cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of food consumption on sodium and water balance in the predaceous diving beetle,Dytiscus verticalis

Sodium and water balance ofDytiscus verticalis in fresh water were investigated under three feeding regimes: unfed, and fed a diet either low or high in sodium chloride. Unfed sodium influx was 0.13 and sodium efflux was 0.74 μmoles/100 gwm·h. These values are low in comparison with most freshwater animals. The electrical potential difference across the integument in artificial soft water (ASW) was about 150 mV smaller than the potential necessary to maintain sodium balance in the absence of active transport. However, sodium influx did not show saturation kinetics over an external concentration range of 91 to 1725 μM. Unfed beetles failed to arrest net sodium loss to baths that were initially distilled water or ASW, even when bath sodium concentrations reached 75–298 μM. The long-term rate of net sodium loss ranged from 0.61 to 4.4 μmoles/100 gwm·h for four sets of animals. Beetles decreased sodium efflux during a period of fasting. During subsequent feeding, beetles fed a high sodium diet (HSD) increased sodium efflux while beetles fed a low sodium diet (LSD) maintained low rates of sodium efflux. HSD fed beetles increased body sodium and hemolymph sodium concentration, and expanded extracellular fluid, relative to LSD fed beetles. Thus beetles cannot achieve sodium balance in fresh water without dietary sodium input, although they are able to regulate sodium loss.
Dystonic reactions following neuroleptics: time course and proposed mechanisms

The occurrence of acute dystonic reactions was studied relative to drug pharmacokinetic parameters following a single dose of the phenothiazine, butaperazine. Dystonias occurred more than one half-life from peak butaperazine levels, 23 to 56 h after drug administration. The authors postulate that the appearance of dystonias on falling plasma concentrations may be due to disruption of dopaminergiccholinergic balance caused by differential antidopaminergic and anticholinergic potencies of the drug.
Evidence of the Environmental Kuznets’ Curve among US Counties and the Impact of Social Capital

In this applied study, we use US county data to examine patterns in fine particulates (also called fine particulate matter or PM2.5) ambient concentrations as a measure of air pollution within the ...
Clinical and histopathologic characteristics of rash in cancer patients treated with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: Dermatologic adverse events stemming from anticancer therapies have become an increasingly frequent clinical problem. Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), such as temsirolimus and everolimus, have been associated with a high rate of skin eruptions, but their clinical and histopathologic characteristics have not been explored. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients who were referred to the Dermatology Service for diagnosis and management of rash in the setting of therapy with the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus was performed. The parameters that were studied included the time to onset, clinical presentation at the time of dermatologic evaluation, associated symptoms, evolution, results of microbiologic studies, concomitant medications, the need for dose reduction and/or treatment interruption because of rash, and routine histopathology. RESULTS: In total, 13 patients were analyzed. Most rashes were mild (grade 1; 31%) and moderate (grade 2; 54%) in severity, and grade 3 rashes were observed only in 2 patients (15%). The trunk was the most frequently affected region (77%), with the scalp (23%), face (38%), neck (54%), and extremities (69%) also commonly involved. Erythematous papules and pustules constituted the predominant primary lesion morphology (62%). No unique or uniform histopathologic reaction pattern was observed. The most common reaction pattern was that of a mixed, spongiotic interface and perivascular dermatitis, which was observed in 7 of 11 patients (63%). CONCLUSIONS: Although mTOR inhibitors may commonly induce erythematous papules and pustules, they are associated with a spectrum of lesion morphologies and a variety of histopathologic findings. Further clinicohistologic correlation studies are needed. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Impact of the vertical layer structure on the emission directionality of thin-film InGaN photonic crystal LEDs

This work explores the impact of cavity thickness, photonic crystal etch depth, and quantum well placement on the extraction efficiency and emission directionality of thin-film InGaN photonic crystal light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Mucin glycan foraging in the human gut microbiome

The availability of host and dietary carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a key role in shaping the structure-function of the microbiota. In particular, some gut bacteria have the ability to forage on glycans provided by the mucus layer covering the GI tract. The O-glycan structures present in mucin are diverse and complex, consisting predominantly of core 1-4 mucin-type O-glycans containing α- and β- linked N-acetyl-galactosamine, galactose and N-acetyl-glucosamine. These core structures are further elongated and frequently modified by fucose and sialic acid sugar residues via α1,2/3/4 and α2,3/6 linkages, respectively. The ability to metabolize these mucin O-linked oligosaccharides is likely to be a key factor in determining which bacterial species colonise the mucosal surface. Due to their proximity to the immune system, mucin-degrading bacteria are in a prime location to influence the host response. However, despite the growing number of bacterial genome sequences available from mucin degraders, our knowledge on the structural requirements for mucin degradation by gut bacteria remains fragmented. This is largely due to the limited number of functionally characterized enzymes and the lack of studies correlating the specificity of these enzymes with the ability of the strain to degrade and utilize mucin and mucin glycans. This review focuses on recent findings unravelling the molecular strategies used by mucin-degrading bacteria to utilise host glycans, adapt to the mucosal environment, and influence human health.
Swapping metals in Fe-and Mn-dependent dioxygenases : Evidence for oxygen activation without a change in metal redox state

