cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increasing throughput in targeted proteomics assays: 54-plex quantitation in a single mass spectrometry run.

Targeted proteomics assays such as those measuring end points in activity assays are sensitive and specific but often lack in throughput. In an effort to significantly increase throughput, a comparison was made between the traditional approach which utilizes an internal standard and the multiplexing approach which relies on isobaric tagging. A kinase activity assay was used for proof of concept, and experiments included three biological replicates for every condition. Results from the two approaches were highly similar with the multiplexing showing greater throughput. Two novel 6-plex isobaric tags were added for a total of three 6-plex experiments (18-plex) in a single run. Next, three mass variants of the target peptide were labeled with the three isobaric tags giving nine 6-plex reactions for 54-plex quantitation in a single run. Since the multiplexing approach allows all samples to be combined prior to purification and acquisition, the 54-plex approach resulted in a significant reduction in purificati...
Virtual Valley Forge: a revolutionary hospital concept.

Health care delivery in the military, as in the civilian sector, is on the verge of a necessary revolution. The current system was designed for a level of technology long surpassed—an era of rudimentary communication capabilities when concentrating on very expensive equipment in a few select hospitals was necessary; health care was centered around hardware, not people. Centralized care has meant duplication of expensive resources, bottlenecks in care delivery, and a monolithic incapacity to adapt to rapidly changing demands on the system. A shift from centralized care to distributed, networked care is essential to establish a system that is timely, effi cient, responsive, and economically sustainable. Nowhere is that need more critical than in the care of combat wounded. Military medicine needs realignment not a radical departure from current practice. It will continue to operate some of the best medical centers in the western world, provide the best combat casualty care on the planet, provide support for the toughest humanitarian missions, and excel at surgical innovation and the prevention of infectious diseases. It must, however, consider 2 major issues that are shifting the “center of gravity” in military health care: an all-volunteer military whose members expect choices and information technology, which holds the key to meet the challenges in health care delivery. Components of this new military health care system must include the following: 1. Recognition that a fully volunteer military force demands choices.
Sipholenol A, a marine-derived sipholane triterpene, potently reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug mesistance in cancer cells

2288 The marine ecosystem represents most of the species on the earth, and marine organisms provide numerous sources to develop novel compounds with multiple pharmacological potentials, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer and so on. The analgesic Conotoxin MVIIA (Prialt®) represents the first marine natural product drug to be introduced to the market. A number of marine compounds are currently in various phases of human clinical trials to treat different cancers, such as ecteinascidin, squalamine, aplidin, bryostatin-1, dolastatin-10 and ILX651. In this study, we screened thirty new marine sponge compounds to investigate their anticancer effects and inhibition of the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) to reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancer cells. When these compounds were tested in two human drug-selected MDR cell lines KB-C2 and KB-V1, we found that one of the sipholane triterpenes, sipholenol A, in a concentration-dependent manner potentiated the cytotoxicity of several anticancer drugs including colchicine, vinblastine, and paclitaxel and significantly reversed the resistance of MDR cancer cells. Furthermore, sipholenol A had no effect on the response to cytotoxic agents in cells lacking P-gp expression or expressing other MDR-linked transporters including MRP1 (ABCC1) or breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2), and was not cytotoxic by itself at 50 μM, regardless of P-gp status. Accumulation and efflux studies with the P-gp substrate [ 3 H]-paclitaxel demonstrated that sipholenol A time-dependently increased the intracellular accumulation of [ 3 H]-paclitaxel by directly inhibiting P-gp-mediated drug efflux. In addition, sipholenol A did not have any effect on the expression of P-gp after treating MDR cancer cells for seventy-two hours, however, it did inhibit the photolabeling of P-gp with [ 125 I]- Iodoarylazidoprazosin. We conclude that sipholenol A interacts directly with P-gp and sipholane triterpenes are a new class of potential reversing agents for treatment of MDR in P-gp overexpressing tumors.
The occurrence of lymphoma in patients with long-standing hyperthyroidism.

1) Six patients have been presented who, subsequent to long-standing hyperthyroidism, developed a lymphoma (one lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma, one Hodgkin’s disease, one giant follicular lymphoma, and three lymphocytic lymphosarcoma or leukemia). 2) Experimental evidence suggests that hyperthyroidism stimulates and hypothyroidism inhibits lymphoid structures, and hyperthyroidism promotes tumor growth in animals. The mechanism of this action is not clear. 3) Three additional cases of hyperthyroidism followed by the development of a lymphoma were found in the literature. 4) It is suggested that prolonged hyperthyroidism may be a contributory factor in the development of lymphomas or allied disorders in man.
Noise performance of high-efficiency germanium quantum dot photodetectors

