cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lamb’s Lear

Charles Lamb’s version of King Lear epitomizes the challenges remediators of Shakespeare’s plays confront. Shakespeare’s play provides a case study in the aesthetics of remediation because the story of King Lear is precisely the story of remediation. This begins for us with Shakespeare as a remediator of his several primary sources—Geoffrey of Monmouth, Holinshed, Sidney, and the anonymous play The True Chronicle Historie of King Leir and His Three Daughters, among others—but does not stop there. It also includes Shakespeare as self-adapter (his revision of the Q1 Lear into the F1 Lear), and extends well beyond Shakespeare’s own lifetime—from Tate’s Restoration version and its many heirs through to the middle years of the nineteenth century. And it is a process that culminates (but that does not conclude) with the work of the “new revisionists” in the 1980s and 1990s whose work both restored to us the multiple Shakespeare Lear plays and helped to usher in a new figure for contemporary readers: Shakespeare as reviser of his own work. It is the double burden of this chapter to locate Charles Lamb’s revolutionary work in his remediation of King Lear and to rethink the centrality of remediation to Shakespeare.
Analysis of the Microsurgery Match from 2014 to 2018 Reveals Increased Competition for Microsurgery Fellowship Positions

Background There has been no peer-reviewed published data analyzing the microsurgery match since it was established. The aim of this study is to present and analyze match data to inform residents and programs regarding outcomes. Methods Anonymized data were requested from the San Francisco Match, which was plotted and analyzed utilizing Pearson's Chi-square, unpaired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Match data was obtained from the years 2014 to 2018. The match rate decreased from 84.6% in 2015 to 67.3% in 2018, mean = 73.7 (8.29%), and (p = 0.01735). The position fill rate fluctuated from 82.9% in 2014 to 90.0% in 2016, mean = 86.5 (3.0%). In 2014 and 2015, 66.7% of applicants matched their first or second choice compared to 48.0% in 2018, mean = 58.7 (8.3%), (p =.04785). Matched applicants ranked mean = 6.6 (1.4%) programs versus 3.4 (1.3) for unmatched, (p Conclusion The application process for microsurgery has become more competitive. Matched applicants rank more programs than do unmatched. Fully filled programs rank more applicants per position than do unfilled or partially filled. Applicants and programs are increasingly less likely to match their top choices.
Latino Adolescents’ Understandings of Good Parent–Adolescent Relationships: Common Themes and Subtle Differences

Parenting and parent–child relationships have emerged as central determinants of adolescents’ psychological well-being and adjustment (Parke & Buriel, 2006). In general, children who perceive their parents as warm and caring and who report good relationships with them have better psychological well-being and adjustment compared to youth who report troubled relationships with parents (Barber, Stolz, & Olsen, 2005). Although the general pattern of findings is compelling, the literature to date is limited in at least two ways. First, few studies have attempted to uncover how adolescents define good relationships with parents, despite the likelihood that adolescents’ subjective appraisals of parental behavior are critical to their well-being (Rohner, 2004). Instead, most studies employ questionnaire measures based on adults’ notions of what constitutes warm, supportive parenting. As a consequence, we know surprisingly little about how adolescents conceptualize good relationships with parents. Second, much of the research on parent–adolescent relationships has been Eurocentric, drawing on notions of good parenting common among European Americans. Yet, as several critiques have noted (e.g., Chao, 1994; Russell, Crockett, & Chao, 2010), notions of good parenting in other cultural groups may include additional concepts and responsibilities which need to be considered to understand parenting in those groups. Of particular relevance to this chapter, cultural values may create a frame of reference that children use to interpret parental behaviors. Thus, to understand parent–adolescent relationships and their effects in Latino families, it is necessary to determine which features of relationships and parental behaviors are salient within these groups.
A Naturally Stabilized Semi-Lagrangian Meshfree Formulation for Multiphase Porous Media with Application to Landslide Modeling

AbstractA stabilized meshfree formulation for modeling nonlinear, multiphase porous media with application to landslide simulation is presented. To effectively capture the hydromechanical couplings...
Examining Facets of Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Invalidating Childhood Environments and Emotion Regulation

Research has shown that growing up in an environment in which emotions are invalidated (i.e., ignored or responded to negatively) by parents is associated with later difficulties regulating emotion...
Individuals in same-sex relationships maintain relational well-being despite the frequency and severity of heterosexism

Heterosexism represents a pervasive minority stressor for sexual minority individuals; however, the research presents mixed findings on the association between heterosexism and relational dynamics....
Perioperative Management of Metastatic Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma of the Humerus with the Aid of Regional Anesthesia

A 38-year-old female with a past history of pheochromocytoma and subsequent malignant paraganglioma presented with right arm pain after a fall. Imaging demonstrated a malunited humeral shaft associated with a large cortical destructive lesion and extraosseous extension. Here, we report the use of a multidisciplinary team approach including an endocrinologist, anesthesiologist, and orthopedic surgeon in the perioperative management of a patient with metastatic paraganglioma undergoing a surgical resection of the humerus, internal fixation, reconstruction, and placement of endoprosthesis. The challenges of perioperative anesthetic management and the use of regional anesthesia, especially peripheral nerve block for perioperative pain management, are highlighted.
The Whole is Greater Than the Sum of its Parts: GCS Versus GCS-Motor for Triage in Geriatric Trauma

