cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation of oral dosage forms by whole body liquid scintillometry.

A large volume liquid scintillation detector was used to determine rates of excretion, absorption, and intercompartmental clearance in ambulatory dogs. A γ-emitting test substance was administered intravenously, orally in aqueous solution, and orally in sustained and delayed-release dosage forms. Unanesthetized female dogs were partially restricted, catheterized, and fasted prior to dosing. Where applicable, plots of log per cent whole body retention as a function of time were resolved into linear components following apparent first-order kinetics. The rate constants of these components were calculated and compared. Sustained-release forms were prepared which exhibited zero-order release characteristics in vitro and in vivo , and the characteristics of an enteric coated dosage form were compared after in vitro and in vivo testing. The procedure provided such parameters as absorption, excretion, release, and the effect of formulation techniques and formula variation on the biological availability of the test substance employed without the necessity of excreta and blood sampling and analysis.
Effect of Ouabain on Skin and Skeletal Muscle Vascular Beds in the Dog Forelimb

SummaryOuabain was infused into the brachial artery of the dog forelimb for one hour and the resistances to blood flow through the skin and skeletal muscle vascular beds were calculated. Skin vascular resistance progressively increased whereas skeletal muscle resistance initially increased and then returned to the control value. This difference between the responses in these two parallel beds was entirely accounted for by changes in small vessel segments. There was no difference in the responses of the large arteries in the two beds.
High-performance nanostructured MR contrast probes

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a powerful technique in biological molecular imaging and clinical diagnosis. With the rapid progress in nanoscale science and technology, nanostructure-based MR contrast agents are undergoing rapid development. This is in part due to the tuneable magnetic and cellular uptake properties, large surface area for conjugation and favourable biodistribution. In this review, we describe our recent progress in the development of high-performance nanostructured MR contrast agents. Specifically, we report on Gd-enriched nanostructured probes that exhibit T1 MR contrast and superparamagnetic Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 nanostructures that display T2 MR contrast enhancement. The effects of nanostructure size, shape, assembly and surface modification on relaxivity are described. The potential of these contrast agents for in vitro and in vivo MR imaging with respect to colloidal stability under physiological conditions, biocompatibility, and surface functionality are also evaluated.
The synthesis of deuterium enriched (+)‐propoxyphene

(+)-Propoxyphene, benzyl-d7 and (+)-propoxyphene, N, N-dimethyl-6 were prepared by literature methods for use to study the metabolism of deuterium enriched (+)-propoxyphene.
Effects of teachers' reading-aloud styles on vocabulary acquisition and comprehension of students in the early elementary grades.

Effects of just reading, performance reading, and interactional reading-aloud styles on learning were assessed for 117 1st graders and 129 3rd graders. Preservice teachers, trained and guided by scripted procedures, read 2 informational storybooks to students using 1 of the styles. Multivariate analyses of variance and univariate tests showed that reading-aloud styles produced statistically significant effects on vocabulary acquisition and comprehension and similar results at each grade level. Differences in comprehension means for reading style treatments were statistically significant for 1 book only. Vocabulary acquisition was facilitated more by interactional reading than performance reading. Both verbally mediated styles resulted in greater vocabulary learning than just reading. Results extend previous findings on reading-aloud styles and are congruent with sociolinguistic and transactional theories.
Study of a Parametron on an Analog Computer

It is possible to describe the behavior of a parametron [1] by Mathieu's equation after introducing certain simplifications. However, for an accurate, quantitative analysis, one has to take into account the nonlinear periodic change of parameters. In order to study the behavior more accurately, especially the transient behavior, an analog computer was employed to simulate a low-speed parametron. The basic circuit of a variable-inductance parametron is shown in Fig. 1.
Integrated All-fiber Thulium-doped PCF Pump Combiner

An integrated thulium-doped photonic crystal fiber pump combiner is characterized for potential use in an ultrashort pulse amplifier. Spectral modulations were mitigated with amplification, and further investigations into coupling efficiencies and gain are ongoing.
EVENT AND TEMPORAL EXPRESSION EXTRACTION FROM RAW TEXT: FIRST STEP TOWARDS A TEMPORALLY AWARE SYSTEM

Extracting temporal information from raw text is fundamental for deep language understanding, and key to many applications like question answering, information extraction, and document summarization. Our long-term goal is to build complete temporal structure of documents and use the temporal structure in other applications like textual entailment, question answering, visualization, or others. In this paper, we present a first step, a system for extracting events, event features, main events, temporal expressions and their normalized values from raw text. Our system is a combination of deep semantic parsing with extraction rules, Markov Logic Network classifiers and Conditional Random Field classifiers. To compare with existing systems, we evaluated our system on the TempEval-1 and TempEval-2 corpus. Our system outperforms or performs competitively with existing systems that evaluate on the TimeBank, TempEval-1 and TempEval-2 corpus and our performance is very close to inter-annotator agreement of the TimeBank annotators.
Effects of phenethyl alcohol on chromosomes of Allium cepa.

