cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalized Second Price Auctions with Hierarchical Bidding

The sale of text advertisements on search engines using an auction format called Generalized Second Price (GSP) has become increasingly common. GSP is unique in that it allows bidders to revise their bid if they are unhappy with the result of the auction, and because the auction sells multiple units of a related good simultaneously. I model this sale as a hierarchical game with complete information, allowing one potential advertiser to bid in each stage. The hierarchical game has an entirely different set of equilibria from the simultaneous bid game studied in earlier research on this auction. Under hierarchical bidding, a Vickrey-Clarke-Groves setup guarantees higher auctioneer revenue than GSP.
James R. Briscoe, ed., Vitalizing Music History Teaching

This edited collection provides a variety of perspectives on pedagogies of music history. Its approach is selective rather than systematic; each essay opens useful and sometimes fruitfully contradictory philosophical and methodological questions. Its diversity of approach, as well as the paperback format and thus reduced cost, make it a sound choice as a textbook for graduate-level courses in pedagogical approaches to our field—courses that are sorely needed at the core of doctoral programs in musicology.
Effects of temperature and material on dielectric properties of pelleted wood-based biomass

The production of pelleted biomass represents a significant emerging industry in the United States. Solid biomass can be formed from the waste products of many different products. In this study, the effects of temperature and pellet material type on the dielectric properties were investigated. Temperatures of peanut hull pellets were increased in 10 °C increments ranging from 0 – 50 °C and dielectric properties at various moisture contents were determined. Further work was performed in investigating the dielectric properties of pine compared to those of peanut-hull pellets to determine whether a “unified” calibration for moisture content could be developed. Finally, the effect of pine-pellet degradation into sawdust was investigated to determine whether this would cause a change in the dielectric properties. Results showed that a temperature compensated calibration for moisture content could be developed for peanut-hull pellets. Additionally, a unified calibration for moisture content was achieved at 10 GHz.
Transnational Cinema in a Global North: Nordic Cinema in Transition

Transnational Cinema in. Global North: Nordic Cinema in Transition. Andrew Nestingen and Trevor G. Elkington, editors. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 2005.
Identifying structural elements needed for development of a predictive life-history model for pallid and shovelnose sturgeons

Summary Intensive management of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers has resulted in dramatic changes to the river systems and their biota. These changes have been implicated in the decline of the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus), which has been listed as a United States federal endangered species. The sympatric shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) is more common and widespread but has also been in decline. The decline of pallid sturgeon is considered symptomatic of poor reproductive success and low or no recruitment. In order to organize information about these species and provide a basis for future development of a predictive model to help guide recovery efforts, we present an expert-vetted, conceptual life-history framework that incorporates the factors that affect reproduction, growth, and survival of shovelnose and pallid sturgeons.
Economic Revitalization: Cases and Strategies for City and Suburb

Joan Fitzgerald and Nancey Green Leigh. Thousand Oaks, CA: . Sage Publications. 2002. xi and 267 pp., illustrations, tables, notes, appendices, and index. $89.95 hardcover(ISBN: 0-7619-1655-5) and $39.95 paperback (ISBN: 0-07619-1656-3).
Diverse neuronal lineages make stereotyped contributions to the Drosophila locomotor control center, the central complex.

The Drosophila central brain develops from a fixed number of neuroblasts. Each neuroblast makes a clone of neurons that exhibit common trajectories. Here we identified 15 distinct clones that carry larval-born neurons innervating the Drosophila central complex (CX), which consists of four midline st
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 46 of 47 patients with eclampsia.

Objective We sought to investigate the concurrence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) with eclampsia and to describe the obstetric, radiological, and critical care correlates. Study Design This was a single-center, 2001-2010 retrospective cohort study of all patients with eclampsia who underwent neuroimaging via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT) with or without contrast. Results Forty-six of 47 of eclamptic patients (97.9%) revealed PRES on neuroimaging using 1 or more modalities: MRI without contrast, 41 (87.2%); MRI with contrast, 27 (57.4%); CT without contrast, 16 (34%); CT with contrast, 7 (14.8%); and/or magnetic resonance angiography/magnetic resonance venography, 2 (4.3%). PRES was identified within the parietal, occipital, frontal, temporal, and basal ganglia/brainstem/cerebellum areas of the brain . Eclampsia occurred antepartum in 23 patients and postpartum in 24 patients. Headache was the most common presenting symptom (87.2%) followed by altered mental status (51.1%), visual disturbances (34%), and nausea/vomiting (19.1%). Severe systolic hypertension was present in 22 patients (47%). Conclusion The common finding of PRES in patients with eclampsia suggests that PRES is a core component of the pathogenesis of eclampsia. Therapy targeted at prevention or reversal of PRES pathogenesis may prevent or facilitate recovery from eclampsia.
An approximate block Newton method for coupled iterations of nonlinear solvers: Theory and conjugate heat transfer applications

