cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification of the liquefaction potential index to consider the topography in Christchurch, New Zealand

Abstract In recent years, many have mapped the liquefaction potential index (LPI) to describe the liquefaction hazard at regional scale. Several investigators have calibrated the LPI to field observations of liquefaction-induced ground failure after a number of major earthquakes; the significance of LPI values and their correlation with the severity of liquefaction-induced ground failure can vary greatly depending on the calibration. In this study, the LPI was computed at more than 1200 cone penetration test soundings across the Christchurch area, New Zealand, using peak ground accelerations from the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake. Based on detailed field observations of liquefaction-induced ground failure after the earthquake, it was shown that the LPI has potential for discriminating between areas with no liquefaction-induced ground failure hazard and areas that may experience liquefaction-induced ground oscillations and settlement; however, the LPI performed poorly at sites where severe ground failures occurred, especially at sites that experienced lateral spreading. As many researchers have found a positive correlation between lateral spreading and the proximity and depth of a nearby free-face (i.e., a steep topographic depression, river channel, etc.), a new LPI framework was proposed that includes a parameter named the free-face ratio (FFR). FFR was shown to have a significant correlation with field observations of lateral spreading in Christchurch. It was shown that by incorporating FFR into the LPI framework, modified LPI values are positively correlated with the severity of field observations of liquefaction-induced ground failure in Christchurch. It was also shown that maps can be produced based on LPI and FFR, and such maps rarely underpredict the liquefaction-induced ground failure hazard, unlike maps based on the unmodified LPI.
Cities, Automation, and the Self-parking Elephant in the Room

“But I find my pen is running ahead, an imagination prone to realistic constructions is struggling to paint a picture altogether prematurely.” H.G. Wells on the Probable Diffusion of Great Cities i...
Troubled Vistas: Looking West through the Eyes of The Nation, 1870–1879

This article analyzes representations of the American West in The Nation magazine during the expansionist era of the 1870s. It traces an arc of growing anxiety regarding three central issues associated with western settlement and development: institutional scientific exploration, land policy, and Indian policy. Focussing primarily on the decade in which the magazine's peak circulation and, presumably, influence coincided with important developments regarding the aforementioned issues, the essay argues that The Nation ’s coverage of the West, produced and circulated within a privileged and circumscribed social sphere and deeply inflected by the priorities of capital, provides counterpoint to widely shared optimism regarding the development of the region that stood as an emblem of the nation's future.
Constructing Alzheimer's: Narratives of Lost Identities, Confusion and Loneliness in Old Age

This paper is a qualitative study based on retrospective, unstructured, qualitative interviews with Mrs. Jones and other African-American, Chinese-American, Irish-American and Latino family caregivers in the Boston area. A narrative approach is used to show how family caregivers draw on their cultural and personal resources to create stories about the nature and meaning of illness and to ask how ethnic identity may influence the kinds of stories family caregivers tell. Three different story types are identified and described, each with a distinctive configuration of illness meanings and overarching theme, or storyline: a subset of African-American, Irish-American, and Chinese-American caregivers told us stories about Alzheimer's as a disease that erodes the core identity of a loved one and deteriorates their minds; a subset of Chinese caregivers narrated stories that emphasized how families managed confusion and disabilities, changes ultimately construed as an expected part of growing old; a subset of Puerto Rican and Dominican families, while using the biomedical label of Alzheimer's disease or dementia, placed the elder's illness in stories about tragic losses, loneliness, and family responsibility. To construct their stories, caregivers drew upon both biomedical explanations and other cultural meanings of behavioral and cognitive changes in old age. Their stories challenge us to move beyond the sharp contrast between ethnic minority and non-ethnic minority views of dementia-related changes, to local clinics and hospitals as sites where biomedical knowledge is interpreted, communicated, discussed, and adapted to the perspectives and lived realities of families.
Emotions and Social Movements

The study of emotions in politics and protest has emerged (or reemerged) in the past decade through a messy inductive process of recognizing the obvious: Emotions of many sorts permeate political action. In grappling with the inadequacies of existing theories of politics, researchers grabbed pieces of emotion theory opportunistically where they could find them. Few existing approaches in the sociology of emotion have been applied systematically, much less compared, in this field, but almost all have found their way into the mix to some degree. This inductive and relatively atheoretical approach may make social movements a useful venue for comparing theories of emotions developed in other settings.
Investing in primary care nursing: an important strategy in improving the health and well-being of women.

