in helping to make this determination, the variability of the E-cadherin staining pattern and the immunohistochemistry techniques can be problematic in clinical practice. A total of 161 cases of breast lesions previously diagnosed as lobular neoplasia and infiltrating lobular carcinoma were selected from the departmental files. Three surgical pathologists interpreted them in a blinded manner for the histology diagnoses and E-cadherin staining. E-cadherin staining was conducted on the paraffin-embedded sections of the breast lesions using two different source antibodies. Our results using morphology and E-cadherin stain agreed with the previous diagnoses of lobular neoplasia and infiltrating lobular carcinoma in 140 of 161 cases (86.9%). Among the 140 cases, three pathologists agreed with the morphologic diagnoses of lobular neoplasia and infiltrating lobular carcinoma in 100 (71.4%), two pathologists in 26 (18.6%) and one pathologist in 14 (10%). All three pathologists disagreed with the previous diagnoses of lobular neoplasia and infiltrating lobular carcinoma but reevaluated as ductal lesions in 21 cases (13.0%). E-cadherin staining was confirmatory in 136 of total 161 cases (84.5%) of both lobular and duct lesions by showing the loss of staining in lobular lesions and the presence of complete membrane staining in duct lesions. Aberrant E-cadherin reactions were retained weak or partial incomplete thin membrane reaction in lobular-type lesions and reduced membrane reaction in ductal-type lesions were seen in 25 of the total 161 cases (15.5%). E-cadherin immunoreaction with two different antibodies showed discrepant results in 5 of 78 cases tested (6.4%). This study illustrates (1) interobserver variability of the morphologic diagnoses of lobular neoplasia/infiltrating lobular carcinoma and duct neoplasia/infiltrating duct carcinoma, (2) the occasional presence of aberrant E-cadherin stain pattern in these breast lesions and (3) variability of E-cadherin immunostaining results by two different antibodies.
Ligand-localized electron trapping at sensitized semiconductor interfaces.

Nanocrystalline (anatase), mesoporous TiO2 thin films were derivatized with [Ru(bpy)2(deebq)](PF6)2 or [Os(bpy)2(deebq)](PF6)2, where bpy is 2,2‘-bipyridine and deebq is 4,4‘-diethylester-2,2‘-biquinoline. Both compounds bind to the nanocrystalline TiO2 films with typical limiting surface coverages of 7 (±2) × 10-8 mol/cm2. Electrochemical measurements show that the first reduction of these compounds (−0.60 V vs SCE) occurs prior to TiO2 reduction. Steady-state illumination in the presence of the sacrificial electron donor triethylamine leads to the appearance of the reduced compound, MII(deebq-)(bpy)2+/TiO2. Neither the photoluminescent excited states or the reduced forms of these compounds inject electrons efficiently into TiO2. Transient absorption measurements after a ∼10-ns laser pulse, reveal greater than 80% MLCT excited states and a smaller fraction of extremely long-lived charge-separated state intermediates assigned to equal concentrations of MII(deebq-)(bpy)2+/TiO2 and MIII(deebq)(bpy)23+/TiO2....
Effects of detention in and removal from the training environment on retention of aversively motivated behavior

Abstract Rats were given avoidance training and subsequent retention tests 5 min, 1 hr, or 24 hr after training. Additional groups were detained in the experimental environment for a 1-hr retention interval (Group D), or detained for 1 hr and removed for 1 hr prior to retention tests (Group DR). Retention performance was good in the 5-min, 24-hr, and D-groups and poor in the 1-hr and DR groups. Thus performance was not related to the retention interval per se , but rather, to the amount of time spent out of the fear-eliciting training environment. These findings, plus the findings of Expt. 2 in which a “relaxation” view of extinction was explicitly tested, fail to substantiate the fear-extinction explanation of the detention effect.
An objective look at object‐oriented technology

