cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cannulation of Small Veins Another Approach

A technique to simplify cannulation of small, poorly visible veins is described. This technique using an Esmarch9s bandage appears to facilitate venous cannulation by increasing the caliber of the vessel and the length over which it is visible. Furthermore, the vein is palpated more readily, again, simplifying cannulation. Should cannulation be unsuccessful, however, it would be wise to release the Esmarch9s bandage as soon as possible to prevent the formation of a large subcutaneous hematoma.
Crossing the Line: Violence against Jewish Women and the New Model of Antisemitism in Poland in the 1930s

This article examines anti-Jewish violence in the Second Polish Republic through the lens of gender. By focusing on verbal and physical attacks against female Jewish students at Polish universities in the 1930s, it highlights the radicalization of the antisemitic movement among Poland’s future elite. Jewish women experienced discrimination and increasingly also violence at Polish universities as Jews and as women. The assaults suggest the need to examine both gender and Jewish differences. Although all Jewish students were targets of violent antisemitic attacks, women were especially vulnerable when they dared transgress gender boundaries by acting in “unfeminine ways” and signifying their intellectual empowerment—talking back, resisting, or defending Jewish men under attack. Indeed, Jewish women who stood up to their attackers transgressed the norms of both gender and Jewishness, and were thus doubly exposed to aggression and violence. Using the contemporary Jewish press, university archives, memoirs and testimonies, the female Jewish experience and the response of male Jewish students and community activists are reconstructed. Understanding these assaults as a window into gender politics in Jewish student associations, the Jewish press and Jewish communal institutions, the author examines their place in the public discourse of the Second Polish Republic.
Afterword: Knowledge Production, Reproduction and Shifting Borders in the Literature and Economies of the Early Modern Atlantic World

The Afterword picks up some of the common threads running through the essays in the volume: most notably, the epistemic questions of knowability and uncertainty, and the representational forms through which new economic knowledge is imagined and figured. It also explores how the logics of new economic knowledges and practices produce new conceptual frameworks for domains outside of the economic. Finally, it looks beyond the specific essays toward the relationship between knowledge and economic calculation that subtends England’s imperialist and colonial ambitions and its role in the development of the transatlantic slave trade and slave plantations in the Americas.
Ibn Sīnā's Remarks on a Khwarizmian Sound

In his study of Arabic phonetics, Asbāb ḥudūṯ al-ḥurūf (The Causes of the Genesis of the Consonants), Ibn Sīnā briefly surveys some speech sounds found in languages other than Arabic, among them one particular to Khwarizmian, an Iranian language attested primarily in glosses to Arabic manuscripts of the 13th century. This study attempts to elucidate the sound Ibn Sīnā describes both through reference to his own system of phonetic terminology and through comparison with extant material in the Khwarizmian language.
M&As, Employee Costs and Labor Reallocation

I study the impact of M&As on labor market outcomes of employees in target firms. Using a matched employer-employee dataset linked with hand-collected data on M&A activity in Brazil, I estimate the magnitudes of employee costs and document the underlying sources of earnings changes in the post-merger period. I find that M&As are associated with large and persistent earnings declines for employees in target firms, which are largely explained by employment losses from displacement and wage losses from reallocation. Declines in employer wage premiums in the post-merger period account for the majority of wage losses, with 47% of displaced employees transitioning to lower-wage firms. Finally, I provide evidence that the effects are concentrated on employees with lower skills, and increase with the level of firm-specific human capital. Taken together, my findings imply that the personal costs of M&As to employees are large and long-lasting, and highlight the role of displacement and loss of firm-specific wage premiums as the primary contributing factors of earnings declines in the post-merger period.
Acculturation and Hypertension Diagnoses Among Hispanics in California

Among U.S. Hispanic immigrants and all other Hispanics living in the USA, heart disease is the leading cause of death. Meanwhile, the prevalence of hypertension among Mexican Americans, a subgroup of the U.S. Hispanic population, is rising. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension diagnosis and to determine the association between acculturation and hypertension among Mexican Americans and Other Hispanics in California. Using data from the 2014 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), we performed multivariable logistic regression to identify whether acculturation (measured by self-reported duration of U.S. residence) predicted hypertension diagnoses, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, poverty level), body mass index, health insurance coverage, and cigarette smoking. Of 3793 Hispanics who participated in the survey, 81.8% were Mexican Americans, and 18.2% were Other Hispanics. The prevalence of hypertension among Hispanics was 24.0% (95% CI: 21.5–26.7), which was lower than that of African Americans (40.3%, 95% CI 34.2–46.7) and Whites (31.8%, 95% CI: 29.7–34.0). In the multivariable regression analysis, acculturation was associated with hypertension for Mexican Americans (aOR = 1.71, 95% CI, 1.24–2.36) and Other Hispanics (aOR = 2.77, 95% CI, 1.71–4.51). The results show a positive association between acculturation in the USA and hypertension diagnoses among Mexican Americans and Other Hispanics. The findings can help public health practitioners, medical providers, policymakers, and others better understand the potential influences of acculturation on Hispanic immigrants’ health and inform the creation of culturally sensitive health promotion materials.
Intriguing Deformation Transition Behavior of Lithium Disilicate Crystal