Abstract Background Trauma field triage matches injured patients to the appropriate level of care. Prior work suggests the Glasgow Coma Scale motor (GCSm) is as accurate as the total GCS (GCSt) and easier to use. However, older patients present with higher GCS for a given injury, and as such, it is unclear if this substitution is advisable. Our objective was to compare the GCS deficit patterns between geriatric and adult patients presenting with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as the diagnostic performance of the GCSm versus GCSt within the field triage criteria in these populations. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients ≥16 y in the National Trauma Data Bank 2007–2015. GCS deficit patterns were compared between adults (16-65) and geriatric patients (>65). Measures of diagnostic performance of GCSt≤13 versus GCSm≤5 criteria to predict trauma center need (TCN) were compared. Results In total, 4,480,185 patients were analyzed (28% geriatric). Geriatric patients more frequently presented with non–motor–only deficits than adults (16.4% versus 12.4%, P Conclusions Geriatric patients more frequently present with non–motor–only deficits after injury, and this is associated with severe head injury. Substitution of GCSm for GCSt would exacerbate undertriage in geriatric patients and, thus, the total GCS should be maintained for field triage in geriatric patients.
Does One Bad Machine Spoil the Bunch?: A Review of Trust in Multiple-Component Systems:

Human-automation interactions are rapidly transitioning from single-component automated systems to multiple-component systems. The human-automation literature has yet to adequately explore trust wi...
Individual and relational differences in desire for touch in romantic relationships

Although touch is common in romantic relationships and is generally beneficial, people differ in the extent to which they desire to give and receive touch. The current research identified individua...
Redundant and non-redundant cytokine-activated enhancers control Csn1s2b expression in the lactating mouse mammary gland

Enhancers are transcription factor platforms that synergize with promoters to control gene expression. Here, we investigate enhancers that activate gene expression several hundred-fold exclusively in the lactating mouse mammary gland. Using ChIP-seq for activating histone marks and transcription factors, we identify two candidate enhancers and one super-enhancer in the Csn1s2b locus. Through experimental mouse genetics, we dissect the lactation-specific distal enhancer bound by the mammary-enriched transcription factors STAT5 and NFIB and the glucocorticoid receptor. While deletions of canonical binding motifs for NFIB and STAT5, individually or combined, have a limited biological impact, a non-canonical STAT5 site is essential for enhancer activity during lactation. In contrast, the intronic enhancer contributes to gene expression only in late pregnancy and early lactation, possibly by interacting with the distal enhancer. A downstream super-enhancer, which physically interacts with the distal enhancer, is required for the functional establishment of the Csn1s2b promoter and gene activation. Lastly, NFIB binding in the promoter region fine-tunes Csn1s2b expression. Our study provides comprehensive insight into the anatomy and biology of regulatory elements that employ the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and preferentially activate gene expression during lactation.
Managing Energy: A Team in Crisis

Volatility can emerge in any working group, particularly in a flat hierarchy with no established leader; add diversity and exhaustion to the mix, and a group is vulnerable to buckling under the pressure of its own goals. This fictional account of a contentious learning team at a business school dramatizes both the words and thoughts of the participants as frictions lead them to consider disbanding. It provides a means of discussing the nature of leadership among peers and in particular the critical but easily overlooked role of personal energy management--mental, physical, and emotional; even when the strengths of diversity are leveraged proactively, interpersonal interaction still requires a significant reservoir of positive energy, whereas its depletion can sabotage even the best of intentions. Excerpt UVA-OB-1023 Jul. 12, 2011 MANAGING ENERGY: A TEAM IN CRISIS October 16, 2005 Laila, a first-year student at the Darden School of Business, was not given to pacing. She did not like to ruminate either. She preferred to think and act in a linear fashion—from point A to point B. When faced with a recurring problem, she therefore did not walk back and forth, covering the same old ground repeatedly. Instead, she wandered. She was currently walking the second floor hallway of the classroom building and avoiding her learning team (LT62), which was due to meet in several minutes. Laila was unsure if she wanted to remain in the group. It was mid-October, and the first set of exams was right around the corner. In only two weeks' time, she'd be alone with her laptop and a stack of four-hour tests, and she needed the next two weeks to study. LT62 had been a drain on Laila since the start, and she wasn't sure it would benefit her grades to continue to spend her precious evening hours studying with these people. She had found other women with whom she felt much more of a common bond, both in terms of working style and personal level of comfort—when they studied together, Laila left feeling both helped and helpful. With her outside study group, Laila always learned something, whereas with LT62, that was often not the case. She ducked into one of the second-floor bathrooms and tried to compose herself so she could make a logical decision. . . .
A Study of Materials Impacts on Graphene Electrostatic Discharge Switches

