cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Broadband Seismic Noise Analysis of the Himalayan Nepal Tibet Seismic Experiment

We analyze background noise to assess the effects of experimental temporary seismic vault construction and to determine the time needed for noise at sites to stabilize after deployment noise as part of the Himalayan Nepal Tibet Seismic Experiment (himnt). We calculated power spectral densities of background noise for each component of each broadband seismometer deployed in Nepal and Tibet and then compared them with the high-noise model and low-noise Model of Peterson (1993). All segments from day and night local time windows were included in the calculation without parsing out earthquakes. Noise levels were considerably higher for the Nepal stations than the Tibet stations, in particular, in the high frequencies. The most northern of the stations in Tibet show unexpected day/night differences of ∼10–20 dB for the vertical components, which is significantly greater than the day/ night differences of the horizontal components. However, all the stations show noise levels concordant with microseism peak levels. Power spectral density estimates show moderate noise levels with all stations falling within the high and low bounds of Peterson (1993), except for the southern Nepal stations, which were built above ground and exceed the high-noise model at frequencies >1.0 Hz. The time needed for noise at a site to stabilize was ∼1–5 days after deployment.
Silver nanowire composite window layers for fully solution-deposited thin-film photovoltaic devices.

A silver nanowire-indium tin oxide nanoparticle composite and its successful application to fully solution processed CuInSe(2) solar cells as a window layer are demonstrated, effectively replacing the traditionally sputtered both intrinsic zinc oxide and indium tin oxide layers. The devices utilizing the nanocomposite window layer demonstrate photovoltaic parameters equal to or even beyond those with sputtered intrinsic zinc oxide and indium tin oxide contacts.
MicroRNA-155 Confers Encephalogenic Potential to Th17 Cells by Promoting Effector Gene Expression

Th17 cells are central to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, and recently specific noncoding microRNAs have been shown to regulate their development. However, it remains unclear whether microRNAs are also involved in modulating Th17 cell effector functions. Consequently, we examined the role of miR-155 in differentiated Th17 cells during their induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we found that highly purified, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Ag-specific Th17 cells lacking miR-155 were defective in their capacity to cause experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Gene expression profiling of purified miR-155−/−IL-17F+ Th17 cells identified a subset of effector genes that are dependent on miR-155 for their proper expression through a mechanism involving repression of the transcription factor Ets1. Among the genes reduced in the absence of miR-155 was IL-23R, resulting in miR-155−/− Th17 cells being hyporesponsive to IL-23. Taken together, our study demonstrates a critical role for miR-155 in Th17 cells as they unleash autoimmune inflammation and finds that this occurs through a signaling network involving miR-155, Ets1, and the clinically relevant IL-23–IL-23R pathway.
Seismic sources with observable glut moments of spatial degree two

Let ζΛ and rΛ. be the hypocentral position and time of an extended indigenous seismic source. Backus showed that the force moment tensors of the source, Γ(m+1,n)(ζΛ, rΛ), determine and are determined by the motion which the source produces. For small m + n, only the long-period motion is relevant. The glut moment tensor Λ(m,n) (ζΛ, rΛ.) can be calculated uniquely from γ(m+1,n)(ζΛrΛ) only if m= 0 or m = 1. The tensor G =Λ(2,0)(ζΛ) gives the spatial variance tensor WΛ of the source, and WΛ. roughly describes the size, shape and orientation of the source region. Therefore the failure of the observed F=Γ(3,0)(ζΛ) to determine G uniquely is of seismological interest. In the present paper we show that F determines G uniquely if we assume the source to be a simple straight line source (SSLS) or an ideal fault in an isotropic medium with isotropic prestress (IFIMIP). We give tests on F which determine whether it can come from a SSLS, from an IFIMIP or from a simple plane surface source (SPSS). If we assume the source to be a SPSS then knowing F and the fault plane determines G to within an unknown scalar multiple of a certain tensor tangent to the fault plane. Moreover F determines the fault plane uniquely unless F can come from a SSLS. If it can, then F determines this virtual source line uniquely, and F permits the fault plane to be any plane containing the virtual source line.
Complications After the Fractures of Metacarpal and Phalanges

Fractures of the metacarpals and phalanges represent 40% of all upper extremity fractures. Complications associated with these fractures are also prevalent, and can arise with both conservative and surgical treatment of hand fractures, making treatment of complications an essential part of caring for these injuries. In this article the treatment of complications associated with open fractures and infection are reviewed, in addition to current treatment options for malunion and stiffness.
Bioenergetic effect of liposomal coenzyme Q10 on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