A new, approximate block Newton (ABN) method is derived and tested for the coupled solution of nonlinear models, each of which is treated as a modular, black box. Such an approach is motivated by a desire to maintain software flexibility without sacrificing solution efficiency or robustness. Though block Newton methods of similar type have been proposed and studied, we present a unique derivation and use it to sort out some of the more confusing points in the literature. In particular, we show that our ABN method behaves like a Newton iteration preconditioned by an inexact Newton solver derived from subproblem Jacobians. The method is demonstrated on several conjugate heat transfer problems modeled after melt crystal growth processes. These problems are represented by partitioned spatial regions, each modeled by independent heat transfer codes and linked by temperature and flux matching conditions at the boundaries common to the partitions. Whereas a typical block Gauss-Seidel iteration fails about half the time for the model problem, quadratic convergence is achieved by the ABN method under all conditions studied here. Additional performance advantages over existing methods are demonstrated and discussed.
Ellipsometry As A Tool For Monitoring Molecular And Cellular Biological Processes In Vitro

Several significant applications of ellipsometry in monitoring certain molecular and cellular biological processes in vitro are reviewed. The applications are derived from the important fields of blood coagulation, immunology, cytobiology and cytopathology.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Heat and salinity budgets at the Stratus mooring in the southeast Pacific

The surface layer of the southeast Pacific Ocean (SEP) requires an input of cold, fresh water to balance heat gain, and evaporation from air-sea fluxes. Models typically fail to reproduce the cool sea surface temperatures (SST) of the SEP, limiting our ability to understand the variability of this climatically important region. We estimate the annual heat budget of the SEP for the period 2004–2009, using data from the upper 250 m of the Stratus mooring, located at 85°W 20°S, and from Argo floats. The surface buoy measures meteorological conditions and air-sea fluxes; the mooring line is heavily instrumented, measuring temperature, salinity, and velocity at more than 15 depth levels. We use a new method for estimating the advective component of the heat budget that combines Argo profiles and mooring velocity data, allowing us to calculate monthly profiles of heat advection. Averaged over the 6 year study period, we estimate a cooling advective heat flux of −41 ± 29 W m−2, accomplished by a combination of the mean gyre circulation, Ekman transport, and eddies. This compensates for warming fluxes of 32 ± 4 W m−2 due to air-sea fluxes and 7 ± 9 W m−2 due to vertical mixing and Ekman pumping. A salinity budget exhibits a similar balance, with advection of freshwater (−60 psu m) replenishing the freshwater lost through evaporation (47 psu m) and Ekman pumping (14 psu m).
Symbiotic specialization and the potential for genotypic coexistence in a plant-bacterial mutualism

Genotypes of the annual legume Amphicarpaea bracteata vary in their degree of specialization toward different nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Plants of lineages "Ib" and "II" are specialized for mutualism with a limited group of bacterial genotypes. Lineage "Ia" plants are symbiotic generalists, interacting with all bacteria associated with specialist (Ib and II) plants, and also with a distinct class of bacteria that only fix nitrogen with lineage Ia plants. The relative performance of generalist and specialist plant lineages was measured in four symbiotic environments: (1) in the absence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, (2) with bacteria with broad host ranges, (3) with bacteria specialized on lineage Ia hosts, and (4) with a mixture of the bacteria with broad and narrow host ranges. In the presence of bacteria with broad host ranges, the relative performance of different plant lineages was inconsistent among experimental replicates. However, lineage Ia plants had nearly 3 times higher total biomass and 6 times higher seed biomass than lineage Ib or II plants when grown with bacteria specialized on Ia hosts. When exposed to a mixture of bacteria with broad and narrow host ranges, generalist plants had 72% higher total biomass and >100% higher seed biomass than specialist plants. These results imply that in diverse natural populations, where all plants have a choice of symbiotic partners, mutualistic interactions are likely to foster competitive exclusion rather than stable coexistence of different plant lineages.
Phosphorylation-dependent neurofilament epitopes are reduced at the node of Ranvier

Neurofilaments in axons are highly phosphorylated at multiple sites on the 200 kDa neurofilament (neurofilament-H) and 160 kDa (neurofilament-M) subunit peptides. We used a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against distinct neurofilament epitopes to study the distribution of these epitopes along the axons of large myelinated fibres in rat sciatic nerve using quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with colloidal gold. Antibodies specific for phosphorylated epitopes on neurofilament-H showed a 60% reduction in density of immunoreactivity at the node of Ranvier, compared to the internodal axon. Antibodies directed against neurofilament-M, which recognized phosphorylated epitopes preferentially, showed a 40% reduction in density of immunoreactivity at the node. Following dephosphorylation of the neurofilaments in tissue sections by alkaline phosphatase treatment, antibodies which recognized dephosphorylated forms of neurofilament-H showed no reduction in density of immunoreactivity at the node. Similarly, an antibody directed against the 70 kDa subunit (neurofilament-L), showed no reduction in density of immunoreactivity at the node. An antibody against tubulin also showed no decrease in the density of immunoreactivity at the node of Ranvier. Tubulin immunoreactivity was similar in myelinated and unmyelinated fibres. In contrast to phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes, immunoreactivity was much greater in myelinated than unmyelinated fibres. These results suggest that the degree of phosphorylation of neurofilament-H and neurofilament-M subunits is reduced at the node of Ranvier, in comparison to internodal neurofilaments, and imply that a post-translational modification of neurofilaments must occur along the length of the axon at the node.
UCP2-dependent proton leak in isolated mammalian mitochondria.

