cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential equations in Banach spaces and the extension of Lyapunov's method

The concept of Lyapunov's function is an important tool in studying various problems of ordinary differential equations. In the present paper we shall extend the Lyapunov's method to study some problems of differential equations in Banach spaces. Continuing the theory of one parameter semi-groups of linear and bounded operators founded by Hille and Yoshida, Kato(4) presented some uniqueness and existence theorems for the solutions of linear differential equations of the type where A ( t ) is a given function whose values are linear operators in Banach space. Krasnoselskii, Krein and Soboleveskii (5,6) also considered such equations including non-linear differential equations of the type Mlak (9) obtained some results concerning the limitations of solutions of the latter equation.
A formal total synthesis of dactylol

Abstract The tetracyclic epoxide 16 was prepared in stereocontrolled fashion from 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone, the key steps being Saegusa ring expansion of its silyl enol ether to 5, ortho ester Claisen rearrangement of 7, and cyclization of 9 without rupture of the three-membered ring. Epoxide 16 had previously been transformed into dactylol, thus completing the formal total synthesis.
Probing proton spin structure via heavy flavor production in PHENIX

The measurement of spin asymmetries in polarized p+p collisions provides an opportunity to probe the spin structure of nucleons. With transversely and longitudinally polarized proton beams at RHIC, we can measure both double longitudinal spin asymmetry ALL and single transverse spin asymmetry A N . At the RHIC energy, heavy quark (charm and beauty) production is dominated by gluon-gluon interactions, so measurements of ALL and AN will allow us to directly probe the polarized gluon distribution and gluon's Sivers functions, respectively. PHENIX experiment collected 3.5 pb -1 (beam polarization ∼50%) and 10 pb -1 (beam polarization ∼60%) data from year 2005 and 2006 runs, respectively. In this analysis, the J/ Ψ have been measured through the J/Ψ→ μ + μ - channel at forward rapidities, and about 30000 J/ψ candidates are reconstructed from Lv12 triggered data production. We present the latest results of J/ψA LL and AN measurements at forward rapidities from the PHENIX experiment.
The structural analysis of a levan produced by Streptococcus salivarius SS2

Abstract The structure of a water-soluble levan produced by Streptococcus salivarius SS2 has been determined by means of various chemical and instrumental methods. Methylation and periodate oxidation studies demonstrate that the levan is comprised of d -fructofuranosyl backbone residues linked β-(2→6) (about 70%) with β-(2→1) branches (about 30%). 13C-N.m.r. spectral analysis of the polymer is consistent with the structure determined by chemical means.
Water induced acceleration of the diffusion of organic vapors in polymers

The influence of water vapor on the rate of diffusion of organic molecules has been studied at 40°C. by the sorption method for the systems water-acetone-polyvinyl acetate, water-carbon tetrachloride-polyvinyl acetate, water-acetone-cellulose acetate (37.9% acetyl) and water-benzene-polystyrene. For the first three systems the rate of diffusion of the organic vapor is markedly faster for the mixture of water and organic vapor than for the pure organic vapor. With polyvinyl acetate, the rate of diffusion of 80 mm. of acetone is increased about 25-fold if 36 mm. of water vapor is mixed with the acetone. Diffusion of the larger carbon tetrachloride molecule is accelerated by water even more than is acetone. Water vapor at a pressure of 36 mm. causes about a 30-fold increase in the rate of diffusion of 80 mm. of acetone into cellulose acetate even though the diffusion of acetone itself into cellulose acetate is anomalous. With polystyrene the presence of water vapor causes no acceleration of the diffusion of benzene which is the expected result since, in contrast to the other two polymers, polystyrene sorbs only very small amounts of water. It is concluded that the marked effect of water vapor on the diffusion of organic vapors into polyvinyl acetate and cellulose acetate involves (a) a rapid diffusion of water into the polymer and (b) more rapid diffusion of the organic vapor into the “water plasticized” polymer than into the dry polymer.
Case report 286

Image gazeuse au niveau d'un kyste osseux solitaire de l'extremite proximale du femur gauche
Partners, Neighbors, and Friends: The Practice of a Place-Based Education

At Emory and Henry College, our vision for a place-based education integrating service with learning led in 1996, to the approval of the creation of a new major in Public Policy and Community Service. A rigorous and interdisciplinary service learning major, all of its courses are designed to help students better understand the impact of local, regional, national, and global structures and institutions on social change. As the curriculum evolves, we are institutionalizing in it a systematic study of several primary conceptual themes: citizenship, service, religion, public ethics, cultural diversity, public policy, place-based politics, social justice, and social change. The program aims to empower students by enabling them 110t only to understand critically the necessity and processes of social change but also to become agents of change in Southwest Virginia, Appalachia, and beyond, while they are students.
The synthesis of 1,4-ethano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines as rigid analogues of adrenergic agents