The antioxidant and bioenergetic effects of CoQ10 are well known but its clinical utility is limited by the requirement for enteral administration. A newly developed liposomal CoQ10 (CoQ) is water soluble and capable of intravenous administration. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism by which acute administration CoQ protects myocardium from reperfusion (Rp) injury. Rats were pretreated with CoQ 10 mg/kg i.v. 30 min prior to the experiment. Control rats were pretreated with liposome only. Hearts were excised and subjected to equilibration, 25 min of normothermic ischemia and 40 min of Rp on a Langendorff apparatus. At end Rp, CoQ hearts recovered 74 +/- 5% of their DP vs. 50 +/- 9% in control (p < 0.05). Aerobic efficiency was maintained (0.66 +/- 0.02 vs. control, 0.5 +/- 0.04, p < 0.003) and CoQ hearts lost less CK activity vs. control (p < 0.02). PCr and ATP were higher than control (p < 0.05, 0.02, respectively). Results show that i.v. CoQ improves recovery of function, aerobic efficiency, CK activity, and recovery of PCr and ATP after Rp. This suggests that acute administration of liposomal CoQ improves myocardial tolerance to I/R via its role as an antioxidant as well as improving oxygen utilization and high energy phosphate production.
Images of precipitation signatures from DMSP SSM/T-2, SSM/I, and OLS

Abstract The Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapor Sounder (SSM/T-2) is a five-channel passive microwave instrument aboard recently launched spacecraft of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Rather than address the primary purpose of the SSM/T-2, which is to retrieve atmospheric moisture, this paper examines its ability to sense precipitation as shown by images of a frontal system off the west coast of the United States. Images from the three SSM/T-2 183-GHz channels depict large regions of upper-level water vapor as evidenced by depressed brightness temperatures. Within the moist regions, even lower brightness temperatures at 183 GHz mark embedded precipitation due to volume scattering by precipitation-sized ice particles. Images of the SSM/T-2 channels at 150 and 92 GHz show ice-phase precipitation marked by low brightness temperatures and, over the ocean, low-level clouds and water vapor, both marked by warming with respect to the radiometrically cold background. This paper compares ima...
Study of the Inhibitor of the Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction by Presynaptic Voltage Control

Vyshedskiy, Andrey and Jen-Wei Lin. Study of the inhibitor ofthe crayfish neuromuscular junction by presynaptic voltage control. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 103–115, 1997. The inhibitor of the crayfish op...
Micron-Resolution Velocimetry Techniques

This paper examines various techniques that have been developed to measure flow fields in microfluidic devices with 100 – 102 micron-scale spatial resolution. These techniques include Scalar Image Velocimetry (SIV), Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are presented.
Bioavailability of magnesium in beef cattle fed magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide

Two experiments were conducted to compare Mg bioavailability from Mg oxide (MgO) vs Mg hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) fed in either a completely mixed diet or a mineral supplement. In Exp. 1, these Mg sources were incorporated into completely mixed diets and offered to 15 steers (282 kg) allotted to three treatments: control diet containing .19% Mg, control plus .2% added Mg as MgO, or control plus .2% added Mg as Mg(OH)2. Each calf was fed 5 kg/d of the respective diet during 10-d adjustment and 7-d collection periods. Blood samples were collected on d 1, 3 and 7. Mg supplementation increased (P less than .01) fecal and urinary Mg excretions, whereas apparent Mg absorption (%) and retention were similar (P greater than .10) for all treatments. Plasma Mg concentrations were similar (P less than .10) for calves supplemented with MgO and Mg(OH)2 but were higher (P less than .05) for Mg supplemented than for control calves on d 7. In Exp. 2, these Mg sources were incorporated into mineral supplements and offered free choice to 30 spring-calving beef cows gazing tetany-inducing pastures from March 6 to May 1. Each of three groups of 10 cows was assigned to a 5.7-ha tall fescue pasture and offered either a control supplement or a supplement containing 40% MgO or Mg(OH)2. Blood samplers were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56. Plasma Mg concentrations were not different (P greater than .10) for cows offered MgO and Mg(OH)2 but were higher (P less than .01) for Mg-supplemented than for control cows on d 28, 42 and 56.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low-mass stars and the3He problem

Standard chemical evolution models predict an overabundance of 3He from low-mass stars (in the range of 1E3 with respect to the measured solar and present-day abundances and hence indicate a M _ ) possible problem with the yields of 3He in these stars. Because 3He is one of the nuclei produced in big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), it is noted that Galactic and stellar evolution uncertainties necessarily relax constraints based on 3He. We incorporate into chemical evolution models that include outNow the new yields for 3He of Boothroyd & Malaney (1995), which predict that low-mass stars are net destroyers of 3He. Since these yields do not account for the high 3He/H ratio observed in some planetary nebulae, we also consider the possibility that some fraction of stars in the 1E3 range do not destroy their 3He in M _ their postEmain-sequence phase. We also consider the possibility that the gas expelled by stars in these mass ranges does not mix with the ISM instantaneously thus delaying the 3He produced in these stars, according to standard yields, from reaching the ISM. In general, we -nd that the Galactic D and 3He abundances can be -tted regardless of whether the primordial D/H value is high (2 ) 10~4 )o r low (2.5 ) 10~5). Subject headings: Galaxy: abundances E ISM: abundances E nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances E stars: interiors
Production of analgesia by cholinergic drugs.

