cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gravitropism in the rhizoids of the alga Chara: a model system for microgravity research.

Gravitropism in plants can be divided into the following stages: perception, transduction, and response (Evans et al., 1986). In higher plants, there is a cellular and spatial separation between the perception of and response to gravity, and a signal must be transmitted over a relatively large distance. However, the rhizoid (a rootlike extension) of the alga Chara is a model system in which all stages of gravitropism can be analyzed in a single cell (Braun and Sievers, 1994; Kiss, 1994; Sievers et al., 1996). The cell biology ofgravitropism is therefore much more readily analyzed in such single-celled systems than in multicellular organisms. Chara rhizoids have a distinctive structural polarity, with a group of 50-60 vesicles near the apex (Fig. 1). The bulk of the cell consists of a large vacuole, and the nucleus is located immediately adjacent to this zone (Kiss and Staehelin, 1993). Like pollen tubes and root hairs, these rhizoids can be characterized as tip growing cells since all extension occurs at the extreme apex (Sievers and Volkmann, 1979). The Chara rhizoid is an ideal single-celled subject for space biology studies because (1) a great deal of background information is available about its structure and gravitropic kinetics; (2) rhizoid formation can easily be induced under controlled conditions; and (3) these cells have already been successfully flown aboard the U.S. Space Shuttle and in sounding rockets (e.g., Volkmann et al., 1991). Gravity perception in plants is hypothesized to be mediated by the interaction between dense organelles (termed statoliths) and other cytoplasmic structures
Identifying spatially similar gene expression patterns in early stage fruit fly embryo images: Binary feature versus invariant moment digital representations

Background Modern developmental biology relies heavily on the analysis of embryonic gene expression patterns. Investigators manually inspect hundreds or thousands of expression patterns to identify those that are spatially similar and to ultimately infer potential gene interactions. However, the rapid accumulation of gene expression pattern data over the last two decades, facilitated by high-throughput techniques, has produced a need for the development of efficient approaches for direct comparison of images, rather than their textual descriptions, to identify spatially similar expression patterns.
OMEN: A strategy for testing object-oriented software

This paper presents a strategy for structural testing of object-oriented software systems with possibly unknown clients and unknown information about invoked methods. By exploiting the combined points-to and escape analysis developed for compiler optimization, our testing paradigm does not require a whole program representation to be in memory simultaneously for testing analysis. Potential effects from outside the component under test are easily identified and reported to the tester. As client and server methods become known, the graph representation of object relationships is easily extended, allowing the computation of test tuples to be performed in a demand-driven manner, without requiring unnecessary computation of test tuples based on predictions of potential clients.
The P2' residue is a key determinant of mesotrypsin specificity: engineering a high-affinity inhibitor with anticancer activity.

PRSS3/mesotrypsin is an atypical isoform of trypsin, the up-regulation of which has been implicated in promoting tumor progression. Mesotrypsin inhibitors could potentially provide valuable research tools and novel therapeutics, but small-molecule trypsin inhibitors have low affinity and little selectivity, whereas protein trypsin inhibitors bind poorly and are rapidly degraded by mesotrypsin. In the present study, we use mutagenesis of a mesotrypsin substrate, APPI (amyloid precursor protein Kunitz protease inhibitor domain), and of a poor mesotrypsin inhibitor, BPTI (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor), to dissect mesotrypsin specificity at the key P'{sub 2} position. We find that bulky and charged residues strongly disfavor binding, whereas acidic residues facilitate catalysis. Crystal structures of mesotrypsin complexes with BPTI variants provide structural insights into mesotrypsin specificity and inhibition. Through optimization of the P{sub 1} and P'{sub 2} residues of BPTI, we generate a stable high-affinity mesotrypsin inhibitor with an equilibrium binding constant K{sub i} of 5.9 nM, a >2000-fold improvement in affinity over native BPTI. Using this engineered inhibitor, we demonstrate the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of mesotrypsin in assays of breast cancer cell malignant growth and pancreatic cancer cell invasion. Although further improvements in inhibitor selectivity will be important before clinical potential can be realized,more » the results of the present study support the feasibility of engineering protein protease inhibitors of mesotrypsin and highlight their therapeutic potential.« less
The p110α Isoform of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Is Essential for Polyomavirus Middle T Antigen-Mediated Transformation

