cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Between Populist Anti-intellectualism and Leftist Messianism: An Interview with Bruno Chaouat

In this interview, Bruno Chaouat discusses Donald Trump, anti-Americanism, the tradition of laicite, the preoccupation with safe spaces in American higher education, the impact of French literary theory on the American academy, the reception of Critical Race Theory in France, French intellectual antisemitism, and other topics. He criticizes recent developments in French and American theory while also highlighting some of the promising new developments in French literary scholarship as practiced both in France and the US. Throughout the interview, Chaouat articulates the shortcomings of current ideologies on the Right and Left and the need for independent thinking about contemporary social problems.
Social network correlates of education and employment service use among youth experiencing homelessness: A longitudinal study

Abstract Background Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) face significant obstacles to educational achievement and gainful employment. Drop-in centers offer support services to facilitate these opportunities, but there remains a need to understand which youth are most likely to use them. The present study used a diffusion of innovations framework to examine social network correlates of service use over a three-month period. Positive staff relationships, personal network exposure, and structural network measures were examined. Methods Participants were 253 YEH (Mage = 21.9, SD = 2.2) participating in an HIV-prevention trial at three drop-in centers in Los Angeles. Surveys were completed at baseline (wave 1), 1-month (wave 2) and 3-months (wave 3) post-baseline. Individual characteristics and sociometric network ties to other youth were assessed. Cross-sectional and lagged logistic regression models were used to identify significant network correlates of service use. Results A significant minority of YEH used education (23.6%) or employment (33.7%) services at wave 1, with modest increases at waves 2 and 3. Indegree centrality was associated with education service use at wave 1 (OR = 1.30, 95% CI[1.04, 1.64]). Positive staff relationships were associated with employment service use at wave 1 (OR = 2.05, 95% CI[1.06, 2.99]), and outdegree was associated with employment service use at wave 3 (OR = 1.69, 95% CI[1.13, 2.55]). In addition, education level, housing situation, LGBTQ+ identity, drop-in center location, and duration of drop-in center use were related to service usage. Conclusions Youth who occupy more central network positions and/or report positive relationships with staff are more likely to use higher-level drop-in services. Network approaches to engaging youth in services should be considered along with other individual and contextual factors.
Structural and chemical characterization of hop bine fibers and their applications in the paper industry

Abstract The growth in the Humulus lupulus L. or hops industry, a perennial species, driven by demand from brewers has had annual revenue growth of 11.3% since 2015 making it one of the fastest growing agricultural commodities in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). There is currently 85,000 MT per year of hop bine in the PNW available for paper making. The land dedicated to hop agriculture increased by 68% from 2010 to 2019 in the Yakima Valley. The plant Humulus lupulus L. belongs to the same family as Cannabis sativa L., industrial hemp, which has seen practical use in both the paper industry and in the biobased development. The bulk density of the hop bine is low, 0.296 g/cm3 and only 1.5 metric tons of bine is produced per acre each year. However, as crops allocated to production of renewable resources compete for land previously dedicated to food crops, the residual biomass from hop cultivation offers an inexpensive alternative source of renewable lignocellulosic biomass without cannibalizing a food crop. H. lupulus was characterized to evaluate the acceptability for use as a paper making fiber and for hydrolytic conversion to biobased products. The high carbohydrate content, 58%, is similar to other lignocellulosic materials suitable for bioenergy feedstocks. The fiber has morphological characteristics similar to hardwood with length and width centered around 0.85 mm and 16.5 µm, respectively. The tensile strength of the hop-made papers was 61% greater than the industrial hemp made papers at the same refining level. This fiber presents a sustainable multi-use commodity with excellent application in biobased products and paper making which would otherwise be lost.
Distinctiveness and Inclusiveness: Incompatibility or Creative Tension?

In bringing into a sharper focus the two polarities sketched out in Chapter One, I shall concentrate on Catholic schooling in the public sector. This means that I omit treatment of those contexts other than schooling which also provide opportunities for educating Catholics in their faith. Among these might be included sermons, liturgy, missions, catechesis, sodalities, sacramental participation, religious literature, pilgrimages, scripture study and other forms of adult and higher education. The crucial roles of the family and the parish in Catholic education are not addressed. I concentrate my attention on ‘ordered learning’ in formal educational settings, rather than the Catholic community’s total range of processes for education and formation in faith, without assuming that my area of focus is either the most important or the most effective element within those processes. Such ordered learning is central to, but smaller in scope than, the faith community’s total formative process.
Structure-Function of the Platelet Cytoskeleton