SummaryPilocarpine and physostigmine exhibit analgesia in the rat radiant heat tail-flick assay. This analgesia may be blocked by scopolamine or atropine. The mechanism of the analgesia produced by these cholinergic agents is of a central and not peripheral origin. Animals develop tolerance to the analgesic effects of both these drugs with chronic administration. Neostigmine fails to produce measurable analgesia.
ME-20CULTURE OF HUMAN GBM CELLS ON ECM-MIMICKING CHITOSAN-HYALURONIC ACID SCAFFOLDS INCREASES MALIGNANCY AND DRUG RESISTANCE

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and deadly malignant primary brain tumor in humans. Development of therapeutics requires extensive screening; however, many therapeutics evaluated with 2D in vitro cultures does not translate well to similar in vivo studies and suffer from lower efficacy in patients. Replicating the in vivo tumor microenvironment in vitro with three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds offers the possibility of generating more predictive pre-clinical models to enhance GBM treatment efficacy. In this regard, we developed a chitosan and hyaluronic acid (C-HA) polyelectrolyte complex 3D porous scaffold to mimic the physical and chemical structure of the GBM microenvironment. C-HA scaffolds indicated a highly porous network and limited swelling. The scaffolds had a Young's modulus in the wet state that closely matches the stiffness of native brain. FTIR spectra suggested the formation of a C-HA polyelectrolyte complex due to the ionic interaction between the two polymer components. C-HA scaffold cultures promoted tumor spheroid formation and the overexpression of GBM stem cell markers. Additionally, the invasiveness of GBM cells cultured in C-HA scaffolds was significantly enhanced compared to those grown in 2D cultures as determined by the Boyden chamber invasion assay. C-HA scaffold cultures were also more resistant to temozolomide and doxorubicin, which we found was caused by increased expression of the ABCG2 drug efflux transporter. These findings suggest that C-HA scaffolds provide an in vitro platform that better mimics the in vivo GBM tumor microenvironment ECM as compared to 2D surfaces due to their 3D structure and material composition resembling the native ECM. The C-HA scaffolds demonstrated that they are a viable in vitro platform for GBM evaluation, such as screening of cancer therapeutics, and potentially for other biomedical applications.
Development of glutaminase along the villus-crypt axis in the jejunum of rat.

The activity of glutaminase (E.C. 3.5.1.2), the entry enzyme for oxidation of glutamine, was measured in enterocytes isolated along the villus-crypt axis from rat jejunum. Specific activity of glutaminase was 5.05 +/- 0.24 mumol glutamate/mg protein/h in villus cells (fully differentiated cells) and 4.16 +/- 0.30 in the deep crypt (undifferentiated cells). Activity of glutaminase was significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in cells isolated from the villus-crypt junction (differentiating cells) compared to the activity of the enzyme in both the villus and crypt at 6.21 +/- 0.45. A similar pattern of activity of glutaminase was observed when the cells of the villus-crypt gradient were separated by sequential horizontal sectioning with a cryostat. Oxidation of L-[U-14C]glutamine to 14CO2 was also significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in cells isolated from the villus-crypt junction compared to both villus or deep crypt cells. The quantity of glutaminase protein was determined by a dot immunobinding assay using an antibody to purified glutaminase. Immunoreactive glutaminase protein relative to total cellular protein was 6.06 +/- 0.40 cpm/microgram homogenate protein in the villus cells, 3.01 +/- 0.24 (p less than 0.05) at the villus-crypt junction, and 4.49 +/- 0.57 (p less than 0.05) in the deep crypt. Thus, the highest activity of glutaminase present in the villus-crypt junction is the result of an increase in activity of the enzyme rather than an increase in the enzyme protein.
Temperature and composition of carbonate cements record early structural control on cementation in a nascent deformation band fault zone: Moab Fault, Utah, USA

Abstract Fluid-driven cementation and diagenesis within fault zones can influence host rock permeability and rheology, affecting subsequent fluid migration and rock strength. However, there are few constraints on the feedbacks between diagenetic conditions and structural deformation. We investigate the cementation history of a fault-intersection zone on the Moab Fault, a well-studied fault system within the exhumed reservoir rocks of the Paradox Basin, Utah, USA. The fault zone hosts brittle structures recording different stages of deformation, including joints and two types of deformation bands. Using stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen, clumped isotope thermometry, and cathodoluminescence, we identify distinct source fluid compositions for the carbonate cements within the fault damage zone. Each source fluid is associated with different carbonate precipitation temperatures, luminescence characteristics, and styles of structural deformation. Luminescent carbonates appear to be derived from meteoric waters mixing with an organic-rich or magmatic carbon source. These cements have warm precipitation temperatures and are closely associated with jointing, capitalizing on increases in permeability associated with fracturing during faulting and subsequent exhumation. Earlier-formed non-luminescent carbonates have source fluid compositions similar to marine waters, low precipitation temperatures, and are closely associated with deformation bands. The deformation bands formed at shallow depths very early in the burial history, preconditioning the rock for fracturing and associated increases in permeability. Carbonate clumped isotope temperatures allow us to associate structural and diagenetic features with burial history, revealing that structural controls on fluid distribution are established early in the evolution of the host rock and fault zone, before the onset of major displacement.
Electron-irradiation-induced phase segregation in crystalline and amorphous apatite; a TEM study