Middle T antigen (MT) of polyomavirus is known to play an important role in virus-mediated cellular transformation. While MT has been extensively examined in spontaneously immortalized rodent fibroblasts, its interactions with cells of other types and species are less well understood. We have undertaken a cross-species and cross-cell-type comparison of MT-induced transformation in cells with genetically defined backgrounds. We tested the transforming abilities of a panel of MT mutants, Y250F, Y315F, and Y322F, that are selectively mutated in the binding sites for the principal effectors of MT—Src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and phospholipase C-γ, respectively—in fibroblasts and epithelial cells of murine or human origin. We found that the Y315F mutation disabled the ability of MT to induce transformation in all cell types and species tested. While Y315F also failed to activate the PI3K pathway in these cells, genetic evidence has indicated Y315 may make other contributions to transformation. To confirm the role of PI3K, the PIK3CA gene, encoding p110α, the prime effector of PI3K signaling downstream from activated growth factor receptors, was genetically ablated. This abolished the transforming activity of MT, demonstrating the essential role for this PI3K isoform in MT-mediated transformation. The Y250F mutant was able to transform the human, but not the murine, cells that were examined. Interestingly, this mutant fully activates the PI3K pathway in human cells but activated PI3K signaling poorly in the murine cells used in the study. This again points to the importance of PI3K activation for transformation and suggests that the mechanism by which MT activates the PI3K pathway differs in different species.
Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

Despite advances in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. It is estimated that 30–50 % of patients who receive stem cell products from HLA-identical siblings will develop grades 2–4 aGVHD while rates of aGVHD associated with matched unrelated donor transplants are estimated to be between 50 and 70 %.
FlyBook: A Preface.

A tradition of open communication and sharing has served Drosophila researchers well for over 100 years. As Thomas Hunt Morgan wrote in 1917: > We make a point of supplying any individual or group of individuals with any material in stock, not only material that has been studied by ourselves but
Ultrasonic Imaging of Micro-Bubbles Based on Time-Frequency Transformations

Time-frequency transformations are used to identify resonant particles from ultrasound scans. Short time Fourier transformations of the time domain signal indicate a potential for both detection as well as localization in the joint domain.
Abstract 1858: Estrogen receptor beta as a tractable therapeutic target

Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate a variety of biological processes and are critically important in the emergence, prevention, and treatment of cancers. Many NRs represent well-validated drug targets as their ligands are used extensively in medicine. However, there still remains an active search for novel agonists and antagonists with enhanced selectivity. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is an attractive target for drug development. It plays different roles in gene expression from ERα, implicated in breast and uterine cancers, and displays overlapping but distinctive tissue distributions from ERα and non-redundant roles. Further, emerging evidence indicates that ERβ plays anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic roles in a variety of cancers. These considerations have led to the suggestion that ERβ is an appealing tractable target for development of selective agonists to treat and prevent colon, breast, prostate, lung, and skin cancer and natural and synthetic estrogens for ERβ are being studied in colon, breast, and lung cancers. However, because of the high sequence similarities between ERα and ERβ, preferentially targeting one subtype can prove challenging. Repositioning of existing approved drugs with known side effect profiles can provide advantages because de novo drug design suffers from high developmental failure rates and undesirable side effects which have dramatically increased costs. Our research strategy is to identify and develop an ERβ agonist lead compound by using a systematic step-wise hit-to-lead campaign. We have identified a series of ERβ-selective lead compounds derived from screening libraries of clinically relevant compounds and have shown that some of these compounds display interesting and desirable selective modulator activities. Citation Format: Carly S. Filgueira, Cindy Benod, Xiaohua Lou, Anders Strom, Jan-Ake Gustafsson, Anders Berkenstam, Paul Webb. Estrogen receptor beta as a tractable therapeutic target. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1858. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1858
Low Frequency Shedding Prompted by Three-Dimensionality under Rotational Augmentation

[Abstract] Shedding frequencies significantly lower than those conventionally associated with bluff body shedding were correlated with rotationally augmented flows on rotating wind turbine blades, for zero yaw operation. To characterize and understand these modified shedding processes, blade surface pressure data previously acquired from the NREL Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment Phase VI wind turbine wind tunnel test were analyzed. Time varying surface pressure data were examined to track movement and shedding of vorticity concentrations adjacent to the blade surface. Vorticity convection trajectories were pronounced and highly repeatable, providing statistically significant and physically meaningful information concerning flow field kinematics. Disparities in Strouhal shedding frequencies were linked to three-dimensionality of mean vorticity trajectories, which was strongly reminiscent of three-dimensionality in other vortex dominated flow fields. This and further research will help clearly understand and accurately predict fatigue loading that can prematurely exhaust wind turbine structure service life.
“And yet your duty is to hope”: The positive psychology of Jean-Paul Sartre

In this article, we consider the potential relevance of the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre to the positive psychology movement. Specifically, we argue that Sartre’s consideration of freedom as the “foundation of all values” can be read as a defense of generosity as the cardinal psychosocial virtue. For Sartre, authentic existence is not simply a quest to realize subjective well-being or to acquire a collection of conventional virtues and character strengths. Rather, authenticity is most appropriately understood as a life (holistically conceived) offering itself as a gift to the Other—a freedom realizing its humanity by nurturing other freedoms. Practical implications of Sartrean thought are considered, with special attention given to “gratitude” as an erstwhile character strength that potentially undermines the quest for freedom.
Dose enhancement during concomitant chemoradiotherapy using FDA approved concentrations of carboplatin and oxaliplatin nanoparticles

