cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is the α/β ratio for prostate cancer low?

King and Fowler (1) continue, in this issue, the discussion of the fractionation sensitivity of prostate cancer, concluding, in agreement with others (2), that the a/b ratio for this tumor is low. This leads to the hypothesis that a therapeutic benefit might be gained by judicious use of larger doses per fraction (3). The level of interest in this concept is illustrated by a published Phase I-II study (4) and a randomized trial that is in progress (5). Hypothesis-generating studies such as these usually rest on assumptions of various kinds (e.g., the linear-quadratic [LQ] model, no repopulation in prostate tumors, etc.). However, at the heart of the argument are assumptions about the relationship between the biologic effectiveness of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BT).
Relationship of Catastrophizing to Fatigue Among Women Receiving Treatment for Breast Cancer.

This study examined the relationship of catastrophizing to fatigue in 80 women receiving chemotherapy (CT) or radiotherapy (RT) for treatment of early stage breast cancer. Findings revealed expected relationships between catastrophizing and fatigue among women receiving RT but not CT. Among RT patients, those high in catastrophizing reported significantly greater fatigue than was reported by those low in catastrophizing; among CT patients, differences in fatigue based on level of catastrophizing were not significant. Likewise, catastrophizing was found to account for significant variability in subsequent reports of fatigue among RT patients but not CT patients. These findings extend research on catastrophizing beyond previously studied relationships with pain and are consistent with the view that, as the inherent symptom-producing potential of treatment decreases, psychological factors play a greater role in patients' experience of symptoms.
Reduced-state nonlinear equalization for magnetic storage

We present a nonlinear depth-limited tree search for magnetic storage. Using a discrete Volterra series description, we outline a minimum-mean-square error solution for a finite length feedforward filter and nonlinear branch metrics. Feedback is used to subtract contributions from the current decision as well as previous ones. We evaluate the probability of error by averaging over many possible error events considering the effects of a mismatched channel. The performance using a minimum phase criterion and assuming no "d-constraint" is compared with a linear and nonlinear decision feedback equalizer (DFE).
On Asymptotic Stabilizability of Discrete-time Linear Systems with Delayed Input

This paper examines the asymptotic stabilizability of discrete-time linear systems with delayed input. By explicit construction of stabilizing feedback laws, it is shown that a stabilizable and detectable linear system with an arbitrarily large delay in the input can be asymptotically stabilized by either linear state or output feedback as long as the open loop system is not exponentially unstable (i.e., all the open loop poles are on or inside the unit circle.) It is further shown that such a system, when subject to actuator saturation, is semi-globally asymptotically stabilizable by linear state or output feedback.
Cell-type specific messenger functions of extracellular calcium in the anterior pituitary.

Calcium can serve not only as an intracellular messenger, but also as an extracellular messenger controlling the gating properties of plasma membrane channels and acting as an agonist for G protein-coupled Ca2+-sensing receptors. Here we studied the potential extracellular messenger functions of this ion in anterior pituitary cells. Depletion and repletion of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]e) induced transient elevations in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), and elevations in [Ca2+]e above physiological levels decreased [Ca2+]i in somatotrophs and lactotrophs, but not in gonadotrophs. The amplitudes and duration of [Ca2+]i responses depended on the [Ca2+]e and its rate of change, which resulted exclusively from modulation of spontaneous voltage-gated Ca2+ influx. Changes in [Ca2+]e also affected GH and PRL secretion. The PRL secretory profiles paralleled the [Ca2+]i profiles in lactotrophs, whereas GH secretion was also stimulated by [Ca2+]e independently of the status of voltage...
FOLLOW‐UP OF A PSYCHOANALYTICALLY‐ORIENTED LONG‐TERM TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR SCHIZOPHRENIC INPATIENTS

This paper describes the perceived treatment environment of a unit that strongly espoused the psychoanalytic model. Six-month follow-up data indicate that symptom ratings, recidivism, and employment were indistinguishable from baseline rates. The program's emphasis on uncovering feelings and transference phenomena and its neglect of practical psychosocial problems are discussed.
Whence Malleability? Gottlieb's Ducklings, Operant Contingency, and the Social Manifold

Gottlieb’s (1991) target article represents a milestone in our understanding of the impact of social experience on developmental malleability. Interactions across the species-typical and operant behavior categories are increasingly understood to exist. The social contingencies present in the normal species-typical developmental manifold are likely powerful contributors to malleability, development, and evolution.
Observations on Population Structure, Reproduction and Molt of the Scilly Shrew