The health care crises that our global community faces - health disparities, lack of health care access for vulnerable populations, shortage and maldistribution of health care workers - could be addressed through utilising an integrative paradigm with a primary focus on women's health and primary care. Healthy and safe womanhood through primary health care is the key driver for safer and healthier global communities. (non-author abstract)
Homocysteine metabolism and various consequences of folate deficiency

Homocysteine is a neurotoxic non-proteinogenic amino acid, an abnormal increase of which in plasma has been implicated in many pathological conditions including cardiovascular diseases, neural tube defects and is now recognized and Alzheimer's disease. Homocysteine elimination is regulated by the transmethylation and the transsulfuration pathways and is modulated by folate, a member of the B-vitamin family. A metabolic product of folate, 5 methyltetrahydrofolate, provides a methyl group that is used to reconvert homocysteine back to methionine through the transmethylation pathway. The efficiency of folate metabolism has an impact on the availability of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a compound that is known to activate homocysteine flux through the transsulfuration pathway. SAM is also necessary for utilization of the antioxidant glutathione via glutathione S-transferase. In this review, I will elaborate on different biochemical reactions that are implicated in the regulation of homocysteine elimination through the transmethylation and the transsulfuration pathways and on various consequences of folate deficiency on homocysteine metabolism.
The impact of electronic health record use on physician productivity

OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of the degree of electronic health record (EHR) use and delegation of EHR tasks on clinician productivity in ambulatory settings. STUDY DESIGN We examined EHR use in primary care practices that implemented a web-based EHR from athenahealth (n = 42) over 3 years (695 practice-month observations). Practices were predominantly small and spread throughout the country. Data came from athenahealth practice management system and EHR task logs. METHODS We developed monthly measures of EHR use and delegation to support staff from task logs. Productivity was measured using work relative value units (RVUs). Using fixed effects models, we assessed the independent impacts on productivity of EHR use and delegation. We then explored the interaction between these 2 strategies and the role of practice size. RESULTS Greater EHR use and greater delegation were independently associated with higher levels of productivity. An increase in EHR use of 1 standard deviation resulted in a 5.3% increase in RVUs per clinician workday; an increase in delegation of EHR tasks of 1 standard deviation resulted in an 11.0% increase in RVUs per clinician workday (P <.05 for both). Further, EHR use and delegation had a positive joint impact on productivity in large practices (coefficient, 0.058; P <.05), but a negative joint impact on productivity in small practices (coefficient, -0.142; P <.01). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians in practices that increased EHR use and delegated EHR tasks were more productive, but practice size determined whether the 2 strategies were complements or substitutes.
The severity of functional mitral regurgitation depends on the shape of the mitral apparatus: a three-dimensional echo analysis.

Background and aims of the study The relationship between structural abnormalities of the mitral apparatus and severity of functional mitral regurgitation (MR) was examined in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography was performed in 13 cardiomyopathy patients with mild (n = 5) or moderate to severe (n = 8) MR, and in eight normal volunteers using freehand scanning. The size, shape and function of the left ventricle, and the dimensions of the mitral annulus, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles, were measured. Results Virtually all parameters differed significantly between normal subjects and cardiomyopathy patients. Annular size, the central angle between the anterior and posterior chordae, and dilatation of the anterior and anterolateral left ventricular (LV) wall were greater in patients with moderate to severe MR than in those with trace to mild MR. Anterior wall dilatation was associated with greater outward displacement of the anterior papillary muscle, and correlated with widening of the central chordal angle, apical displacement of the mitral leaflet coaptation point, and mitral annular dilatation. Conclusion In non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, functional MR is related to both annular dilatation and to dilatation of the anterior and anterolateral LV wall. The latter results in displacement of the anterior papillary muscle, narrowing of the angle of the anterior chorda to the mitral annulus, and widening of the central angle between the anterior and posterior chordae.
Effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding home care of intellectually disabled children among caregivers

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding home care of intellectually disabled children among caregivers in a selected special school, Ernakulam district, Kerala. All over the world 83 million people are intellectually disabled. In India, 5 out of 1000 children are intellectually disabled. The researcher used a quantitative approach with quasi experimental one group pre test post test design was done on 40 caregivers who were selected by simple random sampling. The tool used in the present study was a self administered, structured knowledge assessment questionnaire. The result showed that there was statistically significant increase in knowledge score obtained by subjects regarding homecare of intellectually disabled children, in all the six dimensions after exposure to structured teaching programme. There is no significant association between the pre-test knowledge of caregivers and their selected demographic variables and the child variables.
Barriers to Reentry Into Nurse Anesthesia Practice Following Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Concept Analysis.