Single crystals of natural F-rich apatite and 800 keV Kr (super 2+) ion-beam-amorphized apatite were irradiated by an electron beam in a transmission electron microscope over a range of beam energies and beam currents. Irradiation of crystalline apatite using a high current density (16 A/cm 2 ), caused the precipitation of cubic CaO from the crystalline apatite matrix. Using a lower beam current (1.6 A/cm 2 ), the formation of nanometer-sized voids was observed, but CaO did not crystallize even after prolonged irradiation. Amorphous apatite crystallized to a coarse-grained polycrystalline assemblage of apatite crystallites at 85-200 keV. Increasing the beam current through the sample caused the formation of finegrained cubic CaO, and the crystallization of apatite was not observed, even at high doses. In each case, many beam-induced bubbles formed and were typically larger at the edge of the beam. Thermal annealing at 450 degrees C resulted in epitaxial crystallization from the thick portions of the TEM foil and resulted in a single crystal with a high defect density. Electron-beam irradiations at 300 degrees C confirmed that the difference in microstructural evolution as a function of current density is driven by dose-rate effects. In fact, temperature and dose rate are competing effects in the precipitation of CaO.
Effect of full mouth rehabilitation on the amount of Streptococcus mutans in children with Early Childhood Caries.

AIM The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of full mouth rehabilitation on the amount of S. mutans in children with Early Childhood Caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine children between 2 and 5 years old treated under general anaesthesia participated in this study. Prior to treatment two baselines samples were collected, one of dental plaque and one of saliva. In addition, samples were obtained one week post operatively, and then three months later. In each sampling, the amount and the concentration (cfu/ml) of S. mutans were evaluated. RESULTS The findings demonstrate that the operative procedures under general anaesthesia, significantly decrease (p<0.01) the concentration (cfu/ml) and the amount of S. mutans for at least three months. After three months, saliva concentrations and plaque colony numbers of S. mutans increased significantly in relation to one week post-operatively (p<0.01). However, none of the saliva or plaque samples collected three months following treatment reached the pretreatment levels of S. mutans in any of our subjects. CONCLUSIONS The data indicates that full mouth rehabilitation under general anaesthesia produces a statistically significant decrease in S. mutans levels for at least three months.
The U.S. Canada Free Trade Pact: Issues and Perspectives

The United States and Canada, as the largest bilateral business partners in the world, recently signed a historic free trade pact agreement. This paper examines the effects of this pact on U.S. and Canada. The removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers would impact on trade, investment, and competition in the two countries. Canadian companies may benefit from enlarged markets and increased opportunities for gaining economies of scale advantages. The pact could enable U.S. companies to rationalize production, distribution and marketing in North America. U.S. Industries that are import sensitive and/or have significantly different tariffs than Canada would be affected the most.
Evaporative cooling on a grooved surface

The transition point where water begins to accumulate on the surface during spray evaporative cooling was investigated experimentally to determine the temperatures and corresponding heat flux at which this transition occurs. Several pressure ranges were considered including one below the triple point of water. Additionally, the results using a grooved surface were compared to those using a smooth surface. It was determined that a grooved surface has no effect on the heat transfer.
Capturing Transmembrane Dimer Structures with Mobile Membranes: Point Mutations Take Charge

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a family of cell-surface receptors, are key regulators of numerous vital cellular processes. The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) form a subfamily of RTKs that influences cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Similar to other RTKs, FGFRs form dimeric receptors in which the dimer of the transmembrane helical domains propagates the activation signal to the kinase domains inside the cell. Single-pass transmembrane (SPTM) domains of FGFRs are embedded into and intimately interact with the cell membrane. This architecture leads to a significant influence of the cell membrane on signal transduction. Resolved structures of the SPTM dimers are sparse due to difficulty of capturing the fluid SPTM-membrane complex. We employ mobile model membranes with all-atom molecular dynamics methodologies to capture spontaneous SPTM dimers in membrane environment. Extended simulations revealed clear differences in the dimer structures of the wild type and pathological point mutants. The atomistic level of description allowed us to observe the existence of multiple types of stable dimeric structures and the characteristic lipid-peptide interactions that assure them. In particular, the presence of a charged point mutation causes dimers to shift away from the membrane center towards lipid phosphate groups. Geometric characteristics of captured structures correlate well with recent experimental findings. To our knowledge these are the first observations of spontaneous FGFR dimer formation in all-atoms detail at room temperature, which will facilitate our understanding of the mechanism of RTK activation in health and disease.
Restricting retrotransposons: a review