The life cycle of the Stilly shrew ( Crocidura suaveolens cassiteridum ) was analyzed from samples collected in nine trips to the Stilly Isles from January 1961 to August 1962. A considerable difference in the onset of reproduction occurred in the two years studied. In 1961 some females bred in January; young animals were trapped in March. About equal numbers of adults and juveniles were collected in May, and the latter were in a definite majority in July. Juvenile shrews were not trapped until June in 1962. In August they made up the majority of the sample. The mean embryo number of 31 pregnant females was 2.97, with a range from 1 to 5. Twenty-four per cent of the juvenile females trapped during the breeding season were pregnant or lactating. The testes in few juvenile males attained adult weights in the spring and summer. Testis regression was observed after July. Molting Crocidura were present in all but the November–December sample. Shrews showing the spring molt pattern were trapped from January to August, while those showing the fall pattern were collected from August to October. Adults were found to undergo a fall molt.
Studies on enhanced degradable plastics. III. The effect of weathering of polyethylene and (ethylene-carbon monoxide) copolymers on moisture and carbon dioxide permeability

Two enhanced-photodegradable polyethylenes were studied to determine the effect of photooxidative degradation upon transport properties. Water vapor permeability of LDPE films containing metal compound prooxidants, weathered to different extents under outdoor exposure was studied. A film made of LDPE blended with 20 wt% of polycaprolactone was also examined to determine if biodegradation over a 40-day period resulted in a measurable change in its water vapor transport characteristics. A gravimetric technique was used to study the effects of outdoor and weather-ometer exposures on the permeability of carbon dioxide of both the LDPE film and (ethylene-carbon monoxide) copolymer films. Generally, photooxidative degradation was seen to be accompanied by a change in transport characteristics of the polymer films.
Surgical management of colorectal liver metastases

O utcomes of stage IV colon cancer have improved dramatically in the past decade. In fact, overall survival rates in the subset of stage IV patients with colorectal liver metastases who undergo hepatic resection have doubled compared with pre-1992 rates. At least three single-institution studies1–3 and one multi-institutional study4 have reported a 5-year overall survival rate of 58% after resection of colorectal liver metastasis. Outcomes after resection of solitary colorectal liver metastasis are even better, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 71%.5 This extraordinary improvement in survival has occurred despite expanding criteria for resection, including multiple tumors, bilateral tumors, and larger tumors, and—among highly selected patients—the presence of extrahepatic disease. Certainly, these improvements have resulted from many factors, including better patient selection for aggressive therapy, use of modern imaging techniques, better chemotherapy, safer extensive hepatic surgery, and better perioperative care—but most importantly because care is multidisciplinary and individualized to each patient. This article summarizes the current state-ofthe-art treatment of colorectal liver metastases. It details patient selection for resection, surgical techniques including liver enhancement techniques, Surgical management of colorectal liver metastases
Response of NDVI to Climate Variability in Arid Area of Northwestern China from 1981 to 2001

The characteristics of climate variability are diverse in different area.And this variability can bring all kinds of influence to vegetation.The cognition to the characteristics and relevant analysis on vegetation response to this variability help us more deeply know the effect of global change on arid area.By means of remote sensing and statistics this paper quantitatively studies the climatic variability and the response of NDVI to it in arid area of northwestern China from 1981 to 2001 based on NOAA/AVHRR data of 21 years and the simultaneously meteorological information.The result indicates that there is a significant correlation between the NDVI value and the climate variables in the whole study area from 1981 to 2001.Especially in Xinjiang,the NDVI change is apparently affected by precipitation,temperature and their combination.And the NDVI change is positively correlative with annual total precipitation,average annual temperature and annual humidity in Xinjiang.In Hexi corridor of Gansu and the Qaidam basin of Qinghai there is no apparent change trend of NDVI and it is just the place where precipitation varies least.In arid area of northwestern China,precipitation resource is the most key factor to vegetation growth and eco-environmental construction.If only to make good use of precipitation,the sustainable development of environment,society and economy in the arid area of northwestern China can be achieved.
Pumping Well SCADA System Based on Ultra-short Wave Communication Technique

SCADA system for pumping wells is established by using wireless ultra-short wave communication technique and monitoring data of real-time transmission of well temperature, pressure and pumping unit work conditions, JP2000 ultra-short wave data transmission station is used in the primary station, ECH05302 pumping well RTU is used in secondary station of the system and related system software is also designed.
Rule-Based Modeling with Virtual Cell: Effect of UBE3A on Dendritic Spine Morphogenesis

Many biological systems are marked by an effect of combinatorial complexity, when a small number of interacting molecules can generate a large number of chemical species. One of the examples is a model for regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis that requires the ubiquitin ligase UBE3A. The degradation of the RhoA GEF Ephexin5 by UBE3A is an important step in synapse development. In Angelman Syndrome (AS), the lack of UBE3A causes an increase in Ephexin5 and a reduction of dendritic spines density. Understanding of how UBE3A concentrations affect substrate degradation is very important for understanding of dendritic spine morphogenesis. However, an E3 ubiquitin ligase must transfer a variable number of ubiquitin molecules in multiple configurations to a substrate such as Ephexin5 to enable its targeting for degradation by proteasomes. This leads to an explosion in the number of possible chemical species to consider in a model, and makes manual specification impractical.To model such systems, a rule-based modeling approach is required; the model is expressed in the form of rules capable of accounting for all the potential molecular complexes and interactions among them without explicit enumeration. Here we present a ubiquitin model implemented using a recently-introduced rule-based features of Virtual Cell modeling and simulation framework. A graphical user interface is used to specify and visualize model elements without necessity to use a scripting language. Reactions and rules are used together within the same graphical interface. Simulations are performed using both deterministic (using network generation algorithms) and stochastic (using network-free algorithm) simulation engines. This model represents a first critical step toward understanding how UBE3A expression levels are linked to dendritic spine density.
12. Dickinson's I Know Some Lonely Houses Off the Road