Biological O(2) activation often occurs after binding to a reduced metal [e.g., M(II)] in an enzyme active site. Subsequent M(II)-to-O(2) electron transfer results in a reactive M(III)-superoxo species. For the extradiol aromatic ring-cleaving dioxygenases, we have proposed a different model where an electron is transferred from substrate to O(2) via the M(II) center to which they are both bound, thereby obviating the need for an integral change in metal redox state. This model is tested by using homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenases from Brevibacterium fuscum (Fe-HPCD) and Arthrobacter globiformis (Mn-MndD) that share high sequence identity and very similar structures. Despite these similarities, Fe-HPCD binds Fe(II) whereas Mn-MndD incorporates Mn(II). Methods are described to incorporate the nonphysiological metal into each enzyme (Mn-HPCD and Fe-MndD). The x-ray crystal structure of Mn-HPCD at 1.7 A is found to be indistinguishable from that of Fe-HPCD, while EPR studies show that the Mn(II) sites of Mn-MndD and Mn-HPCD, and the Fe(II) sites of the NO complexes of Fe-HPCD and Fe-MndD, are very similar. The uniform metal site structures of these enzymes suggest that extradiol dioxygenases cannot differentially compensate for the 0.7-V gap in the redox potentials of free iron and manganese. Nonetheless, all four enzymes exhibit nearly the same K(M) and V(max) values. These enzymes constitute an unusual pair of metallo-oxygenases that remain fully active after a metal swap, implicating a different way by which metals are used to promote oxygen activation without an integral change in metal redox state.
Personality disturbances in drug-dependent women: relationship to childhood abuse

This study examined associations between childhood abuse and personality disturbances in 228 drug‐dependent women. Thirty‐six percent denied abuse, 50% reported emotional, 42% physical, and 42% sex...
Influence of a buffer gas on nonlinear magneto-optical polarization rotation

We show experimentally that the presence of a buffer gas in a rubidium vapor cell modifies significantly the nonlinear magneto-optical rotation of polarization of near-resonant light propagating through the cell. We observe not only the well-known narrowing of the nonlinear magneto-optical resonances, but also changes in their shape and visibility. We explain these effects in terms of coherence-preserving, velocity-changing collisions between rubidium and buffer gas atoms.
RMMAC: a novel robust adaptive control scheme. Part I. Architecture

We analyze a robust adaptive control method for uncertain MIMO systems. This methodology, robust multiple model adaptive control (RMMAC), integrates nonadaptive compensator synthesis (using the mixed-/spl mu/ method) with the classical multiple-model adaptive estimation (MMAE) system identification using hypothesis testing.
Position location of partial discharges in power transformers using fiber acoustic sensor arrays

A novel partial-discharge positioning system was demon- strated using an acoustic sensor array composed of four fiber acoustic sensors and a signal-processing unit. A hyperbolic position-fixing algo- rithm was employed to locate partial discharges. Convolution, correla- tion, and leading edge with finite impulse response filtering were used to determine time differences of arrival TDOAs. Partial-discharge posi- tioning was demonstrated in a 500-gallon tank. The positioning results showed that the correlation and leading edge methods are more robust and accurate in determining the TDOAs than the convolution method. A positioning accuracy of 3.0% was achieved using the leading edge method with a sensing range of 755 mm. These positioning results also indicated that the best sensor array layout is to spread the sensors in the tank in order to achieve high positioning accuracy. © 2006 Society of Photo-
An Empirical Analysis of Model Misspecification in Studies of Valuation of Financial Statement Disclosures

A number of studies have examined the correlation between financial statement disclosures and share prices to assess the informativeness of these disclosures. There are several potential econometri...
Vitamin D Binding Protein Impact on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels under Different Physiologic and Pathologic Conditions.

There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide, but how to define vitamin D deficiency is controversial. Currently, the plasma concentration of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is considered an indicator of vitamin D status. The free hormone hypothesis states that protein-bound hormones are inactive while unbound hormones are free to exert biological activity. The majority of circulating 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D is tightly bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP), 10–15% is bound to albumin, and less than 1% of circulating vitamin D exists in an unbound form. While DBP is relatively stable in most healthy populations, a recent study showed that there are gene polymorphisms associated with race and ethnicity that could alter DBP levels and binding affinity. Furthermore, in some clinical situations, total vitamin D levels are altered and knowing whether DBP is also altered may have treatment implications. The aim of this review is to assess DBP concentration in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We suggest that DBP should be considered in the interpretation of 25(OH)D levels.
Approximate prediction of adhesion between two solids immersed in surfactant solution based on adsorption to an isolated solid