Nursing knowledge surrounding anesthesia providers’ maintaining or obtaining employment after treatment of substance use disorder (SUD) is notably absent in the literature. An alternative method, d...
Job hopping & hunkering down: how H-1B migrant workers survive the U.S. labour market

The perils of doing outsourced or fixed-term work are well documented among the general workforce. These studies often find that workers are more vulnerable than in the past but those with advanced...
Observed below-Cloud and Cloud Interstitial Submicron Aerosol Chemical and Physical Properties at Whiteface Mountain, New York, during August 2017

A pilot study took place at Whiteface Mountain (WFM) in the Adirondacks of upstate New York during the summer of 2017 to evaluate the chemical processing of aerosol within clouds. Below-cloud and c...
Flow-Through Optical Chromatography in Combination with Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy: A Novel Label-Free Approach To Detect Responses of Live Macrophages to Environmental Stimuli

Flow-through optical chromatography (FT-OC), an advanced mode of optical chromatography, achieved baseline separation of a mixture of silica microparticles (SiO2, 1.00 and 2.50 μm) and a mixture of...
Neutron capture cross sections of 74, 76, 78, 80, 82Se

The cross sections for radiative neutron capture by the 5 stable even-mass isotopes of natural selenium have been measured by observation of the $\gamma$ rays emitted by the 7 radioactive isomeric and ground states produced following neutron capture. By irradiating the Se samples in reactor sites having different compositions of thermal and epithermal neutrons, consistent values of the thermal cross sections and resonance integrals have been obtained. Systematic variations in the deduced cross sections have been minimized by observing in each sample the decays of several different Se nuclides, thus providing overlapping and redundant values for comparison. The half-life of 79mSe has been measured to be 3.884(9)h. Ratios of cross sections of isomeric and ground states in 77, 79, 81, 83Se are compared with a statistical model.
Inhibitory extracts of calamondin leaves associated with precipitous decline of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri populations

The relative susceptibility of six Rutaceae family genotypes to bacterial citrus canker (CC) caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) was assessed by measuring and comparing in planta bacterial populations over time following inoculation using a minimally destructive inoculation. These genotypes included lime (Citrus aurantifolia), grapefruit (C. paradisi), sweet orange (C. sinensis), calamondin (C. reticulata X C. japonica), kumquat (C. japonica), and orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata). Internal Xcc populations in orange jessamine plateaued early and remained significantly lower than other genotypes. Xcc populations increased rapidly in all other genotypes, decreasing precipitously and significantly over time in kumquat and calamondin as compared to the more susceptible genotypes sweet orange, grapefruit, and lime. Xcc populations in calamondin peaked by 7 DPI then began to fall significantly relative to the more susceptible genotypes sweet orange, grapefruit, and lime. Given the steep decline in populations in calamondin and kumquat, we compared water-soluble extracts from healthy leaf tissue from all previously investigated Citrus genotypes to determine if the extracts had any inhibitory effect on Xcc, implicating them in this abrupt population decline late in the infection process. Only extracts from calamondin leaf tissue significantly inhibited Xcc growth within 24 h. Potentially, constitutively produced inhibitory compounds in calamondin may result in less severe CC symptoms as a result of the rapid decline in Xcc populations.
Inversion for Salt Flank Geometry Using Transmitted P- and S-Wave Travel Times

Accurate delineation of the salt flank is important for oil and gas exploration in areas with salt intrusion. We describe the application of deformable-layer tomography (DLT) to invert for the geometry of salt flank using travel times of transmitted P- and S-waves from surface sources to downhole receivers. The DLT allows us to take advantage of a common situation that the salt velocity is known and generally invariant, but we need to determine the variable geometry of salt flank. We demonstrate our new method using a physical model experiment mimicking the setup of a walkaway vertical-seismic-profiling (VSP) survey. We first use picked P-wave arrivals to invert for the salt flank geometry; the sinusoid shape of the salt flank is estimated fairly by the DLT due to the uneven P-wave raypath coverage. As an improvement, we further incorporate the S-wave arrivals in the DLT. The picking of S-wave arrivals is assisted with modeled S-wave arrivals based on the P-wave DLT model. The DLT solution using both P- and S-wave arrivals delineates the salt flank geometry more accurately than that using P-wave arrivals alone. The salt flank delineation using DLT can complement with the conventional salt proximity and migration methods. It could also serve as constraints or the initial model for the full-waveform inversion of salt geometry.
An efficient system for Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in Pinus tabuliformis

