cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are personality and behavioral measures of impulse control convergent or distinct predictors of health behaviors

Both traditional personality measures of impulse control and behavioral measures of impulse control have been shown to predict health behaviors. Despite a strong conceptual overlap between these two approaches to measuring impulse control, it is unclear how these two modes of measurement converge. We tested three different models relating behavioral and personality measures to a broad measure of health behaviors. Participants (N = 147) completed a series of behavioral measures of impulse control along with a lexically-based adjective checklist for conscientiousness, and Eysenck’s I7 impulsiveness scale. Participants’ personalities were also evaluated via peer-ratings. Health behaviors were assessed using the health behaviors checklist (HBC). Across most domains of health behaviors both types of measures operated as parallel independent predictors.
Yeast Inhibition in Grape. Juice Containing Sulfur Dioxide, Sorbic Acid, and Dimethyldicarbonate

Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), sorbic acid (SB), dimethyldicarbonate (DMDC), and their combinations were studied for suppression of fermentation at 21 o C or 31 o C in grape juice inoculated with 2, 200, or 20,000 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of yeast. The other preservatives did not suppress as well as DMDC. The DMDC (0.8 mM) prevented fermentation at all inoculation levels at both temperatures, except that inoculated with 20,000 CFU/mL at 21 o C. The 0.8-mM level of SO 2 +DMDC, and SB+DMDC prevented fermentation in samples inoculated with 2 or 200 CFU/mL at 31 o C. Storage at 31 o C decreased effectiveness of SO 2 , SB, and SO 2 +SB but increased effectiveness of DMDC, SO 2 +DMDC, and SB+DMDC (0.8 mM level)
Die Farbe des Rubins und der (Al5, Cr)2O3-Mischkristalle

Durch Untersuchung der Farbe, der Thermochromie, der Gitterkonstanten, Dichten, Der Reduzierbarkeit und der magnetischen Suszeptibilitat der luckenlosen Reihe von Al2O3Cr2O3-Mischkristallen sollte versucht werden, eine Deutung dafur zu bekommen, warum im Rubin der farblose Korund durch Einbau von grunem Cr2O3 in das Gitter seine charakteristische rote Farbe erhalt. Es zeigte sich, das nur solche Mischkristalle rein rot sind, die bis zu etwa 8 mol-% Cr2O3 enthalten; mit zunehmendem Chromgehalt verandert sich die Farbe mehr und mehr nach grun. Bei derselben Grenze von 8 Mol-% andert sich ebenfalls der Verlauf der Farbumschlagstemperaturen, der Gitterkonstanten, der Dichten und der Reduzierbarkeit. Die Suszeptibilitaten nehmen bis zu 30 Mol-% Chrom relativ schnell, von dann ab langsamer und linear mit dem Chromgehalt ab. Eine Deutung dieser Befunde ergibt sich durch die Annahme, das im Gitter isoliert von ihresgleichen liegende Chromionen die rote Farbe und in Kontakt miteinander befindliche Chromionen die grune Farbe der Mischkristalle bedingen. Analog last sich der Verlauf der anderen untersuchten Eigenschaften durch Uberlagerung der verschiedenen Eigenschaften der isoliert liegenden und der in Kontakt befindlichen Chromionen deuten.
OVERREACTION AND REVERSE ANTICIPATION: TWO RELATED PUZZLES?

In this article we investigate stock price behavior before and after surprise events. We form four base portfolios and sixteen control portfolios, taking into consideration the event direction, the magnitude of event-day surprises, the potentially confounding effects due to calendar regularities in stock returns, and the ex-post outlier month of October 1987. Using capital market data from 1964 to 1989, we find a pre-event stock price behavior pattern that we call the reverse anticipation puzzle. We also confirm the existence of the overreaction pattern. The pre- and post-event stock price behavior patterns are found to be similar.
Angiotensin protects cortical neurons from hypoxic-induced apoptosis via the angiotensin type 2 receptor.

Abstract The effects of angiotensin on mouse cortical neuronal cultures exposed to chemical-induced hypoxia was investigated. Cultures exposed to 10 mM sodium azide for 5 min showed a 17% increase in apoptosis when assayed 24 h postinsult. The N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 blocked sodium azide-induced cell death suggesting that the NMDA receptor contributes to the mediated cell death. Pretreatment of cultured neurons with angiotensin decreased sodium azide-induced apoptosis by 94%. When the AT1 receptor was blocked by its receptor antagonist, losartan, angiotensin activation of the AT2 receptor completely inhibited sodium azide-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment of neurons with the AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319 resulted in angiotensin reducing sodium azide-induced apoptosis by 48%. These results demonstrate that angiotensin can significantly attenuate sodium azide-induced apoptosis primarily through activation of the AT2 receptor and suggests that angiotensin may have a protective role in neurons undergoing ischemic injury.
More than Adding a T: American Lesbian and Gay Activists' Attitudes towards Transgender Inclusion