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is required for ICs. Traditional in-Si PN junction ESD protection structures introduce significant ESD-induced design overheads including parasitic capacitance, leakage, noises and device sizes, which become unacceptable to advanced ICs. A novel graphene-based micro electrical mechanical system (MEMS) was reported as an alternative ESD protection solution. This paper reports a study of influences of graphene materials quality on the graphene ESD switch devices. Transmission-line pulse (TLP) testing shows that single-crystalline graphene film can improve the ESD switch performance dramatically over the polycrystalline counterpart.
Parallel Recursive Least Squares on a Hypercube Multiprocessor

We have developed an efficient parallel implementation of an algorithm for recursive least squares computations based upon the covariance updating method. The target architecture is a distributed-memory multiprocessor, and test results on an Intel iPSC/2 hypercube demonstrate the parallel efficiency of the algorithm. A 64-node system is measured to execute the algorithm over 48 times as fast as a single processor for the largest problem that fits on a single node (fixed size speedup). Moreover, the computation times increase only slightly with an increase in the number of processors when the problem size per processor remains constant. Applications include robust regression in statistics and modification of the Hessian matrix in optimization, but the primary motivation for this work is the need for near real-time recursive least squares computations in signal processing.
Remote sensing of sea ice

(1) Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O.Box. 43, N-0313 Blindern, Norway, Email: l.a.breivik@met.no, s.eastwood@met.no (2) Canadian Ice Service, 373 Sussex Drive, Block E. Ottawa, ON, Canada, Email: Tom.Carrieres@ec.gc.ca (3) British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom, Email: AHF@bas.ac.uk (4) Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Spatiale, IFREMER, BP 70, 29280 Plouzane, France, Email: Fanny.Ardhuin@ifremer.fr (5) Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O.Box 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland Email: juha.karvonen@fmi.fi, Marko.Makynen@fmi.fi, Markku.Simila@fmi.fi (6) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, California 91109, USA, Email: ron.kwok@jpl.nasa.gov (7) National Snow and Ice Data Center, Univ. of Colorado, UCB 449, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Email: walt@nsidc.org (8) Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvei 100, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Email: ltp@dmi.dk, rtt@dmi.dk (9) Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Thormohlensgt. 47,N-5006 Bergen, Norway Email: stein.sandven@nersc.no
Tacit Coordination in Choice Between Certain Outcomes in Endogenously Determined Lotteries

Tacit coordination is studied in a class of games in which each of n = 20 players is required to choose between two courses of actions. The first action offers each player a fixed outcome whereas the second presents her the opportunity of participating in a lottery with probabilities that are determined endogenously. Across multiple iterations of the game and trial-to-trial changes in the composition of the lottery, we observe a remarkably good coordination on the aggregate but not individual level. We further observe systematic deviations from the Nash equilibrium solution that are accounted for quite well by a simple adaptive learning model.
Stages and mechanisms of prebiological organic synthesis.

Prebiological organic synthesis stages and mechanisms prior to and during formation of Earth, noting extraterrestrial organic matter
Dynamics of Body Size Evolution

Is bigger better? Does climate affect size? The processes controlling body size evolution remain unclear.
Comparative analysis for mapping and sequence assembly

The increasing number of assembled reference sequences produced by ongoing genome sequencing projects provides information that is useful for the mapping and assembly of related genomes. Comparative information has the potential to both decrease the cost and accelerate mapping and sequencing projects by reducing experimental effort. Anchoring of contigs from one species onto an assembled genome of the other related species provides hypothetical order, orientation, and distance information. Mapping cloned genomic fragments, such as Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs), of one species onto an already assembled genome of another may be either used to select clones for targeted comparative sequencing or to infer the hypothetical order and orientation of BACs. Assembled genomic sequence of one species can be used as a template to guide the assembly of another, related species. Keywords: physical mapping; genome assembly; BAC end sequencing; comparative assembly; comparative sequence assembly; comparative genome assembly
Glycemic variability during algorithmic titration of insulin among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure

Abstract Aims The objective of this study is to assess hypoglycemia and glycemic variability (GV) in hospitalized patients with and without heart failure (HF) exacerbation. Methods Hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with (N = 35) or without (N = 16) HF who had hyperglycemia or significant insulin use were included. Subjects underwent continuous glucose monitoring during algorithmic titration of basal bolus insulin. Results HF subjects had lower glucose coefficient of variation ([CV], 31 ± 12 vs. 22 ± 8.2, p = 0.02), lower Low Blood Glucose Index (LBGI) and less hypoglycemia (25% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.02), but similar mean glucose and glycemic lability index as non-HF subjects on day 1, but not on day 2. Sensor CV was correlated with hypoglycemia (ρ 0.32, p = 0.02), HF status (ρ − 0.35, p = 0.013), T2D duration (ρ 0.29, p = 0.04), insulin use prior to admission (ρ 0.42, p = 0.002) and catecholamine levels. After controlling for differences in age, HbA1c, hypoglycemia, catecholamine levels, QT interval, and beta blocker use, only HF and diabetes duration or insulin use prior to admission were independent predictors of CV. HF had less robust associations with LBGI in multivariable models. Conclusions HF is not associated with increased GV or hypoglycemia risk during initial titration of insulin. Further research is needed to determine prognostic implications.
School-smart and Mother-wise: Working-Class Women's Identity and Schooling

