cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Anti-Glare Applications for a Tactical Helmet-Mounted Display

Non see-through, monocular helmet mounted displays (HMDs) provide warfighters with unprecedented amounts of information at a glance. The US Air Force recognizes their usefulness, and has included such an HMD as part of a kit for ground-based, Battlefield Airmen. Despite their many advantages, non see-through HMDs occlude a large portion of the visual field when worn as designed, directly in front of the eye. To address this limitation, operators have chosen to wear it just above the cheek, angled up toward the eye. However, wearing the HMD in this position exposes the display to glare, causing a potential viewing problem. In order to address this problem, we tested several film and HMD hood applications for their effect on glare. The first experiment objectively examined the amount of light reflected off the display with each application in a controlled environment. The second experiment used human participants to subjectively evaluate display readability/legibility with each film and HMD hood covering under normal office lighting and under a simulated sunlight condition. In this test paradigm, participants had to correctly identify different icons on a map and different words on a white background. Our results indicate that though some applications do reduce glare, they do not significantly improve the HMD's readability/legibility compared with an uncovered screen. This suggests that these post-production modifications will not completely solve this problem and underscores the importance of employing a user-centered approach early in the design cycle to determine an operator's use-case before manufacturing an HMD for a particular user community.
CAPER-α alternative splicing regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor165 in Ewing sarcoma cells

BACKGROUND: TC-71 Ewing sarcoma cells overexpress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with a shift from the 189 to the 165 isoform. METHODS: The effect of CAPER-α on the expression of the VEGF isoforms, tumor growth, and vessel density was analyzed after transfection of TC-71 cells with CAPER-α cDNA or siRNA. RESULTS: CAPER-α correlated inversely with the VEGF165/VEGF189 mRNA ratio. Up-regulation of CAPER-α resulted in decreased tumor growth, tumor vessel density, and chemotactic activity of the cell's supernatant. CAPER-α expression was regulated by EWS/FLI-1 through a protein-protein interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Increased VEGF165 expression is secondary to the down-regulation of CAPER-α by EWS/FLI-1. CAPER-α mediates alternative splicing and controls the shift from VEGF189 to VEGF165. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The daily inventory of stressful events: an interview-based approach for measuring daily stressors.

This study introduces the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events (DISE), an interview-based approach to the measurement of multiple aspects of daily stressors through daily telephone interviews. Using a U.S. national sample of adults aged 25 to 74 (N = 1031), the prevalence as well as the affective and physical correlates of daily stressors are examined. Respondents had at least one daily stressor on 40 percent of the study days and multiple stressors on 11 percent of the study days. The most common class of stressors was interpersonal tension followed by work-related stressors for men and network stressors (events that occur to close others) for women. Stressors that involved danger of loss were more prevalent than stressors in which loss actually occurred. Regression analyses showed that specific types of daily stressors such as interpersonal tensions and network stressors were unique predictors of both health symptoms and mood.
Language for Preventing and Defusing Violence in the Classroom

Appropriate policies, rules, and accountability help prevent violence inschool. Appropriate intervention techniques minimize or avert it.
New Generation of Predictive Technology Model for Sub-45nm Design Exploration

Predictive MOSFET model is critical for early circuit design research. To accurately predict the characteristics of nanoscale CMOS, emerging physical effects, such as process variations and physical correlations among model parameters, must be included. In addition, predictions across technology generations should be smooth to make continuous extrapolations. In this work, a new generation of predictive technology model (PTM) is developed to accomplish these goals. Based on physical models and early stage silicon data, PTM of bulk CMOS for 130nm to 32nm technology nodes is successfully generated. By tuning ten parameters, PTM can be easily customized to cover a wide range of process uncertainties. The accuracy of PTM predictions is comprehensively verified: for NMOS, the error of I/sub on/ is 2% and for PMOS, it is 5%. Furthermore, the new PTM correctly captures process sensitivities in the nanometer regime. A webpage has been established for the release of PTM (http://www.eas.asu.edu//spl sim/ptm).
The 2011 FAER-SOAP Gertie Marx lecture Reflections on studies of epidural analgesia and obstetric outcome

