cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Improved Approach to Uncertainty Quantification for Plasma Turbulence Validation Studies

AbstractDue to the strong nonlinear dependence of plasma turbulence on drive and dissipation mechanisms, uncertainties in experimental inputs can be greatly magnified in simulations of this turbulence. Thus, careful uncertainty quantification (UQ) and its inclusion within validation metrics is an integral part of plasma turbulence validation studies. To minimize the number of simulations required for UQ, we investigate the use of the rapidly converging nonintrusive probabilistic collocation method (PCM) for efficient plasma turbulence UQ. This approach is shown to yield more realistic uncertainty estimates than simple uniform sampling methods for a practical number of nonlinear simulations. The inclusion of UQ above and near critical gradients is discussed. To demonstrate its utility, the advantages of PCM are first illustrated using a simple model of critical gradient turbulence. It is then used on simulations from a validation study of drift-wave turbulence in the CSDX linear plasma device experiment. T...
Human Love Styles and Attitudes Toward Pets

Pets have a positive influence on humans’ physical and psychological wellbeing, as well as their close relationships. In general, people who hold a positive view of people in turn hold a favorable ...
Decentralization, Collaboration, and Normative Leadership: Implications for Central Office Practice and Research

The preparation of this chapter was supported by funds from the United States Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI). The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the position of OERI, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear, Two-Point Boundary-Value Problems

Publisher Summary This chapter presents general methods for solving nonlinear equations and nonlinear, two-point boundary value problems. The most direct way to solve these equations is to employ quasilinearization, that is, to replace the nonlinear system by one that is linear in the perturbations about a nominal point. The resulting algorithm is called ordinary quasilinearization algorithm. The main advantage of the ordinary quasilinearization algorithm is simplicity and rapidity of convergence, if the nominal point is in the neighborhood of the solution point. However, these are the cases where ordinary quasilinearization diverges because of excessive magnitude of the variations. The fundamental property of the modified quasilinearization algorithm is the descent property. Ordinary quasilinearization fails to converge because of exponential overflow and modified quasilinearization fails to converge because of excessive number of stepsize bisections. While the method of particular solutions is developed for linear systems, it can also be used to solve nonlinear systems.
Developing a brief measure of smoking in the home: Description and preliminary evaluation

We describe a self-report measure of household smoking exposure and its relationship to ambient nicotine levels as measured by a passive nicotine monitor. Thirty-nine participants placed a passive nicotine monitor in their home for a 7-day period and completed a retrospective household smoking questionnaire. The composite index from the household smoking questionnaire was strongly correlated with air nicotine concentration (r = .74, p < .01). The household smoking questionnaire appears to be a convenient low-response cost method of assessing indoor smoke exposure.
Effects of structural-fluid coupling uncertainty on the dynamic behavior of nominally straight and uniform pipes conveying fluid: Modeling and numerical study

Abstract This investigation is focused on understanding and modeling the effects of specific structural uncertainties in nearly-straight and uniform pipes conveying fluid on the dynamic response and stability of these pipes. The structural uncertainties of interest here are those that affect directly the fluid flow and its feedback on the structural response, e.g., uncertainties on/variations of the inner cross-section and curvature of the pipe. Owing to the complexity of introducing such uncertainties directly in finite element models, it is desired to proceed directly at the level of modal models by randomizing simultaneously the appropriate mass, stiffness, and damping matrices. The maximum entropy framework is adopted to carry out the stochastic modeling of these matrices with appropriate symmetry constraints guaranteeing that the nature, e.g., divergence or flutter, of the bifurcation is preserved when introducing uncertainty. To support the formulation of this stochastic reduced order model (ROM), a series of finite element computations are first carried out for pipes with straight centerline but inner radius varying randomly along the pipe. The results of this numerical discovery effort demonstrate that the dominant effects originate from the variations of the exit flow velocity, induced by the change in inner cross-section at the pipe end, with the uncertainty on the cross-section at other locations playing a secondary role. Relying on these observations, the stochastic reduced order model is constructed to model separately the uncertainty in inner cross-section at the pipe end and at other locations. Then, the fluid related mass, damping, and stiffness matrices of this stochastic ROM are all determined from a single random matrix and one additional random variable. The predictions from this stochastic ROM are found to closely match the corresponding results obtained with the randomized finite element model. It is finally argued that this stochastic ROM also accounts for the small effects due to uncertainty in pipe curvature.
Association of Statewide Implementation of the Prehospital Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment Guidelines With Patient Survival Following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Excellence in Prehospital Injury Care (EPIC) Study.

Importance Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a massive public health problem. While evidence-based guidelines directing the prehospital treatment of TBI have been promulgated, to our knowledge, no studies have assessed their association with survival. Objective To evaluate the association of implementing the nationally vetted, evidence-based, prehospital treatment guidelines with outcomes in moderate, severe, and critical TBI. Design, Setting, and Participants The Excellence in Prehospital Injury Care (EPIC) Study included more than 130 emergency medical services systems/agencies throughout Arizona. This was a statewide, multisystem, intention-to-treat study using a before/after controlled design with patients with moderate to critically severe TBI (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Barell Matrix-Type 1 and/or Abbreviated Injury Scale Head region severity ≥3) transported to trauma centers between January 1, 2007, and June 30, 2015. Data were analyzed between October 25, 2017, and February 22, 2019. Interventions Implementation of the prehospital TBI guidelines emphasizing avoidance/treatment of hypoxia, prevention/correction of hyperventilation, and avoidance/treatment of hypotension. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary: survival to hospital discharge; secondary: survival to hospital admission. Results Of the included patients, the median age was 45 years, 14 666 (67.1%) were men, 7181 (32.9%) were women; 16 408 (75.1% ) were white, 1400 (6.4%) were Native American, 743 (3.4% ) were Black, 237 (1.1%) were Asian, and 2791 (12.8%) were other race/ethnicity. Of the included patients, 21 852 met inclusion criteria for analysis (preimplementation phase [P1]: 15 228; postimplementation [P3]: 6624). The primary analysis (P3 vs P1) revealed an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.06 (95% CI, 0.93-1.21;P = .40) for survival to hospital discharge. The aOR was 1.70 (95% CI, 1.38-2.09;P Conclusions and Relevance Statewide implementation of the prehospital TBI guidelines was not associated with significant improvement in overall survival to hospital discharge (across the entire, combined moderate to critical injury spectrum). However, adjusted survival doubled among patients with severe TBI and tripled in the severe, intubated cohort. Furthermore, guideline implementation was significantly associated with survival to hospital admission. These findings support the widespread implementation of the prehospital TBI treatment guidelines. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT01339702
Humanistic Criminology: Is It Possible?

A humanistic criminology is one that would be oriented to human betterment and fulfillment, as opposed to conventional criminology oriented to the control of crime and suppression of offenders. Some of the obstacles that stand in the way of developing a humanistic criminology, as well as some of the reasons why these obstacles do not necessarily preclude its being established, are addressed. Some reasons why humanistic criminology is desirable are suggested. Given that humanistic criminology is viable a critique of contemporary schools of criminology/criminal justice is offered and a number of suggestions are made regarding what an academic department of criminology oriented to humanism would study and emphasize in its curriculum and goals. 1. This is a substantially revised and expanded version of a paper presented at the American Society of Criminology meetings in Denver, 1983. My thanks to S. Priyadarsini, Jayshree Parthasarathy, and Lucile Duberman for their comments and suggestions. 444
Empires in World War I: shifting frontiers and imperial dynamics in a global conflict

The historical study of World War I has taken a decidedly imperial turn. This welcome development has emerged from the work of established and younger scholars who have analysed the war’s history f...
Rhetorics Elsewhere and Otherwise: Contested Modernities, Decolonial Visions, edited by Romeo García and Damián Baca: National Council of Teachers of English, 2019, 242 pp., $34.99 (paper), ISBN: 978-0814141410

Rhetorical studies scholars in both communication and writing and rhetorical studies (WRS) are currently investing in momentous discussions about social justice with the promise of material, consti...
Late Presentation of Uterine Rupture Following Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery: A Case Report.

Background A trial of labor after cesarean delivery is associated with uterine rupture rates of 0.5 to 0.9%, which can have devastating neonatal and maternal consequences. While uterine rupture typically occurs during labor, it can clinically manifest after delivery. Case A 23-year-old multiparous female presented in labor at term. Her obstetrical history was significant for a prior low transverse cesarean delivery. She had an uncomplicated labor course and spontaneous vaginal delivery. Immediately after delivery, she complained of severe right shoulder and left lower quadrant pain. Bedside ultrasound revealed a 10-cm, complex, adnexal mass adjacent to the uterus without free fluid. She was hemodynamically stable and appeared clinically well. On repeat ultrasound, the mass was unchanged; however, the patient now had free intraperitoneal fluid along the liver edge. Emergent laparotomy revealed a uterine rupture along her prior hysterotomy with extension into the right uterine artery. A 10-cm broad ligament hematoma ruptured posteriorly resulting in a 1-L hemoperitoneum. She received multiple blood products intraoperatively and recovered well postpartum. Conclusion Delivery after trial of labor after cesarean delivery usually decreases acuity; however, these patients remain at risk for significant complications. Clinicians should continue to assess patients in the immediate postpartum period and proceed with surgical intervention if necessary.
Optimal use of downward substitution in a manufacturing operation subject to uncertainty

Abstract We study the optimal use of downward substitution for a capacitated manufacturing firm subject to supply uncertainty. The firm may substitute units of a higher-quality component in place of the lower-quality component to mitigate the negative consequences arising from the disruption of a lower-quality component supplier. We use first-order optimality conditions to study the optimal use of downward substitution in a single-period setting and stochastic programming techniques to extend our analysis to a multi-period setting. We explicitly characterize the optimal use of downward substitution for the single-period setting. Interestingly, we identify two distinct applications of the tactic, one that increases the supply of the lower-quality product following a disruption and another that rations limited production capacity when no disruption occurs. We conduct a numerical study that investigates the use and profit impact of these two forms of downward substitution for varying problem parameters and length of the planning horizon. Our results show that both applications of downward substitution are widely applicable and investigates the impact of various factors including cost relationships, demand uncertainty, demand correlation, and the available production capacity on the usage of downward substitution and the marginal profit improvements it offers.
Three machine learning algorithms and their utility in exploring risk factors associated with primary cesarean section in low-risk women: A methods paper

Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is increasingly used in health research, including nursing and maternal outcomes research. Machine learning algorithms are complex and involve statistics and terminology that are not common in health research. The purpose of this methods paper is to describe three machine learning algorithms in detail and provide an example of their use in maternal outcomes research. The three algorithms, classification and regression trees, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and random forest, may be used to understand risk groups, select variables for a model, and rank variables' contribution to an outcome, respectively. While machine learning has plenty to contribute to health research, it also has some drawbacks, and these are discussed as well. To provide an example of the different algorithms' function, they were used on a completed cross-sectional study examining the association of oxytocin total dose exposure with primary cesarean section. The results of the algorithms are compared to what was done or found using more traditional methods.
Ionospheric Irregularity Layer Height and Thickness Estimation With a GNSS Receiver Array

This work develops a method by which a kilometer-spaced array of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) scintillation receivers can be used to estimate the ionospheric irregularity layer height and thickness and associated uncertainties on those estimates. Spectra of filtered signal power and phase data are used to estimate these quantities by comparing the observed ratio of the log of the power spectrum to the phase spectrum with the Rytov weak scatter theoretical ratio. A Monte Carlo simulation of noise on the input signal and the irregularity drift velocity is used to quantify the error in estimates of height and thickness. The method is tested using data from the Scintillation Auroral Global Positioning System (GPS) Array (SAGA) sited in the auroral zone at Poker Flat Research Range, Alaska. For the 30-min scintillation period studied, the technique identifies ionospheric scattering from a thick F layer, which correlates well with on-site incoherent scatter radar measurements of peak electron density, for an event previously identified in the literature as likely due to F layer.
From ‘sangley’ to ‘Chinaman’, ‘Chinese Mestizo’ to ‘Tsinoy’: unpacking ‘Chinese’ identities in the Philippines at the turn of the Twentieth-Century

This paper examines the historical antecedents of the terminologies ascribed to the Chinese in the Philippines, focusing on the late Spanish to the early American colonial periods. Many government ...
Ultrafast currents in two dimensional hexagonal semiconductors

In two-dimensional hexagonal semiconductors, we show that an applied ultrafast strong optical pulse results in a finite conduction band population and generates both longitudinal and transverse electric currents during and after the pulse.
Perspectives of inpatient rehabilitation clinicians on the state of manual wheelchair training: a qualitative analysis.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify clinician knowledge regarding manual wheelchair (MWC) training in an inpatient rehabilitation (IPR) setting, identify current MWC education provided to new manual wheelchair users (MWUs), and determine how MWC training resources can be developed or modified to promote use among IPR clinicians. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 licenced IPR clinicians who work with MWUs. Using a traditional qualitative research design, researchers completed open, data-driven coding of interview transcripts. Overarching themes were determined through content analysis. RESULTS Participants included 12 physical therapists, six occupational therapists, one physical therapy assistant, and one occupational therapy assistant. Five themes emerged from the interviews: (1) clinician knowledge, education, and experience (2) current training content (3) training environment, (4) desired programme components (5) barriers to implementation. Participants reported receiving minimal education in school and from their employers on training MWUs. While clinicians expressed the importance of MWU education, they used varying training approaches with little standardization. Participants identified that training protocols for IPR are beneficial if they are quick, straightforward, and flexible. CONCLUSIONS While MWC training occurs during IPR stays, it appears to be inconsistent across facilities, clinicians, and patients, with varying degrees of adherence to evidence-based practices. This is likely due to limited feasibility and awareness of existing MWC training resources. Clinician input gathered from these interviews provides information for how to best integrate MWC training programmes into the rehabilitative process. Findings may inform the development and assessment of more clinically feasible MWC training protocols.Implications for RehabilitationNew manual wheelchair users must learn numerous wheelchair-related skills in order to participate in everyday life activities.Manual wheelchair education for new users during inpatient rehabilitation is often inconsistent across facilities, clinicians, and patients, with varying degrees of adherence to existing evidence-based practices.Systematic challenges often act as a barrier to the implementation of more comprehensive, structured manual wheelchair training protocols.Manual wheelchair training resources must be concise, flexible, customisable, and easy to follow in order to promote increased implementation among inpatient rehabilitation clinicians.
High-throughput manufacturing of polymer nanofibers via electrohydrodynamic jetting from planar arrays of microfabricated externally-fed emitters

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of novel microfabricated, multiplexed sources for highthroughput production of polymer nanofibers. The devices are planar arrays of high-aspect-ratio silicon emitters with surfaces covered by an array of micropillars that enable surface tension-driven feed of liquid to the emitter tips. The sources are assembled from monolithic linear arrays of emitters etched out of a silicon wafer using deep reactiveion etching. Experimental data show high array utilization and uniform generation of nanofibers with average diameter equal to ∼250 nm. Increase of the operational bias voltage results in increasing the emission current and nanofiber flux.
Gas chromatographic retention properties of organoammonium exchanged montmorillonites

Abstract The gas chromatographic retention properties of four organoammonium tailored montmorillonites were characterized using 68 probe molecules. The retention patterns favored a steric model in which retention was governed by three parameters: adsorbate dimensions and orientation, interlamellar plate separation distance, and inter-cation volumes in the interlamellar region. Tailored montmorillonites are limited in steric selectivity at large interlamellar plate distances by swelling and acceptance of oversized molecules.
Provenance of Suspended Sediment Discharged from a Karst Aquifer Determined by Clay Mineralogy

Barton Springs is the fourth largest spring in Texas (Brune, 1981). It is the major discharge point for a segment of the Cretaceous Edwards Limestone karst aquifer. Water from Barton Springs is a significant component of the water resource of Austin, the 21st largest city in the United States. Barton Springs is also a heavily used recreational spot, and it is the sole home of the Barton Springs Salamander (Eurycea sosorum), an endangered species that is extremely vulnerable to changes in water quality (Mahler and Lynch, 1999).
Contribution of Gut Bacteria to Lipid Levels: Another Metabolic Role for Microbes?

The human intestinal tract is home to at least 1000 distinct species of bacteria, which collectively number over 100 trillion organisms. This diverse ecosystem is shaped by early life events but can evolve over time through interactions between its constituents, host genes, and exogenous factors, such as diet and environmental exposures. Until recently, characterization of the gut microbiome relied mostly on conventional culture-based microbiological techniques, which was a major hindrance because the vast majority of bacteria in the gut are not readily amenable to cell culture. However, advances in next-generation genomic technologies now allow us to identify and classify gut bacterial composition in an unprecedented manner. In this approach, in-depth sequencing of the variable regions of bacterial 16s rRNA genes is used to determine the diversity and proportion of bacterial taxa within the microbial community. Although a major step forward, the evolutionary resolution provided by 16s sequencing is still limited with current platforms because bacterial composition with this approach is typically identified only down to the genus level. Overcoming these challenges will not only improve our ability to identify and quantify distinct species of bacteria, but may have implications for understanding the pathological mechanisms through which specific bacteria affect both human health and disease processes. Article, see p 817 Metagenomic analyses have revealed that the human gut is mostly composed of a common core of bacteria from 2 major phyla, Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes, with the remainder of the gut microbiota being remarkably diverse. This diversity often includes less abundant representation from the phyla Proteobacteria, Verrumicrobia, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Cyanobacteria, as well as the domain Archaea.1 For the most part, metagenomic analyses on the human gut microbiota have used fecal samples, but it is clear from animal studies that certain anaerobic organisms, such as Akkermansia muciniphila , reside primarily in …
Implementation of American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists HER2 Guideline Recommendations in a tertiary care facility increases HER2 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization concordance and decreases the number of inconclusive cases.

Abstract Context.—The American Society of Clinical Oncology/ College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guideline recommendations from January 2007 identified many sources of immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing variation. Objective.—In this current study, we implemented the guidelines and addressed our institution's preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic variables relating to HER2 testing to improve clinical outcomes. Design.—We evaluated core biopsies performed on breast lesions from 2006 through 2007. Prognostic/predictive markers obtained by IHC were correlated with HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Preanalytic sources of biopsy testing variation were studied by collecting data on the number of biopsies that needed repeat testing because of inconclusive FISH results. Results.—In the year preceding implementation of the guidelines, the HER2 IHC and FISH concordance was 98%. In an additional 10.8% of cases, the FISH results were inconclusive. When additional material became available to re...
Expression and function of bile acid receptor TGR5 in glucagon secreting pancreatic α cells: hyperglycemia induced expression of PC1 and release of GLP-1 in response to activation of TGR5 by bile acids (1108.6)

We have recently shown that TGR5, a novel G protein coupled receptor, expressed in the pancreatic β cells induces insulin secretion in response to bile acids. Secretion of glucagon from the pancrea...
RULE BOHEMIA: THE COSMOPOLITICS OF SUBCULTURE IN GEORGE DU MAURIER'S TRILBY

In 1895, the Critic published an anecdote about two young ladies discussing the popularity of George Du Maurier's novel Trilby (1894): “What is this ‘Trilby’ everybody is talking about?” asked one of these. “Oh,” replied the other, “it's a book – a novel.” “They say it is awfully bad,” said the first young person. “Yes, I've heard so; but it isn't so at all. I read it clear through, and there wasn't anything bad in it. I didn't like it either; there is too much French in it.” “French?” commented the first young woman; “well that's it, then – all the bad part is in French.” “I hadn't thought of that,” mused the other one, “I suppose that's just the way of it.” The dialogue provides an illuminating glimpse into the controversy surrounding the publication of Trilby, a novel that brazenly celebrates a heroine who possesses “all the virtues but one” – chastity (35; pt. 1). Although Trilby was successful enough to inspire a spate of songs, literary parodies, and stage adaptations, its depiction of Paris's bohemian underground flouted mainstream Victorian values. The Connecticut Magazine charged Du Maurier with inspiring “comparative indifference” to sexual virtue, and readers everywhere worried that young people, like those depicted in the above vignette, would be unable to distinguish virtue from vice after reading the novel (“A Free Lance” 105).
The effect of lucanthone (Miracil D) on sublethal radiation damage in chinese hamster cells

Abstract The effect of lucanthone (Miracil D, Nilodin) on the accumulation and repair of sublethal radiation damage was evaluated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Lucanthone is a thiaxanthenone which reversibly inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating with DNA and exhibits a concentration-time dependent toxicity resulting in exponential survival curves ( D o ≌ 5 hr for 5 μg/ml, D O ≌ 1.2 hr for 50 μg/ml). When it is present for sufficient time, lucanthone reduces the cells' capacity to accumulate and repair sublethal radiation damage. For instance, 5 μg/ml (e.g. a clinically attainable concentration) for 10 hr reduced the D q of the radiation dose-cell survival curve from 200 rad to approximately 40 rad. The effect of lucanthone was manifest whether it was present before or after irradiation. The slope of the radiation dose-cell survival curve was not affected by the presence of lucanthone. Cells recovered the full potential to accumulate sublethal radiation damage very shortly after removal of the drug. Lucanthone (5 μg/ml) present between two fractions of 450 rad reduced the recovery ratio (corrected for lucanthone toxicity) from approximately 2.5 to 1.4 at a fractionation interval of 2 hr, but by 4 hr, the recovery ratio returned to 1.0. When lucanthone was removed immediately before two-dose fractionation, the recovery ratio was similar to the control. Lucanthone also prevented the return of the shoulder if it was present between challenge dose of radiation and an ensuing survival curve determination. Lucanthone (5 μg/ml) reduced the rate of DNA synthesis per cell to approximately 70% of control over a 9 hr period, and raised the 3 H-TdR labeling index from 60 to 70% throughout a 9 hr exposure period. Purely parasynchronization phenomena are unlikely to explain the modifying effects of lucanthone on cellular radiation lethality.
On the existence of trimeric enzymes

Abstract 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase of Pseudomonas putida has been shown to be a trimeric oligomer, and recently trimeric structures have been reported for a few other enzymes. This development is discussed in the context of the belief that odd-numbered arrangements are rare and probably not suited to efficient function or evolutionary survival.
Neuropeptide Y is an inducible gene in the human immune system

This study reports on neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lymphoid tissues. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) it is shown that activated human PBMC of normal blood donors expressed the NPY gene. The PCR products had the expected size and Northern blotting demonstrated the presence of the 0.8-kb NPY mRNA. To define the subpopulations of mononuclear cells expressing this neuropeptide, purified monocytes, B cells and T cells were stimulated with specific activators. Monocytes and in vitro matured macrophages expressed NPY mRNA in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). B lymphocytes expressed NPY mRNA following stimulation with antibody to surface immunoglobulin and PMA. In order to analyze whether these cell types express NPY under physiological conditions in vivo, human bone marrow, tonsil and thymus were analyzed. In situ hybridization of bone marrow revealed a small number of cells containing high levels of NPY mRNA which was also detected in RNA extracts of human thymus and tonsil. In summary, NPY is an inducible gene in human lymphocytes and monocytes and it is expressed at sites where these cells are activated in vivo.
Oral health and the patient with dementia

SUMMARY Approximately 1.5 million people in the US have Alzheimer's disease. As the older population increases, the number of persons with Alzheimer's disease will also increase. The goal of the dental care provider, for these persons, is to maintain oral health despite a setting of physical and cognitive decline. Providing dental care to patients with a dementing illness will require modification of patient management techniques, particularly a greater use of nonverbal communication and an alteration in verbal communication patterns. Appropriate treatment planning and aggressive prevention are critical to the maintenance of their oral health.
Evidence based complementary and alternative medicine: promises and problems.

The present paper examines the experience of establishing a center for evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine (EBCAM) practice. It examines both the difficulties and the challenges o
Activity Discovery and Activity Recognition: A New Partnership

Activity recognition has received increasing attention from the machine learning community. Of particular interest is the ability to recognize activities in real time from streaming data, but this presents a number of challenges not faced by traditional offline approaches. Among these challenges is handling the large amount of data that does not belong to a predefined class. In this paper, we describe a method by which activity discovery can be used to identify behavioral patterns in observational data. Discovering patterns in the data that does not belong to a predefined class aids in understanding this data and segmenting it into learnable classes. We demonstrate that activity discovery not only sheds light on behavioral patterns, but it can also boost the performance of recognition algorithms. We introduce this partnership between activity discovery and online activity recognition in the context of the CASAS smart home project and validate our approach using CASAS data sets.
Monoclonal antibodies for specific cell labeling: considerations, preparations and preliminary evaluation.

Two types of monoclonal antibodies (MAb), B79.7 and B59.2 determined to be specific for human platelet glycoprotein III.a and III.a.II.b respectively, were labeled with 125I and 111In via diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) bifunctional chelation technique and evaluated as agents for labeling platelets. Under the chemical conditions chosen one DTPA molecule was bound to one MAb molecule. The specific activities of 111In and 125I preparation averaged 5 and 2.5 Ci/mumol respectively. Both agents showed saturable binding to human platelets. Scatchard analysis showed that the Kd values for 111In-B79.7 and 125I-B79.7 were 83.3 X 10(-9) M and 113.3 X 10(-9) M respectively. The corresponding protein molecules bound per human platelet were 16.75 X 10(3) and 29.5 X 10(3). The Mab B59.2 also reacted with canine platelets and at 50% antigen saturation 49.5% of the added 111In-DTPA-B59.2 was bound to platelets. Using these platelets experimental thrombi were imaged. At 2 h post injection, the thrombi to blood ratios were 15.8. These radiolabeled MAbs are worthy of further evaluation.
Minimizing coupling of power supply noise between digital and RF circuit blocks in mixed signal systems

Isolation of supply noise between disparate circuit blocks is crucial. When powered by the same voltage supply, the switching noise created at the supply node of the digital devices can couple into the power path of the RF circuitry and cause significant performance degradation. Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, ferrite beads, and split planes are all commonly used to mitigate this problem, but each have drawbacks which can be detrimental to signal and power integrity. Furthermore, previous works in [1] and [2] have shown that by utilizing a power transmission line (PTL) in place of a power plane, one can significantly reduce the effect of switching noise in high speed digital I/Os by preventing the occurrence of return path discontinuities. The method proposed here extends the concept of the PTL to mitigate the effect of supply noise coupling between a set of digital I/O buffers and an RF low noise amplifier (LNA). In this work, the approach is to place a notch filter with a bandstop frequency corresponding to center frequency of the LNA in the power supply path of the LNA. Therefore, any frequency content of the switching noise close to operating frequency of the LNA is prevented from entering into its supply node. A board-level test vehicle was built to demonstrate this concept with off-the-shelf components. Through theory, simulation, and lab measurements, is has been shown that utilizing this method can reduce the amount of the switching noise that couples into the output of the LNA by 84%.
Exercise Intolerance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction What Does the Heart Have To Do With It

Heart failure (HF) occurs when the cardiac output is unable to meet the body’s needs without an elevated filling pressure.1,2 Thus, exercise intolerance is an important symptomatic manifestation of HF, including patients with HF and a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).3 Articles see p 278 and p 286 Two similar studies in this issue of Circulation: Heart Failure have reached different conclusions on the importance of cardiac dysfunction in producing exercise intolerance in HFpEF.4,5 Both groups performed upright cardiopulmonary exercise testing with hemodynamic monitoring in patients with preserved ejection fraction, elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW), and exercise intolerance. Santos et al4 found that the major contributor to exercise disability was a limitation of cardiac output, indicating a cardiac cause. This finding is consistent with a similar study by Abudiab et al.1 In contrast, Dhakal et al5 found that a peripheral limitation was the most important cause of reduced aerobic capacity, whereas impaired cardiac output had less impact. This finding is consistent with 2 other studies that indirectly estimated oxygen extraction.6,7 The goal of this editorial was to put these studies in perspective and explore what they tell us about HFpEF. The delivery of oxygen to contracting muscles is essential to perform aerobic exercise. Optimum oxygen delivery requires oxygenation of the blood in the lungs, normal oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, adequate cardiac output that is appropriately distributed to match regional demands, and adequate tissue extraction of oxygen from the blood. Normal adults can increase oxygen consumption (Vo2) >6-fold during exercise by: (1) increasing cardiac output because of a faster heart rate and enhanced stroke volume, and (2) augmenting oxygen extraction producing a fall in mixed venous oxygen content, thereby increasing the difference between arterial …
Analysis of amlodipine in serum by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with amperometric detection

Abstract An analytical method for a new calcium channel blocking agent, amlodipine, has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. No compound modification is required for detection and the calibration curve in spiked sera is linear and reproducible over the range 0.2–2.0 ng ml −1 . The method has been applied successfully to pharmacokinetics studies in rats and also can be used for other dihydropyridine compounds such as nifedipine and nicardipine.
Enthalpies of transformation among the tetragonal, hexagonal, and glassy modifications of GeO2

Abstract By means of solution calorimetry in a molten oxide solvent of composition 2PbO·B 2 O 3 at 692±2°C, the enthalpy of transformation of tetragonal to hexagonal germania was found to be +5·17±0.25 kcal/mole, and that of hexagonal germania to glass, +3·7±0·6 kcal/mole. The heat content increment between room temperature room temperature and the calorimetric temperature. H 966 –H 295 . of the tetragonal form was measured by “transposed-temperature” drop calorimetry in order to refer these data to room temperature. The enthalpies and calculated entropies for the transformations are discussed, and compared with the corresponding values for silica.
Prairie restorations and bees: The potential ability of seed mixes to foster native bee communities

Restoring native habitat is considered critical to conserving native pollinators threatened by habitat loss and degradation, but little is known about whether ecological restorations, most of which do not target pollinators, can predictably support pollinator communities. In this study we compare plant species richness in common commercial prairie seed mixes to remnant prairies, and we take a modeling approach to examine the ability of these seed mixes to attract bee communities relative to native prairie remnants. Using a large data set from native prairies in Iowa consisting of 70 bee species (≈2700 bee specimens) associated with 54 native prairie plants, we constructed species accumulation curves to model the number of bee species potentially attracted to a restoration with the addition of each plant in a seed mix. Our modeling results indicate commercial prairie mixes will accumulate species at rates similar to prairie remnants, but the bee species richness will be lower than remnants because the plant species richness in samples from prairie remnants is twice that of the average commercial seed mix. However, when commercially available seed mixes were modeled to always include four plant species that were exceptionally attractive to native bee species, most mixes attracted significantly more bees than predicted if random species were added. This further suggests that seed mixes and the resulting restorations do not adequately provide for pollinators and could be significantly improved with the addition of a small number of species. Although the particular optimal species additions to seed mixes will vary regionally, adding species functionally equivalent to those we identify may significantly improve restoration of ecological services provided by native bees.
Keeping a Spacecraft on a Vertical Circular Collinear Lagrange Point Orbit

A propulsively managed stationkeeping strategy for a spacecraft orbiting a collinear equilibrium point in a three-body system is introduced. A nominal circular solution with nonuniform speed, which is derived from the Jacobi integral equation, employing elliptic integral theory, is used in a plane perpendicular to the line joining the two primaries. Thrust control inputs, which are found to be nonlinear functions of time, are used to negate the instability ofthe nominal orbit. Analytical relationships for control requirements are developed. Orbit parameters are analyzed and chosen so that the cost of maintaining the nominal orbit is minimized. Resulting thrust requirements are assessed for feasibility with respect to existing propulsion capabilities. Significant freedoms are found to exist for tailoring thrust demands. If proven feasible, the thrust managed orbit could find applications in communications, in situ space measurements, observation platforms, forecasting-warning systems, and loitering. An in situ magnetosphere sampling mission based on a lunar synchronized geopolar orbit is proposed and analyzed using the new results.
The President's Page: AGU and AGI

The last decade has produced a new perspective of science. The Apollo 11 view from Tranquillity Base dramatically reinforced the knowledge that our one earth is all we have; the deep-sea cores brought up by the Glomar Challenger gave us new insight into the history and the workings of that earth, and the recent worldwide concern with pollution and our needs for energy and raw materials made us all aware that, we must learn much more about our earth and apply that knowledge with better judgment. Item: Only a few years ago, every geologist ‘knew’ that geophysics was only a part of geology; on the other hand, every geophysicist ‘knew’ that geology was only a part of geophysics. But now, with our new perspective, the boundaries implied by the old academic categories are fading away, and in every field we find growing stress on the interdisciplinary approach.
On upgrading the numerics in combustion chemistry codes

A method of updating and reusing legacy FORTRAN codes for combustion simulations is presented using the DAEPACK software package. The procedure is demonstrated on two codes that come with the CHEMKIN-II package, CONP and SENKIN, for the constant-pressure batch reactor simulation. Using DAEPACK generated code, analytical derivative calculations, sparsity pattern information, and hidden discontinuity information can be obtained for the models of interest. This information can be easily integrated with different solvers giving the modeler great flexibility in selecting the best solution procedure. Using the generated code, the CONP code was connected to three different solvers, and the SENKIN code was connected to two different solvers. The effect of model formulation, analytical derivatives, sparsity, and sensitivity equation solution method were analyzed for three large kinetic mechanisms for methane, acetylene, and n-heptane. For the n-heptane model, with 544 species and 2446 reactions, a factor of 10-speed improvement over the original solution procedure was found using analytical derivatives and sparse linear algebra. For sensitivity calculations, for a small number of parameters, a factor of 55 improvement over the original solution procedure was found for the n-heptane problem. Upon closer examination of results, no one method is found to always be superior to other methods, and selection of the appropriate solution procedure requires an examination of the specific kinetic mechanism, which is easily conducted using DAEPACK generated code.
Stem cell characteristics of transplanted rat mammary clonogens.

Rat mammary glands contain a subpopulation of clonogenic epithelial cells with large proliferation and differentiation potentials. When transplanted, the clonogens in monodispersed rat mammary epithelial cell suspensions give rise to either alveolar units (AUs) or ductal units (DUs) depending on the nature of the hormonal milieu in the graft recipient. Clonogens are also the primary cells of origin of mammary cancer following exposure to ionizing radiation or chemical carcinogens. Given the other stem cell characteristics of mammary clonogens, it would be expected that the primary AUs and DUs to which they give rise when grafted and hormonally stimulated (a) would be derived from the same clonogenic cell subpopulation, (b) would contain all of the functionally differentiated cell types of homologous parts of comparably stimulated mammary glands in situ, and (c) would also contain clonogen subpopulations capable when subtransplanted of giving rise to secondary AUs and DUs of similar cell composition. The current experiments were designed to test these expectations. The data are discussed in the context of results of previous studies with this and other experimental models. The results further support the conclusion that rat mammary clonogens are multipotent mammary stem cells.
Intracellular membrane localization of pseudomonas ExoS and Yersinia YopE in mammalian cells

ExoS (453 amino acids) is a bi-functional type-III cytotoxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Residues 96-233 comprise the Rho GTPase-activating protein (Rho GAP) domain, while residues 234-453 comprise the 14-3-3-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. Residues 51-72 represent a membrane localization domain (MLD), which targets ExoS to perinuclear vesicles within mammalian cells. YopE (219 amino acids) is a type-III cytotoxin of Yersinia that is also a Rho GAP. Residues 96-219 comprise the YopE Rho GAP domain. While the Rho GAP domains of ExoS and YopE share structural homology, unlike ExoS, the intracellular localization of YopE within mammalian cells has not been resolved and is the subject of this investigation. Deletion mapping showed that the N terminus of YopE was required for intracellular membrane localization of YopE in CHO cells. A fusion protein containing the N-terminal 84 amino acids of YopE localized to a punctate-perinuclear region in mammalian cells and co-localized with a fusion protein containing the MLD of ExoS. Residues 54-75 of YopE (termed YopE-MLD) were necessary and sufficient for intracellular localization in mammalian cells. The YopE-MLD localized ExoS to intracellular membranes and targeted ExoS to ADP-ribosylate small molecular weight membrane proteins as observed for native type-III delivered ExoS. These data indicate that the YopE MLD functionally complements the ExoS MLD for intracellular targeting in mammalian cells.
ARGIMIME YASUPRESSIN (AP): A INDUCED ACTH SECRETION IN THE FETUS

The “stress” hormone AVP has been shown in vivo and in vitro to directly stimulate ACTH secretion and to potentiate the effects of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in adult animals. A similar role for AVP in fetal secretion of ACTH during “stress” is unclear; therefore, we have studied the effect of continuous 30min infusions of AVP (12mU/min) on the secretion of ACTH in chronically instrumented late gestation fetal sheep (n=10, 130-141d) while continuously monitoring heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Arterial blood samples were obtained prior to, 15 and 30min during, and 60min postinfusion for measurements of PO2, PCO2, pH, hematocrit (Hct), AVP, and ACTH. As expected, at 30min HR fell from 167±6 (X±SE) to 115±7bpm* and MAP rose from 52±2 to 66±3mmHg*, both returning to control levels 30min postinfusion. PaO2, pHa, and Hct were unchanged; PaCO2 fell from 42±1.0 to 37±1.3mmHg*. Plasma levels of AVP rose from 2.3±0.2 to 85±7.5* and 89±11* pg/ml at 15 and 30min, respectively, while plasma levels of ACTH rose from 18±2.4 to 28±3.7 and 43±8.0*pg/ml, respectively, an increase of 150±45% at 30min; both returned to control levels at 60min postinfusion. Neither the preinfusion values nor the AVP-induced rise in plasma ACTH at 30min were significantly related to changing gestational age; however, there was a trend for the 30min %ΔACTH to fall. As in adult animals, AVP acts as a CRF, thereby suggesting an important role for this peptide hormone in modulating and coordinating the cardiovascular and hormonal responses observed during fetal “stress.” *n<0.05.