Roots of Allium cepa have been treated with phenethyl alcohol. Two per cent phenethyl alcohol inhibited growth completely. At lower concentrations, removal of the inhibitor allowed at least a partial recovery. In the treated root tip cells, the chromosomes fail to coil and condense even after colchicine treatment. Often the chromosomes give a peculiar appearance involving the alteration of chromatic and achromatic segments giving an eroded or beaded appearance. Acentric fragments, achromatic lesions, general stickiness and bridges at anaphase are also encountered. It is suggested that the inhibition of growth and visible effects on the chromosomes following the treatment might be the result of two separate processes.
HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC BONE DISEASE (HBD) OF CHILDHOOD; A “NEW” ENTITY

Four male probands presented with severe leg bowing after 1 yr of age. During 41 patient-yrs of observation, linear growth remained near the 3rd percentile (Tanner charts); bone X-rays show only coarse trabeculation and sclerosis in stress areas. Microradiography (R. Steendijk, Amsterdam) shows poor mineralization of forming osteones and perilacunar areas. Serum [Pi] is <1 mM, as it is in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH); TRPi is significantly higher (76±7.3 μmoles/100 ml GF) in HBD than in XLH (31±2.8 μmoles/100 ml GF, p<0.01) at the equivalent serum [Pi]. Tubular responses to bovine PTH and TmPi are abnormal (depressed) in HBD but different from XLH. Serum iPTH and 25-OHD are normal in HBD. 1α-DHD3 by mouth (3-4 μg/d × 8 wk) does not restore TRPi or serum [Pi] to normal. The equivalent hypophosphatemias are clearly the result of different Pi transport defects in HBD and XLH; the more severe, rachitic bone disease in XLH points to an additional defect involving Pi access to bone in that disease. Pedigree studies indicate that HBD is not X-linked; otherwise the inheritance of the condition remains unclear.
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA AND ALTERED HEMODYNAMICS ON PREPROENDOTHELIN-1 mRNA EXPRESSION IN THE ADULT RAT LUNG • 1808

EFFECTS OF CHRONIC HYPOXIA AND ALTERED HEMODYNAMICS ON PREPROENDOTHELIN-1 mRNA EXPRESSION IN THE ADULT RAT LUNG • 1808
Quick to berate, slow to sleep: interpartner psychological conflict, mental health, and sleep.

Interpartner psychological conflict (IPC), defined as the use of nonphysical but potentially hurtful behaviors during conflict such as yelling, name calling, and using verbal threats (Schumacher, Slep, & Heyman, 2001) is common in intimate relationships, with estimates of prevalence ranging from nearly 3 out of 4 couples in engaged and nonclinic married couples up to nearly all couples in a marital therapy clinic reporting at least one incidence of IPC (Murphy & Cascardi, 1999). Though most of IPC is relatively mild in comparison to physical aggression, IPC still has been associated with a wide range of negative consequences for its recipient, from increased drug use to poorer mental health to an increased risk of chronic diseases (Coker et al., 2002). In fact, some have even suggested that the effects of IPC are worse than those of physical violence in community samples (Lawrence, Yoon, Langer, & Ro, 2009), which is consistent with what victims of violence themselves report (Follingstad, Rutledge, Berg, Hause, & Polek, 1990). A new line of work suggests the negative effects of IPC reverberate not only through the day but into the night, with recent work finding IPC impeded individual’s self-reported sleep quality (Rauer & El-Sheikh, 2012; Rauer, Kelly, Buckhalt, & El-Sheikh, 2010). Poor sleep has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, in addition to exacerbating the negative effects of preexisting conditions, such as arthritis and cognitive impairment (Dew et al., 2003; Eguchi et al., 2008; Strine & Chapman, 2005). Given the well-documented costs of sleep problems for well-being and longevity, the finding that IPC leads to sleep problems may help explain why these same individuals are more vulnerable to serious health issues. However, to our knowledge, all existing studies of the effects of IPC on sleep have relied solely on subjective reports of sleep, which obscures a more nuanced view of how IPC is associated with objective sleep parameters, including quality and duration, which have unique antecedents and consequences for health (Friedman, 2011; Goldman et al., 2007). For example, sleep duration has been linked to a greater mortality risk (Patel et al., 2004), whereas sleep quality but not quantity has been linked to health complaints and mood disturbances (Pilcher, Ginter, & Sadowsky, 1997). Building on this scant literature, we examined relations between IPC and multiple actigraphy-based sleep parameters including duration and quality. Actigraphy provides a thorough objective assessment of sleep–wake patterns in naturalistic settings (Sadeh, Raviv, & Gruber, 2000) and is being used increasingly in studies that examine relations between sleep and health (Hanson & Chen, 2010). By understanding what aspects of sleep are most impeded by interpartner conflict and how, we can better identify how recipients of IPC may be at risk for later health problems.
Localization of serotonin within tanycytes of the rat median eminence.