It was a privilege for me to know Dr. Gertie Marx. Time does not allow me to give adequate tribute to her contributions to the practice of obstetric anesthesia. In 2000 Dr. Marx received the first Distinguished Service Award from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP). As President of SOAP that year, it was my privilege to present the award to Dr. Marx. At the meeting banquet, four of us – Callie Hoyt, Medge Owen, Dick Wissler, and I – sang a song – barbershop quartet style – to Dr. Marx. The words were written by Dick Wissler and were quite clever. As I recall the singing was not stellar, but I think that Dr. Marx enjoyed it, and it was a lot of fun. I have entitled my lecture, ‘‘Reflections on studies of epidural analgesia and obstetric outcome.’’ I should first define some of the terms. My discussion of epidural analgesia will include studies of epidural analgesia alone, as well as combined spinal-epidural analgesia. And for this lecture, obstetric outcome refers primarily to the progress of labor and method of delivery. I will not discuss issues such as intrapartum maternal fever or postpartum back pain, and I will make only a few comments regarding early neonatal outcome. I recall little concern for this subject during my residency training at Duke University. In those days, obstetric anesthesiologists were more concerned with the cardiotoxicity of bupivacaine, the neurotoxicity of intrathecal 2-chloroprocaine, and the alleged neonatal neurobehavioral effects of epidural lidocaine. But the focus seemed to change when I left Duke and joined the faculty of the University of Iowa College of Medicine in 1984. In part this reflected a move away from North
Herminiimonas glaciei sp. nov., a novel ultramicrobacterium from 3042 m deep Greenland glacial ice

A Gram-negative ultramicrobacterium (designated strain UMB49(T)) was isolated from a 120,000-year-old, 3,042 m deep Greenland glacier ice core using a 0.2 mum filtration enrichment procedure. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that this strain belonged to the genus Herminiimonas of the family Oxalobacteraceae of the class Betaproteobacteria. Strain UMB49(T) was most closely related to Herminiimonas saxobsidens (99.6 % sequence similarity), Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans (98.4 %), Herminiimonas aquatilis (97.6 %) and Herminiimonas fonticola (97.9 %). Genomic DNA-DNA hybridization showed low levels of relatedness (below 57 %) to H. saxobsidens and H. arsenicoxydans. Cells of strain UMB49(T) were small thin rods with a mean volume of 0.043 mum(3) and possessed 1 or 2 polar and/or 1-3 lateral very long flagella. The original colony pigmentation was brown-purple but after recultivation the colonies were translucent white to tan coloured. Strain UMB49(T) grew aerobically and under microaerophilic conditions. The strain produced catalase and oxidase, but did not reduce nitrate. Sole carbon sources included citrate, succinate, malate, lactate and alanine. The strain produced acid from l-arabinose, d-arabinose, l-xylose, d-xylose and d-ribose. The DNA G+C content was 59.0 mol%. Based on differential characteristics of strain UMB49(T) and recognized Herminiimonas species, it was concluded that strain UMB49(T) represents a novel species of the genus Herminiimonas, for which the name Herminiimonas glaciei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UMB49(T) (=ATCC BAA-1623(T)=DSM 21140(T)).
Localization and Loss-of-Function Implicates Ciliary Proteins in Early, Cytoplasmic Roles in Left-Right Asymmetry

Left-right asymmetry is a crucial feature of the vertebrate body plan. While much molecular detail of this patterning pathway has been uncovered, the embryonic mechanisms of the initiation of asymmetry, and their evolutionary conservation among species, are still not understood. A popular recent model based on data from mouse embryos suggests extracellular movement of determinants by ciliary motion at the gastrulating node as the initial step. An alternative model, driven by findings in the frog and chick embryo, focuses instead on cytoplasmic roles of motor proteins. To begin to test the latter hypothesis, we analyzed the very early embryonic localization of ciliary targets implicated in mouse LR asymmetry. Immunohistochemistry was performed on frog and chick embryos using antibodies that have (KIF3B, Polaris, Polycystin-2, acetylated alpha-tubulin) or have not (LRD, INV, detyrosinated alpha-tubulin) been shown to detect in frog embryos only the target that they detect in mammalian tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed localization signals for all targets in the cytoplasm of cleavage-stage Xenopus embryos, and in the base of the primitive streak in chick embryos at streak initiation. Importantly, several left-right asymmetries were detected in both species, and the localization signals were dependent on microtubule and actin cytoskeletal organization. Moreover, loss-of-function experiments implicated very early intracellular microtubule-dependent motor protein function as an obligate aspect of oriented LR asymmetry in Xenopus embryos. These data are consistent with cytoplasmic roles for motor proteins in patterning the left-right axis that do not involve ciliary motion.
Muslim Women’s Religious Education in Early and Classical Islam

This article explores the main trajectories of contemporary scholarship on women and religious learning in early and classical Islam. It focuses on women's transmission of h · adith (sayings attrib- uted to the Prophet MuIammad which are decisive in formulating Islamic laws, rituals, and creed). The article reviews the main points of Sunno¯ legal discourse on the permissibility of educating women and surveys contributions in the arena of social history which have illuminated various aspects of women's religious education in early and classical Islam. In the process, the author proposes questions for future studies in this area.
Signal detection evidence for limited capacity in visual search

