cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nature of the residual lipids in fish protein concentrate (FPC).

SUMMARY— Methods were developed for the extraction and characterization of residual lipids of fish protein concentrate (FPC). Isopropanol-extracted samples had 0.1–0.2% residual lipid and an ethylene dichloride-extracted sample had approximately 0.5% residual lipid. The lipids contained 50–60% neutral lipid, 20–25% phospholipids, 5–10% acidic lipids, and the remainder uncharacterized. Fatty acid analysis of the total lipids showed that the saturated fatty acids were mainly palmitic and stearic and the unsaturated fatty acids were mainly oleic and palmitoleic. The observed low content of polyenoic fatty acids may account in part for the high stability of the lipid extracts to oxidation.
Local stability of the median LMS filter

Local stability properties of the median LMS adaptive filter are investigated by relating the behavior of the algorithm to the behavior of an associated ordinary differential equation. With independent inputs, the differential equation and the algorithm are shown to be locally stable. On the other hand, several classes of (periodic, nonindependent) inputs are described which cause the differential equation and the algorithm to be unstable about its equilibrium, even in the no disturbance case. This will help delineate those applications for which the median LMS is an appropriate adaptive algorithm. >
Exploiting Hierarchical Identity-Based Encryption for Access Control to Pervasive Computing Information

Access control to confidential information in pervasive computing environments is challenging for multiple reasons: First, a client requesting access might not know which access rights are necessary in order to be granted access to the requested information. Second, access control must support flexible access rights that include context-sensitive constraints. Third, pervasive computing environments consist of a multitude of information services, which makes simple management of access rights essential. We discuss the shortcomings of existing access-control schemes that rely on either clients presenting a proof of access to a service or services encrypting information before handing the information over to a client. We propose a proofbased access-control architecture that employs hierarchical identity-based encryption in order to enable services to inform clients of the required proof of access in a covert way, without leaking information. Furthermore, we introduce an encryption-based access-control architecture that exploits hierarchical identity-based encryption in order to deal with multiple, hierarchical constraints on access rights. We present an example implementation of our proposed architectures and discuss the performance of this implementation.
Subsurface melting of a free-floating Antarctic iceberg

Abstract Observations near a large tabular iceberg in the Weddell Sea in March and April 2009 show evidence that water from ice melting below the surface is dispersed in two distinct ways. Warm, salty anomalies in T–S diagrams suggest that water from the permanent thermocline is transported vertically as a result of turbulent entrainment of meltwater at the iceberg's base. Stepped profiles of temperature, salinity, and density in the seasonal thermocline are more characteristic of double-diffusive processes that transfer meltwater horizontally away from the vertical ice face. These processes contribute comparable amounts of meltwater–O(0.1 m3) to the upper 200 m of a 1 m2 water column–but only basal melting results in significant upwelling of water from below the Winter Water layer into the seasonal thermocline, suggesting that these two processes may have different effects on vertical nutrient transport near an iceberg.
African Americans With Cancer Pain Are More Likely to Receive an Analgesic With Toxic Metabolite Despite Clinical Risks: A Mediation Analysis Study

Purpose Renal impairment is highly prevalent among patients with cancer, and many patients have undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) from underlying disease, treatment, or both. African American individuals have disproportionate risk factors (diabetes, hypertension) predisposing them to CKD. We investigated whether African American patients are more likely than white patients to receive morphine with 3- and 6-glucuronide metabolites, which are known to be neurotoxic and accumulate in CKD; whether insurance type mediates the relationship between race and the prescriber's opioid selection; and whether the chosen opioid has a resultant negative effect according to race. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 182) were recruited from oncology clinics within the University of Pennsylvania Health System. Inclusion was based on self-identified African American or white race, age older than 18 years, and the presence of cancer-related pain plus a prescription for morphine or oxycodone. Kidney function was estimat...
A Supernova Riddle

Analysis of the polarization of light from supernovae can reveal the shape and distribution of matter ejected from exploding stars.
ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY OF RABBIT WHOLE BLOOD DETERMINED BY THE INTRAVAGINAL PELLET METHOD

A SIMPLIFIED method for the bioassay of estrogens in the blood is urgently needed. Several technics have been suggested thus far. That of Frank and Goldberger, (1935), required the use of 40 cc. of whole blood which after chemical extraction will yield in the normal human subject only 1 mouse unit by the standard Allen Doisy technic. Thus, the large volume of blood necessary for a positive response invalidates this method for wholesale testing. The paravaginal estrogen assay method of Hartman and Littrell (1945) is reported by these workers to be extremely sensitive, yielding positive responses with as little as 0.02 cc. whole blood. However, Lloyd et al. (1946) in a similar study, found that “the inconstancy of results and lack of sensitivity of this method preclude its use as a quantitative assay method.”
Reaction‐Bonded and Superplastically Sinter‐Forged Silicon Nitride–Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites

Silicon nitride–silicon carbide (Si3N4–SiC) nanocomposites were fabricated by a process involving reaction bonding followed by superplastic sinter-forging. The nanocomposites exhibited an anisotropic microstructure, in which rod-shaped, micrometer-sized Si3N4 grains tended to align with their long axes along the material-flow direction. SiC particles, typically measuring several hundred nanometers, were located at the Si3N4 grain boundaries, and nanosized particles were dispersed inside the Si3N4 grains. A high bending strength of 1246 ± 119 MPa, as well as a high fracture toughness of 8.2 ± 0.9 MPa·m1/2, was achieved when a stress was applied along the grain-alignment direction.
Using utility prediction models to dynamically choose program thread counts

Multithreaded applications can simultaneously execute on a chip multiprocessor computer, starting and stopping without warning or pattern. The behavior of each program can be different, interacting in unexpected ways, including causing competition for CPU cycles, which harms performance.
A Solvent-Dyeing Process for Aramid Fibers

A solvent-dyeing process for aramid fibers is described which is capable of producing fiber and fabrics having excellent depth of shades. The brightness of the fibers and fabrics is quite high when the undyed fibers are bright. When properly selected basic dyes are used, and when heavy shades are developed on the fabrics, good dyed lightfastness values are ob tained. Carpet samples of Nomex® dyed via the solvent-dyeing process described are considerably brighter, cleaner, and deeper in shades than commercial carpet samples of Nomex dyed using the producer-recommended dyeing process. More over, the dyed lightfastness values (Gray Scale) are considerably higher for these solvent-dyed carpet samples. Thus. ratings as poor as 2 and 1 after, respectively, 20 and 40 hours in the Fade-Ometer were obtained on the commercial carpet samples, whereas certain of the test samples rated 2—3 even after 320 hours.In addition to the improvement in dyeing obtained with the solvent-dyeing process, it was observed that the a...
Filamin A and Filamin B are co-expressed within neurons during periods of neuronal migration and can physically interact

Mutations in the X-linked gene Filamin A (FLNA) lead to the human neurological disorder, periventricular heterotopia (PH). Although PH is characterized by a failure in neuronal migration into the cerebral cortex with consequent formation of nodules in the ventricular and subventricular zones, many neurons appear to migrate normally, even in males, suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Here we characterize expression patterns for FlnA and a highly homologous protein Filamin B (FlnB) within the nervous system, in order to better understand their potential roles in cortical development. FlnA mRNA was widely expressed in all cortical layers while FlnB mRNA was most highly expressed in the ventricular and subventricular zones during development. In adulthood, widespread but reduced expression of FlnA and FlnB persisted throughout the cerebral cortex. FlnA and FlnB proteins were highly expressed in both the leading processes and somata of migratory neurons during corticogenesis. Postnatally, FlnA immunoreactivity was largely localized to the cell body with FlnB in the soma and neuropil during neuronal differentiation. In adulthood, diminished expression of both proteins localized to the cell soma and nucleus. Moreover, the putative FLNB homodimerization domain strongly interacted with itself or the corresponding homologous region of FLNA by yeast two-hybrid interaction, the two proteins co-localized within neuronal precursors by immunocytochemistry and the existence of FLNA-FLNB heterodimers could be detected by co-immunoprecipitation. These results suggest that FLNA and FLNB may form both homodimers and heterodimers and that their interaction could potentially compensate for the loss of FLNA function during cortical development within PH individuals.
Disentangling extrinsic from intrinsic factors in disease dynamics: a nonlinear time series approach with an application to cholera.

Abstract: Alternative explanations for disease and other population cycles typically include extrinsic environmental drivers, such as climate variability, and intrinsic nonlinear dynamics resulting from feedbacks within the system, such as species interactions and density dependence. Because these different factors can interact in nonlinear systems and can give rise to oscillations whose frequencies differ from those of extrinsic drivers, it is difficult to identify their respective contributions from temporal population patterns. In the case of disease, immunity is an important intrinsic factor. However, for many diseases, such as cholera, for which immunity is temporary, the duration and decay pattern of immunity is not well known. We present a nonlinear time series model with two related objectives: the reconstruction of immunity patterns from data on cases and population sizes and the identification of the respective roles of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in the dynamics. Extrinsic factors here incl...
Plasma dopamine in regulation of canine renal blood flow

