cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absolute cross sections for three-body breakup reactions Li-6 (d, n He-3) He-4 and Li-6 (d, p H-3) He-4

Absolute cross sections have been obtained for the reactions $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($d$,$n^{3}\mathrm{He}$)$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($d$,$p^{3}\mathrm{H}$)$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ for deuteron energies from 100 to 800 keV. The energy spectra of particles from these reactions are continuums because of the three-body final state. Total cross sections as well as angular distributions have been obtained with accuracies of 10 to 17%. Comparisons of energy spectra are made to predictions of simple models.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($d$,$p^{3}\mathrm{H}$)$^{4}\mathrm{He}$, ${E}_{d}=0.1\ensuremath{-}0.8$ MeV, $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$($d$,$n^{3}\mathrm{He}$)$^{4}\mathrm{He}$, ${E}_{d}=0.2\ensuremath{-}0.8$ MeV; enriched target; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{d},\ensuremath{\theta},{E}_{n})$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{d},\ensuremath{\theta},{E}_{p})$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{t}({E}_{d})$.
P1-S4.31 Failure of respondent driven sampling in a transgender population due to inadequate formative work and non-network associated selection criteria

Background In 2009, the CDC funded the Transgender HIV Behavioural Surveillance pilot to assess the feasibility of using respondent driven sampling (RDS) to recruit ethnic minority male-to-female transgender (MTFTG) participants. RDS is a chain-referral strategy that restricts the number of people each participant can recruit and offers incentives for both participation and recruitment. With proper adjustment for sampling, data collected through RDS can be used to develop population prevalence estimates. RDS assumes that respondents know one another as members of the target population. Methods Because of funding constraints, formative work and data collection lasted only 4 months. Our goal was to recruit 100 MTFTG participants, at least 15 years old, who were assigned male sex at birth and who currently identified or presented as female. We established a field office in the Houston Transgender Center and identified a charismatic MTFTG interviewer. Office hours were set for early afternoon; incentives were $20 for the interview and $10 for each recruit (up to $50). Recruiter instructions were to give the RDS coupon to known Latina or Black MTFTG. Results Our University prohibited the hiring of our first-choice interviewer because she had a previous moral turpitude conviction. Recruitment was delayed until we hired another. We planted 11 seeds; 5 failed, 3 recruited 7 individuals in 2 waves; and 3 recruited 40 individuals with the longest chain consisting of 6 waves. We distributed 201 coupons and interviewed 48 eligible and consenting MTFTG. Conclusions Formative work is essential to identify the size and features of the study population social networks, time and place for recruitment, and appropriate incentive. RDS requires respondents to be linked by the target attribute, in this case ethnic minority MTFTG. By restricting recruitment to transgender individuals of colour, we violated that assumption. Our sample networks were not structured around race/ethnicity; rather they were networked through work affiliations (sex worker, performer, unemployed). Recruitment also failed because the incentive was not enough to encourage performers and sex workers to participate in a health survey. Evening hours would have been better for our group9s work schedules so they could participate on their way out for the evening. Our failure to get RDS initiated reinforces the importance of formative work to determine if RDS will succeed in your target population.
Thyroid function in human pregnancy. VI. Premature deliveries and reproductive failures of pregnant women with low serum butanol-extractable iodines. Maternal serum TBG and TBPA capacities.

Abstract More numerous stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and weak infants have been reported in countries of increased thyroid underfunction and endemic goiter. At Providence Lying-In Hospital deliveries of 1,252 normothyroxinemic pregnancies were compared with deliveries of 168 registrants exhibiting hypothyroidism or low serum BEI (butanol-extractable iodine). Thirty-three uncomplicated pregnancies with low BEI values terminated without delivery of a full-term surviving infant. In 16 of these thyroxine-binding proteins were measured and were normal in 9 pregnancies. Previous reproductive histories of 97 hypothyroid or hypothyroxinemic women were matched with those of 97 control women having 2 normal BEI values before and 2 after 24 weeks before a surviving infant weighing 2,500 grams + was born. Outcome of delivery of the two groups was significantly different with p
Structure of the large -chain polyribosome of rabbit reticulocytes rendered isoleucine-deficient by O-methylthreonine.

Incubation of rabbit reticulocytes with L- O -methylthreonine, an analogue of L-isoleucine, results in the formation of a unique, large β-chain polyribosome containing approximately 12 ribosomes. Two possible mechanisms for the formation of this polyribosome are considered: (a) the polyribosome may be formed by maximal packing of ribosomes on a β-chain mRNA strand proximal to the limiting isoleucine codon, on (b) there may be dimerization of lighter polyribosomes by an interaction of the blocked nascent β-chains. The nascent chains were removed from the ribosomes in intact cells by incubation with puromycin, and from the isolated ribosome-polyribosome component by incubation with Pronase. In both cases the large polyribosome remained after the nascent chains were removed, suggesting that it is formed by maximal packing of ribosomes on a β-chain mRNA strand.
Multireceptor activation of the pulmonary chemoreflex.