The nature of capacity limits (if any) in visual search has been a topic of controversy for decades. In 30 years of work, researchers have attempted to distinguish between two broad classes of visual search models. Attention-limited models have proposed two stages of perceptual processing: an unlimited-capacity preattentive stage, and a limited-capacity selective attention stage. Conversely, noise-limited models have proposed a single, unlimited-capacity perceptual processing stage, with decision processes influenced only by stochastic noise. Here, we use signal detection methods to test a strong prediction of attention-limited models. In standard attention-limited models, performance of some searches (feature searches) should only be limited by a preattentive stage. Other search tasks (e.g., spatial configuration search for a “2” among “5”s) should be additionally limited by an attentional bottleneck. We equated average accuracies for a feature and a spatial configuration search over set sizes of 1–8 for briefly presented stimuli. The strong prediction of attention-limited models is that, given overall equivalence in performance, accuracy should be better on the spatial configuration search than on the feature search for set size 1, and worse for set size 8. We confirm this crossover interaction and show that it is problematic for at least one class of one-stage decision models.
A Novel Carbon Nano Tube based Wick Structure for Heat Pipes/Vapor Chambers

The paper introduces the novel concept of using carbon nano tube (CNTs) based wick structures for high performance heat pipes and vapor chambers. This ongoing research aims to replace the copper wick structures with high conductive CNT wick structures. Individual carbon nanotubes possess extremely high thermal conductivities of the order of 2000-3000 W/m-K. With such a material as the wick in a heat pipe, the effective thermal conductivity of the fluid saturated wick will be significantly higher that a copper-based wick.
Animal Models of Hepadnavirus Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Animal models of hepatitis B virus infection have been valuable for determining the mechanisms of hepadnavirus replication, for studies of pathogenesis, and for investigations of viral hepatocarcinogenesis. The woodchuck model also seems to be useful in the discovery and development of antiviral drugs to treat HBV infection and for testing new forms of immunotherapy. In particular, the woodchuck seems to be ideal for studying the effect of antiviral treatment and immunotherapy on the outcome of hepadnavirus infection and on survival. The median life expectancy of experimentally infected, chronic WHV carriers is approximately 29 months, and almost all develop HCC. New types of prophylaxis or therapy can be evaluated under controlled experimental conditions, in a relevant animal model, and within a reasonable time frame.
Assessment of Gene Annotation Accuracy by Inferring Transcripts from RNA-Seq

Next generation sequencing is quickly changing long standing paradigms of genomics in terms of what is feasible to accomplish within a “research life time” and what is supposed to remain beyond limits of reliable experimental analysis. Sequencing and mapping of a prokaryote transcriptome can provide experimental validation for computationally predicted genes annotated in a prokaryotic genome. In this study we use the transcriptome sequencing to assess the accuracy of the public annotation of genes in a genome of important pathogen Bacillus anthracis. We show that the transcriptome data confirm existence of a number of genes missing in the annotation. Also, the transcriptome data indicate that pseudogenes, genes with frameshifts and in frame stop codons, do keep the transcriptional activity (while possessing a coding potential as well) and continue to present a challenge for accurate annotation.
Obtaining an FOU for a word from a single subject by an individual interval approach

Recently a simple and practical type-2-fuzzistics methodology called an Interval Approach (IA) was presented for obtaining interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2 FS) models for words using data collected from a group of subjects. There may be times, however, when a group of subjects is not available. This paper proposes a way to obtain IT2 FS models from words collected from a single subject using an IA, and is called an Individual IA (IIA). Two methods are presented for doing this. Both use end-point and uncertainty data that are collected from an individual, assume a probability distribution on each interval, map them into pre-specified T1 membership functions (MF), interpret the MFs as nine embedded T1 FSs of an IT2 FS, and then aggregate the FSs using union to obtain the footprint of uncertainty (FOU) for the word. This approach not only captures the strong points of the previously developed IA but simplifies it. Experiments show that the IIA is easy to implement and the resulting FOUs match our intuition.
A situated approach to the acquisition of shared SA in team contexts

Theories of team situation awareness (SA) differ in the information they require operators to have for effective coordination. Endsley stresses shared SA, whereas distributed SA argues that coordination involves transactive and compatible SA. We distinguish between weak and strong shared SA, and argue the latter enhances communication and increases team cohesion. Although we agree with Endsley on the importance of shared SA, we argue her account of how it is acquired exceeds the working memory capacity of individual team members. We offer an account consistent with our situated SA perspective that claims individuals off-load information to their environment whenever possible to minimise effortful internal processing. We argue that our approach, in conjunction with Pickering and Garrod's (2004, Towards a mechanistic psychology of dialogue. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, pp. 169–226) interactive-alignment model, can explain how shared SA is acquired, relying on automatic processes enacted when individua...
Clostridium botulinum Strains Producing BoNT/F4 or BoNT/F5