School-smart and Mother-wise: Working-Class Women's Identity and Schooling. Wendy Luttrell. New York: Routledge, 1997. 164 pp.
On the individuation of events

As Donald Davidson has pointed out,1 there are many good reasons for taking events seriously as concrete individuals, i.e., as numerically unique entities which have location in space and time. In the first place, both action theory and explanation seem to call for events qua unrepeatable, spatially located particulars. In excusing an action (a species of event) we frequently describe the action in a number of different ways. My daughter's eating all the brownies in the refrigerator this afternoon is the very same action as my daughter's eating the dessert for tonight's dinner. But she is blameless in that she didn't know that the brownies were the dessert. Similarly in explaining the expansion of a piece of metal, scientists may redescribe it in a number of different ways: in terms of the kind of material it is, in terms of the heat capacity of metal, in terms of molecular bonding and the motion of molecules. All this talk of redescription makes little sense if there are no individuals to be described in the first place. Moreover, as Davidson has shown, an ontology of unrepeatable events has great utility for the purposes of accommodating adverbs in predicate logic, allowing us to validate the intuitive inference from, say, 'Elspeth ate the brownies quickly under the deck at noon' to 'Elspeth ate the brown ies'. In brief, action theory, causation, explanation, and logical theory all seem to call for events which are concrete individuals, as opposed to abstract (timeless) and general (property-like).2 Nevertheless the claim that events are concrete individuals faces a major hurdle. If events are concrete individuals, then it should be possible to provide identity conditions for them;3 for as Quine has cautioned us, "No entity without identity".4 Unfortunately, however, the most widely discussed proposals for such conditions, by Donald Davidson, John Lemmon and Jaegwon Kim, are beset with serious problems. In order to better understand the difficulties involved in formulating identity conditions for events, let us briefly review these three proposals, paying particular attention to the problems commonly associated with them.
Ecdysteroid titres during pupal-adult development of Aedes aegypti: Basis for a sexual dimorphism in the rate of development

Abstract The ecdysteroids are steroid hormones primarily responsible for moulting and metamorphosis in insects. In mosquitoes, much is known about their role in the control of ovarian development in adults, however, essentially nothing is known about their control of this dipteran's postembryonic development. In this study, quantitative and qualitative changes in the ecdysteroid titre during the pupal-adult development of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, were correlated with a sexual dimorphism in the time of adult eclosion. During development there was a single large peak in the ecdysteroid titre of male and female Aedes. The peak in males (∼220 pg ecdysone equivalents mg−1), was ∼1.5-fold greater than that in females (∼150 pg ecdysone equivalents mg−1), and occurred ∼4 h sooner. Subsequently, males eclosed ∼12 h sooner than females. The ecdysteroids present in developing males and females included, ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, 26-hydroxyecdysone, 20, 26-dihydroxyecdysone and polar metabolites. The relative amounts of these ecdysteroids and their conjugates fluctuated during development, and were essentially the same in males and females. When total ecdysteroid levels were calculated relative to the radioimmunassay cross-reactivities of the ecdysteroids present, a quantitative sexual difference was not evident. Therefore, it appears that the sexual dimorphism in the rate of Aedes development is probably a result of temporal differences in the respective ecdysteroid titres. A biological explanation for the earlier eclosion of male Aedes is presented.
DNA repair. The bases for Cockayne syndrome.

Cockayne syndrome is a rare, inherited human disease that can arise from mutations in any one of five genes, involved in different aspects of DNA repair. New results have now led to a model for how all of these different mutations result in the same disease.
Measurement and Characterization of Various Outdoor 60 GHz Diffracted and Scattered Paths

This paper investigates diffracted and scattered waves in unlicensed millimeter wave mobile-to-mobile, access and backhaul radio links. Narrowband 60 GHz measurements of diffraction at building corners, and scattering by a car, lamppost and building, as well as blocking by humans are presented. Semi-analytical corner diffraction and human blocking models are proposed and verified based on the measurements. Analysis of the diffraction and scattering shows that the contributions from vehicular and lamppost scattered paths can be dominant compared to corner diffracted paths. Measurements also show that the majority of power from building scattering arrives in and near the horizontal plane containing the transmit and receive antennas.
A comparison of aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and prophage induction in Salmonella typhimurium mutagen tester strains TA1535, TA1538, TA98 and TA100