(1952). 12. Dickinson's I Know Some Lonely Houses Off the Road. The Explicator: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 24-25.
Geographic access to dental care varies in Missouri and Wisconsin

Objective To examine geographic access to dental providers for the general population and children with public insurance in Missouri and Wisconsin. Methods Using a newly constructed dentist office database from the American Dental Association master file and other sources, we use the two-step floating area catchment area method to calculate population to provider ratios at the census block group level. These ratios are used to determine potential geographic dentist shortage areas. We utilize street network data to estimate travel times and catchment areas between population centers and dental offices. This methodology accounts for the actual spatial distribution of dental providers and potential dental patients. Results Within and across Missouri and Wisconsin, there is some variation in geographic access to dental offices for the general population and publicly insured children. More than 90 percent of publicly insured children have access to dental providers within 30 minutes. Among the states examined, Missouri has more geographic disparities to dental care. Conclusion The Health Resources and Services Administration, which designates dental health professional shortage areas, relies on administrative boundaries to calculate population to dental provider ratios. These boundaries may not reflect actual or “real-time” dental care markets. The methods employed in this paper may give policymakers a template to better determine geographic dentist shortage areas.
The Seasonal Occurrence of the Grape Root Borer, (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in the Eastern United States

The Grape Root Borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris), (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) was trapped during 1985, 1986, and 1987 in seven, nine, and 13 eastern states, respectively, with pure (E,Z)-2,13 octad...
Optical Measurements of Transitional Events in a Mach-6 Boundary Layer

Results of aero-optical measurements of naturally occurring transitional structures—turbulent spots and second-mode wave packets—in a hypersonic laminar boundary layer are presented. Optical spectr...
Clinical Effects of Cigarette Smoking: Epidemiologic Impact and Review of Pharmacotherapy Options

Cigarette smoking—a crucial modifiable risk factor for organ system diseases and cancer—remains prevalent in the United States and globally. In this literature review, we aim to summarize the epidemiology of cigarette smoking and tobacco use in the United States, pharmacology of nicotine—the active constituent of tobacco, and health consequence of cigarette smoking. This article also reviews behavioral and pharmacologic interventions for cigarette smokers and provides cost estimates for approved pharmacologic interventions in the United States. A literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, ClinicalKey, and PubMed databases using the following headings in combination or separately: cigarette smoking, tobacco smoking, epidemiology in the United States, health consequences of cigarette smoking, pharmacologic therapy for cigarette smoking, and non-pharmacologic therapy for cigarette smoking. This review found that efficacious non-pharmacologic interventions and pharmacologic therapy are available for cessation of cigarette smoking. Given the availability of efficacious interventions for cigarette smoking cessation, concerted efforts should be made by healthcare providers and public health professionals to promote smoking cessation as a valuable approach for reducing non-smokers’ exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
A Descriptive Examination of Prisonization Through the Lens of Post-Exoneration Offending: Manuscript submission for consideration at Deviant Behavior

Prisonization, which seeks to explain criminal behavior as a function of past prison experiences, has been examined through many lenses; however more novel approaches to exploring prisonization have been lacking. This study uniquely explores the concept of prisonization by describing the post-release behavior of 118 wrongfully convicted individuals, known as exonerees.Conclusions were drawn from a dataset of exonerees and criminal history background searches. Comparative analyses show that exonerees without priors serve longer sentences and demonstrate a shorter time to failure (as measured by post-release offending). Offending among this cohort may suggest that otherwise law-abiding citizens were negatively affected by their experience in prison and, furthermore, may indirectly support the notion that being imprisoned fosters criminality in individuals. These results can support conceptual and practical advancements.
Impact-melt hygrometer for Mars: The case of shergottite Elephant Moraine (EETA) 79001