Abstract A thermodynamic argument is used to predict the adhesion between two solid surfaces in surfactant solutions from the adsorption to a single (isolated) solid. The model is based on the concept that the difference in energy of the two solids in contact and separated states can be predicted from the difference in adsorption in the contact and separated states. To make quantitative predictions, we assume that the adsorption of surfactant in ‘contact’, Γ s 0 , is approximately equal to the adsorbed surfactant on an isolated surface when the net charge is zero (at the charge compensation point). Changes in the adhesion are determined from the changes in adsorption required to reach Γ s 0 from the adsorption at infinite separation, Γ ∞ . Experimental measurements of the adhesion using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) are in reasonable agreement with our method.
UV / IR relations in AdS dynamics

We point out that two distinct distance-energy relations have been discussed in the AdS-CFT correspondence. In conformal backgrounds they differ only in normalization, but in nonconformal backgrounds they differ in functional form. We discuss the relation to probe processes, the holographic principle, and black hole entropies.
Accuracy improvement for super-wide angle one-way waves by wavefront reconstruction

Summary To overcome the angle limitation of regular one-way wave propagation methods, we propose to extend the capability of one-way propagators by a wavefront reconstruction method which combines and interpolates the two orthogonally propagated one-way wavefields. The proposed method has accurate super-wide angle (greater than 90o) propagation and can model turning waves. The method has the potential to be used in imaging steep subsalt reflectors and overhanging salt flanks. Numerical tests demonstrated the validity of the method.
Celebrity Ancient and Modern

Popular belief to the contrary, celebrity has a very long history. Many of the indications of a celebrity culture were already in place in classical antiquity. By drawing on examples from the rich literary tradition of Greece and Rome we can better understand and analyze what is very likely to have been a perennial aspect of the human psyche in all developed societies the world over.
Analysis of interconnected CSMA/CD LANs

This paper reports on the extension of a previous similar attempt at performance evaluation of interconnected local area networks (LANs). It presents the performance analysis of interconnected CSMA/CD (Ethernet) LANs with a high speed network as the backbone. The LANs are connected to the backbone network via gateways. The analytical model is verified by simulation results.
Calculation of the penetration depth of X-rays in intact pharmaceutical film-coated tablets by microdiffractometry.

Purpose (i) Develop a method to calculate the penetration depth of X-rays in intact film-coated tablets, and validate it using model bilayer tablets. (ii) Characterize the physical form of drug in intact pharmaceutical film-coated tablets by XRD.
A population pharmacokinetic (POP PK) analysis of ritonavir (RTV) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients enrolled in ACTG359

The protease inhibitor (PI) RTV was used in ACTG359 as a metabolic inhibitor to increase saquinavir (SQV) concentrations, and also to contribute to virologic efficacy. HIV-positive patients (99) were administered SQV and RTV (both 400 mg bid). Intensive PK samples were taken from a subset (18) and random concentrations were obtained from all patients. A one-compartment disposition PK model with input via a catenary chain of four absorption compartments (a new modeling feature for this drug) was fit to the data. RTV pop PK parameters were estimated, as were MAP Bayes estimates of each individual's oral clearance (CL/F) and the ratio of the posterior variance of this estimate to its prior variance (PVR). This ratio is reciprocally proportional to the amount of information supplied by all PK observations in the individual. Pop PK estimates are: CL/F = 7.4 L/h, consistent with previous studies; volume of distribution = 59.7 L; mean absorption time = 3.25 h. The catenary chain absorption sub-model was necessary to fit the slow sigmoidal ascent to peak RTV concentration, and may prove useful in other cases of delayed peak concentrations of PIs. PVRs were considerably higher for individuals with only sparse samples than for those intensively sampled, providing a means to weight CL/F as a covariate for exposure-response regressions. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P88–P88; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.335
Transcription of the amoC, amoA and amoB genes in Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosospira sp. NpAV

Nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosospira sp. NpAV use ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) for oxidation of their primary growth substrate, ammonia. Two polypeptides of AMO are coded for by contiguous genes, amoA and amoB, which are preceded by a third gene, amoC. The amoCAB clusters are present in multiple copies in nitrifying bacteria of the beta subdivision. These bacteria also have one amoC copy that is not adjacent to a copy of amoAB. The seven known amoC genes in different nitrifiers code for similar polypeptides (> 68%). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions and Northern blots indicated that amoC from the amoCAB cluster is contained on a transcript with amoAB. Two other transcripts were detected with amo probes and may be a product of processing of the amoCAB mRNA or independent transcripts.
A GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CLARKIA STELLATA (ONAGRACEAE) AND RELATED SPECIES IN NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA

ABSTRACT Clarkia stellata Mosquin (Onagraceae) is an uncommon annual herb endemic to Plumas and Yuba Counties in northeastern California that has threatened populations due to noxious weeds, recreational and forest management activities, and development. The purpose of this study is clarify the species identification of populations of Clarkia stellata for management purposes, specifically, populations of C. stellata and C. rhomboidea that are difficult to differentiate in the field. A total of 11 populations of C. stellata and related species were sampled for morphometric analyses and nine populations were sampled for genetic analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Clarkia stellata can be separated from C. rhomboidea based on all floral characteristics except claw width, claw length, and isthmus width. These species also can be differentiated based on the following vegetative characteristics: petiole length, leaf length, leaf width, and plant height. The sympatric Clarkia mildredia...
The Valuation Of Special Items

This research examines the value relevance of GAAP earnings, GAAP earnings excluding special items, and specific special items. We find GAAP earnings to be less value relevant than GAAP earnings adjusted to exclude special items. We find mixed results relating to the value relevance of net special items. Considering the value relevance of eight specific categories of special items, only two, in process research and development and merger related costs, appear to be significantly related to firm value. This suggests that analysts distinguish between types of special items and only specific types of special items contribute to firm value.
WIYN Open Cluster Study. LXVI. Spectroscopic Binary Orbits in the Young Open Cluster M35 (NGC 2168)

The young (150 Myr) open cluster M35 (NGC 2168) has been one of the core clusters of the WIYN Open Cluster Study since 1997. Over these 17 years we have obtained approximately 8000 radial-velocity (RV) measurements of stars in the M35 field, which we provide here. Our target sample consists of 1355 photometrically selected stars in the field of M35 within the main sequence and binary sequence of the cluster and within and . Using our RV measurements we cleanly separate likely cluster members from field stars. We calculate RV membership probabilities for over 1200 stars in our sample. 418 are probable cluster members, of which 64 are velocity-variable (binary) systems. Here we present 52 orbital solutions for binary members of M35. This sample defines the hard binary population of M35 that dynamically powers the cluster. We also present XMM-Newton X-ray detections within the cluster. We use our large binary sample to search for interacting binaries among the X-ray sources, investigate M35's period?eccentricity distribution, and determine binary frequency. We find a circularization period of 9.9 ? 1.2 days and a binary frequency of 24% ? 3% for main-sequence binaries with days. Determining these properties in a young cluster like M35 is key to defining the initial conditions used in models of cluster dynamical evolution.
The Evaluation of Rubber and Rubberlike Compositions as Vibration Absorbers. Apparatus for Automatic Recording

Abstract The equipment is simple and foolproof. It provides an autographic record in a few seconds, from which can be evaluated dynamic hardness, dynamic modulus, internal friction, static hardness, and drift. It can be used to test rubber and rubberlike compositions over a very wide range of temperatures—for example, from −40° to 150° C. —for testing compositions which have been exposed to solvents or gases, and in conjunction with a fatigue machine for evaluation at various stages in a life flexing test.
Size- and Shape-Controlled Synthesis and Properties of Magnetic-Plasmonic Core-Shell Nanoparticles

Magnetic–plasmonic core–shell nanomaterials offer a wide range of applications across science, engineering, and biomedical disciplines. However, the ability to synthesize and understand magnetic–plasmonic core–shell nanoparticles with tunable sizes and shapes remains very limited. This work reports experimental and computational studies on the synthesis and properties of iron oxide–gold core–shell nanoparticles of three different shapes (sphere, popcorn, and star) with controllable sizes (70 to 250 nm). The nanoparticles were synthesized via a seed-mediated growth method in which newly formed gold atoms were added onto gold-seeded iron oxide octahedrons to form a gold shell. The evolution of the shell into different shapes was found to occur after the coalescence of gold seeds, which was achieved by controlling the amount of additive (silver nitrate) and reducing agent (ascorbic acid) in the growth solution. First-principles calculation, together with experimental results, elucidated the intimate roles of...
Design and Realization of Condition Management System of Gateway Electrical Energy Metering Device

This paper introduced a kind of large and intelligent condition management system of gateway electrical energy metering device with the Windows Server 2008, Oracle and VS. Net software as developing tools, as well as the n-tier architecture and reusable component technology. The key technologies and realization process were also analyzed in this paper. Moreover, a detailed description was given of the application modules such as the GIS smart display of metering point, the condition management of metering devices and the visual monitoring of metering point.The trial operation in the selected transformer substations and the power stations of Chongqing Power Electrical Corp. indicates that the condition management system is very open and safe. According to the data exchange with the production and scheduling platform, the system improves the efficient operation of the electrical energy metering devices. Meanwhile, combined with the real-time visual monitoring, the condition management system improves the prevention ability of electricity filching, and realizes the unified automatic large-scale management of electrical energy metering devices.
Analysis on Environment Risk of Hebei Section's Water Quality Protection in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project

From the aspect of environment protection,this study analyzed potential environment risk types,indicated that the biggest potential menace to the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer was emergency pollution of danger cargo transportation.For protecting the water quality,this study suggested strengthening danger cargo transportation management,promoting contingency monitoring ability,establishing early warning and monitoring system and emergency management system.
Ricin-like proteins from the castor plant do not influence liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detection of ricin in forensically relevant samples.