Retrotransposons have generated about 40 % of the human genome. This review examines the strategies the cell has evolved to coexist with these genomic “parasites”, focussing on the non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons of humans and mice. Some of the restriction factors for retrotransposition, including the APOBECs, MOV10, RNASEL, SAMHD1, TREX1, and ZAP, also limit replication of retroviruses, including HIV, and are part of the intrinsic immune system of the cell. Many of these proteins act in the cytoplasm to degrade retroelement RNA or inhibit its translation. Some factors act in the nucleus and involve DNA repair enzymes or epigenetic processes of DNA methylation and histone modification. RISC and piRNA pathway proteins protect the germline. Retrotransposon control is relaxed in some cell types, such as neurons in the brain, stem cells, and in certain types of disease and cancer, with implications for human health and disease. This review also considers potential pitfalls in interpreting retrotransposon-related data, as well as issues to consider for future research.
Determining the effects of environment and atmospheric parameters on PV field performance

The performance losses due to soiling occurring on any photovoltaic (PV) device are caused by a complex mechanism that involves numerous factors and their interactions. For this reason, the present work analyzes the outputs of reference PV cells installed in various locations, with the aim of contributing to the identification of the most important factors influencing the accumulation of dust on a PV surface. Parameters such as the air-quality indexes, the recurrence and the amount of rainfall and the climate zone are investigated and related to the soiling losses of the PV device.
Topotaxy in the anatase-rutile transformation

Lhe anatase-rutile transformation has been shown to result in preferred orientation of the product but with no preservation of the anatase axes of symmetry. It is, therefore, classified as a case of intermediate toootaxv. planes. A cooperative movement of the titanium and oxygen ions is proposed in which the majority of the titanium ions, in order to reach their new sites, break onlv trvo of their original six Ti-O bonds.
NiAl Oxidation Reaction Processes Studied In Situ Using MEMS-Based Closed-Cell Gas Reaction Transmission Electron Microscopy

The nanoscale oxidation mechanisms and kinetics of a model β-NiAl system were investigated using in situ closed-cell gas reaction scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Here, we directly visualize the dynamic structural and chemical changes that occur during high-temperature oxidation at a high spatial resolution of 50.3Ni–49.7Al (at.%) nanoparticles under static air conditions at 730 Torr with heating up to 750 °C at 5 °C/s. A MEMS-based gas cell system, with microfabricated heater devices and a gas delivery system, was used to reveal site-specific oxidation initiation sites. Through time-resolved annular dark-field STEM imaging, we tracked the nanoscale oxidation kinetics of Al2O3. After oxidation at 750 °C, nucleation of voids at the Ni/Al2O3 interface was observed along a NiAl grain boundary, followed by the formation of faceted NiO crystals. Small faceted cubic crystals of NiO were formed at the initial stage of oxidation at high PO2 due to the outward self-diffusion of Ni2+ ions, followed by the formation of a mixture of metastable and stable α-Al2O3 at the oxide/metal interface that is attributed to a PO2 decrease with oxidation time, which agreed with thermodynamic modeling calculations. The results from these in situ oxidation experiments in the β-NiAl system are in agreement with the established oxidation mechanisms; however, with in situ closed-cell gas microscopy it is now feasible to investigate nanoscale oxidation mechanisms and kinetics in real time and at high spatial resolution and can be broadly applied to understand the basic high-temperature oxidation mechanisms for a wide range of alloy compositions.
Primary Epidermoid Cyst of Biliary Duct Presenting as Choledochal Cyst

Introduction: Choledochal cyst is a cystic dilation of biliary tree that can increase the risk of malignancy in bile ducts and gallbladder. They are usually lined by bile duct epithelium, which may undergo intestinal and squamous metaplasia. This is the first report of clinically diagnosed type II choledochal cyst that is …
Corrosion Inhibition: The Investigation of Lanolin on the Corrosion of 1018 Carbon Steel in Commercial Sea Water

There is a high demand for an environmentally friendly and cost-effective corrosion inhibitor. Due to the relatively low viscosity (high capillary action), commercially available polymeric lanolin has been used as a biodegradable corrosion inhibitor in addition to a natural lubricant for marine steel applications. In this work, corrosion of lanolin-saturated 1018 steel was investigated while completely submerged in stagnant seawater under local atmospheric conditions. Samples were immersed in commercial sea salt solution and analyzed at regular intervals. Determination of corrosion rate change, hardness variation and variation in surface microstructure of each specimen was executed on both standard and lanolin-treated 1018 steel specimens. At this point in the work, lanolin-treated 1018 steel samples retain polymeric coat and infer a high resistance to corrosion under long-term submersion. SEM-based analysis has inferred substantial corrosion attack occurring at the standard sample periphery compared to lanolin-treated samples. The addition of lanolin to the surface of the sample displayed a relatively low consistency in corrosion rate calculations compared to the standard sample.
Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract in Children Born Small for Gestational Age.