The Diels-Alder addition of benzyne and 4,5-dimethoxybenzyne to 1-(2-trans-phenylvinyl)-2-pyridone and 1-benzyl-3-benzyloxy-2-pyridones provided members of the 1,4-etheno-3-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline system. Catalytic reduction of these adducts yielded the corresponding tricyclic lactams. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of these lactams produced a number of 1,4-ethano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines.
PROSTATE SPECIFIC ORIGIN OF DIPEPTIDYLPEPTIDASE IV (CD-26) IN HUMAN SEMINAL PLASMA

AbstractPurpose: A number of peptidases which can metabolize certain bioactive peptides and growth factors have been identified in seminal plasma. Our goal in this study was to determine molecular properties and the tissue source(s) for one of these peptidases, dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), in human seminal plasma.Materials and Methods: We measured the activities of DPP IV with the dipeptide glycylprolyl-p-nitroanalide and its molecular forms using immunoblotting of seminal plasmas of men who were vasectomized or with different sperm concentrations, and in prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions of men undergoing prostatic surgery.Results: DPP IV in seminal plasma of vasectomized men was a membrane associated dimer comprised of subunits of approximately 110 kDa. Its activity did not differ in seminal plasmas of vasectomized, azoospermic, oligozoospermic and normozoospermic men indicating no correlation with the concentration of sperm originally present in the semen. The DPP IV antigen (CD -26) and enz...
Chrysamine-G binding to Alzheimer and control brain: Autopsy study of a new amyloid probe

Chrysamine-G (CG) is a carboxylic acid analogue of Congo red, a histologic dye which stains amyloid. CG binds to the beta-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro and partitions into the brain of normal mice. In this study, we demonstrate increased binding of [14C]CG to homogenates of several regions of AD brain as compared to control. The total binding of CG to AD brain was approximately two- to threefold that of control brain. The cerebellum could be used as an internal standard for each brain as CG binding to cerebellum did not differ between AD and control. The binding of [14C]CG correlated with numbers of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In addition, CG could be used to stain cerebrovascular amyloid in tissue sections. These results suggest that CG may prove useful as an in vivo probe of amyloid deposition in AD.
Colorectal cancer: Management of small polyps detected by CT colonography.

A recent survey of patients, primary physicians and gastroenterologists found that an overwhelming majority prefer endoscopic polypectomy for small polyps detected by screening CT colonography. These hypothetical results, however, strongly contradict results in actual clinical practice.
A roadmap for distribution energy management via multiobjective optimization

Multiobjective optimization has been applied to the problem of optimal energy management in power distribution systems. Future distribution systems with increased deployment of distributed energy storage devices and distributed energy resources are being designed under the aegis of a number of sectors of the power engineering community. This includes the National Science Foundation supported Future Renewable Electric Energy Distribution Management (FREEDM) center. A technical roadmap for the FREEDM center distribution system is proposed that is based on multiobjective optimization. Diverse objectives in the optimal control of the distribution energy management system are handled through a Pareto optimal approach. The normal boundary intersection method is used to develop a Pareto optimal front and solving the multiobjective optimization subroutine has been approached through separable programming techniques. Uncertainty in load demand and distributed resource power output are incorporated in the test cases studied to formulate a robust algorithm for distribution energy management. The paper also makes brief reference to the Smart Grid and its objectives - and how the proposed distribution energy management fits into this initiative.
Rhabdomyosarcoma arising in transgenic mice harboring the beta-globin locus control region fused with simian virus 40 large T antigen gene

Abstract The beta-globin locus control region (LCR) confers a high level of erythroid-specific and copy-number-dependent expression to human globin genes in transgenic mice. Simian virus 40 T (tumor) antigen (Tag) with its own natural enhancer causes choroid plexus tumors in mice. We investigated the effect of the LCR on Tag gene expression, reasoning that mice harboring a LCR-Tag fusion gene might develop hematopoietic malignancies. To test this hypothesis we introduced an enhancerless Tag gene downstream of a LCR cassette into the germ lines of mice. The phenotypes of the transgenic mice depended on the copy number of the transgene. While mice with 1-2 copies matured normally, those with 3-7 copies developed rhabdomyosarcomas in different anatomic sites at high frequency and showed hyperplasia of the pancreatic islet cells which progressed to pancreatic islet tumors. In addition, the mice bearing 7 copies of the transgene had hypoglycemia and were stunted in growth. Mice with more than 10 copies were markedly stunted in growth and died within 2-4 weeks. Tag expression was detected at high levels in the mouse tumors but not in any other tissues, including the hematopoietic cells.
Substance Use Motives Related to Social Reinforcement among People with a History of Incarceration

• Summary: Motivational factors have been viewed as central to both the initiation and perpetuation of substance abuse. Until now, the relationship of substance use motives to previous life experie...
The photochemistry of iodo, methyl and thiomethyl substituted aryl azides in toluene solution and frozen polycrystals.