This article is an exploration of American lesbian and gay activists' attitudes towards transgender inclusion in the LGBT movement. Lesbian and gay activists articulated different attitudes towards transgender inclusion that were inflected by their different subcultural histories and ability to make connections personally with transgender issues. Through an analysis of 32 semi-structured interviews with Midwestern lesbian and gay activists, this article examines the process by which lesbian and gay activists become transgender allies through making parallels to their own oppression or visible transgender discrimination. This research contributes to the existing literature on both collective identities and ally identities by contextualizing the formation of ally identities within the history of the LGBT movement.
Relationship between the concentration of denitrifiers and Pseudomonas spp. in soils: implications for BTX bioremediation

Aquifer microcosms were used to investigate the effect of stimulating denitrification on microbial population shifts and BTX degradation potential. Selective pressure for facultative denitrifiers was applied to a treatment set by feeding acetate and nitrate, and cycling electron acceptor conditions twice between aerobic and denitrifying stages. A second (control) set degraded the same amount of acetate under aerobic conditions. The resulting concentrations of total heterotrophs were not significantly different between the two sets. Nevertheless, the concentrations of denitrifiers, Pseudomonas spp., and BTX degraders were significantly higher in the cycled microcosms than in the aerobic controls. The predominant isolates from the cycled microcosms were fluorescent Pseudomonas species that are known to degrade BTX. Following the complete removal of acetate, cycled microcosms also showed higher aerobic BTX degradation activity. These results suggest that nitrate addition to oxygen-limited aquifers might enhance BTX bioremediation not only by supplementing the electron acceptor pool as is widely accepted, but also by fostering favorable changes in the composition of the microbial consortium. Specifically, denitrifying conditions could have the ancillary benefit of fortuitously selecting for Pseudomonas spp. that can degrade BTX. This syllogism is supported by a survey of international soils (from France, Denmark, Brazil and Iowa, USA), which showed a correlation between the concentration of denitrifers and Pseudomonas spp.
Temporary Sheltering, Psychological Stress Symptoms, and Perceptions of Recovery

AbstractIt is crucial to understand how postdisaster shelter choices affect disaster survivors’ stress. However, no study has investigated the association of different types of temporary shelters on psychological stress symptoms and the possible consequences for long-term recovery. This research aims to fill this gap by using panel data (2005 and 2008) collected from 531 households residing in seven coastal settlements in the Nagapattinam District of Tamil Nadu, which was affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. This study investigates how elements of temporary sheltering (e.g., what type, where, for how long) influence disaster survivors’ experiences of psychological stress symptoms. The authors approached postdisaster shelter not simply as a basic material human need, but as an integral part of social identity, mental well-being, and the reconstitution of economic livelihood. They found a statistically significant decrease in the psychological stress symptoms in disaster survivors three and half years...
Monotonic responses from monochromatic optical particle counters.

Mie theory is used to investigate the degree to which a response from an optical particle counter (OPC) can be made monotonic when sizing particles of a given refractive index. This investigation is restricted to OPC designs that use monochromatic illumination and have coaxial light-collection optics. By systematically exploring the angular limits of the collection optics, it is found that, for certain limits, a very nearly monotonic response can be achieved for a nonresonant cavity OPC for a range of refractive indices. In contrast, for a resonant cavity instrument, this investigation did not reveal any angular limits where the response is close to being monotonic, unless the refractive index of the particles being sized has a large imaginary component.
Think-Aloud-Based Translation Process Research: Some Methodological Considerations

Le present article traite, sous les angles theorique et pratique, de problemes methodologiques qui surviennent dans le cadre de recherches sur le processus de traduction se fondant sur les protocoles de verbalisation (PV). Il se fonde sur des questions qui ont ete soulevees a partir d’une enquete menee internationalement aupres de 25 chercheurs eminents du domaine. Il est propose qu’il n’y a pas de donnees probantes suggerant que les PV changent ou influencent de maniere significative le processus de traduction, bien que la validite et la completude des PV, dans une etude particuliere, puissent dependre de plusieurs variables. Les PV, ainsi que d’autres methodes comme l’enregistrement de la frappe et l’oculometrie, repondent a des objectifs de recherche differents, et ils peuvent donc etre associes dans le cadre d’une etude faisant appel a des methodes multiples. Plusieurs plans experimentaux sont alors possibles, ce qui rend possibles des travaux plus approfondis que les etudes de cas uniques ou les mesures de convergence. Par ailleurs, les methodes de transcription et d’analyse sont evoquees. Plusieurs idees recues a ce sujet sont discutees. Ainsi, il est suggere que les chercheurs ne transcrivent que ce qui est necessaire, plutot que de faire une transcription complete, ou ils peuvent meme sauter l’etape de transcription ; s’ils choisissent leur materiel experimental, ils n’ont pas a retenir des passages complets, ils peuvent utiliser des groupes de phrases.
The Health Effects of Automobile Exhaust. VI. Relationship of Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function in Tunnel and Turnpike Workers