Formaldehyde and glyoxylic acid histochemical methods were employed to examine monoamine fluorescence of the rat median eminence. Tanycytes of the median eminence contained a yellow histofluorescence which was verified with microspectrofluorometry as due to the presence of serotonin. Catecholamine-containing varicosities, arranged in linear profiles throughout the depth of the median eminence, were observed. These linear profiles appeared to follow the contours of serotonin-containing tanycytes. Organculture experiments supported the hypothesis that the serotonin associated with tanycytes is localized within the tanycytes and does not arise from an extrahypothalamic source of nerve terminals. These data provide evidence that a tanycytic catecholamine-indoleamine morphological juxtaposition occurs in a manner reminiscent of that of another circumventricular organ, the pineal.
Aggressive tendencies and levels of a graded display: Factor analysis of response to song playback in the redwinged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)

The aggressive tendencies of territorial male redwinged blackbirds were tested using playback of conspecific songs and presentation of a male redwing mount. Factor analysis of overt aggressive responses generated three orthogonal indices of aggressive tendencies. These indices were named (1) Distant Approach (rate of flights over, and proportion of time spent within 5 m of, the mount), (2) Proximity (proportions of time spent within radii of 5, 3, and 1 m of the mount), and (3) Attack Latency (latency to perch beside and attack the mount), and were tested for correlation with the threat displays and other behavior of territorial males to assess their aggressive motivation. In addition, the behavior and time budget variables were used in a linear discriminant function analysis of males that attacked the mount during the testing periods and males that did not attack. The Distant Approach factor was negatively correlated with the proportion of time foraging. The Proximity factor was positively correlated with mean Song Spread display intensity and the proportion of time singing and defending, and negatively correlated with proportion of time foraging. Attack Latency was positively correlated with low Song Spread rate and negatively correlated with medium Song Spread rate given by the territorial males when more than 5 m from the mount. Attacking the nonattacking males could be discriminated on the basis of their (1) proportions of time spent foraging and singing and defending the territory; (2) mean Song Spread (intensity) and incipient Song Spread rate when less than 5 m from the mount; and (3) low Song Spread rate when more than 5 m from the mount. These results suggest that the extent or intensity of the Song Spread indicates the level of aggressive motivation in situations where attack is inhibited, and that threat display and other behavior have signal value and indicate to an intruder the probability of attack.
Acute renal failure and renal tubular squamous metaplasia following treatment with streptozotocin

Nephrotoxicity, in the form of transient proteinuria, azotemia, abnormalities of tubular function, and acute renal failure, is the major toxic condition following administration of streptozotocin. The renal morphologic and ultrastructural abnormalities associated with streptozotocin remain poorly defined. We describe a patient with metastatic islet cell tumor of the pancreas who was treated with 16 weekly courses of 1 g/m 2 of streptozotocin without marked change in renal function. Following a six-week hiatus without change in renal function, a single course of 1 g/m 2 of streptozotocin was administered and resulted in acute renal failure. Light microscopic examination of the kidneys showed irregularly dilated renal tubules lined by low cuboid epithelium. The cells were pleomorphic and showed some mitoses. Nuclei were irregular and variably hyperchromatic. Electron microscopic examination disclosed large aggregates of fine microfilaments in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. Microfilament aggregates were both free in the cytoplasm and membrane bound. Microfilaments were proved to be tonofilaments by the demonstration of keratin within the epithelium, using the immunoperoxidase method. These data suggest that squamous metaplasia may be an important part of streptozotocin renal toxicity, and the suggestion is made that they may be an antecedent of neoplastic change.
The effect of denervation and insulin on protein synthesis in the isolated rat diaphragm

Abstract The incorporation of leucine-C14 into proteins of isolated rat diaphragms was studied 1 day to 6 weeks following unilateral phrenicectomy. Denervation caused transitory hypertrophy and subsequent atrophy of the paralyzed hemidiaphragms. Denervated hemidiaphragms utilized more leucine-C14 from the medium and incorporated more C14 from leucine into proteins than the controls during both periods. This was evident from the first day after phrenicectomy. Insulin accelerated the uptake of leucine-C14 from the medium and C14 incorporation into proteins in control hemidiaphragms; but had no further stimulatory effect in the paralyzed pairs. Neither denervation nor insulin affected the apparent space of distribution of leucine-C14 in the tissue water of hemidiaphragms. A nonutilizable amino acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid-1C14 (AIB) penetrated faster into the tissue water of paralyzed hemidiaphragms than into the controls 1 and 3 days after phrenicectomy. Insulin accelerated AIB transport in control muscles, and in paralyzed hemidiaphragms on the first day following denervation. Three days after denervation AIB transport appeared to be maximally stimulated in paralyzed muscles, and insulin had no further accelerating effect. Autoradiography showed no qualitative changes in the tissue distribution of C14 from leucine 3 days after phrenicectomy. The study suggests that insulin accelerates the transport and the incorporation of leucine into proteins of normal diaphragms. The mechanism for incorporation of amino acids into proteins appears to be unimpaired in denervated hemidiaphragms and may operate at an accelerated rate. Accelerated protein catabolism and/or increased “outward transport” of amino acids from the muscle cells may explain the atrophy of denervated rat diaphragms.
A comparison of PL/1 compilers