Platelet activation results in a rapid series of reproducible morphological events that transform the nonsticky, discoid circulating platelet into a sticky, spikey glue. This morphological transformation depends on actin and is a common feature of all cell-based clotting systems across evolution. An exciting recent discovery is the identification of the protein complex that mediates the actin polymerization underlying this event, Arp2/3 (1). This chapter presents the background for this discovery by first reviewing the morphology of resting and activated platelets. Then examples of other proteins involved in stabilizing and reorganizing the platelet actin cytoskeleton are described, and the findings that place Arp2/3 at the center of these events are presented. Finally, a model integrating the various activities of these proteins with the morphological changes of activation is proposed. The chapter focuses on the actin cytoskeleton, although platelets also have microtubules 2 and a vimentin-like intermediate filament protein 3.
A survey of the use of cellular automata and cellular automata-like models for simulating a population of biological cells

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi CHAPTER 1. A survey of mathematical modeling in biology . . . . . . . . . 1 1.
From Service To Solidarity: Evaluation And Recommendations For International Service Learning

For service learning pedagogy to live up to its full potential, educators must address the pitfalls of privilege that often go unexamined in relationships between groups of affluent university students and the underprivileged populations that service learning programs traditionally seek to "serve." In order to address the dynamics of power and privilege inherent between those who "give service" and those who are "served," a relationship of honesty, reciprocity, and mutuality must be established and promoted between those two groups. This study is an effort to further establish such a relationship by fully involving Salvadoran partners in the evaluation of a service learning program in El Salvador. The evaluation was conducted in order to learn more from the program's international partners and to include their voices in the further development of the program. As a result of interview responses from Salvadoran stakeholders, this paper seeks to further investigate the distinction between the ideas of service and solidarity and the ways in which solidarity can contribute to larger social change.
Resistless patterning of aluminum

A technique for patterning and depositing aluminum using laser-assisted selective chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is presented. This is accomplished using a light-assisted process that activates an adsorbed metallorganic precursor for aluminum, dimethyl-aluminum hydride (DMAlH), onto the substrate surface, thus forming a seed layer for subsequent selective CVD. In the same processing chamber, once the patterning is delineated via this seed layer, the substrate temperature is raised to 110-180 degrees C, and selective CVD of aluminum takes place. A report is presented on the issues of selectivity, growth rates, morphology, electrical properties, and elemental composition of aluminum grown in this manner. Electrical resistivity, for example, can be as low as twice that of bulk aluminum. Furthermore, in order to make such a process compatible with multilevel metallization schemes, contact resistivity of such a film to preexisting aluminum metallization (with a native aluminum oxide) was measured and found to be approximately 0.2 mu Omega -cm/sup 2/ without any special pre- or post-treatment. Previous attempts at such a deposition and patterning scheme were less than successful at obtaining reliably low contact resistivities. >
Parental analysis of introgressive hybridization between African and European honeybees using nuclear DNA RFLPs.

African honeybees, introduced into Brazil 33 years ago, have spread through most of South and Central America and have largely replaced the extant European bees. Due to a paucity of genetic markers, genetic interactions between European and African bees are not well understood. Three restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), detected with random, nuclear DNA probes, are described. The polymorphisms are specific to bees of European descent, possibly specific to certain European races. Each European marker was found present at a high frequency in U.S. colonies but absent in South African bees. Previous mitochondrial DNA studies of neotropical bees have revealed negligible maternal gene flow from managed European apiaries into feral African populations. The findings reported here with nuclear DNA show paternal gene flow between the two but suggest asymmetries in levels of introgressive hybridization. Managed colonies in southern Mexico, derived from European maternal lines, showed diminished levels of the European nuclear markers, reflecting significant hybridization with African drones. The European alleles were present only at low frequencies in feral swarms from the same area. The swarms were of African maternal descent. In Venezuelan colonies, also derived from African maternal lines, the European markers were almost totally absent. The results point to limited paternal introgression from European colonies into the African honeybee populations. These findings dispute other views regarding modes of Africanization.
New insights into the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the function of CD11c+ cells during respiratory viral infection

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has garnered considerable attention as a modulator of CD4+ cell lineage development and function. It also regulates antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses, but via indirect mechanisms that have yet to be determined. Here, we show that during acute influenza virus infection, AHR activation skews dendritic-cell (DC) subsets in the lung-draining lymph nodes, such that there are fewer conventional CD103+ DCs and CD11b+ DCs. Sorting DC subsets reveals AHR activation reduces immunostimulatory function of CD103+ DCs in the mediastinal lymph nodes, and decreases their frequency in the lung. DNA-binding domain Ahr mutants demonstrate that alterations in DC subsets require the ligand-activated AHR to contain its inherent DNA-binding domain. To evaluate the intrinsic role of AHR in DCs, conditional knockouts were created using Cre-LoxP technology, which revealed that AHR in CD11c+ cells plays a key role in controlling the acquisition of effector CD8+ T cells in the infected lung. However, AHR within other leukocyte lineages contributes to diminished naive CD8+ T-cell activation in the draining lymphoid nodes. These findings indicate DCs are among the direct targets of AHR ligands in vivo, and AHR signaling modifies host responses to a common respiratory pathogen by affecting the complex interplay of multiple cell types.
The fluosol-perfused isolated canine pancreas: a model for the study of blood component effects in acute pancreatitis.