Studies were performed in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs to determine whether circulating plasma dopamine (DA) is involved in renal blood flow (RBF) regulation. During graded reductions in renal perfusion pressure (RPP), total renal venous (RV) DA content significantly increased at RPPs below the autoregulatory range. The RBF response to decrements in RPP was also examined during control, infusion of DA (1.2 micrograms.kg(-1).min(-1)ia), and after DA receptor blockade by SCH 23390 (30 micrograms/kg iv). During DA infusion, autoregulation was still evident over the same RPPs, although at higher flow rates. At pressures below the autoregulatory range, RBF decreased linearly and the autoregulatory curve merged with control at 50 mmHg. After SCH 23390, autoregulation ceased at a higher RPP than during control, and RBF was significantly less than control rates at pressures of 80 mmHg and below. To elucidate reasons for this latter response, reductions in RPP were repeated before and after administration of both prazosin (0.1 mg/kg iv) and SCH 23390. The results indicated that RBF rates were not different from control at any RPP. Further, prazosin alone did not alter renal autoregulation but significantly increased RBF at RPP below the autoregulatory range. Thus these results indicate that dopamine does not participate in RBF control at pressures above the inflection point for the lowest limit of RBF autoregulation but may be released at lower RPP to act as a vasodilator agent to oppose alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated reductions in RBF. Moreover, tonic DA receptor activation may influence the setting of the lower limit of canine RBF autoregulation.
Taxonomy of ' Euconnus complex'. Part VII. Glabriconnus , a new subgenus of Euconnus from Madagascar (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

A new subgenus of Euconnus Thomson is described, Glabriconnus subgen. n., to accommodate four Madagascan species: Euconnus banari sp. n. (type species of Glabriconnus ), E. andranomenaus sp. n., E. februarius sp. n. and E. aterrimus Franz (transferred from Euconnus s. str.). Morphological structures of the new taxa are illustrated and described in detail, and possible relationships of Glabriconnus are discussed. The new subgenus is most similar to Tetramelus Motschulsky and Paratetramelus Franz in gradually thickened antennae and reduction of wings and associated structures, but the four species included in Glabriconnus share a unique synapomorphy, a hypomeral groove at each side of pronotum. They also have a broad, short and flattened 'anthiciform' head; nearly glabrous head, pronotum and elytra, except for thick bristles on genae, postgenae (but not tempora) and along anterior and lateral pronotal margins, and pronotum with one pair of distinct lateral pits.
Recent Dispersal Events among Solomon Islands Bird Species Reveal Differing Potential Routes of Island Colonization

Abstract: Species assemblages on islands are products of colonization and extinction events, with traditional models of island biogeography emphasizing build-up of biodiversity on small islands via colonizations from continents or other large landmasses. However, recent phylogenetic studies suggest that islands can also act as sources of biodiversity, but few such “upstream” colonizations have been directly observed. I report four putative examples of recent range expansions among the avifauna of Makira and its satellite islands in the Solomon Islands, a region that has recently been subject to extensive anthropogenic habitat disturbance. They include three separate examples of inter island dispersal, involving Geoffroyus heteroclitus, Cinnyris jugularis, and Rhipidura rufifrons, which together represent three distinct possible patterns of colonization, and one example of probable downslope altitudinal range expansion in Petroica multicolor. Because each of these species is easily detected when present, a...
Four Theories in Search of a Reality: James Burnham, Soviet Communism, and the Cold War

Right-wing and Left-wing attitudes toward the cold war are strikingly similar because in some cases the anti-communist is himself an ex-communist. This is particularly true of James Burnham, a former disciple of Leon Trotsky and presently the diplomatic columnist of William F. Buckley's National Review. Burnham's writings have had profound influence in America, especially at the time of the outbreak of the Korean War when officials in Washington saw in his books both an answer to “containment” and the first theoretical formulation of the new policy of “liberation-rollback.”Burnham's own views on the cold war, however, have undergone a number of significant changes and revisions. At different times in his career he has offered four different and often contradictory interpretations of communism: (a) first, the Soviet Union as a “managerial” state that marks the end of Trotsky's dream of “permanent revolution”; (b) next, communism as the latest expression of Machiavellianism that augers the eclipse of liberal democracy and seemingly the inevitability of Stalin; (c) then, during the early cold war period, managerialism and Machiavellianism are dropped and Soviet behavior is now attributed to a Marxist Weltanschauung that replaces power politics with ideological determinism; (d) finally, Burnham criticizes Kennan, Morgenthau, and Lippmann for failing to adopt a “dialectical” viewpoint in order to understand the “dual” nature of the Soviet Union-an ironic reinvocation of Trotsky's earlier message to the Old Left.The article attempts a critical analysis both of Burnham's shifting perspectives and of the ethical dilemmas in his political thought. It may also be read as a chapter in the intellectual history of the cold war.
Creep buckling of simply supported moderately thin circular cylindrical shells

The creep deformations of a circular cylindrical shell are calculated under the action of uniform axial compression. The edges of the shell of finite length are simply supported and the deformations are assumed to be axially symmetric. Such axisymmetric deformations have been observed to occur when the shell is moderately thin-walled. The solution is obtained in the form of trigonometric series for the stresses and displacements.
Austrian economics in America: Ludwig von Mises: Austrian economics in America