We report an intriguing anisotropic deformation behavior of lithium disilicate crystal under tensile loadings via molecular dynamics simulations. The crystal undergoes clear brittle cleavage in the [010] direction, while exhibiting a first-order transition with the critical stress of around 8 GPa in the [100] direction. The transition is exclusively facilitated by local Li-O bond breakage spreading to the whole sample. This hierarchical deformation mechanism enables overall structure integrity while undergoing large degrees of deformation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation on this intriguing deformation behavior that might inspire new designs of tougher lithium disilicate glass-ceramics.
Content and Functionality of United States Medical School Websites

Introduction Most medical school applicants use the internet as a source of information when applying for medical school. Previous analyses have evaluated residency and fellowship websites; however, an in-depth analysis of medical school websites is lacking. Methods We evaluated 192 United States (US) medical school websites for presence or absence of 39 items relevant to medical school applicants. Items fell into seven general categories: curriculum, research, demographics of incoming class, admissions information, faculty, financial aid, and social. Results Of the 192 websites evaluated (152 allopathic and 40 osteopathic schools), websites contained a mean of 23 items (59%) with a standard deviation of 4.2 items. Conclusion Our study examining US medical school websites revealed a lack of online information for medical school applicants. As medical school interviews transition to being online during the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of the medical school website to applicants becomes increasingly crucial. The information contained in our study could be used to improve the functionality and quality of information on medical school websites, which could help both applicants and the medical schools themselves.
Maternal morbidity and mortality associated with epilepsy.

Prior research demonstrated large increased risk for maternal mortality among women with epilepsy. The objective of this study was to estimate risk for adverse maternal outcomes during delivery hos...
A Multi-omics Strategy Enabled by Sequential Metabolomics and Proteomics for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have shown immense promise for patient-specific disease modeling, cardiotoxicity screening, and regenerative therapy development. However, hPSC-CMs in culture have not recapitulated the structure or functional properties of adult CMs in vivo thus far. To gain global insight into hPSC-CM biology, we introduce a multi-omics strategy for analyzing the hPSC-CM metabolome and proteome from the same cell culture, creating multi-dimensional profiles of hPSC-CMs. Here we developed a sequential extraction to capture metabolites and proteins from hPSC-CM monolayer cultures, and analyzed these extracts using high resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Using this strategy, we identified an average of 205 metabolites/lipids and 4,008 protein groups from 106 cells with high reproducibility. We further integrated the proteome and metabolome measurements to create network profiles of molecular phenotypes for hPSC-CMs. Out of the 310 total pathways identified using metabolomics and proteomics data, 40 pathways were considered significantly overrepresented (FDR-corrected p [≤] 0.05). Highly populated pathways included those involved in protein synthesis (ribosome, spliceosome), ATP generation (oxidative phosphorylation), and cardiac muscle contraction. This multi-omics method achieves deep coverage of metabolites and proteins, creating a multidimensional view of the hPSC-CM phenotype. This strategy can be used to generate biological hypotheses and identify biomarker candidates to advance the understanding of hPSC-CM differentiation and maturation.
The Regulation of Foreign Platforms

In August 2020, the Trump Administration issued twin executive orders banning tech platforms TikTok and WeChat from the United States. These were not the first actions taken against Chinese tech platforms, but more than any others, the ban on TikTok sparked immediate outrage, confusion, and criticism. This Article offers a framework for thinking about national security restrictions on foreign tech platforms. A growing body of important scholarship connects tech platforms to “regulated industries,” “infrastructure industries,” and “public utilities” and draws on principles from them to show how the regulation of tech platforms is not only viable but also has significant precedents and pedigree. Firms in these sectors — banking, communications, transportation, and energy — have long been subject to distinct and comprehensive regulatory regimes because they raise political economy concerns that are unlike those of ordinary tradable goods and services. In many of these sectors, there has also been a long and continuing history of legal restrictions on the foreign ownership, control, and influence of platforms — something that may be surprising, given the contours of the contemporary debate on tech platforms. “Tech neoliberals” object to placing any restrictions on foreign tech platforms because regulations would threaten the open internet. “National security technocrats” advocate for a case-by-case assessment of dangers, narrowly tailored mitigation measures, and audits to ensure compliance. Both of these dominant paradigms suffer from a variety of conceptual and practical problems, and neither take foreign tech platforms seriously as platforms, akin to platforms in other sectors. This Article tells the history of restrictions on foreign platforms in traditional regulated industries, critiques the dominant paradigms in the debate over foreign tech platforms, and offers an alternative — platform democracy. The platform democracy approach recognizes that democratic control of platforms is important and legitimate, given their distinctive political economy. Taking lessons and strategies from the history of platform restrictions, it suggests focusing on sectors before specific firms and applying structural separations rather than complex formulae for preventing national security harms. The platform democracy approach would also require efforts at international interconnection and domestic public investments.
Restorative justice in sports: does restorative justice have a place in anti-doping governance?