Managers today are faced with an ever‐expanding range of options when it comes to managing information within their organizations. Although we build bigger, better and faster machines, the sheer volume of information is expanding more rapidly than our capacity to process it. The problem lies with the software. Most of it is obsolete by the time it is delivered and the design is such that it is nearly impossible to make changes without totally redesigning it. Today's corporation must be flexible and the company's information system must be capable of evolving along with the organization.
A multistage game representation of sophisticated voting for binary procedures

Abstract Farquharson [5] was instrumental in creating the concept of sophisticated voting, in which voters are assumed to successively eliminate dominated strategies. However, his “matrix reduction” procedure is so cumbersome that little use has been made of his insights. Here we define, for binary procedures, a multistage method of sophisticated voting which is easy to apply and intuitively understandable. Our approach allows us to prove that if a majority alternative exists, sophisticated voting leads to an outcome at least as good as and sometimes preferred to the outcome of sincere voting. Our approach yields different sophisticated strategies than Farquharson's method, but we conjecture that both approaches always yield the same outcome.
RGA Analysis of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid Plant

This paper presents a Relative Gain Array (RGA) analysis of a simulated SOFC/Gas Turbine plant based on a multivariate empirical formulation of a 300kW hybrid system. The HyPer test facility at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, served as the test bed for deriving frequency response data and subsequent multivariable model of a direct fired, recuperated hybrid cycle plant. Through the modulation of various airflow bypass-valves, magnitude and phase data is used to formulate Transfer Function {TF} equations that describe input/output system interaction. A frequency dependent RGA calculation of the empirical Transfer Function matrix provides a means of quantifying the degree of coupling between system inputs and outputs for the configuration studied. Various input/output interaction time scales are obtained to identify frequencies where fully developed system coupling occur. Analysis of the RGA matrix leads to a better understanding of the inherent properties the hybrid configuration, and can serve as a validating tool to existing analytical RGA calculations of similar types of hybrids.
Observation of doppler-free two-photon absorption in the. nu. /sub 3/ bands of CH/sub 3/F. [CO/sub 2/ laser excitation]

We report the first observation of Doppler-free two-photon absorption in a molecule using two fixed-frequency infrared optical fields in combination with molecular Stark tuning. The coincidences of the $P14$ and $P30$ lines of two oppositely directed cw C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ lasers at 9.4 \ensuremath{\mu}m with the $R{(1, 1)}_{0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}}$ and $R{(2, 1)}_{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}}$ lines of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$F are used to measure the pressure-broadening coefficient ($\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{p}=41.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$ MHz/Torr) and pressure shift ($\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}=2.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ MHz/Torr) of the $0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}$ transition.
Expressiveness and language choice

Abstract Specialized languages are often more appropriate than general languages for expressing certain information. However, specialized languages must be chosen carefully because they do not allow all sets of facts to be stated. This paper considers the problems associated with choosing among specialized languages. Methods are presented for determining that a set of facts is expressible in a language, for identifying when additional facts are stated accidentally, and for choosing among languages that can express a set of facts. This research is being used to build a system that automatically chooses an appropriate graphical language to present a given set of facts.
Stratospheric ozone as viewed from the Chappuis band

Total stratospheric ozone values above high-altitude stations in southern California from 1912 to 1950 and northern Chile from 1918 to 1948 are determined using data obtained by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, including transmission measurements made in the Chappuis band (0.5 to 0.7 micron). The results show that at both sites, total ozone amounts commonly exhibit variations of as much as 20% to 30% on time scales ranging from months to decades. Consideration of the amount of incident solar energy absorbed by the Chappuis band suggests that ozone acts as a shutter on the incoming solar radiation and provides a trigger mechanism between solar activity and climatic change.
What About Disillusionment? Exploring the Pathways to Black Nationalism

Political scientists devote little attention to the attitudinal consequences of Blacks’ disillusionment with racial progress in America. This oversight undermines our understanding of the antecedents of support for the ideology of Black nationalism. I hypothesize that disillusionment and linked fate interact to influence Black nationalism: the stronger one’s disillusionment, the greater her adherence to this ideology, and the weaker the impact of her linked fate on her expression of nationalism. Analyses of the 1993–1994 National Black Politics Study and the 2004–2005 National Politics Study corroborate these expectations, indicating that disillusionment moderates the impact of linked fate on Black nationalism.
Driving Simulator Experiments: Power for Repeated Measures vs. Completely Randomized Design