Although it was Friedrich Hayek who brought Austrian economic ideas to England, it was his older colleague and mentor, Ludwig von Mises who is most identified with Austrian economics in America. This is not to say that Mises was the first Austrian economist to emigrate to the United States. Indeed, Mises was the last who can be said to have been pushed out of his native country by the advance of Hitler's armies during the interwar period. Preceding Mises had been such eminent figures as Joseph Schumpeter, Gottfried Haberler, Fritz Machlup, and Oscar Morgenstern, all of whom obtained good academic appointments in major American universities and assimilated themselves nicely into the indigenous academic scene. Mises, on the other hand, arrived in the United States in 1940, never acquired a tenured academic appointment, never fully assimilated into the contemporary academic milieu, and ended up becoming the controversial symbol of Austrian economics in America. It also turned out, undoubtedly because of his professional isolation from the mainstream academic community, that Mises' ideas became the focal point for the Austrian revival of the 1970s. As we have already noted, Mises was one of the younger generation of Austrian economists who studied under Bohm-Bawerk and Wieser at the University of Vienna in the opening years of the twentieth century. Mises received his law degree in 1906, and after a brief stint as a law clerk, he accepted a position at the Vienna Chamber of Commerce in 1909 (Mises, 1978:71).
Do Standardized Patients Have Concerns About Students Not Captured by Traditional Assessment Forms

ABSTRACTConstruct: Traditionally, standardized patients (SPs) assess students' clinical skills principally through numerical rating forms—an approach that may not fully capture SPs' concerns. SPs are students' closest approximation to real patients. To maximally benefit students' clinical training and evaluation it is important to find ways to give voice to the totality of SPs' perspectives. Background: SPs have been shown to be a reliable and valid means to assess medical students' clinical skills in clinical skills examinations. We noticed, however, that SPs often express “off the record” concerns about students, which they do not include on traditional assessment forms. Approach: To explore these “off the record” concerns, we designed a Concerns item and added it to the traditional assessment form for an end-of-3rd-year clinical skills examination shared by three medical schools. We asked SPs to use this Concerns item to identify students about whom they had any “gut-level” concerns and provided them w...
Effect of professional personnel on health education for STD patients

Objectives:To study the effects of professional personnel on health education for STD patients.Method:130 cases of STD patients were randomly divided into 2 groups:with 65 cases in each group.The observation group had full- time professional staff who were responsible for the health education and psychological interventions;while the control group does not receive health education from professional personnel.Instead,they had a questionnaire to complete with the help of consultants.The results were compared and analysed by the"STD questionnaire"issued by Beijing CDC.Results:The rate of return visits,the qualified rate of STD knowledge,the needs for the STD knowledge and the questionnaire return rates of the observation group were all significantly higher than those of the control group,while the anxiety index of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group.Conclusion:Health education provided by professional personnel can have a good effect on STD patients and could better the education results.
Test Results of HFMD Pathogen by Real-time RT-PCR in Baoji District during 2009-2010

[Objective] To identify the main HFMD pathogens in Baoji City from 2009 to 2010. [Methods]A total of 206 specimens of patients infected with HFMD were collected and then tested by the means of RT-PCR to detect such enterovirus as EV71,CA16,and others. [Results]The positive rates in 2009 was 84.0%,and the positive rate of EV71 was 76.0%.The positive rate in 2010 was 68.0%,that of CA16 was 43.1%.To analyze the results of this 2 years,the main pathogen of severe cases was EV71.The ratio of male cases to female cases was 1.55∶1;most patients were children under 5 years;and most specimens were collected during April to July. [Conclusion]The main pathogen of HFMD was EV71 in Baoji District in 2009,and that in 2010 was CA16.
Renormalization of optical transition strengths in semiconductor nanoparticles due to band mixing

Abstract Unique optical properties of semiconductor nanoparticles (SN) make them very promising in the multitude of applications including lasing, light emission and photovoltaics. In many of these applications it is imperative to understand the physics of interaction of electrons in a SN with external electromagnetic fields on the quantitative level. In particular, the strength of electron–photon coupling determines such important SN parameters as the radiative lifetime and absorption cross section. This strength is often assumed to be fully encoded by the so called Kane momentum matrix element. This parameter, however, pertains to a bulk semiconductor material and, as such, is not sensitive to the quantum confinement effects in SNs. In this work we demonstrate that the quantum confinement, via the so called band mixing, can result in a significant suppression of the strength of electron interaction with electromagnetic field. Within the envelope function formalism we show how this suppression can be described by introducing an effective energy-dependent Kane momentum. Then, the effect of band mixing on the efficiencies of various photoinduced processes can be fully captured by the conventional formulae (e.g., spontaneous emission rate), once the conventional Kane momentum is substituted with the renormalized energy-dependent Kane momentum introduced in here. As an example, we evaluate the energy-dependent Kane momentum for spherical PbSe and PbS SNs (i.e., quantum dots) and show that neglecting band mixing in these systems can result in the overestimation of absorption cross sections and emission rates by a factor of ∼ 2.
T-cell inflamed phenotype and PDL1 expression in malignant mesothelioma.