Current policies and practices of anti-doping regulators present athletes as an inherent risk population in need of increased surveillance, testing, and punishment. The myriad rules and regulations...
The Constitutional Case for State Power to Eliminate Faithless Electors

This Note proceeds in three parts. Part I outlines the process of appointing presidential electors and state legislatures’ control over that process as prescribed in the text of the U.S. Constitution and as interpreted by the Supreme Court. It also describes the historical and modern landscape of state laws that purport to bind electors to specified presidential and vice-presidential candidates. Part II then analyzes legal challenges by 2016 presidential electors of state binding laws. Lastly, Part III argues that state binding laws are constitutional because presidential electors are state officers and state’s exercise plenary authority over the duties of state officers as well as the grounds for their removal. It also proposes an alternative, pre-appointment enforcement mechanism for ensuring faithful electors should the Supreme Court declare modern binding laws to be unconstitutional under the theory that state legislatures’ power over electors ceases following electors’ appointments. By delaying elector appointment until after an elector’s ballot is marked but before the ballot is cast, state legislatures can constitutionally bind electors pursuant to legislatures’ plenary authority over elector appointment. A condensed version of this paper, primarily Part III, is published at 100 B.U. L. Rev. Online 23 (2020).
Ensemble of Multi-time Resolution Recurrent Neural Networks for Enhanced Feature Extraction in High-Rate Time Series

Systems experiencing high-rate dynamic events, termed high-rate systems, typically undergo accelerations of amplitudes higher than 100 g in less than 10 ms. Examples include adaptive airbag deployment systems, hypersonic vehicles, and active blast mitigation systems. Given the critical functions of such systems, accurate and fast modeling tools are necessary for ensuring the target performance. However, the unique characteristics of these systems, which consist of (1) large uncertainties in the external loads, (2) high levels of nonstationarities and heavy disturbances, and (3) unmodeled dynamics generated from changes in system configurations, in combination with the fast-changing environment, limit the applicability of physical modeling tools. In this chapter, a neural network-based approach is proposed to model and predict high-rate systems. It consists of an ensemble of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with short-sequence long short-term memory (LSTM) cells which are concurrently trained. To empower multi-step-ahead predictions, the input space for each RNN is selected individually using principal component analysis that extracts different resolutions on the dynamics. The proposed algorithm is validated on experimental data obtained from a high-rate system. Results showed that this algorithm significantly improves the quality of step-ahead predictions over a heuristic approach in constructing the input spaces.
Phosphorus‐Enriched Hemodialysis for the Treatment of Hypophosphatemia in a Patient with Severe Lithium Poisoning

Severe lithium poisoning requires intensive and prolonged hemodialysis (HD) treatment in addition to supportive therapy. Aggressive dialytic therapy can bring about hypophosphatemia, especially, in those patients who are normo- or hypophosphatemic to begin with. We report here the use of phosphorus (P)-enriched HD in a hypophosphatemic patient with lithium poisoning. A 58-year-old woman with a long history of bipolar disorder treated with chronic lithium therapy presented with progressively worsening confusion and incoherent speech. She was noted to be confused with a labile mood. The serum levels were lithium 3.6 mM, creatinine 1.7 mg/dL, Na 136 mM, K 4.2 mM, CO2 21 mM, BUN 23 mg/dL, and P 2.1 mg/dL. After a conventional, 4-h HD session, she became more hypophosphatemic with a P level of 1.8 mg/dL. A P-enriched dialysate, prepared by adding a Fleet® oral saline laxative preparation (containing NaH2PO4.H2O and Na2HPO4.7H2O) to the “base concentrate” of a dual concentrate, bicarbonate-based dialysate generating system to obtain a final dialysate containing 3 mg (0.97 mM) of P/dL was used. She underwent 3 subsequent HD sessions using this P-enriched dialysate, followed by normalization of the serum levels of both lithium and P. Our data suggest that hypophosphatemic patients suffering from severe lithium poisoning requiring intensive HD therapy and becoming more hypophosphatemic as a result of the dialysis treatment can be further dialyzed with a P-enriched dialysate both to treat the lithium poisoning and to rectify the hypophosphatemia. In general, the use of such dialysates can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of dialysis-induced hypophosphatemia. Day Length of HD (h) Lithium level predialysis (mM) Lithium level postdialysis (mM) P level in the final dialysate (mg/dL) Serum P level postdialysis (mg/dL) 1 4 (1st session) 3.4 0.87 0 1.8 4 (2nd session) 1.53 0.59 3 3.0 2 4 (3rd session) 1.13 0.59 3 3.3 3 4 (4th session) 0.69 0.52 3 3.4
Bringing Down the House to Add a (Nice) Room

Deflecting Immigration . Networks, Markets, and Regulation in Los Angeles. By Ivan Light . Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 2006. 262 pp. $35. ISBN 9780871545381. Exploring the fates of immigrants in late 20th-century Los Angeles, the author argues that local enforcement of employment and housing standards has encouraged newcomers to go elsewhere in the United States.
Proton relaxation and kinetic studies of ternary complexes of an allosteric pyruvate kinase from yeast.