Abstract Treatment of Ames mutagen tester strains with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and S9 mix results not only in the production of a poten mutagen, but induces a pathway that leads to the induction of prophages present in all Ames tester strains. Characterization of the prophage induction and mutagenic response following AFB1 treatment showed that plasmid pKM101 dramatically enhances mutagenesis, but suppressed prophage induction. Spontaneous release of phage by TA98 and TA100 was also lower than in TA1535 and TA1538. In addition to mutagenesis and prophage induction, survival of all 4 tester strains was quantitated after AFB1 treatment. The data show that the frameshift tester strains (TA1538 and TA98) are more sensitive to the bactericidal action of AFB1 than the base-pair tester strains (TA1535 and TA100), survival being significantly affected above 100 ng. One of several hypotheses examined was the difference in the number and types of prophages present in base-pair tester strains that are not detectable in the frame-shift tester strains. These data suggest that prophage induction can detect DNA damage that is non-mutagenic; and that it is important to characterize the lysogenic nature of the Ames strains since it may influence the observed histidine revertant rate and the survival of the tester strain.
Characteristics of asthma mortality and morbidity in African-Americans

The percent rise in the number of asthma deaths was analyzed using data from the National Center of Health Statistics and compared for African-Americans and Caucasians. The rate of increase for African-Americans in the period 1979-1983 was nearly twice that of Caucasians, and the difference among genders for Caucasians was significantly higher for females. In Baltimore a high percentage (29%) of adult asthma patients (86.8% African-American) seen in an emergency room (ER) and living in the inner city had frequent visits (6 or more annually) to the ER. One-third of the patients used the ER exclusively for asthma management, and 39% delayed for at least 48 hr after onset of symptoms before seeking medical assistance. One-fourth had daily symptoms, and 11% of those regularly employed had missed 10 or more days annually because of asthma. Among the high ER users, 39% required more than one annual hospitalization for management of acute exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Risk factors for mortality and morbidity among inner-city and minority populations as well as potential areas of intervention are discussed.
Naps and drugs to combat fatigue and sleepiness

The United States is progressing toward a 24-hour society, and sleep deprivation is a growing problem in the workplace. What can hospital staff do about sleepiness? What are possible countermeasure...
Unsuspected meningocele presenting as neurogenic bladder dysfunction in an adult

Two adult patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction secondary to unsuspected meningoceles are described. The implications of such problems and the need for complete neurourologic evaluation are important.
The NCAR Climate System Model Global Ocean Component

This paper describes the global ocean component of the NCAR Climate System Model. New parameterizations of the effects of mesoscale eddies and of the upper-ocean boundary layer are included. Numerical improvements include a third-order upwind advection scheme and elimination of the artificial North Pole island in the original MOM 1.1 code. Updated forcing fields are used to drive the ocean-alone solution, which is integrated long enough so that it is in equilibrium. The ocean transports and potential temperature and salinity distributions are compared with observations. The solution sensitivity to the freshwater forcing distribution is highlighted, and the sensitivity to resolution is also briefly discussed.
Ascorbic acid in pollen: Conversion of L-galactono-1,4-lactone to L-ascorbic acid by Lilium longiflorum☆

The L-ascorbic acid (AA) content of pollen from three cultivars of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. was 260–280 μg/g fresh wt. of pollen. During germination ascorbic acid content gradually decreased reaching 70% of the original value at 6 h. Pollen germinated in media containing 0.29 M D-glucose (an osmoregulator and carbon source) failed to synthesize ascorbic acid but pollen germinated in 0.29 M pentaerythritol (a non-metabolizable osmoregulator) supplemented with L-galactono-1,4-lactone (L-GalAL) did form ascorbic acid, dependent upon the concentration of the lactone. Lycorine inhibited germination but had negligible effect on the conversion of L-GalAL to AA.
Abnormal responses to orthostatic testing in children and adolescents with recurrent unexplained syncope.

Syncope in the pediatric age group is a frequent event. Most often the cause is readily apparent--i.e., orthostatic hypotension or a vasovagal event. However, there are a large number of children with frequent recurrent unexplained syncope. Neither history, physical examination, nor standard testing reveals a cause. One hundred four consecutive patients were evaluated by orthostatic testing after standard methods found no cause for the recurrent syncope. Forty-seven (44%) of these 104 patients had syncope produced by orthostatic testing. Twenty-six of the 47 (55%) became syncopal within 5 minutes of testing initiation and 21 of the 47 (45%) after 5 to 11 minutes of testing. These patients had an average decrease of 81.5 mm Hg in blood pressure and a 25 beat/min decrease in heart rate. Of 12 control subjects, none lost consciousness with standing times as long as 14 minutes. Pacing was ineffective in preventing syncope, as two patients with a previously implanted normally functioning pacemaker had recurrent syncope clinically. Syncope was also induced by orthostatic testing, with the pacemaker showing a normal response with pacing as the patient became bradycardic. The syncopal event produced by orthostatic testing occurred with a downward blood pressure trend and a narrowing of the pulse pressure without a significant increase in heart rate. This was followed by a sudden drop in blood pressure and then by bradycardia. There is a group of children and adolescents with recurrent unexplained syncope due to abnormal orthostatic control mechanisms. Orthostatic testing appears helpful in identifying these patients.
College Student Involvement: An Examination of Student Characteristics and Perceived Instructor Communication Behaviors in the Classroom