Abstract Blood components have been implicated as factors which modulate organ injury in acute pancreatitis. To isolate these effects we compared a standardized isolated, blood-perfused, canine pancreas model as described by Herman-Taylor and modified by Cameron with a model using fluosol, a fluorocarbon, as the perfusate. Pancreatitis was induced using partial pancreatic duct obstruction with secretin induced hypersecretion. Twenty-four dogs were randomized into four groups; (1) blood-perfused control (BPC), (2) fluosol-perfused control (FPC), (3) blood-perfused injury (BPI), (4) fluosol-perfused injury (FPI). All glands were observed for 4 h for mean arterial pressure (MAP), weight gain, gross appearance, and venous amylase. Stability was monitored with blood gases and glucose. Specimens were taken at 4 h for light and electron microscopy. Results: BPI preps had a significantly higher vascular resistance at 3 and 4 h compared to FPI preps (3.85 vs 3.26 PRU and 4.8 vs 3.9 PRU, respectively) (P
Specific β1 integrins mediate adhesion, migration, and differentiation of neural progenitors derived from the embryonic striatum

Abstract Early inductive signals within the embryonic mammalian forebrain establish two major germinal regions along the dorsal–ventral axis. The dorsal germinal zone eventually forms the cerebral cortex while the ventral ganglionic eminence primarily forms the striatum and globus pallidus. The mechanisms leading to patterning of specific forebrain structures from these distinct germinal regions are not fully understood but may involve the adhesive and migratory properties of regionally specified cells and their interactions with the extracellular environments in which they reside. In the present study, we isolated ganglionic eminence neural progenitor cells (geNPC), precursors of the adult striatum, from the ventral forebrain germinal zone and analyzed adhesion, migration, and differentiation of geNPC on various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates in vitro. Specifically, we evaluated the role of β1 integrins, a family of cell surface receptors important in neural development, in mediating geNPC behavior on ECM molecules expressed in embryonic brain tissue. Adhesion and migration of geNPC were significantly enhanced on laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN) relative to other ECM substrates. Antibody perturbation experiments revealed that although geNPC express several β1 integrins (α1β1, α2β1, α3β1, α5β1, α6β1, αvβ1), adhesion and migration on LN and FN were primarily mediated by α6β1 and α5β1, respectively, and these interactions were confirmed by biochemical cross-link/extraction procedures. Finally, neuronal differentiation of geNPC was enhanced on LN, indicating a role for LN in geNPC differentiation. β1 integrin–ECM interactions may contribute to basic mechanisms of striatal development and may explain the potent migratory capacity of geNPC transplanted into the adult brain.
Pharmacists and HIV/AIDS prevention: Review of the literature

Abstract Objectives To provide a summary of the available literature on pharmacists' participation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention efforts, excluding needle exchange programs or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) education, and to offer strategies based on the literature to expand pharmacists' roles in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. Data sources Data were collected from published reports indexed from database inception through December 2008 and identified through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Prevention Research Synthesis database, Ovid, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Search terms used were pharmacist or pharmacy and HIV and/or prevention or counseling or testing or screening . Study selection Only English language reports were included; studies that focused on needle/syringe exchange programs and HAART therapy education and adherence counseling were excluded. Data synthesis 13 reports were identified. The majority of articles were from international sources, and all focused on pharmacists and pharmacies as HIV/AIDS information resources. Conclusion Findings from the available literature showed that most pharmacists served in treatment and prevention information resource roles but were interested in expanding their roles into other prevention efforts, including HIV testing with additional training. Pharmacists described in the reports expressed a need for specific training regarding HIV/AIDS knowledge and transmission.
Building the physical sciences information infrastructure, a phased approach

In 2000, a vision of a Physical Sciences Information Infrastructure - an integrated network for the physical sciences - was captured and endorsed. Work continues in 2001 as partnerships are formed and strategies are formulated to move the vision forward.
Partial purification of glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver using DNA-cellulose.