Driving simulator studies are usually designed to collect repeated measures on each participant. This design has different implications for the power of within and between-subject effects that need...
Considerations for application of Si(Li) detectors in analysis of sub-keV, ion-induced X-rays

Abstract Spectroscopy of ion-induced X-rays is commonly performed using lithium-drifted, silicon detectors, Si(Li), with beryllium windows. Strong absorption of X-rays with energies below 1 keV occurs in even the thinnest commercially available beryllium windows and precludes useful analysis of sub-keV X-rays. Access to the sub-keV X-ray region, can be achieved using windowless (WL) and ultra-thin-windowed (UTW) Si(Li) detectors. These detectors have been shown to be useful for Spectroscopy of X-rays with energies above approximately 200 eV. The properties of such detectors are reviewed with regard to analysis of ion-induced X-rays. In particular, considerations of detection efficiency, output linearity, energy resolution, peak shapes and vacuum requirements are presented. The use of ion excitation for determination of many detector properties serves to demonstrate the usefulness of WL and UTW detectors for the Spectroscopy of sub-keV, ion-induced X-rays.
THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CORK CAMBIUM CELLS IN THE STEM OF PELARGONIUM HORTORUM

,AND R. T. DARBY. 1952. A rapid cell volume assay for fungitoxicity using fungus spores. Jour. Bact. 65: 16-26. , AND A. B. NORTON. 1948. Studies on the physiology of spores of the cellulolytic fungus Myrothecium verrucaria. The Quartermaster General Laboratories, Res. Report, Microbiol. Ser. 11: 1-50. ROBBINS, W. J. 1939. Thiamin and symbiosis. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 569-572. SCHOPFER, W. H. 1943. Plants and vitamins. Chronica Botanica Co. THOMPSON, R. C. 1942. Synthesis of B vitamins by bacteria in pure culture. Univ. Texas Publ. 4237: 87-96. WAKSMAN, S. A. 1941. Antagonistic relations of microorganisms. Bact. Rev. 5: 231-291. WEINDLING, R. 1938. Association effects of fungi. Bot. Rev. 4: 475-496.
Protein secretion by choroid plexus: Isolated apical fragments synthesize protein in vitro

Abstract Protein synthesis was studied in the isolated rat choroid plexus. When the choroid plexus was studied by transmission electron microscopy, membrane-bound structures were often observed in the ventricular space. These structures appear to bud from the apical surface of the epithelial cells. In the present study, we attempted to isolate these membrane-bound cellular fragments from the choroid plexus and to determine their ability to synthesize proteins. The apical fragments (aposomes) were isolated from the choroid plexus by allowing tissue explants to incubate in media (37 °C) for 1 h. The tissue was removed and the media, now containing aposomes, was incubated with [S 35 ]methionine (100 μCi). The media was collected and analysed by SDS-PAGE followed by fluorography. Parallel [S 35 ]methionine incubations were done with whole tissue expiants. The SDS-PAGE protein derived from the aposomes was similar to the profile derived from the tissue. In addition, proteins detected in CSF had relative molecular weights comparable to the products synthesized by aposomes. These observations suggest that aposomes provide an additional route of entry for proteins into CSF.
FORMATION OF NITRIC OXIDE MYOGLOBIN BY NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDES AND FLAVINS