ABSTRACT To examine the effect of automobile exhaust on respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function, the authors studied 175 tunnel and turnpike workers employed by the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority on two occasions 3 yr apart beginning in 1972. A standard respiratory symptom and illness questionnaire was administered, spirometry was performed, and proximal hair lead and blood lead content were measured as biologic indices of automobile exhaust exposure. One hundred nine (63%) workers were current cigarette smokers, 41 (23%) were exsmokers, and 24 (14%) had never smoked. Smoking was strongly related to respiratory symptoms of cough (P < .001) and phlegm production (P < .001), but not to wheezing (P = .41), breathlessness (P = .14), bronchial asthma (P = .13), or frequent chest colds (P = .14). When workers were stratified by smoking status, no effect could be seen between high automobile exhaust exposure as measured by a variety of parameters and all of the above respiratory symptoms and illnesses. The...
Mass detection in mammographic ROIs using watson filters

Human vision models have been shown to capture the response of the visual system; their incorporation into the classification stage of a Computer Aided Detection system could improve performance. This study seeks to improve the performance of an automated breast mass detection system by using the Watson filter model versus a Laguerre Gauss Channelized Hotelling Observer (LG-CHO). The LG-CHO and the Watson filter model were trained and tested on a 512x512 ROI database acquired from the Digital Database of Screening Mammography consisting of 800 total ROIs; 200 of which were malignant, 200 were benign and 400 were normal. Half of the ROIs were used to train the weights for ten LG-CHO templates that were later used during the testing stage. For the Watson filter model, the training cases were used to optimize the frequency filter parameter empirically to yield the best ROC Az performance. This set of filter parameters was then tested on the remaining cases. The training Az for the LG-CHO and the Watson filter was 0.896 +/- 0.016 and 0.924 +/- 0.014 respectively. The testing Az for the LG-CHO and Watson filter was 0.849 +/- 0.019 and 0.888 +/- 0.017. With a p-value of 0.029, the difference in testing performance was statistically significant, thus implying that the Watson filter model holds promise for better detection of masses.
TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX AND RENAL ANGIOMYOLIPOMA: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

A 5-year-old boy with a known diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex was found to have an enlarging renal mass on routine ultrasound. He was diagnosed with an angiomyolipoma (AML) and scheduled for close observation. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the AML to be significantly enlarged and hypervascular. Selective arterial embolization of the tumor was performed, which resulted in an appropriate decrease in tumor size. Angiomyolipoma is a known and well-described complication of the tuberous sclerosis complex that is usually found among patients in their adolescent and adult years. The case presented here illustrates the need for early and repeated renal imaging of younger pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis. Our experience adds to the literature on young pediatric patients requiring embolization for treatment of large renal angiomyolipomas.
Molecular weight distributions in continuous linear addition polymerizations

Molecular weight distributions for addition polymerization without termination in continuous vessels were developed and compared with distributions for batch, chain polymerization with termination. A correspondence was found to exist between: batch, chain polymerization with termination by disproportionation and continuous polyaddition in one vessel; batch polymerization with termination by combination and continuous polyaddition in two vessels in series; and, finally, Flory's multichain condensation polymerization and continuous polyaddition in any number of vessels in series.
Cardioreparative effects of lisinopril in rats with genetic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.

BACKGROUNDIn genetic and acquired hypertension, a structural remodeling of the nonmyocyte compartment of the myocardium, including the accumulation of fibrillar collagen within the interstitium and adventitia of intramyocardial coronary arteries and a medial thickening of these vessels, represents a determinant of pathological hypertrophy that leads to ventricular dysfunction.METHODS AND RESULTSTo evaluate the benefit of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in reversing this interstitial and vascular remodeling in the rat with genetic spontaneous hypertension (SHR) and established left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), we treated 14-week-old male SHR with oral lisinopril (average dose, 15 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Myocardial stiffness and coronary vascular reserve to adenosine (800 micrograms/min) were examined in the isolated heart; myocardial collagen and intramural coronary artery architecture were analyzed morphometrically. In lisinopril-treated SHR compared with 14-week-old baseline or 26-week-old un...
Functional interactions between matrix metalloproteinases and glycosaminoglycans.

Similar to most proteinases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) do not recognize a consensus cleavage site. Thus, it is not surprising that, in a defined in vitro reaction, most MMPs can act on a wide range of proteins, including many extracellular matrix proteins. However, the findings obtained from in vivo studies with genetic models have demonstrated that individual MMPs act on just a few extracellular protein substrates, typically not matrix proteins. The limited, precise functions of an MMP imply that mechanisms have evolved to control the specificity of proteinase:substrate interactions. We discuss the possibility that interactions with the glycosaminoglycan chains of proteoglycans may function as allosteric regulators or accessory factors directing MMP catalysis to specific substrates. We propose that understanding how the activity of specific MMPs is confined to discreet compartments and targeted to defined substrates via interactions with other macromolecules may provide a means of blocking potentially deleterious MMP-mediated processes at the same time as sparing any beneficial functions.
Divergent Thinking and Evaluation Skills: Do They Always Go Together?