Abstract The ternary complexes of Mn2+-yeast pyruvate kinase formed upon addition of substrates, products, and the activator fructose 1,6-diphosphate were investigated by proton relaxation rate measurements and kinetic studies. As with the muscle enzyme, the enhancement values of the ternary complexes of the yeast enzyme (et) were all less than that of the binary enzyme-Mn2+ complex (eb) suggesting the formation of enzyme-metal-substrate bridge complexes. With the yeast enzyme, ATP binds 13 times more tightly than ADP and et (ADP) l et (ATP). The latter finding indicates conformational changes in addition to water replacement on the enzyme-bound Mn2+. The et (P-enolpyruvate) with the yeast and muscle enzymes are indistinguishable suggesting a similar environment for Mn2+ in the P-enolpyruvate ternary complex. The allosteric activator fructose 1,6-diphosphate has no effect on et (P-enolpyruvate) with yeast pyruvate kinase, but causes a 3-fold decrease in the dissociation constant, in agreement with kinetic data. The dissociation constant (K2) of MnATP is seven times lower than its kinetic inhibition constant (Ki), consistent with either multiple modes of binding of ATP or an ordered dissociation of products with ATP preceding pyruvate. Similarly the dissociation constant for ADP was an order of magnitude lower than its Michaelis constant arguing against a rapid equilibrium random kinetic scheme. Fructose 1,6-diphosphate has little or no effect on the binding of ADP as observed kinetically or by water proton relaxation rate measurements. The homotropic effect of ADP observed kinetically at low Mn2+ concentration is abolished, however, by high concentration of Mn2+ or by the combined interaction of Mn2+ and P-enolpyruvate. Fructose 1,6-diphosphate abolishes the homotropic effect of P-enolpyruvate and decreases the dissociation constant of yeast pyruvate kinase for both P-enolpyruvate and pyruvate but not for FPO32-. It is suggested that the allosteric activator functions primarily by modifying the carboxyl subsite of P-enolpyruvate and thereby raises the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate.
Medical Malpractice Arbitration Act: Michigan's Experience with Arbitration

In the 1970's, Michigan and other states were confronted with a medical malpractice crisis of astronomical proportions. The escalating number of medical malpractice lawsuits and concomitant increase in malpractice premiums for health care providers fostered a divisive climate among doctors, lawyers and patients. In response to this crisis, the Michigan legislature enacted the Medical Malpractice Arbitration Act. The Act establishes a process whereby patients may agree to arbitrate any claims rather than pursue them through the courts. Part II of this Article discusses the historical evolution of arbitration as a precursor to its establishment as a resolution modality for health care disputes. Part III describes the statutory framework of the Michigan Medical Malpractice Arbitration Act. Part IV discusses the contractual and constitutional challenges to the arbitration statute and their resolution in Morris v. Metriyakool. As the law respecting arbitration becomes less vulnerable to judicial perforation, this Author suggests that other jurisdictions treat the Michigan Medical Arbitration Program as an archetype, susceptible to replication.
Adaptive nulling with spherical arrays using a genetic algorithm

Spherical arrays are arrays that conform to the surface of a sphere. One approach to a spherical array layout is to mold a planar array to the surface of a sphere (spherical-planar array). Another approach is to create circular arrays about the spherical surface (spherical-circular array). This paper presents an approach to adaptive nulling with either type of spherical array using a genetic algorithm. Amplitude and phase adaptive nulling with a genetic algorithm generates deeper and faster nulls than phase-only nulling. A genetic algorithm is used to place a null at the sidelobe of two types of spherical arrays. The 16/spl times/6 element, 256 elements, rectangular grid half wavelength spaced spherical planar array, and the spherical-circular array with same number of elements as the spherical-planar array are simulated and compared.
E-mail and Instant Messaging