SUMMARY –Formation of nitric oxide myoglobin was studied under anaerobic conditions. NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) as reducing agents alone did not produce nitric oxide myoglobin from metmyoglobin and nitrite. However, in the presence of FMN (flavin mononucleotide), either NADH or NADPH readily produced nitric oxide myoglobin. FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and riboflavin also were effective for the formation of nitric oxide myoglobin by NADH. In the absence of myoglobin, the NADH-FMN system did not reduce nitrite to nitric oxide. Similarly, a diaphorasemethylene blue system readily produced nitric oxide myoglobin, but in the absence of myoglobin it did not reduce nitrite to nitric oxide. On the other hand, nitric oxide myoglobin was produced from deoxymyoglobin by the action of nitrite in the absence of reducing agents under anaerobic conditions. Deoxymyoglobin can directly reduce nitrite to nitric oxide; the NADH-FMN and diaphorase-methylene blue systems may participate in the formation of nitric oxide myoglobin by means of reduction of metmyoglobin to the deoxy form.
Scattering of polarized d-T neutrons from helium

Abstract The asymmetry in the scattering of d-T neutrons from helium has been measured for incident deuteron energies between 6 and 11 MeV at various emission angles. Asymmetries greater than 0.35 were observed at 30° emission angle throughout the energy region investigated. Because of current uncertainty in the analysing power of helium, the neutron polarization cannot be accurately calculated at the present time. However, angular distributions of the asymmetries are very similar to the proton polarizations from the mirror reaction He3(d,p)He4. Arguments based on the charge symmetry of nuclear forces suggest that the neutron polarization is about 0.6 in this energy region.
Color patterns of the shrimps Heptacarpus pictus and H. paludicola (Caridea: Hippolytidae)

Color patterns of the shallow-water shrimps Heptacarpus pictus and H. paludicola are formed by chromatosomes (usually termed chromatophores) located beneath the translucent exoskeleton. Development of color patterns is related to size (age) and sex. The color expressed is determined by the chromatosome pigment dispersion, arrangement, and density. In populations with well-developed coloration (H. pictus from Cayucos, California, 1976–1978, H. paludicola from Argyle Channel, San Juan Island, Washington, June–July, 1978), prominent coloration was a characteristic of maturing females, breeding females, and some of the larger males. In the Morro Bay, California, population of H. paludicola (sampled 1976–1978), color patterns were poorly developed except in a few large females. In both species, most shrimp lose color at night because of pigment retraction in certain chromatosomes. In both species, there are 5 basic morphs: 1 transparent and 4 colored morphs. In the colored morphs, the color patterns are composed of bands, stripes, and spots which appear to disrupt the body outline. Each color morph also has a common environmental color in its color pattern, e.g the green of green algae, the whites and pinks of dead and living coralline algae, and various shades of tidepool litter. These shrimps are apparently under heavy predation pressure by fish, and it is suggested that the color patterns are camouflage against such visually-hunting predators.
Neural correlates of learning during a visual search task

Performance on visual search tasks can be improved with training; however, the neural mechanisms underlying such improvement are not clear. For example, although response times (RTs) typically shorten with training, it is unclear which components of the stimulus-response processing chain are facilitated and lead to the faster behavioral output. In principle, enhanced search abilities could result from improvements in various distinct cognitive stages along the stimulus-response processing chain, including: (1) faster attentional shifts to the target, (2) faster or better discrimination of the target, (3) faster motor-response preparation, and (4) faster response execution. To explore the loci of cognitive and neural plasticity resulting from visual-search training, we measured EEG as individuals performed a multi-day visual-search training protocol. Over the course of five days, we assessed changes in RTs and in various stimulus-processing-related ERP components: the N2pc (attentional shifting to target), the SPCN (manipulation and/or retention of information in visual short-term memory relevant for target discrimination processes), and the LRP (preparation for motor response). Participants were presented with circular arrays of colored ellipses and reported the orientation of a color-popout target as quickly and accurately as possible. Across the training period, RTs decreased by ~70ms. ERP analyses indicated that neither the amplitude nor latency of the N2pc component changed, suggesting that the training-related RT improvement did not derive from accelerated attentional shifting. In contrast, the onset latency of the LRP shifted earlier, suggesting improvement on the processing between the attentional shift and the motor-response initiation. Relatedly, the SPCN decreased substantially in amplitude with training, consistent with a facilitated target-discrimination process. Lastly the time between the LRP onset and the RT decreased, suggesting additional training effects on motor-execution speed. The present results thus help delineate several key phases of the stimulus-response processing chain that underlie visual-search RT improvement with training.
Arthroscopic surgery for osteochondral chip fragments and other lesions not requiring internal fixation in the carpal and fetlock joints of the equine athlete: What have we learned in 20 years?