Botulinum neurotoxin type F (BoNT/F) may be produced by Clostridium botulinum alone or in combination with another toxin type such as BoNT/A or BoNT/B. Type F neurotoxin gene sequences have been further classified into seven toxin subtypes. Recently, the genome sequence of one strain of C. botulinum (Af84) was shown to contain three neurotoxin genes (bont/F4, bont/F5, and bont/A2). In this study, eight strains containing bont/F4 and seven strains containing bont/F5 were examined. Culture supernatants produced by these strains were incubated with BoNT/F-specific peptide substrates. Cleavage products of these peptides were subjected to mass spectral analysis, allowing detection of the BoNT/F subtypes present in the culture supernatants. PCR analysis demonstrated that a plasmid-specific marker (PL-6) was observed only among strains containing bont/F5. Among these strains, Southern hybridization revealed the presence of an approximately 242-kb plasmid harboring bont/F5. Genome sequencing of four of these strains revealed that the genomic backgrounds of strains harboring either bont/F4 or bont/F5 are diverse. None of the strains analyzed in this study were shown to produce BoNT/F4 and BoNT/F5 simultaneously, suggesting that strain Af84 is unusual. Finally, these data support a role for the mobility of a bont/F5-carrying plasmid among strains of diverse genomic backgrounds.
Time-limited treatment of hospitalized borderline patients: Considerations

Abstract Patients with a diagnosis in the spectrum of “borderline personality organization” represent a significant proportion of inpatient hospital admissions. An intensive, psychodynamically-oriented treatment environment may induce further behavioral disturbances and regressions in such patients. 1,2 Among iatrogenic elements in the therapeutic milieu, which promote ego dedifferentiation and regression, are overgratification of pathologic dependency needs by a permissive supportive staff or inexperienced trainee therapists enmeshed in a quagmire of transference-countertransference difficulties. Borderline patients are often unable to keep a part of their ego available for observation in a therapeutic or working alliance, show marked senses of entitlement, and, by primitive projective mechanisms, protect themselves from seeing the implications of their actions on others. On admission and during a hospitalization, they often present difficult diagnostic and management problems, precipitate endemic psychotic regressions among other patients, or provoke critical staff conflicts. The literature on the “borderline patient”, though clarifying dynamic issues, has tended to emphasize chronicity of the condition and the need for intensive long-term psychotherapy by highly experienced analytically oriented therapists. 3,4 However, limited hospitalization funds and an unavailability of the prescribed outpatient treatment are often issues which generate an atmosphere of therapeutic nihilism. This atmosphere should be metabolized by treatment designs that integrate theory with reality constraints, and allow borderline patients to return to the community in a more functional mode than when they entered the hospital. It is the purpose of this article to identify features important for time-limited hospital treatment of patients with borderline character pathology.
Infant temperament and cognition : activity level, information gathering and information processing.

The current study examined the temperament trait of activity level in six and nine month old infants in relation to later cognitive abilities. A comprehensive examination of activity level included parental and trained observer report, and laboratory assessment of 106 infants. Infant information processing was assessed using the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence and the Ruff block task. Intelligence scores were obtained on 88 parents as assessed by the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; midparent scores were used as a proxy for the infant s eventual score. A general factor of activity level emerged from exploratory factor analysis. An item analysis of activity level measures indicated that distinct sub-types of activity level could be identified. The potential to tap these sub-types of activity varied with the instrument used. Six and nine month activity level may be rated in distinct ways as well. The global measure of activity level was not related to cognitive abilities at any measurement point. Concurrent measures of activity level and information processing were not significantly correlated. The activity dimension of engagement with the environment was significantly related to later verbal abilities. Measures of simple motoric activity and energy level, however, were not related to cognitive abilities..
Differential rabbit eyelid conditioning: Effect of magnesium pemoline

Magnesium pemoline failed to show reliable effects upon either mixed phase (10 mg/kg) or separate phase (15 mg/kg) differential eyelid conditioning in rabbits. Excellent differential responding was observed, indicating that rabbit eyelid conditioning is a suitable technique for studying differential classical conditioning in infra-humans.
Adaptive Kalman filtering

The increased power of small computers makes the use of parameter estimation methods attractive. Such methods have a number of uses in analytical chemistry. When valid models are available, many methods work well, but when models used in the estimation are in error, most methods fail. Methods based on the Kalman filter, a linear recursive estimator, may be modified to perform parameter estimation with erroneous models. Modifications to the filter involve allowing the filter to adapt the measurement model to theexperimental data through matching the theoretical and observed covoriance of the filter innovations sequence. The adaptive filtering methods that result have a number of applications in analytical chemistry.
Reversible Photodegradation of Organic-dye-Based Random Lasers

We report on the observation of self-healing after photodegradation in several different organic-dye-doped polymer random lasers. For each material the lasing intensity is found to fully recover after the damaging beam is blocked.
NEAR MISS SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS) AND SIDS IN NEWBORN NURSERIES: NEW HOME FOR AN OLD PROBLEM?