7589 Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM), a universally lethal disease caused principally by asbestos exposure, develops in the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and tunica vaginalis. MM is commo...
An Alternative Isovelocity Surface Model for Quantitation of Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area in Mitral Regurgitation With an Elongated Orifice: Application to Functional Mitral Regurgitation

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a simple, clinically practical alternative isovelocity surface (ISVS) model for calculating effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) i...
Fluorescence and Energy Transfer in Dye-Labeled DNA Crystals

DNA crystals make it possible to organize guest molecules into specific periodic 3D patterns at the nanoscale, and thereby to create novel macroscopic objects with potentially useful functionality. Here, we describe the fluorescence and energy transfer properties of DNA crystals that are self-assembled from DNA tensegrity triangles with covalently attached Cy3 and Cy5 dyes. When compared to reference DNA strands in solution, the fluorescence measurements indicate that the dyes in the crystal experience a more homogeneous environment, resulting in a 2-fold increase in Cy3 quantum yield and single-exponential Cy3 fluorescence decays. Energy transfer in a network of coupled Cy3 and Cy5 dyes in the DNA crystal is demonstrated experimentally. Numerical simulation finds the experiments to be consistent with a Forster model of the dyes in the periodic crystalline environment, and particularly if the transition dipoles are assumed random in orientation but static on the time scale of the excitation decay.
3D Simulation of Drop Impact on Dry Surface Using SPH Method

The purpose of this paper is to present and illustrate a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to study the process of a drop impacting on a dry solid surface. SPH is a Lagrangian mesh-free particle method that offers advantages in modeling the evolution of the liquid surface during drop impact. A new surface tension model is used. The artificial viscosity is also used, which is demonstrated to be, approximately, a linear function of the dynamic viscosity of the liquid. The SPH method is used to simulate different liquid drops impacting on dry surfaces. The numerical results agree with experimental data obtained from the literature. The influence of various parameters on the drop impact, including impact velocity, diameter, viscosity, surface tension, and density of the drop, is also studied. The results show that the dimensionless spreading diameter of the drop increases if the impact velocity, diameter, or density increases, while the increase in viscosity and surface tension decreases the spreading diameter. The results indicate that the drop impact depends more strongly on the viscosity and impact velocity than on the diameter, surface tension, and density of the drop. In addition to the impact of a spherical drop, the impact of an ellipsoidal drop on a dry surface is also studied. The results show that the aspect ratio of the drop has a significant influence on the outcome of drop impact.
Not just a bump on the head: ultrasound as first‐line imaging in a boy with Pott's puffy tumour

While computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have established roles in evaluating Pott's puffy tumour, ultrasound can play a valuable role in identifying the condition, particularly in children. We present the case of a boy with a fluctuant forehead lump and headaches, where ultrasound was the first-line imaging modality and expedited further investigations.
Identification of lead and other elements in ceramic glazes and housewares by 109Cd-induced X-ray fluorescence emission spectrometry

Radioisotope x-ray fluorescence spectrometry was investigated as a potential screening method for Pb and other elements in housewares. Thirty-six commercial houseware items and 87 ceramic test tiles (85 fired with hobby glazes and 2 blank bisques) were examined qualitatively for the presence of Pb by using 109Cd-induced L x-ray fluorescence emission spectrometry. For the housewares, the technique provided fast, nondestructive analysis of areas with about 10 cm diameters (general regions) to about 4 mm diameters (isolated design regions). Pb was found in 25 of 28 ceramicware items, in all 8 other housewares, and in all the test-tile glazes above the limit of detection of 1 count per second (cps) for Pb L beta x-rays. For housewares, Pb identification did not always correspond to Pb leachability. For 68 test-tile glazes labeled as containing Pb (39 of which were also labeled 'dinnerware safe' or 'safe for food containers'), count rates ranged from 290 to 730 cps, whereas for the other 17 glazes labeled (with one exception) 'non-toxic,' much lower count rates (5-61 cps) were obtained. Other elements found in the housewares or test glazes were As, Au, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sr, Y, Zn, and Zr.
Die antiklerikale Reformation und ihr Feindbild, der „Dr. Theologiae“ Faustus