DNA-cellulose chromatography was used to purify the glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver. The heat-activated [3H]-dexamethasone-receptor complex bound to DNA-cellulose in the presence of 0.1 M NaCl and could be eluted with 0.45 M NaCl. [3H]-Dexamethasone-receptor complex that had not been heat-activated did not bind to DNA-cellulose. Using a single column of DNA-cellulose the receptor could be purified 40-fold. The partially purified [3H]-dexamethasone-receptor complex was able to bind to isolated liver nuclei.
Good News‐Bad News: Affective and Interpersonal Effects1

News broadcasts conveying “good news” or “bad news” were played to subjects who subsequently made evaluative responses of anonymous others. The news broadcasts were shown to differentially elicit positive and negative affective responses and to affect subjects' evaluations of others. Additionally, reported affect was shown to be positively related to those interpersonal evaluations.
Karl Marx and Say's Law

I. Introduction, 611. — II. The four meanings of Say's Law, 614. — III. Marx on Say's Law as the circular flow, 616. — IV. The equality of aggregate demand and supply and the "money veil"; Marx's answer to Say's Law, 618. — V. Marx's view of partial overproduction and the general glut, 623. — VI. Accumulation of capital and economic development; Marx's alternative to Say's Law and the classical system, 625.
On splitting topological R4-bundles

Abstract Let ξ 4 denote any topological R 4 -bundle over a connected Poincare complex X of formal dimension ⩽4. Let α be any bundle of lines or planes based on X . We determine necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of characteristic classes of ξ 4 and α, whenever possible, for ξ to split off a subbundle isomorphic to α. That is, the existence of a Whitney sum decomposition, ξ 4 ≈α⊤β where both α and β have positive fiber dimension, is stablished in terms of characteristic classes. In particular, our results extend the work of Hirzebruch and Hopf [3] on oriented vector bundles of dimension 4 to arbitrary R 4 -bundles.
Reimagining the Romantic Imagination

Imagination, a defining concept for the field of British Romantic studies before falling into critical disrepute, has recently become the subject of important revisionary work by Romanticists and of unprecedented interest among researchers in the sciences of mind and brain. These parallel developments have given rise to new physiological, materialist, and cognitive understandings of imagination that significantly qualify – without displacing – earlier views of imagination that dwell (approvingly or otherwise) on its associations with the ideal and transcendent. This essay provides an overview of changing perspectives on imagination and goes on to offer one example of how Romantic theories and representations of imagination may be newly understood, taking Mary Wollstonecraft's complex treatment of imagination in Maria as its main example.
Volume regulation by Necturus gallbladder: basolateral KCl exit.

Swelling of the epithelial cells ofNecturus gallbladder caused by an 18% reduction in the osmolality of the mucosal bath is followed by rapid volume readjustment. This volume regulatory decrease requires Cl and is sensitive to the K and Cl gradients across the basolateral cell membrane. Volume regulatory decrease is not inhibited by amiloride, SITS, ouabain or bicarbonate removal. The process is blocked by bumetanide in the serosal bath. Measurement of the intracellular activities of K and Cl and the rate of volume regulation under five different experimental conditions showed that KCl exited from the cell across the basolateral membrane with a stoichiometry of 3 K to 2 Cl. This KCl exit process appears to be transiently activated following the reduction in osmolality of the mucosal perfusate.
Development of novel separation techniques for biological samples in capillary electrophoresis

This dissertation includes three different topics: general introduction of capillary electrophoresis (CE); gradient in CE and CE in biological separations; and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) for DNA separation. Factors such as temperature, viscosity, pH, and the surface of capillary walls affecting the separation performance are demonstrated. A pH gradient between 3.0 and 5.2 is useful to improve the resolution among eight different organic acids. A flow gradient due to the change in the concentration of surfactant, which is able to coat to the capillary wall to change the flow rate and its direction, is also shown as a good way to improve the resolution for organic compounds. A temperature gradient caused by joule heat is shown by voltage programming to enhance the resolution and shorten the separation time for several phenolic compounds. The author also shows that self-regulating dynamic control of electroosmotic flow in CE by simply running separation in different concentrations of surfactant has less matrix effect on the separation performance. One of the most important demonstrations in this dissertation is that the author proposes on-column reaction which gives several advantages including the use of a small amount of sample, low risk of contamination, and time saving and kineticmore » features. The author uses this idea with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) as a detection mode to detect an on-column digestion of sub-ng of protein. This technique also is applied to single cell analysis in the group.« less
A note on deposit rate deregulation, Super NOWs, and bank security returns

Abstract This paper empirically investigates the effects on the weekly returns of almost 100 banking organizations of the December 1982 authorization of Super NOWs. Examination of excess returns around the announcement date suggests that the announcement of the Super NOWs had a statistically significant (and negative) effect and that the impact differed significantly by type of bank. While returns for money center banks were generally unaffected, excess returns for regional retail banks were highly significant.
Ethanol from Sorghum