We report volatile concentrations and hydrogen isotope compositions of impact melts and minerals in EETA 79001. We observed chemical changes in pyroxene, maskelynite (or feldspathic glass), and merrillite in contact with or inside impact melts. All pyroxene grains analyzed here are inside or close to impact melt pockets and contain 10–41 ppm H_2O and enriched in D (δD=+1729 to +3707‰), with the highest values found in a grain enclosed in an impact melt pocket. Maskelynite or feldspathic glass contains 6.3 to 98 ppm H_2O with δ D values of +1604 to +3938‰. The high H_2O and δD values were obtained in those enclosed inside or in contact with the impact melts, whereas low H_2O content (4 ppm) and terrestrial-like D/H value (δ D of −90±82‰) were found in one maskelynite grain away from impact melts contains. Rims of ∼5 μm thickness of merrillite grains next to impact melts display Na-depletion by ∼0.9 wt%, and the sides in contact with impact melts show Mg-enrichment by ∼0.5 wt%. However, the H_2O and δD values of merrillite interiors (39–242 ppm H_2O and δ D of +1682 to +3884‰) do not show correlation with their proximity to the impact melts. Rather, δD and 1/H_2O of merrillite form a negative trend different from that of impact melt pockets and maskelynite, suggesting post-crystallization or late-crystallization interactions with the crustal fluids. The impact melt pockets in EETA 79001 contain 121–646 ppm H_2O, 4.3–13 ppm F, 13–50 ppm Cl, 707–2702 ppm S, and the δ D values of +3368 to +4639‰. The correlations between H_2O, F, Cl, P_2O_5, and δD values of impact melts and feldspathic glass are consistent with mixing between a volatile-rich and high δ D (+3000 to +5000‰) endmember and a volatile-poor and low δD endmember. The volatile-poor and low δD endmember is consistent with magmatic volatiles stored in silicates. The volatile-rich and high δD endmember represents pre-impact alteration materials by subsurface water. Alteration from the subsurface water, equilibrated with the present-day-like Martian atmosphere, occurred after the crystallization of the rock (∼170 Ma) and before impact launch (∼0.7 Ma). Our conclusion is different from the previous suggestion of an isotopically distinct subsurface water reservoir with a δ D value of +1000 to +2000‰ in EETA 79001. Although heterogeneous subsurface water on Mars is possible, the previous study was likely biased by a limited number of analyses (n=2) and possible terrestrial contamination. The δ D value of the subsurface source in EETA 79001 is ∼+4200‰, similar to those in the Tissint meteorite (crystallization at ∼600 Ma, impact launch at ∼0.7 Ma) and LAR 06319 (crystallization at ∼200 Ma, impact launch at ∼3 Ma), suggesting stable water chemistry for the subsurface environment in the last 600 Myrs.
Sparse Bayesian learning with multiple dictionaries

Sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) employs Gaussian priors with unknown parameters to solve an underdetermined system of linear equation. It provides comparable performance and is significantly faster than convex optimization techniques used in sparse processing. In this paper we extend SBL to process observations from multiple dictionaries when the sparse solutions have common support across dictionaries. Two solutions are presented, a multiple covariance formulation and a common covariance formulation. As an example, the multi-dictionary approach is used to estimate the direction-of-arrivals in presence of aliasing. Simulations and data from the SwellEx-96 experiment are used to demonstrate qualitatively the advantages of multi-dictionary SBL.
Alloying-induced biaxial strain in ternary alloys of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (Conference Presentation)

Alloying has served as a powerful means for tuning the non-vanishing optical bandgap of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), a family of 2D materials with optoelectronic properties covering a wide spectral window ranging from visible to near-infrared. In addition to the bandgap engineering, ‘spatial’ modulation of the composition ratio (i.e., x) in a ternary TMD alloy (e.g., MX2xX2(1-x)’; M: transition metal, X, X’: chalcogens) enables formation of lateral heterostructures with complex functionalities within the plane of 2D materials, a new asset that expands the realm of applications in which 2D materials can be incorporated. Despite several demonstrations of alloying in 2D TMDs, the phenomenologically important issue of strain development and its effect on the optical and structural properties of 2D TMD alloys is still missing. Here, we show that alloying processes induce a biaxial tensile strain that acts on the lattice of 2D TMD alloys and affect their optical properties. In addition, we show that such strain inflicts sever fracture of the alloys via formation of sub-micron-sized cracks. Our experimental characterization combined with detailed theoretical modeling suggest the important role of the Van der Waals interaction between the 2D material and the substrate in formation of the alloying-induced strain. Furthermore, we demonstrate the critical role of crystal defects in cracking of the TMD alloys, which further emphasizes the importance of high quality synthesis of 2D TMD crystals for practical applications.
Prolactin elevation with antipsychotic medications: Mechanisms of action and clinical consequences

Antipsychotic agents differ in efficacy and side effects such as movement disorders and prolactin elevation because of varying mechanisms of action. A revised nomenclature for antipsychotic agents, which categorizes the drugs according to efficacy, risk of movement disorders, and risk of prolactin elevation, is described. Prolactin elevation, a potential side effect of some antipsychotic medications, is underdiagnosed but can have serious short-term and long-term consequences. Short-term problems include menstrual irregularities, sexual dysfunction, and depression. Long-term problems related to prolactin elevation include decreased bone density and osteoporosis, relapse of psychosis because of poor compliance due to sexual dysfunction or depression, and perhaps cancer, although more research in this area is needed. Despite the serious nature of these effects, prolactin elevation is seldom detected because clinicians often fail to inquire about sexual function or other symptoms that signal that a patient's prolactin may be elevated. These are problems that patients may not bring up with clinicians unless they are asked. Therefore, when patients are taking antipsychotic medications, clinicians should regularly inquire about sexual dysfunction, depression, menstrual disturbances, galactorrhea, and gynecomastia.
The Philosophy of Nature: Goethe, Schelling, and the World Soul