At the core of human interaction is communication. Long before electrical waves were harnessed for message transmission, humankind developed ways to transmit and receive messages in two primary forms. Individuals needed ways to communicate “in the moment” or synchronously with both parties present. They also developed ways to communicate over time, or asynchronously, so that messages could transcend time. In the age of the Internet, this type of communication has taken the form of instant messaging, or IM, for synchronous communication, and electronic mail, or e-mail, for asynchronous communication. In 2001, e-mail, in the general form that we know today, celebrated its 30th birthday with 9.8 billion messages sent daily and rising steadily. In the same year, three out of four online teens said they used instant messaging. This chapter explores the history of these two forms of electronic communication, explores the underlying technology that makes each possible, considers the social and cultural impact of each of these technologies, and considers the future of these means of communication. This chapter assumes a basic knowledge of networking terminology. The specifics of the networking protocols used can be found elsewhere in this encyclopedia. Keywords: asynchronous communication; electronic communication; instant messaging (IM); post office protocol (POP); simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP); synchronous communication
A FEMALE-SPECIFIC LETHAL LESION IN AN X-LINKED POSITIVE REGULATOR OF THE DROSOPHILA SEX DETERMINATION GENE, SEX-LETHAL

Characterization of a partial-loss-of-function, female-specific lethal mutation has identified an X-linked genetic element (1-34.3; 10B4) that functions as a positive regulator of Sxl, a central gene controlling sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster. The name, sisterless-a, was chosen both to suggest functional similarities that exist between this gene and another positive regulator of Sxl, the maternally acting gene daughterless (da), and also to highlight an important difference; namely, that in contrast to da, it is the zygotic rather than maternal functioning of sis-a that is involved in its interaction with Sxl. As with da, the female-specific lethal phenotype of sis-a is suppressed both by SxlM#1, a gain-of-function mutant allele of the target gene, and, to a lesser extent, by a duplication of Sxl+. Mutations at sis-a, da and Sxl display female-specific dominant synergism, each enhancing the others' lethal effects. The allele specificity with respect to Sxl of these dominant interactions indicates that sis-a and da affect the same aspect of Sxl regulation. As with previous studies of da and Sxl, the masculinizing effects of loss of sis-a function are generally obscured by lethal effects, presumably related to upsets in dosage compensation. The masculinizing effects can be dissociated from lethal effects by analysis of triploid intersexes (XX AAA) or by analysis of diploid females who are also mutant for autosomal genes known to be required for the transcriptional hyperactivation associated with dosage compensation in males. Analysis of foreleg development shows that intersexuality generated by sis-a is of the mosaic type: At the level of individual cells, only male or female development is observed, never an intermediate sexual phenotype characteristic of true intersexes. Sexual development of diplo-X germline and somatic clones of sis-a tissue generated by mitotic recombination during larval stages is normal, as is the sexual phenotype of homozygous sis-a escapers. Considered in their totality, these results indicate that sis-a functions early in development to help establish the activity state of Sxl and thereby initiate the sexual pathway commitment, rather than functioning later in the processes by which Sxl maintains and expresses the sex determination decision.
Calibration results for first NIF Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has been developing a novel X-ray imager for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) utilizing Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror geometry. A fully assembled mirror pack contains four KB optic pairs featuring cylindrical mirrors with custom-designed multilayer coatings. Multiple interchangeable mirror packs have been commissioned for various experimental campaigns, with high spatial resolution ( μ m) at the center of the field of view and 12× magnification. Tight tolerances on the grazing angles of the X-ray mirrors require precision alignment and assembly of each component via a coordinate measuring machine, and a comprehensive off-line calibration of the four KB channels at X-ray wavelengths. The main goals of the calibration campaign are to measure the performance of the multilayer, validate the assembly procedure by measuring the as-built spatial resolution and determine the best object to mirror pack distance (drive depth) of the microscope for fielding at NIF. We report on the results of this effort on the first fully assembled NIF KB X-ray imager.
Modulation of phage Mu repressor DNA binding and degradation by distinct determinants in its C‐terminal domain

Rapid degradation of the bacteriophage Mu immunity repressor can be induced in trans by mutant, protease-hypersensitive repressors (Vir) with an altered C-terminal domain (CTD). Genetic and biochemical analysis established that distinct yet overlapping determinants in the wild-type repressor CTD modulate Vir-induced degradation by Escherichia coli ClpXP protease and DNA binding by the N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD). Although deletions of the repressor C-terminus resulted in both resistance to ClpXP protease and suppression of a temperature-sensitive DBD mutation (cts62), some cysteine-replacement mutations in the CTD elicited only one of the two phenotypes. Some CTD mutations prevented degradation induced by Vir and resulted in the loss of intrinsic ClpXP protease sensitivity, characteristic of wild-type repressor, and at least two mutant repressors protected Vir from proteolysis. One protease-resistant mutant became susceptible to Vir-induced degradation when it also contained the cts62 mutation, which weakens DNA binding but apparently facilitates conversion to a protease-sensitive conformation. Conversely, this CTD mutation was able to suppress temperature sensitivity of DNA binding by the cts62 repressor. The results suggest that determinants in the CTD not only provide a cryptic ClpX recognition motif but also direct CTD movement that exposes the motif and modulates DNA binding.
Aquele que volta