Schertel et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 61: 1237-1240, 1984) reported that pulmonary C fibers initiate the prompt apnea followed by rapid shallow breathing evoked by pulmonary arterial injections of capsaicin. However, doubt has remained as to whether these changes in breathing pattern are induced exclusively by direct stimulation of pulmonary C fibers or whether secondary stimulation of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors by capsaicin-induced reflex bronchoconstriction also contributes to the response. To determine the contribution of this secondary mechanism to changes in breathing pattern, we evoked the pulmonary chemoreflex in spontaneously breathing dogs before and after blockade of muscarinic receptors with atropine. Right atrial injections of capsaicin before the administration of atropine induced a classical pulmonary chemoreflex, i.e., apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia followed by rapid shallow breathing and bronchoconstriction. After atropine, all components of the pulmonary chemoreflex induced by right atrial injections of capsaicin remained intact except bronchoconstriction. However, the absolute magnitude of the change in each component of the reflex except apnea was significantly attenuated. We conclude that the classic pulmonary chemoreflex is a complex phenomenon initiated primarily by stimulation of pulmonary C fibers but significantly influenced by secondary stimulation of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors.
Quantifying Macromolecular Transition Paths with Path Similarity Analysis

Diverse classes of proteins function through large-scale conformational changes; sophisticated enhanced sampling methods have been proposed to generate these macromolecular transition paths. As such paths are curves in a high-dimensional space, they have been difficult to compare quantitatively, a prerequisite to, for instance, assess the quality of different sampling algorithms. The Path Similarity Analysis (PSA) approach [1] alleviates these difficulties without relying on low-dimensional projections by utilizing the full information in 3N-dimensional trajectories in configuration space. PSA employs the Hausdorff or Frechet path (distance) metrics—adopted from computational geometry—enabling us to quantify path (dis)similarity, while the new concept of a Hausdorff-pair map permits the extraction of atomic-scale determinants responsible for path differences. Combined with clustering techniques, PSA facilitates the comparison of many paths, including collections of transition ensembles. We use the closed-to-open transition of the enzyme adenylate kinase (AdK)—a commonly used testbed for the assessment enhanced sampling algorithms [2]—to examine multiple microsecond equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) transitions of AdK in its substrate-free form alongside transition ensembles from the MD-based dynamic importance sampling (DIMS-MD) and targeted MD (TMD) methods, and a geometrical targeting algorithm (FRODA). A Hausdorff pairs analysis of these ensembles revealed, for instance, that differences in DIMS-MD and FRODA paths were mediated by a set of conserved salt bridges whose charge-charge interactions are fully modeled in DIMS-MD but not in FRODA. We illustrate how existing trajectory analysis methods relying on pre-defined collective variables (such as native contacts or geometric quantities) can be used synergistically with PSA, as well as how PSA can be applied to more complex systems such as membrane transporter proteins.[1] Seyler, Kumar, Thorpe, Beckstein. PLoS Comput Biol (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004568; [2] Seyler and Beckstein. Mol Simul 40:855-877 (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927022.2014.919497.
Sperm Testing and ICSI Selection by Hyaluronic Acid Binding: The Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Glass Slide and Petri Dish in the Andrology and IVF Laboratories

It is well established that the testis-expressed HspA2 chaperone is a measure of human sperm cellular maturity and function, including fertilizing potential. The presence of HspA2 in the synaptonemal complex also provides the link between low HspA2 expression and increased frequencies of chromosomal aneuploidies in arrested maturity, dysmature sperm. There is also a relationship between the levels of HspA2 expression in elongated spermatids and the related spermiogenetic events, such as cytoplasmic extrusion, formation of the normal sperm shape, the nuclear events of histone-transition protein-protamine replacement, and the associated changes in DNA packing, as well as the sperm plasma membrane remodeling. The membrane remodeling facilitates the formation of the zona pellucida (and the hyaluronic acid [HA]) binding sites, which enables the sperm to fertilize and provide paternal contribution to the embryo. In dysmature sperm, some or all of these developmental steps are arrested (there is a well-established relationship between nuclear and cytoplasmic dysmaturity). For this reason, the sperm selected by the zona pellucida or by hyaluronic acid are comparable via the common origin of plasma membrane remodeling and the formation of both receptors. With the advent of ICSI, the challenge to understand which sperm is empowered to fertilize the egg and the ongoing research focusing on biochemical markers of sperm function have taken higher prominence, as the pathology in male infertility patients, who require ICSI treatment, of higher complexity. The HA receptor of mature sperm, coupled with HA-coated slides or Petri dishes, allows the direct visual observation of sperm-HA binding, which is the basis for sperm maturity testing, and the assessment of sperm binding to HA which is related to sperm-zona pellucida binding. Sperm-Ha binding provides a major advancement in semen evaluation and it also facilitates; the selection of single mature sperm for ICSI [3]. The HA-binding step, similar to zona pellucida binding, eliminates dysmature sperm that exhibit cytoplasmic retention, persistent histones, and DNA chain breaks. Further, the frequencies of sperm with chromosomal disomy and diploidy are reduced by 4–6-fold in HA-bound sperm vs. semen sperm fractions [3]. This reduction is similar to the increase of chromosomal aberrations in ICSI children. Combined studies of sperm shape and chromosome probes demonstrated that sperm shape does not reliably aid selection of haploid sperm [34]. Thus, HA-mediated sperm selection is a novel and efficient technique that may alleviate potential future public health problems that are related to ICSI with visually selected sperm, such as chromosomal aneuploidies, shortened lifetime, and increased cancer rates.
A 0.36V 128Kb 6T SRAM with energy-efficient dynamic body-biasing and output data prediction in 28nm FDSOI