Functional genomic studies using genetics approaches of conifers are hampered by the complex and enormous genome, long vegetative growth period, and exertion in genetic transformation. Thus, the research carried out on gene function in Pinus tabuliformis is typically performed by heterologous expression based on the model plant Arabidopsis. However, due to the evolutionary and vast diversification from non-flowering (gymnosperms) to flowering (angiosperms) plants, several key differences may alter the underlying genetic concerns and the analysis of variants. Therefore, it is essential to develop an efficient genetic transformation and gene function identification protocol for P. tabuliformis. In the present study we established a highly efficient transgene Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system for P. tabuliformis. Using a β-glucuronidase gene (GUS) as a reporter gene expression, the highest transformation efficiency (70.1%) was obtained by co-cultivation with Agrobacterium strain GV3101 at an optical density at 600 nm of 0.8, with 150 μM acetosyringone for 30 min followed by 3 days in the dark at 23 ± 1 °C. This protocol would be applied to other conifers; GUS staining was observed 24 h post-infection. We report a simple, fast, and resilient system for transient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation high-level expression of target genes in P. tabuliformis, which will also improve transformation efficiency in other conifer species.
Validity of Using Automated Two-Dimensional Video Analysis to Measure Continuous Sagittal Plane Running Kinematics

Two-dimensional video analysis is commonly used to assess kinematics when three-dimensional motion capture is unavailable. However, videos are often assessed using manual digitization, which limits the ability to extract outcomes that require continuous data. Here, we introduced a method to collect continuous kinematic data in 2D using an inexpensive camera and an open-source automated marker tracking program. We tested the validity of this method by comparing 2D video analysis to 3D motion capture for measuring sagittal-plane running kinematics. Twenty uninjured participants ran on a treadmill for 1-min while lower extremity kinematics were collected simultaneously in 3D using a motion capture system and in 2D using a single digital camera, both at 120 Hz. Knee, ankle, and foot angle at contact, peak knee flexion, knee flexion excursion, and knee-ankle flexion vector coding variability were computed using both the 3D and 2D kinematic data, and were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. The agreement between collection methods was excellent for foot angle at contact and knee flexion excursion, good for ankle and knee angle at contact and knee-ankle vector coding variability, and moderate for peak knee flexion. However, Bland-Altman plots revealed significant differences between the 2D and 3D collection methods, which varied across study participants. These low-cost methods could be useful for collecting continuous sagittal plane running kinematics in non-laboratory settings.
Understanding Dual Reconstruction

While the dual reconstruction principle has led to algorithms that enjoy empirical success in many applications, its theoretical understanding is largely missing. In this chapter, we aim to theoretically understand the principle of dual reconstruction. We first introduce one work that analyzes dual reconstruction in the unsupervised setting, which focuses on the complexity of the hypothesis space (of the primal and dual models), and then introduce the work that analyzes the principle in the semi-supervised setting, which focuses on the quality/accuracy of the primal/dual models.
Introduction to the Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment: overview of the process and context

The Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment (IN CCIA) is a collaborative effort to provide professionals, decision makers, and the public with information about how climate change affects state and local interests throughout Indiana, USA. This assessment effort has three interrelated goals: (1) analyze and document the best available climate change impacts research, (2) develop and maintain a network of stakeholders and experts, and (3) start a dialog about climate change throughout Indiana. The project adopted a process that prioritized stakeholder engagement, re-envisioned traditional dissemination approaches, and that had limited state government involvement, setting the IN CCIA apart from most other state climate assessments (SCAs) in the USA. This overview describes the motivations, principles, and processes that guided the IN CCIA development, explores how Indiana’s approach compares with those of other SCAs, and briefly summarizes the papers presented in this special issue. As interest in SCAs grows in non-coastal and politically conservative locations, the IN CCIA serves as one example of how a bottom-up assessment with limited funding can deliver credible climate science to diverse stakeholder groups in the absence of state-level mandates or direction and attract public attention over an extended period of time.
Drosophila female germline stem cells undergo mitosis without nuclear breakdown

Stem cell homeostasis requires nuclear lamina (NL) integrity. In Drosophila germ cells, compromised NL integrity activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) checkpoint kinases, blocking germ cell differentiation and causing germline stem cell (GSC) loss. Checkpoint activation occurs upon loss of either the NL protein emerin or its partner barrier-to-autointegration factor, two proteins required for nuclear reassembly at the end of mitosis. Here, we examined how mitosis contributes to NL structural defects linked to checkpoint activation. These analyses led to the unexpected discovery that wild-type female GSCs utilize a non-canonical mode of mitosis, one that retains a permeable but intact nuclear envelope and NL. We show that the interphase NL is remodeled during mitosis for insertion of centrosomes that nucleate the mitotic spindle within the confines of the nucleus. We show that depletion or loss of NL components causes mitotic defects, including compromised chromosome segregation associated with altered centrosome positioning and structure. Further, in emerin mutant GSCs, centrosomes remain embedded in the interphase NL. Notably, these embedded centrosomes carry large amounts of pericentriolar material and nucleate astral microtubules, revealing a role for emerin in the regulation of centrosome structure. Epistasis studies demonstrate that defects in centrosome structure are upstream of checkpoint activation, suggesting that these centrosome defects might trigger checkpoint activation and GSC loss. Connections between NL proteins and centrosome function have implications for mechanisms associated with NL dysfunction in other stem cell populations, including NL-associated diseases, such as laminopathies.
Presence, Manifestation, and Visitation in Abrahamic Religions: The Notion of “Presence” in Shi’ism