Despite constant announcements of its death, postmodernism will not be finally laid to rest until we pass beyond late capitalism. Postmodernism is best understood in the plural, as comprising all the various and competing discursive and artistic responses to postmodernity. Postmodernity is the social and cultural situation and structure of experience and feeling characteristic of late capitalist life in the highly developed post-imperial countries and regions (especially the USA, western Europe, and Japan). Major categories of response to it include postmodernisms of play and resistance, as well as anti-postmodern postmodernism. This essay describes late capitalism and postmodernity and anatomizes and contrasts the three kinds of postmodernism. The postmodernism of play or “high” postmodernism includes such phenomena as deconstruction and skepticism toward grand narratives; metafiction; pop art; the pastiche architecture of Michael Graves; films by Spike Jonze and Baz Luhrmann. Postmodernism of resistance is that of the post-1968 Left and of historiography and criticism, art and literature that seek to dismantle official histories and canons and recover the stories of previously erased minorities. Anti-postmodern postmodernisms include discourses ranging across the political and artistic spectrum that favor a return to modernism or to traditional metanarratives in response to postmodernity.
Equivariant bifurcation analysis of localized patterns in excitable media

Abstract Localized disk-shaped solutions of reaction-diffusion equations can stabilize into a pulsating disk pattern or a steady-state elliptical pattern. A bifurcation analysis of this mode interaction reveals the presence of mixed modes, quasiperiodic oscillations, frequency locking, as well as various global bifurcations that may lead to observable chaotic dynamic.
Money, growth, and the stability of the steady state under myopic perfect foresight

Abstract The stability of a monetary growth model is demonstrated. It differs from the standard two- asset model in the presence of interest bearing government debt, the endogenous determination of the money supply and an investment function that is sensitive to interest rates and disposable income.
An appraisal of different cardiac risk reduction strategies in vascular surgery patients.

Abstract Objectives: to summarize existing evidence regarding the benefits and the risks of all available interventional and medical means aimed at cardiac risk reduction in patients undergoing vascular surgery. Design: review of the literature. Materials and Methods: a critical review of all studies examining the impact of various prophylactic cardiac maneuvers on perioperative outcome following vascular surgery was performed. Overall mortality, cardiac mortality and myocardial infarction rate were used as the outcome measures. Results: coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with a 60% decrease in perioperative mortality in patients undergoing vascular surgery, but in most of the cases this decrease does not outweigh the combined risk of the cardiac and the subsequent noncardiac vascular procedure. Data supporting the cardioprotective effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the perioperative setting are insufficient. β-blockade has been shown to decrease perioperative mortality and cardiac morbidity in both high-risk (strong evidence) and low-risk (weak evidence) patients. Conclusions: coronary revascularization is rarely indicated to simply get the patient through vascular surgery and should be reserved for patients who would need it irrespective of the scheduled vascular procedure. Among all available pharmacological agents, including β-blockers, α-agonists, calcium channel blockers and nitrates, only β-blockers have been proven to reduce the cardiac risk of vascular surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 25, 493-504 (2003)
Raman Spectrum of Chloromethyl Thiocyanate

The liquid-state Raman spectrum was obtained for chloromethyl thiocyanate. The previously unobserved C-S-C bending band was observed at 188 cm−1. The Raman spectrum supports the conclusion that onl...
The Development of the Latino Social Work Profession in Los Angeles

This article examines the development of the Latino social work profession in the Los Angeles, California, area using an organizational case study. More specifically, the article will focus on the Mexican American/Chicano experience of community organizing and its relevance to the development of the Latino social work profession in the greater Los Angeles area. First, a sociohistorical perspective of the development of the Latino social work profession in the southwestern United States will be presented from its community-organizing roots. Second, vis-a-vis an organizational case study (encompassing a community mental health service and training center, Trabajadores de la Raza, and Latino social work student caucuses), the author will discuss the successes and challenges of the Latino social work profession as we enter the new millennium.
Characterization of vaccinia virus DNA replication mutants with lesions in the D5 gene.

The vaccinia virus D5 gene encodes a 90 kDa early protein that is essential for viral DNA replication. In this report we map and explore the phenotypes of the temperature sensitive mutants bearing lesions in this gene:ts17,ts24,ts69, (WR strain) andts6389 (IHD strain). Viral DNA synthesis was virtually undetectable during non-permissive infections performed withts17, and incorporation of3H-thymidine ceased rapidly when cultures were shifted to the non-permissive temperature in the midst of replication. The D5 protein may therefore be involved in DNA synthesis at the replication fork. The lesions of the four mutants were localized within the D5orf by marker rescue, and the single nucleotide changes responsible for thets phenotype of the three WR mutants were identified. Unexpectedly, the three alleles with N-terminal mutations were impaired in marker rescue when homologous recombination with small (<2 kb), intragenic DNA fragments at 39.5°C was required. This deficiency was not due to degradation of transfected DNA under non-permissive conditions. Efficient marker rescue could be restored by incubation at the permissive temperature for a brief period after transfection, suggesting a requirement for functional D5 in genome/plasmid recombination. Marker rescue under non-permissive conditions could alternatively be restored by co-transfection of unlinked but contiguous DNA sequences.
Development of infectious recombinant BK virus