A role for uncoupling protein (UCP) homologues in mediating the proton leak in mammalian mitochondria is controversial. We subjected insulinoma (INS-1) cells to adenoviral expression of UCP2 or UCP1 and assessed the proton leak as the kinetic relationship between oxygen use and the inner mitochondrial membrane potential. Cells were infected with different amounts of rat UCP2, and, in other experiments, with either UCP2 or UCP1. The relative molar expression of these subtypes was quantified through comparison with histidine-tagged UCP1 or UCP2 proteins engineered by expression in Escherichia coli. Adenoviral infection with UCP2, compared with β-galactosidase, resulted in a dose-dependent shift in kinetics indicating increased H+ flux at any given membrane potential. UCP1 also enhanced H+ flux, but, on a relative molar basis, the overexpression of the endogenous protein, UCP2, was more potent than UCP1. These results were not due to nonspecific overexpression of mitochondrial protein since UCP1 activity was inhibited by GDP and because overexpression of another membrane carrier protein, the oxoglutarate malate carrier had no effect. UCP2-mediated H+ conduction was not GDP sensitive. These data suggest that the UCP homologue, UCP2, mediates the proton leak in mitochondria of a mammalian cell wherein UCP2 is the native subtype.
Surjectivity results for a class of nonlinear operators in reflexive banach spaces

The operator equation Au+Lu+µFu = h is studied in a reflexive Banach space X. Here, µ > 0 is constant and h ↦ X* is fixed. The operators L,F are compact and A is strongly monotone. Degree arguments are used to show the existence of solutions of this equation and extension of the results in [3], [4] are established.
I-Xe and 40Ar-39Ar dating of silicate from Weekeroo Station and Netschaëvo IIE iron meteorites

Silicate inclusions from two IIE iron meteorites were dated by the I-Xe and 40Ar-39Ar techniques. Weekeroo Station, a ‘normal’ IIE iron, shows no loss of radiogenic 40Ar at low temperature, and the well-defined 40Ar-39Ar plateau yields an age of 4.54 ± 0.03 Byr. The xenon data define a good I-Xe correlation with an age of +10.9 ± 0.5 Myr relative to Bjurbole [the monitor error (±2.5 Myr) is not included].^Despite its relatively young age, Weekeroo Station's (129Xe132Xe)trappad ratio (= 0.84 ± 0.05) lies significantly below the solar value. Netschaevo silicate has a chondritic composition, unlike ‘normal’ IIE silicate which is more differentiated. Nevertheless Netschaevo gives a 40Ar-39Ar plateau-age of only 3.79 ± 0.03 Byr, with the xenon data failing to define an I-Xe isochron. Only irons from the IAB and IIE groups contain silicate inclusions, but these two groups differ in many other respects, mostly suggesting that IAB meteorites are more primitive. The I-Xe chronology supports this suggestion inasmuch as Weekeroo Station formed well after (8–15 Myr) IAB silicates. In terms of Scott and Wasson's (1976) model, ages for Weekeroo Station date the shock event which formed ‘normal’ IIE irons by mixing the low-melting fraction of the parent silicate with shock-liquefied metal. Scott and Wasson's suggestion that Netschaevo represents IIE parent material, however, is contradicted by Netschaevo's 3.8 Byr age. The four silicate-bearing IIE irons which have now been dated can be subdivided into distinct pairs: Weekeroo Station and Colomera formed near the beginning of the solar system, while Netschaevo and Kodaikanal both formed only 3.8 Byr ago. A review of other properties of these meteorites generally support this subdivision. This work underscores the complexity of the history of IIE meteorites; in particular, an adequate model must account for the formation of two IIE irons at 3.8 Byr without disturbing rare gases in Weekeroo Station. All formation models are quite speculative, but the one which seems best to fit the available evidence postulates two parent bodies: the 3.8 Byr old silicate formed on one parent body, all other IIE material resided in a separate body, and subsequent collision(s) mixed the young silicate with IIE metal.
Theoretical Predictions of DNA Hairpin Loop Conformations: Correlations with Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Data