Abstract The toxic protein ricin (also known as RCA60), found in the seed of the castor plant (Ricinus communis) is frequently encountered in law enforcement investigations. The ability to detect ricin by analyzing its proteolytic (tryptic) peptides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is well established. However, ricin is just one member of a family of proteins in R. communis with closely related amino acid sequences, including R. communis agglutinin I (RCA120) and other ricin-like proteins (RLPs). Inferring the presence of ricin from its constituent peptides requires an understanding of the specificity, or uniqueness to ricin, of each peptide. Here we describe the set of ricin-derived tryptic peptides that can serve to uniquely identify ricin in distinction to closely-related RLPs and to proteins from other species. Other ricin-derived peptide sequences occur only in the castor plant, and still others are shared with unrelated species. We also characterized the occurrence and relative abundance of ricin and related proteins in an assortment of forensically relevant crude castor seed preparations. We find that whereas ricin and RCA120 are abundant in castor seed extracts, other RLPs are not represented by abundant unique peptides. Therefore, the detection of peptides shared between ricin and RLPs (other than RCA120) in crude castor seed extracts most likely reflects the presence of ricin in the sample.
Clinical Dimensions of Anticipatory Mourning: Theory and Practice in Working with the Dying, Their Loved Ones, and Their Caregivers. Therese A. Rando, Ed.: Champaign, IL: Research Press, 2000, 616 pages, $29.95.

(2000). Clinical Dimensions of Anticipatory Mourning: Theory and Practice in Working with the Dying, Their Loved Ones, and Their Caregivers. Therese A. Rando, Ed. The Hospice Journal: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 53-55.
How does the NRC Treat Operational Experience and What is it Telling Us

Prior to the accident at Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) in March 1979, the fundamental problems in achieving an effective NRC operational data assessment program had been the large number (10 to 15 per day) of Licensee Event Reports (LERs) coupled with the nonstandard design of U.S. reactors, the inadequacies and non-uniformity of the licensee reports, and the difficulty of determining the root cause of an event and identifying its implications and needed corrective actions. This combination of factors resulted in an assessment workload that overwhelmed the available resources of any one organization. Further, since the NRC program was not well coordinated, each organization often faced the whole job of collecting, reading, and analyzing the events and feeding back the lessons. No single NRC or industry organization had the resources to do the entire job; consequently, only bits and pieces were done and in a somewhat ad hoc manner.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated PBDE metabolites (OH-PBDEs) in maternal and fetal tissues, and associations with fetal cytochrome P450 gene expression.

Author(s): Zota, Ami R; Mitro, Susanna D; Robinson, Joshua F; Hamilton, Emily G; Park, June-Soo; Parry, Emily; Zoeller, R Thomas; Woodruff, Tracey J | Abstract: BackgroundHuman fetal exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites (OH-PBDEs) are unique from adults, and in combination with a different metabolic profile, may make fetal development more sensitive to adverse health outcomes from these exposures. However, we lack data to characterize human fetal PBDE exposures and the metabolic factors that can influence these exposures.ObjectiveWe examined differences between 2nd trimester maternal and fetal exposures to PBDEs and OH-PBDEs. We also characterized fetal cytochrome P450 (CYP) mRNA expression and its associations with PBDE exposures.MethodsWe collected paired samples of maternal serum and fetal liver (n=86) with a subset having matched placenta (n=50). We measured PBDEs, OH-PBDEs, and mRNA expression of CYP genes (e.g. CYP1A1, -2E1, -2J2, -2C9) in all samples. As a sensitivity analysis, we measured PBDEs and OH-PBDEs in umbilical cord serum from a subset (n=22).ResultsBDE-47 was detected in ≥96% of all tissues. Unadjusted ∑PBDEs concentrations were highest in fetal liver (geometric mean (GM)=0.72ng/g), whereas lipid-adjusted concentrations were highest in cord serum (111.12ng/g lipid). In both cases, fetal concentrations were approximately two times higher than maternal serum levels (GM=0.33ng/g or 48.75ng/g lipid). ΣOH-PBDEs were highest in maternal and cord sera and 20-200 times lower than PBDE concentrations. In regression models, maternal BDE-47 explained more of the model variance of liver than of placenta BDE-47 concentrations (adjusted R2=0.79 vs 0.48, respectively). In adjusted logistic regression models, ∑PBDEs were positively associated with expression of CYP2E1 and -2J2 (placenta), and -1A1 (liver) (pl0.05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that under normal conditions of mid-gestation, the human fetus is directly exposed to concentrations of PBDEs that may be higher than previously estimated based on maternal serum and that these exposures are associated with the expression of mRNAs coding for CYP enzymes. These results will help frame and interpret findings from studies that use maternal or cord blood as proxy measures of fetal exposures, and will inform the molecular pathways by which PBDEs affect human health.
Immediate effects of scapular stabilizing exercise in chronic stroke patient with winging and elevated scapula: a case study