This paper presents a low-voltage, energy-efficient SRAM designed in a 28nm fully depleted SOI (FDSOI) technology. The SRAM achieves a minimum V dd of 0.36V, while still having the area advantage by using 6T bit-cells. Dynamic forward body-biasing (DFBB) is used to improve the write margin. The proposed implementation of DFBB provides a 4.5× improvement in energy overhead compared to a conventional implementation. It also helps in reducing the switching energy for half-selected bit-lines. An average energy/bit-access of 52.5fJ has been achieved at 0.45V. Furthermore, by implementing data prediction in the read-path, up to 36% dynamic energy savings can be obtained.
Ultralow Energy Analog Straintronics Using Multiferroic Composites

Electric-field-induced magnetization switching in multiferroics holds profound promise for ultralow energy computing in beyond Moore's law era. Bistable nanomagnets in the multiferroics are usually deemed to be suitable for storing a binary bit of information and switching between the two stable states allows us to process digital information. However, it requires to process continuous analog signals too for seamless integration of nanomagnetic devices in our future information processing systems. Here, we show that it is possible to harness the analog nature in the magnetostrictive nanomagnets, contrary to writing a digital bit of information. By solving stochastic Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation of magnetization dynamics at room temperature, we demonstrate such possibility and show that there exists a transistor-like high-gain region in the input–output characteristics of the magnetostrictive nanomagnets in strain-mediated multiferroic composites. This can be the basis of ultralow energy analog and mixed-signal precessing in our future information processing systems and it eliminates the requirement of using charge-based transistors.
Conformational Homogeneity in the Pr Isomer of Phytochrome Cph1

Numerous time-resolved studies of the Pr to Pfr photoisomerization in phytochrome Cph1 have revealed multiphasic excited-state decay kinetics. It remains unclear whether these kinetics arise from multiple ground-state conformational subpopulations or from a single ground-state conformation that undergoes an excited-state photoisomerization process—either branching on the excited state or relaxing through multiple sequential intermediates. Many studies have attempted to resolve this debate by fitting the measured dynamics to proposed kinetic models, arriving at different conclusions. Here we probe spectral signatures of ground-state heterogeneity of Pr. Two-dimensional electronic spectra display negligible inhomogeneous line broadening, and vibrational coherence spectra extracted from transient absorption measurements do not contain nodes and phase shifts at the fluorescence maximum. These spectroscopic results support the homogeneous model, in which the primary photochemical transformation of Pr to Lumi-R...
Chapter 2 The 1950s: Origins

Shock compression science, in its modern form, evolved from the early work conducted at Los Alamos resulting from the Manhattan Project. That work, of course, was an important aspect of the development of nuclear weapons, first the fission bomb toward the end of World War II and then the fusion bomb, both of which were mainstays of the Cold War era.
Extending an Association Map to Handle Large Data Sets

This paper presents the Association Map-Large (AM-L), an interactive visualization of entity associations. AM-L is an extension of a previously reported AM interface that has been enhanced with search and interaction features for supporting larger data sets. We report on a user study with thirty two participants, which assesses user performance and experience with AM-L versus a tabular representation of the same data in the context of an enterprise system. Participants with varying levels of experience were given both simple and complicated tasks to complete with each system. Results indicate greater enjoyment and lower levels of mental effort when using AM-L, as well as less time spent on average when performing tasks. Accuracy results in terms of correctness indicate a learning curve, with overall performance worse with AM-L on the first two simple questions and first complex question, but then as well or better on subsequent questions. Given that the AM-L interface is unlike any with which the users had prior experience, it is not surprising that some exposure to the interface, such as training, would be helpful prior to use. Suggestions from the participants will inform future enhancements to the interface, which will be validated with further studies.
Prevalence of substance use among middle school-aged e-cigarette users compared with cigarette smokers, nonusers, and dual users: Implications for primary prevention.