Antiklerikalismus ist ein gut dokumentierter aber allgemein unterschatzter Aspekt der deutschen Reformation, der auch in der deutschen Literatur des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts einen Niederschlag gefunden hat. Dieser Beitrag geht den Erscheinungsformen der Pfaffenfeindlichkeit in der popularen und polemischen Literatur des Jahrhunderts nach und zeigt, wie ihre Erscheinung durch die Streitkultur der religiosen Auseinandersetzungen verwandelt worden ist. Der Antiklerikalismus und die damit assoziierte Streitkultur bilden den Hintergrund des Faustbuchs von 1587 und ermoglichen eine konkrete Berucksichtigung seiner Inhalte und seiner fruhen Rezeption.
Empathy for Non-Kin, the Faraway, the Unfamiliar, and the Abstract––An Interdisciplinary Study on Mencian Moral Cultivation and a Response to Prinz

This article challenges the pessimistic view that empathy and other fellow feelings are biased and erratic motivation for morality. By discussing Mencius’ account on how to develop empathy from its biased and erratic beginnings, I argue that empathy can be extended to less common objects, such as non-kin, the faraway, the unfamiliar, and the abstract. The extension facilitated by empathy in turn enhances one’s moral cognition toward the sufferings of less common objects; the extension also helps to include less common objects into one’s circle of care. I respond to critics of empathy such as Prinz by highlighting the dynamic cultivational process of empathy that they overlook, and further point out that empathy can be cultivated so as to provide a remedy for the biases that no emotion is immune to. This article contributes to the ongoing discussion on moral cultivation in the Chinese philosophy community and the dispute over empathy’s role in morality in contemporary ethics.
Lithium prophylaxis of tricyclic-antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar patients.

The authors reviewed the charts of3O bipolar patients taking lithium who were treated with tricvclic antidepressants; 12
Manipulation of Potato Protein: Biotechnological Approaches and Lessons from Evolution

Patatin accounts for 30–40 percent of the protein in potato tubers. Unlike most plant storage proteins, patatin is extremely well balanced nutritionally with an amino acid composition similar to casein. By using the promoter from the patatin gene and a high efficiency transformation system that we have developed, we can introduce any foreign gene into potato plants and have it specifically expressed in tubers. To determine how to best increase the amount of protein in tubers, we are investigating the regulation evolution of major ‘tuber-specific’ genes such as patatin. We have found that all of the trans-acting regulatory factors necessary for high levels of patatin gene expression are present in both tuberizing and nontuberizing plants. While both the patatin structural gene and the cis-acting elements necessary for tuber-specifc expression are also present in nontuberizing species, they are arranged differently and in some cases are even on different chromosomes.
Extinction Models for Local Populations

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews stochastic models of extinction within a local population. The main thread of the chapter is an analytic model of environmental stochasticity, in which populations fluctuate between a ceiling and extinction. A diffusion analysis of environmental and demographic stochasticity is complemented by analytic and numerical investigations into the robustness of the analysis. The environmental stochasticity model presented in this chapter generates simple analytic predictions of extinction rates and population densities. These can be used in metapopulation models to improve analysis of the fundamental processes of extinction and colonization. The environmental stochasticity model has many largely unexplored implications for metapopulation dynamics. Emigration rates are influenced by local fluctuations; extinction rates become correlated across populations; and the time scales of local growth and extinction may overlap. Simulations in discrete time, used in the study, show that the diffusion analysis works. The robustness investigations show that the model can be extended to deal with many biological details.
The Role of Horizontal Transfer in Shaping the Plant Mitochondrial Genome

Plant mitochondrial genomes are highly active in transferring genetic material between species. They have also gained and lost significant portions of their genomes by intracellular transfer with the plastid and nuclear genomes. Examples exist for all of these types and directions of transfer, and it is now clear that these processes have greatly contributed to the current composition of plant mitochondria today. Despite major advances in our understanding of horizontal transfer over the last 20 years, evidence for the mechanisms of transfer is still limited, although direct contact via parasitism, epiphytic interactions, and grafting likely facilitates interspecific transmission. The elucidation of the extent and mechanisms of horizontal transfer involving plant mitochondria may prove important for developing a plant mitochondrial transformation system and may offer clues to the extent of nuclear horizontal gene transfer in plants.
Development of CdCl2 Activation to Minimize Zn Loss from Sputtered Cd1-xZnxTe Thin Films for Use in Tandem Solar Cells

Increasing the band gap of cadmium telluride (CdTe) from 1.48 eV to > 2 eV can be achieved by alloying CdTe with ZnTe. Like CdTe, the alloyed films are expected to allow for low cost production, suggesting that Cd1-xZnxTe could be an ideal top cell for mass produced tandem devices. However, the CdCl2 activation of the alloyed films results in a significant loss of Zn, thereby reducing the bandgap. In this study, we demonstrate a novel CdCl2 activation method that does not result in significant Zn loss. By performing the activation step in a closed, inert environment we are able to avoid oxidation of the Zn in the Cd1-xZnxTe film; furthermore, by including sacrificial Zn in the container, an overpressure of ZnCl2 forms limiting the amount of ZnCl2 formed in the film. Both x-ray diffraction, optical measurements, and Auger spectroscopy show that the CdCl2 treatment with no flowing gas minimizes the loss of Zn from the CZT alloy.
Bayesian Graphical Games for Synchronization in Dynamical Systems