We report on the noise analysis of high performance germanium quantum dot (Ge QD) photodetectors with responsivity up to ∼2 A/W and internal quantum efficiency up to ∼400%, over the 400–1100 nm wavelength range and at a reverse bias of −10 V. Photolithography was performed to define variable active-area devices that show suppressed dark current, leading to a higher signal-to-noise ratio, up to 105, and specific detectivity D*≃6×1012 cm Hz 1/2 W−1. These figures of merit suggest Ge QDs as a promising alternative material for high-performance photodetectors working in the visible to near-infrared spectral range.
Laundering Leo Strauss

ABSTRACTRobert Howse's book on Leo Strauss tries to defend Strauss by emphasizing how different he was from today's “Straussians.” In Howse's telling, Strauss's best-known followers favor war and oppression, though Strauss himself did not. To make this case, Howse relies not only on absurd caricatures of Strauss's students but on highly distorted (or highly selective) accounts of what Strauss himself wrote. Howse tries to make a positive case for Strauss as a “man of peace” by showing that Strauss supported “international law.” He makes that case by depicting “international law” as one continuous tradition since Grotius, oblivious to the many varieties of outlooks and doctrines that have invoked some version of international law. On Howse's account, those who have qualms about the United Nations or the European Union must be regarded as nihilists—hence at odds with “Leo Strauss, Man of Peace.”
A Novel Ultrasonic Method for Accurate Characterization of Microstructural Gradients in Monolithic and Composite Tubular Structures

Prior studies have shown that ultrasonic velocity/time-of-flight imaging that uses back surface echo reflections to gauge volumetric material quality is well suited (perhaps more so than is the commonlyused peak amplitude c-scanning) for quantitative characterization of microstructural gradients. Such gradients include those due to pore fraction, density, fiber fraction, and chemical composition variations [11–15]. Variations in these microstructural factors can affect the uniformity of physical performance (including mechanical [stiffness, strength], thermal [conductivity], and electrical [conductivity, superconducting transition temperature], etc. performance) of monolithic and composite [1,3,6,12]. A weakness of conventional ultrasonic velocity/time-of-flight imaging (as well as to a lesser extent ultrasonic peak amplitude c-scanning where back surface echoes are gated [17] is that the image shows the effects of thickness as well as microstructural variations unless the part is uniformly thick. This limits this type of imaging’s usefulness in practical applications. The effect of thickness is easily observed from the equation for pulse-echo waveform time-of-flight (2τ) between the first front surface echo (FS) and the first back surface echo (B1), or between two successive back surface echoes where: $$2\tau = {{\left( {2d} \right)} \over V}$$ (1) where d is the sample thickness and V is the velocity of ultrasound in the material. Interpretation of the time-of-flight image is difficult as thickness variation effects can mask or overemphasize the true microstructural variation portrayed in the image of a part containing thickness variations. Thickness effects on time-of-flight can also be interpreted by rearranging equation (1) to calculate velocity: $$V = {{\left( {2d} \right)} \over {2\tau }}$$ (2) such that velocity is inversely proportional to time-of-flight. Velocity and time-of-flight maps will be affected similarly (although inversely in terms of magnitude) by thickness variations, and velocity maps are used in this investigation to indicate time-of-flight variations.
Consumer Equality: Race and the American Marketplace

The history of people of color in the American marketplace has not been a happy one. From the 1600s until the end of the Civil War in 1865, most Africans in America were quite literally market comm...
Exposure of neonatal mice to bromine impairs their alveolar development and lung function

The halogen bromine (Br2) is used extensively in industry and stored and transported in large quantities. Its accidental or malicious release into the atmosphere has resulted in significant casualt...
Racial and ethnic disparities in a national cohort of ampullary cancer patients

Background and Objectives Racial and ethnic variations have been described in the different malignancies, but no such data exists for ampullary cancer. The aim of this study was to present an updated report on the epidemiology, treatment patterns, and survival of a national cohort of ampullary cancer patients. Methods Patients diagnosed with ampullary cancer between 2004 and 2014 were identified in the National Cancer Database. Overall survival was estimated and compared between racial/ethnic groups using the log-rank test. Results A total of 14 879 patients were identified; 78% of the patients were White, 9% Hispanic, 8% Black, and 5% Asian. We noted significant differences in disease presentation, socioeconomic status, and outcomes. Blacks had the lowest median overall survival at 18.9 months followed by Whites at 23.9 months, Hispanics at 32.7 months, and Asians at 37.4 months. On a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model, being Black was associated with worse survival compared to being White while being Asian and Hispanic were associated with better survival. Conclusions Overall survival of ampullary cancer patients was independently associated with race and ethnicity. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these disparities are primarily due to socioeconomic status or biologic factors.
Civilizing the Child: Violence, Masculinity, and Race in Media Narratives of James Harrison:

This article critically examines the media coverage surrounding National Football League (NFL) player James Harrison in 2010 and 2011. In 2009, medical research linking hits to the head and the Alz...
Primary Sensory Neurons

In the female rat, sensory nerves supplying the perineal skin region (input from which is crucial for lordosis) run with the pudendal nerve (Kow and Pfaff, 1973). The receptive field of the primary sensory branch of the pudendal nerve occupies an area of ipsilateral skin: its medial boundary is approximately on the midline; its maximum longitudinal extent is from the level of the lowest nipple to about the midpoint between vagina and anus; and its lateral boundary is between the abdomen-thigh junction and the heel (Figure 3–1). In fact, for most of the perineal skin, there is no sensory supply from other nerves (Kow and Pfaff, 1975b). During dorsal root recording experiments, electrophysiological responses to cutaneous stimulation in the perineal region were measured before and after the pudendal nerve was severed. As expected, before the nerve was severed handsome responses to cutaneous perineal stimulation were recorded from dorsal root L6 (Figure 3–2A). After the pudendal nerve was severed, the response to perineal stimulation disappeared completely (Figure 3–2B). The disappearance of the response was not due to cutaneous receptor damage, for the response could still be recorded on the peripheral section of the cut pudendal nerve.
A Case Study Using a Multimodal Approach to Melodic Intonation Therapy

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy. of increasing spontaneous expressive language using a modified melodic intonation therapy (MIT) approach with a male participant diagno...
The timing of radical cystectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Low-morbidity therapies such as intravesical chemo- and immunotherapies and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) are effective options for patients with localized, non-invasive bladder cancer. However, muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) typically requires more definitive management that is often associated with a higher morbidity and a higher rate of perioperative complications, and radical cystectomy (RC) is regarded as the standard of care for patients with advanced disease (1).
Automated sample preparation for high-throughput single-cell proteomics

A major limitation to applying quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomics to small samples, such as single cells, are the losses incured during sample cleanup. To relieve this limitation, we developed a Minimal ProteOmic sample Preparation (mPOP) method for culture-grown mammalian cells. mPOP obviates cleanup and thus eliminates cleanup-related losses while expediting sample preparation and simplifying its automation. Bulk SILAC samples processed by mPOP or by conventional urea-based methods indicated that mPOP results in complete cell lysis and accurate relative quantification. We integrated mPOP lysis with the Single Cell ProtEomics by Mass Spectrometry (SCoPE-MS) sample preparation, and benchmarked the quantification of such samples on a Q-exactive instrument. The results demonstrate low noise and high technical reproducibility. Then, we FACS sorted single U-937, HEK-293, and mouse ES cells into 96-well plates and analyzed them by automated mPOP and SCoPE-MS. The quantified proteins enabled separating the single cells by cell-type and cell-division-cycle phase.
Abstract A37: Tobacco smoke increases lung adenocarcinoma risk by downregulating TGF-beta and AhR-regulated focal adhesion proteins involved in injury resolution

Background: The most prevalent type of lung cancer—lung adenocarcinoma—arises from the most distal reaches of the lung in the alveolar epithelium. The alveolar epithelium consists of two cell types: (i) thin type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT1) that facilitate gas exchange and constitute more than 90% of the alveolar surface, and (ii) cuboidal surfactant-producing type II (AT2) cells. Following injury, dynamic interactions between extracellular matrix components, integrins, focal adhesion proteins, and cytoskeletal components allow AT2 progenitor cells to migrate, spread, and transdifferentiate into AT1 cells to restore the denuded epithelial barrier. Methods: Utilizing primary human AT2 cells isolated from lung transplant remnants, our lab has established and extensively profiled an in vitro model of epithelial restitution, wherein AT2 cells differentiate over a period of six days into terminally differentiated AT1-like cells. Because cigarette smoking is the most recognized risk factor for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and because the alveolar space is the primary target of tobacco smoke, we also compared the RNA-seq profiles of AT2>AT1 differentiation to those of A549 LUAD cells exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). Results: We find that CSC downregulates many factors that are upregulated in the AT2>AT1 restitution model, particularly integrins, extracellular matrix components, and novel focal adhesion proteins that are also downregulated in LUAD relative to adjacent normal tissue. We describe regulation of four such novel focal adhesion proteins, specifically by TGF-β and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated mechanisms. Conclusions: Our findings shed light on early mechanisms in the carcinogenic process, and support the notion that alveolar cells engaged in repeated cycles of injury and repair are critical actors in LUAD risk trajectories. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Theresa Ryan Stueve, Chenchen Yang, Crystal N. Marconett, Chunli Yan, Beiyun Zhou, Zea Borok, Ite A. Laird-Offringa. Tobacco smoke increases lung adenocarcinoma risk by downregulating TGF-beta and AhR-regulated focal adhesion proteins involved in injury resolution [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr A37.
Chivas y Tuzos. Íconos de México: identidades colectivas y capitalismo de compadres en el futbol nacional, by Gabriel Angelotti Pasteur

Chivas y Tuzos analyses two leading Mexican soccer clubs, Chivas and Pachuca, by tracing the migratory, cultural, and economic history of Mexican soccer from the nineteenth century to the twenty-fi...
Perturbation-evoked lateral steps in older adults: Why take two steps when one will do?