NEAR MISS SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS) AND SIDS IN NEWBORN NURSERIES: NEW HOME FOR AN OLD PROBLEM?
Recent Developments in Patent Law (Spring 2016)

This paper summarizes the most important patent cases in the past 12 months, from May 2015 through April 2016.
Ovarian follicular maturation in women. II. Reversal of estrogen inhibited ovarian folliculogenesis by human gonadotropin.

The current study was undertaken to investigate the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in reversing estrogen-induced follicular atresia. Normal menstruating women received ethinyl estradiol (EE 2 ) 50 μ g/day orally from days 2 to 7 after the onset of menses. Concomitant intramuscular injections of 1.0ml of saline were administered to group 1, 75IU of FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) to group 2, and 150IU units of FSH and LH to group 3. Daily blood samples were obtained throughout the investigative cycle for FSH, LH, 17 β -E 2 , and progesterone. The women in group 1 had evidence of follicular atresia and a significant reduction in serum FSH and LH when compared to group 3 ( P
Construction and reconstruction of images

Image formation is the task of constructing an image of a scene when given a set of noisy data that is dependent on that scene. Possibly some prior information about the scene is also given. Image formation also includes the task of refining a prior image when given additional fragmentary or degraded information about that image. Then the task may be called image restoration. In the most fundamental problem of image restoration, one is given an image of a two-dimensional scene, but the detail of the image, in some way, is limited. For example, the image of the scene may be blurred or poorly resolved in various directions. Sophisticated signal-processing techniques, called deconvolution or deblurring , can enhance such an image. When the blurring function is not known but must be inferred from the image itself, these techniques are called blind deconvolution or blind deblurring . Problems of deconvolution are well known to be prone to computational instability, and great care is needed in the implementation of deconvolution algorithms. Another task of image construction is estimating an image from partial knowledge of some of the properties of the image. An important instance of this task is estimating an image from the magnitude of its two-dimensional Fourier transform.
Association Between Concussion and Lower Extremity Injuries in Collegiate Athletes.

Background:Concussions have been associated with elevated musculoskeletal injury risk; however, the influence of unreported and unrecognized concussions has not been investigated.Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to examine the association between concussion and lower extremity musculoskeletal injury rates across a diverse array of sports among collegiate student-athletes at the conclusion of their athletic career. The hypothesis was that there will be a positive association between athletes who reported a history of concussions and higher rates of lower extremity injuries.Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Methods:Student-athletes (N = 335; 62.1% women; mean age, 21.2 ± 1.4 years) from 13 sports completed a reliable injury history questionnaire. Respondents indicated the total number of reported, unreported, and potentially unrecognized concussions as well as lower extremity injuries including ankle sprains, knee injuries, and muscle strains. Chi-square analyses were perf...
Children’s Play and the Integration of Social and Individual Learning: A Cultural Niche Construction Perspective

In this chapter, I explore the integration of imitative and creative aspects of children’s autonomous play as a means of examining the evolved psychology for learning within a culturally constructed niche. I investigate whether children’s play tracks expected pathways of cultural transmission across a small sample of foraging and agrarian societies, and what the settings of Aka forager and Ngandu farmer children’s play reveal about the daily lived experiences that lead to culture learning—especially the role of collaborative learning across middle childhood. My cross-cultural analysis supports the hypothesis that social stratification is associated with horizontal social learning as represented by the frequency children play games. Additionally, however, a high percentage of play across the cultures analyzed represented spontaneous, creative play, indicative of a strong and universal preference for individual learning, which is conducive to innovation. My analysis of the settings of Aka forager and Ngandu farmer children’s play problematizes the idea that vertical and oblique cultural transmission is in practice the movement of information from older to younger individuals. In fact, children’s imitation of traditional (i.e., learned from adults) activities in play often occurred away from adults. These results are discussed in light of previous studies of play and cultural transmission.
Transperineal Sonography and Urodynamic Findings in Women With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms After Sling Placement