Abstract Equine carpal and fetlock joints have been the most frequent sites for arthroscopic surgical procedures and were the initial locations where techniques were developed. The primary indication for surgical treatment of chip fragments in the equine athlete is normalization of the interior of the joint and prevention of osteoarthritis. Osteochondral chip fragments in the equine carpus are common in racehorses. The overall success rate with arthroscopic removal is 68.1% racing at a level equal to or better to preinjury in 88.6% starting at least one race. Depending on the degree of articular cartilage and bone damage, the prognosis for return to racing at a level equal to or better than preinjury ranges from 71% to 54%. Success rate with proximodorsal first phalanx chip fragments is 83.5% return to their previous use; 73.6% return to racing at the same level of performance. Other fracture fragments operated in the fetlock joint include, plantar or palmar first phalanx fragments, osteochondritis dissecans fragments from the sagittal ridge and distal dorsal metacarpus as well as apical, abaxial and basal sesamoid fragments. The success rates with these various arthroscopic surgeries are also presented.
Frequency and Clinical Correlates of Sleep-Related Problems Among Anxious Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Sleep-related problems (SRPs) are common and problematic among anxious youth but have not been investigated in anxious youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants were 102 youth (ages 7-16 years) with ASD and comorbid anxiety. Youth and their primary caregiver were administered the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale. Parents completed the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-Parent (MASC-P) Report, Social Responsiveness Scale, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). A measure of SRPs was created from items from the CBCL and MASC-P. Results suggest SRPs were relatively common among youth with ASD and comorbid anxiety. The number of SRPs endorsed directly associated with parent ratings of social deficits, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, as well as with clinician-rated anxiety symptoms. Parent-rated internalizing symptoms predicted frequency of SRPs over and above social deficits, externalizing symptoms, and parent- and clinician-rated anxiety symptoms. A subset of 40 participants who completed family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) experienced reduced SRPs following treatment. Implications, study limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Sufficient conditions for a group of automorphisms of a Riemann surface to be its full automorphism group

Abstract There are few examples in the literature of Riemann surfaces whose defining algebraic equations and full automorphism groups are completely determined. Although explicit examples of Riemann surfaces which admit automorphisms may be constructed by the use of symmetries in the defining equations of the surface, determining whether the admitted automorphisms constitute the full automorphism group is usually intractable. In this paper, it is proved that for many groups a simple lifting criterion determines whether the admitted automorphisms form the full automorphism group. The criterion is employed to give numerous examples of Riemann surfaces whose defining equations and full automorphism groups are determined.
Is Everybody Doing It? Perceptions and Misperceptions of Sexual Behavior in the College Freshman Population

Descriptive and injunctive norms have been shown to influence people’s perceptions of what actions are considered appropriate, but they are frequently based on misperceptions. Men and women often hold varying perceptions with regards to sexual attitudes and behaviors. One hundred fifty-six heterosexual freshman women and 135 heterosexual freshman men were surveyed about their own sexually permissive attitudes and behaviors and their perceptions of their best friend’s and the average same-sex freshman’s attitudes and behaviors. We anticipated and found that women and men perceived a three-tiered significant difference in sexually permissive attitudes, with participants reporting the least permissive attitudes while reporting the perception that the average freshman had the most permissive attitudes. Differing results were found for the tiered differences for sexual intercourse and giving and receiving oral sex. In general, women’s own number of sexual partners was related to their own sexually permissive attitudes and their perceptions of others’ attitudes and behaviors. In contrast, men’s own number of sexual partners was typically only influenced by their own sexually permissive attitudes and their perceptions of other men’s behaviors. Ultimately, women’s behaviors are influenced by perceptions of others’ actions and beliefs in addition to their own beliefs, whereas men’s behaviors are influenced only by their own beliefs and their perceptions of others’ behaviors.