This short paper will discuss differences between ECMA-ASCII Standard PL/1, specifically as implemented by UNIVAC, and "IBM Standard" as implemented in F level 5 version of IBM PL/1. This will include a discussion of the current status of UNIVAC's PL/1 compiler.
Slip effects associated with Knudsen transport phenomena in porous media

Porous media used in phase separators and thermomechanical pumps have been the subject of characterization efforts based on the Darcy permeability of laminar continuum flow. The latter is not always observed at low speed, in particular at permeabilities below 10 to the -9th/squared cm. The present experimental and theoretical studies address questions of slip effects associated with long mean free paths of gas flow at room temperature. Data obtained are in good agreement, within data uncertainty, with a simplified asymptotic Knudsen equation proposed for porous plugs on the basis of Knudsen's classical flow equation for long mean free paths.
Neuroimmunoprotective effects of estrogen and derivatives in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: therapeutic implications for multiple sclerosis.

The extensive literature and the work from our laboratory illustrate the large number of complex processes affected by estrogen that might contribute to the striking ability of 17β-estradiol (E2) and its derivatives to inhibit clinical and histological signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. These effects require sustained exposure to relatively low doses of exogenous hormone and offer better protection when initiated prior to induction of EAE. However, oral ethinyl estradiol (EE) and fluasterone, which lacks estrogenic side effects, could partially reverse clinical EAE when given after the onset of disease. The three main areas discussed in this review include E2-mediated inhibition of encephalitogenic T cells, inhibition of cell migration into central nervous system tissue, and neuroprotective effects that promote axon and myelin survival. E2 effects on EAE were mediated through Esr1 (α receptor for E2) but not Esr2 (β receptor for E2), as were its antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. A novel finding is that E2 up-regulated the expression of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 that contribute to the activity of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. The protective effects of E2 in EAE suggest its use as therapy for MS, although the risk of cardiovascular disease may complicate treatment in postmenopausal women. This risk could be minimized by using subpregnancy levels of exogenous E2 that produced synergistic effects when used in combination another immunoregulatory therapy. Alternatively, one might envision using EE or fluasterone metabolites alone or in combination therapies in both male and female MS patients. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The distribution of sterols, alkaloids and fatty acids in senita cactus, Lophocereus schottii, over its range in Sonora, Mexico

Abstract Young and old stems of senita cactus have been examined for their sterol, alkaloid and fatty acid content. No systematic cline was observed when these phytochemical characteristics were compared with the location in Sonora where the plants were gathered. Instead, there were significant differences between young and mature stems of a single plant and between the epidermis and cortex of a single stem. These differences did not correlate with plant morphology or with a chromosomal inversion in Drosophila pachea , an insect that uses senita as its sole breeding site.
Group Differences in Risk Across Three Domains Using an Expanded Measure of Sexual Orientation

The purpose of this study was to highlight associations between sexual orientation and risk outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood using an expanded measure of sexual orientation. Recent data indicate higher levels of risk behavior in a newly identified population, mostly heterosexuals, as compared to heterosexuals. Comparisons among groups using an expanded measure of sexual orientation such as this, however, often do not include all possible groups or may restrict comparisons between groups. Data were derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health); participants identified as heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, bisexual, mostly gay, or gay. Main risk outcomes were parental mistreatment, home displacement, thoughts of suicide, depressive symptoms, frequency of drinking, and delinquency. A priori planned comparisons examined differences between: (a) heterosexual vs. mostly heterosexual, (b) gay vs. mostly gay, (c) mostly heterosexual vs. bisexual, (d) mostly gay vs. bisexual, (e) mostly heterosexual vs. mostly gay, (f) heterosexual vs. gay, (g) heterosexual vs. bisexual, and (h) gay vs. bisexual. Mostly heterosexual youth were at significantly greater risk than heterosexual youth on all outcomes but did not differ from bisexual or mostly gay youth. Heterosexuals were at lower risk as compared to mostly heterosexuals and bisexuals. This study provides further evidence of differential risk associations for sexual minorities.
Depressive symptoms, intrusive thoughts, sleep quality and sexual quality of life in women co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and human papillomavirus.

Background: Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience major challenges and often report marked decreases in sexual functioning and quality of life (QOL). HIV-infected women also face challenges concerned with other commonly observed concomitant sexually transmitted organisms, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), which may further affect sexual QOL. Despite advances made in understanding factors that predict sexual functioning and QOL in men with HIV, relatively little is understood about the role of behavioural and emotional factors in women.Methods: As a preliminary inquiry into this question, this study related depressive symptoms, AIDS-related intrusive thoughts and sleep quality with sexual QOL reports in 21 HIV +HPV+ women.Results: We found that depressive symptoms, intrusive thoughts and sleep quality individually predicted poorer sexual QOL. Further analyses suggested that depression mediated the relationship between intrusive thoughts and sexual QOL.Discussion: Implications ...
Decomposition profiles of oxygen sensitive drugs in the presence of antioxidant

AbstractIt is shown that sodium bisulfite, when used in aqueous preparations of p-amino-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-benzamide prevents oxidation for a given length of time. At a point of exhaustion, oxidation of the active substance commences. Both phases are first order in degrading substance. Since oxygen solubility in aqueous media is a function of temperature, an ordinary Arrhenius type extrapolation is not possible. A rational method for extrapolation of accelerated data to room temperature of oxygen sensitive solutions is presented.
STUDIES ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF SPIROCHETES III. THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE NICHOLS PATHOGENIC TREPONEMA PALLIDUM IN THE RABBIT TESTIS AS SEEN BY PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY

A series of observations with the phase contrast microscope on the occurrence of a complex life cycle in the pathogenic Treponema pallidum as it occurs in the syphilitic rabbit testis has been presented and it seems likely from these observations that there are two means of vegetative reproduction, consisting of (1) transverse division (the most important under usual conditions); and (2) the production of gemmae or buds which eventuate into unispirochetal cysts comparable to those described for saprophytic forms, within each of which single spirochetes develop and differentiate, and from which they subsequently emerge. In addition preliminary evidence is presented which suggests that a more complex process is involved in which multispirochetal cysts develop following aggregation of two or more organisms. Within each of these larger cysts numerous organisms develop and subsequently emerge as tangled ropes. Following emergence, they subsequently undergo transverse division and gemmae formation, and so reproduce vegetatively. Subsequent papers will elaborate upon these processes.
Preliminary Investigation of Boiling and Transpiration of Water in a Porous Media Cooled With an Air Flow

This paper describes a study focused on heat and mass transfer through various porous media involving both boiling and transpiration. Heat was supplied to a porous structure immersed in water. Water was boiled at the base of the porous material and in some cases advected from the porous structure by air blown over its surface. The porous media was expected to provide higher heat fluxes than those attained during pool boiling by providing additional surface area and by increasing the number of nucleation sites. The behavior was studied from just below the boiling point and into the nucleate boiling regime. The experimental apparatus consisted of a 2.5 cm square jet impinging onto a 2.5 cm square porous sample. A total of four copper foam samples and one carbon graphite foam sample were tested. The foam sample was placed in contact with a 2.5 cm square heated surface. Water was supplied through the sides of the porous sample and was able to leave the system as a vapor through the top surface of the sample, where it was advected away. It was determined that the presence of an impinging jet had no noticeable effect on heat flux. Up to 60% enhancement in heat flux was observed, compared to boiling of the plain surface. Contact resistance was significant and mitigated the affects of sample thermal conductivity.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Is market power destructive? An undergraduate assignment using Adam Smith’s criticisms of monopolies

This paper describes an assignment where students evaluate a current industry using Adam Smith’s arguments against monopoly power. Using Smith’s arguments, students write a paper describing whether they believe a current industry, such as the US cellular phone carrier industry, suffers from the problems Smith described in The Wealth of Nations. This assignment invites students to take ownership over a current issue while developing a deep understanding of monopolies. By using Smith’s criticisms of monopolies, students will also see that economic ‘truths’ are complicated, even in the classic ‘laissez-faire’ text.
Research priorities for bat conservation in Southeast Asia: a consensus approach

Southeast Asia is a critical area for biodiversity conservation; levels of species richness and endemism are among the highest in the world, but rapid land-use changes endanger much of the region’s fauna. Bats are a critical component of this diversity, comprising nearly a third of Southeast Asia’s mammal species and providing vital ecological and economic services. However, nearly half the species are of conservation concern and as many as 40% of bat species are predicted to be extinct by the end of this century if current deforestation rates persist. Conservation efforts are urgently needed, and the taxonomic continuity of Southeast Asia and the prevalence of major threats throughout suggest that a region-wide initiative could be an effective approach. The Southeast Asian Bat Conservation Research Unit (SEABCRU) was established in 2007 to provide an organizational framework to both accelerate the advancement of bat research, and to coordinate conservation efforts. The SEABCRU is an informal collaboration among institutes, NGOs and individuals and provides a web-based forum for the growing number of researchers and outreach workers to interact and coordinate activities. It was launched at the 1st International Southeast Asian Bat Conference in Thailand (May 2007), during which a forum was held to derive conservation research priorities using a consensus approach. Four priorities were identified by participants: flying fox conservation and monitoring, taxonomy, conservation of cave-dependent bats, and conservation of forest-dependent bats. Here I provide an overview of the rationales behind these priorities and list the specific recommendations for the actions identified.
On the effect of the rigid sidewall on the dynamic stiffness of embedded circular footings

The effect of the rigid sidewall, which is usually combined with embedded footings, on the dynamic stiffness of the footings is considered. An efficient numerical technique is used to calculate the static and dynamic stiffness of circular footings embedded in a stratum. The results show that the increase in static stiffness with increasing height of the sidewall is most significant in the case of rocking. The dynamic stiffness coefficients change considerably, if the sidewall extends higher than about half the depth of embedment. The damping coefficients corresponding to vertical vibrations and rocking are likewise affected by the height of the sidewall. The damping coefficients corresponding to torsional and horizontal vibrations increase considerably with increasing height of the sidewall.
Evaluation of a rapid screening method for chemical contaminants of concern in four food-related matrices using QuEChERS extraction, UHPLC and high resolution mass spectrometry.

A method combining QuEChERS extraction, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography and full scan high resolution mass spectrometry was evaluated for its use in screening for chemical residues and contaminants in animal-related food matrices. The method was evaluated by analysis of multiple replicates of whole milk, muscle tissue, liver tissue and corn silage. Analytes tested included plant alkaloids, carbamate and organophosphate pesticides, and several types of veterinary drugs. A database containing the chemical formula for each analyte was used to calculate accurate mass-to-charge ratios for expected pseudo-molecular ions. This information, as well as retention times, was used to identify analytes. Of 118 compounds chosen for analysis, 86 were detectable in all fortified replicates of at least one matrix at levels ranging from 1.0 to 5000 ng/g. Variability of response, as measured in % relative standard deviation of peak areas over seven replicate fortified sample analyses, was found to differ among the classes of analytes, ranging from 100%. Retention times were stable and analytes were routinely detected at measured mass-to-charge ratios within 2 ppm of their theoretical mass-to-charge ratios. These results indicate that the combination of generic extraction and chromatographic procedures with full scan high resolution mass spectrometry can serve as a useful method for screening complex matrices.
Effects of coal liquid water-soluble fractions on growth and survival of four aquatic organisms

Toxicities of water soluble fractions (WSF) derived from a fresh and a water-leached solvent-refined coal (SRC II) material were compared by observing freshwater organism response to chronic exposure. Concentrations, relative distributions, and loss over time of phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons differed between aqueous extracts derived from fresh and leached SRC II material. Readily water-soluble phenols predominated in initial WSFs; higher molecular weight compounds with relatively lower solubility predominated in leached WSFs. Suppression of growth, reproduction and survival of invertebrates,Chironomus tentans, Tanytarsus dissimilis, andDaphnia magna and the algaeSelenastrum capricornutum, were observed at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.42% of WSFs derived from fresh SRC II liquid and 0.80 to 3.95% of WSFs derived from leached SRC II material. Alga populations were the least sensitive to WSFs generated from the coal liquid. Based on equal concentrations of carbon or phenols, solutions derived from leached SRC II liquids were usually more toxic to test species. Data suggest that tests of potential long-term effects of complex materials must be designed and interpreted on the basis of organism exposure to compounds most likely to persist in the environment.
Advancing Species Protection With a Revised Agency Mission: The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and Assessment '87

Organizational missions are thought to guide decision-making by natural resource agency officials, particularly when officials must prioritize among competing responsibilities. It is unknown, however, whether officials will rearrange their priorities in response to a fundamental change in their organizational mission. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation provided an opportunity to examine this question when it revised its mission from water development to environmentally sensitive water management with a commitment to species conservation in 1987. A comparison of all major Reclamation decisions before and after the change suggests that the new mission compelled Reclamation officials to give greater priority to the needs of endangered and threatened species than they had in previous decisions. Missions may be an important factor determining how environmental laws are implemented during agency decision-making.
Rapid enzyme kinetic assays of individual Drosophila and comparisons of field-caught D. melanogaster and D. simulans.

Techniques for performing numerous enzyme kinetic assays with minimum time and effort would be valuable to studies of the evolutionary genetics of metabolic control and the quantitative genetics of determinants of kinetic parameters. Microtiter plate readers have been used for a variety of repetitious analytical techniques, and instruments are available that can take repetitive readings with sufficient speed to perform kinetic assays. The ability of these instruments to assay rapidly the kinetic properties of small samples makes them potentially useful for a number of problems in population genetics. While the ability to handle large numbers of samples is very attractive, the small sample volumes and optical imprecision of microtiter plates result in some sacrifice in accuracy. This paper presents methods for performing kinetic assays on individual field-caughtDrosophila, quantifies the precision of these methods, and characterizes differences amongDrosophila melanogaster andD. simulans from samples caught in California and Pennsylvania. Comparisons between field-caught and laboratory rearedD. melanogaster show that most of the characters are very similar, with the exception of αGPDH, which has a threefold higher mean activity among field-caught flies. The phenotypic correlations are presented with a brief discussion of their relevance to assessing the evolution of metabolic control of these enzymes.
Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of human coronavirus HKU1 in patients with acute respiratory illness.

In 2005, human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) was isolated and identified from a 71-year-old man with pneumonia in Hong Kong. To identify and classify genotypes of HCoV-HKU1 in Korea, a sensitive, specific, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed and analyzed the sequences of HCoV-HKU1 isolated in Korea. A total of 1,985 respiratory specimens taken from patients with acute respiratory illness were tested for HCoV-HKU1 from January 2007 to May 2008. The major clinical symptoms associated with HCoV-HKU1 infection were examined statistically and sequence variations of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike, and nucleocapsid genes were also analyzed. Fifty cases (2.5%) HCoV-HKU1 were identified by real-time PCR and viral loads ranged from 6.7 × 104 to 1.6 × 109 copies/ml. The clinical symptoms of HCoV-HKU1 infection included rhinorrhea (72%), cough (64%), nasal congestion (56%), fever (32%), sputum (30%), sore throat (18%), chills (16%), postnasal discharge (14%), and tonsillar hypertrophy (10%). There was a seasonal distribution of HCoV-HKU1 infection, peaking in winter and spring. Both genotypes A and B were detected but no recombination between them was found. This is the first report on the identification and genotyping of HCoV-HKU1 as a causative agent of acute respiratory illness in Korea. The data suggest that at least two genotypes, A and B, of HCoV-HKU1 with scattered silent mutations were circulating in Korea from 2007 to 2008. J. Med. Virol. 85:309–314, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Doctoral Dissertations in Technical Writing: An Annotated Bibliography

This bibliography of thirty dissertations summarizes doctoral research in technical writing since 1975. It is intended as the first step in an on-going abstracting service to be performed by the ER...
Visible and ultraviolet (800--130 nm) extinction of vapor-condensed silicate, carbon, and silicon carbide smokes and the interstellar extinction curve

The extinction curves from 800 to 130 nm (1.25-7.7/micron) of amorphous silicate smokes nominally of olivine and pyroxene composition, carbon smokes, and crystalline SiC smokes are presented. The SiC smoke occurred in the low-temperature (beta) cubic structural form. The SiC smoke showed an absorption edge which occurred at significantly longer wavelengths than the calculated extinction profile of the hexagonal SiC form previously used to calculate the interstellar extinction profile. Neither SiC nor amorphous silicates show an extinction band similar to the observed 6.6/micron astronomical extinction band. The infrared absorption peaks for the silicate and SiC samples near 10 microns and 11-13 microns, respectively, were also measured. The ultraviolet to infrared extinction ratio for the amorphous silicate samples is similar to the observed astronomical extinction ratio. The measured extinction ratios for SiC smokes are significantly below the interstellar extinction ratio. The extinction peak of the carbon smokes occurred at 4.0 and 4.25/micron, for samples of mean radii 13 and 6 nm, respectively. The extinction profile is distinctly different from that predicted for graphite grains of the same size, and is similar to that predicted for glassy carbon grains.
Confrontation in Danang: III MAF and the Buddhist Struggle Movement in South Vietnam, 1966

On 13 June 1965, the New York Times reported that twenty "major gov ernment upheavals" had occurred in South Vietnam since the fall of Ngo Dinh Diem in November 1963.2 This short piece listing the vari ous regimes that held power during this brief period illustrates one of the most troubling problems for American policy-makers during the Vietnam War. How could the United States establish a government in Saigon that displayed a sense of legitimacy, viability, and sensitivity to the populace—a government, in other words, that would command the loyalty of the citizens of South Vietnam? Few American officials understood that the lack of Government of South Vietnam (GVN) legitimacy also called forth the Buddhist Struggle Movement since most South Vietnamese had no legal way to confront their government. Buddhist resistance to the GVN, however, remains one of the most contentious and misunderstood issues dur
Thermodynamic analysis of energy dissipation by pharmaceutical tablets during stress unloading.