Objectives To evaluate dynamic 2-dimensional (2D) transperineal pelvic sonographic findings and urodynamic studies in women with lower urinary tract symptoms after midurethral sling placement. Methods Transperineal pelvic sonography and urodynamic studies were reviewed from women with a midurethral sling and lower urinary tract symptoms. The shape and sonographic dynamic change of the sling from the rest position to the maximum Valsalva maneuver and back to rest were recorded. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: group I, at rest, the sling lies parallel to the urethral lumen, and during Valsalva, the sling becomes C shaped; group 2, both at rest and during Valsalva, the sling runs parallel to the urethral lumen; and group 3, at rest, the sling is C shaped, and during Valsalva, this curved shape is maintained. For analytical purposes group 3 was compared with groups 1 and 2. Multiple logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between transperineal pelvic sonography and urodynamic studies. Results Seventy-seven women were enrolled. The detrusor pressure at the maximum flow rate was significantly higher in group 3 than groups 1 and 2 (mean ± SD, 36 ± 16 versus 19 ± 11 mm H2O; P 20 mm H2O) in group 3 was approximately 12 times the odds of those in groups 1 and 2. After adjusting for other variables using a multiple logistic regression analysis, a statistically significant association between group 3 and high detrusor pressure persisted (odds ratio, 29.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.949–299.6; P = .0040) persisted. Conclusions Transperineal dynamic 2D sonography can help predict women with high-pressure voiding after midurethral sling placement and aid in the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction.
Large-Scale Behavioral Phenotyping Reveals Family of Putatively Light-Activated Compounds

Psychoactive compounds have an enormous influence on our present understanding of both the animal nervous system and human mental health. For example, some of the most compelling evidence that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter hinged on the discovery of bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist today used to induce an epilepsy behavioral model. Almost all presently known psychoactive compounds were discovered through their effects on animal behavior, often incidentally. One might assume that animal behavior is an important tool for psychoactive drug discovery. However, the cost and timescale of behavioral research in rodents rules out high-throughput discovery of drugs with behavioral phenotypes. Larval zebrafish, on the other hand, show robust behavioral responses to existing psychoactive drugs and are amenable to high-throughput behavioral analysis. Zebrafish behavioral phenotypes have been used to discover new antipsychotic-like compounds that produced promising results in mouse models. Here, I report on a group of compounds discovered in a high-throughput zebrafish behavioral screen of a 10,000 compound library. These compounds appeared to potentiate dark-adapted fishes’ startle responses to bright lights. The most salient of these compounds is now published under the name ‘optovin’. Optovin proved to be a photo-activated ligand of TRPA1, a known nociceptor. By retesting the full set of hits on more individuals at a wider range of doses, I confirmed that most of the remaining optovin-related compounds cause novel visual startle phenotypes, including responses to colors of light ignored by untreated fish, hypoactivity after first exposure, and hyperactivity on contact. Chemoinformatic analysis of the compounds suggests some broad differences, but does not capture the phenotypic classification of the compounds. Dimensional reduction and clustering of behaviors based on image analysis successfully recapitulates the phenomenological differences between the compounds, suggesting that bioinformatic approaches may be able to successfully pick out interesting compounds from large behavioral screens without extensive manual analysis of the behavioral data.
Merging Outpatient Addiction and Opioid-Maintenance Programs During A Disaster: Lessons From Hurricane Sandy

OBJECTIVE After Hurricane Sandy flooded Bellevue Hospital in New York City, its opiate maintenance patients were displaced and Bellevue's outpatient program was temporarily merged with the program at Metropolitan Hospital for continuation of care. The merger forced Metropolitan to accommodate a program twice as large as its own and required special staff coordination and adjustments in clinical care. METHODS Physicians, clinicians, and administrators from both institutions participated in interviews regarding the merger. RESULTS Issues that emerged in the interviews fell into 4 major themes: (1) organization and meshing of professional cultures, (2) regulation, (3) communication, and (4) accommodations. CONCLUSIONS Despite these barriers, data collected after the merger showed high retention rates and low rates of positive urine toxicology results. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:531-537).
Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by a Homogeneous Copper Catalyst Disfavors Single-Site Mechanisms

Deployment of solar fuels derived from water requires robust oxygen-evolving catalysts made from earth abundant materials. Copper has recently received much attention in this regard. Mechanistic parallels between Cu and single-site Ru/Ir/Mn water oxidation catalysts, including intermediacy of terminal Cu oxo/oxyl species, are prevalent in the literature; however, intermediacy of late transition metal oxo species would be remarkable given the high d-electron count would fill antibonding orbitals, making these species high in energy. This may suggest alternate pathways are at work in copper-based water oxidation. This report characterizes a dinuclear copper water oxidation catalyst, {[(L)Cu(II)]2-(μ-OH)2}(OTf)2 (L = Me2TMPA = bis((6-methyl-2-pyridyl)methyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) in which water oxidation proceeds with high Faradaic efficiency (>90%) and moderate rates (33 s–1 at ∼1 V overpotential, pH 12.5). A large kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 20) suggests proton coupled electron transfer in the initial...
MagnoPark - Locating On-Street Parking Spaces Using Magnetometer-Based Pedestrians' Smartphones