ABSTRACTBackground: The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of substance use in e-cigarette (EC)-only users with combustible cigarette (CC)-only users, dual users, and nonusers in a large sample of middle school–aged adolescents. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional school survey conducted in 15 middle schools in 3 counties in West Virginia in the United States between October and December of 2015 (N = 6547, girls = 49.6%; response rate 84.7%). Results: Approximately 4.3% of participants had used EC only, 4.5% had used CC only, and around 5.5% were dual users. Nonusers had the lowest prevalence of all 9 forms of substance use assessed in the study (i.e., chewing tobacco, any alcohol, drunkenness, marijuana, sniffing, prescription drugs, hallucinogens, synthetic marijuana, and bath salts), followed by EC and CC users. Dual users had the highest prevalence of 8 of 9 forms of substance use. Multinomial logistic regression models showed that EC-only users had significantly greater odds ...
On properties of Poisson q-charts for attributes

The sensitivity of four tests on Shewhart Q charts and of specially designed EWMA and CUSUM Q charts to detect one-step permanent shifts of a Poisson parameter has been studied. The usual test that signals for one point beyond three standard deviations ..
Risk factors and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine

Patients who develop chronic fibrotic liver disease, caused by viral or metabolic aetiologies, are at a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Even after complete HCC tumour resection or ablation, the carcinogenic tissue microenvironment in the remnant liver can give rise to recurrent de novo HCC tumours, which progress into incurable, advanced-stage disease in most patients. Thus, early detection and prevention of HCC development is, in principle, the most impactful strategy to improve patient prognosis. However, a "one-size-fits-all" approach to HCC screening for early tumour detection, as recommended by clinical practice guidelines, is utilised in less than 20% of the target population, and the performance of screening modalities, including ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein, is suboptimal. Furthermore, optimal screening strategies for emerging at-risk patient populations, such as those with chronic hepatitis C after viral cure, or those with non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease remain controversial. New HCC biomarkers and imaging modalities may improve the sensitivity and specificity of HCC detection. Clinical and molecular HCC risk scores will enable precise HCC risk prediction followed by tailoured HCC screening of individual patients, maximising cost-effectiveness and optimising allocation of limited medical resources. Several aetiology-specific and generic HCC chemoprevention strategies are evolving. Epidemiological and experimental studies have identified candidate chemoprevention targets and therapies, including statins, anti-diabetic drugs, and selective molecular targeted agents, although their clinical testing has been limited by the lengthy process of cancer development that requires long-term, costly studies. Individual HCC risk prediction is expected to overcome the challenge by enabling personalised chemoprevention, targeting high-risk patients for precision HCC prevention and substantially improving the dismal prognosis of HCC.
Characterizing the resonant behavior and quality factors of 3C-SiC diaphragms using frequency analysis and the ring-down technique

This paper reports the findings of a study to characterize the resonant behavior of high-aspect ratio, NEMS-scale 3C-SiC diaphragms. The diaphragms consisted of single crystalline 3C-SiC films that were grown by APCVD and created by Si bulk micromachining. The diaphragms were excited into resonance under vacuum and assessed using optical interferometry. Over 40 resonant peaks were observed for a 250 nm-thick, 1 × 1 mm2 diaphragm for frequencies up to 2.5 MHz. The frequency-to-bandwidth ratio method and the ring-down technique were used to assess the quality factor for several prominent peaks. Although the fundamental mode exhibited a quality factor of ∼3000, all other modes had Q's of > 10,000, with the highest being ∼190,000 for the (2, 3) mode.
EFLASH: A New Multivariate Encryption Scheme

Multivariate Public Key Cryptography is a leading option for security in a post quantum society. In this paper we propose a new encryption scheme, EFLASH, and analyze its efficiency and security.
Evaluation of a Behavioral Science Curriculum by Psychiatrists, Family Practitioners and Pediatricians

A questionnaire was developed from the goals and objectives of the first and second medical school curriculum of the University of South Carolina School of Medicine’s Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science. Seventy-seven physicians, including psychiatrists, family practitioners and pediatricians rated the clinical relevance of the sixty-five behavioral science content areas in the questionnaire. Behavioral science areas rated very clinically relevant are discussed in terms of feedback to undergraduate medical students and in terms of potential collaborative continuing medical education for the three medical specialties used as physician raters. Also, the areas rated as minimally clinically relevant by family practitioners and pediatricians which focused on theories of human behavior suggest that the psychiatrist and behavioral scientist in medical education need to develop new approaches in order to change the view of nonpsychiatric physicians toward the theoretical aspect of human behavior.
I-123 DaTscan SPECT Brain Imaging in Parkinsonian Syndromes: Utility of the Putamen-to-Caudate Ratio