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of scapular stabilizing exercise in a stroke patient with winging and elevated scapula. [Subject and Methods] The subject was a 46-year-old female with a history of stroke. She had right side hemiplegia with winging and elevated scapula on the right side, and had compensatory motions of the neck and shoulder when using the paretic upper extremity. The subject participated in scapular stabilizing exercises for four days. This exercise program consisted of scapular protraction-retraction in an upright seated position. Scapular position was measured as distance between scapular medial border and thoracic vertebrae 3, 4. Upper extremity function was measured as time required for lifting and lowering a cup with the affected arm. [Results] After intervention, distance between scapular medial border and spinouse process of T3, 4 decreased. Time required for lifting and lowering a cup with the affected arm decreased. Compensatory motions of the neck and shoulder joint decreased. [Conclusion] Despite the short period, scapular stabilizing exercises had a positive effect on scapular position and upper extremity function.
Season of birth: A predictor of ADHD symptoms in early midlife.

Abstract Objective In this longitudinal study, we applied linear regression analyses to examine season of birth as related to symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early midlife. Method We gathered longitudinal data on a prospective cohort of community-dwelling men and women (N = 548) followed from adolescence to early midlife. Findings The findings indicate that, as compared with participants who were born in the summer, those who were born in the spring (Beta = 0.34; t-statistic = 3.59; p Conclusion These findings suggest that exposure to greater maternal maladaptive behaviors, such as cigarette smoking, may result in a greater vulnerability to other environmental risk factors, such as season of birth.
Materials for lithium-ion battery safety

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered to be one of the most important energy storage technologies. As the energy density of batteries increases, battery safety becomes even more critical if the energy is released unintentionally. Accidents related to fires and explosions of LIBs occur frequently worldwide. Some have caused serious threats to human life and health and have led to numerous product recalls by manufacturers. These incidents are reminders that safety is a prerequisite for batteries, and serious issues need to be resolved before the future application of high-energy battery systems. This Review aims to summarize the fundamentals of the origins of LIB safety issues and highlight recent key progress in materials design to improve LIB safety. We anticipate that this Review will inspire further improvement in battery safety, especially for emerging LIBs with high-energy density.
Sickle-cell anemia: Report of a case in a newborn infant

Summary A case of sickle-cell anemia in a newborn Negro female is reported. Previous to this report the earliest reported case occurred in a 19-day-old Negro infant. Jaundice, epistaxis, and familial history prompted the suspicion of a sickle-cell crisis in this patient. Both parents showed evidence of sicklemia only, and the patient's sister, the only other living sibling, is being treated for sickle-cell anemia. The diagnosis was established by laboratory means, and other causes of hemolytic anemia excluded. Response to therapy with whole blood transfusions was gratifying. Weight gain was progressive and adequate. The need for a guarded prognosis is necessitated by the patient's age and the early onset of sickle-cell anemia.
The Rotor as a Phase Singularity of Reaction-Diffusion Problems and Its Possible Role in Sudden Cardiac Death

Some years ago a simple topological theorem enabled discovery of arrhythmic “singularities” in biological clocks, e.g., in the glycolytic oscillation of yeast cells (1). The context then was homogeneous chemical reaction, i.e., ordinary differential equations. It turns out now that the problem in spatially distributed context, i.e., the partial differential equation of reaction and diffusion, has the same topology. The singularity in this context appears to include the “ROTOR” or “REVERBERATOR”. A heuristic extension of this theorem suggests a simple experimental procedure which may elicit rotors in a volume of oscillating reactants. This procedure resembles conditions which elicit fibrillation in oscillating heart muscle; the same singularity may underlie “SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH”.
Reevaluating approaches to cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by intermittent acute episodes of worsening signs, symptoms, and pulmonary function; these so-called pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) appear to be important drivers of long-term declines in lung function, quality of life, and life expectancy. Surveillance for development of PEx and their treatment is a fundamental component of chronic CF management, and the merits of novel CF therapies are often judged based on their ability to reduce the frequency of PEx. Given the central role that they play, it is surprising how poorly PEx are understood, how thin is the evidence base for their treatment and how often they are left unrecognized and untreated in clinical practice. This paper reviews what is known and what is unknown regarding the nature of PEx, and discusses the impact of missed recognition and treatment of these episodes as well as the apparent variation in practice across CF care centers. The arguments supporting a liberal, highly sensitive approach to the diagnosis of PEx are presented, as well as recommendation for how care programs can achieve consistency in their early recognition and treatment. A stepwise approach to personalized treatment supported by close follow-up to ensure the successful resolution of all signs and symptoms will lead to the stabilization of patients' lung function and quality of life. Recommendations are made regarding important priorities for research into evidence-based approaches to improving the care of PEx.
Ockham’s Razor, encounterability, and ontological naturalism