This chapter focuses on the relation between Schelling’s philosophy of nature and Goethe’s theorizing of a “classical” aesthetic. The two discussed plans for a joint great poem of nature, and though they never completed it, Goethe did produce several short lyrics related to the larger project, among them “World Soul” (“Weltseele”). I argue that we can trace a direct line from the philosophy of nature to Goethe’s “World Soul,” and from there to his conception of the classical. Indeed, we cannot fully understand Goethe’s aesthetic theory, including his notion of ideal art as “spiritually organic,” without first understanding how spirit (Geist) and the organic are interrelated. To understand this relation, we must look to the philosophy of nature.
Aortic Stent Grafting

Parodi published the first series of abdominal aortic aneurysms repaired using endovascular techniques (1). Since then, the field of aortic aneurysm treatment has been revolutionized by fast technological advancements in catheter-based covered stent-grafts. In the United States, clinical studies began only a few years after Parodi’s pioneering work (2,3) and trials have progressed rapidly since then, fueled by industry support and cheered by both physicians and patients. To date, four devices have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Ancure, Guidant/EVT, Menlo Park, CA; AneuRx, Medtronics, Santa Rosa, CA; Excluder, W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ; Zenith, Cook, Bloomington, IN). One of the four (Ancure) has been withdrawn from the market by Guidant. In addition, numerous other devices are currently undergoing clinical trials. The FDA-approved devices can be used for the abdominal aorta, but ongoing trials are exploring the use of similar endovascular technologies for aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. Currently, a length of at least 15 mm for the proximal aortic neck and a 20-mm-long landing zone in the common iliac arteries away from any major named arterial branch are a prerequisite for being able to exclude an aneurysm by endovascular approaches. However, ongoing experimental techniques continue to push the frontiers of the endovascular approach by attempting to design ways in which one can maneuver around aortic branches, move them out of the way, or reconstruct stent-graft branches as part of the repair. Similarly, although currently a femoral cut-down is routinely used for endovascular aneurysm exclusion, the frontier of completely percutaneous aneurysm repair is actively being sought by numerous investigators and industry bioengineers. Currently, despite some early setbacks and still evolving technology, commercially manufactured endovascular systems are employed to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in about 50% of elective aneurysm repairs and are continuing to spread widely throughout the world (4).
Bottom-Up Scheduling with Wormhole and Circuit Switched Routing

We present a static list scheduling technique for assigning tasks of a parallel program described as a task graph onto a distributed memory multiprocessor (DMM). Our technique factors in the impact of inter-task communication delays in heuristics for processor selection and channel assignment. Unlike conventional list schedulers that schedule task graph nodes top-down, we schedule task graph nodes bottom-up to get a better estimate of the scheduling weight of a task in the face of finite communication delays [2]. In [3] and [4], we applied and evaluated our scheduler for message switched architectures for a variety of interconnection topologies. This paper describes our scheduling technique as applied to hypercube connected systems using wormhole and circuit-switched routing.
Merge Network for a Non-Von Neumann Accumulate Accelerator in a 3D Chip

Logic-memory integration helps mitigate the von Neumann bottleneck, and this has enabled a new class of architectures that helps accelerate graph analytics and operations on sparse data streams. These utilize merge networks as a key unit of computation. Such networks are highly parallel and their performance increases with tighter coupling between logic and memory when a bitonic algorithm is used. This paper presents energy-efficient on-chip network architectures for merging key-value pairs using both word-parallel and bit-serial paradigms. The proposed architectures are capable of merging two rows of high bandwidth memory (HBM)worth of data in a manner that is completely overlapped with the reading from and writing back to such a row. Furthermore, their energy consumption is about an order of magnitude lower when compared to a naive crossbar based design.
Elective infrainguinal lower extremity bypass for claudication is associated with high postoperative intensive care utilization