A computational procedure for generating conformations of DNA hairpin loop structures from a broad range of low-energy starting states is described. The starting point of the modeling is the distribution of oligonucleotide chain conformations obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of feasible dinucleotide steps. Structures which meet the spatial criteria for hairpin loop formation are selected from the distributions and subsequently minimized using all-atom molecular mechanics. Both d(CTnG) and d(CAnG) oligomers, where n = 3, 4, or 5, are modeled. These sequences are chosen because of the large number of published NMR and thermodynamic studies on DNA hairpins containing thymine or adenine residues. The minimized three-dimensional hairpin loop structures are compared with one another as well as analyzed in terms of available experimental data. The computational approach provides the first detailed analysis of DNA hairpin loop structure in terms of a multistate conformational model. Investigation of the minimized conformations reveals several interesting structural features. First, hairpin loops of the same sequence adopt several distinctly different conformations, as opposed to minor variants of the same equilibrium structure, that could potentially interconvert in solution. Second, in contrast to double-helical nucleic acids, the hairpin loop models exhibit hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. The different disposition of hydrophobic groups in loops versus duplexes could modulate both protein-nucleic acid interactions and nucleic acid self-associations. Third, perpendicular aromatic interactions of loop residues are observed in many of the computed hairpins. This sort of interaction might be important in the stabilization of non-hydrogen-bonded nucleic acid secondary and tertiary structures. The predicted structural features in the models help, in addition, to account for the unusual thermodynamic properties of DNA hairpin loops. Comparison of the theoretically-generated NOEs in different structures further reveals that very different molecular structures and interactions can, in principle, produce the same NOEs. The multistate description suggested by this observation differs from the conventional interpretation of DNA solution structure in terms of the fluctuations about a single preferred chain conformation. There is not necessarily only one set of closely related structures consistent with the observed data.
Catabolic effects of cycloheximide in the living reptile

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of cycloheximide on the free amino acids in plasma and tissues of living reptiles were studied. 2. 2. Cycloheximide blocked protein synthesis and when proteins were no longer synthesized, all free amino acids increased in tissues and body fluids to levels several times those of the controls. The greatest increases were in glycine, alanine, glutamine and glutamic acid. 3. 3. The effects of a single injection of 1 mg of cycloheximide per kg lasted for weeks in the caiman and doses of 10 mg/kg were invariably fatal within 3 or 4 days.
D-Atom Products in Predissociation of CD2CD2OH from the 202−215 nm Photodissociation of 2-Bromoethanol

Experimental observations of D fragments from the predissociation of rovibrationally excited partially deuterated 2-hydroxyethyl radicals, CD2CD2OH, are reported, and possible dissociation channels...
Systematic functionalization of a metal-organic framework via a postsynthetic modification approach.

The pendant amino groups in isoreticular metal−organic framework-3 (IRMOF-3) were subjected to postsynthetic modification with 10 linear alkyl anhydrides (O(CO(CH2)nCH3)2 (where n = 1 to 18) and the extent of conversion, thermal and structural stability, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of the resulting materials were probed. 1H NMR of digested samples showed that longer alkyl chain anhydrides resulted in lower conversions of IRMOF-3 to the corresponding amide framework (designated as IRMOF-3-AM2 to IRMOF-3-AM19). Percent conversions ranged from essentially quantitative (∼99%, -AM2) to ∼7% (-AM19) with IRMOF-3 samples. Modified samples were thermally stable up to approximately 430 °C and remained crystalline based on powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements. Under specific reaction conditions, significant conversions were obtained with complete retention of crystallinity, as verified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Single crystals of modified IRMOF-3 samples all showed t...
Elemental and isotopic proxies of paleotemperature and paleosalinity: Climate reconstruction of the marginal northeast Pacific ca. 80 ka

Isotope (δ 18 O) and minor element (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) analyses of a fossil shell of the marine mussel Mytilus trossulus (Gould) from the Whisky Run terrace at Coquille Point, Bandon, Oregon, enable reconstruction of a paleoclimatic profile for the temperate northeastern Pacific ca. 80–85 ka. The Whisky Run terrace is correlative with marine oxygen isotope (δ 18 O) substage 5a, the final sea-level highstand of the last interglacial complex. Herein we provide sea-surface temperature estimates and report on a new technique that allows estimates to be made of δ 18 O of seawater and riverine discharge from the skeletal chemistry of a single mussel shell. Estimates of mean annual temperature from Mg/Ca ratios are lower than those suggested by the accompanying fossil fauna, and significantly lower than present-day conditions. The data also suggest a decrease in the range of seasonal temperature extremes at 80 ka compared to today. Estimates of the fresh-water and seawater δ 18 O end members, −4.5‰ and +0.5‰, respectively, are slightly greater than modern values.
Financial institutions or asset markets: Alternative trading and banking arrangements as risk sharing mechanisms

Abstract What are functions of financial intermediaries which cannot be performed equally well by asset markets? In this general equilibrium model with private information, financial institutions provide superior risk sharing since they implicitly enforce ex ante precommitments and can offer agents non-linear choice sets as opposed to linear consumption choice sets offered by asset markets, like credit or equity markets.
Consumer Issues and the Elderly.