Abstract Background Hip fractures in older adults often result from a fall in the lateral direction. While younger adults tend to recover balance from a lateral perturbation with a single lateral sidestep, older adults are prone to multistep responses which are associated with an increased fall risk. This study compared the stepping characteristics and stability of single and multistep responses to lateral perturbation in healthy older adults. Methods Eighty-four older adults received lateral waist-pull perturbations to either side. Spatio-temporal stepping characteristics and balance stability were quantified. Findings Fewer steps were taken to recover balance when the first step was a lateral sidestep. The stability margin of single lateral sidesteps was greater than medial sidesteps and cross-over steps to the back but not significantly different from single cross-over steps to the front at step termination. Single step responses were more stable than multistep responses at step termination and at step initiation for lateral sidesteps and cross-over steps to the front. The decreased stability of multistep responses was attributed to an increased center of mass velocity and a smaller distance between the center of mass and base-of-support at step termination. Interpretation Although lateral sidesteps result in fewer steps than cross-over steps to the front, the stability margin was not significantly different at step termination. These results suggest difficulty terminating center of mass motion and/or inefficient center of mass control differentiates single and multistep responses. Future studies should investigate perturbation training and/or hip abductor muscle conditioning as a means of improving compensatory stepping reactions.
ASSESS THE BURDEN OF USE OF INTRAVENOUS ANTI-HYPERTENSIVES IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH ASYMPTOMATIC HYPERTENSION

Acute blood pressure elevation is very commonly encountered in hospitalized patients. The practice of lowering blood pressure acutely, with intravenous (IV) medications, in hospitalized patients is very common. Literature is against using IV medication for asymptomatic hypertension. This treatment
Progress toward autonomous experimental systems for alloy development

Historically, the advent of robotics has important roots in metallurgy. The first industrial robot, Unimate, was used by General Motors to handle hot metal—transporting die castings and welding them to an automotive body. Now, nearly 60 years later, metallurgical use of robotics is still largely confined to automation of dangerous, complex, and repetitive tasks. Beyond metallurgy, the field of autonomy is undergoing a renaissance, impacting applications from pharmaceuticals to transportation. In this article, we review the emerging elements of high-throughput experimental automation, which, when combined with artificial intelligence or machine-learning systems, will enable autonomous discovery of novel alloys and process routes.
Qualitative research methods to investigate communication within a group aural rehabilitation intervention

Objective: Aural Rehabilitation (AR) aims to minimise negative effects of hearing loss. However, there has been limited study of the lived experience of clients receiving Aural Rehabilitation services, particularly for disparity populations. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the use of an innovative qualitative approach to investigating communication in an AR setting among Hispanic/Latino older adult dyads. Design: We developed a qualitative phenomenology approach using observation methods to document and analyse how individuals experience living with acquired hearing loss within group AR. Trained observers collected systematic, detailed notes on observations of participants over the course of a 5-week community-based AR intervention. In partnership with audiologists, Community Health Workers facilitated the intervention, which focussed on decreasing negative communication impacts of hearing loss for families. Audiometric data and subjective hearing disability results, using the HHIE-S Spanish version, are presented as additional context for observation outcomes. Study sample: Participants were older Hispanic/Latino adults with hearing loss and their frequent communication partners (five dyads). Results: Four themes related to the experience of communication emerged among dyads in the intervention: (i) emotions related to hearing loss (ii) communication dynamics, (iii) self-management of hearing loss, and (iv) hearing health advocacy. Conclusions: A mixed methods approach that includes group observation would contribute substantially to comprehensively evaluating group AR interventions.
Deep-Learning-Based Network Intrusion Detection for SCADA Systems

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)networks are widely deployed in modern industrial control systems (ICSs)such as energy-delivery systems. As an increasing number of field devices and computing nodes get interconnected, network-based cyber attacks have become major cyber threats to ICS network infrastructure. Field devices and computing nodes in ICSs are subjected to both conventional network attacks and specialized attacks purposely crafted for SCADA network protocols. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based network intrusion detection system for SCADA networks to protect ICSs from both conventional and SCADA specific network-based attacks. Instead of relying on hand-crafted features for individual network packets or flows, our proposed approach employs a convolutional neural network (CNN)to characterize salient temporal patterns of SCADA traffic and identify time windows where network attacks are present. In addition, we design a re-training scheme to handle previously unseen network attack instances, enabling SCADA system operators to extend our neural network models with site-specific network attack traces. Our results using realistic SCADA traffic data sets show that the proposed deep-learning-based approach is well-suited for network intrusion detection in SCADA systems, achieving high detection accuracy and providing the capability to handle newly emerged threats.
Weak Solution of the Navier–Stokes Inequality with a Point Blow-Up