As an extension of current instructional research, this study explored students' proactive personality and academic locus of control (ALOC), along with perceived instructor clarity and nonverbal immediacy as predictors of willingness to talk in class (in-class involvement) and self-regulated learning (out-of-class involvement). Results found verbal and nonverbal messages function differently in the instructional process. Teacher clarity predicted out-of-class involvement, while nonverbal immediacy predicted in-class involvement. However, proactivity and ALOC consistently predicted students' willingness to talk in class and their self-regulated learning. Thus, a sense of ownership over one's learning environment fosters student involvement.
Thiolate coordination in binuclear oxomolybdenum(V) complexes. The x-ray crystal structures of the alkylammonium salts of [Mo2O2(OCH3)(SCH2CH2CH2S)3]− and [Mo2O2(SCH2CO2)4]2−

Abstract Reaction of [n-Bu4N]2[Mo2O7] with propane-1,3-dithiol in methanol yields the triply-bridged binuclear complex [n-Bu4N][Mo2O3(OCH3)(SCH2CH2CH2S)3] (1). Complex 1 exhibits the confacial bioctahedral geometry characteristic of this class of complexes. In contrast, the reaction of [n-Bu4N]4[Mo8O26] with 2-mercaptoacetic acid and triethylamine in methanol results in the isolation of a complex [Et3NH]2[Mo2O2(SCH2CO2)4] (2), representing the first example of a new class of binuclear molybdenum(V) species. The structure is characterized by a ‘trans-planar’ [Mo2O2S2(thiolate)]4+ core and an unusually long Mo ⋯ Mo distance of 3.078(1) A. Crystal data. Complex 1: triclinic space group P 1 , a = 9.310(2), b = 11.328(2), c = 19.954(3) A, α = 74.93(1), β = 78.19(1), γ = 81.53(1)°, V = 1979.2(10) A3, Z = 2, Dcalc, = 1.369 g cm3−; structure solution and refinement based on 5292 reflections, R = 0.0570. Complex 2: monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 10.861(4), b = 13.559(4), c = 11.011(4) A, β = 104.14(2)°, V = 1572.1(11) A3, Z = 2, Dcalc, = 1.664 g cm−3; 2133 reflections, R = 0.0560.
Personality and Sexual Satisfaction in Marriage

Abstract The role of personality in marital sexual satisfaction was investigated in 102 married couples, studying three major measurable personality dimensions–extraversion-introversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. The results indicated that for females greatest sexual satisfaction in marriage occurred when the male's personality was essentially identical to the female's for extraversion-introversion and neuroticism; for these same couples, however, the males sexual satisfaction was not related to such personality similarity or dissimilarity. Interestingly, for males, greatest sexual satisfaction in marriage was found when spouses were essentially identical in the personality dimension of psychoticism. Thus, all three personality dimensions were shown to be related to sexual satisfaction in marriage. Personality “fit” between marital partners would appear to be important for sexual satisfaction, with females perhaps being more sensitive to personality than males. If the three personality dimensions are...
Some aspects of radioiron metabolism by leucocytes.

Abstract 1. 1. A method for the quantitative radioassay of leucytes is described. 2. 2. It is shown that within the first few days after iron administration leucocytes incorporate considerably more radioiron per unit number of cells than do erythrocytes. This is true following intraperitoneal, intravenous or oral administration of physiological or excessive doses. 3. 3. The radioiron content of leucocytes is shown to be approximately of the same magnitude as that of plasma at the time the leucocytes is shown to be approximately of the same magnitde appears from leuccocytes when the plasma values level off to a minimum. 4. 4. Preliminary investigation reveals that the radioiron of leucocytes is apparently associated with a water soluble protein, 10% of which is extractable as cytochrome C. Of the remaining iron 12% is apparently ferritin and the rest has solubility properties similar to ferritin but is heat labile at 80%°C. 5. 5. The possible significance and methods of radioiron incorporation by leucocytes is discussed.
Community empowerment paradigm drift and the primary prevention of HIV/AIDS

Long discussed in the public health arena, the concept of empowerment has only recently entered the discourse on the primary prevention of HIV/AIDS in the United States. Despite its broad appeal, empowerment has not been systematically incorporated into theory-based interventions, which may reflect a lack of consensus on the meaning of empowerment, how to measure it, and the intervention strategies it implies. The purpose of this paper is to consider the relevance of empowerment to community interventions for persons at risk for HIV, particularly women. The origins of empowerment are reviewed; community empowerment as an intervention framework is described and its core assumptions defined. There is some evidence of the growing influence of empowerment and related concepts in recent HIV-related policy, research, and programs funded through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, adoption of an empowerment framework for HIV prevention will require further theory and measurement development, as well as changes in how public health researchers and practitioners work with the communities they serve.
Phase III Trial of Gabapentin Alone or in Conjunction With an Antidepressant in the Management of Hot Flashes in Women Who Have Inadequate Control With an Antidepressant Alone: NCCTG N03C5