In preparing for this talk on consumer issues facing the elderly, I was intimidated by the enormity of the possible issues. But as an economist, I was also struck by how closely the issues track what economists like to term market failures and redistributional issues. Rather than the mainstream concerns of microeconomics of maxi mization and efficiency issues, consumer interests focus on the prob lems and issues that the market fails to appropriately address. Effi ciency and pure competition constitute the main thrust of neoclassical economic analysis; what is being discussed here are the problems that such a laissez faire system cannot resolve. Consequent ly, there is a natural link between researchers interested in redistribu tional issues (who gets what) and the market failures that require regulation or direct government provision. This emphasis leads rather quickly to research with practical appli cations and away from the realm of the purely theoretical—an em phasis with which I am sympathetic. In fact, when I refer to myself as a "defrocked" economist, I am placing myself squarely in the camp of skepticism about tb i ability of the market to always find the "just" solution. I am glad to see so much interest in how economic issues affect individuals and what adjustments or constraints to the free market would improve the lot of individuals. The 1980s will be remembered, I believe, as the decade of the cult of the free market. Deregulation was a major goal of many promi nent politicians in the 1980s—as was reducing the general role of the
Multiple perspective interactive search: a paradigm for exploratory search and information retrieval on the web

The World Wide Web (WWW) represents the largest and arguably the most complex repository of content at our current state of technological development. Information on the web is represented using a variety of media, with a (current) predominance of text- and images-based data and increasing presence of other media such as video and audio. The complexity and heterogeneity of the information implies that the associated semantics is often user-dependent and emergent. Thus, there is a need to develop novel paradigms for web-based user-data interactions that emphasize user context and interactivity with the goal of facilitating exploration, interpretation, retrieval, and assimilation of information. This article presents a novel presentation-interaction paradigm for exploratory web search which allows simultaneous and semantically correlated presentation of query results from different semantic perspectives. Users can explore the results either using a specific perspective or through a combination of perspectives via highly-intuitive yet powerful interaction operators. In the proposed paradigm, hits obtained from executing a query are first analyzed to determine latent content-based correlations between the pages. Next, the pages are analyzed to extract different types of perceptual and informational cues. This information is used to organize and present the results through an interactive and reflective user interface which supports both exploration and search. Experimental investigations, many of which are conducted in comparative settings, analyze the proposed approach in query-retrieval scenarios involving complex information goals. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach and provide important insights for the development of the next-generation of interfaces for web-search.
A two-chip accelerometer system for automotive applications

A two-chip accelerometer system has been designed, manufactured, and assembled in a standard dual-in-line plastic package. A capacitive sensing element is built on one chip and signal processing circuitry on a separate chip. The sensing element is designed in the form of a differential capacitor pair made from three highly doped polysilicon layers using surface micromachining technology. The circuitry is fabricated using a 1.75 μm CMOS technology and includes amplification, EPROM trim, filtering, and self-test functions. The system is designed for 50 g full scale acceleration, and operates in an open loop mode.
Phase diagram for cell cytoplasm from the calf lens

Abstract We have determined the phase diagram for cytoplasmic homogenate isolated from the cells of calf lenses. In the intact lens, this material is associated with the reversible opacification known as cold cataract. The coexistence curve we find resembles that found in concentrated high polymer solutions. Two coexisting phases are found below the transition temperature. Both these phases have similar protein compositions but different net protein concentrations. The constituent proteins have the following molecular weights: 17,000, 20,000, 22,000, 26,000, 28,000, 31,000, 36,000, 52,000 and 55,000 daltons. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the phase separation in the cytoplasmic homogenate is accompanied by a subtle structural reorganization which consists of increased spatial density fluctuations of dimensions comparable to the wavelength of light.
Polyethyleneoxide-capped phthalocyanines: limiting phthalocyanine aggregation to dimer formation

The synthesis and characterization of a soluble metal-free polyethyleneoxide-capped phthalocyanine and the corresponding lead compound are described. This phthalocyanine was designed to allow the formation of dimers but to inhibit formation of higher aggregates. The monomer/dimer equilibrium constant in chloroform solutions is 750 ± 20 l mol-1. No evidence for higher aggregates was found. The molecular extinction coefficient of the metal-free polyethyleneoxide-capped phthalocyanine in chloroform is one of the lowest known (2.5 × 104 l mol-1cm-1). The lead-substituted material was demonstrated to be a reverse saturable absorber from 532 nm to about 610 nm. It possesses a large nonlinear absorption coefficient in the visible and is a promising optical limiter material.
Sequence diagram presentation in technical documentation

A sequence diagram shows a series of events that occurs within a particular system. A sequence diagram can be extremely useful for design and analysis, since it shows logic flow visually. However, because even a simple programming sequence can stretch far beyond the confines of a single screen or printed page, authors of technical material must be able to identify and apply a set of best practices. The set of practices developed for the IBM Toronto Software Laboratory enables authors to reasonably present such diagrams within the limited confines of the publishing medium. Building on the work presented in the article "Designing UML diagrams for technical documentation" [1], this paper discusses an approach for dealing with the particular challenges of presenting sequence diagrams in technical documentation.
A minute stingless bee in Eocene Fushan amber from northeastern China (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The first fossil bee in Eocene amber of the Fushan Coalfield, Liaoning, China is described and figured. Exebotrigona velteni Engel & Michener, new genus and species (Apinae: Meliponini) is based on a stingless bee worker and is remarkably similar in several apomorphic traits to the species of the New World genus Trigonisca Moure s.l. The diversity of fossil and subfossil Meliponini is briefly summarized, as are the characters and possible affinities of Exebotrigona.
Effect of abnormal amino acid concentrations on blood-brain barrier.

Nachweis, dass die i.p. Injektion grosser Mengen vonl-Tyrosin die Permeabilitat der hypothetischen «Blut-Hirn-Schranke» betrachtlich herabsetzt. Pyridoxalphosphat verhindert nicht nur diese Hemmung, sondern steigert die Absorption vonl-Lysin.
Effect of Low Fat Diet on Lipids of Erythrocytes, Plasma, Serum, and Whole Blood of Dogs.

SummaryFrom our studies of the fatty acids in the corpuscular and fluid portions of the blood, it appears that dogs on the low fat diet used in these experiments are able to synthesize sufficient fat to maintain a normal fat level in both the cells and the plasma but are unable to synthesize the highly unsaturated fatty acids necessary to maintain the degree of unsaturation normally found in both these portions. This confirms the previous conclusion of Hansen and Wiese9, 10 from a study of the serum lipids.
Low Phase Noise Wide Tuning Range N-Push Cyclic-Coupled Ring Oscillators

Cyclic-coupled ring oscillators (CCRO) provide several unique features over regular ring oscillators such as availability of multiple sets of phase-shifted outputs and reduced phase noise. Furthermore, when combined with N-push frequency multiplication low phase noise, wide tuning ranges and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies can be realized. In this work, we propose two N-push CCROs fabricated in a 90 nm digital CMOS process. First, a wideband N-Push/M-Push CCRO is presented which achieves an output frequency range of 3.16-12.8 GHz using a unit cell ring oscillator operating at 1-2.56 GHz. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz offset is -103.4 dBc/Hz and -101.6 dBc/Hz at 3.16 GHz and 12.8 GHz, respectively. Second, an mm-wave N-Push CCRO is presented. It generates an output frequency of 13-25 GHz with a low phase noise performance of -95 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset over the output frequency range. The proposed oscillators achieve superior phase noise performance as well as competitive figure-of-merit compared with the state-of-the-art ring oscillators. In addition, the operation of the CCRO and its phase noise is analyzed. We confirm, analytically and experimentally, that the phase noise of an M-stage CCRO improves by 10 M over that of a single ring oscillator. We also show that the phase noise improvement bandwidth is a function of the coupling strength.
Lis1 Regulates Dynein as a Molecular Wedge

Cytoplasmic dynein walks along microtubules by coupling cycles of ATP hydrolysis in its motor domain with cycles of microtubule binding and release at its microtubule-binding domain. Unlike the other cytoskeletal motors--kinesin and myosin--that have achieved functional diversity through molecular diversity, a single isoform of cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for a host of cellular functions. These range from transport of macromolecular cargo to the construction of the mitotic spindle. How is dynein tuned to perform these different tasks? Regulation is a likely source of functional versatility and understanding it is an area of intense focus in the motors field.Lis1 is one of dynein's essential and ubiquitous regulators. We have previously shown that Lis1 acts as a molecular “clutch”, disengaging the cycles of ATP hydrolysis from the cycles of microtubule binding and release. This results in a dynein-Lis1 complex that remains bound to a microtubule despite continuing ATP hydrolysis. We also showed, using negative stain EM and 2D image analysis, that Lis1 binds to dynein's motor domain at AAA3/4.We have now used a combination of three dimensional electron microscopy, biochemistry and single molecule methods to characterize the mechanism by which Lis1 regulates dynein. A cryo-negative stain structure of the dynein-Lis1 complex (21A resolution) shows that Lis1 physically blocks dynein's linker domain from docking at its normal AAA5 site under no nucleotide conditions. Instead, the N-terminal half of the linker takes an alternative path around Lis1. Our single molecule data show that a shortened linker, short enough to bypass Lis1 but long enough to preserve its interaction with AAA5, renders dynein insensitive to Lis1. Taken together, our data suggest that Lis1 achieves its uncoupling activity by acting as a molecular wedge.
Female gonadal hormones, mild restraint, and male preference.

Abstract The partner preference paradigm was used to test the hypothesis that mild restraint reduced sexual motivation of female rats. Ovariectomized rats were primed with 10 µg estradiol benzoate or estradiol benzoate and 500 µg progesterone. Additional rats were injected with sesame seed oil. These three groups of rats (oil–oil, estradiol benzoate–oil, or estradiol benzoate–progesterone; OO, EO, EP) were placed for 10 min in an arena, the ends of which enclosed either a sexually active male or an ovariectomized, unprimed female. Time spent near the sexually active male relative to time spent near either stimulus animal was used as the index of male preference. As expected, hormonal treatment significantly increased male preference. After this first 10 min interval, females were returned to the home cage or restrained for 5 min in a Decapicone®. Thereafter, male preference was recorded for another 10 min. Consistent with the first 10 min period, EP rats spent significantly more time near the male than did OO rats while EO rats were intermediate. There was no effect of restraint, but there was a significant increase in self-grooming. These findings contrast with previous studies and allow the suggestion that a brief, mild restraint fails to influence the female's sexual motivation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Supercritical fluid extraction of benzodiazepines in solid dosage forms

Abstract Several benzodiazepines were separated from the matrices of their standard dosage forms using supercritical fluid extraction. Extracts were further processed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and/or Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Extracts of suitable purity and quantity for mass spectral analysis were easily obtainable from even the lowest concentration dosage forms of the drugs tested.
Investigating the Reversible Inhibition Model of Laccase by Hydrogen Peroxide for Bioelectrocatalytic Applications

The reversible inhibition of laccase by H2O2 as a bioelectrocatalyst was studied in mediatedand direct electron transfer-based configurations to understand the differences in mechanism. The reversible inhibition of laccase follows a noncompetitive inhibition model when 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) is used as an electron mediator, whereas laccase is inhibited by an uncompetitive inhibition model when anthracene-moieties are used to intelligently “dock” laccase to electrodes (consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs) which afford direct electron transfer (DET). This further confirms the efficient orientation of laccase onto suitably-designed docking moieties for bioelectrocatalysis applications. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0031413jes] All rights reserved.
Social learning versus attributional interpretations: The effect of task familiarity on task performance perceptions and future success expectancies

Social learning theory (Rotter, 1954, 1966. 1975) predicts that generalized locus of control influences how expectancies for future success result from success or failure at performing a task. However, a study by Weiner et al. (1976) has cast serious doubt on the social learning model of expectancy formation by supporting the attributional (Heider, 1958; Weiner et al., 1971) interpretation of the same phenomena as a function of the stability of causal attributions. Unfortunately, Weiner et al's (1976) findings are suspect due to several problems with their methodology. The present study was designed to correct for these problems. Partial support was found for elements of both the social learning and attributional theories. Specifically, social learning theory best accounted for the effects of task familiarity on changes in expectancies, while attributional theory provided the best description of the types of information that are involved in the initial formation of expectancies.
Metal-dioxygen and metal-dinitrogen complexes: where are the electrons?

Transition-metal complexes of O2 and N2 play an important role in the environment, chemical industry, and metalloenzymes. This Perspective compares and contrasts the binding modes, reduction levels, and electronic influences on the nature of the bound O2 or N2 group in these complexes. The charge distribution between the metal and the diatomic ligand is variable, and different models for describing the adducts have evolved. In some cases, single resonance structures (e.g. M–superoxide = M–O2−) are accurate descriptions of the adducts. Recent studies have shown that the magnetic coupling in certain N22− complexes differs between resonance forms, and can be used to distinguish experimentally between resonance structures. On the other hand, many O2 and N2 complexes cannot be described well with a simple valence-bond model. Defining the situations where ambiguities occur is a fertile area for continued study.
Analysis of vulnerability assessment results based on CAOS

Abstract: Information system security must battle regularly with new threats that jeopardize the protection of those systems. Security tests have to be run periodically not only to identify vulnerabilities but also to control information systems, network devices, services and communications. Vulnerability assessments gather large amounts of data to be further analyzed by security experts, who recently have started using data analysis techniques to extract useful knowledge from these data. With the aim of assisting this process, this work presents CAOS, an evolutionary multiobjective approach to be used to cluster information of security tests. The process enables the clustering of the tested devices with similar vulnerabilities to detect hidden patterns, rogue or risky devices. Two different types of metrics have been selected to guide the discovery process in order to get the best clustering solution: general-purpose and specific-domain objectives. The results of both approaches are compared with the state-of-the-art single-objective clustering techniques to corroborate the benefits of the clustering results to security analysts.
The importance of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a medical emergency that accounts for 5% of all stroke cases. Individuals affected are typically in the prime of their lives (mean age 50 years). Approximately 12% of patients die before receiving medical attention, 33% within 48 h and 50% within 30 days of aSAH. Of the survivors 50% suffer from permanent disability with an estimated lifetime cost more than double that of an ischemic stroke. Traditionally, spasm that develops in large cerebral arteries 3-7 days after aneurysm rupture is considered the most important determinant of brain injury and outcome after aSAH. However, recent studies show that prevention of delayed vasospasm does not improve outcome in aSAH patients. This finding has finally brought in focus the influence of early brain injury on outcome of aSAH. A substantial amount of evidence indicates that brain injury begins at the aneurysm rupture, evolves with time and plays an important role in patients' outcome. In this manuscript we review early brain injury after aSAH. Due to the early nature, most of the information on this injury comes from animals and few only from autopsy of patients who died within days after aSAH. Consequently, we began with a review of animal models of early brain injury, next we review the mechanisms of brain injury according to the sequence of their temporal appearance and finally we discuss the failure of clinical translation of therapies successful in animal models of aSAH.
Abstract 5494: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for quantification of curcuminoids in cell culture medium and mouse plasma and their pharmacokinetics in mice

Curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) have been found as potent DNMT1 inhibitors, but they suffer from low oral bioavailability and rapid metabolism in vivo. To circumvent these problems, two curcumin analogs: 1,7-bis (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (TMC) and 1,7-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-cyclohexyl-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (DMCHC) have been synthesized to enhance their stability by blocking the two metabolic sites, the phenolic and C4 methylene moieties. Both compounds have shown inhibitory activity on M. SssI similar to that of curcumin and THC (Poster, M1114, AAPS, 2009). Preclinical pharmacokinetics has yet to be performed. Purpose: A sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of curcumin and its metabolite THC and analogs TMC and DMCHC in RPMI cell culture medium and mouse plasma has been developed and validated and their stability in these matrices and their pharmacokinetics in mice were evaluated. Method: A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electro-spray (ESI) ionization was used for quantification. Spiked curcuminoids and the internal standard, hesperetin were extracted from mouse plasma with ethyl acetate, and the components were separated on a BetaBasic C8 column. The ion transitions at m/z 369→177, m/z 373→137, m/z 425→191, m/z 465→191 and m/z 303→153 for curcumin. THC, TMC, DMHC, and hesperetin, respectively, were monitored for their quantification. These curcuminoids were incubated in mouse plasma or cell culture at different temperatures and aliquots were removed at different times up to 24 hrs. Cassette dose of curcumin and TMC (10 mg/kg each) was intraperitoneally administered to CD1F2 mice and timed plasma samples were collected up to 8 hr. Curcuminoids in these samples were quantified using this method. Result: The lower limit of quantifications for all four curcuminoids was found to be 1 ng/mL in both mouse plasma and cell culture medium. The within-day coefficients of variation were found to be below 15% and the accuracy was in the range of 85% to 115%. Curcuminoids degraded in two phases with terminal half lives of 186, 813, 724, and 2000 min for curcumin, IHC, TMC, and DMCHC, respectively, in cell culture medium. In plasma, their respective half lives were 111, 232, 1202 and 3000 min. These data demonstrated that their stability are in the order of curcumin Conclusion: A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of these curcumionids has been established. TMC and DMCHC were more stable than curcumin in cell culture medium and mouse plasma. Further pharmacokinetic study is ongoing. Supported by NIH/NCI R21 CA135478, and BioMedical Mass Spectrometric Laboratory. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5494.
Electrophysiological function during voiding after simulated childbirth injuries

Abstract During vaginal delivery dual injuries of the pudendal nerve and the external urethral sphincter (EUS), along with other injuries, are correlated with later development of stress urinary incontinence. It is not known how combinations of these injuries affect neuromuscular recovery of the micturition reflex. We investigated the EUS electromyogram (EMG) and the pudendal nerve motor branch potentials (PNMBP) during voiding 4 days, 3 weeks or 6 weeks after injury; including vaginal distension (VD), pudendal nerve crush (PNC), both PNC and VD (PNC + VD), and pudendal nerve transection (PNT); and in controls. Pudendal nerve and urethral specimens were excised and studied histologically. No bursting activity was recorded in the EUS EMG during voiding 4 days after all injuries, as well as 3 weeks after PNC + VD. Bursting activity demonstrated recovery 3 weeks after either VD or PNC and 6 weeks after PNC + VD, but the recovered intraburst frequency remained significantly decreased compared to controls. Bursting results of PNMBP were similar to the EMG, except bursting in PNMBP 4 days after VD and the recovered intraburst frequency was significantly increased compared to controls after PNC and PNC + VD. After PNT, neither the EUS nor the pudendal nerve recovered by 6 weeks after injury. Our findings indicate bursting discharge during voiding recovers more slowly after PNC + VD than after either PNC or VD alone. This was confirmed histologically in the urethra and the pudendal nerve and may explain why pudendal nerve dysfunction has been observed years after vaginal delivery.