Ceres Sementes do Brasil, Ltda is an affiliate of Ceres, Inc, founded in 1996 with headquarters in Thousand Oaks, California, USA, focused on development and marketing of non-food grasses for advanced biofuels and biopower with the aim of providing new opportunities for growers and a cleaner environment for us all. In 2009, Ceres Inc. founded its first Brazilian affiliate in Sao Paulo and initiated research in Brazil aiming to prepare the Brazilian market form commercialization of sweet sorghum and high biomass sorghum hybrids developed for production of biofuel and bioenergy. Ceres works directly with leading mills and suppliers of biofuel technologies to facilitate the introduction of sweet sorghum into existing operations and infrastructure and also carry out tests with leader institutions and innovative producers. Ceres current products are commercialized under the brand Blade® and plans to introduce a number of high-yielding sorghum hybrids with high biomass and high sugar content to complement or expand feedstock supplies in sugarcane-growing regions. In addition to a conventional breeding program, Ceres is developing genetically modified seeds, improved for productivity and agronomic characteristics. We hold a wide collection of plant genes that we plan to introduce in our sorghum breeding program in Brazil. The presentation will cover some considerations about the opportunities for sweet sorghum as a complementary alternative to sugarcane for production of ethanol, electric energy and, in the future, sugar production. It will also discuss some perspectives related to high biomass sorghum as a current alternative to complement biomass production before the sugarcane crop and potential markets in pellet production, heat/vapor and second generation ethanol. The challenges to the adoption of these alternative crops and to the development of new conventional as well as genetically modified hybrids will be addressed.
Combination chemotherapy with bleomycin and methotrexate in recurrent and disseminated cervical carcinoma: A preliminary study

Abstract The toxicity and effectiveness of a combination of bleomycin and methotrexate was studied in eight patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Three patients had disappearance of measurable disease, two had measurable decrease in volume of tumor, and one had symptomatic improvement without measurable change in lesions. Major toxicity included stomatitis, diarrhea, and hyperpigmentation. Case reports of complete responders are presented.
Attitude‐behavior relationships in communication research

(1976). Attitude‐behavior relationships in communication research. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 267-278.
Interaction between facilitated diffusion of glucose across the plasma membrane and its metabolism in Trichomonas vaginalis

The parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis transport glucose across the plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion. The Km of the transporter for glucose was 1.6 mM. The uptake of labelled glucose in a minimal medium not allowing growth reached saturation only after 2.5 h, indicating the turnover of storage carbohydrate. Organisms grown on glucose showed higher activities both of the transporter and of the subsequent metabolic pathway than organisms grown on maltose. At low external glucose concentrations the transport step was rate limiting, at higher levels a subsequent enzymatic step. The uptake mechanism for glucose of T. vaginalis resembled that of parasitic kinetoplastid protist and Entamoeba histolytica.
Keeping up with the Joneses: Neighborhood effects in housing renovation

Abstract Despite widespread recognition that housing renovation is influenced by “neighborhood effects”, virtually all empirical studies have failed to identify a positive feedback effect between renovation activity and neighborhood quality. By explicitly modeling the spatial interdependence of households' renovation decisions and analyzing a detailed block-level data set, this study finds strong empirical evidence that endogenous neighborhood effects exist as expected. Moreover, by considering four different parameterizations of a “neighborhood set” and comparing the results of these spatial econometric models with a standard OLS estimation, this paper provides insight into some common methodological issues encountered when modeling neighborhood effects.
Effects of competitive and non-competitiveN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists in squirrel monkeys trained to discriminated-CPPene (SDZ EAA 494) from vehicle

Drug discrimination studies have proven useful for comparing and contrasting the behavioral effects of site-selectiveN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. This study examined the effects of competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists in squirrel monkeys trained to discriminate 1 mg/kgd-CPPene [d-3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid; SDZ EAA 494] from vehicle in a two-lever drug discrimination procedure. Results show thatd-CPPene and several other competitive NMDA antagonists (NPC 17742, CGS 19755, and CGP 37849) completely substituted ford-CPPene in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine produced only partial substitution at doses that severely suppressed response rates. These results are consistent with results of earlier studies with rats and monkeys showing differences in the discriminative stimulus effects of competitive and PCP-like non-competitive NMDA antagonists. The data support the predictions (1) thatd-CPPene and the other competitive NMDA antagonists tested would have similar subjective effects in humans and (2) that some differences would be found in the subjective effects of competitive NMDA antagonists and PCP-like non-competitive antagonists.
Iron Nutrition of Nicotiana Tabacum L. in Relation to Riboflavin, Riboflavin-5-phosphate, and Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Content