In this chapter, we construct the first of Scheffer’s counterexamples that is a weak solution of the Navier–Stokes inequality that blows up in finite time at a point.
Limited Dynamic Forecasting of Hidden Markov Models

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) have emerged as an empirical “workhorse” in the marketing literature in capturing and forecasting within-customer non-stationary behaviors. Extant research has demonstrated that HMMs typically outperform nested benchmarks when examining fit statistics aggregated over individuals and time, but have remained largely silent on the set of dynamic out-of-sample forecasting paths offered by an HMM at the individual level. We examine the capabilities of a two-state HMM using theory and reveal a surprising result: an HMM’s forecasting paths are generally limited to monotonic mean-reverting trajectories. Specifically, they lack the notable flexibility associated with the in-sample state-switching imputations, which are generally (but, as we show, erroneously) presumed to exist in the holdout sample as well. Further, we find that common HMM extensions such as adding more hidden states, allowing for heterogeneity, allowing for covariates, and using hidden semi-Markov models do not alleviate the limited forecasting flexibility. Using a simulation design, we show how these limitations can affect forecasting performance empirically. We discuss implications of the limited forecasting properties of HMMs for researchers and managers.
Squamous Papilloma Arising From Within a Branchial Cleft Cyst

Abstract Purpose To report an unusual occurrence of HPV infection manifesting as a squamous papilloma within a branchial cleft cyst. Study Design /Methods: Case report and review of literature. Results A 64-year-old male presented with a history of recurrent oropharyngeal papillomas concurrent with a cystic neck lesion. Initial FNA biopsy was suspicious for a cystic nodal metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma. Upon excision of the neck mass, histopathologic analysis revealed a squamous papilloma arising from within a branchial cleft cyst. HPV positivity was confirmed with in-situ hybridization. The patient remains disease free after 75 months of follow-up. Conclusions HPV infections of the upper respiratory tract are potentially transmissible into the neck via a branchial anomaly. Oncologic considerations are discussed.
Guiding and Trapping Cracks With Compliant Inclusions for Enhancing Toughness of Brittle Composite Materials

The problem of toughening heterogeneous materials with a stiff matrix and compliant inclusions is investigated through numerical simulations and experiments. Specifically, the problem of optimizing a combination of effective toughness and effective elastic modulus in the context of a square array of compliant inclusions in a stiff matrix is explored. Crack propagation in the heterogeneous material is simulated using a variational phase-field approach. It is found that the crack can meander between or get attracted to and trapped in the inclusions. Composite specimens with a stiff matrix and compliant circular inclusions were 3D printed, and their fracture toughness was measured using a specially designed loading fixture. The experimental results show agreement with the numerical predictions by demonstrating the attraction and trapping of cracks in the inclusions. This study demonstrates the potential for significant enhancement of toughness through elastic compliance contrast between the matrix and the inclusion without notably compromising the effective elastic modulus of the composite material.
Evaluation of integrated marketing communication strategies used for the Fruits & Veggies Campaign in California and Virginia.