The aim of the present study was to explore the hypothesized relationship between divergent thinking (DT) and two types of evaluation: interpersonal (judgments about others' ideas) and intrapersonal (judgments about one's own ideas). Divergent thinking and evaluation skills were measured by means of a GenEva (Generation and Evaluation) task. There were two conditions of the task: intrapersonal and interpersonal, and two aspects of a given idea were assessed: originality and uniqueness. The main results suggest that (1) overall DT skill is positively related to intrapersonal evaluation of uniqueness; (2) the originality component of DT skill is negatively related to intrapersonal evaluation of uniqueness; (3) overall DT is negatively related to intrapersonal evaluation of originality; (4) underestimation of idea uniqueness is more salient in interpersonal evaluation, particularly in case of those with high DT skill. The results are discussed in terms of author's and observer's perspectives of judgment.
Love as a Problem of Knowledge in Kierkegaard's Either/Or and Plato's Symposium

Abstract At the end of the essay “Silhouettes” in Either/Or, Kierkegaard writes, “only the person who has been bitten by snakes knows what one who has been bitten by snakes must suffer.” I interpret this as an allusion to Alcibiades' speech in Plato's Symposium. Kierkegaard invites the reader to compare Socrates with Don Giovanni, and Alcibiades with the seducer's women. Socrates' philosophical method, in this light, is a deceptive seduction: just as Don Giovanni's seduction leads his conquests to unhappy love—what Kierkegaard terms “reflective sorrow”—so the elenctic method leads Socrates' interlocutors to aporia, not to knowledge. I offer a critique of Socrates' ironic stance as a philosopher, which stance is reflected in the theory of love he presents in the Symposium, and suggest that philosophy should be modeled on the romantic love of persons—a love that can be reciprocated—not the love of an impersonal Form, a one-sided love.
Thermodynamic prediction of the water activity, NH4NO3 dissociation constant, density and refractive index for the NH4NO3-(NH4)2SO4-H2O system at 25°C

The thermodynamic properties, water activity, density and refractive index of NH_4NO_3-(NH_4)_2SO_4-H_2O aerosols are estimated from binary solution data and existing mixing rules. Particle growth is shown to be predictable from the particle composition, the NH_4NO_3-(NH_4)_2SO_4-H_2O phase diagram and the water activity calculation technique of C.L. Kusik and H.P. Meissner (1978, A.I.Ch. E. Symp. 173, 14–20). Good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental measurements of I.N. Tang et al. (1981, Atmospheric Environment15, 2463–2471), J. Thudium (1978,Pageoph. 116, 130–148) and H.H. Emons and W. Hahn (1970, Wiss Z.12, 129–132) is shown. Also, the effect of (NH_4)_2SO_4 on the relative humidity dependence of the NH_4NO_3 dissociation constant is evaluated.
Alkylation of [2,2′-([2,2′-bipyridine]-6,6′-diyl)bis[phenolato]-N,N′,O,O′]nickel(II) during catalytic reduction of 1-iodooctane

Abstract Electrochemical and catalytic properties of [2,2′-([2,2′-bipyridine]-6,6′-diyl)bis[phenolato]-N,N′,O,O′]nickel(II), 1, for the reduction of alkyl halides have been investigated in an attempt to find a more stable catalyst than nickel(II) salen-type complexes. Cyclic voltammetry of 1 in the presence of 1-iodooctane reveals that the nickel(II)–nickel(I) couple becomes irreversible, but that minimal catalytic activity is exhibited. This finding combined with a low turnover number, incomplete substrate reduction, and meager product yields from controlled-potential electrolyses indicates that electrogenerated [2,2′-([2,2′-bipyridine]-6,6′-diyl)bis[phenolato]-N,N′,O,O′]nickelate(I) is a poor catalyst. Analysis of post-electrolysis material by means of 1H NMR, HPLC, ESI–MS, and LC–MS techniques reveals that up to four alkyl moieties are incorporated into the structure of the original catalyst, leading to complete deactivation of the catalyst as determined from an examination of post-electrolysis solutions by means of cyclic voltammetry. Modest prevention of the alkylation can be accomplished by addition of a proton donor to the system. Mechanistic details of the modification and ways to prevent this modification are discussed.
Low educational level: a risk factor for sexually transmitted infections among commercial sex workers in Quito, Ecuador:

Few studies have assessed the effect of educational level on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and risk-taking behaviours among commercial sex workers (CSWs). This study analysed this association among female CSWs in Quito, Ecuador. Eighty-five CSWs were given a Spanish-language questionnaire on behaviours, socioeconomics and demographics. The correlation between years of education and number of prior STIs was calculated. Three groups of varying education level were formed and risk factors were analysed by Chi-square tests and analysis of variances. Lower educational level was associated with more STIs (r= -0.36; F=4.2; P=0.04), poorer knowledge of HIV/AIDS (P=0.03), earlier first prostitution (P=0.05) and first sex (P=0.00), willingness to engage in group sex (P=0.05) and work on the street (P=0.02), and presence of non-paying sexual partners (P=0.05). CSWs with lower educational levels were disproportionately afflicted with STIs and participated in more high-risk behaviours. Low educational level may predispose CSWs to STIs and associated risk factors.
Test method development to evaluate hot, humid air decontamination of materials contaminated with Bacillus anthracis ∆Sterne and B. thuringiensis Al Hakam spores