Under normal conditions of growth, riboflavin is synthesized by all higher plants and is utilized as a prosthetic group by various flavoprotein enzymes (12). Pound and Welkie (11) observed the presence of a yellow pigment in the nutrient solution of tobacco plants grown in the absence of iron. Physical and chemical tests indicated that the pigment was riboflavin, and it was suggested that the deficiency of iron interferes with the utilization of the riboflavin as a prosthetic group of flavoprotein enzymes, which results in the accumulation of riboflavin in the plant and excretion by the roots. Increased synthesis of riboflavin by yeast (Candida quilliermondia) grown under conditions of low iron nutrition has been reported by Tanner et al (16) and Burkholder (2). This research was initiated to investigate further the relation of iron nutrition and flavin concentration in tobacco plants. The appearance and disappearance of riboflavin in nutrient solutions was studied in relation to iron concentration in the nutrient solution and the concentration of riboflavin within whole plants, roots, and leaves. Concentrations of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and flavinmonophosphate (FMN) in normal and iron-deficient plant parts were determined. Enzyme assays of a noniron, flavoprotein enzyme, nitrate reductase (10), and a possible iron, flavoprotein enzyme, cytochrome reductase (10), were determined.
Path-independent integrals in finite elasticity and inelasticity, with body forces, inertia, and arbitrary crack-face conditions

Abstract In this paper, certain path-independent integrals, of relevance in the presence of cracks, in elastic and inelastic solids are considered. The hypothesized material constitutive properties include: 1. (i) finite and infinitesimal elasticity 2. (ii) rate-independent incremental flow theory of elasto-plasticity 3. (iii) rate-sensitive behaviour including elasto-viscoplasticity and creep. In each case, finite deformations are considered, along with the effects of body forces, material acceleration, and arbitrary traction/displacement conditions on the crack-face. Also the physical interpretations of each of the integrals either in terms of crack-tip energy release rates or simply energy-rate differences in two comparison cracked-bodies are explored. Several differences between the results in the present work and those currently considered well established in literature are pointed out and discussed.
An analysis of collaborative patterns in large-scale ontology development projects

Today, distributed teams collaboratively create and maintain more and more ontologies. To support this type of ontology development, software engineers are introducing a new generation of tools. However, we know relatively little about how existing large-scale collaborative ontology development works and what user workflows the tools must support. In this paper, we analyze our experience in supporting several such projects. We describe a visual and interactive project-management tool that we have developed, which helps ontology developers explore historical ontology change and discussion data. We present the results of qualitative and quantitative studies of the collaborative activity associated with three large-scale ontology-development projects. Based on the analysis, we conclude that domain and ontology experts have different patterns of ontology editing behavior, which has important implications for ontology-development tools.
Effects of Community Structure on the Seagrass Thalassia testudinum

The influence of community structure on the seagrass Thalassia testudinum was studied in 3 distinct communities low and high density monocultures, and patches intermixed with Halodule wrightii, in Cockroach Bay, Tampa, Florida. T. testudinum shoot-specific leaf mass and growth were significantly higher in low density monocultures, and both variables were negatively correlated with short-shoot density, Intraspecific, competition-density effects in high-density seagrass beds may be responsible for the relatively lower shoot-specific leaf mass and growth rates, possibly due to the reduction of available light from dense leaf canopies. These observations are supported by significantly higher T. testudinum leat C:N and δ 13 C in low density monocultures, which suggests that high rates of growth are coupled with high C and N demands and reduced discrimination of C. Lower T testudinum shoot-specific leaf mass and growth in mixed species patches may be partially explained by interspecific competition with H. wrightii, however, the exact mechanisms by which these species interact were not discovered. Differences among communities in sediment NH 4 + and PO 4 3- , and T. testudinum leaf C:N:P and δ 15 N suggest that community structure in seagrass meadows plays an important role in sediment nutrient dynamics and, potentially, nutrient availability. However, low leaf C:N and C:P ratios suggest that nutrients are not limiting in this system. This study shows that intraspecific competition, and to a lesser degree, interspecific interactions with H. wrightii, are important determinants of T testudinum productivity and potentially, seagrass community structure in Cockroach Bay.
Teaching Psychodynamic Technique During an Observed Analytic Psychotherapy Interview

Psychodynamic techniques of confrontation, clarification, and interpretation were taught to psychiatry residents during "live" analytic psychotherapy interviews. First, during a therapeutic interview with a resident's patient in a seminar group setting, the interviewer (author) periodically stopped to discuss formulations and technique. Later, the author conducted the interviews until dynamic intervention seemed indicated; at those points, the author stopped, discussed the defenses and affects causing pathology, and then asked a resident to make the psychodynamic intervention with the patient. This teaching technique was rated by the residents as extremely helpful in integrating psychoanalytic theory with clinical interventions.
Comminution characteristics of Korean anthracite in a CFB reactor