Abstract In 2015, the Partnership for a Healthier America launched the branded Fruits & Veggies (FNV) Campaign to promote fruit and vegetable sales and intake to moms and teens in two California and Virginia pilot markets. The FNV Campaign used a novel, creative approach to promote fruits and vegetables through integrated marketing communication (IMC) strategies. Findings from a mixed-methods process evaluation conducted between 2016 and 2017 were used to explore congruence between stakeholders’ expectations of IMC strategy potential and FNV brand awareness and reach among target audiences. Awareness and recall of IMC strategies were assessed through a cross-sectional survey of target audience respondents (n = 1604) from the pilot markets. Qualitative data regarding IMC strategy potential and influential factors were gathered from stakeholder interviews (n = 22). Approximately 19.6% (n = 315) of respondents were aware of the FNV Campaign. Stakeholders’ perspectives regarding IMC potential aligned with findings that the proportion of aware respondents was significantly (p = 0.008) higher among teens (22%) than moms (17%). Qualitative results also converged with higher proportions of survey respondents recalling brand exposure through social media (46%) and retail settings (30%) than community activities (18%), word of mouth (17.5%), and traditional media advertisements (9.5%). IMC recall did not differ between mom and teen respondents except for significantly (p = 0.02) higher word of mouth recall among teen respondents. Findings support using selected IMC strategies and future involvement of diverse stakeholders. Evaluation results can inform future research and practice to improve IMC strategy reach and influence as the FNV Campaign expands to new markets nationwide.
Increased ischemic complications in fenestrated and branched endovascular abdominal aortic repair compared with standard endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Objective Ischemic complications (including in the lower extremity, visceral, spinal, and pelvic territories) following standard endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) are well recognized but fortunately uncommon. The incidence of such complications following fenestrated and branched aortic repair (F/BEVAR) has not been well defined in the literature. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of ischemic complications between EVAR and F/BEVAR and to elucidate potential risk factors for these complications. Methods We identified all patients who underwent EVAR from 2003 to 2017 or F/BEVAR from 2012 to 2017 in the national Vascular Quality Initiative database. We assessed differences in perioperative ischemic outcomes with methods including logistic regression and inverse probability of treatment propensity score weighting, using a composite end point of lower extremity ischemia, intestinal ischemia, stroke, or new dialysis as the primary end point. Results The data comprised 35,379 EVAR patients and 3374 F/BEVAR patients. F/BEVAR patients were more likely to be female, have had previous aneurysm repairs, and be deemed unfit for open aneurysm repair; they were less likely to have ruptured aneurysms; and they had higher estimated blood losses, contrast volumes, and fluoroscopy and procedure times. The incidence of any ischemic event (7.7% vs 2.2%) as well as the incidences of the component end points of lower extremity ischemia (2.3% vs 1.0%), intestinal ischemia (2.7% vs 0.7%), stroke (1.5% vs 0.3%), and new hemodialysis (3.1% vs 0.4%) were all significantly increased (all P Conclusions Rates of lower extremity ischemia, intestinal ischemia, new dialysis, and stroke each range from 0% to 1% for standard EVAR and 1% to 3% for F/BEVAR. The incidence of perioperative ischemic complications following F/BEVAR is significantly increased compared to EVAR. The real-world data in this study should help guide decision-making for surgeons and patients as well as serve as one metric for progress in device and technique development. Improvements in ischemic complications may come from continued technology development such as smaller sheaths, improved imaging to decrease procedure time and contrast volume, embolic protection, and increased operator skill with wire and catheter manipulation
INVITED: A 0.26% BER, Machine-Learning Resistant 10 28 Challenge-Response PUF in 14nm CMOS Featuring Stability-Aware Adversarial Challenge Selection

A 1028 challenge-response strong-PUF circuit is fabricated in 14nm CMOS, demonstrating modeling attack resistance across 6-million training samples. Two-stage nonlinearly cascaded PUF array organization with adversarial challenge selection increases modeling complexity by 4×, limiting ML attack accuracy to ~50%. A configurable cross-coupled inverter-based entropy source with stability-aware challenge pruning enables 9.8× higher array density, linearly-scaling enrollment data and worst-case bit-error-rate of 0.26% measured across 650-850mV, 0-100°C operation.
Challenges in managing ST elevation myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may contribute to delayed presentations of acute myocardial infarction. Delayed presentation with late reperfusion is often associated with an increased risk of mechanical complications and adverse outcomes. Inherent delays are possible as every patient who is acutely sick is being considered a potential case or a career of COVID-19. Also, standardized personal protective equipment precautions are established for all members of the team, regardless of pending COVID-19 testing which might further add to delays. AIM: To compare performance measures and clinical outcomes of all patients who presented to our facility with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic to same time cohort from 2019. METHODS: All patients who presented to our facility with STEMI during the pandemic were compared to a matched cohort during the same time period in 2019. STEMI with unknown time of symptom onset and inpatient STEMI patients were excluded. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in-hospital and up to 14 d after STEMI, including death, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, or stroke. Significant differences among groups for continuous variables were tested through ANOVA, using SYSTAT, version 13. Chi-square tests of association were used to compare patient characteristics among groups using SYSTAT. Relative risk scores and associated tests for significance were calculated for discrete variables using MedCalc (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium). RESULTS: There was a significantly longer time interval from symptom onset to first medical contact (FMC) in the COVID-19 group (P 50%) lesion(s) remote from the culprit site. In-hospital and 14 d MACE were more prevalent in the COVID-19 group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This single academic center study in the United States suggests that there is a delay in patients with STEMI seeking medical attention during the COVID-19 pandemic which could be translating into worse clinical outcomes.
Incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Hospitalized Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Who Had Anticoagulation Interruption: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the leading causes of acute ischemic stroke requiring anticoagulation. Many patients experience treatment interruption in the hospital setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anticoagulation interruption on short-term risk of ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients with AF. Methods: We performed a retrospective medical record review using the Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) database. We included patients admitted to our institution between December 2015 and December 2018 who had a prior history of AF. Patients were excluded if they had ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, history venous thromboembolism or mechanical valve on admission. We compared the incidence of ischemic stroke in patients in whom anticoagulation was interrupted for more than 48 h to those who continued anticoagulation. Results: A total of 2,277 patients with history of AF were included in the study. In this cohort, 79 patients (3.47%) had anticoagulation interruption of more than 48 h during their hospital stay. There was no difference in incidence of stroke between the interruption and no interruption groups (1.27% (n = 1) vs. 0.23% (n = 5), P = 0.19). Interruption of anticoagulation did not associate with a significant increase in the risk of in-hospital ischemic stroke. CHA 2 DS 2 VASc score was a strong predictor of in-hospital stroke risk regardless of anticoagulation interruption (odds ratio: 7.199, 95% confidence interval: 2.920 - 17.751). Conclusion: In this study, the in-hospital incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with AF did not significantly increase by short-term anticoagulation interruption. Cardiol Res. 2021;12(4):225-230 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cr1263
A longitudinal study examining the associations of bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among sexual minority adolescents.