Abstract A thermodynamic analysis of the energy transformations occurring within pharmaceutical tablets during the unloading phase of compaction was performed on Avicel, calcium phosphate, acetaminophen, and calcium oxalate. This analysis was based on viscoelastic stress data collected using an instrumented rotary press and was conducted for the purpose of determining the extent and nature of energy release, beyond that of force displacement, during this phase of compaction. The four materials investigated were selected to reflect a range of compaction properties, and the viscous vs force‐displacement energy distributions were seen to be consistent with their brittle vs plastic character. Magnesium stearate, added in various concentrations up to 4% w/w, was found to act both as an internal lubricant for particle‐particle slipping and as a moderator of inter‐particulate bonding.
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease: strength of association is related to age at onset.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) epsilon 4 allele frequency among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is increased compared to control subjects and is influenced by the presence of other genetic factors and age at symptom onset. We examined the relationship between age at AD symptom onset and apoE by comparing the apoE epsilon 4 allele frequency of normal, elderly control subjects (n = 107) to that in AD patients (n = 123), divided into four age-at-onset periods. Additionally, the distribution of symptom onset ages of AD patients with and without apoE epsilon 4 alleles was determined. We observed increased apoE epsilon 4 allele frequencies between the AD onset ages of 55 and 75 years, but not at the extremes of onset ages (i.e. onset between 45 and 54 years of age and after age 75). Our data suggests that having an apoE epsilon 4 allele increases the likelihood that AD patients will develop symptoms in the middle range of onset ages. At the extremes of AD onset ages, non-apoE factors, including other genetic factors and age, are more important determinants of risk of developing AD.
Gay Until Proven Straight: Exploring Perceptions of Male Interior Designers from Male Practitioner and Student Perspectives

Given the small percentage of men studying interior design versus the higher percentage of men in the profession, and misperceptions of male designers among the general public, there is a need to examine sexual identity and stereotyping in the interior design industry. While researchers have explored the experiences of gay men working “straight jobs” and men doing “women's work” (e.g., nursing, teaching), very little research to date has focused on the experience of men (gay and straight) in careers that are stereotypically identified with gay men (e.g., hairstyling, dance, flight attendance, fashion design, interior design). The purpose of this paper is to address this gap and explore how sexual orientation influences the experiences and perceptions of male interior design students and professionals. Practitioner participants were identified through membership lists of ASID and IIDA, while male interior design students were contacted through the Interior Design Educators Council (IDEC) “listserv” with faculty assistance. Potential subjects were invited to complete an online survey (30 questions for students, 32 questions for practitioners) in the spring of 2008 using SurveyGold, an online survey tool. One hundred sixteen students completed the survey (N = 116) while 51 practitioners responded (N = 51). Researchers anticipated that male interior designers encountered stereotyping regarding their sexual orientation, and that this in turn may affect their attitudes toward their career, relationships with colleagues and clients, design perspectives, and self-comfort. Survey responses generally supported these assumptions and serve to quantify and bring to light the complexity of this important and unexplored issue.
Two- and three-state conical intersections in the uracil cation

Abstract The excited states of the uracil radical cation have been studied theoretically using multireference configuration interaction and quasidegenerate perturbation theory methods. The ground state is an 2 A″ state and three electronically excited states have been calculated with adiabatic energies 1.00 eV (D 1 ( 2 A′)), 1.79 eV (D 2 ( 2 A″)), and 2.31 eV (D 3 ( 2 A′)). Two-state conical intersections between the ground state D 0 and the first excited state D 1 have been located 0.45 eV above the ground state minimum. Furthermore, three-state conical intersections between the states D 0 , D 1 and D 2 have been located 0.95 eV above the D 0 minimum. These conical intersections may play an important role in photoionization processes in uracil.
Pseudo-consimilarity and semi-consimilarity of complex matrices

Abstract It is shown that the notion of consimilarity of n -by- n complex matrices is equivalent to each of the new concepts of pseudo-consimilarity and semi-consimilarity. This equivalence is unlike similarity in that pseudo-similarity and similarity are equivalent, while semi-similarity is a weaker relation than (pseudo-) similarity.
Validation of a novel method for quantifying and comparing regional ACL elongations during uniaxial tensile loading

Given the complex three-dimensional (3D) knee joint loading associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, accurate site- and bundle-specific strain measurements are critical. The purpose of this study was to quantify tensile load-induced migrations of radio-opaque markers injected directly into the ACL, as a first step in validating a roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis-based method for measuring ligament strain. Small markers were inserted into the femur and tibia, as well as injected into the antero-medial bundle of the ACL of eight (42–56 yrs) femur–ACL–tibia complexes (FATCs). The FATCs were then loaded under tension along the ligament’s longitudinal axis by a material testing machine from 10 N to 50 N, 100 N, 125 N, and 150 N, each over 10 load–unload cycles. Complexes were imaged before the loading protocol, between each loading sequence, and after the protocol via biplane radiography. Marker migrations within the ACL tissue were quantified as the difference in their 3D positions between the pre- and each post-loading condition. Negligible migration was evident, with the lowest average root mean square values observed along the longitudinal axis of the ACL, ranging from 0.128 to 0.219 mm. Further, neither marker location nor load magnitude significantly affected migration values. This innovative method, therefore, presents as a plausible means to measure global and regional ACL strains, as small as 0.75% strain. In particular, it may provide important new insights in ACL strain behaviors during complex 3D knee load states associated with ligament injury.