Aims To develop test methods and evaluate the survival of Bacillus anthracis ∆Sterne and Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam spores after exposure to hot, humid air. Methods and Results Spores (>7 logs) of both strains were dried on six different test materials. Response surface methodology was employed to identify the limits of spore survival at optimal test combinations of temperature (60, 68, 77°C), relative humidity (60, 75, 90%) and time (1, 4, 7 days). No spores survived the harshest test run (77°C, 90% r.h., 7 days), while > 6·5 logs of spores survived the mildest test run (60°C, 60% r.h., 1 day). Spores of both strains inoculated on nylon webbing and polypropylene had greater survival rates at 68°C, 75% r.h., 4 days than spores on other materials. Electron microscopy showed no obvious physical damage to spores using hot, humid air, which contrasted with pH-adjusted bleach decontamination. Conclusions Test methods were developed to show that hot, humid air effectively inactivates B. anthracis ∆Sterne and B. thuringiensis Al Hakam spores with similar kinetics. Significance and Impact of the Study Hot, humid air is a potential alternative to conventional chemical decontamination.
A critical assessment of composite and coprimary endpoints: a complex problem.

R andomized, placebo-controlled trials have for decades been the gold standard in evaluating new medical interventions; however, the determination of efficacy is highly dependent on the selection of the primary endpoint. While this may initially seem straightforward, choosing a primary endpoint can be complex, and may ultimately lead to the apparent success or failure of the intervention. With our growing understanding of disease complexity and the increasing number of diagnostic technologies available, investigators have increasingly turned to multiple-measure endpoints to satisfy the different ways in which we measure disease and its burden on patients. The result of complex investigational questions, however, is complex statistical answers. What does it mean if a medication reduces a composite measure of disease burden by decreasing mortality, but also decreases quality of life and increases costs? Trials may tout one positive endpoint when others failed. Likewise, a study medication can be branded a failure when it nevertheless successfully serves a specific role. Choosing the endpoints of a study involves not only assessing the relevant patient and physician values but includes issues of financial and practical feasibility. Because there are many ways to approach multiple endpoints, and because
Open hand fractures : prognosis and classification

Two hundred open fractures distal to the carpus in one hundred twenty-one patients were studied retrospectively. One hundred seventy-three fractures were followed-up to complete bony union, which occurred at a median period of seven weeks. Ninety-seven total complications included nine wound infections in seven patients, eighteen malunions, seventeen delayed or nonunions, twenty-three fixation problems, and two late amputations. Infection rate increased in the presence of wound contamination, delay in treatment greater than twenty-four hours, or systemic illness. It was not increased by presence of internal fixation, immediate wound closure, large wound size, tendon/nerve/vascular injury, or high-energy mechanism. We suggest a classification predictive of infection: type I: Clean wound and no systemic illness; type II: Contaminated wound, delay in treatment greater than twenty-four hours, or significant systemic illness. We recommend choosing fracture stabilization on the basis of the mechanical needs of the fracture, regardless of wound size, injury energy, or contamination. Immediate wound closure is appropriate for type I injuries and delayed closure should be reserved for type II wounds.
Women and leisure: Premises and performances uncovered in an integrative review

Research about women and leisure continues to expand as meanings are examined from different perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to extend three previous integrative reviews about research trends and outcomes regarding women's leisure. Research articles appearing from 2001–2005 in selected major research journals of English speaking countries were analyzed through an integrative review to ascertain patterns and themes. New as well as recurring patterns in the content of the research emerged. Results indicated five themes related to premises and performances of leisure that summarized the recent literature about women and leisure at the beginning of the new century: gender resistance and leisure choices, gendered leisure and critical theory, constraints in context, women's leisure and social factors, and active leisure.
An online motion planning algorithm for a 7DOF redundant manipulator

For a 7 degree of freedom (7DOF) manipulator which has redundant DOF, traditional numerical algorithm for the inverse kinematic model just provides only one possible solution for desired position and orientation of end-effector which can not fully use the redundancy feature of the 7DOF manipulator. This paper proposes an online motion planning algorithm for a 7DOF manipulator with an analytical inverse kinematic model. This algorithm uses a new constraint named Elbow Angle besides traditional position and orientation matrix constraint to solve the inverse kinematic model. By Using this new constraint, an analytical solution of the inverse kinematic model for this 7DOF manipulator is deduced and the Elbow Angle is autonomously decided online by the environment information. The simulation results demonstrate the high accuracy, fast computation and valuable application of this algorithm.
Throughput analysis in Aeronautical Data Networks