The photolysis of para-methyl and para-thiomethylphenylazide at 77 K produces the corresponding triplet nitrenes which can be detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Photolysis of these azides in frozen toluene at 77 K leads to insertion of the nitrene into a benzylic C-H bond of the matrix in modest yields. Photolysis of iodinated aryl azides under these conditions does not produce triplet nitrenes that can be detected by EPR spectroscopy. In contrast to the para-methyl and para-thiomethyl substituted phenyl nitrenes, photo-induced cgupling of iodo-substituted phenyl nitrenes to toluene proceeds in very poor yield.
Isomeric levels in the light thallium isotopes

Abstract A study has been made of the metastable states produced in certain heavy-ion reactions by observing the gamma-ray and conversion-electron transitions occurring between the beam bursts of the HILAC at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory. Targets and projectiles were chosen which produce thallium isotopes ranging from mass 200 to mass 191. New E3 isomers were found in Tl200, Tl199 and Tl193. The isomer in Tl200 is apparently a 7+ level, in close analogy with other known even-mass thallium isotopes, Considerable evidence was accumulated that in the odd-mass thallium nuclei, including the previously studied Tl197 and Tl195, the metastable state has spin and parity 9 2 − . Such a state is not expected to occur at low energies in these nuclei, and its nature, therefore, presents an interesting problem.
Expectations about the Future and the Emotional Consequences of Perceiving Prejudice

Three studies tested the hypothesis that possessing a pessimistic outlook on life moderates the effects of perceiving sexism on emotions and self-esteem. Across all studies, a pessimistic outlook on life (either dispositionally held or experimentally induced) served as a source of emotional vulnerability among women (Studies 1-3) and men (Study 1) faced with evidence of sexism directed against their gender group. Study 3 demonstrated that one's outlook on life influences emotional adjustment to prejudice through the cognitive appraisal process. Relative to optimists, pessimists appraised sexism as more stressful and believed they possessed fewer resources for coping with it. This research emphasizes the importance of examining sources of vulnerability and resilience in understanding emotional responses to prejudice.
Holocene Climate of New England

Stratigraphic studies of pollen and macrofossils from six sites at different elevations in the White Mountains of New Hampshire demonstrate changes in the distributions of four coniferous tree species during the Holocene. Two species presently confined to low elevations extended farther up the mountain slopes during the early Holocene: white pine grew 350 m above its present limit beginning 9000 yr B.P., while hemlock grew 300–400 m above its present limit soon after the species immigrated to the region 7000 yr. B.P. Hemlock disappeared from the highest sites about 5000 yr B.P., but both species persisted at sites 50–350 m above their present limits until the Little Ice Age began a few centuries ago. The history of the two main high-elevation conifers is more difficult to interpret. Spruce and fir first occur near their present upper limits 9000 or 10,000 yr B.P. Fir persisted in abundance at elevations similar to those where it occurs today throughout the Holocene, while spruce became infrequent at all elevations from the beginning of the Holocene until 2000 yr B.P. These facts suggest a more complex series of changes than a mere upward shift of the modern environmental gradient. Nevertheless, we conclude that the minimum climatic change which would explain the upward extensions of hemlock and white pine is a rise in temperature, perhaps as much as 2°C. The interval of maximum warmth started 9000 yr B.P. and lasted at least until 5000 yr B.P., correlative with the Prairie Period in Minnesota.
NEAR-ATOMIC-RESOLUTION EELS IN SILICON-GERMANIUM ALLOYS

SUMMARY Recent advances in instrumental capabilities now allow us to combine spatially resolved EELS with annular darkfield (ADF) imaging to relate the electronic or bonding behaviour of a small region to its atomic structure. Although still limited to projections of structures at the 0·2 nm level, the ADF imaging gives excellent information about the structure and composition of crystalline interfaces and defects. Spatially resolved EELS can then obtain the local bonding and electronic structure, with a similar spatial resolution. Using the silicon 2p core excitation as a probe of the conduction band density of states, it is possible to follow changes of these bands as a function of composition and defect structure in the Ge-Si alloy system. Effects due to local strain are also observable.
Electron spin resonance and spin-trapping studies of radiation damage in biologically significant molecules

Abstract Recent electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin trapping studies of γ-radiation induced radicals in protein and nucleic acid constituents in the polycrystalline state and in aqueous solutions are reviewed. When complex mixtures of spin-adducts are generated, the identification of radicals is facilitated by combining spin trapping with high pressure liquid chromatography, using ESR as an in-line detector. For high molecular weight polypeptides and polynucleotides, enzymatic hydrolysis of the spin trapped macromolecular radicals appears to be a promising approach. Attempts to spin trap radicals inside γ-irradiated cells and whole animals are discussed.
The Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Services Value with GIS Technology in HulunBuir City of China

The grassland ecosystem of HulunBuir city is an important component of ecology security system in Northeast China. In this study, net primary productivity (NPP), as an improtant ecological parameter, was used to estmate the services value. Considering the characteristic of satellite imagery, it is difficult to calculate some functions. So we calculated the services value from 6 aspects, including soil erosion control, water conservation, direct production, gas regulation, nutrient recycling and atmospheric environment purification. The total services value of grassland ecosystem was estimated in RMB to be aproximately 18.47×109Yuan in 2006, the average economic value of unit area was 15.4×104Yuan/km2. The direct production value was 1.23×109Yuan/year; and the contribution rate to total value was 6.66%. The water regulation value was the maximum, 9.09×109Yuan/year. Gas regulation value was 5.25×109Yuan/yea. The purify atmosphere value was minimal.
Dissolution half-times of nickel compounds in water, rat serum, and renal cytosol

Seventeen nickel compounds were incubated in water, rat serum, and rat renal cytosol for 72 hr at 37°C. Concentrations of dissolved nickel were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and dissolution half-times (T50) were computed by the Weibull equation. Eleven of the nickel compounds (Ni, βNiS, amorphous NiS, αNi3S2, NiSe, Ni3Se2, NiTe, NiAs, Ni11As8, Ni5As2, and NiFeS4) dissolved more rapidly in serum or cytosol than in water. Four of the compounds (NiO, NiSb, NiFe alloy, and NiTiO3) had no detectable dissolution in any of the media (i.e., T50 > 11 yr). One compound (NiAsS) had approximately equal T50 values in the three media; the T50 value of one compound (NiS2) could not be determined in serum or cytosol owing to precipitation. T50 values of 34 and 21 days for dissolution of αNi3S2 in serum and cytosol, respectively, agree closely with the excretion half-time of 24 days derived from previously reported data for excretion of 63Ni in urine and feces of rats after intramuscular injection of α63Ni3S2. These findings suggest that in vitro dissolution half-times of nickel compounds may be used to predict their in vivo excretion half-times, since the dissolution process is rate-limiting to their metabolism and excretion.
Combined postischemic hypothermia and delayed MK-801 treatment attenuates neurobehavioral deficits associated with transient global ischemia in rats

The present study was designed to determine whether postischemic hypothermia, delayed MK-801 (dizocilpine) administration, or a combination of these treatments can provide lasting neurobehavioral protection following transient global ischemia in rats. Rats were subjected to 10 min of normothermic (37°C) ischemia induced by 2-vessel occlusion and hypotension (50 mmHg) or sham procedures. Ischemia was followed by either: (a) 3 h at normothermic brain temperatures, (b) 3 h of postischemic brain hypothermia at 30°C, (c) hypothermia coupled with MK-801 (4 mg/kg, i.p.) on postischemic days 3, 5 and 7, or (d) postischemic MK-801 treatment alone. Neurobehavioral evaluation 6–8 weeks following surgery showed that normothermic ischemia (NI) was associated with water maze navigational deficits, including performance on a simple place task involving finding a hidden platform maintained in one position for 6 days, and a learning set task in which the platform was moved to a different location each day (both P's< 0.02 vs. sham). NI was also associated with increased locomotion in an open field (P < 0.01 vs. sham). A combination of postischemic hypothermia and delayed MK-801 injections provided partial protection from ischemic-associated hyperactivity in the open field (P < 0.02 vs. NI), and robust protection from simple place task deficits (P < 0.02 vs. NI). Evidence for significant protective effects of MK-801 or hypothermia alone was observed in the learning set, during the final trial blocks each day. These results provide further evidence for neuroprotective effects of these treatments at chronic survival intervals, and indicate that the therapeutic window for attenuating ischemic damage is considerably longer than has heretofore been appreciated.
Space Shuttle Solid Rocket booster nozzle flexible seal pivot point dynamics

The NASA Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) uses an omniaxial flexible seal for vectoring the nozzle. This flexible seal, being built under the technical management of Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, is the first ever to be used on a manned spacecraft booster. Since no test history on the particular type of flexible seal being used was available and since flexible seal dynamics characteristics affect many vehicle hardware design and manufacture requirements, a rigorous test program to assess the integrity and operating characteristics of the seal was developed and executed. Vector requirements of the SRM flexible seal and results of subscale and full-scale prototype seal verification tests are included. The advantages of an improved method of calculating actuator stroke versus vector angle and pressure over the more classical method of calculating actuator strokes using pivot point envelopes are discussed. Results presented show that the SRM seal design will satisfy flight requirements.
CUSP FORMS ON GSp(4) WITH SO(4)-PERIODS

The Saito–Kurokawa lifting of automorphic representations from PGL(2) to the projective symplectic group of similitudes PGSp(4) of genus 2 is studied using the Fourier summation formula (an instance of the "relative trace formula"), thus characterizing the image as the representations with a nonzero period for the special orthogonal group SO(4, E/F) associated to a quadratic extension E of the global base field F, and a nonzero Fourier coefficient for a generic character of the unipotent radical of the Siegel parabolic subgroup. The image is nongeneric and almost everywhere nontempered, violating a naive generalization of the Ramanujan conjecture. Technical advances here concern the development of the summation formula and matching of relative orbital integrals.
Influence of Polymerization Conditions on Nanostructure and Properties of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Templated from Lyotropic Liquid Crystals

Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) have recently been employed as polymerization templates to yield highly ordered nanostructured hydrogels, which have shown promise in biological separations and tissue engineering. To allow greater control of hydrogel structure using LLC templates, this study focuses on the influence of polymerization kinetics and temperature on ultimate polymer morphology and properties. A more in-depth understanding of these phenomena has been obtained through extensive examination of polymer structure with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The impact of different polymerization rate and temperature regimes on polymer morphology was determined using isotropic, cubic, and hexagonal phases as polymerization templates. Polymer morphology varies dramatically depending on LLC phase template, while within a given phase changes in polymerization time scale and temperature greatly impact polymer structure. SAXS reveals a higher degree of retained liquid ...
Immigration and immigrant generations in population projections.

Abstract This paper proposes a new model for population projections. This model projects an initial population under conditions of fertility, mortality, and international migration (like standard cohortcomponent models), but considers the population arrayed by generation. The model incorporates four generations: a foreign-born first generation (the immigrants), a second generation (sons and daughters of immigrants), a third generation (grandsons and granddaughters of immigrants), and fourth-and-higher generations. The model requires fertility, mortality, and migration equations by generation, which take a somewhat different form than in conventional cohort-component population projection. Consideration of the model also makes apparent that assignment of births to generations may not follow a simple form; the paper presents a method for including the empirical description of intergenerational births within the generational framework. As an example, we examine the next century of population growth for the Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White non-Hispanic populations in the United States, comparing their growth rates and their composition within the total US population. With annual net immigration of 950000, the total US population of 249 million in 1990 will top 400 million in 2070 and reach about 432 million in 2090. Thus, the level of immigration and emigration assumed in these projections suggests considerable population growth for the next hundred years. The racial/ethnic composition of the United States will shift markedly during the next century, as described in the paper.
EFFECT OF CHITIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON OVIPOSITION BY TREATED ADULTS AND ON SUBSEQUENT EGG HATCH OF THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOFTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

In laboratory studies with the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), TH 6043 and TH 6044, new benzoylphenylurea chitin-synthesis inhibitors, were more effective than TH 6045 and diflubenzuron in reducing hatch of eggs from treated adults. With TH 6043 and TH 6044, egg hatch was reduced only when the female of each mating pair was treated. Topical application of diflubenzuron to adults moderately reduced egg hatch while TH 6045 had no effect. Diflubenzuron also reduced oviposition by females. None of these compounds adversely affected mortality, longevity, or mating propensity of adults.
The tumor-suppressor gene ARHI (DIRAS3) suppresses ovarian cancer cell migration through inhibition of the Stat3 and FAK/Rho signaling pathways.

The tumor-suppressor gene ARHI ( DIRAS3 ) suppresses ovarian cancer cell migration through inhibition of the Stat3 and FAK/Rho signaling pathways
Total Mercury Determination in Biological and Environmental Standard Samples by Gold Amalgamation Followed by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract As a result of industrialization and changes in the environment during the twentieth century, human and animals are exposed to numerous chemical forms of mercury, including elemental mercury vapor (Hg 0 ), inorganic mercurous (Hg + ) and mercuric (Hg 2+ ) compounds, and organic mercuric ( R –Hg + or R –Hg– R , where R represents any organic ligand) compounds. All forms of mercury have toxic effects, therefore, it is important to determine total mercury in biological and environmental samples to establish baseline levels. This paper highlights the methodology developed for total mercury determination in biological and environmental samples using preconcentration by mercury amalgamation accessory followed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The high-pressure microwave digested mercury samples were chemically reduced by stannous chloride and the vapor generated was collected on a mercury amalgamation tube (MAT). The concentrated mercury was revolatilized by rapid heating of the MAT to 500–800°C and was transferred to the absorption cell for determination by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The preconcentration on the MAT and subsequent revolatilization methodology was compared with the cold vapor atomic absorption determination without the preconcentration step. The preconcentration proved to be sensitive and as the result of the high sensitivity, small sample volumes were analyzed and only short sampling times were required. The values for NIST certified human urine, apple leaves, rice flour, bovine liver, buffalo sediments, estuarine sediments, and coal fly ash standard samples were found to be 0.103, 0.067, 0.013, 0.006, 1.267, 0.013, and 0.233 ppm, respectively, versus the certified values of 0.105, 0.044, 0.0058, 0.004, 1.440, 0.063, and 0.16 ppm, respectively. The method is thus suitable for continuous monitoring of mercury and for the fast and reliable determination of mercury in biological and environmental samples, even at background levels.
WIN55,212-2-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 expression in microglial cells: involvement of cannabinoid receptors.

Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are primarily expressed in cells of the nervous and immune systems, respectively. Recently, the synthetic CB1/CB2 agonist WIN55,212-2 was found to suppress replication of HIV-1 in microglial cell cultures. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that WIN55,212-2’s antiviral effect is mediated via CB2 receptors. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, microglia were found to express both CB1 and CB2 receptors. Using additional CB1/CB2 receptor agonists and selective antagonists, we found that CB2 receptors are involved in WIN55,212-2’s antiviral activity and surprisingly that the CB1 receptor-selective antagonist SR141716A behaved as an agonist in these brain macrophages.
Carcinoma of the thyroid gland, with special reference to a clinicopathologic classification.

CLINICAL ASPECTS FROM the clinical point of view carcinomas of the thyroid can be divided into two main groups, the papillary and the nonpapillary. Papillary carcinomas behave as lymphangioinvasive tumors and metastasize to lymph nodes, whereas nonpapillary carcinomas are hemangioinvasive and metastasize through the blood stream. The great differences in the clinical behavior and prognosis of these two groups of tumors can be explained by their respective tendencies to invade lymphatics and blood vessels. Papillary carcinomas tend to be nonencapsulated, or at least nonenucleable. If a capsule is present it is formed by sclerosis and is densely adherent to the surrounding thyroid tissue so that it cannot be “shelled out” like the differentiated nonpapillary carcinomas. It is perhaps because the papillary carcinomas originate in the parenchyma of the thyroid, which is well supplied with lymphatic vessels, that they tend to invade lymphatics. If the nonpapillary tumors arise in adenomas the absence or paucit...
Allocation of Colony-Level Foraging Effort in Vespula germanica in Response to Food Resource Quantity, Quality, and Associated Olfactory Cues

In social insects, selection takes place primarily at the level of the colony. Therefore, unlike solitary insects, social species are expected to forage at rates that maximize colony fitness rather than individual fitness. Workers can increase the net benefit of foraging by responding to increased resource availability, by responding more strongly to higher-quality resources, and by decreasing the uncertainty with which nestmates find resources. Unlike many ants and social bees, no social wasp is known to utilize a nest-based recruitment signal to inform nestmates of food location. On the other hand, wasps do learn the odor of food brought to the nest and use this cue to locate the food source outside the nest. Here, we quantify the effects of three food-associated variables on the allocation of foraging effort in the yellowjacket Vespula germanica. We used an experimental approach to assess whether resource quantity, quality, or associated olfactory information affect the probability that a forager will leave the nest on a foraging trip. We addressed these questions by inserting a known amount of sucrose solution directly into nests and recording foraging effort (departure rate) over the subsequent hour-long observation period. No differences were found in foraging effort because of the presence/absence of olfactory cues, but there was strong evidence that foraging effort increased in response to resource influx and resource quality. Thus, while olfactory cues are learned in the nest, only resource quality and the cue of increased amount of food in the nest factor into a forager's decision of whether or not to depart on a foraging trip. However, as prior work has shown, once a wasp forager leaves the nest, it uses the learned olfactory cues to aid in finding resources.
Characterization of Low Temperature, Wafer-Level Gold-Gold Thermocompression Bonds

Low temperature, wafer-level bonding offers several advantages in MEMS packaging, such as device protection during aggressive processing/handling and the possibility of vacuum sealing. Although thermocompression bonding can be achieved with a variety of metals, gold is often preferred because of its acceptance in die bonding [1] and its resistance to oxidation. This study demonstrates that the simultaneous application of moderate pressure (0.5 MPa) and temperature (300°C) produces strong wafer-level bonds. A four-point benddelamination technique was utilized to quantify bond toughness. Test specimens exhibited constant load versus displacement behavior during steady state crack propagation. Two distinct fracture modes were observed: cohesive failure within the Au and adhesive failure at the Ti-Si interface. The strain energy release rate for Au-Au fracture was found to be higher than that associated with Ti-Si fracture, consistent with the greater plastic deformation that occurs in the metal during fracture.
Multidisciplinary Management of Maternal Diaphragmatic Hernia