Purpose Despite the utility of newer antidepressants for alleviating hot flashes, antidepressants do not work adequately enough in many patients. Gabapentin is a nonhormonal agent that also can reduce hot flashes. No data have been available to address whether the combination of both agents would more effectively alleviate hot flashes, compared with gabapentin alone, in patients with inadequate hot flash control with an antidepressant alone. Patients and Methods This was a randomized trial in which 118 patients with inadequate hot flash control on an antidepressant were randomly assigned to receive both an antidepressant and gabapentin versus being weaned off the antidepressant and receiving gabapentin alone. Patients were observed for 5 weeks (including a baseline week in which patients continued on their current antidepressant without gabapentin) during which time they completed validated daily hot flash diaries. Results Ninety-one patients provided complete data at the 5-week assessment. Regardless of ...
Composing Film: Multimodality and Production in Elementary Classrooms

Despite the proliferation of technology in contemporary lives, many elementary schools often do not account for other technologically-mediated ways of constructing meaning in their daily curriculum, including film. This article presents insights from 2 filmmaking projects with elementary-aged students illustrating how film allowed students to engage in collaborative, as well as multimodal, literacy practices. Greater instructional flexibility and possibility for nonlinear production are identified as positive benefits in approaching text production situated in filmmaking. Our investigation highlights how technology integration can bolster existing writing practices in the elementary classroom and can benefit students in ways that maximize flexible thinking and include diverse student perspectives.
Catalyst Development Needs and Pathways for Automotive PEM Fuel Cells

Mass production of cost-competitive fuel cell vehicles will require oxygen reduction catalysts with 4 times the mass activity of current state-of-the-art platinum/carbon materials. The catalysts must maintain this high activity through the aggressive automotive duty cycle. Pt-alloy catalysts have to date given at least half the required activity gain, and the activity advantages of alloys vs. pure Pt are maintained in PEMFCs even under low-humidification conditions. Alloys show durability advantages, but sometimes- seen losses of specific activity must be understood. Consideration of the mechanisms whereby alloys enhance oxygen reduction activity has led to literature reports of several promising pathways to 4x Pt activity, primarily through control of catalyst particle surface structure and subsurface layer composition. A critical topic for upcoming research will be to determine whether activities enhanced by such structural control can be made durable against realistic drive cycles.
Vitaly Ginzburg and High-Temperature Superconductivity

Vitaly L. Ginzburg has contributed in many areas of physics. One of these is the field of high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC). I have benefited from his insight in this field and have enjoyed his friendship and support over a period of almost 40 years. I present some personal reminiscences of these interactions and discuss recent progress towards the understanding of the mechanism responsible for the superconductivity of the high T c cuprate superconductors, its relation to our earlier work, and what lies ahead.
XMM observations of high redshift X-ray clusters and cosmological interpretation

Abstract We present the preliminary results of the Ω project, a large XMM program devoted to observe distant SHARC clusters. For the first time a measurement of the L – T evolution with XMM is presented. We found clear evidence for a positive evolution of the L – T relation, in agreement with most previous analysis based on ASCA and Chandra observations. Its cosmological implication is also discussed based on a new analysis of different X-ray surveys: EMSS, RDCS, MACS, SHARC, 160 deg 2 . It is found that a high matter density model fits remarkably well all these surveys, in agreement with all existing previous analyzes following the same strategy. Concordance models produce far more faint clusters than observed counts. This failure could be the indication of a deviation from the expected scaling of the M – T relation with redshift. However, no signature of such possibility is found in existing data.
Comparisons of fatness in premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls of the same age

Triceps and subscapular skinfolds of 2251 premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls from three different surveys were analyzed to ascertain whether there was a critical level of fatness below which menarche did not take place. Though postmenarcheal girls were slightly fatter than premenarcheal girls at each age, by approximately 3 mm, the skinfold distributions overlapped extensively. At skinfolds of 5 mm and below, some girls had attained menarche, and at skinfold thickness of 25 mm and above other girls were still premenarcheal. Neither skinfolds nor calculated percent fat values indicated the existence of a threshold level of fatness that can be termed "critical" with respect to menarche.
Social class and workplace harassment during the transition to adulthood

Young disadvantaged workers are especially vulnerable to harassment due to their age and social class position. As young people enter the workforce, their experiences of, and reactions to, harassment may vary dramatically from those of older adult workers. Three case studies introduce theory and research on the relationship between social class and harassment of young workers. We suggest two mechanisms through which class may structure harassment experiences: (1) extremely vulnerable youth are directly targeted based on their social class origins, and (2) the type and condition of youth employment, which is structured by class background, indirectly affect experiences of harassment.
Polyvalent Cationic Metals Induce the Rate of Transferrin-independent Iron Acquisition by HL-60 Cells

