cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of ovaries following preoperative administration of an extract of pregnancy urine

Abstract 1. 1. A study of ovarian tissue from twenty-four patients following preoperative administration of APL/PU is detailed. 2. 2. Primordial follicles are not affected apparently by such administrations. 3. 3. Degenerative changes apparently resulting from follicle stimulation are described. 4. 4. The end-result of these changes appears in many instances to be follicular cysts, with active granulosa and fairly well preserved ova, and surrounded by a proliferated theca interna with prominent theca lutein cells (theca-lutein cysts) and with increased thecal vascularization. 5. 5. Some evidence is adduced that persistency of preformed corpora lutea may result from such administrations. 6. 6. Attention is called to the apparent difference in response in the ovaries of the younger and older patients with hyperplasia of the endometrium. 7. 7. In general, it is believed that ovulation is not induced by such administrations. 8. 8. The possible action of these extracts in many respects is more typical of the gestational cycle than the menstrual cycle. 9. 9. One should probably expect no material qualitative or quantitative difference in the changes in these ovaries from those of ovaries in pregnancy. 10. 10. One is led to question seriously the clinical value of such action on the ovaries of the nonpregnant woman. 11. 11. Such changes as described are probably temporary in nature and it may be that no permanent damage results.
“Make it Work”: Project Runway and Injunctive Relief in the Television Industry

INTRODUCTION In September 2008, fans and television industry members alike were shocked when the New York Supreme Court issued a preliminary injunction to prevent the airing of one of cable television’s biggest hits, Project Runway.3 The case before the court involved a contractual dispute between NBC Universal (the parent company of Bravo, Project Runway’s old network) and the Weinstein Company, the producers of the show.4 The preliminary injunction prevented the Weinstein Company from moving the successful show to its new home on Lifetime Television because it was alleged that the Weinstein Company failed to honor the contractual right of first refusal held by NBC Universal.5 Most stunning to both the parties to the lawsuit and
Book Review of Rural Social Work: Building and Sustaining Community Capacity, 2nd edition

Book review of Rural Social Work: Building and Sustaining Community Capacity (2nd Edition) by T. Laine Scales, Calvin L. Streeter, and H. Stephen Cooper.
Landscape ecology practice by small scale river conservation groups

Abstract River–floodplain systems, and riparian forests in particular, offer physical contributions to human society such as flood mitigation and the maintenance of water quality, social benefits including the opportunity for recreation and solitude, as well as numerous ecological services. However, midwestern USA river landscapes have undergone much land-use change over time, such as widespread logging, the net loss of grasslands and wetlands, urbanization pressure, and increases in anthropogenic sedimentation. With its focus on spatial and temporal changes, landscape ecology is ideally suited to assess and quantify these riverlands modifications and it is currently used at the national, state, and sub-state level in efforts to restore or manage river and riparian landscapes. This two-part study explores the use of landscape ecology in smaller scale river conservation. First, we interviewed five locally-based, Midwestern non-profit conservation groups that were accomplishing significant river conservation and management work without intricate ecological plans. We found a tacit knowledge of fundamental landscape ecology concepts, and active interpretation to fit particular environmental situations. The groups were receptive to increased assistance from academic ecology, but the content must be clear, succinct, and easily integrated into frontline initiatives. To accomplish this goal, effort is needed from ecologists to construct new methods of delivering such information in an accessible and cost-effective manner. Second, we briefly explore land-use scenarios — based on realistic forest management agendas along the Wisconsin River (USA) — as one possible means of using applied science to assist local conservation efforts in prioritization of land parcels. Various land management scenarios to reinstate floodplain forest often produced similar improvements in metrics of landscape connectivity but differed markedly in the number of landowners affected.
Brachial plexopathy in apical non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive radiation: Dosimetric analysis and clinical implications

Purpose Data are limited on the clinical significance of brachial plexopathy in patients with apical non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) treated with definitive radiation therapy. We report the rates of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP) and tumor-related brachial plexopathy (TRBP) and associated dosimetric parameters in apical NSCLC patients. Methods and Materials Charts of NSCLC patients with primary upper lobe or superiorly located nodal disease who received ≥50 Gy of definitive conventionally fractionated radiation or chemoradiation were retrospectively reviewed for evidence of brachial plexopathy and categorized as RIBP, TRBP, or trauma-related. Dosimetric data were gathered on ipsilateral brachial plexuses (IBP) contoured according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group atlas guidelines. Results Eighty patients were identified with a median follow-up and survival time of 17.2 and 17.7 months, respectively. The median prescribed dose was 66.6 Gy (range, 50.4-84.0), and 71% of patients received concurrent chemotherapy. RIBP occurred in 5 patients with an estimated 3-year rate of 12% when accounting for competing risk of death. Seven patients developed TRBP (estimated 3-year rate of 13%), comprising 24% of patients who developed locoregional failures. Grade 3 brachial plexopathy was more common in patients who experienced TRBP than RIBP (57% vs 20%). No patient who received ≤78 Gy to the IBP developed RIBP. On multivariable competing risk analysis, IBP V76 receiving ≥1 cc, and primary tumor failure had the highest hazard ratios for developing RIBP and TRBP, respectively. Conclusions RIBP is a relatively uncommon complication in patients with apical NSCLC tumors receiving definitive doses of radiation, while patients who develop primary tumor failures are at high risk for developing morbid TRBP. These findings suggest that the importance of primary tumor control with adequate doses of radiation outweigh the risk of RIBP in this population of patients.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of hemangiopericytoma: report of two cases.

The fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) findings in two cases of hemangiopericytoma (HP), arising in the parotid gland and on the inner chest wall, respectively, are reported. Smear preparations in each case showed cytologic features of an undifferentiated spindle-cell neoplasm, whereas a core needle biopsy specimen of the chest wall mass showed a spindle-cell tumor with a "staghorn-like" arrangement of endothelium-lined vascular channels. Immunostains performed on this core biopsy, and on the surgical resection specimens in both cases, showed positive staining of tumor cells for vimentin and CD34, with negative staining for a variety of smooth muscle, epithelial, neural, and neuroendocrine markers. Electron microscopy performed in one case further supported the diagnosis of HP. With adequate sampling and appropriate use of ancillary studies, a diagnosis of HP can be reliably suggested on the basis of FNAB and core biopsy of a soft-tissue mass.
Hypothermic tolerance in an embryonic American kestrel (Falco sparverius)

Embryos of several bird species tolerate acute hypothermia. However, the extent to which it can be tolerated by wild species living under natural conditions is poorly documented. At a single American kestrel (Falco sparverius) nest 15 days into incubation, we observed a 21-h bout of egg neglect by the parents during which nest (egg) temperature averaged 12.7°C. Normal incubation patterns resumed thereafter, and one of three viable eggs hatched 32 days after incubation onset, an incubation period 2.5 days longer than the mean in this study. The nestling appeared to develop and fledge normally. Although embryonic tolerance of extended hypothermia is known to occur in some seabirds, its presence in Falconiformes has not heretofore been recorded. Embryonic hypothermic tolerance may be adaptive in species with extended periods of parental absence during incubation. Resume : Les embryons de plusieurs especes d'oiseaux sont capables de tolerer une forte hyperthermie. Cependant, l'ampleur de cette tolerance chez des especes sauvages vivant dans des conditions naturelles a ete peu etudiee. Nous avons observe un nid de Crecerelles d'Amerique (Falco sparverius) neglige par les parents pendant une periode de 21 h, 15 jours apres le debut de l'incubation; la temperature des oeufs a ete en moyenne de 12,7°C au cours de cette periode. Les parents se sont remis a couver les oeufs normalement apres ce temps et l'un des trois oeufs viables a eclos apres 32 jours d'incubation, une periode de 2,5 jours de plus que l'incubation moyenne evaluee au cours de cette etude. L'oisillon semble s'etre developpe normalement jusqu'a l'envol. Bien que la tolerance embryonnaire a l'hypothermie soit un phenomene courant chez certains oiseaux marins, ce phenomene n'avait jamais ete observe auparavant chez un Falconiforme. La tolerance des embryons a l'hyporthermie peut etre interpretee comme une adaptation chez les especes qui doivent subir de longues absences des parents au cours de l'incubation. (Traduit par la Redaction) Notes 1402
Modulation of γ-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase Large Subunit mRNA Expression by Butylated Hydroxyanisole

Dietary 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) treatment has been shown to increase hepatic glutathione (GSH) content in rats and mice. Subsequent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that hepatic gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) activity is increased in mice treated with dietary BHA. To test whether this increase in GCS activity follows an increase in hepatic messenger RNA for the large subunit of GCS (GCS-LS mRNA), a 390-base pair fragment corresponding to a region near the 5' end of the rat GCS-LS cDNA sequence was amplified using the PCR reaction and used to detect GCS-LS mRNA on Northern blots. Hepatic GSH, GCS activity, and GCS-LS mRNA levels were determined either in mice treated with BHA in the diet for 12 days or mice injected with diethyl maleate (DEM), phorone, and/or DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) over a 24 hr period. BHA caused a 1.5-fold increase in GSH levels, a 1.7-fold increase in hepatic GCS activity by Day 12, and a rapid 5-fold increase in hepatic GCS mRNA levels reaching maximal levels after 2-3 days. Partial depletion of GSH with either phorone (70%) or DEM (50%) resulted in a 4- to 5-fold increase in hepatic GCS-LS mRNA levels by 9 hr and a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in hepatic GSH and GCS activity by 24 hr. Depletion of GSH with the GCS enzyme inhibitor BSO had no effect on GCS mRNA expression, even though GSH was depleted to 30%. When BSO was combined with the phorone treatment GSH levels were depleted to < 10%, but the large increase in GCS-LS mRNA seen with phorone alone was greatly attenuated. These data suggest that depletion of GSH per se, is not sufficient to induce elevation of GCS-LS mRNA levels, but that the formation of GSH conjugates may be required to trigger GCS-LS mRNA induction. The increase in GCS-LS mRNA levels may account for the increase in GCS activity and elevation of GSH observed following BHA treatment, as well as the "rebound" of GSH above control levels observed 18-24 hr following depletion of GSH by other chemicals. These results are consistent with the Michael acceptor, hypothesis by Talalay.
Decision Support Procedure in the Insider Threat Domain

Effective mitigation of the Insider Threat in complex organizations is not simply a matter of 'fire-and-forget'. Thorough routines are required to minimize the chances of malicious insiders going undetected. While detecting policy violations and signatures of known-bad behavior are essential to a broader threat mitigation strategy, it is clear that behavior-based measurements, including anomaly detection and social network analysis, will be crucial to detecting technically savvy malicious users with legitimate network and data access. Due to the large number of potentially malicious behaviors users may display, the main thrust of detection falls in the hands of an analyst capable of correlating these behaviors. Based on our BANDIT system, we offer a 10-step analyst program, which offers a common-sense approach to limiting the damage a malicious trusted user can achieve.
Radiation-Induced Defects in SiO2 as Determined with XPS

Device quality gate oxides (~ 850 A) grown on Si (100) substrates are irradiated with 0 - 20 eV electrons during in situ XPS measurements. These structures have been thinned stepwise to 25 to 60 A using a relatively benign wet-chemical depth-profiling procedure. An analytical method based on oxide/substrate intensity ratios is used to deduce the product of the atomic number density (D) and the electron mean free path (?) as a function of depth for these structures. Samples showing a wide variety of hole trapping efficiencies were examined. Si+3 species are formed in the region of the Si/SiO2 interface and are observed during the course of their relaxation and annihilation. These formation results are correlated with the presence of strained Si-O-Si bonds at the interfaces. Radiation hard and soft structures show different strained bond distributions in the interfacial region. The direct observation of bond cleavage and bond strain gradients in these samples is used to extend silica devitrification models to explain the generation of fixed oxide charge and interface states. This bond strain gradient (BSG) model is shown to be consistent with a variety of experimental EPR and electrical observations of hole- and electron-trap generation by ionizing radiation.
Yeast HAP2 and HAP3 activators both bind to the CYC1 upstream activation site, UAS2, in an interdependent manner.

Abstract Transcriptional activation by the yeast CYC1 upstream activation site UAS2UP1 requires the products of both the HAP2 and HAP3 regulatory genes. We show here that both HAP2 and HAP3 in yeast extracts bind to UAS2UP1 and give rise to a single protein-DNA complex, termed C, in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. That both products are a part of complex C was shown by altering the mobility of the complex by fusing either HAP2 or HAP3 to β-galactosidase. Further, methylation interference footprinting showed that sequences in UAS2UP1 contacted in complex C were identical to those contacted in either fusion protein complex. Binding was centered on the sequence TGATTGGT, also found in the UASs of other genes subject to activation by the HAP2-HAP3 system and homologous to the CCAAT box sequence found in higher cells. The binding of either HAP2 or HAP3 was abolished when synthesized in a strain mutant in the complementary HAP gene. Thus the binding of HAP2 and HAP3 to UAS2UP1 is interdependent. The involvement of multiple gene products in binding to a single site is discussed with reference to other systems in yeast and higher cells.
Pharmacological characterization of the release of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity from the rat hypothalamus

Abstract Radioimmunoassay for NPY and detection by HPLC-EC were used to detect the concurrent release of norepinephrine and NPY from slices of the rat hypothalamus and to examine the modulation by adrenoceptors of the release of this neuropeptide. Basal and potassium-evoked (56 mM K + ) release of both compounds were easily measured, with evoked release occuring in a calcium-dependent manner. The effect of the α 2 -adrenoceptor agonist clonidine, the antagonists prazosin ( α 1 selective) and yohimbine ( α 2 selective) and the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranotol were all shown to modulate the evoked release of NPY. The α 2 agonist clonidine decreased evoked release of NPY, while the α 2 antagonist yohimbine increased the potassium-evoked release. Prazosin decreased both the basal and potassium-evoked release of NPY. Propranolol had the most profound effect on release of NPY, causing a significant decrease in basal release and a large decrease in the potassium-evoked release of NPY from slices of hypothalamus.
Cellular and subcellular localization of catalase in the heart of transgenic mice.

SUMMARY Previous studies have described a cardiac-specific, catalase-overexpressing transgenic mouse model that was used to study myocardial oxidative injury. This study was undertaken to demonstrate cellular and subcellular localization of catalase in the hearts of transgenic mice. By the light microscopic immunoperoxidase method, we found that the overexpressed catalase was exclusively localized in cardiomyocytes. The ratios of immunoreactive cardiomyocytes in the heart were quite different among three transgenic lines examined but agreed with the elevated levels of catalase activity. In the cardiac blood vessels, positive cells were found in the walls of pulmonary veins and the vena cava, which consist of cardiomyocytes, but not in the pulmonary arteries, aorta, or cardiac valves. The electron microscopic immunogold method revealed that the elevated catalase was in sarcoplasm, nucleus, and peroxisomes, but not in mitochondria. In contrast to these distributions, catalase in the non-transgenic cardiomyo...
A Remark Concerning Percolation Thresholds in Polydisperse Systems of Finite-Diameter Rods

A lattice-based analysis of the percolation threshold for randomly distributed cylindrical particles is generalized to consider arbitrary joint distributions over the radii and lengths of the rods. Effects due to the finite hard core diameter of the particles are accounted for. An analogy to site percolation on a modified Bethe lattice is exploited to yield a result for the percolation threshold that is equivalent to one that has been obtained from integral equation methods in the limit of large aspect ratios for the rods.
Differential age-related decline in conflict-driven task-set shielding from emotional versus non-emotional distracters

While normal aging is associated with a marked decline in cognitive abilities, such as memory and executive functions, recent evidence suggests that control processes involved in regulating responses to emotional stimuli may remain well-preserved in the elderly. However, neither the precise nature of these preserved control processes, nor their domain-specificity with respect to comparable non-emotional control processes, are currently well-established. Here, we tested the hypothesis of domain-specific preservation of emotional control in the elderly by employing two closely matched behavioral tasks that assessed the ability to shield the processing of task-relevant stimulus information from competition by task-irrelevant distracter stimuli that could be either non-emotional or emotional in nature. The efficacy of non-emotional versus emotional task-set shielding, gauged via the 'conflict adaptation effect', was compared between cohorts of healthy young adults, healthy elderly adults, and individuals diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease (PRAD), age-matched to the elderly subjects. It was found that, compared to the young adult cohort, the healthy elderly displayed deficits in task-set shielding in the non-emotional but not in the emotional task, whereas PRAD subjects displayed impaired performance in both tasks. These results provide new evidence that healthy aging is associated with a domain-specific preservation of emotional control functions, specifically, the shielding of a current task-set from interference by emotional distracter stimuli. This selective preservation of function supports the notion of partly dissociable affective control mechanisms, and may either reflect different time-courses of degeneration in the neuroanatomical circuits mediating task-set maintenance in the face of non-emotional versus emotional distracters, or a motivational shift towards affective processing in the elderly.
Habituation to territorial scent marks in the field by Lemur catta.

Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) were studied in a forest reserve of Berenty, Madagascar. The focus male showed a greater sniffing and scent-marking response to branches marked with the scent of lemurs from other troops than to unmarked branches. The response to any one branch habituated over a period of days. The habituation was not a function of aging of the scent but was clearly position-specific; a high response could again be elicited by moving the same branch. Since the scent marks are often associated with aggressive interactions and are potentially useful for territorial demarcation, it is suggested that this habituation may function to reduce aggression at territorial boundaries.
The Patient-Centered Medical Home Neighbor: A Subspecialty Physician's View

To achieve the benefits of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model, the American College of Physicians has issued a policy paper addressing the relationship between specialist and subspecialist physicians and PCMH practices. This paper represents a significant step toward improving care coordination and quality by demonstrating that this model is supported by numerous specialties and subspecialties, recognizing the importance of building a strong medical neighborhood, and providing a framework that will foster improvements in care at the interface of PCMHs and PCMH neighbors (PCMH-Ns). Construction of a well-functioning medical neighborhood will, however, require some refinements. First, the proposed interaction typology between PCMHs and PCMH-Ns must be expanded to include innovative forms of interaction that do not depend on traditional office visits, but for which there are clear incentives. Second, the recommended care coordination agreements must be better standardized for the sake of practicality. Finally, genuine dialogue between PCMH and PCMH-N practices needs to be realized.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Benign Epilepsy and Their Siblings

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Benign Epilepsy and Their Siblings
Secondary ion mass spectrometry of low-temperature solids

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectra obtained by bombardment of low-temperature solids such as the rare gases, nitrogen, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, and others with heavy ions of keV energies contain many cluster ion peaks, often with unusual compositions. A mechanism which accounts for the results in a qualitative way is described. It is proposed that it has general mechanistic implications for keV particle-induced desorption mass spectrometry in spite of the obvious difference between the low-temperature solids and the more usual molecular solids. The mechanism has three principal features. First, it is recognized that keV-energy atoms and ions are quite efficient in causing ionization, secondary electron formation, ionizing fragmentation and electronic excitation of molecules within the molecular solid. These processes occur in addition to homolytic bond cleavage within the collision cascade region and lead to local charging within the insulating solid. Some of the damage centers in the solid are ejected essentially immediately from one of the surface layers during the collision cascade period of the impact event. Second, since the chemical nature of the primary damage centers is the same as in MeV-energy bombardment, so are the chemical reactions and charge transfer processes leading to secondary damage, at least in a qualitative sense. Some of the secondary damage products are ejected during the thermal spike regime which follows the collision cascade. The relative importance of the two batches of the secondary ions is a function of the nature of the bombarding ion. Third, polar and/or polarizable molecules will be the best at aggregating with the various resulting charged species during the ejection from the thermal spike region into the vacuum and the best at staying associated with the charged species during subsequent gas-phase fragmentation of the resulting metastable cluster ions in an “evaporating fractionation” process.
On-line Model Updating in Hybrid Simulation Tests

Hybrid simulation has emerged as a relatively accurate and efficient tool for the evaluation of structural response under earthquake loading. In conventional hybrid simulation the response of a few critical components is obtained by testing while the numerical module is assumed to follow an analytical idealization. Where there is a much larger number of analytical components compared to the experimental parts, the overall response may be dominated by the idealized parts hence the value of hybrid simulation is diminished. It is proposed to modify the material constitutive relationship of the numerical model during the test, based on the data obtained from the physically tested component. An approach based on genetic algorithms is utilized as an optimization tool to identify the constitutive relationship parameters used in updating the numerical model. The proposed model updating approach is verified through two analytical examples of steel and reinforced concrete frames. The results show the effectiveness ...
Double Carbon−Hydrogen Activation of 2-Vinylpyridine: Synthesis of Tri- and Pentanuclear Clusters Containing the μ-NC5H4CH═C Ligand

Reactions of 2-vinylpyridine with the triruthenium complexes [Ru-3(CO)(12)] and [Ru-3(CO)(10)(mu-dppm)] leads to a previously unknown double carbon-hydrogen bond activation of the P-carbon of the vinyl group to afford the pentaruthenium and triruthenium complexes [Ru-5(CO)(14)(mu(4)-C5H4CH=C)(mu-H)(2)] (1) and [Ru3Cl(CO)(5)(mu-CO)(mu-dppm)(mu(3)-NC5H4CH=C)(mu-H)] (2), respectively. Crystal structures reveal two different forms of bridging of the dimetalated 2-vinylpyridyl ligand, capping a square face in 1 and a triangular face in 2.
Gathering and Storing Hatching Eggs During Hot Weather

Abstract THE report of Heywang (1944) shows that the hatchability of their eggs is lowered when chickens are kept under high environmental temperatures. However, it does not seem that the extremely poor hatches obtained, at least occasionally, during hot weather at some commercial hatcheries are attributable solely to the high environmental temperatures of the breeding stock that produced the eggs. Rather, it seems probable that the eggs are not properly cared for from the time they are laid until they are put in the incubator. The date of Heywang (loc. cit.) were obtained on eggs that had been given good care prior to incubation; they were removed from the nests at hourly intervals and then stored at 55 degrees F. for not more than seven days before being incubated. The study discussed in this paper was undertaken to determine how hatchability is affected during hot weather when eggs are not gathered . . .
Abstract 1904: Reversal of thymic involution and immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice by IFN-γ

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The thymus is a central lymphoid organ critical for the development and maintenance of an effective peripheral T cell repertoire. Most important, it provides a specialized environment for the selection of rearranged clones that will function appropriately in the adaptive immune response. The tumor-induced immunosuppression observed during murine mammary tumorigenesis has been associated with a profound thymus involution accompanied with a severe depletion of the most abundant subset of thymocytes; CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) immature cells. Thymic involution has been observed in several model systems; including graft-vs-host disease, aging, and tumor development, however, the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. Previous results from our laboratory have reported that the severe thymic atrophy and impaired T cell development seen in mammary tumor bearers are associated with an arrest in at least two steps of T cell differentiation, changes in the levels of crucial cytokines expressed in the thymus microenvironment, and a progressive increase in apoptosis during the tumor development mainly due to downregulation of important molecules that control programmed cell death. Moreover, we have shown that mice bearing the murine parental D1-DMBA-3 mammary tumor and tumors derived from the parental tumor, the DA-3, develop many changes in their cytokine production. For example, in mice bearing these tumors there is a decrease in the IFN-γ in the peripheral circulation and production of this crucial cytokine is greatly diminished in the T cells. In the present study we have used our DA-3 mammary tumor model to investigate whether the levels of IFN-γ have an important role in anti-tumor activity, in the pathogenesis of thymic atrophy as well as the tumor-induced immunosuppression in these mice. Interestingly, our results show that the overexpression of IFN-γ in DA-3 tumor cells results in a marked delay of tumor growth and a blockage in the tumor-associated thymus atrophy. Importantly, peripheral T cells from IFN-γ-transfected DA-3 tumor-bearing mice, show markedly high levels of this cytokine. Moreover, when thymuses from tumor-bearing mice that received IFN-γ were analyzed, thymic populations were very similar to those observed in the thymuses of normal mice. Collectively, our data suggest that the replacement of the faulty levels of IFN-γ in tumor bearers results in a delayed tumor growth and thymic involution leading to a decrease of tumor-induced immune suppression caused by the mammary tumor development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1904.
Observational Analysis of the Predictability of Mesoscale Convective Systems

Abstract Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) have a large influence on the weather over the central United States during the warm season by generating essential rainfall and severe weather. To gain insight into the predictability of these systems, the precursor environments of several hundred MCSs across the United States were reviewed during the warm seasons of 1996–98. Surface analyses were used to identify initiating mechanisms for each system, and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data were used to examine the environment prior to MCS development. Similarly, environments unable to support organized convective systems were also investigated for comparison with MCS precursor environments. Significant differences were found between environments that support MCS development and those that do not support convective organization. MCSs were most commonly initiated by frontal boundaries; however, features that enhance convective initiation are often not sufficient for MCS development, as the environme...
Cloud Computing as a Debug Tool

Abstract Lack of resources or the timely availability of the same has permitted large delays in the analyzing of software failures. When a software failure occurs during a test run, the tester documents the problem to the best of their ability. However, the software designer who analyzes the problem has a larger task at hand. Given that software quality is paramount in complex systems, it is imperative that this analysis is performed as soon as possible. The replication of analysis tools is expensive and maintenance of the same is even more so. The use of cloud computing whereby we provide the platform as a service may be the answer to the problem. This paper investigates the advantages of using this application of cloud computing whereby this technology delivers an analysis, development and design environment to the user. The users have the option of devising their own application that will run on the debug infrastructure which is exposed to the users through a private intranet. The paper will explore the system and cost effectiveness of this service in a development environment.
The effect of the oceanic duct on microwave propagation

A body of experimental radio and meteorological data taken over Cardigan Bay, on the British west coast, is examined to ascertain how radar propagation is affected by the microwave duct lying next to the sea surface. The boundary-layer meteorological profiles are analyzed in terms of a semi-empirical relation due to E. L. Deacon, and propagation is predicted according to a method of S. A. Schelkunoff. At three-cm wave-lengths, it is found that the agreement between observation and theory becomes steadily better as wind speed increases, until at speeds above 15 mi/hr (7 m/s) the consistency is truly striking. At lower wind speeds there is a definite tendency to follow the theoretical pattern, but a great deal of scatter is noted. Possible explanations for this scatter are offered. More scatter is observed at nine cm than at three cm, and the transition to trapping conditions is less definite. The nine-cm waves appear to “feel” the effects of the duct some time before trapping occurs. An interpretation is offered of the fact noted by McPetrie and Starnecki that, in general, high signals are associated with large positive air-sea temperature differences, while low signals are accompanied by large negative differences. Also, Jones' observation that, under unstable conditions, high winds are accompanied by high signals is nicely explained.
Analysis of hydroxy and keto cholesterols in oxidized brain synaptosomes

A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of cholesterol and its oxidation products as well as α-tocopherol and tocopherolquinone in brain subcellular fractions is described. The samples are saponified and extracted with hexane. It is not necessary to remove cholesterol in the sample before analyzing for oxysterols. The hexane extract can be used for the assay of cholesterol compounds by capillary gas chromatography and tocopherol compounds by liquid chromatography using a procedure reported previously. Oxidation of synaptosomes by a mixture of Fe2+ plus ascorbate resulted in the production of 7-keto-, 7α-hydroxy-, 7β-hydroxy-, and 5α, 6α-epoxycholesterols. The identities of these products were confirmed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Cholesterol oxidase treatment did not result in the formation of any of the above compounds. Thus the types and amounts of the products of oxidation of cholesterol were dependent upon the oxidizing agent. Extraction of the oxysterols under milder conditions without saponification using sodium dodecyl sulfate cannot be used since such treatment results in low recovery of oxysterols. Oxidation of synaptosomes by low concentrations of ferrous iron and ascorbate resulted in (i) low levels of oxidation of cholesterol which could be followed by estimating the production of oxysterols and (ii) oxidation of a substantial percentage of α-tocopherol. The proposed procedure will be useful in monitoring the oxidation of small quantities of membrane cholesterol in vitro.
Heat shock proteins in relation to heat stress tolerance of creeping bentgrass at different N levels.

Heat stress is a primary factor causing summer bentgrass decline. Changes in gene expression at the transcriptional and/or translational level are thought to be a fundamental mechanism in plant response to environmental stresses. Heat stress redirects protein synthesis in higher plants and results in stress protein synthesis, particularly heat shock proteins (HSPs). The goal of this work was to analyze the expression pattern of major HSPs in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) during different heat stress periods and to study the influence of nitrogen (N) on the HSP expression patterns. A growth chamber study on ‘Penn-A4’ creeping bentgrass subjected to 38/28°C day/night for 50 days, was conducted with four nitrate rates (no N-0, low N-2.5, medium N-7.5, and high N-12.5 kg N ha−1) applied biweekly. Visual turfgrass quality (TQ), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), shoot electrolyte leakage (ShEL), and root viability (RV) were monitored, along with the expression pattern of HSPs. There was no difference in measured parameters between treatments until week seven, except TQ at week five. At week seven, grass at medium N had better TQ, NDVI, and Fv/Fm accompanied by lower ShEL and higher RV, suggesting a major role in improved heat tolerance. All the investigated HSPs (HSP101, HSP90, HSP70, and sHSPs) were up-regulated by heat stress. Their expression patterns indicated cooperation between different HSPs and their roles in bentgrass thermotolerance. In addition, their production seems to be resource dependent. This study could further improve our understanding about how different N levels affect bentgrass thermotolerance.
The influence of visual and auditory receptive field organization on multisensory integration in the superior colliculus.

The spatial register of the different receptive fields of multisensory neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) plays a significant role in determining the responses of these neurons to cross-modal stimulus combinations. Spatially coincident visual-auditory stimuli fall within these overlapping receptive fields and generally produce response enhancements that exceed the individual modality-specific responses and can exceed their sum. Yet, in this context, it has not been clear how "spatial coincidence" is operationally defined. Given the large size of SC receptive fields, visual and auditory stimuli could be within their respective receptive fields even when there are substantial spatial disparities between them. Indeed, previous observations have raised the possibility that there may be a second level of determinism in how SC neurons deal with the relative spatial locations of within-field cross-modal stimuli; specifically, that multisensory response enhancements become progressively weaker as the within-field visual and auditory stimuli become increasingly disparate. While the present experiments demonstrated that SC multisensory neurons have heterogeneous receptive fields, and that the greatest number of impulses evoked were by stimuli that fell within the area of cross-modal receptive field overlap, they also indicate that there is no systematic relationship between cross-modal stimulus disparity and the magnitude of multisensory response enhancement. Thus, two within-field cross-modal stimuli produced the same proportionate change (i.e., multisensory response enhancement) when they were widely disparate as they did when they overlapped one another in space. These observations indicate that cross-modal spatial coincidence can be defined operationally by the borders of an SC neuron's receptive fields regardless of the size of those receptive fields and/or the absolute spatial disparity between within-field cross-modal stimuli.
Electrodiagnostic studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disorders

The clinical electrodiagnostic medicine (EDX) consultant asked to assess patients with suspected amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has a number of responsibilities. Among the most important is to provide a clinical assessment in conjunction with the EDX study. The seriousness of the diagnoses and their enormous personal and economic impact require a high-quality EDX study based on a thorough knowledge of and experience with motor neuron diseases (MNDs) and related disorders. Clinical evaluation will help determine which of the EDX tools available to the EDX consultant should be applied in individual patients. Although electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction study are the most valuable, each of the following may be helpful in the assessment of selected patients based on their clinical findings: repetitive nerve stimulation, motor unit number estimate, single-fiber EMG, somatosensory evoked potential, autonomic function test, and polysomnography. The pertinent literature on these is reviewed in this monograph. The selection and application of these EDX tools depend on a thorough knowledge of the MNDs and related disorders.
Using airpuffs to elicit the human blink reflex

The startle response—a reflex organized at the level of the brainstem—has gained increased popularity during the past 20 years among psychophysiologists as both an investigative tool and an object of exploration in its own right. This article describes a method for eliciting the reflex eyeblink using a puff of air; the equipment and its operation are described. Airpuff-elicited reflexes are proposed as an informative adjunct to acoustic, photic, and electrocutaneous blink reflexes, particularly for some very young and aged subject populations.
Cytochemical detection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-binding sites on rat pituitary cells with luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and growth hormone antigens during diestrous up-regulation

Pituitary cells with GnRH receptors increase over 2-fold during diestrus to reach a peak during the morning of proestrus. This is followed by a rapid fall during the afternoon of proestrus to reach a nadir by estrus. The objective of this study was to learn the identity of the new target cells added during diestrus. This was particularly important in view of recent evidence showing that gonadotropes with LH beta and FSH beta mRNA have GH antigens. Pituitary cells from diestrous and proestrous rats were exposed to biotinylated GnRH (Bio-GnRH) for 10 min. Bio-GnRH was detected by avidin peroxidase, and then the cells were immunolabeled for pituitary hormones. The percentages of cells labeled for Bio-GnRH rose during diestrus from 6.6 +/- 0.8% in the morning to 11.9 +/- 0.7% by evening (mean +/- SD). By the morning of proestrus, the percentages of Bio-GnRH target cells increased further to 16 +/- 0.7%. The percentages of pituitary cells dual labeled for LH beta antigens and Bio-GnRH rose from 4.3 +/- 0.6% to...
A kinetic enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of antibodies to a humanized monoclonal antibody in human serum.

Abstract A kinetic enzyme immunoassay was developed and validated to quantitate human antibodies to the humanized monoclonal antibody CAMPATH 1 -1H (C1H) in human serum. The assay was configured using C1H-coated 96-well plates which were blocked with bovine serum albumin, and incubated with dilutions of human serum containing anti-C1H antibody. Antibody was detected using biotinylated C1H followed by streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Absorbance data were collected for 10 min, and mOD min−1 data were exported to MultiCalc data analysis software. A 4-parameter logistic-log algorithm was shown to model the data through the range of the standard curve within 15% of nominal values. The overall assay performance coefficient of variation by ANOVA was 9.2%. The lower limit of detection was defined at 160 Units ml−1. The anti-idiotype antibody standard stock solution is stable at 4°C and at −80°C for at least 11 months in buffer. The anti-idiotype antibody controls are stable for at least seven freeze–thaw cycles and at least 6 months in human serum stored at −20°C. A strategy was devised by which to establish the specific antibody potency for any given batch of anti-C1H antibody standard relative to the Reference Standard. This EIA has been used to quantify and characterize anti-C1H antibody in human serum in support of clinical safety and efficacy studies.
Vibrational Properties of Cu(Pz)2(ClO4)2: Evidence for Enhanced Low-Temperature Hydrogen Bonding in Square S = 1/2 Molecular Antiferromagnets

We report the variable temperature vibrational properties of the two-dimensional S = 1/2 quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet Cu(Pz) 2 (ClO 4 ) 2 . With decreasing temperature, softening is observed in the v 4 (ClO 4 ) mode. In addition, the resonance frequencies of several pyrazine ring-related modes are temperature independent. This unusual behavior is attributed to enhanced hydrogen bonding interactions between the ClO 4 - counterion and the pyrazine rings in a neighboring layer, in line with the recently observed low-temperature red-shifts of numerous vibrational modes in the one-dimensional analogue, copper pyrazine dinitrate (Cu(Pz)(NO 3 ) 2 ). The proposed change in hydrogen bonding and the low-temperature symmetry breaking, made manifest by the concomitant doublet structure of several pyrazine-related modes, is supported by an analysis of the structure.
Children's play, teacher-child interactions, and teacher beliefs in integrated early childhood programs

Children with disabilities and developing typically who were enrolled in integrated early childhood programs were observed during free play. The purpose of the study was to examine the cognitive and social complexity of their play and their interactions with teachers. Also, teacher beliefs about children's social development and their role in these processes were examined. Classroom observations revealed that teachers were more directive in facilitating the cognitive play of children with disabilities than the typically developing children, in spite of the similarity they displayed in mean cognitive play level. However, teacher-child interactions focused on support of children's social play were relatively rare and similar for both groups of children, despite differences in mean social play level for the two groups. Teachers were much more likely to support the cognitive aspects of children's play than the social aspects of it, a pattern observed in both groups, despite teachers' beliefs that children with disabilities lagged behind their typically developing peers in the acquisition of social skills.
Welding helmet airborne fume concentrations compared to personal breathing zone sampling

Metal fume concentrations inside the welding helmet and in the personal breathing zone in 23 experimental welding exposures were studied to explore whether welding helmet use substantially attenuates exposure to airborne metal fume. Observations produced a mean ratio of inside to outside metal fume concentrations of 0.9 +/- S.D. 0.2 with a highly variable effect. Iron fume concentration was inversely correlated with this ratio, representing greater helmet-associated attenuation with heavier exposure (r = -0.70, p < 0.001). In contrast to previous reports, these data suggest that welding helmet use provides marginal and highly variable reductions in fume exposure and cannot substitute for standard respiratory protection.
Interactions of γ-hydroxy butyrate with ethanol and NCS 382

We examined the effects of gamma-hydroxy butyrate (GHB) alone and in combination with either ethanol or NCS 382 [(2E)-(5-hydroxy-5,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[a][7]annulen-6-ylidene], a purported antagonist at the GHB receptor. These effects were examined on the responding of rats under a fixed-ratio (FR) 10 schedule of sugar solution (14%, w/v; 0.1 ml) presentation. GHB dose-relatedly decreased responding. When GHB was combined with ethanol, the effects of the two drugs were less than additive. NCS 382 did not antagonize the rate-decreasing effects of GHB. These observations are consistent with the notion that many of the behavioral actions of exogenously administered GHB result from GHB's actions at sites other than the GHB receptor, and are inconsistent with the popular notion that the effects of GHB and ethanol are synergistic.
Materials characterization using accelerator mass spectrometry

Abstract Several materials, including TiH, stainless steel (No. 304), CaCO 3 and a boron nitride/graphite mix have been analysed using accelerator mass spectrometry. Elemental and molecular negative ion injection have been examined to enhance the sensitivity for elements with low electron affinities. Ca and Sr negative ions, as well as metastable molecules of charge state 3 + are demonstrated. Conditions for high sensitivity analysis in unknown samples are also discussed.