Dans le cadre du debat sur la distinction entre le concret et l'abstrait qui oppose le realisme mathematique au nominalisme, l'A. examine trois types d'arguments : les arguments type rasoir d'Ockham, les arguments de la rencontrabilite et les arguments fondes sur le naturalisme ontologique.
Phineas Re-enGage: Long-Term Psychiatric Follow-Up of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

The authors have presented a case of a 14-year-old male who suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. His narrative is derived from follow-up over an interval from 1-week postinjury through 24-year postinjury by virtue of participation in a prospective longitudinal follow-up study. This chapter summarizes his postinjury course from age 14 to 22 years previously published and extends the description of his course to 38 years of age. In contrast to the famous case of Phineas Gage who came to represent the classical poor outcome after traumatic brain injury, we have named him Phineas Re-enGage to emphasize his sustained positive quality of life changes in multiple domains of function that occurred after 11 years of severe postinjury psychiatric, socio-emotional, and occupational dysfunction. The chapter discusses biopsychosocial aspects of outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury.
Welcome City: Refugees in Three German Cities

Since late 2015, the authors have studied the refugee crisis in Europe. In this article, we analyze local factors that are significant for urban planning to include in an integration plan through case studies in three cities in Germany. We have chosen to study Germany because of the country’s touted Willkommen Kultur (welcome culture), which was prompted in large part by Chancellor Angela Merkel’s “Fluchtlinge Willkommen” (“refugees welcome”) stance. Now, three years after Chancellor Merkel’s declaration to the world, although international and national policies set many parameters for refugee integration, responses to the uncertainty of the situation are fundamentally informed by local contexts. Germany has adopted a policy of distributing refugees to communities throughout the country according to the so-called “Konigstein Key”, which sets quotas for each state according to economic capacity. We have selected case study cities and a county that are at different scales and regions: Borken in Hessen (13,500 people), Kassel County (200,000), and Essen, a larger city (600,000). Here we investigate the ways in which German citizens and refugees interact and integrate, with a focus on the social-spatial aspects of refugee experiences and the impacts on urban planning policy, urban morphology, building typology, and pattern language formation. Beyond crisis, we are looking at how refugees can and will try to integrate into their host countries, cities, and neighborhoods and start a new life and how host communities respond to refugee arrival. Urban architecture projects for housing and work opportunities that help the process of integration are part of this study. Particularly, in this article, we investigate the reality on the ground of the positive Willkommen Kultur and the high expectations and implied promises that were set in 2015 by Chancellor Angela Merkel and German society.
Chaos, storms and climate on Mars

Channel networks on the plateau adjacent to Juventae Chasma have the highest drainage densities reported on Mars.We model frozen precipitation on the Juventae plateau,finding that the trigger for forming these channel networks could have been ephemeral lakeshore precipitation,and that they do not require past temperatures higher than today.If short-lived and localized events explain some dendritic channel networks on Mars, this would weaken the link between dendritic valley networks and surface climate conditions that could sustain life. Our analysis uses MRAMS simulations and HiRISE DTMs.We model localized weather systems driven by water vapor release from ephemeral lakes during outflow channel this http URL Juventae Chasma,mean snowfall reaches a maximum of 0.9mm/hr water equivalent on the SW rim of the chasm.Radiative effects of the thick cloud cover raise maximum (minimum, mean) plateau surface temperatures by up to 24K(9K, 17K)locally.The key result is that the area of maximum modeled precipitation shows a striking correspondence to the mapped Juventae plateau channel networks.Three independent methods show this fit is unlikely to be due to chance.We use a snowpack energy balance model to show that if the snow has the albedo of dust(0.28), and for a solar luminosity of 0.8($\equiv$3.0Gya), then if the atmospheric greenhouse effect is unchanged from(6K warmer than)today only 0.4%(21%)of lake-induced precipitation events produce snowpack that undergoes melting.However, warming from associated dense cloud cover would allow melting over a wider range of this http URL these localized precipitation scenarios, global temperatures need not be higher than today, and the rest of the planet remains dry.
Lung tissue bioengineering for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: overcoming the need for lung transplantation from human donors

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects more than 380 million people, causing more than 3 million deaths annually worldwide. Despite this enormous burden, currently avail...
Enhanced Functional Response to CXCL12/SDF-1 through Retroviral Overexpression of CXCR4: Implications for Hematopoietic Stem & Progenitor Cell Homing and Engraftment.