Robert Orsi’s History and Presence identifies a major lacuna in the modern understanding of religion. If secularism is characteristic of the modern era, Orsi argues that it is not the absence of th...
On Norm Selection Effect In Energy Efficient Modeling of Correlated Spatial Signals Using Machine Learning in Wireless Sensor Field

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are proper solutions for identification and tracking of spatial signals. In this paper, the effect of norm selection on performance and cost of modeling and tracking of spatial signals from sensor observations in sensor fields is discussed. The spatial signal is compressed into a number of its contour levels and the sensors with sensor observations within a given margin of these contour levels report their sensor observations to the data fusion center (FC) for spatial signal modeling. A machine learning algorithm that runs on FC determines the contour level’s margin, in an iterative process. It is assumed that the sensors are distributed randomly over the sensor field, and sensor observation is polluted by additive white Gaussian noise. The applied machine learning algorithm in this paper, uses a stochastic gradient method. During the iteration steps of the algorithm, the number of contour levels increases for finer spatial signal modeling. The stochastic gradient uses the iteration error in spatial signal modeling as its convergence measure. The spatial modeling performance and tracking cost of the algorithm with norm-1 and norm-2 are compared in calculation of iteration error.
Data on the relationship between lamotrigine and levetiracetam serum/plasma levels and toxicity: Experience at an academic medical center

Lamotrigine and levetiracetam are second-generation anti-epileptic drugs used for the management of seizure disorders and some other medical conditions. In the related research article using retrospective data from an academic medical center, we analyzed 5046 samples originating from 1930 unique patients that had lamotrigine drug levels performed on serum/plasma and 4359 samples from 2451 patients that had levetiracetam drug levels performed. The data in this article provides the patient demographic, clinical location at time of drug level, and specific lamotrigine or levetiracetam serum/plasma drug level for all patients. For those instances with lamotrigine drug level greater than 14.0 mg/L or levetiracetam drug level of 80 mg/L or higher, additional data from chart review includes: indication for ordering the drug level, two main presenting signs or symptoms at time of drug level, timing of drug level (random, trough, peak, or unknown), changes in drug dosing following the drug level, concomitant therapy with valproic acid (lamotrigine only), and details related to drug overdose (if applicable). The analyzed data is provided in the supplementary tables included in this article. Volumes of test ordering by year is included in a figure. The dataset reported is related to the research article entitled "Correlation of Elevated Lamotrigine and Levetiracetam Serum/Plasma Levels with Toxicity: A Long-Term Retrospective Review at an Academic Medical Center" [K. E. Wood, K. L. Palmer, M.D. Krasowski, Correlation of elevated lamotrigine and levetiracetam serum/plasma levels with toxicity: A long-term retrospective review at an academic medical center, Toxicol. Rep. (2021) 8:1592-1598].
Culture and Psychopathology: General Disorders

This chapter reviews pathologies of a general nature. Most of them are recognized by official, contemporary, psychiatric diagnostic systems and are observed in various societies and cultural settings around the world. Nevertheless, their prevalence, clinical pictures, and prognoses may vary from culture to culture. Therefore, this chapter focuses on cross-cultural research and epidemiological data. One of the most critical problems involved with epidemiological data in cross cultural comparisons is that investigations carried out in different social or cultural settings are often conducted by different investigators using different methods for gathering data and different ways to analyze the collected information. This makes forming direct cross-comparisons and meaningful interpretations difficult. Any findings that illustrate a substantial difference in certain kinds of psychopathologies between, or among, subjects of different ethnic, racial, or cultural backgrounds should not be immediately attributed to ethnic or cultural factors. Many other factors, including biological and social, should first be considered. From a cultural perspective, another common problem found in psychiatric epidemiological studies in the past was that most did not include the study of cultural information. The chapter states that no matter how sophisticated the methodology, there are still many issues that need to be considered from a cultural perspective in order to obtain culturally relevant epidemiological data.
Disciplining fiction: Projecting Robin Evans through history and geography