The polyomavirus, BK virus (BKV) infects the majority of humans early in life, establishing persistent asymptomatic infections in immunocompetent individuals. The small size and non-redundant nature of the viral genome presents a challenge in developing recombinant BKV (rBKV). A strategy is described for engineering rBKV by fusing sequences coding for foreign polypeptides via the self-processing 2A peptide in frame to the BKV agnoprotein or VP2 capsid protein genes. This novel approach aims to minimize alterations to native BKV polypeptide sequences and expression, potentially allowing maintenance of viral viability. To test this concept, a panel of rBKV was constructed that express either enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), or different forms of the HIV-1 Gag polypeptide under control of the native BKV late transcriptional unit, and with appropriate self-processing. Although most of these rBKV proved to have stability issues, such approaches may have utility as reporter viruses or as gene delivery vectors.
The Creep Testing Apparatus (CRETA): A New Testing Device for Measuring the Viscoelasticity of Joint Sealant

A new device, the Creep Testing Apparatus (CRETA), has been developed for use in determining the viscoelastic properties of joint sealant. Creep tests were conducted on two types of silicone sealant: self-leveling (SL) and non-self-leveling (NS). The results appear to indicate that the silicone sealant tested is a linear viscoelastic material and that its creep response does not appear to be sensitive to temperature variations from 0 °C to 60 °C. Further creep tests were conducted under artificial aging conditions. Hot water aging appears to cause both SL and NS sealant to become softer and more ductile. Freeze-thaw aging did not appear to have an effect on the viscoelastic properties. Oven aging did not appear to affect SL sealant, but it did cause NS sealant to become stiffer. These results might be useful in a long-term joint performance model.
Effect of cholecystokinin, gastrin, secretin and GIP on sham feeding in the rat.

Abstract The satiating potency of impure cholecystokinin (CCK) and of its synthetic octapeptide (CCK-8) were compared in sham feeding rats. The precent inhibition of sham intake and the incidence of resting behavior, a behavioral marker of postprandial satiety, were a function of the intraperitoneal dose of impure CCK and CCK-8. When the doses required to produce 50% inhibition of sham feeding were compared, impure CCK was about 5 times as potent as CCK-8. CCK-8 was about twice as potent for satiety during slow intravenous infusions than after intraperitoneal injections. This demonstrates that the satiety effect is not dependent on transient high, circulating levels that can occur after intravenous or intraperitoneal injections. Under the same test conditions, three other gut hormones, gastrin, secretin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide, had no significant satiety effect. The failure of these hormones to produce satiety demonstrates the relative specificity of the CCK satiety effect. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that intestinal CCK mediates at least part of the postprandial satiety effect of food in the small intestine.
Reusable adsorbents for dilute solution separation. 1. Adsorption of phenanthrene on surfactant-modified alumina Kalliat

Activated γ-alumina surface was modified by adsorption of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) from the aqueous phase. Typical S-shaped isotherms of surfactants on mineral oxides were observed for the adsorption of SDS on alumina. The formation of surfactant aggregates (hemi-micelles) on the surface made the alumina hydrophobic and increased the capacity of the oxide surface for an organic compound, namely, phenanthrene (PHE). The sorption of phenanthrene was directly related to the concentration of surfactant adsorbed. The partitioning of phenanthrene normalized to the adsorbed surfactant concentration was independent of pH. The linear sorption constant for a number of organic compounds was correlated to the octanol-water partition constant and activity coefficient in water, which are indicators of compound hydrophobicity. It is suggested that the ability to easily regenerate a modified alumina surface could be exploited in using it for wastewater treatment of contaminants at dilute concentrations.
Mutagenicity of the 1-nitropyrene-DNA Adduct N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene in Mammalian Cells

The mutagenesis of the major DNA adduct N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene (C8-AP-dG) formed by 1-nitropyrene was compared with the analogous C8-dG adducts of 2-aminofluorene (AF) and N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) in simian kidney (COS-7) cells. The DNA sequence chosen for this comparison contained 5′-CCATCGCTACC-3′ that has been used for solution NMR investigations. The structural and conformational differences among these lesions are well-established [Patel, D. J.Mao, B.Gu, Z.Hingerty, B. E.Gorin, A.Basu, A. K.Broyde,S. (1998) NMR solutionstructures of covalent aromatic amine-DNA adducts and their mutagenicrelevance. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11, 391–407.]. Accordingly, we found a notable difference in the viability of the progeny, which showed that the AAF adduct was most toxic and that the AF adduct was least toxic, with the AP adduct exhibiting intermediate toxicity. However, analysis of the progeny showed that translesion synthesis was predominantly error-free. Only low-level mutations (<3%) were detec...
The role of surface wax in susceptibility of plants to air pollutant injury