INTRODUCTION Roughly one-third of sexual minority adolescents (SMA) report at least one lifetime suicide attempt. Supportive connections are protective for ideation, yet little is known about this association with SMA-especially longitudinally. METHODS Five-step logistic regressions examined the associations of bullying, SMA, and ideation, and also how connectedness mediates this from age 9 and 15 (Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study; N = 3,023 adolescents). RESULTS At age 9, SMA reported higher levels of daily bullying compared with heterosexual peers (26% versus 14%), and at age 15, SMA reported daily (7%) and weekly (20%) bullying. SMA (32%) reported ideation compared with their heterosexual peers (13%) at age 15. Parental and school connectedness protected adolescents regardless of sexual orientation for SI, but parental attachment buffered the effect of SMA ideation more than school connectedness. CONCLUSION Impressing upon schools to be mindful of bullying on their campuses, especially of SMA, is crucial for suicide prevention as we found heterosexual students connected to their school were protected from ideation, yet this was not found for SMA. Strong parent-child bonds can mediate the effects of bullying while at school, speaking to the importance of having at least one trusted adult in an adolescent's life.
Child Safety in the Smart Home: Parents' Perceptions, Needs, and Mitigation Strategies

Concerns about child physical and digital safety are emerging with families' adoption of smart home technologies such as robot vacuums and smart speakers. To better understand parents' definitions and perceptions of child safety regarding smart home technologies, we interviewed 23 parents who are smart home adopters. We contribute insights into parents' perceptions of the physical and digital safety risks smart home technologies pose to children, and how such perceptions formed and changed across three phases. In acquiring smart home devices, parents already considered whether the device could cause physical harm to their children or pose privacy and security risks. Once children become active users of smart home technologies, parents however reported encountering unanticipated physical safety risks and digital safety issues (e.g., exposure to unsuitable content) that required their mitigation strategies. As their children grow up, parents further expressed the need to shift attention from physical safety to digital safety. Parents' safety perceptions influence how they involve children in smart home interactions and implement mitigation strategies, such as restricting access to certain devices and using parental controls. We identify six factors that shape parents' perception and evaluation of smart home safety risks to children, including parenting style, parents' tech-savviness, parents' trust in tech companies, children's age and developmental differences, news media, and device characteristics. We provide design and policy recommendations to better protect children's safety in the smart home environment.
Maternal risk factors in asthma

There is now increasing evidence that maternal factors may play a role in the development of asthma and asthma-related syndromes in children. For years it has been known that younger mothers are more likely to have children who develop wheezing illnesses in early life. It has been suggested that the development of the lung may differ in children of younger mothers compared to that in children of older mothers, but the biology of this association is not well understood. Recent data suggest that there is a much stronger association of allergic conditions in early life with allergic disease in the mother than in the father. Maternal asthma is more strongly associated with childhood asthma than is paternal asthma. The influence of the pattern of immune responsiveness in the mother on the ontogeny of the immune system in children needs further exploration, and it may offer new clues as to the factors determining the development of asthma and allergy in children.
The mechanism of replication of φX174 single-stranded DNA: II. The role of viral proteins☆☆☆

Abstract We have studied the replication of φX174 DNA in Escherichia coli infected with various amber mutants (cistrons I to VII) of φX. Previous research showing that some of these mutants are able to form replicative form (RF) DNA but are unable to produce net amounts of viral progeny single-stranded DNA has been confirmed and extended. Evidence is presented that a defect in any one of four viral cistrons prevents the asymmetric replication of the RF to produce progeny viral DNA. At least four virus-coded proteins, three of which are part of the mature virion, must be present before single-stranded DNA synthesis can even be initiated; the possibility that single-stranded DNA is made and then degraded or converted to RF is eliminated. Mutants in one cistron (II) do permit the asymmetric replication of RF at late times, but the displaced viral strand is incorporated into a defective particle and subsequently may be partially degraded. Both RFI (superhelix) and RFII are present in roughly comparable amounts throughout the normal latent period in infections with wild-type phage or any of the phage mutants.
To Incubate Progress

Innovation Nation . How America Is Losing Its Innovation Edge, Why It Matters, and What We Can Do to Get It Back. By John Kao . Free Press, New York, 2007. 319 pp. $26, C$29.99. ISBN 9781416532682. Kao discusses existing roadblocks to technological innovation (especially in the United States) and suggests actions that he argues will promote the discovery and development of new ideas and thus improve prosperity and economic security.
Diet and nutrition as risk factors for multiple myeloma among blacks and whites in the United States.