The advances in signal processing, rapid-prototyping and an insatiable consumer demand for wireless connectivity is opening a new paradigm of data service, “Aeronautical Data Networks (ADN)”. The desire is to provide low delay and cost effective data network not only for an aeronautical platform, but also terrestrial networks by using aeronautical platforms as a backbone. An aeronautical station could be a commercial plane, a helicopter or any other very low orbit station i.e., Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV), High Altitude Platform (HAP). In this paper, we investigate aeronautical broadband wireless access scheme to provide a ADN capacity analysis. First the geometry and connectivity of an ADN is investigated to present the parameters that effects the throughput of an ADN. Then the network throughput analysis based on finding the maximum number of concurrent successful transmissions method is done to provide an upper bound for the throughput of ADN. Simulation results are presented and it is shown that the analytically derived upper bound is tight under the condition that the aeronautical stations are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) over the ADN. Numerical results for various possible scenarios depending on ADN geometry are also presented.
Focal ventricular arrhythmias originating from the left ventricle adjacent to the membranous septum.

Aims We report the features of focal ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) arising from the left ventricle (LV) adjacent to the membranous septum. Methods and results We studied eight patients (five men, 65 ± 10 years) with ( n = 2) or without structural heart disease ( n = 6) who had ventricular tachycardia ( n = 4) or premature ventricular contractions ( n = 4) originating from the LV septum underneath the aorta. Ventricular arrhythmias exhibited a focal activation pattern, left ( n = 4) or right bundle branch block ( n = 4), respectively, left superior ( n = 4) or inferior axis QRS morphology ( n = 4), negative QRS polarity in lead III and early or no precordial transition in all. During all of these VAs, far-field electrograms in the His bundle (HB) region preceded the QRS onset. In all patients, ventricular pre-potentials were recorded during VAs while late potentials were recorded in sinus rhythm at the border of a localized low-voltage area underneath the aorta. Radiofrequency catheter ablation at the presumed sites of origin successfully eliminated VAs in five patients and was abandoned in the remaining three because the HB electrogram was recorded at that site. Conclusion Focal VAs may arise from the LV adjacent to the membranous septum as a part of the LV ostium, and broadens the spectrum of LV ostium VAs.
Parallelizing post-placement timing optimization

This paper presents an efficient modeling scheme and a partitioning heuristic for parallelizing VLSI post-placement timing optimization. Encoding the paths with timing violations into a task graph, our novel modeling scheme provides an efficient representation of the timing and spatial relations among timing optimization tasks. Our new partitioning algorithm then assigns the task graph into multiple sessions of parallel processes, so that interprocessor communication is completely eliminated during each session. This partitioning scheme is especially useful for parallelizing processes with heavily connected tasks and, therefore, high communication requirements. For circuits with 20-130 thousand cells, the partitioning heuristic achieves speedups in excess of 5/spl times/ without degrading solution quality by dynamically utilizing 1-8 processors.
REINFORCEMENT AND THE GENETICS OF NONRANDOM MATING

The occurrence of reinforcement is compared when premating isolation is caused by the spread of a gene causing females to prefer to mate with males carrying a population-specific trait (a "preference" model) and by a gene that causes females to prefer to mate with males that share their own trait phenotype (an "assortative mating" model). Both two-island models, which have symmetric gene flow, and continent-island models, which have one-way gene flow, are explored. Reinforcement is found to occur much more easily in a two-island assortative mating model than in any of the other three models. This is due primarily to the fact that in this model the assortative mating allele will automatically become genetically associated in each population with the trait allele that is favored by natural selection on that island. In contrast, natural selection on the trait both favors and opposes the evolution of premating isolation in the two-island preference model, depending on the particular population. These results imply that species recognition in the context of mating may evolve particularly easily when it targets cues that are favored by natural selection in each population. In the continent-island models, reinforcement is found to occur more often under the preference model than the assortative mating model, thus reversing the trend from the two-island models. Patterns of population subdivision may therefore play a role in determining what types of premating isolation may evolve.
A Novel Role for Snapin in Dendrite Patterning: Interaction with Cypin

Temporal and spatial assembly of signal transduction machinery determines dendrite branch patterning, a process crucial for proper synaptic transmission. Our laboratory previously cloned and characterized cypin, a protein that decreases PSD-95 family member localization and regulates dendrite number. Cypin contains zinc binding, collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) homology, and PSD-95, Discs large, zona occludens-1 binding domains. Both the zinc binding and CRMP homology domains are needed for dendrite patterning. In addition, cypin binds tubulin via its CRMP homology domain to promote microtubule assembly. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen of a rat brain cDNA library with cypin lacking the carboxyl terminal eight amino acids as bait, we identified snapin as a cypin binding partner. Here, we show by affinity chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation that the carboxyl-terminal coiled-coil domain (H2) of snapin is required for cypin binding. In addition, snapin binds to cypin's CRMP homology domain, which is where tubulin binds. We also show that snapin competes with tubulin for binding to cypin, resulting in decreased microtubule assembly. Subsequently, overexpression of snapin in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons results in decreased primary dendrites present on these neurons and increased probability of branching. Together, our data suggest that snapin regulates dendrite number in developing neurons by modulating cypin-promoted microtubule assembly.
machismo, misogyny, and homophobia in a male athletic subculture: a participant-observation study of deviant rituals in collegiate rugby