In heavily congested urban areas, the rapid growth of population is becoming more and more of an issue. Affected cities quickly demand solutions to areas such as quality of life, waste management, public transportation, and accessibility to main resources. However, since the number of impacted areas of population growth is endless, we focus on public parking. Studies show that drivers spend a large portion of their travel time locating vacant parking spots. For this reason, we present MagnoPark, a crowdsourced approach to identifying unoccupied spots accessible to the general public, who are typically free. MagnoPark is a smartphone based sensing solution that detects empty parking spots using internal sensors of cellphones. While a pedestrian is walking on the sidewalk, we exploit magnetometer changes near metal objects in identifying where cars are located. The amplitude and rate of change shift dramatically when approaching or passing cars that are parked beside the street, giving us a great platform towards solving the defined problem. With empirical evaluation, we show that not only is our solution a notable step towards economical parking management but also significantly efficient and as accurate as traditional sensor- based parking solutions.
Experimental assessment of fluorescence microscopy signal enhancement by stimulated emission

The quantity of photons generated during fluorescence microscopy is principally determined by the quantum yield of the fluorescence dyes and the optical power of the excitation beam. However, even though low quantum yields can produce poor images, it is challenging to tune this parameter, while increasing the power of the excitation beam often results in photodamage. Here, we propose the use of stimulated emission (SE) as a means of enhancing both the signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio during confocal fluorescence microscopy. This work experimentally confirmed that both these factors can be enhanced by SE radiation, through generating a greater number of photons than are associated with the standard fluorescence signal. We also propose the concept of stimulated emission enhancing fluorescence (SEEF) microscopy, which employs both the SE and fluorescence signals, and demonstrate that the intensity of an SEEF signal is greater than those of the individual SE and fluorescence signals.
Clara Louisa Penney, The book called "Celestina" in the Library of The Hispanic Society of America. New York, 1954; viii + 157 pp., ilustr.

Se reseno el libro: The book called "Celestina" in the Library of The Hispanic Society of America.
Magnetic Gradient Survey of the Marpole Period Dionisio Point (DgRv-003) Plankhouse Village, Northwest Coast of North America

Architectural reconstructions of plankhouses are central to the study of household and community organization on the Northwest Coast of North America. However, the sample of substantially excavated...
Genetic predisposition to preeclampsia is conferred by fetal DNA variants near FLT1, a gene involved in the regulation of angiogenesis

Preeclampsia risk is influenced by both the mother's genetic background and the genetics of her fetus; however, the specific genes responsible for conferring preeclampsia risk have largely remained elusive. Evidence that preeclampsia has a genetic predisposition was first detailed in the early 1960s, and overall preeclampsia heritability is estimated at ∼55%. Many traditional gene discovery approaches have been used to investigate the specific genes that contribute to preeclampsia risk, but these have largely not been successful or reproducible. Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies have allowed for significant advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of many common diseases. Genome-wide association studies are predicated on the idea that the genetic basis of many common diseases are complex and polygenic with many variants, each with modest effects that contribute to disease risk. Using this approach in preeclampsia, a large genome-wide association study recently identified and replicated the first robust fetal genomic region associated with excess risk. A screen of >7 million genetic variants in 2658 offspring from preeclamptic women and 308,292 population controls identified a single association signal close to the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 gene, on chromosome 13. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 encodes soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, a splice variant of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that exerts antiangiogenic activity by inhibiting signaling of proangiogenic factors. The Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 pathway is central in preeclampsia pathogenesis because excess circulating soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 in the maternal plasma leads to the hallmark clinical features of preeclampsia, including hypertension and proteinuria. The success of this landmark fetal preeclampsia genome-wide association study suggests that well-powered, larger maternal and fetal genome-wide association study will be fruitful in identifying additional common variants that implicate causal preeclampsia genes and pathways. Such efforts will rely on the continued development of large preeclampsia consortia focused on preeclampsia genetics to obtain adequate sample sizes, detailed clinical phenotyping, and matched maternal-fetal samples. In summary, the fetal preeclampsia genome-wide association study represents an exciting advance in preeclampsia biology, suggesting that dysregulation at the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 locus in the fetal genome (likely in the placenta) is a fundamental molecular defect in preeclampsia.
Giant Negative Magnetoresistance and Other Magneto-Transport Properties in Granular Magnetic Systems

Granular magnetic solids with nanometer-sized magnetic entities exhibit unconventional transport properties. Giant magneto-transport properties, such as magneto-resistivity, Hall resistivity, and magneto-thermal conductivity recently observed in granular magnetic systems, are described.
The Impact of Perceived Toxic Leadership on Cynicism in Officer Candidates

Organizational cynicism is a key factor in employee burnout, emotional exhaustion, and turnover and directly reduces organizational citizenship behavior, commitment, and effectiveness. Still, littl...
Industrial Knowledge Graphs Workshop 2017: co-located with the 9th International ACM Web Science Conference 2017 (Preface; part of Content)