Introduction Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent several types of malformations with occurrence of 1 in about 500 live births. Objective Small for gestation age (SGA) may influence in prevalence of CAKUT and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. The aim of this study was to elaborate our experiences with detected CAKUT in a cohort of SGA born children in Macedonia. Methods Our cohort consisted of 100 SGA born children investigated for associated congenital anomalies of urinary tract. We analyzed anthropometric and clinical birth data in children with diagnosed CAKUT and estimated the stage and time of onset of CKD by biochemical and imaging technics. Results We revealed 7 (7.0%) SGA born children with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract. Their mean birth weight was very low 1855 gr (-3.93 SDS) and the birth length 45.57cm (-2.17 SDS), as well. A significant growth failure with reduced weight and BMI were noticed at the time of diagnosis. A diagnosis of CAKUT in 4/7 was established in the first few months of life, but in others 3 later in early childhood. Three children revealed with unilateral kidney agenesis, 2 had hypo-dysplastic kidneys and in 2 children was found vesicoureteral reflux. Normal glomerular filtration rate was estimated in 2 children with CAKUT. Stage 2 CKD with GFR 60-90 ml/minx1.73m2 had 3 children, 1 patient was graded in stage 3 and one child needed kidney transplantation, stage 5 CKD. Conclusions We presented 7 SGA born children with CAKUT. An early recognition, assessment and treatment of these anomalies might improve their quality of life.
Added mass effect for tip-over analysis of dry cask composite structures at two different scales

Abstract Safety of dry-cask storage structures, containing spent nuclear fuel, has always been an important concern for the nuclear industry. Detailed investigations of the mechanical response of these important composite structures due to hypothetical accident conditions have been the subject of many studies. In this paper, a tip-over induced impact of a dry cask is numerically analyzed at two different dimensional scales, i.e., a full-scale “prototype” and a 1/3-scale “model cask”. The latter is considered to study the accuracy of similitude laws because most experiments are done at the reduced scale. The added mass technique is applied to the model cask using the dynamic similitude concept in order to represent the behavior of the prototype cask. The effects of this added mass are also studied in terms of damage parameters, time histories of strains, stresses and accelerations to compare these two models. The results demonstrate that the added mass is able to predict the behavior of the model cask compared to that of the full-scale prototype.
Bilateral Brachial Artery Disease Presenting with Features of Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Objective. To present a case of bilateral brachial artery disease presenting with features of Raynaud’s phenomenon which was successfully treated with angioplasty and stenting, together with a review of the relevant literature. Case. A 71-year-old female presented with a one-year history of intermittent pallor of both hands precipitated with cold objects. On examination, bilateral radial pulses were reduced. Prior photos showed pallor of the distal aspect of both palms. Angiogram showed high grade stenosis of the right brachial artery and focal occlusion with likely dissection of the left brachial artery. She underwent angioplasty and stenting for both lesions. She was asymptomatic without further episodes of Raynaud’s phenomenon after five months on dual antiplatelet therapy. Upper-extremity vascular stenosis is uncommon. Structural changes in the vessel wall can cause vasospastic attacks, a mechanism described in secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon. We hypothesize that these attacks may have been precipitated by the bilateral brachial artery disease. Furthermore, resolution of the symptoms after stent further supports our theory. Conclusion. Bilateral brachial artery disease is uncommon. Physicians should consider this in patients presenting with Raynaud’s phenomenon. Brachial artery stenosis and occlusion is a treatable disease with good symptomatic outcomes after angioplasty and stenting.
Opioids and Serotonin Syndrome: An Example with Tramadol

Abstract Opioids have been known to contribute to the development of serotonin syndrome. Tramadol is a phenylpiperidine medication structurally related to codeine and morphine. It has been a popular choice for treating pain because it is safer than other opioids, due to its lower potential for dependence and lower propensity to cause respiratory suppression. As a racemic mixture of (+)-tramadol and (−)-tramadol, the medication's (+) and (−) enantiomers can inhibit serotonin reuptake and (−)-tramadol can promote serotonin release. As with almost all medications with serotonergic activity, tramadol can cause serotonin syndrome. Most cases of serotonin syndrome reported in patients taking tramadol occur when tramadol is combined with other serotonergic agents, especially those that inhibit CYP2D6, including antidepressants. Clinicians should counsel and closely monitor patients when starting or increasing a serotonergic agent alongside tramadol. Combining tramadol with certain serotonergic medications is contraindicated because of the risk of serotonin syndrome.
Correlation between System and Observation Errors in Data Assimilation

AbstractAccurate knowledge of two types of noise, system and observational, is an important aspect of Bayesian filtering methodology. Traditionally, this knowledge is reflected in individual covari...
Two-channel model for ultralow thermal conductivity of crystalline Tl3VSe4.

Solids with ultralow thermal conductivity are of great interest as thermal barrier coatings for insulation or thermoelectrics for energy conversion. However, the theoretical limits of lattice thermal conductivity (κ) are unclear. In typical crystals a phonon picture is valid, whereas lowest κ values occur in highly disordered materials where this picture fails and heat is supposedly carried by random walk among uncorrelated oscillators. Here we identify a simple crystal, Tl 3 VSe 4 , with a calculated phonon κ [0.16 Watts per meter-Kelvin (W/m-K)] one-half that of our measured κ (0.30 W/m-K) at 300 K, approaching disorder κ values, although Raman spectra, specific heat, and temperature dependence of κ reveal typical phonon characteristics. Adding a transport component based on uncorrelated oscillators explains the measured κ and suggests that a two-channel model is necessary for crystals with ultralow κ.
Factors of corporate culture and strategy of human resources management in grocery company

The article deals with analysis of corporate culture and its profiting as one of implements strategy human resources management in chosen grocery company. The aim of research was to specify definite factors of corporate culture, typology of corporate culture connected to strategy of human resources management. Strong corporate culture can under certain circumstances compensate corporate strategy, has positive influence to efficiency of company and supports employees’ motivation.
Notes on Theory in Environment and Behavior Research

The need for theory is a recurring theme in the environment—behavior—design literature. The reason for this need is clear. It is through theories that we make order out of a range of phenomena that otherwise would be unconnected and unrelated. Theories, in other words, make intelligible a domain of phenomena.
Specific Learning Disabilities and Attention-Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

The learning disabilities are developmentally determined delays in children’s acquisition of certain mental skills. They are selective—only a subset of mental skills is insufficiently developed; by definition, mental skills are relevant to the educational process. Children vary in the degree to which they are affected along a continuum originating within the normal range. The mental operations affected differ, and the pathogenesis of the disorder is diverse (genetic flaw, genetic diversity, early brain damage). Learning-disabled children are not consistently characterized by evidence of structural brain disorder, metabolic abnormality, or associated neurological signs. Although certain clinical appearances accompany learning disabilities with more than chance frequency, none appears to be of diagnostic use. Diagnosis is made on the basis of the characteristics of the behavioral disorder alone.2
Children's Weight Gain and Cardiovascular Fitness Loss over the Summer

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of summer breaks on the body composition and cardiovascular fitness of elementary school children who participated in a multi-year school-based physical activity intervention. Participants were 404 children who had their height and weight measured and completed the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) during physical education classes at the beginning and end of the school year for three consecutive years. To examine the effects of time on health-related fitness data, general linear mixed effects models were employed. The results indicate that there was a trend toward an increase in body mass index (BMI) after the summer of 2015 (p = 0.958), and a significant increase in BMI after the summer of 2016 compared to time point 1 (p < 0.001). For PACER laps, there were trends toward decreases in PACER laps after the summers of 2015 (p = 0.515) and 2016 (p = 0.073). Summer breaks tended to attenuate the BMI and PACER lap improvements that were observed during the intervention. While school-based physical activity programming has had some successes in improving health-related fitness markers, the loss of these improvements over the summer is of concern to both practitioners and researchers. It is clear that additional efforts are needed to limit obesogenic behaviors during the summer months.
Dyadic Green functions for planar uniaxial multilayers with multiple anisotropic conductive sheets at the interfaces

Electromagnetic Dyadic Green functions are developed for planar uniaxial multilayer media comprising multiple transversely anisotropic conductive sheets, such as graphene under magnetic bias, at the interfaces. The formulation is based on a transmission-line network analog of the stratified medium, and it employs a numerically stable reflection-transmission algorithm. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the application of the theory.
Quest for Tangible Biomarkers for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Identification of key molecular networks involved in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) growth and metastasis will increase our mechanistic understanding of this disease and pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. The study by Khawaled and colleagues points to a direct antimetastatic function of WW domain–containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) in TNBC and identifies the Myc/miR-146a/fibronectin axis as a molecular mediator of the tumor-suppressive function of WWOX. This information can potentially be used to identify actionable nodes for targeting TNBC, a breast cancer subtype otherwise characterized by the absence of markers. See related article by Khawaled et al., p. 1784
Novel High-speed Linear GaN Technology with High Efficiency

We report the first demonstration of graded-channel GaN HEMTs operating in the millimeter-wave frequency range. At 30 GHz, these graded-channel GaN HEMTs demonstrated excellent PAE of 65% at an associated power density of 3 W/mm. The measured PAE and output power density show great improvement over other mm-wave T-gated AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices. Under two-tone linearity characterization at 30 GHz, PAE of about 50% was demonstrated with C/IM3 of 30 dBc, which is very promising for mm-wave linear and efficient amplifiers without digital pre-distortion.
Methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion.