Background and purpose Computer-based analysis of Dopamine transporter imaging (DaTscan) can aid in image interpretation. In this study, we examined the distribution of putamen-to-caudate ratios (PCRs) obtained by using a clinically available semiquantification method. Methods Medical records of 32 patients (M:16) with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 22) or Parkinson's plus syndromes (PPS) (n = 10) based on clinical follow-up, were retrospectively reviewed. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) imaging was performed 4 hours after intravenous injection of 3-5 mCi [I-123]-ioflupane. Semiquantitative evaluation using DaTQUANT software was performed. Utility of PCR with a cutoff of .7 and .8 in the diagnosis of nigrostriatal degeneration was assessed. PD and PPS groups based on clinical assessment and caudate-to-background ratio (CBR) were assessed separately. Results Minimum PCR for both hemispheres was .74 ± .09 (Mean ± SD, range: .58-.89), with 65.63% patients (21/32) having PCR > .7. Mean PCR in mild nigrostriatal degeneration was .77 ± .08 (range: .62-.89) and in advanced nigrostriatal degeneration was .73 ± .09 (range: .58-.89). Mean PCR in PD group was .73 ± .09 (range: .58-.89) and in PPS group was .75 ± .10 (range: .61-.88). Conclusions Although PCR can intrinsically be a useful indication of disease, this ratio obtained in our analysis by using one of the clinically available automatic semiquantitative methods has large variability and might not be a reliable numeric marker in interpretation of [I-123]ioflupane studies. This may be due to difficulty in separating caudate from putamen on SPECT images, as well as the nonuniform decreased Ioflupane uptake in both putamen and caudate.
Higher-order elliptic equations with constant coefficients

Here we can only indicate how some of the notions developed for the Laplace equation apply to more general elliptic equations. We shall restrict ourselves to a single linear homogeneous mth-order equation with constant real coefficients for a scalar function u(x)=u(x1,...,x n ). We write the equation in the familiar form $$ P\left( D \right)u = 0, $$ (0.1) where $$ P\left( D \right) = \sum\limits_{\left| a \right| = m} {{A_a}{D^a}} $$ (0.2) is an mth-degree form in D=(D1,...,D n ) with constant real coefficients A a . Equation (0.1) is elliptic (see p. 58), if there are no real characteristic surfaces, that is, if $$ P\left( {\xi } \right) \ne 0{\text{ for all real }}\xi \ne {\text{0}}{\text{.}} $$ (0.3)
Engineering ER-stress dependent non-conventional mRNA splicing

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding capacity is balanced with the protein folding burden to prevent accumulation of un- or misfolded proteins. The ER membrane-resident kinase/RNase Ire1 maintains ER protein homeostasis through two fundamentally distinct processes. First, Ire1 can initiate a transcriptional response through a non-conventional mRNA splicing reaction to increase the ER folding capacity. Second, Ire1 can decrease the ER folding burden through selective mRNA decay. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the two Ire1 functions have been evolutionarily separated. Here, we show that the respective Ire1 orthologs have become specialized for their functional outputs by divergence of their RNase specificities. In addition, RNA structural features separate the splicing substrates from the decay substrates. Using these insights, we engineered an S. pombe Ire1 cleavage substrate into a splicing substrate, which confers S. pombe with both Ire1 functional outputs.
Designing a Temperature Model to Understand the Thermal Challenges of Portable Computing Platforms

Modern high-performance processors are embedded in portable electronics, such as smartphones, self-driving automobiles, and augmented reality wearable. These computing platforms provide real-time direction navigation, high definition video entertainment, real-time sensing and control. One of the major performance limiting factors in these platforms is the poorly designed thermal solution to prevent overheating at the processor transistor junction and at the platform surface. The former limits the maximum operating temperature of transistors to guarantee reliability and lifetime whereas the latter limits the maximum platform surface temperature to ensure user ergonomic comfort. To design effective cooling solutions for high-performance, multi-layer, multi-processor platforms, an accurate and detailed platform level temperature model is needed. In this work, we present a detailed finite volume model to predict the temperature behavior of a tightly packaged, high-performance portable platform, from the system level down to the processor architecture level. We first characterize the thermal response of real-world, representative mobile workloads and perform parametric studies to predict the processor junction and platform surface temperature based on the properties of the platform. We observe that thermal hot spots are sensitive to workload computation characteristics. In particular, for mobile workloads, such as web browsing, computations often occur in short time burst, leading to instantaneous power spikes. This results in temperature spikes as thermal hot spots. To mitigate the thermal issue, modern systems implement dynamic voltage and frequency scaling during high performance and high power scenario to prevent cores from overheating. We validate the proposed temperature model used to predict the maximum temperature at the processor chip and at the platform surface, with measurements from the embedded temperature sensors and an infrared camera. The temperature prediction accuracy for hot spots on the processor chip and on the platform surface is demonstrated to be higher than 90%. With the tool, we show that the physical construction (such as air gaps and material properties) and the floor plan of the multi-layer platform have a profound effect on the system temperature behavior. As the air gap between the different layers of the computing platform increases, the processor temperature rises significantly. Also there exists an optimal thickness setting of the air gap for platform surface thermal spreading. We hope the detailed characterization results, the developed temperature prediction tool, and the insights presented in the paper can motivate advanced thermal management solution for high-performance embedded platforms in the years to come.
There Is No Dichotomy between Effectiveness and Efficiency in Keyword Search over Databases