The relationship between quantity of epicuticular wax and plant sensitivity to hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas was investigated using 8-, 12-, and 16-day-old Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants exposed for 20 min to 27.6 ± 3.9 mg HCl∙m−3. Twelve-day-old plants were more sensitive than 8- or 16-day-old plants and possessed the lowest mean surface wax quantity. Multiple regression analysis showed that surface wax quantity was negatively linearly related to percent of leaves glazed. Necrotic injury was also negatively correlated with surface wax quantity, but to a lesser degree than glazing. Chamber temperature also affected the amount of necrotic injury incurred. Plant age and HCl concentration did not contribute to the observed variation in any of the injury variables in the regression analysis.The results of this study support the hypothesis that cuticular resistance, which is influenced by the amount of epicuticular wax, is a major factor influencing leaf glazing due to gaseous HCl. Since necrotic injury was affect...
The influence of public open space on urban spatial structure

Abstract There is widespread public support for open space provision and for efforts to limit sprawl. We demonstrate that open space policies should not be viewed as independent of—or necessarily compatible with—growth management goals. We examine the impacts of open space designation on the urban landscape in a spatial city model with two important and empirically relevant features: (1) residents prefer to live close to open space and (2) open space amenities attract migrants to the city. Our main findings are that open space designation can produce leapfrog development; the effect of open space on the total area of developed land in the city is ambiguous; more dispersed forms of open space may be preferred when congestion externalities are present; depending on location, the provision of new open space may benefit some income groups more than others and may increase the income diversity of a city.
Potassium transport across the choroidal ependyma.

Abstract The transependymal flux of K + was studied in an extracorporeal perfusion system utilizing sheep choroid plexus. The movement of K + from blood to CSF appeared to be compatible with a Na-K pump in choroid plexus which saturated at a blood level of 3.3 meq/Kg and was adversely affected by ouabain (10 −5 M) in CSF or blood. The movement of K + from CSF appeared to be by a diffusionary process which was insensitive to ouabain. These results suggest that the homeostasis of CSF K + is in part due to a Na-K pump at the blood-CSF barrier (choroid plexus).
On the Yakhot-Orszag renormalization group method for deriving turbulence statistics and models

The purpose of this paper is to provide an independent, comprehensive, critical review of the ‘‘renormalization group’’ theory of turbulence developed by Yakhot and Orszag [J. Sci. Comput. 1, 3 (1986)]. The first part of the paper is a confirmation of their basic theory for the Navier–Stokes equations, followed by a discussion of approximations in the scale removal procedure. The main part of the paper examines the YO derivations of the velocity‐derivative skewness and the transport equation for the energy dissipation rate E. An algebraic error in the derivation of the skewness is corrected. Several problems are identified in the derivation of the E equation which suggest that the derivation should be reformulated. The present paper has become the basis for such a reformulation, to be published separately by Yakhot and Smith.
FAILURE OF MENADIONE TO AFFECT FOLATE UTILIZATION IN VITAMIN B 12-DEFICIENT HUMAN BEINGS.

IT has been suggested that vitamin B12-deficiency in man may produce a defect in folate utilization due to trapping of L. casei folate activity1. This suggestion has recently received support in the British literature2. The trapped folate is probably some form of N-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid3. Donaldson and Keresztesy4 reported that N-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid can be enzymatically oxidized to N-5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid in the presence of menadione (a synthetic preparation with vitamin K activity) as electron acceptor. This raised the possibility that supplying this electron acceptor might break the assumed block in folate utilization present in vitamin B12-deficieney.
Epistemological contextualism: Its past, present, and prospects

Parmi les differents courants de l'epistemologie contemporaine, l'A. defend la validite du contextualisme comme programme alternatif proposant un modele dialectique de la justification des pratiques epistemiques. Distinguant les versions traditionnelle, structurelle et deflationniste du contextualisme, et examinant la these de la garantie epistemique (Required License Thesis) chez S. Toulmin, l'A. refute le scepticisme en cultivant les proprietes dialogiques qui renforcent les pratiques discursives constitutives de la connaissance.
Substance abuse treatment organizations as mediators of social policy: slowing the adoption of a congressionally approved medication.

Most substance abuse treatment occurs in outpatient treatment centers, necessitating an understanding of what motivates organizations to adopt new treatment modalities. Tichy’s framework of organizations as being comprised of three intertwined internal systems (technical, cultural, and political) was used to explain treatment organizations’ slow adoption of buprenorphine, a new medication for opiate dependence. Primary data were collected from substance abuse treatment organizations in four of the ten metropolitan areas with the largest number of heroin users. Only about one fifth offered buprenorphine. All three internal systems were important determinants of buprenorphine adoption in our multivariate model. However, the cultural system, measured by attitude toward medications, was a necessary condition for adoption. Health policies designed to encourage adoption of evidence-based performance measures typically focus on the technical system of organizations. These findings suggest that such policies would be more effective if they incorporate an understanding of all three internal systems.