Radiation boosting has been shown in a number of studies to be effective in the prevention of cancer recurrence. To further the effectiveness of this technique, we propose a new method of enhancing dose locally by administrating nanoparticles of carboplatin (CaNPs) and oxaliplatin (ONPs) as adjuvants to brachytherapy and external beam therapy (EBRT). To investigate the efficacy of this method, dose enhancement calculations were carried out to calculate the energy deposited by photoelectrons and Auger electrons produced by low energy photons from either EBRT or brachytherapy sources with CaNPs and ONPs. Our results show a significant increase in the dose enhancement for various carboplatin and oxaliplatin concentrations up to their allowed FDA limits.
Abstract A29: YAP interacts with the ERBB signaling pathway to control ovarian surface epithelial cell tumorigenesis.

Introduction: The Hippo signaling pathway controls organ size and inhibits tumorigenesis through a kinase cascade that leads to the phosphorylation of the transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1, more commonly referred to as YAP). Recent studies have shown that YAP may play a role in the progression of ovarian cancer. However, current reports considering the relationships between YAP expression and clinicopathological outcomes in ovarian cancer are inconsistent. Additionally, the role and functional mechanism of YAP on ovarian tumorigenesis and ovarian cancer progression are not fully understood. Aims: The aims of the present study are to examine the role of YAP in the tumorigenesis of ovarian surface epithelial cells, and to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying YAP regulation of OSE malignant transformation. Methods: We used a large cohort of ovarian cancer patient samples, an ovarian tissue-specific YAP-overexpression mouse model, and a series of unique cellular models to address above questions. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis using a large cohort of patient samples indicated that YAP expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. Overexpression of wild-type YAP or constitutively active YAP in immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial cells (HOSE) induced anchorage-independent growth of these cells in a soft agar assay and tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model, suggesting that YAP is sufficient to induce transformation of immortalized human OSEs. To confirm the pathological relevance of our findings, we created an ovarian tissue-specific YAP overexpression mouse model by breeding AMHR2-cre mice to ROSA26-rtTA mice and tetO-YAPS127A mice. The created AMHR2-Cre-rtTA-tetO-YAPS127A mice specifically express YAPS127A (constitutively active YAP) in ovarian tissues once these mice are treated with doxycycline (Dox). We found that AMHR2-induced ovarian tissue specific expression of YAPS127A, which led to drastic neoplasia of ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells in AMHR2-Cre-rtTA-tetO-YAPS127A mice after induction with Dox for 3 weeks. In addition, our mechanistic studies indicated that activation of YAP in human OSE cells induced expression of EGFR, ERBB3, HBEGF, NRG1 and NRG2 both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, the activated ERBB signaling in turn suppressed the Hippo pathway and activated YAP protein. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the existence of a NRGs & HBEGF/ERBBs/YAP/NRGsH Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A29.
Measures of Physical and Mental Independence Among HIV-Positive Individuals: Impact of Substance Use Disorder

Abstract With the transition of HIV infection from an acute to a chronic disease after the introduction of antiretroviral medications, there has been an increased focus on long-term neurocognitive and other functional outcomes of HIV patients. Thus, we assessed factors, particularly history of a substance use disorder, associated with time to loss of measures of physical or mental independence among HIV-positive individuals. Data were obtained from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate the time since HIV diagnosis to loss of independence, and to identify associated risk factors. HIV-positive participants who self-identified as physically (n = 698) or mentally (n = 616) independent on selected activities of daily living at baseline were eligible for analyses. A history of substance use disorder was associated with a higher hazard of loss of both physical and mental independence [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.71, 95% co...
Comparing analytical outliers and the percent of emergency department patients with results above the 99th percentile upper reference limit for 2 conventional and one high sensitivity troponin assay.

Abstract Objectives We compared rates of analytical outliers, and percent of emergency department (ED) patients with cardiac troponin (cTn) values above the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL), for two conventional and one high sensitivity cTn assay. Methods We measured 3008 samples from 1931 ED patients by Roche e411 4th generation Troponin T (cTnT); and Abbott STAT Troponin I (cTnI) and high sensitivity troponin I (hscTnI) on an Architect i2000. Within 24 h of initial measurement, samples were aliquoted, re-centrifuged, and repeated in duplicate by all methods. Outliers were defined as one or both replicates exceeding initial value by a critical difference (CD): where CD = z × 2 × SD analytical (z = 3.29 at a probability of 0.0005), and at least one replicate on a different side of 99th percentile URL compared to initial value. We also assessed percent of ED patients with values > 99th percentile by all methods (excluding outliers), using both sex-neutral and sex-specific hscTnI URL. Results The outlier rate for cTnI (3.66%) was significantly higher than the outlier rate for either cTnT (0.33%) or hscTnI (0.47%) (p 99th percentile hscTnI values. Conclusion Abbott STAT cTnI had more analytic outliers than Roche cTnT or Abbott hscTnI. Compared to cTnT, use of hscTnI will significantly decrease the percent of ED patients with elevated cTn values without increasing analytical outliers.
L-Band Photometry and Spectroscopy of L and T Dwarfs: Exploring Infrared Spectral Typing