This document provides a summary of the Industrial Knowledge Graph Workshop co-located with the ACM Web Science 2017 conference held on June 25, 2017, in Troy, NY, USA
Wilks, Yorick (b. 1939)

Yorick Wilks' early contributions to computational semantics included modeling of beliefs and point-of-view of agents in human–computer interaction. These fundamental approaches were complemented by a deep and abiding interest in questions in the philosophy of mind and the relation of linguistics to artificial intelligence. Over the course of a career that has included 11 books and hundreds of papers, Wilks and his research teams have made basic contributions to a number of key areas in natural language processing. ‘Preference Semantics’ provided a foundation for his own research in processing metaphorical language and on disambiguating word senses, in turn influencing other research in these areas.
The Politics of Public Service Provision and Accountability in African Slums

In the context of weak formal institutions, high levels of ethnic diversity, and daily insecurity, why will leaders sacrifice self-interest to serve the public good? This paper addresses this question in the context of Ghanaian slums. Across Africa, scholars and policymakers point to a “leadership deficit” where African leaders - elected and non-elected, national and local - fail to serve the interests of their citizens. I argue that three important historical conditions relating to the initial settlement of a slum influences the quality of leadership -1) whether the settlement was originally squatted on illegally (squatter illegality), 2) whether it was purchased legally and settled (purchased settler), or 3) whether residents make indigenous claims to the land (indigenous). Leaders respond to modes of leadership selection, subscribe to social norms of sharing, and face reputational incentives that influence whether they make decisions that contribute to the public good. The paper proposes shifting discussions of leadership away from formal institutions to informal institutions that shape the accumulation of power in daily life.
The binuclear iron centers of uteroferrin and the purple acid phosphatases

The purple acid phosphatases comprise a group of proteins distinguished by their enzymic activity, distinctive color and, most importantly, the presence of a spin-coupled binuclear iron center. This center exists in two stable interconvertible states: pink, reduced, EPR-visible and enzymically active, with an antiferromagnetically exchanged Fe(II)-Fe(III) cluster, and purple, oxidized, EPR-silent and inert, with the binuclear pair as Fe(III)-Fe(III). In uteroferrin, the purple acid phosphatase of uterine secretions, a transient intermediate species has also been identified. Engendered by the interaction of phosphate with the pink form of uteroferrin, this transient intermediate is purple, EPR-silent and devoid of the contact-shifted proton resonances seen in its pink parent. Nevertheless, it is paramagnetic, with an Fe(II)-Fe(III) couple demonstrable by Mossbauer spectroscopy. Although considerable progress toward characterizing the properties of uteroferrin and the purple acid phosphatases has been achieved in recent years, enigmas persist. The identity of the ligands of each iron atom and how these change in nature or arrangement during redox transitions is still unknown. Perhaps most interestingly, the mechanism of enzymic activity, and the relation of the redox and enzymatic properties of the purple acid phosphatases to their yet uncertain physiological roles, remain to be established.
ABC Transporters and Their Function at the Plasma Membrane

The plasma membrane (PM) constitutes the outer boundary of the plant cell. As such, it functions in communication with the neighboring cells and with the environment. Moreover, the PM serves as the principal barrier for the small molecules that enter or exit the cell. To function in this regulatory capacity, the PM harbors a large number of transporters, channels, and carriers that provide selectivity and responsiveness to internal and external stimuli. As opposed to carriers and channels where transport is driven by chemiosmotic gradients, transporters directly utilize energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to mobilize substrates, often against the chemiosmotic membrane gradient. One group of ATP-hydrolyzing transport proteins functioning at the PM, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, will be reviewed in this chapter.
Marketing research and life cycle pricing strategies for new and remanufactured products

Unlike consumer durable goods, high technology products have shorter life cycles. Many companies launch new items at a fast rate of innovation. As a result, the latest products often compete in the same market with earlier-generation products. In addition to brand-new products, used products returned by early-adopting customers still have significant value. Returned products can be restored using the remanufacturing process and offered to other customers. Therefore, multiple generations of new products and remanufactured products can be available side-by-side in the marketplace. New products are affected by technology obsolescence, while the remanufactured products are affected by quality and technology obsolescence. The prices of each product should be adjusted according to the product value and the customer perceived value over time. This research paper discusses pricing considerations for new and remanufactured products across multiple generations. The iPhone is used as an example because it is a high-tech electronic product with a short life cycle. In this study, pricing data of the new and remanufactured products of different generations is extracted from eBay. Factors that influence pricing and interaction among these factors are identified. In addition, price trend functions with the average quality and the technology depreciation rates are proposed.
Review of Measuring the Distance between Locke and Toland by Jonathan S. Marko

A review of Jonathan S. Marko's recent book Measuring the Distance between Locke and Toland: Reason, Revelation, and Rejection During the Locke-Stillingfleet Debate (Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications).