cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mind-Body Medicine in Clinical Practice

Consumer demand for integrative medicine has increased over recent decades, and cutting-edge research in neuroscience has identified opportunities for new treatment options. This text outlines the evidence behind mind-body medicine and provides rich case-based examples.. It is written by a clinician, for clinicians, to help practitioners stay current in this emerging field. Including foundational chapters on the relevance of mind-body medicine, the effects of stress, communication skills, and methods for incorporating mind-body medicine into consultation, this book then introduces various mind-body therapies and considers their use in selected clinical conditions. The therapies are grouped into chapters on breath work and relaxation; hypnosis and guided imagery; meditation, mindfulness, spirituality, and compassion-based therapies; creative arts therapies; and movement therapies. Each chapter includes case studies, background and history, best use, training requirements, risks and benefits. The part focusing on specific conditions updates research and provides pediatric and adult examples in the areas of: anxiety and depression; acute and chronic pain; gastrointestinal and urologic conditions; auto-immune, inflammatory; and surgery, oncology, and other conditions. Providing resources and practical tools to help clinicians incorporate evidence-based mind-body medicine therapies into patient care, this book is an invaluable reference for medical and nursing students, as well as for residents, fellows, nurse practitioners and physician assistants across a wide variety of specialties.
Dietary Mineral Intake Ratios and Bone Health in Adults

Fruit and vegetable consumption has consistently been identified as a favorable dietary strategy for bone health. Diets high in fruits and vegetables tend to be high in several minerals that are advantageous for bone health, including potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and low in sodium. The role of calcium in bone health has been well-characterized. However, there are few studies examining the link between potassium, magnesium, and sodium and bone. Moreover, characterizing the relationships between individual mineral intakes and their ratios and health outcomes is important due to the interactive effects of these minerals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the relationships between sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake and their ratios and bone mineral density and fracture incidence in a representative sample of US adults. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013–2014, for these analyses. We included adult men and women ≥40 years of age, who were not pregnant or lactating, with complete and plausible data (n = 2617). Diet was assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls. Total femur and femoral neck areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were assessed using DXA, and fracture incidence after age 20 years was determined by self-report. A model for predicting bone outcomes was developed using the following explanatory variables: age, race, height, weight, and smoking status (yes/no). Relationships between individual mineral intakes and mineral intake ratios and bone outcomes were assessed by adding each of these terms to the basic regression model separately. Body weight explained the largest proportion of the variance in total femur aBMD (29% in women, 21% in men) and femoral neck aBMD (22% in women, 15% in men), and race explained the largest proportion of the variance in fracture incidence in both women (3%) and men (2%). Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium intakes were positive predictors of aBMD in men (all p 0.05). Randomized, controlled, full-feeding studies are required to determine the effect of mineral consumption from food as well as the ratio of their intakes on bone outcomes. Such findings would have important implications for making dietary recommendations and designing dietary interventions for reducing fracture risk.
Coordination, Communication, and Information: How Network Structure and Knowledge Affect Group Behavior

Communication is central to solving coordination problems in politics. In this paper, we show that both the communication network and what people know about the network structure affect coordination. Increases in the number of connections between people make coordination easier and so does increasing the amount of information people have about the structure. We also demonstrate that highly connected nodes in the network can facilitate coordination, but only if individuals have sufficient knowledge to identify the presence of these nodes. Our results suggest the importance of understanding network knowledge and its effects on behavior.
Secure Alamouti Multiple Access Channel Transmissions: Multiuser Transmission and Multi-Antenna Eavesdroppers

Using the Alamouti space-time block code in conjunction with artificial noise (AN) is an effective approach to secure multiple access (MAC) transmission in the presence of eavesdroppers. Existing studies on this technique focus on the two-user transmission systems and single-antenna eavesdroppers. This letter proposes a novel approach that generalizes this technique to multiuser transmission schemes and multi-antenna eavesdroppers. Security gains are analyzed, and the minimum number of MAC users that should participate in generating the AN in order to secure their transmissions is characterized analytically.
Neuromyelitis optica: Report of a case

Summary 1. A case of paraplegia associated with bilateral optic neuritis is reported with the clinical diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica. 2. A clinicopathologic discussion of neuromyelitis optica is presented, calling attention to its clinical similarity to other demyelinizing diseases of the nervous system. 3. An attempt is made to differentiate neuromyelitis optica clinically from other allied disorders.
A Novel Computerized Cognitive Stress Test to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment.

The Loewenstein Acevedo Scales of Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L) is a novel and increasingly employed instrument that has outperformed widely used cognitive measures as an early correlate of elevated brain amyloid and neurodegeneration in prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The LASSI-L has distinguished those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and high amyloid load from aMCI attributable to other non-AD conditions. The authors designed and implemented a web-based brief computerized version of the instrument, the LASSI-BC, to improve standardized administration, facilitate scoring accuracy, real-time data entry, and increase the accessibility of the measure. The psychometric properties and clinical utility of the brief computerized version of the LASSI-L was evaluated, together with its ability to differentiate older adults who are cognitively normal (CN) from those with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). After undergoing a comprehensive uniform clinical and neuropsychological evaluation using traditional measures, older adults were classified as cognitively normal or diagnosed with aMCI. All participants were administered the LASSI-BC, a computerized version of the LASSI-L. Test-retest and discriminant validity was assessed for each LASSI-BC subscale. RESULTS: LASSI-BC subscales demonstrated high test-retest reliability, and discriminant validity was attained. The LASSI-BC, a brief computerized version of the LASSI-L is a valid and useful cognitive tool for the detection of aMCI among older adults.
Stimulus valence, episodic memory, and the priming of brain activation profiles in borderline personality disorder.

BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in affective regulation that can result in a loss of cognitive control. Triggers may be neuronal responses to emotionally valenced context and/or stimuli. 'Neuronal priming' indexes the familiarity of stimuli, and may capture the obligatory effects of affective valence on the brain's processing system, and how such valence mediates responses to the repeated presentation of stimuli. We investigated the effects of affective valence of stimuli on neuronal priming (i.e. changes in activation to repeated presentation of stimuli), and if these effects distinguished BPD patients from controls. METHODS Forty BPD subjects and 25 control subjects (age range: 18-44) participated in an episodic memory task during fMRI. Stimuli were presented in alternating epochs of encoding (six images of positive, negative, and neutral valence) and recognition (six images for 'old' v. 'new' recognition). Analyses focused on inter-group differences in the change in activation to repeated stimuli (presented during Encoding and Recognition). RESULTS Relative to controls, BPD showed greater priming (generally greater decrease from encoding to recognition) for negatively valenced stimuli. Conversely, BPD showed less priming for positively valenced stimuli (generally greater increase from encoding to recognition). CONCLUSION Plausibly, the relative familiarity of negative valence to patients with BPD exerts an influence on obligatory responses to repeated stimuli leading to repetition priming of neuronal profiles. The specific effects of valence on memory and/or attention, and consequently on priming can inform the understanding of mechanisms of altered salience for affective stimuli in BPD.
Order from Chaos: How Networked Activists Self-Organize by Creating a Participation Architecture:

Collectives attempting to self-organize without relying on managerial control can leverage open, digital networks to foster information exchange and agility. But, as collectives grow, the open boun...
Ventricular Volume Change as a Predictor of Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background Hydrocephalus is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) that often requires acute placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD). The current systems available for determining which patients will require long-term cerebrospinal fluid diversion remain subjective. We investigated the ventricular volume change (ΔVV) after EVD clamping as an objective predictor of shunt dependence in patients with aSAH. Methods We performed a retrospective medical record review and image analysis of patients treated for aSAH at a single academic institution who had required EVD placement for acute hydrocephalus and had undergone 1 EVD weaning trial. Head computed tomography (CT) scans obtained before and after EVD clamping were analyzed using a custom semiautomated MATLAB program (MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA), which segments each CT scan into 5 tissue types using k-means clustering. Differences in the pre- and postclamp ventricular volumes were calculated. Results A total of 34 patients with an indwelling shunt met the inclusion criteria and were sex- and age-matched to 34 controls without a shunt. The mean ΔVV was 19.8 mL in the shunt patients and 3.8 mL in the nonshunt patients (P Conclusions The ΔVV volume between head CT scans taken before and after EVD clamping was predictive of early and delayed shunt dependence.
Fluidic zoom-lens-system-on-a-chip

This paper demonstrates for the first time, fluidic zoom-lens-system-on-a-chip. The device is fabricated using standard microfabrication process. Including 10 mm image distance, the entire system is less than 18 mm long. Above all, the zooming function, telephoto function, and reverse telephoto function can all be achieved in the same device. The zooming capability is achieved via focal length tuning instead of changing the lens distance. A zoom ratio larger than 2.83 has been demonstrated on such device. The device shows a wide tunable range in its field of view from 10 to 80 degrees, which is a particularly attractive property to be incorporated, with the zooming capability, into cameras in such devices as cell phones, PDAs, notebook computers, and miniaturized inspection and surveillance systems.
Interactive Visualization of Time-Resolved Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography (CE-MRA)

Time-resolved Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) provides time-varying 3D datasets, or 4D data, that demonstrate the vascular anatomy and general flow patterns within the body. A single exam can generate 15-30 time frames of 256x256x256 images. Current commercial PACS workstations are expensive and do not provide the visualization tools necessary for interpreting this data. They are also ill suited for the types of image analysis often required for research applications. We introduce an interactive OpenGL-based tool for visualizing these datasets. It offers maximum intensity projections (MIPs) with arbitrary cut-planes and viewing angle. It allows rapid switching between time frames or datasets and rendering of multiple datasets simultaneously in different colors. CR Categories: I.3.3: [Computer Graphics] Picture/Image Generation— Viewing algorithms; I.3.4: Graphics Utilities—Application packages, graphics packages; I.3.6: Methodology and Techniques—Interaction
Dual Commitments to Organizations and Professions Different Motivational Pathways to Productivity

Commitments to organizations and professions have important implications for behavior in the workplace, but little is known about how these dual commitments combine to affect organizational outcomes. We present a model proposing that commitment to professions influences productivity through a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on extrinsic motivation. Commitment to organizations, conversely, is hypothesized to have a negative effect on intrinsic motivation and a positive effect on extrinsic motivation. We tested the model with a sample of 237 tenured management professors and, overall, the model fit the data well and better than less parsimonious models or ones positing reverse causality. Commitment to the profession was positively related to intrinsic motivation to engage in research and, through this effect, resulted in more challenging research goals, increased commitment to those goals, more hours spent on research, and greater research productivity. Commitment to the organi...
Model Sharing among Agents in a Concurrent Product Development Team

We describe a project involving the use of software agents for concurrent engineering of electromechanical products. The agents are a mix of autonomous programs and software interfaces for human specialists in an engineering team. Our goal is to accelerate the design process by reducing delays associated with the exchange of design information, including models, constraints, objectives, and dependencies associated with each agent. Part of this effort involves methods for representing and exchanging design information in a human/machine-readable form. In this paper we focus on the sharing of information in models, such as the lumped-parameter models of electromechanical systems that engineers often use in the early stages of design. We first review the design information-sharing problem and examine the different levels of abstraction and detail at which such information is represented and shared. We then introduce a representation language and information-sharing infrastructure that we have employed for an agent-based concurrent engineering system. We illustrate some of the issues involved in our approach with a short scenario involving the redesign of an optical pick-up head for DVD (digital versatile disc) players. We then discuss our plans for extending the system to allow more general exchanges of engineering models among agents.
A Novel Approach to Finding Near-Cliques: The Triangle-Densest Subgraph Problem

Many graph mining applications rely on detecting subgraphs which are near-cliques. There exists a dichotomy between the results in the existing work related to this problem: on the one hand the densest subgraph problem (DSP) which maximizes the average degree over all subgraphs is solvable in polynomial time but for many networks fails to find subgraphs which are near-cliques. On the other hand, formulations that are geared towards finding near-cliques are NP-hard and frequently inapproximable due to connections with the Maximum Clique problem. In this work, we propose a formulation which combines the best of both worlds: it is solvable in polynomial time and finds near-cliques when the DSP fails. Surprisingly, our formulation is a simple variation of the DSP. Specifically, we define the triangle densest subgraph problem (TDSP): given $G(V,E)$, find a subset of vertices $S^*$ such that $\tau(S^*)=\max_{S \subseteq V} \frac{t(S)}{|S|}$, where $t(S)$ is the number of triangles induced by the set $S$. We provide various exact and approximation algorithms which the solve the TDSP efficiently. Furthermore, we show how our algorithms adapt to the more general problem of maximizing the $k$-clique average density. Finally, we provide empirical evidence that the TDSP should be used whenever the output of the DSP fails to output a near-clique.
EAGOL: an artificial intelligence system for process monitoring, situation assessment and response planning

EAGOL is an artificial intelligence system for process monitoring, situation assessment, and response planning in the management of complex, engineered systems in real time. Understanding the behavior of complex systems requires two basic types of analysis, both of which are incorporated within the EAGOL model: (1) first-principles cause-and-effect analysis of the engineered system, and (2) analysis of the types of interventions that may introduced into the engineered system from (a) built-in automatic safeguard mechanisms, and (b) human operators, who are often guided by pre-defined written procedures. EAGOL includes a goal-based model of procedure generation which allows the program (1) to generate procedures based on its assessment of real or potential system states and events, and (2) to use its internal representation of procedures and goals to reason along with human operators in pursuit of an emergency resolution. >
Second Cysteine-rich Region of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Contains Targeting Information for Caveolae/Rafts

Previous studies have shown that ∼60% of the epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) in quiescent fibroblasts are concentrated in the caveolae/raft fraction from purified plasma membranes. This high degree of localization suggests the EGFR contains targeting information for lipid domains. We have used mutagenesis to determine that the region of the receptor that controls targeting to caveolae/rafts resides in the juxtamembrane, second cysteine-rich region. A 60-amino acid-long sequence within this region that is continuous with the transmembrane domain was sufficient to target the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tails of both EGFR and the low density lipoprotein receptor to caveolae/rafts. TwoN-linked sugars in this segment were not required for proper targeting, although unglycosylated wild-type receptors did not localize properly. We conclude that, in contrast to signals for coated pit localization that are in the cytoplasmic tail, the targeting information for caveolae/rafts is on the extracellular side of the EGFR very close to the membrane.
Against Culture: Development, Politics, and Religion in Indian Alaska

Contents: List of Illustrations Series Editors' Introduction Preface Acknowledgments "Introduction: "You Won't Find Any Chilkat Dancers Dancing in Heaven" " Part 1: Landscapes 1. Politics on the Other Side of the Mountain 2. The Ins and Outs of Village Social Organization 3. The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 4. Subsistence and the Cost of Culture Part 2: Churches 5. The Spirit in Alaskav "6. "Jesus Loves You" " 7. Indianness and Conversion Conclusion: Culture in History Series Editors' Afterword Notes Notes on Sources References Index
An Inexpensive Laser Raman Spectrometer Based on CCD Detection

We describe an inexpensive modular Raman spectrometer system that can be assembled from commercial components for under $5000. Three typical applications are presented: a demonstration of a vibrational isotope effect, a Raman polarization experiment, and a resonance Raman experiment. This spectrometer system should make it easier to include the important topic of Raman spectroscopy in the undergraduate physical and analytical chemistry laboratory curricula.
Standards for economic and quality of life studies in transplantation

There are unique requirements in conducting and reporting economic and quality of life investigations in medicine as compared with more traditional studies involving clinical outcomes. In addition, there are several unique characteristics of the discipline of transplantation that also bear attention in economic and quality of life studies. To provide guidelines for future research and reporting of future research, a consensus conference of transplant professionals was convened to discuss these issues. Five different areas were addressed: "Conducting an Economic Analysis," "Reporting an Economic Analysis," "Quality of Life Studies in Transplantation," "Ethical and Conflict of Interest Issues Between Sponsors and Investigators," and "Future Directions for Research." A series of recommendations for each of these areas with reference to relevant literature is presented.
Note on Statistical Regression

Even when the average performance and variability of a group are identical on a pretest and a posttest, the scores of some subjects are likely to change substantially. The percentage of subjects whose scores may be expected to change by any given amount is a simple function of the correlation between the pretest and posttest scores. Two examples were given in which the results obtained agreed closely with those “predicted” on the basis of the pretest-posttest correlation. Understanding regression effects will help investigators guard against misinterpretation of their data.
Pupillary block after intraocular lens implantation.

Seventeen patients, ranging in age from 40 to 86 years, developed pupillary block detected one week to three years after intraocular lens implantation. Sixteen of the implants were anterior chamber intraocular lenses and one was a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Despite iris bombe that closed the anterior chamber angle, many cases were asymptomatic and were discovered fortuitously during routine postoperative examinations. Laser iridotomy or iridectomy eliminated the pupillary block in all 17 cases, but permanent synechial closure of a portion of the anterior chamber angle persisted in most cases and sometimes required medication or further surgery. One eye eventually lost all light perception.
The structure of a special class of near-rings

It is well known that a Boolean ring is isomorphic to a subdirect sum of two-element fields. In [3] a near-ring ( B , +, ·) is said to be Boolean if there exists a Boolean ring ( B , +, Λ, 1) with identity such that · is defined in terms of +, Λ, and 1 and, for any b ∈ B, b · b = b . A Boolean near-ring B is called special if a · b = (a ν x) Λ b , where x is a fixed element of B . It was pointed out that a special Boolean near-ring is a ring if and only if x = 0. Furthermore, a special Boolean near-ring does not have a right identity unless x = 0. It is natural to ask then whether any Boolean near-ring (which is not a ring) can have a right identity. Also, how are the subdirect structures of a special Boolean near-ring compared to those of a Boolean ring. It is the purpose of this paper to give a negative answer to the first question and to show that the subdirect structures of a special Boolean near- ring are very ‘close’ to those of a Boolean ring. In fact, we will investigate a class of near-rings that include the special Boolean near-rings and the Boolean semi- rings as defined in [8].
IRRADIATION AND STORAGE EFFECTS ON AROMA AND COLOR OF RAW BEEF PATTIES IN ANAEROBIC OR AEROBIC PACKAGING1

Effects of irradiation (2 kGy) of ground beef from trimmings aged 3, 6, or 9 days postmortem (PM) and packaged aerobically or anaerobically on lean color and aroma were investigated. Irradiation increased off-odors and reduced color scores and Hunter a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values (P < 0.05). Aerobic packaging increased (P < 0.05) off-odors and Hunter L* (lightness) and b* values while reducing color scores and a* values. Irradiated patties made from trimmings of the shortest aged meat, 3-days, had higher color scores and a* values, compared to irradiated samples aged 6- and 9-days PM (P < 0.05). Irradiated patties packaged aerobically had more (P < 0.05) off-odors, hue angle and L* and b* values and lower color scores and a* values when compared to irradiated anaerobic patties. Thus, irradiated beef patties should be made of short aged trimmings and anaerobically packaged to prevent discoloration and off-odors.
TUNING OF PHOTONIC CRYSTAL BAND PROPERTIES BY ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION

We report the application of atomic layer deposition to manipulate the dielectric architecture of conventional and superlattice two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides fabricated in silicon. Conformal deposition of a second dielectric layer is shown to have a dramatic influence on the photonic band structure and produces unique effects that cannot be emulated in a single dielectric slab photonic crystal material. With additional dielectric coatings, a strong decrease in photonic band frequencies and change in band slope are observed, which for the lowest photonic states produces strong degeneracies. The capability, in principle, to tune the position of bands to within 0.005% accuracy, is demonstrated. Additionally, new features are observed when differential band shifts result in band-crossing and for which like polarizations activate perturbation mechanisms that result in local and strong band curvatures. The extremely strong band bending resulting from band-band interactions could have applications, in slow light devices, and provide a way to introduce non-linear effects into tunable photonic crystal structures.
Anatomy of the lumbar spinal nerves in the intervertebral foramen

The anatomic relationships between the dorsal and ventral roots, spinal nerve, and dorsal and ventral rami of the lumbar spinal nerves have been described previously primarily on the basis of gross dissection and not on sectional anatomic techniques. Therefore, we examined the proximal spinal nerves in 16 cadavers by gross dissection, cryomicrotomy, and histology. On opening the root sheath that had been exposed by gross dissection, multiple fascicles could be identified intervening between the spinal nerve and the spinal nerve roots. Anatomic sections in a sagittal plane immediately distal (lateral) to the dorsal root ganglion demonstrated a plexus of fascicles 6–15 in number and 2–6 mm in length. On histologic sections the 6–15 fascicles were identified interspersed with fat and numerous small blood vessels. The proximal spinal nerve is formed from the convergence of these fascicles.
Snowpack control over the thermal offset of air and soil temperatures in eastern North Dakota

[1] The close relationship between air and ground temperatures has been used to reconstruct paleoclimate conditions from ground temperatures. Unfortunately, the presence of snow decouples air and ground temperatures and obscures their relationship. The objective of this paper is to investigate the role that snowpack conditions play in affecting the relationship between air and soil temperatures. The annual thermal offset between mean annual soil and air temperatures is examined over a 12 year period (1990–2002) at Fargo, ND, using observed soil temperatures along with simulations from a physically based snowpack model. Early season snow cover does not necessarily lead to large thermal offsets. These snowpacks, while low in density, also tended to be shallow and therefore do not provide much thermal insulation. Winter snowpacks explain a greater portion of the annual thermal offset. While denser than fall snowpacks, the extra depth and longer persistence leads to superior insulation of the ground.
Family Financial Risk Taking When the Wife Earns More

This study investigates whether the relative bargaining power of spouses plays a role in explaining household financial risk taking. Traditional models assume that household decisions are made based on pooled resources and common preferences. In contrast, bargaining models hypothesize that household decisions depend on the relative bargaining power of spouses. According to bargaining models, if women are more risk averse, then households should exhibit less financial risk taking as the bargaining power of the wife increases. Results of an analysis of household financial risk taking in a sample of dual-earner, married households from the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances are more consistent with decision making based on pooled resources rather than on the relative bargaining power of spouses.
Evidence for regulation of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone degradation pathway in GH3 cells.

GH3 cells, cloned from a rat anterior pituitary tumor, synthesize and secrete PRL in response to TRH. One of the pathways of TRH degradation is removal of the N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue catalyzed by pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase (PPH; EC 3.4.11.8). We recently described the synthesis and properties of 5-oxoprolinal, a specific and potent (Ki = 26 nM) inhibitor of PPH. The effect of long term exposure of GH3 cells to 5-oxoprolinal on PPH activity was studied by incubating cells with inhibitor for 3 days, harvesting, washing to remove inhibitor, and assaying for PPH. Unexpectedly, we found a marked (300%) increase in PPH activity. This effect was dependent on the concentration of 5-oxoprolinal (EC50 = 10−7 M) and was time dependent, with a rapid increase in enzyme activity occurring during the first 24 h. Cycloheximide did not block the increase. The results suggest that the activity of PPH in GH3 cells is subject to complex regulatory mechanisms. (Endocrinology 118: 562–566, 1986)
Facsimile's false starts

The development of the 150-year-old facsimile concept is recounted. The factors that have made it such a popular technology are examined. Its evolution from use in niche markets only to broader use, and the shift of initiative in developing the technology to Japan in the 1980s, are discussed. Standards setting, advantages of facsimile, and legal issues are addressed. >
Ion-binding study by 17O solid-state NMR spectroscopy in the model peptide Gly-Gly-Gly at 19.6 T.

Li+ and Ca2+ binding to the carbonyl oxygen sites of a model peptide system has been studied by 17O solid-state NMR spectroscopy. 17O chemical shift (CS) and quadrupole coupling (QC) tensors are determined in four Gly-(Gly-17O)-Gly polymorphs by a combination of stationary and fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) methods at high magnetic field, 19.6 T. In the crystal lattice, the carbonyl oxygen of the central glycyl residue in two gly-gly-gly polymorphs form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with amides, whereas the corresponding carbonyl oxygens of the other two polymorphs form interactions with Li+ and Ca2+ ions. This permits a comparison of perturbations on 17O NMR properties by ion binding and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. High quality spectra are augmented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on large molecular clusters to gain additional theoretical insights and to aid in the spectral simulations. Ion binding significantly decreases the two 17O chemical shift tensor components in the peptide p...
The remembering of auditory event durations

Three experiments examined the incidental remembering of event durations. In each study, Ss engaged in an initial learning phase in which they performed a set of perceptual ratings on events for a varying number of trials. These events consisted of tonal sequences or ecological sounds that varied in their internal structure and ending. Ss were then given a surprise memory task in which they were asked to recognize the duration of each event (Experiments 1 and 3) or extrapolate its completion (Experiment 2). Results showed that in contrast to irregularly timed events, those filled with regularly timed or continuous pitch information yielded high levels of accuracy that increased with greater learning experience. In addition, durations marked by a nonarbitrary ending were more accurately remembered than those marked by an arbitrary ending which, in fact, were misremembered as shorter than their actual duration. These findings are discussed in terms of an approach that emphasizes the role of event structure on perceiving and remembering activities. Language: en
Some Consequences of Animal Domestication for Humans

ABSTRACTThroughout human evolution our species has had many kinds of interactions with others, including predatory, competitive, parasitic, mutualistic, and commensal. We still have such interactions in the modern world, with the most important resulting from our domestication of other species. Domestication created new kinds of interaction by which we controlled the freedom and reproduction of certain animals. Because domesticated populations became dependent on humans various adaptations by humans were necessary, and it is argued that these influenced the cultural, and possibly biological, evolution of our species.
Low‐temperature Extensions of the Virial Equation of State for Solar Modeling

Low-order density expansions cannot adequately describe recombination reactions. Therefore, the usefulness of an exact quantum virial expansion truncated at the order of ϱ5/2 is limited to the deeper interior of the Sun, where the plasma is nearly fully ionized. Here, intermediate steps towards full-fledged solar modeling are presented. They are (i) a smooth numerical representation of the quantum virial expansion and (ii) the construction of a smooth transition to the low-temperature regime (below 50,000 K), where the virial expansions breaks down due to H recombination. These technical steps are realized for a simplified H-only plasma; the extension to He and heavier elements will be dealt with later. Ultimately, the outcome will be that solar observations can be used to test the accuracy of the virial equation of state and to compare it with current more phenomenological formalisms (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibrational control of Mathieu's equation

The vertically driven inverted pendulum-sometimes called the “Kapitza pendulum”-is a well-known example of an unstable system that can be stabilized by oscillatory forcing. Averaging methods and asymptotic stability results can be applied to develop a general framework for designing suitable inputs. Linearizing the Kapitza pendulum yields Mathieu's equation, which is also extensively studied for its stability characteristics.In this paper, results from these two bodies of work are compared, from the point of view of open-loop control of mechanical systems. The averaging approaches applied to Mathieu's equation are seen to access only a very limited portion of the stability map. Furthermore, stabilizing input signals exist that may be found from the linear stability map, but are not found by averaging methods. The results suggest that the linear stability map is a powerful and underutilized tool for design and analysis of open-loop oscillatory control.
The legal construction of the global foreign exchange market

Abstract Initial analyses of financial globalization argued that increasing interdependence severely curtailed state authority and policy autonomy. While subsequent research countered such claims, the foreign exchange market, which underpins all cross-border transactions, continued to be characterized largely as operating outside the governance frontier of states. At one level, the qualities of the market lent themselves to such conclusions. Yet, through an analysis of the historical trajectory of two legal instruments, the Treasury Amendment and master netting agreements, the central importance of binding state-enforced explicit and implicit codes, or law, in the foreign exchange market is revealed. Far from operating beyond the reach of states, even this most globalized market is legally constructed.
Leak Detection in Liquid Subsea Flowlines With no Recorded Feed Rate

This paper presents a statistical method to detect leaks in subsea liquid flowlines when the inlet flow rate measurements are unavailable and conventional mass balance techniques cannot be used. Presently, the only method used in these situations is to predict the inlet rate from a steady-state reservoir/wellbore model for use in a transient pipeline simulator. The purpose of this work was to examine the utility of a pressure loss model which requires only routine production data. This technique is derived from the statistical theory of estimation and testing, and treats fluctuations due to turbulence, transients, and measurement errors as statistical noise. This method compares two mean values of the pipeline resistance coefficient, R; the new updated value representing the potential leak and the old value being R without leak. Precision of the new method was demonstrated using the 9460-ft long, (3.64 in, i.d.)flowloop at LSU, withflowrates up to 10,000 bbl/day of water, and pressures up to 2400 psi. The leak was simulated by an orifice which discharged the water from the flowline into a shut-in well. An environmental (wellhead) pressure up to 2200 psi was applied to simulate hydrostatic pressure in the deep-sea environment. The results presented in this paper show how detection of small leaks relates to the number of R measurements, leak position, and statistical noise resulting from flow rate-pressure fluctuations, transients, and measurement uncertainties.
Novel Regulation of Keratin Gene Expression by Thyroid Hormone and Retinoid Receptors

Expression of keratin proteins, markers of epidermal differentiation and pathology, is uniquely regulated by the nuclear receptors for retinoic acid (RAR) and thyroid hormone (T3R) and their ligands: it is constitutively activated by unliganded T3R, but it is suppressed by ligand-occupied T3R or RAR. This regulation was studied using gel mobility shift assays with purified receptors and transient transfection assays with vectors expressing various receptor mutants. Regulation of keratin gene expression by RAR and T3R occurs through direct binding of these receptors to receptor response elements of the keratin gene promoters. The DNA binding "C" domain of these receptors is essential for both ligand-dependent and -independent regulation. However, the NH2-terminal "A/B" domain of T3R is not required for either mode of regulation of keratin gene expression. Furthermore, v-ErbA, an oncogenic derivative of cT3R, also activates keratin gene expression. In contrast to the previously described mechanism of gene regulation by T3R, heterodimerization with the retinoid X receptor is not essential for activation of keratin gene expression by unliganded T3R. These findings indicate that the mechanism of regulation of keratin genes by RAR and T3R differs significantly from the mechanisms described for other genes modulated by these receptors.
Oral contraceptives, lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis

A nonhuman primate model was developed to study the effects of oral contraceptives on lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Cynomolgus macaques were selected because of their susceptibility to diet-induced atherosclerosis and because their reproductive physiology, menstrual cycle, and circulating sex hormone patterns are similar to those of human females. The first study compared a vaginal ring containing levonorgestrel and estradiol with an oral contraceptive containing norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. A second study compared two oral combinations: norgestrel-ethinyl estradiol and ethynodiol diacetate-ethinyl estradiol. As predicted, use of all the contraceptives led to lowering of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, contrary to what might be expected, use of the ethinyl estradiol-containing oral contraceptives did not lead to an increase in the prevalence or extent of atherosclerosis. We concluded that ethinyl estradiol neutralized the atherogenic influence of the progestin component of oral contraceptives.
High-efficiency switchable diffractive lens

We demonstrate that, by using circular array of electrode pattern and applying multi-level phase modulation in each zone, a high-efficiency switchable electro-optic diffractive lens using liquid crystal as the active medium can be produced as a switchable eyewear. The lens is flat and the thickness of the liquid crystal is 5 μm. Two different designs are presented. In one design, all the patterned electrodes are distributed in one layer with a 1-μm gap between the electrodes. In the other design, the odd- and even-numbered electrodes are separately patterned in two layers without any lateral gaps between the electrodes. In both cases, vias are made for interconnection between the electrodes and the conductive wires. With the one-layer electrode design, both 1-diopter and 2-diopter 8-level lenses are demonstrated with an aperture of 10 mm. With the two-layer electrode design, a 2-diopter, 15-mm, 4-level lens is demonstrated. The diffraction efficiency of the 8-level lens can be higher than 90%. The ON- and OFF-state of the electrically controlled lens allow near- and distance-vision respectively for presbyopic eyes. The focusing power of the lens can be adjusted to be either positive or negative. The focusing power of the 8-level lens can be adjusted for near-, intermediate-, and distance vision. The lens is compact and easy to operate with fast response time, low voltages and low power dissipation. This is the first demonstration of the switchable lenses that almost meet the requirements for spectacle lens.
Improved Acetylating Radioenzymatic Assay of Amikacin, Tobramycin, and Sisomicin in Serum

Abstract The acetylating radioenzymatic assay of aminoglycosides was modified by using [3H]acetyl coenzyme A as cosubstrate. This modification reduces the cost of the method by at least one-half without sacrificing rapidity or accuracy.
Demonstrating direct use of wet ethanol in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine

Abstract Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are amenable to a large variety of fuels as long as the fuel can be fully vaporized, mixed with air, and receive sufficient heat during the compression stroke to reach the autoignition conditions. This study investigates an HCCI engine fueled with ethanol-in-water mixtures, or “wet ethanol”. The motivation for using wet ethanol fuel is that significant energy is required for distillation and dehydration of fermented ethanol (from biosources, not from petroleum), thus direct use of wet ethanol could improve the associated energy balance. Recent modeling studies have predicted that an HCCI engine can operate using fuel containing as little as 35% ethanol-in-water with surprisingly good performance and emissions. With the previous modeling study suggesting feasibility of wet ethanol use in HCCI engines, this paper focuses on experimental operation of a 4-cylinder 1.9-L engine running in HCCI mode fueled with wet ethanol. This paper investigates the effect of the ethanol-water fraction on the engine's operating limits, intake temperatures, heat release rates, and exhaust emissions for the engine operating with 100%, 90%, 80%, 60%, and 40% ethanol-in-water mixtures.
Endoscopic management of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula.

Abstract Rational Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistulas (RTEFs) remain a therapeutic challenge because open surgical approaches have been associated with substantial rates of morbidity, mortality, and repeat recurrences. Recently, endoscopic techniques for the repair of RTEF have provided an alternative approach with the potential for improved surgical outcomes. However, previous reports have been limited by small patient numbers and variations in technique. By examining a single institution's experience and performing a systematic review of previously published results, we aimed to identify an optimal approach to managing RTEF endoscopically. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing endoscopic management of RTEF at a single tertiary care institution was performed. Medline search and summated analysis of previously published cases of endoscopically treated RTEF from 1975 to 2007 was conducted. Results Four patients with RTEF were identified and selected for endoscopic repair at our institution from 2003 to 2007 (mean age, 11.5 months). Under endoscopic guidance, fistula tracts were de-epithelialized with a Bugbee fulgurating diathermy electrode (5-15 W) and then sealed with fibrin glue (Tisseel with added aprotinin). Closure of RTEF was successful in 3 patients after a single attempt. One revision was required after inadvertent recannulation of the tract with an emergent tracheostomy tube change. No patient has evidence of recurrence (mean follow-up, 16 months). In 15 articles of endoscopically repaired RTEF, 37 cases have been reported from 1975 until present. In general, 3 approaches to endoscopic repair have been explored. Analysis of all reported cases in the literature and results from our patient series suggests that endoscopic techniques designed to both de-epithelialize the fistula tract and seal with fibrin glue have the best chance for cure after a single attempt. Patients with long, thin, and small diameter fistula who have enough distal trachea to accommodate a postoperative cuffed ventilating tube beyond the fistula are ideal candidates for endoscopic repair. Conclusion In select patients, endoscopic management of RTEF using Bugbee cautery and tissue adhesives can reduce morbidity and recurrence associated with open approaches and alternative endoscopic techniques.
The Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Sooting Diffusion Flames

Abstract In a concentric diffusion flame arrangement, sooting heights were determined as a function of the oxygen concentration in the oxidizing stream. Changing the oxygen concentration has two different and competing effects on the tendency of a fuel jet to soot. Increasing the oxygen concentration increases the stoichiometric flame temperature which in turn increases the fuel pyrolysis and soot formation rates. However, increasing the oxygen concentration also increases the particle burn-up rate in the vicinity of the flame. The initial effect dominates at high oxygen concentrations and the latter at low concentrations. In most practical combustor systems, the temperature would appear to be the controlling parameter.
Forced Oscillations of the Korteweg-de Vries Equation on a Bounded Domain and their Stability

It has been observed in laboratory experiments that when nonlinear dispersive waves are forced periodically from one end of undisturbed stretch of the medium of propagation, the signal eventually becomes temporally periodic at each spatial point. The observation has been confirmed mathematically in the context of the damped Kortewg-de Vries (KdV) equation and the damped Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) equation. In this paper we intend to show the same results hold for the pure KdV equation (without the damping terms) posed on a bounded domain. Consideration is given to the initial-boundary-value problem $ u_t +u_x +$uux$ +$uxxx$=0, \quad u(x,0) =\phi (x), \qquad $ 0 0, (*) $ u(0,t) =h (t), \qquad u(1,t)=0, \qquad u_x (1,t) =0, \quad t>0. $ It is shown that if the boundary forcing $h$ is periodic with small amplitude, then the small amplitude solution $u$ of (*) becomes eventually time-periodic. Viewing (*) (without the initial condition ) as an infinite-dimensional dynamical system in the Hilbert space $L^2(0,1)$, we also demonstrate that for a given periodic boundary forcing with small amplitude, the system (*) admits a (locally) unique limit cycle, or forced oscillation, which is locally exponentially stable. A list of open problems are included for the interested readers to conduct further investigations.