Comminution characteristic of Korean anthracite has been determined with operation conditions in a laboratory scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor. The fragmentation of the anthracite occurs explosively, and generates lots of fine particles at an early stage of devolatilization. The fragmented particles continue to be reduced with generation of the fine particles during an attrition stage in the CFB combustor. With an increase of operation temperature, the coal shows a high degree of fragmentation and generation of fine particles in the CFB reactor. The particle fragmentation occurs actively as its size and Hard Grove Index (HGI) increase. The attrition is also affected with particle size and HGI of the coal. The initial surface crack and the fine clusters on the particle surface are found to be reasons for explosive fragmentation and for generation of fine particles during devolatilization and combustion in the CFB reactor.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Older Adults: Background, Evidence, and Overview of Treatment Protocol

Obtaining adequate sleep is a major factor contributing to mental and physical well-being. Sleep need and function does not change across the adult lifespan, but obtaining adequate sleep becomes more difficult with advancing age due to gradual changes in circadian functioning and sleep structure. Moreover, small deficits in sleep often develop into chronic insomnia as a result of cognitive and behavioral responses to these normative age-related changes. Fortunately, these intensifying and perpetuating factors can be reversed with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). The evidence now indicates that CBT-I is equally effective in the short term and more effective in the long term relative to pharmacotherapy. It has fewer side effects and, therefore, should be the first line of treatment for all individuals with insomnia, regardless of age or comorbid conditions. Unfortunately, few clinicians are informed about how effective CBT-I is and how it differs from standard sleep hygiene recommendations...
Health care: private and/or public provision

Abstract This paper studies the interaction of private and public health care providers. I present a model, which acknowledges that consumers differ in their income levels. Health care is provided by a public firm maximizing social welfare and/or private providers maximizing profits. The decision process of firms consists of three stages: entry choice, selection of health care quality and quantity produced. With mixed provision, in equilibrium, the private provider serves the high quality demand, and the public supplier serves the low quality demand. Mixed provision results in a welfare improvement compared to the strictly private regime, and is less costly than a purely public regime.
Correlation between tyrosine hydroxylase activity and catecholamine concentration or turnover in brain regions.

— Tyrosine hydroxylase activity correlated significantly with norepinephrine concentration and turnover, when results from regions containing predominantly noradrenergic terminals were compared, and with dopamine concentration and turnover when results from regions containing predominantly dopaminergic terminals were compared. Regions containing dopamine or norepinephrine cell bodies were characterized by higher tyrosine hydroxylase activities as compared to regions containing mostly nerve terminals. Higher levels of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and transmitter turnover were observed in regions containing dopaminergic terminals than in regions containing norepinephrine terminals. These findings are consistent with the view that tyrosine hydroxylase activity is linked to rates of catecholamine utilization by neurons in the CNS.
An Ethics Committee in a Reproductive Health Clinic for Mentally Handicapped Persons

treated aggressively. They are also being aided by the many advances of special education and early intervention programs. Finally, serious efforts are being made to enhance socialization and community interaction with mentally handicapped people. These trends bring an imposing list of social issues, of which reproductive health and sexuality concerns are major ones. The University of Tennessee College of Medicine has established an ethics committee to assist health care
The association hierarchy as an indicator of extraexperimental interference

Summary Continuous adjective associations with their latencies were collected to 80 nouns for 26 Ss. Each S's associations to a particular noun were considered to be his individual hierarchy of associations to that noun. From his own association hierarchies, two matched lists of noun-adjective paired associates were prepared for each S: one in which the adjectives were preceded by many stronger associates (high extraexperimental interference), and one in which the adjectives were preceded by fewer stronger associates (low extraexperimental interference). Paired associates subject to low extraexperimental interference were easier to learn and retain. Most of the words given as intrusions could be traced back to pre-experimental association hierarchies.
Towards using organizational measurements to assess corporate performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the need for alternative measures of financial performance that can provide a real time indication of what is actually happening in organizations.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes the framework, the empirical research that has been conducted to assess its validity, and the measurement tools that have been developed.Findings – The proposed model identifies the “key drivers” of organizational and financial success. However, if there is a lack of a sufficient fit between the level of “strategic development of an enterprise” and its) then there is disequilibrium. There are identifiable symptoms of this equilibrium or disequilibrium called “growing pains,” which can be measured by an instrument developed called “The Survey of Growing Pains.”Practical implications – The proposed measures assess operational risk, which can be used under “Sarbanes‐Oxley.” The framework and measurement tools have been used by differing companies in strategic plannin...
Prescription and non-prescription analgesic use among the US adult population: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).

Purpose To estimate prescription and non-prescription analgesic use in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods Data collected during the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994), for persons 17 years and older were analyzed (n = 20 050). During the household interview, respondents reported use, in the last month, of prescription and non-prescription analgesics. Results An estimated 147 million adults reported monthly analgesic use, Prescription analgesic use was 9% while non-prescription use was 76%. Females were more likely than males to use prescription (11 vs. 7%, p < 0.001) and non-prescription (81 vs. 71%, p < 0.001) analgesics. Across race–ethnicity groups, males (∼8%) and females (11–13%) had similar age-adjusted prescription analgesic use. Non-prescription analgesic use was higher among non-Hispanic whites than non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican–Americans for males (76 vs. 53% (p < 0.001) and 59% (p < 0.001), respectively) and females (85 vs. 68% (p < 0.001) and 71% (p < 0.001), respectively). With increasing age, prescription analgesic use increased whereas non-prescription use decreased. Approximately 30% of adults used multiple analgesics during a 1-month period. This was more common among females (35%) than males (25%, p < 0.001) and among younger (17–44 years, 33%) rather than older age groups (45+ years, 26%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Analgesic use among US adults is extremely high, specifically of non-prescription analgesics. Given this, health care providers and consumers should be aware of potential adverse effects and monitor use closely. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Networking to Develop a Professional Identity: A Look at the First-Semester Experience of Doctoral Students in Business.

Bringing together mentoring, social networks, and professional identity theories, this chapter explores how messages received from network partners influenced the professional identity development of business doctoral students in their first semester of study.
Proposal for patient obligations for access to unapproved medical interventions: both too much and not enough.

Whether patients who have no other therapeutic options should have access to drugs and treatments that have not yet received regulatory approval is an issue that has elicited considerable controver...
A decision support system for selecting the optimal contracting strategy in highway work zone projects

Abstract Highway work zone projects are challenging for state highway agencies and contractors as they are often located in urban areas and impact local traffic, business community, and neighborhood leading to a multi-party involvement. There is a dynamic relationship between the involved parties and the performance of any highway work zone project is governed by this dynamic relationship. This paper presents a decision support system to assist state Departments of Transportation in selecting suitable contracting strategies for highway work zone projects by considering, at a macro level, the interrelationships between the stakeholders as well as the critical factors impacting the project. The proposed methodology supplements the current project decision-making process with regard to important project performance variables such as cost, schedule, quality, safety, and public satisfaction.
Comparative properties of bovine heart and liver rhodaneses and the regulatory role of the rhodaneses in energy metabolism

In previous studies on the rhodanese activity of bovine liver mitochondria, we have shown that in addition to activity observed in the soluble protein fraction, there is rhodanese activity that is bound to the mitochondrial membrane. The latter activity accounts for as much as 40% of the total and, in situ, is associated in a multiprotein complex that forms iron-sulfur centers. In the present studies, we have investigated the rhodanese activity of bovine heart muscle. We have found that the major part of this enzyme activity is localized in the mitochondria and, further, that at least 25% of the total rhodanese activity of heart mitochondria is membrane-bound. As in liver tissue, the heart activity at least in part is associated in a multiprotein complex that forms iron-sulfur centers. Upon purification of the heart rhodanese in the soluble protein fraction, there is a 10- to 30-fold decrease inKm values for the standard assay substrates thiosulfate and cyanide ions. These observations are consistent with the interpretation that there are activated and deactivated (low activity) forms of the heart enzyme in crude extracts, but only the activated form survives purification. The present results, together with our recent finding that liver mitochondrial rhodanese is subject to phosphorylation, lend support to our proposal that the rhodaneses serve as converter enzymes which regulate the rate of electron transport through sulfuration of respiratory chain components. The rhodaneses, in turn, are controlled by protein kinases and the local ATP concentration.
Ultraviolet absorption spectra of coumarin derivatives.

Abstract The ultraviolet absorption spectra of ethanolic solutions of coumarin and eighteen of its derivatives are reported.
Reliability in room-temperature negative differential resistance characteristics of low-aluminum content AlGaN/GaN double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes

AlGaN/GaN resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), consisting of 20% (10%) aluminum-content in double-barrier (DB) active layer, were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on freestanding polar (c-plane) and nonpolar (m-plane) GaN substrates. RTDs were fabricated into 35-μm-diameter devices for electrical characterization. Lower aluminum content in the DB active layer and minimization of dislocations and polarization fields increased the reliability and reproducibility of room-temperature negative differential resistance (NDR). Polar RTDs showed decaying NDR behavior, whereas nonpolar ones did not significantly. Averaging over 50 measurements, nonpolar RTDs demonstrated a NDR of 67 Ω, a current-peak-to-valley ratio of 1.08, and an average oscillator output power of 0.52 mW.