Abstract Background The overall use of intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States has been steadily increasing and is associated with tremendous health care costs. We suspect that the burden of ICU utilization after elective infrainguinal lower extremity bypass (LEB) procedures is high, despite relatively low risks of complications in the immediate postoperative period. We sought to identify the burden of ICU utilization after elective LEB in patients with claudication. Methods We queried the Premier Healthcare Database for all adult patients undergoing first recorded elective infrainguinal LEB for claudication from 2009 to 2015. Baseline characteristics and ICU utilization on postoperative day 0 (POD 0) were identified for each patient using Premier room and board chargemaster codes. A bivariate logistic regression was performed and postestimation concordance statistics were calculated to identify predictors of postoperative ICU vs regular surgical floor admission immediately after surgery. Results There were 6010 patients who met the selection criteria, of whom 2772 (46.1%) were admitted to the ICU and 3238 (53.9%) to the regular surgical floor on POD 0. Whereas patient-level factors were responsible for minor differences found in postoperative admission to the ICU after elective LEB, hospital characteristics made up the majority of variation in admission practices. Specifically, patients undergoing elective infrainguinal LEB in rural, nonteaching, small hospitals and those in certain geographic regions were more likely to be admitted to the ICU than to the floor (all, P Conclusions Nearly half of patients are admitted to an ICU directly after elective infrainguinal LEB for claudication. This practice is associated with significantly higher hospital cost and is predominantly influenced by hospital-level rather than by patient-level factors. Perioperative morbidity and mortality were similar regardless of postoperative disposition. To minimize ICU utilization, postoperative care intensity should be determined by clinical severity of the patient rather than by hospital routine.
Radiosynthesis of Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA), a structural analog of 99mTc(CO)3(FEDA) and new PET tracer for renal imaging and renal function assessment

1066 Objectives [99mTc]Technetium-tricarbonyl-N-fluoroethyl-iminodiacetic acid, 99mTc(CO)3(FEDA), is a promising renal tracer with a rapid clearance comparable to that of 131I-OIH, the radioactive gold standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow (JNM 2015, 56, (Suppl. 3):654). The uncharged fluoroethyl pendant group of 99mTc(CO)3(FEDA) provides a route to the synthesis of a structurally analogous rhenium-tricarbonyl 18F renal imaging agent. Successful synthesis would allow the development of 18F/99mTc renal imaging agents that have almost identical structures and are quite likely to have identical pharmacokinetic properties. The goal of this study was to develop an efficient one-step method for the preparation of structural analog, rhenium-tricarbonyl-N-[18F]fluoroethyl-iminodiacetic acid, Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA). Methods Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) was prepared by reacting the corresponding tosyl precursor, rhenium-tricarbonyl-N-ethyltosylate-iminodiacetic acid, Re(CO)3(TsDA), with [18F]fluoride ion (18F-) in anhydrous acetonitrile in the presence of K2CO3 and Kryptofix 222 at 110°C for 20 min in a chemical processing control unit (CPCU). The resulting radiolabeled product was purified by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Waters XTerra Prep RP 18 column (5 µm, 19 x 100 mm) and eluted with a mobile phase of 0.05 M triethylammonium phosphate (TEAP) buffer (pH = 7)/ethanol (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 6 mL/min. The solution of the 18F-radiotracer (pH 7) was analyzed by HPLC for stability for up to 23 h. Results The synthesized tosyl precursor has been fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods (NMR and MS). Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) was obtained by the nucleophilic substitution fluorination in the decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 18% in a total synthesis time of 120 min from end of bombardment. The purified filtered final radiotracer was formulated in a 0.05 M TEAP solution containing 10% ethanol. Quality control showed radiochemical and chemical purities above 99%. Co-injection with the standard Re(CO)3(FEDA) confirmed the identity of the radiolabeled product. The HPLC analysis of an aliquot of Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) incubated for 23 hours revealed only intact 18F radiotracer confirming its stability. Conclusions The radiosynthesis of Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) has resulted in the development of renal tracer with structural analogs that can be labeled with either 18F or 99mTc. Importantly, these analogs are likely to have identical pharmacokinetic properties. To our knowledge, the direct radiofluorination of Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) is also the first example of the incorporation of 18F into a metal-tricarbonyl complex. Research Support: NIH Grant R37 DK038842
“We cannot imagine”: US preservice teachers' Othering of trans and gender creative student experiences

Abstract Research suggests that teachers are not meeting the needs of trans and gender creative students. Thus, we ask: How do US preservice teachers (PSTs) discursively construct the experiences of trans and gender creative students? How are these constructions informed by and reinscribe broader gender normativities in educational contexts? We analyzed 549 PST authored, online discussion posts from an educational foundations course, finding PSTs lacked familiarity with, and engaged in rhetorical distancing from, trans and gender creative student experiencessuggesting barriers to empathy that may obstruct teacher-student relationships and promotion of equity, which teacher education is called to address.
Abstract P5-14-17: Musculoskeletal side effects over time and association with adherence in women taking neoadjuvant letrozole for estrogen receptor positive DCIS: CALGB 40903 (Alliance)

Background: Side effects of and adherence to aromatase inhibitors in women with ductal carcinoma in situ are not well described. Methods: Postmenopausal women in a prospective phase II study of neoadjuvant letrozole for estrogen receptor positive DCIS completed questionnaires on side effects [Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL), Brief Pain Inventory-short form (BPI-SF), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS2)], well-being (FACT-G), and adherence [Medication-Taking questionnaire] at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months (mo), and study completion. We used descriptive statistics and paired t-tests to compare 1, 3 and 6 mo results to baseline. Hierarchical linear mixed modeling, controlling for baseline symptom or well-being level, was used to examine effect of symptoms and well-being on intentional and nonintentional nonadherence, based on the Medication-Taking Questionnaire. Results: Included were 84 women, mean age 63 (39-83) years. In univariate analyses, compared to baseline, menopausal symptoms increased [physical (p=0.001 at 3, p 0.05). Lower emotional (p=0.049) and functional (p=0.002) well-being by FACT-G and higher joint pain (p=0.03) by AIMS2 were associated with higher nonintentional nonadherence; higher physical side effects of menopause (p=0.001) by MENQOL were associated with lower intentional nonadherence. Conclusions: Among women taking letrozole for DCIS, menopausal symptoms and joint pain/stiffness increased over time with most differences noted at 3 and 6 mo. Lower well-being and higher symptom levels were associated with higher nonintentional nonadherence. NCT01439711.U10CA180821, U10CA180882, UG1CA189823, Breast Cancer Research Foundation, https://acknowledgments.alliancefound.org. Citation Format: Gretchen Kimmick, Amylou C Dueck, Rebecca Shelby, Michelle Naughton, Abigail Caudle, Briant Fruth, E. Shelley Hwang. Musculoskeletal side effects over time and association with adherence in women taking neoadjuvant letrozole for estrogen receptor positive DCIS: CALGB 40903 (Alliance) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-17.
Daily physical activity and alcohol use among young adults

Evidence suggests that physical activity and alcohol use are positively related among young adults. Two studies have examined daily relations, and results have shown conflicting findings. We examined relations between physical activity and alcohol use at both within- and between-individual levels and investigated moderators of the relation at both levels. 269 college students wore accelerometers to collect physical activity data over a 2-week period. At the end of each day, they indicated whether or not they drank alcohol. Multilevel logistic regression indicated neither within- nor between-subject relations were statistically significant. Positive affect, negative affect, and drinking motives moderated these relations at the between-subject level. Contrary to previous research, we did not observe a relation between physical activity and alcohol use at the daily level. Unique features of the current study suggest next steps for future research examining the perplexing PA-alcohol relation in this population.
Same-Sex (Monogamous) Marriage v. Polygamy: Macedo’s Incomplete Sex Equality Analysis

In this essay, in the form of a review of Professor Stephen Macedo’s book, Just Married, I offer a sex equality critique of the underlying principles of the Obergefell v. Hodges decision about sex and marriage. Specifically, I use the example of polygamy, raised both in the Obergefell opinion and by Professor Macedo, to critique the assumptions about monogamous marriage that underlie the majority opinion. I explore what these assumptions reveal and conceal about sex inequality for straight and gay people. Are heterosexuality’s (read: patriarchy’s) privileges of privatized violence, economic inequality, and sexual aggression simply extended, with impunity supplied by state sanction, into gay relationships, cloaked, as they now are after Obergefell, in privacy and the romanticism of the family ideal? Obergefell, as did its precursor Lawrence v. Texas, proceeds from an assumption of sexual equality, especially in marriage, which is taken as the paradigm of consent in the heterosexual model. Why is it that proponents of marriage, generally, including of same-sex marriage, are better able to see sexual inequality in the context of a polygamous marriage but rarely acknowledge it, or acknowledge it only as exceptional, in the context of monogamous marriage? Why is the kind of scrutiny with which we approach ideas of sexual agency, emotional and physical well-being, and consent in the context of polygamy by and large absent from any mainstream academic discussion of marriage per se? In this essay, I explore and answer these questions.
The Psychology of Poverty Alleviation: Challenges in Developing Countries

In order to design, enact, and protect poverty alleviation policies in developing countries, we must first understand the psychology of how the poor react to their plight, and not just the psychology of the privileged called upon for sacrifice. This book integrates social and psycho-dynamic psychology, economics, policy design, and policy-process theory to explore ways to follow through on successful poverty-alleviation initiatives, while averting destructive conflict. Using eight case studies across Latin America, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, William Ascher examines successes and failures in helping the poor through affirmative action, cash transfers, social-spending targeting, subsidies, and regional development. In doing so, he demonstrates how social identities, attributions of deservingness, and perceptions of the policy process shape both the willingness to support pro-poor policies and the conflict that emerges over distributional issues.
The moderating effect of age on the associations of cognitive and metacognitive beliefs with pediatric OCD symptoms.

Although considerable research has highlighted the importance of cognitive and metacognitive beliefs in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there has been limited investigation of these beli...
246 Clinicopathologic and genomic correlates of tumor mutational burden and its impact on PD-(L)1 inhibition efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer according to different PD-L1 expression subgroups

Background High tumor mutational burden (TMB) and PD-L1 expression are associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients (pts) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, how TMB performs as a predictive biomarker to ICIs in different PD-L1 expression subgroups is not well characterized. Methods We collected clinicopathologic and genomic data from NSCLCs which underwent targeted NGS and TMB assessment at DFCI. An unbiased recursive partitioning (URP) algorithm was used to investigate an optimal TMB cut-off with respect to objective response rate (ORR) in the subset of pts treated with ICIs. This TMB cut-off was then validated in the prospective POPLAR/OAK cohort. Results Among 3560 NSCLCs identified, median TMB was significantly higher among current smokers compared to former (P 25%, suggesting that TMB differentially impacts response to immunotherapy among PD-L1 high versus low NSCLCs (figure 5). Conclusions The impact of TMB may vary across PD-L1 expression subgroups. Rational integration of TMB and PD-L1 expression may identify NSCLCs with the greatest likelihood of response or resistance to ICIs. Ethics Approval Clinicopathologic data were collected from patients with advanced NSCLC who had consented to a correlative research study (DF/HCC protocol #02-180).
Invertibility Conditions for the Admittance Matrices of Balanced Power Systems.

The admittance matrix encodes the network topology and electrical parameters of a power system in order to relate the current injection and voltage phasors. Since admittance matrices are central to many power engineering analyses, their characteristics are important subjects of theoretical studies. This paper focuses on the key characteristic of invertibility. Previous literature has presented an invertibility condition for admittance matrices. This paper first identifies and fixes a technical issue in the proof of this previously presented invertibility condition. This paper then extends this previous work by deriving new conditions that are applicable to a broader class of systems with lossless branches and transformers with off-nominal tap ratios.
In situ characterization of the laser-induced synthesis and photonic properties of nanostructures in a TEM

We utilized in situ laser-heating within a TEM to reveal how nanomaterials transform from amorphous precursors, and used electron spectroscopy to characterize the optical properties of these nanostructures in situ and in real time. The recrystallization, grain growth, phase separation, and solid state dewetting of AgNi films were investigated using stepwise laser heating. The experiments reveal a wealth of in situ information, including changes of composition and lattice constants during phase separation. To establish the true and dynamic structure–property relationship of nanostructures, we also characterized the photonic properties of the synthesized materials in situ. For example, the plasmon modes of metallic particles were mapped using electron energy gain induced by photon-plasmon-electron coupling. These in situ TEM studies of laser-induced heating are a valuable discovery tool for the rapid exploration of synthesis pathways and functional properties of nanostructures.
Ectopic expression of CGG-repeats alters ovarian response to gonadotropins and leads to infertility in a murine FMR1 premutation model

Women heterozygous for an expansion of CGG repeats in the 5'UTR of FMR1 risk developing fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) and/or tremor and ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). We show that expanded CGGs, independent of FMR1, are sufficient to drive ovarian insufficiency and that expression of CGG-containing mRNAs alone or in conjunction with a polyglycine-containing peptide translated from these RNAs contribute to dysfunction. Heterozygous females from two mouse lines expressing either CGG RNA-only (RNA-only) or CGG RNA and the polyglycine product FMRpolyG (FMRpolyG+RNA) were used to assess ovarian function in aging animals. The expression of FMRpolyG+RNA led to early cessation of breeding, ovulation and transcriptomic changes affecting cholesterol and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Females expressing CGG RNA-only did not exhibit decreased progeny during natural breeding, but their ovarian transcriptomes were enriched for alterations in cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis. The enrichment of CGG RNA-only ovaries for differentially expressed genes related to cholesterol processing provided a link to the ovarian cysts observed in both CGG-expressing lines. Early changes in transcriptome profiles led us to measure ovarian function in prepubertal females that revealed deficiencies in ovulatory responses to gonadotropins. These include impairments in cumulus expansion and resumption of oocyte meiosis, as well as reduced ovulated oocyte number. Cumulatively, we demonstrated the sufficiency of ectopically expressed CGG repeats to lead to ovarian insufficiency and that co-expression of CGG-RNA and FMRpolyG lead to premature cessation of breeding. However, the expression of CGG RNA-alone was sufficient to lead to ovarian dysfunction by impairing responses to hormonal stimulation.
Interprofessional Approach to Educating Medical Students on Pediatric Medication Taste and Palatability

INTRODUCTION Medication palatability is one of many factors influencing medication adherence in the pediatric population, but there is limited research into medical students’ knowledge of this relationship. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and beliefs of medical students regarding pediatric medication characteristics, administration, taste, and effect of palatability on adherence before and after an interprofessional education session. METHODS Pharmacy colleagues taught a lecture addressing pediatric pharmacology, patient cases, medication administration strategies, and methods to enhance adherence. Participants had the opportunity to taste amoxicillin, cefdinir, clindamycin, prednisolone, and ranitidine. Students completed a survey before and after the education session, and a poll during the taste test. RESULTS Prior to the session, students had very few lecture hours devoted to these topics and the majority were unfamiliar with medication flavoring and administration to children. After the session, 94% of students stated their opinion on the importance of medication palatability had changed. There was a significant improvement in students’ beliefs about their pharmacology knowledge (p