In this paper, differential games with incomplete information, or Bayesian games, are formulated for a set of continuous-time dynamical systems linked together by a communication graph. These new Bayesian graphical games for dynamical systems represent the situation where the agents are uncertain about their actual payoff and must collect additional information to improve their estimation of the real setting of their environment. Furthermore, the agents play their best response strategies with respect to the policies of their neighbors. A tight relationship between the beliefs of an agent and his distributed best response policy is obtained. Conditions for the so-called Bayes-Nash equilibrium are provided. A distributed belief update algorithm is developed that does not require the full knowledge of graph topology.
A tool to compute the landslide degree of risk using R-Studio and R-Shiny

Landslide risk zones are common in urban areas of Brazil. Around the world, studies to map landslide hazard are common and they use different methodologies; however, very few studies focus on mapping landslide risk areas. In occupied urban areas, mapping the landslide hazard doesn't solve the problem since now it is not a matter of being able or not to build in hazard zone but knowing where the risk areas are so the municipality can manage these areas closely. The City Ministry/IPT Methodology has been used to map the landslide degree of risk in many municipalities. This method requires fieldwork and a decision as to the degree of risk based on the personal judgment of technicians in the field and also require time and money. To make the degree of risk less dependent on the judgment of technicians in the field and allow municipalities to update their risk map, we have developed an app using RStudio software and the Shiny app package. The app computes the degree of risk automatically using data inputs and each parameter's weight. Consequently, the app makes it easy to calculate the degree of landslide risk and decreases the subjectivity. Moreover, it is a tool that is free of costs as it uses open source software. Local governments will be better able to create and update maps of their landslide risk areas. More importantly, this app will contribute to the mitigation of the landslide risk.
Animal Models for the Study of Bone Derived Pain

Bone pain is a prevalent issue in society today and also is one of the hardest types of pain to control. Pain originating in the bone can be caused by many different entities including metastatic and primary neoplasm, fracture, osteoarthritis as well as numerous other metabolic disorders. In this chapter we describe the methods and protocols that currently are accepted and validated for the study of bone pain in models of metastatic cancer, bicortical fracture and osteoarthritis. These animal models provide invaluable information as to the nature of bone pain and give rise to potential new targets for its treatment and management.
The Organization of Social Enterprises: Transacting versus Giving

Traditional models of organizations focus on the distinction between for-profits and nonprofits. This article presents a model where entrepreneurs receive subsidy-donations and have a choice not only between the for-profit and non-profit forms, but also between (1) giving to the beneficiaries, and (2) forming social enterprises that transact with them. Entrepreneurs form social enterprises to measure beneficiaries’ abilities and tailor disbursals to their needs when variance in abilities is high. When variance is very high, social entrepreneurs choose to form for-profits rather than nonprofits. This analysis has implications for the theory of the firm and policies to promote social entrepreneurship.
Who do I look at? Mutual gaze in triadic sales encounters

Abstract Mutual gaze (i.e., eye contact) is linked to both positive outcomes such as trust and liking, and negative outcomes such as dominance and hostility. When selling to multiple people, salespeople must decide how to divide mutual gaze between customers. Too much or little time spent looking at a particular customer could reduce rapport. This research addresses two research questions: (1) Are salespeople more inclined to share mutual gaze with certain customers? And (2) What is the effect of mutual gaze focused primarily on one particular customer compared to sharing mutual gaze with both customers more equitably? Real sales encounters were analyzed and two follow-up experimental studies were conducted. The results show that salespeople tend to share mutual gaze with customers who are similar when first meeting, and those who speak more. Sharing mutual gaze equitably between customers when first meeting is typically more beneficial than focusing on a particular customer.
Politics and National Curriculum Policy

(1977). Politics and National Curriculum Policy. Curriculum Inquiry: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 355-361.
Through a Critical Lens: Expertise in Epidemiology for and by Indigenous Peoples:

Epidemiology for and by Indigenous peoples uses quantitative and statistical methods to better document Indigenous health concerns, and is oriented around providing data for use in advocacy to prom...
Affective solidarities or group boundaries? Muslims’ place in America’s racial and religious order

Muslims in the U.S. have been politically targeted as a threat to the nation. Yet, little is known about how most Americans’ attitudes are formed toward this growing group. While often othered in t...
Predialysis fluid overload and gait speed: a repeated measures analysis among patients on chronic dialysis.

BACKGROUND Slow gait speed is associated with hospitalization and death. We examined whether predialysis fluid overload contributes to gait speed impairment. METHODS We measured predialysis gait speed at baseline and 12 and 24 months among 298 patients recruited in the A Cohort Study to Investigate the Value of Exercise in ESRD/Analyses Designed to Investigate the Paradox of Obesity and Survival in ESRD. We used multivariable linear mixed modeling to examine associations between patient data and gait speed. We then added either bioimpedance-estimated volume of predialysis fluid overload or volume of delivered ultrafiltration to ascertain whether fluid excess was associated with gait speed and its trajectory. We also tested whether fluid overload change with time was predictive of gait speeds. RESULTS The mean baseline gait speed was 1.01 m/s and it declined by an average of 0.08 m/s/year. Older age, nonwhite race, Hispanic ethnicity, diabetes, recent fall, recent hospitalization, tobacco use and lower serum albumin were associated with slower gait speed. Each liter of predialysis fluid overload was associated with a 0.02 m/s slower gait speed [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01-0.04, P = 0.008] and 0.05 m/s additional slowing per year (95% CI 0.03-0.06, P < 0.0001). Higher ultrafiltration volumes were associated with 0.07 m/s slower gait speed per 3% body weight removed (0.002-0.14, P = 0.045) but not with gait speed trajectory (P = 0.08). Patients who increased fluid overload walked 0.08 m/s slower compared with those who decreased fluid overload (95% CI 0.003-0.15, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Predialysis fluid overload was associated with slower gait speed and gait speed decline over time. Interventions that limit fluid overload may lead to improvements in physical performance.
Updated Evaluation of the Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability of Pirfenidone in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrotic disease characterized by a progressive decline in lung function with a median survival of 3-5 years after diagnosis. The course of disease is highly variable and unpredictable, often punctuated by episodes of acute respiratory failure, known as acute exacerbations. The incidence of IPF is on the rise due to the aging population, as age is the most important risk factor for this disease. Pirfenidone and nintedanib are the two anti-fibrotic drugs approved for IPF which have shown reduction in lung function decline. This review will discuss the efficacy, safety and tolerability profile of pirfenidone from clinical trials and the real-world clinical experience. Pirfenidone reduces the decline in lung function and improves progression-free survival in patients with IPF. It is generally well tolerated with the most common side effects being gastrointestinal and phototoxicity.
Romeo: Conversion and Evaluation of HDL Designs in the Encrypted Domain

As cloud computing becomes increasingly ubiquitous, protecting the confidentiality of data outsourced to third parties becomes a priority. While encryption is a natural solution to this problem, traditional algorithms may only protect data at rest and in transit, but do not support encrypted processing. In this work we introduce ROMEO, which enables easy-to-use privacy-preserving processing of data in the cloud using homomorphic encryption. ROMEO automatically converts arbitrary programs expressed in Verilog HDL into equivalent homomorphic circuits that are evaluated using encrypted inputs. For our experiments, we employ cryptographic circuits, such as AES, and benchmarks from the ISCAS’85 and ISCAS’89 suites.
Clusters in the Luminous Giant HII Regions in M101

(Abridged) We have obtained HST WFPC2 observations of three very luminous but morphologically different giant HII regions (GHRs) in M101, NGC5461, NGC5462, and NGC5471, in order to study cluster formation in GHRs. The measured (M_F547M - M_F675W) colors and M_F547M magnitudes are used to determine the ages and masses of the cluster candidates with M_F547M <= -9.0. NGC5461 is dominated by a very luminous core, and has been suggested to host a super-star cluster (SSC). Our observations show that it contains three R136-class clusters superposed on a bright stellar background in a small region. This tight group of clusters may dynamically evolve into an SSC in the future, and may appear unresolved and be identified as an SSC at large distances, but at present NGC5461 has no SSCs. NGC5462 has loosely distributed HII regions and clusters without a prominent core. It has the largest number of cluster candidates among the three GHRs, but most of them are faint and older than 10 Myr. NGC5471 has multiple bright HII regions, and contains a large number of faint clusters younger than 5 Myr. Two of the clusters in NGC5471 are older than R136, but just as luminous; they may be the most massive clusters in the three GHRs. The fraction of stars formed in massive clusters is estimated from the clusters' contribution to the total stellar continuum emission and a comparison of the ionizing power of the clusters to the ionizing requirement of the associated HII regions. Both estimates show that <~ 50% of massive stars are formed in massive clusters. The cluster luminosity functions (CLFs) of the three GHRs show different slopes. NGC5462 has the steepest CLF and the most loosely distributed interstellar gas, qualitatively consistent with the hypothesis that massive clusters are formed in high-pressure interstellar environments.