The article shows that it is possible to achieve this goal of redesigning the main components of a database system by presenting our effort on finding and caching an optimal subsets of a database to improve both effectiveness and efficiency of answering keyword queries.
Microdischarge Species Evolution in a 2-Dimensional Packed Bed Reactor

Packed bed reactor discharges are beinginvestigated for a wide range of applications such as ozone generation, dryreforming of methane, plasma catalysis, and plasma-aided combustion. Plasma formation in packed bed reactors takes the form of microdischarges that occur on the surfaces and in the pores of the aggregate. Such microdischarge formation and propagation in porous media are not well understood. To elucidate physical and kinetic mechanisms underlying the propagation of plasma through interconnected pores, we are investigating plasma formation at atmospheric pressure through a 2-dimensional (2-d) porous media. A 2-d array of dielectric aggregate of varying dielectric constants is used to simulate and visualize plasma formation between dielectric particles. The 2-d geometry allows for the direct observation of discharge propagation and species formation using fast cameras and emission spectroscopy, thereby eliminating intervening layers that would otherwise obstruct line of sight observation. The discharge is excited using AC voltage typical of packed bed dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) as well as repetitively pulsed, ns high voltage pulses. Spatial distributions of experimentally measured plasma-generated radicals are compared with predictions of computational models with the goal of model validation insights into systems with higher dimensionality.
Spectral and Energy Efficiencies of Millimeter Wave MIMO With Configurable Hybrid Precoding

Hybrid precoding architectures are widely studied for millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems. A major challenge in designing hybrid precoders is the practical constraints on the number of RF chains, which can have a direct impact on the spectral and energy efficiencies of the communication systems. In this paper, we investigate tradeoff between the two performance metrics in both static and mobile communication scenarios via closed-form expressions, when the number of active RF chains can be selected. Based on these expressions, the computational complexity to configure the hybrid precoder is reduced, which can be used to adaptively activate required RF chains for the given MIMO system and channel condition. Numerical results indicate that a certain number of RF chains should be activated in order to maximize energy efficiency at high SNRs, which is generally different from the optimal configuration to maximize spectral efficiency. Furthermore, for low SNRs, we have shown that a simple analog beamforming, which uses only a single RF chain, is optimal for both spectral and energy efficiencies. In addition, the proposed mobility-aware hybrid precoding is shown to be capable of effectively achieving beamforming gain between high-speed mobile devices.
Nicotine Vaccines: The Past, the Present, and the Future

Abstract Smoking has become one of the most destructive habits that humans have ever participated in. To address the issue, various therapies have been developed over the years that have targeted the major addictive component of smoking, nicotine. These therapies have struggled to address the growing epidemic due to their numerous and well-known limitations; however, currently, there is no go-to treatment plan for nicotine addiction. An alternative, less known form of therapy for nicotine addiction, immunopharmacotherapy, is currently in development and has shown exceptional promise in past animal studies. Vaccine candidates that have arisen from these studies have ultimately met failure in clinical trials, however, due to the lack of observed efficacy in the majority of study participants. Undeterred, current nicotine vaccine research continues and focuses on overcoming the limitations observed in previous vaccines through the optimization of existing technologies and the implementation of novel ideas. It seems likely that with enough time, support, and collaboration, an effective nicotine vaccine will someday make it to the market.
Evaluating and reducing xerosis in competitive swimmers: an in vitro study and randomized controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Xerosis is a common problem with significant sequelae in competitive swimmers, and it results from transepidermal water loss. This study evaluates moisture barriers for reducing xeros...
Non-target analysis of vapor mixtures using silicon nanowire array sampling and thermal desorption

Abstract This work presents and evaluates an algorithmic approach to deconvolving the elution profiles of chemical components of vapor mixtures that have been sampled and desorbed from a novel preconcentrator based on highly ordered silicon nanowire arrays. The arrays provide a medium for both preconcentration and partial chromatographic resolution, which is then further leveraged with multichannel detection. Here, mixtures of nitro aromatic vapors are sampled and then thermally desorbed from the device, at which point they are detected by a conventional mass selective detector. The overlapping elution profiles observed from the array are sequentially extracted using a chemometric analysis approach based on evolving factor analysis and multivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis of individual components without target analyte libraries or complete chromatographic separation. This work examines the analytical capabilities conferred to multichannel detection by silicon nanowire array pre-concentration and partial separation and discusses the technique's limitations, illustrated by both experimental and simulated data.
Prostate biopsy histopathologic features correlate with a commercial gene expression assay's reclassification of patient NCCN risk category.

BACKGROUND For biopsies with Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 or 3 + 4 = 7 prostate cancer, the Genomic Prostate Score (GPS; OncotypeDx) is designed to predict severe pathology at prostatectomy, and, in some cases, recommends reclassification of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk category. We hypothesized that certain histopathologic features that were not considered in the original design of the assay actually would be associated with the NCCN risk category change indicated by GPS testing. METHODS For patients with recommended NCCN risk category change, the biopsy cores used for GPS were re-reviewed for stromal reaction, chronic inflammation, and tumor nuclear polarization. RESULTS Of 520 patients from May 2011 to December 2018, GPS testing suggested NCCN risk reclassification in 131 (25%); 127 of these slides were available. Of these, the NCCN risk category increased from intermediate to high in 8, low to intermediate in 15, very low to low in 1, and decreased from intermediate to low in 32, and low to very low in 71. Biopsies with NCCN risk increase were associated with moderate or severe stromal reaction (p < .001) and chronic inflammation (p < .001); biopsies with NCCN risk decrease were associated with absence of these features. In Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 cases (n = 93), presence of nuclear polarization was associated with NCCN risk decrease and its absence with increase (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Moderate or severe stromal reaction, chronic inflammation, and lack of nuclear polarization in Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 tumors were each associated with an increase in NCCN risk category indicated by GPS and vice versa. Our results suggest that GPS captures histologic features associated with aggressiveness that are not routinely assessed in standard histopathologic assessments, and that consideration of such histologic features may improve upon current tumor grading approaches.
The first diffusion of the Covid-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: An analysis based on a simplified version of the SIR model

In this paper an analysis of the first diffusion of the Covid-19 outbreak occurred in late February 2020 in Northern Italy is presented In order to study the time evolution of the epidemic it was decided to analyze in particular as the most relevant variable the number of hospitalized people, considered as the less biased proxy of the real number of infected people An approximate solution of the infected equation was found from a simplified version of the SIR model This solution was used as a tool for the calculation of the basic reproduction number R0 in the early phase of the epidemic for the most affected Northern Italian regions (Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia), giving values of R0 ranging from 2 2 to 3 1 Finally, a theoretical formulation of the infection rate is proposed, introducing a new parameter, the infection length, characteristic of the disease © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2021
52-Year-Old With Epistaxis, Hemoptysis, Hoarseness, and Weight Loss.

Clinical Presentation A 52-year-old man presented with hemoptysis of 2 weeks’ duration. He had been experiencing hoarseness, right-sided pleuritic chest pain, subjective fevers, chills, night sweats, and 10 pounds weight loss for the previous 2 months. He additionally reported severe frontal headaches, nasal congestion, and intermittent epistaxis, which had been present for a year before his current presentation. He had worked in construction and denied tobacco or illicit drug use.
Can a Farm-to-Table restaurant bring about change in the food system?: A case study of Chez Panisse

This research examines the extent to which a Farm-to-Table restaurant prompted social and ecological changes in the food system. Chefs and restaurants are uniquely positioned to both generate consu...
Learning Cross-Scale Visual Representations for Real-Time Image Geo-Localization.

Robot localization remains a challenging task in GPS denied environments. State estimation approaches based on local sensors, e.g. cameras or IMUs, are drifting-prone for long-range missions as error accumulates. In this study, we aim to address this problem by localizing image observations in a 2D multi-modal geospatial map. We introduce the cross-scale dataset and a methodology to produce additional data from cross-modality sources. We propose a framework that learns cross-scale visual representations without supervision. Experiments are conducted on data from two different domains, underwater and aerial. In contrast to existing studies in cross-view image geo-localization, our approach a) performs better on smaller-scale multi-modal maps; b) is more computationally efficient for real-time applications; c) can serve directly in concert with state estimation pipelines.
Structural transitions permitting ligand entry and exit in bacterial fatty acid binding proteins.

Abstract Fatty acid (FA) transfer proteins extract FA from membranes and sequester their ligand to facilitate its movement through the cytosol. While detailed views of soluble protein-FA complexes are available, how FA exchange occurs at the membrane has remained unknown. Staphylococcus aureus FakB1 is a prototypical bacterial FA transfer protein that binds palmitate within a narrow, buried tunnel. Here, we determine the conformational change from this closed state to an open state that engages the phospholipid bilayer. Upon membrane binding, a dynamic loop in FakB1 that covers the FA binding site disengages and folds into an amphipathic helix. This helix inserts below the phosphate plane of the bilayer to create a diffusion channel for the FA to exchange between the protein and the membrane. The structure of the bilayer-associated conformation of FakB1 has local similarities with mammalian FA binding proteins and provides a general conceptual framework for how these proteins interact with the membrane to promote lipid transfer.
Telemedicine: remote monitoring of cardiac patients

This paper presents a telemedicine system capable of remote monitoring cardiac patients. It includes a device which transmits the patient ECG to a monitoring center using the short message service (SMS) and data service of a TDMA cellular network. The device works in conjunction with a cellular phone handset, allowing mobility to the patient.
The response of lymphocytes to H-2D and H-2K region antigens. I. Differential effect of cortisone acetate.

Abstract Cell surface antigens controlled by separate portions of the H-2 region differentially stimulate lymphocytes. Cells responding to antigens controlled by loci in or near the H-2D region transform later (5 days) than cells responding to antigens controlled by loci in or near the H-2K region (3 days). Treatment of lymphocyte donors with cortisone acetate shows that lymphocytes responding to some H-2K-associated antigens are cortisone resistant and that lymphocytes responding to H-2D-associated antigens are cortisone sensitive. Parallels are drawn between these characteristics and the lymphocytes responsible for cellular and humoral immunity.
ADO Command Strategies

When I get to Chapters 6 and 7, which are all about Recordsets, I discuss lots of different ways to execute queries—many of which don’t require use of the Command object to construct. The one important case where the Command object is required is when you have to capture parameters returned from stored procedures. ADO is very smart when it comes to handling stored procedures. If you aren’t returning OUTPUT parameters, and if you don’t care about the stored procedure return value, you don’t have to construct a Command object—so don’t. On the other hand, I encourage you to use OUTPUT parameters instead of Recordsets. A resultset with a dozen dozen OUTPUT parameters is still faster to manage than a single-row Recordset. But then, almost any approach is faster than constructing a Recordset.
Retrospective: Stanley Joel Korsmeyer (1950-2005).

Stan Korsmeyer revolutionized the study of oncogenes, cancer, and programmed cell death with his discovery of the oncogene Bcl-2. In a retrospective, [Ley][1] discusses the myriad contributions that Stan Korsmeyer made to cell biology while also providing personal insights into this remarkable man. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/308/5723/803
Late Surgical Bleeding Following Total Artificial Heart Implantation

Introduction Mechanical circulatory support for heart failure, including the Total Artificial Heart (TAH, Syncardia, Tucson, AZ, USA) has increased in recent years. This report describes bleeding complications associated with the device. Methods A single institution prospectively maintained quality improvement database was reviewed encompassing the first year of clinical experience with the TAH. Patients who underwent TAH implantation were identified, and a review of complications and outcomes was undertaken. Results Ten patients underwent TAH implant. Four patients experienced delayed postoperative bleeding. In three patients the manifestation of bleeding was tamponade and evidenced by TAH decreased cardiac output. In two patients, at postoperative days 31 and 137, there was a partial disruption of the aortic anastomosis along the outer curvature with pseudoaneurysm formation. Both were repaired by primary suture closure, without use of cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no mortality attributable to bleeding. Conclusions TAH patients are at risk for delayed postoperative bleeding, often manifest as an acute decrease in cardiac output. Due to pulsatility and high dP/dT, bleeding from the aortic anastomosis should be considered in the differential of a patient with low flow and/or tamponade.
An assessment of climate feedback processes using satellite observations of clear-sky OLR

[1] Clear-sky longwave radiative feedback processes depicted in climate models prepared for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) are investigated using satellite observations of the clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Estimates of clear-sky longwave radiative damping are derived from regional, seasonal, and interannual sources of variability. In spite of well-known biases of tropospheric temperature and humidity in climate models, comparisons indicate that the intermodel range in the rate of clear-sky radiative damping are small despite large intermodel variability in the mean clear-sky OLR. Moreover, the model-simulated rates of radiative damping are consistent with those obtained from satellite observations and are indicative of a strong positive correlation between temperature and water vapor variations over a broad range of spatiotemporal scales.
Evaluation of current treatment recommendations for chronic hepatitis B: a 2011 update.

Background and Aim: Guidelines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B have been recently updated in the 2009 European Association for the Study of the Liver consensus statement, the 2008 US Panel, the 2008 Asian–Pacific consensus statement, and the 2009 American Association for the Study of Liver Disease practice guidelines. We sought to determine whether these guidelines identified patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or who died of non-HCC liver-related deaths for antiviral therapy. Methods: The criteria described in the new treatment guidelines were matched to the database of 369 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients, in whom 30 developed HCC and 37 died of non-HCC liver-related deaths during a mean follow up of 84 months. Results: Using criteria for antiviral therapy as stated by the four current guidelines, 19–30% of patients who died of non-HCC liver-related complications, and 23–53% of patients who developed HCC, would have been excluded for antiviral therapy. If baseline serum albumin levels of ≤ 3.5 g/dL or platelet counts of ≤ 130 000 mm3 were included into the treatment criteria, then 85–94% of patients who developed liver-related complications would have been recommended for antiviral therapy. Also, the addition of precore A1896 mutants and basal core promoter T1762/A1764 mutants would have identified 98.5–100% of these patients. Conclusion: The updated treatment guidelines for hepatitis B still excluded patients who developed serious liver-related complications. The inclusion of baseline serum albumin and platelet counts to current criteria would have identified a majority of these patients for antiviral therapy. These tests should be included into hepatitis B treatment strategies.