Objectives: To explore whether dietary factors contribute to the risk of multiple myeloma and the two-fold higher incidence among blacks compared to whites in the United States. Methods: Data from a food-frequency questionnaire were analyzed for 346 white and 193 black subjects with multiple myeloma, and 1086 white and 903 black controls who participated in a population-based case–control study of multiple myeloma in three areas of the United States. Results: Elevated risks were associated with obese vs. normal weight (OR = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–3.1 for whites and OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.9–2.4 for blacks), while the frequency of obesity was greater for black than white controls. Reduced risks were related to frequent intake of cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6–0.99) and fish (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5–0.9) in both races combined, and to vitamin C supplements in whites (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.5–0.9) and blacks (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.5–1.4), with the frequency of vitamin supplement use being greater for white than black controls. However, frequent intake of vitamin C from food and supplements combined was associated with a protective effect in whites (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.9), but not blacks (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8–2.1). Conclusions: The greater use of vitamin C supplements by whites and the higher frequency of obesity among blacks may explain part of the higher incidence of multiple myeloma among blacks compared to whites in the United States. In addition, the increasing prevalence of obesity may have contributed to the upward trend in the incidence of multiple myeloma during recent decades.
Isolation and Translation of mRNA Encoded by a Specific Region of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genome

We have examined in detail the major mRNA species encoded by the region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome encoded by Hin dIII fragment K (0.53-0.59 from the left end of the prototype arrangement of the genome) by using this restriction fragment bound to cellulose as a reagent for isolation of this mRNA. Before viral DNA replication in infected cells (early), a major species of viral mRNA 5.2 kilobases (kb) in length is abundant. After the onset of viral DNA replication (late), four mRNA species are abundant: 7, 5.2, 3.8, and 1.8 kb in size. We have used reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus to make DNA complementary to these RNA species and their 3′ ends. We have shown by hybridization of this complementary DNA to Southern blots of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA that the 7-, 5.2-, and 1.8-kb mRNA species have their 3′ ends to the right of 0.59 and are at least partially colinear. The 3.8-kb mRNA has a 3′ end mapping to the left of the 3′ ends of these other species. In vitro translation of Hin dIII fragment K-specific mRNA in a reticulocyte lysate system yielded three major polypeptide products: 140,000, 122,000, and 54,000 daltons (d). Less prominent species of 86,000 and 65,000 d also were produced. Translation of size-fractionated Hin dIII fragment K-specific mRNA showed that the 7-, 5.2-, and 3.8-kb mRNA9s encoded the 54,000-, 140,000-, and 122,000-d polypeptides, respectively. The 140,000-d polypeptide was the major polypeptide translated using early Hin dIII fragment K-specific mRNA as a template. The 3.8-kb mRNA also encoded the 86,000-d polypeptide, whereas the 1.8-kb mRNA encoded a polypeptide that was indistinguishable from the 54,000-d polypeptide encoded by the 7-kb mRNA, in addition to the 65,000-d polypeptide. The implications of the data are discussed. Images
Constrained, Convenient, and Symbolic Consumption: Neighborhood Food Environments and Economic Coping Strategies among the Urban Poor.

Residents of poor and minority neighborhoods have less access to healthy, affordable food than their counterparts in more advantaged neighborhoods, and these disparities translate into population-level health disparities by race and socioeconomic status. Current research debates the extent of these disparities and how they translate into unequal health outcomes, but it has paid less attention to the micro-level decision-making processes and strategies residents employ to access food in the context of constrained personal and neighborhood resources. We examined this gap in the literature using data from in-depth qualitative interviews with 66 poor residents of three urban neighborhoods with varying nutritional environments. We found that economic and geographic constraints strongly influenced where and how residents shopped, but within those constraints, residents developed a number of adaptive strategies to maximize the quality and variety of their groceries. We also found that higher-quality stores and purchases were important to residents not only for their material benefits—such as health and cost—but also for their symbolic value. The presence of many stores, close stores, and high-quality stores offered opportunities for symbolic consumption and boosted neighborhood reputations but also created settings for social exclusion. These results illuminate how inequalities in nutritional environments shape residents’ lived experiences and highlight residents’ agency and resourcefulness in responding to such constraints.