Abstract The trivalent metals iron, aluminum, and gallium greatly increase the rate of iron acquisition from low molecular weight chelates by human myeloid cells. The present study explores the mechanism responsible. Gallium-induced iron acquisition was shown to lead to stable cellular association of iron, the magnitude of which varied with the chelate to which the iron was bound. The majority of this iron initially associated with the plasma membrane. Cellular depletion of ATP did not affect the response to gallium nor did it require the continued presence of extracellular gallium. However, continued cell association of gallium was needed as subsequent cellular exposure to metal chelators resulted in a rapid loss of the “induced” phenotype. Other trivalent metals (lanthanum and gadolinium) and tetravalent metals (tin and zirconium) but not divalent metals also induced iron acquisition. Neither enhanced iron reduction nor protein kinase C or tyrosine kinases appeared involved in gallium-mediated induction of iron acquisition. Exposure of HL-60 cells to polyvalent cationic metals results in a dramatic and sustained increase in the rate of iron acquisition from low molecular weight chelating agents. This could be important for the rapid clearance of iron by phagocytes from the extracellular environment at sites of local tissue damage.
First record and notes on Pleiochaeta setosa in Minnesota

Lupinus albus L. (white lupine) is a newly introduced crop in Minnesota. Throughout the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons, dark brown, sunken lesions developed on leaves, stem, pods, and roots on lupines being grown under irrigation. The lesions were observed only on leaves under non-irrigated conditions. The fungus isolated from these lesions and roots was Pleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) S. J. Hughes, which is known to be a major root and foliar pathogen on Lupinus spp. in Australia (Wood, 1982); It is also pathogenic on Lupinus spp. and other genera of the Fabaceae from New Zealand (Dingley, 1969), South Africa (Du Plessis and Truter, 1953), Europe (Germar, 1939; Gondran, 1988; Moral et al., 1981; Pulselli, 1928), North America (Pirozynski, 1974) and South America (Diehl et al., 1982; Orlando and Orlando, 1983). Weimer (1952) reported P. setosa in North America on "blue lupines" from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Louisiana. Crop loss attributed to P. setosa elsewhere merits noting the occurrence of this fungus on cultivated lupines in Minnesota. We provide an expanded formal description including new observations on septate appendages and conidiogenous cells. Koch's postulates (1884) were completed in an environmental growth chamber set at 21 C, 93% RH, with an alternating 12 h light regime. The fungal inoculum was twice-autoclaved millet seeds upon which P. setosa isolated from roots was grown for 3 wk. The P. setosa ramified millet seeds were layered immediately below L. albus
The Percentage of the Ischemic Risk Zone Infarcting Following Permanent Coronary Occlusion is Independent of Ischemic Zone Size

The relationship between the amount of myocardium rendered ischemic, the risk zone, and the percentage of that zone which ultimately infarcts (% I/R) was examined in the closed chest canine model. Twenty-three dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital. A special cannula was inserted through a carotid artery into the left coronary ostium. A teflon bead was infused through the cannula, thus, embolizing a distal coronary branch. Two to 8 minutes after the coronary embolization, 20 million radiomicrospheres labeled with 141Ce (15 mu in diameter) were injected into the left ventricle. This allowed the collateral blood flow in the risk zone to be measured and defined the ischemic zone. The dogs were sacrificed either 24 or 48 hours after coronary occlusion and the hearts were excised and sectioned into 5 mm thick slices. The risk zones were visualized by microsphere autoradiography while the infarcts were visualized by triphenyl tetrazolium staining. The volumes of both zones were determined by planimetry. Experiments were retrospectively divided into either a small risk zone group (risk zones smaller than 18% of the ventricle, n = 13) or a large risk zone group (risk zones larger than 18% of the ventricle, n = 10). There was a very close correlation between the % I/R and collateral blood flow in both the small and the large risk zone groups (Y = 90.85-1.07X, r = -0.88 vs Y = 88.84-0.91X, r = -0.93). That correlation was not statistically different between the 2 groups. These findings indicate that risk zone size itself does not influence the percentage of the risk zone which is infarcted in this model.
A scalable, high-performance customized priority queue

Priority queues are abstract data structures where each element is associated with a priority, and the highest priority element is always retrieved first from the queue. The data structure is widely used within databases, including the last stage of a merge-sort, forecasting read-ahead I/O to stream data for the merge-sort, and replacement selection sort. Typical software implementations use a balanced binary tree-based structure, providing O(log N) time for both enqueue and dequeue operations.
48.1: Distinguished Student Paper: A Depth‐Fused Multi‐Focal‐Plane Display Prototype Enabling Focus Cues in Stereoscopic Displays

Lack of focus cues in stereoscopic displays may have significant effects on depth perception accuracy and visual fatigue. In this paper, we present a depth-fused six-focal plane display prototype, capable of rendering nearly-accurate focus cues for a depth range of 3 diopters with high image quality at flicker-free speed.