The classification of L and T dwarfs requires the identification of easily observed quantities such as colour ratios or strengths of spectral features. Although current classification schemes based on optical spectroscopy for L dwarfs do exist, it is important to classify L and T dwarfs using other wavelengths as well. Observations of L and T dwarfs at infrared wavelengths are sensitive to physical processes controlling the atmospheres and temperatures of brown dwarfs which provide for the possibility of L and T dwarf classification using infrared observations. Here we present the first results of our observing program using the Keck telescope to obtain infrared photometry and spectroscopy of L and T dwarfs.
Standard Formula for the Uniform Shape Component in Landmark Data

In describing how the shapes of landmark configurations vary, an important role is played by the uniform component of shape variation. Geometrically, the uniform component parameterizes shape changes that leave parallel lines parallel throughout the form and so show neither a spatial gradient nor any spatial localization. Algebraically, the shapes produced from a mean form in this way make up a linearized subspace, U, of our multivariate shape space in the vicinity of that mean, so that the particular component that corresponds to a particular specimen or group difference can be computed as a pair of scores (for two-dimensional data) or a quintet of scores (for three-dimensional data) by a Procrustes projection onto U. The versions of this crucial projection that are offered by currently available program packages are inconsistent in several important aspects. This paper suggests a resolution of the contradictions among these approaches. I introduce a nearly exact Procrustes version of this component and show that it is identical to two separate versions previously suggested in the literature and that it represents a more precise estimate for yet another. A somewhat different version of this component is useful for multivariate statistical testing. The computations are demonstrated using the growing rat skull data set familiar from several other canonical demonstrations of the new geometric methods.
On Wold’s approach to representation of preferences

Abstract This paper presents easily verifiable sufficient conditions on sequence spaces that guarantee representation of preference orders. Our approach involves identifying a suitable subset of the set of alternatives, such that (a) the preference order is representable on this subset, and (b) the subset has the property that for each alternative, there is some element in this subset which is indifferent to it. We follow Wold in choosing this subset to be the diagonal. Our first result uses a weak monotonicity condition (on the diagonal), and a substitution condition, and may be identified as the essence of Wold’s contribution. In the second result, we show that one can obtain a Wold-type representation result when weak monotonicity is replaced by a weak continuity condition. We use the countable order-dense characterization of representability in the proofs of both results, thereby integrating the contributions of Wold (1943) and Debreu (1954). Through a series of examples we show that our representation results are robust; they cannot be improved upon by dropping any of our conditions. An example is also presented to show that existence of degenerate indifference classes is compatible with the representation of monotone preferences. Our study thereby indicates that while the presence of substitution possibilities can be useful in representing preferences, they are not necessary for such results to hold.
Their is no they’re: Wittgenstein on pluralistic democracy

How does mutual intelligibility impact the political sphere? This paper uses Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations as a means of examining this connection. I argue that Wittgenstein’s paradig...
The Activity of Lanthana in NaF-AlF3-Al2O3-La2O3 Melts

The concentration cell was assembled by using MgO–stabilized ZrO2 solid electrolyte. The high precise regression equation of lanthana activity (a) was obtained according to results of the electromotive force of cell.The paper also discussed the influence of several factors on the activity of lanthana.
Crime and Justice Framing in an Era of Reform: How the Local Matters

Recent criminal justice reforms highlight the contested nature of crime problems and solutions. We draw on 45 months of participant observation in Philadelphia to examine how interpretive frames of...
Lithium chloride does not inhibit the proliferation of L6 myoblasts by decreasing intracellular free inositol.