In 1978, Robin Evans published "Figures, Doors and Passages,” charting an explicit strategy for the coupling of architecture and fiction. In it, he argued that pairing architectural plans and their contemporary literature would elucidate the connection between spatial configurations and social life. By doing so, he conferred provisional legitimacy to literature, suggesting that there might be disciplinary avenues to conscript fiction in architectural research. For Evans, affording credibility to fictional representations required a specific bracketing, a bracketing leveraged against forms of representation particular to the discipline of architecture. Although some may discount the use of fiction as source material as simply an eccentricity of a design profession, it is seen as a potentially significant resource in disciplines whose credibility is tied directly to their sources' veracity: historians and geographers have argued for the inclusion of fiction within their canon, though not without significant discussions of its boundaries and potentials. These discussions, recorded in their trade publications, argue for the capacity of fictions and set boundaries relative to the rigors of their respective scholarship. These arguments in History and Geography, rather than finding their limits at fiction, have led to new inroads within their own scholarship through a continued, refined discourse that identifies fiction's provisional legitimacy and latent capacity. Architecture's appropriation of fiction has been more idiosyncratic, and no systematic survey of method exists. This paper compares the agendas, boundaries, and potentials of historians', geographers', and architects' employment of fiction. The contemporary resurgence of literature, fiction, and writing as appropriate domains of architectural research evidences a need to frame their inclusion within architectural scholarship. Using Robin Evans' explicit methodology as a point of entry, this paper compares his architectural representations and social fictions to those of History and Geography, in an attempt to identify a line of inquiry appropriate to contemporary architectural research.
B-lymphoma induction by reticuloendotheliosis virus: characterization of a mutated chicken syncytial virus provirus involved in c-myc activation.

Abstract Nondefective reticuloendotheliosis virus induces chicken bursal lymphoma in a manner similar to that of avian leukosis virus. The provirus integrates in the c-myc locus and uses a promoter insertion mechanism to activate c-myc expression. We cloned a provirus involved in c-myc activation from a B lymphoma. Detailed structural characterization of this clone, including sequence determination, revealed proviral insertion at 512 base pairs preceding the second c-myc exon. The provirus has a deletion of 80% of the viral genes but retains two intact long terminal repeats (LTRs). A segment of the viral env sequence is present in an inverted orientation. Elevated expression of c-myc, apparently directed by the 3' LTR, was detected. However, despite the presence of an intact 5' LTR, no viral transcripts were detected. Thus, the internal proviral rearrangement can affect 5' LTR transcription or stability of the message or both. This finding is in consonance with the view that proviral deletion plays an important role in the induction of bursal lymphomas by nonacute retroviruses.
Office-based evaluation of the older driver

This article comments on a companion piece in the same journal (Molnar, et al) that examines the usefulness of office-based cognition screening tests to determine fitness to drive in patients with dementia. This author notes that automobile driving places demands on attention, memory, problem solving, and information processing of cognitive skills that often decline with aging. However, screening tests for fitness to drive are just that, screening tests. They could be used to assist in the process of determining the need for further evaluation, and referral of patients for formal driver evaluation. The author stresses that decline in driving skills and the rate of decline is highly variable. The author concludes that what Molnar and colleagues have brought to attention is that, for those front-line clinicians who are looking for specific cutpoints, scoring algorithms, and decision rules, the driving and dementia literature falls short.
Odontodysplasia. Report of an unusual case and a review of the literature.

Abstract The patient described in this article represents an unusual case of odontodysplasia, a rare dental anomaly. The disease process involved both a deciduous and a permanent tooth located in the left posterior region of the maxilla. The etiology in this case, as in other cases reported, was undetermined. The most unusual feature of this case was the soft-tissue mass which completely enveloped the permanent maxillary first molar affected with odontodysplasia, and which could be easily enucleated in toto at operation. A review of the literature revealed that nineteen cases of odontodysplasia have been published, and that nine others have been alluded to but not published.
Site-directed mutagenesis of Escherichia coli succinyl-CoA synthetase. beta-Cys325 is a nonessential active site residue.

Abstract Chemical modification experiments have shown that sulfhydryl groups play an important role in the mechanism of action of Escherichia coli succinyl-CoA synthetase. One of these sulfhydryl groups has been localized in the beta-subunit of the enzyme using the coenzyme A affinity analog, CoA disulfide-S,S-dioxide (Collier, G. E., and Nishimura, J. S. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 4938-4943). Recently, it has been shown that the reactive sulfhydryl group resides in Cys325 (Nishimura, J. S., Mitchell, T., Ybarra, J., and Matula, J. M., submitted to Eur. J. Biochem. for publication). In the present study, we have changed Cys325 to a glycine residue using the technique of site-directed mutagenesis and have purified the mutant enzyme to homogeneity. The resulting mutant enzyme is 83% as active as wild type enzyme. In contrast to wild type succinyl-CoA synthetase, the mutant is refractory to chemical modification by CoA disulfide-S,S-dioxide and methyl methanethiolsulfonate. It is also less reactive with N-ethylmaleimide. Thus, beta-Cys325 is a nonessential active site residue.
PERCEPTION OF TEXTURE, VISUALLY AND TACTUALLY:: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY USING MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING ANALYSIS