Sociological literature focusing on athletic subcultures is abundant; however, little exists that specifically addresses the deviant conduct inherent within these enclaves. Save a few select studies, this is especially true of male collegiate rugby in the United States. Collegiate rugby in the United States is considered by many to be an emerging sport; as such, little is known about the deviant conduct, both criminal and non-criminal, that is inherent within the subculture. Utilizing participant and non-participant observation over the course of several years, this study explores the ritualistic deviant conduct within the male collegiate rugby subculture. The behavior is framed in terms of a functional group phenomenon that appears to be largely perpetuated by the notions of homophobia, machismo, and misogyny. Variations of social learning theories are discussed as possible frameworks by which to examine this unique behavior in future analyses.
Treating Drug-Abusing Women Prisoners: an Outcomes Evaluation of the Forever Free Program

Forever Free is an in-prison, residential, substance abuse treatment program employing a cognitive-behavioral curriculum designed for women. To assess this treatment model, 215 study volunteers in prison were recruited (119 treatment, 96 comparison); a 1-year follow-up was completed with 180 women (101 treatment, 79 comparison). Recidivism, drug use, and employment were examined. Bivariate analyses showed that treated women had significantly fewer arrests, less drug use, and greater employment. Cox regression analysis of time to reincarceration revealed that those with more lifetime arrests had a significantly increased risk of reincarceration; treatment group members and older subjects showed a trend toward decreased risk. Logistic regression analysis showed that treatment group membership and greater age predicted a lowered likelihood of drug use; heroin as the primary drug predicted a greater likeli-hood of use; and increased days in postrelease treatment and higher levels of education predicted employ...
Lipopolysacchride-Treated Mammary Carcinomas Secrete Proinflammatory Chemokines and Exhibit Reduced Growth Rates In Vivo, But Not In Vitro

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors that play a pivotal role in the initiation of immune responses. Here we report that the murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 constitutively expressed genes encoding TLR2, 3, 4 and 5. Moreover, treatment of the 4T1 cell line with peptidoglycan (PGN), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), agonists for TLR2, 3 or 4 respectively, induced nuclear translocation of NFκB and secretion of CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL1 in a dose dependent manner. Although treating the tumor cells with the TLR agonists did not modulate growth or viability of the tumor cells in vitro, 4T1 exhibited a decreased growth rate in vivo following treatment with LPS that was dependent upon the presence of CD8+ T cells. Analysis of 3 additional murine mammary carcinomas revealed that they also secreted CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL1 in response to TLR agonist treatment, and LPS treated 168 and SM1 tumors exhibited decreased growth rates in vivo, but not in vitro. These data i...
Impacts of climate change on streamflow in the Upper Mississippi River Basin: A regional climate model perspective

[1] Impact of climate change on streamflow in the Upper Mississippi River Basin is evaluated by use of a regional climate model (RCM) coupled with a hydrologic model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The RCM we used resolves, at least partially, some fine-scale dynamical processes that are important contributors to precipitation in this region and that are not well simulated by global models. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated against measured streamflow data using observed weather data and inputs from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS) geographic information systems/ database system. Combined performance of SWAT and RCM was examined using observed weather data as lateral boundary conditions in the RCM. The SWAT and RCM performed well, especially on an annual basis. Potential impacts of climate change on water yield and other hydrologic budget components were then quantified by driving SWAT with current and future scenario climates. Twenty-one percent increase in future precipitation simulated by the RCM produced 18% increase in snowfall, 51% increase in surface runoff, and 43% increase in groundwater recharge, resulting in 50% net increase in total water yield in the Upper Mississippi River Basin on an annual basis. Uncertainty analysis showed that the simulated change in streamflow substantially exceeded model biases of the combined modeling system (with largest bias of 18%). While this does not necessarily give us high confidence in the actual climate change that will occur, it does demonstrate that the climate change ‘‘signal’’stands out from the climate modeling (global plus regional) and impact assessment modeling (SWAT) ‘‘noise.’’ INDEX TERMS: 1655 Global Change: Water cycles (1836); 1860 Hydrology: Runoff and streamflow; 1866 Hydrology: Soil moisture; KEYWORDS: climate change, streamflow, SWAT Citation: Jha, M., Z. Pan, E. S. Takle, and R. Gu (2004), Impacts of climate change on streamflow in the Upper Mississippi River Basin: A regional climate model perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D09105, doi:10.1029/2003JD003686.
Mechanisms of Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Dispersant Bonding in Non‐Aqueous Dispersions of NiO

Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the mechanism of fatty acid and triglyceride dispersant bonding to NiO in 2-butanol for a series of triglyceride and straight chain fatty acid dispersants with systematically varied chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. The extent of NiO deflocculation was measured using laser diffraction particle size analysis. The relative stabilities of the fatty acid/NiO dispersions were assessed through settling tests. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy indicates that the straight chain fatty acids chemisorb to NiO as alkoxides with most of the adsorbed moieties in an η2 configuration. A small fraction of the adsorbed straight chain fatty acids are either chemisorbed through the hydroxyl oxygen in an η1 configuration or physisorbed as dimers. Glycerol trioleate and Menhaden fish oil both exhibit some chemisorption through the carbonyl oxygen. Despite similarities in adsorption mechanism, the dispersants differ in their abilities to break up NiO aggregates and to prevent re-aggregation. Dispersant characteristics favoring stability of the NiO/2-butanol dispersion are longer carbon chain length and higher degree of unsaturation. The triglyceride structure provides a weak improvement in stability. These results are discussed in the context of recent work developing non-aqueous inks for inkjet printing of solid oxide fuel cells.
Rapid Decrease in Horn Size of Bighorn Sheep: Environmental Decline, Inbreeding Depression, or Evolutionary Response to Trophy Hunting?

There are numerous examples demonstrating that selection has greatly influenced phenotypes in wild-harvested species. Here, a significant reduction in horn size in trophy desert bighorn sheep rams over 30 years in a reintroduced population in Aravaipa Canyon, Arizona is documented. After examining the potential effects of a detrimental change in the environment, inbreeding depression, and hunter-caused evolutionary change, it appears that environmental deterioration, apparently from the effects of drought, may be a major cause of the decline in horn size. In particular, the reduction in ram horn size is positively associated with reduced winter lifetime rainfall over the 3 decades. Over the same period, the demographic indicator lamb-to-ewe ratio has also declined in the Aravaipa population. On the other hand, lamb-to-ewe ratio has not declined statewide in Arizona, and the population size in Aravaipa appears to be increasing, suggesting local- and trait-specific effects. Using a theoretical context, neither inbreeding depression nor hunter selection by themselves appear to the sole causes of the lower horn size. However, some combination of environmental factors, inbreeding depression, and hunter selection may have caused the decrease in observed horn size. It is not clear what management actions might be successful in countering the environmental effects on horn size, but supplemental feeding and cattle removal are suggested while translocation is suggested to counter the effects of inbreeding depression and reduced hunting and translocation are suggested to counter the effects of hunter selection.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and conventional medical therapy in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a prospective randomized study.

Thirty-nine newborn infants with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure who met criteria for 85% likelihood of dying were enrolled in a randomized trial in which extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy was compared with conventional medical therapy (CMT). In phase I, 4 of 10 babies in the CMT group died and 9 of 9 babies in the ECMO group survived. Randomization was halted after the fourth CMT death, as planned before initiating the study, and the next 20 babies were treated with ECMO (phase II). Of the 20, 19 survived. All three treatment groups (CMT and ECMO in phase I and ECMO, phase II) were comparable in severity of illness and mechanical ventilator support. The overall survival of ECMO-treated infants was 97% (28 of 29) compared with 60% (6 of 10) in the CMT group (P less than .05).
An effective approach for large scale floorplanning

Floorplacement" has attracted attention, as a placement formula- tion for designs with thousands or millions of soft macro blocks. In this paper, we investigate the "standard block" approach, where soft blocks are shaped to have uniform height, rather than a wide range of different sizes. This allows many macro blocks can be treated as standard cells, simplifying the problem to one of ordinary mixed size placement. We obtain high quality results for a suite of recent benchmarks, and also present novel legalization algorithms that are more robust than the widely-used mixed-size tetris approach.
Interest rate management in LDC's

The McKinnon argument that higher Time Deposit rates raise output and lower inflation in the short run and increase medium-term growth by raising the savings rate are shown to depend crucially on the assumption that portfolio shifts into TD's come out of an asset providing less intermediation than the banking system. We show that if instead the shift is out of an asset providing more intermediation (e.g., loans on a curbmarket), raising TD rates is contractionary in the short run, may have negative impacts on growth and can lead to more rather than less inflation in the short run.
Distributed Computing Economics: Computing economics are changing. Today there is rough price parity between: (1) one database access; (2) 10 bytes of network traffic; (3) 100,000 instructions; (4) 10 bytes of disk storage; and (5) a megabyte of disk bandwidth. This has implications for how one structures Internet-scale distributed computing: one puts computing as close to the data as possible in order to avoid expensive network traffic.

Computing is free. The world’s most powerful computer is free (SETI@Home is a 54-teraflop machine). Google freely provides a trillion searches per year to the world’s largest online database (two petabytes). Hotmail freely carries a trillion e-mail messages per year. Amazon.com offers a free book-search tool. Many sites offer free news and other free content. Movies, sports events, concerts, and entertainment are freely available via television.