Abstract The chemokine CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1/SDF-1) induces the migration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSC/HPC) through the corresponding chemokine receptor, CXCR4. CXCL12 is thought to be important for proper homing and engraftment of HSC/HPC to the bone marrow (BM) and mobilization of HSC/HPC out of the BM. Previous studies have suggested that breaking the CXCL12-CXCR4 interaction mobilizes both human and mouse HPC (Liles WC, et al. Blood. 2003 102(8): 2728-30.) (Broxmeyer HE, et al. ASH 44th Annual Meeting. 2002 #2397). Other studies suggest that blocking CXCR4 inhibits homing (Peled A, et al. Science. 1999 283(5403): 845-8) and CXCR4 overexpression by lentiviral vector increases repopulation (Kahn J, et al. Blood. 2004 103(8): 2942-9) of CD34+ cells to the BM of NOD/SCID recipient mice. Expression of CXCR4 on the surface of HSC/HPC appears to be variable, depending highly on the cytokine and growth factor composition of the environment. This may partially explain the reduction in homing efficiency observed during the expansion of cord blood (CB). The efficiency of engraftment therefore appears to be dependent on the response of HSC/HPC to CXCL12 which is in turn dependent upon levels of CXCR4 expressed on HSC/HPC. In order to study the functional cellular response of HSC/HPC independent of variable levels of CXCR4 expression on the surface of cells we utilized the MSCV-based bicistronic (EGFP) retroviral vector, MIEG3, to overexpress human CXCR4 in M07e cells. The human megakaryocytic leukemia cell line, M07e, (a CD34+, c-Kit+, growth-factor-dependent human cell line) has been established as a model for human HPC. Cells infected with the MIEG3 empty vector or the MIEG3-CXCR4 construct were sorted based on their expression of GFP and CXCR4 expression was measured by flow cytometric analysis. MIEG3-CXCR4 M07e cells (GFP+) and MIEG3-CXCR4 bright M07e cells (GFP+++) express significantly higher levels of CXCR4 than M07e cells, MIEG3 M07e cells (GFP+), or MIEG3 bright M07e cells (GFP+++). Migratory response of cells to CXCL12 was assessed by chemotaxis assay. Increased CXCL12 induced chemotaxis was observed in MIEG3-CXCR4 M07e cells (p
Resolving the Effects of Concreteness on Interest, Comprehension, and Learning Important Ideas From Text

This paper reviews research suggesting that interest and importance are separate constructs mediated by concreteness and mental imagery, especially in expository text or other genres where concreteness and importance often diverge. Important expository material can be relatively more interesting or less interesting. If important expository material is concrete it tends to be interesting and well recalled. If important expository material is abstract and not well linked to concrete elaboration or examples it tends to be less interesting and less well recalled. Concrete elaboration of abstract ideas tends to improve students' recall. There appears to be no harm in adding concrete detail to well structured, coherent text to promote interest unless enough is added so that a new text with a different coherence emerges. Making already concrete text more emotionally interesting may have little effect. Using a coherent text structure that adequately implies or signals importance and supporting important information with concrete explanation are key text design implications. Dual Coding Theory provides a systematic theoretical account of the findings in this area.
In-hospital mortality and morbidity among extremely preterm infants in relation to maternal body mass index

OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to compare in-hospital survival and survival without major morbidities in extremely preterm infants in relation to maternal body mass index (BMI). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included extremely preterm infants (gestational age 220/7-286/7 weeks). This study was conducted at National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network sites. Primary outcome was survival without any major morbidity. RESULTS Maternal BMI data were available for 2415 infants. Survival without any major morbidity was not different between groups: 30.8% in the underweight/normal, 28.1% in the overweight, and 28.5% in the obese (P = 0.65). However, survival was lower in the obese group (76.5%) compared with overweight group (83.2%) (P = 0.02). Each unit increase in maternal BMI was associated with decreased odds of infant survival (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Survival without any major morbidity was not associated with maternal obesity. An increase in maternal prepregnancy BMI was associated with decreased odds of infant survival.
Optimizing Inoculum Production Methods for Infesting Soil With Phytophthora Species

Inoculum production is an important part of conducting research with soilborne Phytophthora species. One common method is to incubate Phytophthora cultures in nutrient-amended vermiculite. However,...
Condom application skills and self-efficacy in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Globally, and in the United States (U.S.) specifically, rates of reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been steadily increasing and are especially high among youth aged 13-25 years. Using condoms correctly and consistently is an effective STI prevention measure for sexually active youth, yet public health endeavors tend to focus only on condom use consistency. Directly measuring condom application is challenging and expensive. Alternative tools evaluate this behaviour, but little evidence exists on the appropriateness of these instruments in measuring application skills. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between condom application skills and self-efficacy. We conducted a search of several databases as well as unpublished works. Studies were included if they were in English, examined youth aged 13-25 years, and were available between 1992 and 2019. The authors screened 630 titles and abstracts for initial inclusion criteria. A full-text review of 30 studies was conducted. The authors included 19 studies in the systematic review and 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Both a fixed- and random-effects model (Q = .2321, I2 = 0%) yielded a medium-sized statistically non-significant association (r = 0.217) between skills and self-efficacy. Despite the small sample size, findings suggest that skills and self-efficacy may not be as interchangeable as previously assumed when assessing condom application. Implications for future research are discussed.