The texturalcentric model of visual and tactile response to textural fabric surfaces was used to extract characteristics that could be used to build a construct definition of texture perception. Using multidimensional scaling analysis permitted subjects to provide numeric judgements of fabrics rather than using words with the individual's historic definition of those terms or without knowledge of some terms. Two hundred and forty subjects (50 per cent male, 50 per cent female) provided visual, tactile, or visual and tactile ratings of similarities of fabrics. The 47 fabrics were used in two administrations to ascertain cross‐validation. Data were analysed using M‐D SCAL Version 5M. Dimensions or characteristics of fabric were statistically analysed and named using bipolar adjectives: rough to smooth, plane to depth, irregular to regular surface units, shiny to matt, fine to coarse, light weight to heavy weight, simple to complex, small units to large units, open to compact, and soft to bumpy‐rough.
c‐Src and Mitosis

The transforming potential and by inference the physiological function of the proto-oncoprotein pp60c-src closely correlate with the level of its protein tyrosine kinase activity. We have investigated the cell cycle-dependent regulation of this activity using mouse fibroblasts overexpressing chicken or mouse pp60c-src as a model system. During mitosis pp60c-src becomes phosphorylated at specific serine and threonine residues by p34cdc2. At the same time its tyrosine kinase activity, assayed in vitro, is increased approximately twofold and accessibility of its SH2 domain for binding relevant phosphotyrosine-containing ligands increases by about 15-fold. A kinase-defective mutant of pp60c-src exhibits a substantial (50-70%) decrease in phosphorylation at Tyr527 during mitosis. Phosphorylation of this residue negatively regulates kinase activity. Indirect evidence indicates a lesser decrease in wild-type pp60c-src Tyr527 phosphorylation during mitosis. Coordinate mutation of the mitosis-specific phosphorylation (MSP) sites in kinase-defective pp60c-src greatly reduces, though does not abolish, its mitosis-specific tyrosine dephosphorylation. Similarly, coordinate mutation of the three MSP sites in chicken pp60c-src or the corresponding two sites in mouse pp60c-src does not completely block mitotic stimulation of kinase activity. Thus, additional events beyond p34cdc2-mediated phosphorylation are involved in cell-cycle dependent regulation of pp60c-src activity. This is also suggested by the stimulation of pp60c-src kinase activity and decrease in phosphorylation of Tyr527 observed following treatment of fibroblasts with okadaic acid, a potent inhibitor of types 1 and 2A serine/threonine phosphatases. The potential role of cell cycle-dependent regulation of phosphatases and kinases acting on the regulatory tyrosine residue of pp60c-src is discussed.
Investigation of the influence of simulated turbulence on handling qualities

Pilot opinion of the handling quality of a light general aviation aircraft was evaluated in a simulated turbulence environment. The turbulence is described in terms of rms intensity and scale length and their variation with time. Significant changes in pilot opinion ratings were obtained with variation in turbulence models and these are discussed in terms of complexity and suitability for handling-quality studies.
Reformulated model based modeling and simulation of ungrounded stiffly connected power systems

Features of ungrounded stiffly connected power systems have driven the development of strategies for detailed modeling and simulation for transient stability analysis. In this paper, a new generalized strategy is proposed for modeling and simulating ungrounded stiffly connected power systems. The proposed strategy neglects the minimal effects of line capacitances on system dynamics to achieve significant improvement in simulation speed. Since interconnection incompatibility occurs when neglecting capacitances, one component model is reformulated on each resistor or inductor bus to derive the voltage inputs of the interconnected component models. Systematic procedures are developed to build the model of an ungrounded stiffly connected system with a set of Differential-Algebraic-Equations (DAE) in the environment of Matlab/Simulink. The authors contrast their approach with two conventional power system simulation programs and a method reported in literature. By modeling and simulation of an example ungrounded stiffly connected power system, the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated.
Effect of strychnine on the primary evoked response and on the corticofugal reflex discharge.