Poster Presentation Background Early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment are critical in the management of the pregnant woman with a diaphragmatic hernia (DH), which occurs when abdominal viscera shift into the thoracic cavity. Signs and symptoms mimic normal pregnancy and include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspnea, radiating shoulder pain, and chest pain. Case A 30-year-old, gravida 2, para 2, woman at 29 3/7 weeks gestation presented with nausea, dry heaves, abdominal and back pain, constipation, and an inability to get comfortable. Her medical history included gastric bypass surgery, strangulated hernia repair, and a cesarean birth of twins at 34 weeks gestation. A CT scan revealed a 7-inch diameter incarcerated DH. Treatment required two surgical interventions. The first was an immediate DH repair, and the second an abdominal hernia repair and C/S. A nurse-coordinated, multidisciplinary team convened to discuss the plan of care and identify potential risks and possible emergency interventions. Team members included the general surgeon and assistant, the operating room (OR) team, an obstetric anesthesiologist, the labor and delivery (L&D) nurse, and the obstetrician. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) team and other specialist were on standby. Planned interventions included general and epidural anesthesia, dual-lumen intubation with two ventilators, and intermittent fetal monitoring. The woman and her husband were involved in the discussions of the plan of care. The DH repair was completed without incident. The recovery occurred in the intensive care unit (ICU) with care provided by the ICU and L&D nursing staff to monitor central lines, peripherally inserted central catheter lines, total parenteral nutrition, ventilators, sedation, epidural, wound vacuums, chest tubes, g-tube, Foley catheter, and fetal heart tones. Weekly multidisciplinary meetings were held to discuss maternal and fetal progress, update the plan of care and identify interventions for emergency situations, including a cesarean in the ICU for a prolapsed cord (fetus in transverse lie). The adjacent ICU room was set up as an NICU, and cesarean and anesthesia equipment were available. The team leads for L&D and ICU created a to do list in case for emergency. The goal was to monitor the mother and newborn until 34 weeks gestation when the second surgery was planned. The cesarean and hernia repair were done at 34 6/7 weeks gestation in the main OR with the patient's husband present. She recovered in the postanesthesia care unit and was transferred to a medical/surgical unit. The newborn was admitted to the NICU. Detailed postoperative instructions for the L&D and medical/surgical team leads were outlined. A triage phone list was posted in the patient's room. The mother and newborn recovered without complications. Conclusion Multidisciplinary teamwork, communication, and care coordination resulted in the discharge of a healthy mother and newborn.
Differential labeling of the subunits of respiratory complex III with (3H)succinic anhydride, (14C)succinic anhydride, and p-diazobenzene-(35S)sulfonate

Exposure of antimycin-treated Complex III (ubiquinol-cytochromec reductase) purified from bovine heart mitochondria to [3H]succinic anhydride plus [35S]p-diazobenzenesulfonate (DABS) resulted in somewhat uniform relative labeling of the eight measured subunits of the complex by [3H]succinic anhydride. In contrast, relative labeling by [35S]DABS was similar to [3H]succinic anhydride for the subunits of high molecular mass, i.e., core proteins, cytochromes, and the iron-sulfur protein, but greatly reduced for the polypeptides of molecular mass below 15 kDa. With Complex III depleted in the iron-sulfur protein the relative labeling of core protein I by exposure of the complex to [3H]succinic anhydride was significantly enhanced, whereas labeling of the polypeptides represented by SDS-PAGE bands 7 and 8 was significantly inhibited. Dual labeling of the subunits of Complex III by14C- and3H-labeled succinic anhydride before and after dissociation of the complex by sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively, was measured with the complex in its oxidized, reduced, and antimycin-inhibited states. Subunits observed to be most accessible or reactive to succinic anhydride were core protein II, the iron-sulfur protein, and polypeptides of SDS-PAGE bands 7, 8, and 9. Two additional polypeptides of molecular masses 23 and 12 kDa, not normally resolved by gel-electrophoresis, were detected. Reduction of the complex resulted in a significant change of14C/3H labeling ratio of core protein only, whereas treatment of the complex with antimycin resulted in decreases in14C/3H labeling ratios of core proteins I and II, cytochromec1, and a polypeptide of molecular mass 13 kDa identified as an antimycin-binding protein.
Anthropometry of aged male wheelchair-dependent patients

SummaryA number of anthropometric dimensions, including stature, weight, circumferences, estimated body fat from skinfolds and handgrip strength were measured on a sample of 33 male wheelchair-dependent Veterans Administration patient-members. These patients had a mean age of 71·2 years, had been wheelchair-dependent for a mean of 5·2 years and had various physical disabilities. When the anthropometric dimensions for these wheelchair-dependent patients were compared to those previously reported for ambulatory veterans of similar age, we found similar statures, total body fat percentages, and limb circumferences. In contrast, the wheelchair-dependent individuals tended to have smaller upper body skinfolds, and greater body weight, trunk circumferences, lower body skinfolds and handgrip strength. These differences may be due in part to the biomechanics of wheelchair locomotion and the rather sedentary lifestyle of many wheelchair users.
Optical Study of the Electronic Structure of Diamond

Diamond electronic structure studied by absolute reflectance measurements, obtaining dielectric response function over broad energy range
Electromodulated Molecular Transport in Gold-Nanotube Membranes

We have developed a new class of synthetic membranes that contain monodisperse Au nanotubes with inside diameters of molecular dimensions (<1 nm). The Au nanotubes span the complete thickness of the membrane and can act as conduits for molecule and ion transport between solutions placed on either side of the membrane. We have recently become interested in the concept of electromodulating neutral molecule transport across these membranes. This communication describes a novel approach for accomplishing this objective. This approach makes use of an anionic surfactant which, when a positive potential is applied to the Au nanotube membrane, partitions into the nanotubes to charge the solution side of the electrical double layer at the tube walls. Because of the hydrophobic tail of the surfactant, this renders the nanotube interior hydrophobic, and the membrane now preferentially extracts and transports neutral hydrophobic molecules. Because the anionic surfactant can be expelled from the nanotubes by applying ...
Alteration of cellular proliferation in the ileal epithelium of suckling and weaned rats: the effects of isoproterenol.

The purpose of this study was to analyse cell proliferation in the ileum before and after neonatal closure to macromolecules and to determine the effects of the sympathomimetic amine, isoproterenol (IPR), on cell cycle parameters. 8- and 28-day-old rats were employed in this study representing the neonatal periods of pre- and post-closure ileum respectively. The duration of the cell cycle phases was determined by the percentage of labeled metaphases technique (PLM) with computerized analysis of the curves. The generation cycle time was longer in 8-day-old suckling rats (18.63 hr) as compared to the older weaned rats (11.85 hr), and most of this 6.78 hr difference was in the G1-period (4.5 hr). Other proliferative indices were also lower in the suckling rats—mitotic index (1.9 ± 0.4% as compared to 6.7 ± 0.9%), labelling index (26.8 ± 2.5% versus 44.2 ± 2.6%) and migration rate measured as per cent labeled villus cells (8.9 ± 3.1% versus 45.2 ± 3.4%). IPR was found to inhibit cellular proliferation in the ileal epithelium of both age groups. The cell cycle of the ileal epithelium of 8-day-old rats was lengthened from 18.63 to 21.07 hr and 28-day-old rats from 11.85 to 13.98 hr. IPR produced a decrease in mitotic index from 1.9 ± 0.4% to 1.6 ± 0.4% in pre-closure ileum and from 6.7 ± 0.9% to 5.1 ± 0.6% in post-closure ileum. Labeling index decreased from 26.8 ± 2.5% to 20.0 ± 2.0% in 8-day-old rats and from 44.2 ± 2.6% to 31.1 ± 3.0% in 28-day-old rats after IPR administration. There were also significant differences in growth fraction between age groups and a significant decrease in growth fraction after IPR-treatment. From the results of this study it appears that β-adrenergic stimulation has an inhibitory effect on neonatal ileal epithelium.
Characterization of the O-polysaccharide of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype A1

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide was isolated from Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 1 by using the phenol-water extraction procedure. Hydrolysis with mild acid afforded a high-molecular-weight antigenic O -chain. On the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral studies and microanalytical chemical methods, the O -polysaccharide was determined to be a inear polymer of a trisaccharide repeating unit having the structure. This O -polysaccharide antigen is expressed by several P. haemolytica biotype A serotypes.
Analysis of uniaxial compression of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

We carry out axisymmetric, finite deformation finite element analyses of the uniaxial compression of cylindrical bundles of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) firmly attached to a Si substrate. A compressible elastic–viscoplastic constitutive relation with a piecewise, linear hardening–softening–hardening flow strength is used to model the material. Calculations are performed for VACNTs both with uniform properties and with axially graded properties. We show that, with uniform properties, sequential buckling initiates at the substrate and propagates away from it, in agreement with previous experimental findings. We investigate the dependence of the magnitude and wavelength of the buckles on characteristics of the function defining the flow strength. When a property gradient giving a more compliant response at the end opposite to the substrate is specified, we find that sequential buckling initiates at that end and propagates toward the substrate. Results of the analyses are compared with the experimental observations and capture many of the experimentally obtained stress–strain and morphological features. The proposed model serves as a promising foundation for capturing the underlying energy absorption mechanisms in these systems. Comparison of the model predictions with the experimental results also suggests directions for model improvement.
Personality factors of individuals who survive traumatic experiences without professional help

This is a study of the personality resources that enable certain individuals to cope successfully with traumatic experiences without planned psychotherapeutic intervention. A survey of 40 trauma-surviving respondents reveals some common positive developmental and psychosocial factors. Also, five cases are described who experienced serious trauma, three of them living successful lives and two remaining disabled. The biological predisposition and the specific interaction of ones “nature and nurture” leading toward resolution of traumatic experiences are discussed. Individuals who have survived Posttraumatic Stress Disorder should be studied further within a psychobiological framework.
Quadruply bonded dimolybdenum complexes of PF2S2−. Comparison with complexes of PR2S2p− (R = Et, Me)

Abstract Quadruply bonded dimolybdenum complexes Mo 2 (S 2 PF 2 ) 4 , Mo 2 (S 2 PF 2 ) 2 (O 2 CCF 3 ) 2 , Mo 2 (S 2 PF 2 ) 2 (O 2 CMe) 2 and Mo 2 (S 2 PMe 2 ) 4 have been prepared by the stoichiometric reaction between molybdenum acetate or molybdenum trifluoroacetate and the ligand. The solid complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, 19 F and 31 p nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Trifluoroacetate, PF 2 S 2 − and acetate act as bidentate bridging ligands in all of the complexes. Coordinating solvents such as acetonitrile, pyridine and dimethylsulfoxide rapidly displace PF 2 S 2 − but not the acetate or trifluoroacetate ligands. For Mo 2 (S 2 PMe 2 ) 4 , two species have been observed by 31 P nmr in non-coordinating solvents. The major species is the all-ligand-bridged C 4h isomer; the minor species is the C 2v isomer in which two ligands bridge the Mo 2 core and two ligands chelate to one Mo.