We conducted a series of experiments to determine whether lithium chloride (LiCl) in- hibited the proliferation of L6 myoblasts by reducing the availability of intracellular free inositol. After the myoblasts were plated in DMEM + 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h, medium was replaced with DMEM + 10% FBS containing 0 (control), 5, 10, or 20 mM LiCl. Cell number, protein content, and ( 3 H)thymidine incorporation into DNA were deter- mined at 24-h intervals. Control cells exhibited a 3.8-fold increase in cell number by 96 h in culture. Although 5 mM LiCl did not affect the rate or extent of proliferation, 10 and 20 mM LiCl caused 36 and 86% decreases, respectively ( P < .05), in cell number by 96 h in culture. The effects of LiCl could not be overcome by the addition of free inositol (up to 20 mM) to the medium. Lithium chloride caused 4.6- and 7.3-fold increases ( P < .05) in lactate dehydrogenase activity in culture media after 96 h of exposure to 10 and 20 mM LiCl, respectively, indicat- ing loss of viability after chronic treatment. However, the acute effects of LiCl after 24 h of treatment were reversible, as indicated by a rapid resumption of proliferation following removal of LiCl. Concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mM LiCl caused 4.7-, 8.2-, and 9.1-fold increases ( P < .05), respectively, in the accumulation of ( 3 H)inositol within the inositol monophosphate pool. Treatment of cells with 10 and 20 mM LiCl also increased ( P < .05) label recovered as inositol bisphosphate. Rather than depress phos- phoinositide synthesis, the addition of 10 and 20 mM LiCl dose-dependently increased ( P < .05) the incorpo- ration of ( 3 H)inositol into phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. These results indi- cate that LiCl does not decrease proliferation of L6 myoblasts via a depletion in the intracellular free inositol pool. Instead, LiCl may block the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositides.
Thermodynamic limits of adsorption heat pumps: A facile method of comparing adsorption pairs

Abstract Adsorption heat pumps (AHPs) transform a small quantity of input thermal energy into a greater quantity of lower temperature thermal energy. This transformation enables more efficient usage of thermal energy, reducing primary energy consumption and greenhouse emissions. In this paper, the theoretical thermodynamic limits of the AHP cycle are explored by deriving the ideal adsorption isotherm behavior as a function of operating conditions. An idealized AHP using adsorbents with step-like isotherms is evaluated for space heating. The properties of this idealized adsorbent that govern heating performance are identified as the adsorption step-location and the heat of adsorption. In addition, this analysis is extended to AHPs using non-ideal adsorbents with more and less step-like isotherms (MOF 801 and Zeolite 13X). The maximum coefficient of performance is calculated to be 1.6 for MOF 801 with a regeneration temperature of 76 °C and 1.5 for Zeolite 13X with a regeneration temperature of 120 °C. As this illustrates, more step-like adsorbents enable lower regeneration temperatures, which are particularly useful if a low-grade renewable heat source is available (e.g., solar thermal). This study provides a thermodynamic framework for selecting highly efficient adsorbents for AHPs, and enables facile comparisons of the heating performance of AHPs using non-ideal adsorbents.
The Effect of Sexual Harassment Training on Knowledge, Skill, and Attitudes: A Meta-Analysis

Based on our review of the literature, the current study is first meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of sexual harassment training. The effectiveness of SH training was estimated by eval...
Mental health stigma among college students: Test of an interactive online intervention.

Young adults have low rates of help-seeking despite high rates of mental health problems, which relate to stigmatizing attitudes. Education as well as contact with people with mental health problem...
A scuffing model for spur gear contacts

Abstract This study proposes a scuffing model for spur gear contacts. A heat transfer formulation is devised to evaluate gear bulk temperature, with frictional heat flux yielded from thermal mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis. In return, the bulk temperature is fed back into the EHL modeling to determine tribological behavior within contact zone, including flash temperature. After bulk temperature stabilizes, the bulk and flash components are added to arrive the total surface temperature, whose maximum is compared to a scuffing limit for failure determination. Utilizing the model, a set of simulations is performed to demonstrate the influences of surface roughness and rotational speed on scuffing load.
A Lagrangian fluctuation-dissipation relation for scalar turbulence. Part I. Flows with no bounding walls

An exact relation is derived between scalar dissipation due to molecular diffusivity and the randomness of stochastic Lagrangian trajectories for flows without bounding walls. This ‘Lagrangian fluctuation–dissipation relation’ equates the scalar dissipation for either passive or active scalars to the variance of scalar inputs associated with initial scalar values and internal scalar sources, as these are sampled backward in time by the stochastic Lagrangian trajectories. As an important application, we reconsider the phenomenon of ‘Lagrangian spontaneous stochasticity’ or persistent non-determinism of Lagrangian particle trajectories in the limit of vanishing viscosity and diffusivity. Previous work on the Kraichnan (Phys. Fluids, 1968, vol. 11, pp. 945–953) model of turbulent scalar advection has shown that anomalous scalar dissipation is associated in that model with Lagrangian spontaneous stochasticity. There has been controversy, however, regarding the validity of this mechanism for scalars advected by an actual turbulent flow. We here completely resolve this controversy by exploiting the fluctuation–dissipation relation. For either a passive or an active scalar advected by any divergence-free velocity field, including solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation, and away from walls, we prove that anomalous scalar dissipation requires Lagrangian spontaneous stochasticity. For passive scalars, we prove furthermore that spontaneous stochasticity yields anomalous dissipation for suitable initial scalar fields, so that the two phenomena are there completely equivalent. These points are illustrated by numerical results from a database of homogeneous isotropic turbulence, which provide both additional support to the results and physical insight into the representation of diffusive effects by stochastic Lagrangian particle trajectories.
Model-Based Recognition of Multiple Deformable Objects Using a Game-Theoretic Framework

Image analysis systems aimed at robust segmentation via model-based recognition of multiple deformable objects require integration of a variety of modules. One approach to modularity and integration is based on decomposing the task into a set of coupled modules with their corresponding objectives, and then integrating them within a unifying framework. Although both theoretical and computational considerations indicate the importance of adhering to the multiple coexisting nature of the objectives, previous approaches to integration have been limited in this aspect. In (Bozma, 1990), an integration framework which overcomes this problem, is developed based on game-theoretic concepts. The contribution of this paper is to describe a segmentation system aimed at model-based recognition of multiple deformable objects, in which the modules are integrated using the game-theoretic approach. A secondary contribution is that the model used in object recognition, which is defined as a set of independent, yet coupled deformable objects, constitutes an extension of the previous models. Our experiments with several biomedical images using anatomical atlases as the basis for these models demonstrate the power of this system in medical applications.
Teaching the Affordable Care Act (ObamaCare) Case

The ObamaCare case is one of the most important Supreme Court decisions in modern time. Even though it contains detailed constitutional law issues and is nearly 200 pages long, the case can be taught to undergraduates. These slides help tell the story and can be used to teach the case as well as constitutional law issues such as: (1) enumerated powers, (2) preemption, (3) federalism and more.
Enabling rapid development of multimodal data entry applications

Evaluations of mobile multimodal applications are frequently conducted in the laboratory which allows recreating the intended usage context, whilst tightly controlling and monitoring the testing environment and tasks performed. For this type of technology evaluations, in order to speed up the development process for speech-enabled multimodal applications, we developed a multimodal authoring tool. This rapid prototyping tool allows us to quickly produce a proof of concept multimodal data entry application that we can utilize to evaluate the feasibility and usability of using speech in a particular usage context, e.g. on the construction field, for municipal inspections, for gaming applications, etc. Our tool makes the development of a simple multimodal data entry prototype application easy even for a novice user. This paper describes design considerations for the multimodal prototyping tool and elaborates on our experience working with the tool.
ACC oscillator for in-liquid quartz microbalance sensors

An oscillator design is presented that provides accurate tracking of the series resonant frequency of liquid-loaded thickness-shear mode (TSM) quartz microbalance sensors. This is obtained by means of the automatic capacitance compensation (ACC) of the sensor parallel capacitance, without any manual adjustment required The oscillator advantageously outputs three signals respectively related to the sensor series resonant frequency, quality factor, and compensated parallel capacitance. Experimental results are reported that were obtained with 10-MHz crystals double-side immersed into several liquids with different acoustic and dielectric loading levels.
Climate‐driven sea level anomalies modulate coastal groundwater dynamics and discharge

[1] To better understand the physical drivers of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the coastal ocean, we conducted a detailed field and modeling study within an unconfined coastal aquifer system. We monitored the hydraulic gradient across the coastal aquifer and movement of the mixing zone over multiple years. At our study site, sea level dominated over groundwater head as the largest contributor to variability in the hydraulic gradient and therefore SGD. Model results indicate the seawater recirculation component of SGD was enhanced during summer while the terrestrial component dominated during winter due to seasonal changes in sea level driven by a combination of long period solar tides, temperature and winds. In one year, sea level remained elevated year round due to a combination of ENSO and NAO climate modes. Hence, predicted changes in regional climate variability driven sea level may impact future rates of SGD and biogeochemical cycling within coastal aquifers.
Sarcoidosis in Melanoma Patients: Case Report and Literature Review

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the development of noncaseating granulomas in multiple organ systems. Many hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, including melanoma, have been associated with sarcoidosis. We describe the clinical and pathologic findings of a 54-year-old man with melanoma-associated sarcoidosis. In addition, we not only review the literature describing characteristics of other melanoma patients with sarcoidosis, but also the features of melanoma patients with antineoplastic therapy-associated sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis has been described in 80 melanoma patients; sufficient information for analysis was provided in 39 of these individuals. In 43.6% of individuals (17 out of 39), sarcoidosis was directly associated with melanoma; in 56.4% of oncologic patients (22 out of 39), sarcoidosis was induced by antineoplastic therapy that had been administered for the treatment of their metastatic melanoma. The discovery of melanoma preceded the development of sarcoidosis in 12 of the 17 (70.5%) individuals who did not receive systemic treatment. Pulmonary and/or cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis were common among both groups of patients. Most patients did not require treatment for sarcoidosis. Melanoma patients—either following antineoplastic therapy or without systemic treatment—may be at an increased risk to develop sarcoidosis. In antineoplastic therapy naive melanoma patients, a common etiologic factor—such as exposure to ultraviolet light—may play a role in their developing melanoma and sarcoidosis.
Getting Started in Medical Writing

Does being a clinician or holding a faculty appointment make you or me a capable medical writer? No, it doesn’t, any more than being a physician or even an inspiring educator qualifies me to be a good stock picker, business manager, or even vacation planner. It only means that I have medical knowledge and skills, and am trained to care for patients or perhaps have some gift for teaching or research. On the other hand, just because you are a clinician who sees patients daily does not mean that you cannot become a capable, even great, writer. And, yes, even the classroom or bedside teacher can learn to write well. Being that great writer requires knowledge, practice, experience, the capacity to endure rejection, and a strong will to succeed.
A Prospective Randomized Comparison of Three Blood Conservation Strategies for Radical Prostatectomy

BackgroundPreoperative autologous blood donation is a standard of care for elective surgical procedures requiring transfusion. The authors evaluated the efficacy of alternative blood-conservation strategies including preoperative recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy and acute normovolem
Regional land pattern assessment: development of a resource efficiency measurement method

Debate on the sustainability of human settlements has recently been focused primarily on the urban portion of the land use pattern. However, urban areas rely on suburban, rural, and other less densely settled lands for their existence. In order to quantify the impacts of various land patterns on their supporting resources, these exurban lands must be included in any sustainability assessment. This need for a regional view has resulted in a measurement method that enables comparisons of relative sustainability between various regional land use patterns. Existing methods employed to assess urban sustainability are reviewed and compared with the regional characteristic curves method, introduced here, that takes a more holistic regional view. Results from the application of the method are presented, displaying the spatial dimension it brings to the analysis of illustrative primary metrics as well as demonstrating its ability to spatially quantify change in these metrics over time. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Leaders, Leadership, and Flexibility: Influences on Heads of Government as Negotiators and Mediators:

Under what conditions do heads of governments have the flexibility to change their policies, and what is the impact of such flexibility on their behavior in negotiation and mediation processes? Leadership is viewed as an umbrella concept that involves at least four ingredients: the characteristics of the leader; the needs, images, and expectations of those led, the constituents of the leader; the nature of the relationship between the leader and those led; and the context in which the leadership is exercised. This article explores how these four aspects of leadership influence leaders' ability to change and be flexible. It also suggests the relevance of the resulting flexibility for negotiation and mediation.
The SST controversy: A case study of the rhetoric of technology

During the SST controversy old arguments were losing force and new ones were developing. As in other recent technological debates, SST proponents raised charges of environmental catastrophe which were most difficult to disprove, while SST proponents made serious errors in analyzing their audience. We have not yet learned how to conduct effctive public discussion of scientific issues.
Investigation of the cylinder wake under spanwise periodic forcing with a segmented plasma actuator

The wake response to three-dimensional forcing of flow over a circular cylinder was studied. Spanwise-segmented dielectric-barrier discharge plasma actuators were mounted on the cylinder in a square wave pattern for active forcing of the cylinder wake. The buried electrodes were placed periodically to create a spanwise-modulated blowing profile, with the aim of targeting three-dimensional instabilities in the wake. Considerable spanwise variation in the wake was achieved, which was a direct consequence of the difference in the location of shed spanwise vortices from the cylinder, along with the generation of streamwise vorticity. Two distinct power levels were used for forcing the flow, with different flow response observed between the two conditions. With low power, the segmented forcing caused the large-scale spanwise structures in the forcing region to lead those in the no-forcing region, with an accompanying shift away from the centerline and generation of streamwise vorticity. While vortex shedding was not substantially attenuated with low-power forcing, the shedding in the near wake was significantly attenuated with high-power forcing. This attenuation in the shedding strength was accompanied by a decrease in the peak shedding frequency, indicating an increase in the formation length. High-power forcing caused elongation of the Karman vortices due to the induced strain field and strong differential development of the wake shedding frequency. In both forcing regimes, the wake three-dimensionality increased as shown by the increased width of the spectral peaks.
Phosphorylation of tau by proline-directed protein kinase (p34cdc2/p58cyclin A) decreases tau-induced microtubule assembly and antibody SMI33 reactivity

Tau protein was evaluated as a substrate for a proline-directed protein kinase (p34cdc2/p58cyclin A) which recognizes the phosphorylation site motif X-Ser/Thr-Pro-X. The shortest human tau isoform, expressed as a recombinant protein, was phosphorylated to a stoichiometry of 2 mol phosphate/mol tau. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed phosphorylation of both serine and threonine residues. Phosphorylation of recombinant tau resulted in a decreased ability to induce microtubule assembly but had no effect on the final extent of microtubule formation or on the rate of cold-induced microtubule disassembly. Phosphorylation of tau by the proline-directed protein kinase completely blocked immunoreactivity with antibody SMI33. Phosphorylation did not create the epitopes for the phosphate-dependent antibodies SMI31 or SMI34. Antibody SMI33 recognizes neurofibrillary tangles after treatment with alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that the proline-directed protein kinase may phosphorylate tau at sites that are phosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease.
Intubation via the LMA using a Cook retrograde intubation kit

We report two cases of difficult intubation where a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was used and changed to a conventional endotracheal tube using a retrograde intubation set. In two patients, following induction of anaesthesia, the trachea could not be intubated in the conventional fashion with a blade. In both patients an LMA was inserted to achieve an airway. In both patients intubation with a conventional endotracheal tube was required. A Cook Retrograde Intubation Kit and fibreoptic bronchoscope were used to change the LMA to conventional endotracheal tube without problems. The Cook retrograde intubation allows an LMA to be replaced with an endotracheal tube with an ID greater than 6 mm with a #3 or 7 mm with a #5 LMA. This technique places an exchange stylet into the airway which is superior to a conventional guidewire. This method allows the airway to be maintained until the LMA is exchanged with an endotracheal tube. Anaesthesia may be maintained and the airway instrumented without difficulty using this technique.
A direct limit on the heavy neutrino in tritium beta decay

Abstract On a combined tritium beta decay sample in excess of one billion events per keV at energies near 1.5 keV, a search for a 17 keV neutrino admixture has been performed using a derivative method. No heavy neutrino signal was observed. This direct result is independent of theoretical details as well as experimental subtractions and corrections.
Stability robustness analysis of discrete-time systems with multiple large parameter variations

Abstract A method is presented to construct the largest set of parameter variations for any asymptotically stable (convergent) matrix, whose corresponding set of perturbed matrices remains stable.
Changing Landscapes of Power: Opulence and the Urge for Authenticity

Moving beyond two often used constructs that describe recent socio-spatial changes in cities — gentrification and neoliberalism — this discussion suggests working with the aesthetic idea of authenticity to support the right to a diverse city. As an analytic construct, authenticity has several virtues: it directs attention to culture as well as political economy in the development of global urbanism; it connects to the pervasive modern search for sources of ‘real’ identity; and it reflects concern with changes in urban experience, as well as with physical displacement in the built environment. Reviewing the post-second world war history of US cities, as they replaced the ‘urban village’ with the ‘corporate city’, and more recent examples from New York City, I consider capital, the state, the growing power of the media and new middle-class tastes. Resume Depassant deux notions frequemment utilisees pour decrire les recentes evolutions socio-spatiales urbaines (gentrification et neoliberalisme), cette discussion propose de recourir a l'idee esthetique d'authenticite pour defendre le droit a une ville diversifiee. Comme concept analytique, l'authenticite revet plusieurs vertus : elle oriente l'interet vers la culture et l'economie politique dans l'elaboration d'un urbanisme globalise; elle rejoint l'incessante quete moderne de sources d'identite‘reelle'; elle traduit une preoccupation des transformations de l'experience urbaine, ainsi que du deplacement physique dans un environnement bâti. En reprenant l'histoire des villes americaines apres la Seconde Guerre mondiale, lesquelles ont remplace le ‘village urbain’ par la ‘ville economique’, avec des cas new-yorkais plus recents, ce travail s'interesse aux capitaux, a l'Etat, au pouvoir des medias et aux gouts des classes moyennes.
Phonon dispersion in Xe

Abstract The predictions of the Mie-Lennard-Jones potentials for phonon dispersion in solid Xe at 10°K and at 77°K are compared with the results of recent measurements. The dynamics of the crystal are described by the first order self-consistent phonon theory for the imaginary part of the one phonon Green's function. The fit obtained is quite poor though we point out that no conclusion can be drawn about the size of three-body forces. We conclude that improved potentials are needed to account for the experimental data.
Fighting Salafi-Jihadist Insurgencies: How Much Does Religion Really Matter?

How do jihadist insurgencies differ from non-jihadist ones? Jihadist insurgents, like all insurgents, seek to control the government, need money and weapons, and thrive where government is weak. Yet their cause—jihad at local, regional, and global levels—gives them instant friends and resources, but also built-in enemies and burdens. Jihadist insurgents often organize, recruit, and fund-raise differently than traditional insurgent groups. The agendas of these militant groups often go against the local residents' sense of nationalism and anger these communities with their extreme interpretations of Islam. To take advantage of this, the United States can amplify local voices that are best able to discredit these insurgents and press allied regimes to disrupt the mosques, schools, and fund-raising networks that help support them. However, Washington should also recognize that weakening these groups at the local level may make them more likely to embrace international terrorism. Allied efforts to co-opt jihad...