Abstract Primary evoked responses and the concomitant corticofugal reflex discharges were recorded from pericruciate cortex and the medullary pyramid in chloralose-anesthetized cats. Strychnine applied directly to postcruciate arm cortex was found to enhance the primary response markedly and to increase the corticofugal reflex discharge evoked by stimulation of the contralateral forepaw, but it had no effect on the responses evoked by stimulation of the other paws. In precruciate arm focus, the strychnine effect followed stimulation of either forepaw, but not either hindpaw. Ablation of the opposite pericruciate cortex abolished the responses to ipsilateral paw stimulation without affecting those to contralateral paw stimulation. The pattern of effects is uniquely associated with the activity of s neurons, but not with m neurons. The effects on the corticofugal reflex could be accounted for by enhancement of the facilitatory action of s neurons onto the m neurons of the pyramidal tract. Possible reasons for the specificity of the strychnine action are discussed.
Online Estimation of Allan Variance Parameters

A new online method is presented for estimation of the angular randomwalk and rate randomwalk coefficients of inertial measurement unit gyros and accelerometers. In the online method, a state-space model is proposed, and recursive parameter estimators are proposed for quantities previously measured from offline data techniques such as the Allan variance method. The Allan variance method has large offline computational effort and data storage requirements. The technique proposed here requires no data storage and computational effort of approximately 100 calculations per data sample.
Fiber orientation and mechanical properties of short‐fiber‐reinforced injection‐molded composites: Simulated and experimental results

A numerical simulation is presented that combines the flow simulation during injection molding with an efficient algorithm for predicting the orientation of short fibers in thin composite parts. Fiber-orientation state is represented in terms of a second-order orientation tensor. Fiber-fiber interactions are modeled by means of an isotropic rotary diffusion. The simulation predicts flow-aligned fiber orientation (shell region)near the surface with transversely aligned (core region) fibers in the vicinity of the mid-plane. The effects of part thickness and injection speed on fiber orientation are analyzed. Experimental measurements of fiber orientation in plaque-shaped parts for three different combinations of cavity thickness and injection speed are reported. It is found that gapwise-converging flow due to the growing layer of solidified polymer near the walls tends to flow-align the fibers near the entrance, whereas near the melt front, gapwise-diverging flow due to the diminishing solid layer tends to lign the fibers transverse to the flow. The effect of this gapwise-converging-diverging flow is found to be especially significant for thin parts molded at slower injection speeds, which have a proportionately thicker layer of solidified polymer during the filling process. If the fiber orientation is known, predictions of the anisotropic tensile moduli and thermal-expansion coefficients of the composite are obtained by using the equations for unidirectional composites and taking an orientation average. These predictions are found to agree reasonably well with corresponding experimental measurements.
Low-temperature NMR techniques

The techniques for NMR measurements at temperatures of 1-120 K are discussed. Various cryogenic methods for attaining low temperatures are compared. Several designs and design criteria for the construction of low-temperature NMR probes are presented. This article is intended to assist workers first entering the field of low-temperature NMR.
High surface area polymer coatings for SAW-based chemical sensor applications

Abstract High surface-to-volume ratio coatings consisting of nano-scale polymer particles were applied to surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducers. The resulting sensors were tested upon exposure to analyte vapors and were compared with sensors developed from bulk films of the same polymers. The relative importance of surface adsorption and bulk absorption was investigated and it is shown that high surface area coatings can be used to improve the sensitivity and response time particularly in the case of polymers exhibiting low vapor permeability. Furthermore, because the mean particle diameter is small compared to the spacing of the SAW interdigital electrodes, nano-scale particulate coatings appear acoustically uniform and are therefore, compatible with SAW technology. The high surface-to-volume ratio coatings were deposited using a spray-on technique known as rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) and both glassy and viscoelastic polymers were studied.
Losses from effluent taxes and quotas under uncertainty

Recent theoretical papers by Adar and Griffin (J. Environ. Econ. Manag.3, 178–188 (1976)), Fishelson (J. Environ. Econ. Manag.3, 189–197 (1976)), and Weitzman (Rev. Econ. Studies41, 477–491 (1974)) show that,different expected social losses arise from using effluent taxes and quotas as alternative control instruments when marginal control costs are uncertain. Key assumptions in these analyses are linear marginal cost and benefit functions and an additive error for the marginal cost function (to reflect uncertainty). In this paper, empirically derived nonlinear functions and more realistic multiplicative error terms are used to estimate expected control and damage costs and to identify (empirically) the mix of control instruments that minimizes expected losses.
Advanced function printing: from print to presentation

The strength of Advanced Function PrintingTM (AFPTM) is due largely to the architectures that form its foundation. The architectures on which AFP is based have been developed over the last 12 years and have influenced the development of standards, competitive architectures, and, most importantly, software inside and outside IBM. Customers are demanding a more comprehensive view of printing that includes easy creation, viewing, and even specialized editing of printable documents. These "next generation" requirements are now being satisfied by software products that are based on the existing architecture. This paper describes some of these products and how they use the architecture, and describes possible future directions for AFP and related technologies.