Objectives This study examined the effectiveness of an abortion by methotrexate and misoprostol, including side effects, subjects' satisfaction, and optimal treatment strategies. Methods The study evaluated a prospective ongoing trial of women with an 8-week gestation or less wanting an abortion. Subjects received intramuscular methotrexate (50 mg per m2 of body surface area) on day 1. Subjects self-administered misoprostol 800 micrograms orally or as a vaginal suppository or vaginal tablets either on day 3 to 4 or day 5 to 7. Repeat misoprostol 800 micrograms doses were used vaginally if there was no significant bleeding and the gestation was less than 12 weeks. Subjects with continuing pregnancies had a surgical abortion. Subjects completed a daily symptom log and a satisfaction questionnaire. A successful medical abortion was defined by vaginal bleeding without surgical intervention and either a negative urine pregnancy test or a negative transvaginal ultrasound. Results Of the 282 subjects, 274 (97%) had a medical abortion. Eight (3%) subjects required surgical intervention--four for continued pregnancies and four for excessive bleeding. One hundred and sixty-two (57%) subjects required only one dose of misoprostol and started bleeding, on average, 6.2 hours later. One hundred and twelve subjects (40%) required an average of 2.5 misoprostol doses and started bleeding, on average, 12.4 days after initial methotrexate injection. Misoprostol was more effective vaginally than orally. Gastrointestinal side effects were common, mild, and brief. Eighty-eight percent of the subjects agreed that the procedure went well. Subjects monitored with ultrasound completed the study sooner than those followed by beta-hCG levels. Conclusion Methotrexate and misoprostol were effective in inducing an abortion up to 8 weeks' gestation. The procedure is a promising alternative to surgical abortion.
Using the Feedback Band Device to Control Rocking Behavior

This case study describes a treatment instrument methodology to control the rocking and/or head movement of a ten-year-old visually impaired child. The theoretical orientation for the treatment is ...
The Digital Haunted House

This chapter moves through the haunted spaces of three internet horror stories, “My dead girlfriend keeps messaging me on Facebook”, “Dear David”, and “Dionaea House”, exploring how their use of familiarity, reader participation, and the interplay between hoax and authenticity creates a peculiarly immediate and immersive gothic experience for the reader. Readers who engage with these haunted and haunting spaces find themselves without a map, with no wholly reliable way of telling what is real and what is not, and asking, like any gothic protagonist: what is in my home with me? Is it real? Will it hurt me?
Anomaly detection using 1D convolutional neural networks for surface enhanced raman scattering

An accurate supervised classification technique requires a large training database with an equal number of samples in each category. However, in practice, data class imbalance is naturally inherent in detection and identification tasks. In an extreme case, one category of data has a majority of training samples (positive class), causing over-classifying. In these circumstances, the negative classes are either absent, poorly sampled or not well defined. Deep one-class classifiers are artificial neural networks developed to overfit the positive class samples. This unique situation constrains the network model to be trained data features just with the knowledge of the positive class. One well-known application of one-class classifiers is for anomaly detection problem, where the model stands out outliers. In this study, we proposed using a one-dimensional CNN model for anomaly detection of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra applicable for Portable Raman Spectrometer in field investigations.
Management of Anticoagulation and Colonoscopy

Patients undergoing colonoscopy frequently require antithrombotic therapy for underlying cardiovascular disease. Antithrombotic therapy increases the risk of bleeding during or after colonoscopy, particularly when more invasive procedures are required. However, the risk of thrombosis—with possibly devastating consequences—is increased if antithrombotic agents are held. This review will highlight existing data on the balance of procedural and patient risk factors to guide endoscopists on the management of periprocedural antithrombotic therapy. Diagnostic colonoscopy has long been established to be low risk for hemorrhage even in patients on antithrombotic therapy, while colonoscopy with interventions—including polypectomy—is viewed as high risk requiring interruption of antithrombotic therapy when possible. Recent data, however, has challenged these practices and suggests that a more nuanced perspective may be necessary. For example, a recent randomly controlled trial found no difference in immediate or delayed hemorrhage between patients on dual antiplatelet therapy versus aspirin and placebo after polypectomy. Further, increasing data are emerging to suggest that small polypectomy (< 1 cm) is safe without interruption of anticoagulation with the use of cold snare polypectomy. In patients undergoing colonoscopy, the risk of hemorrhage must be weighed against the risk of thrombosis in patients with cardiovascular disease on antithrombotic agents. In general, low-risk procedures do not require interruption of antithrombotic agents, while high-risk procedures in low-risk patients require holding antithrombotic therapy. High-risk procedures in high-risk patients require individualized decision-making with increasing data helping to support which procedures can safely be performed.
The ABA Section on Legal Education Revisions of the Law Library Standards: What Does It All Mean?

The ABA Council on Legal Education approved for Notice and Comment proposed changes that impact the law library: all of Chapter 6 (Library and Information Resources); Standard 405(c) in Chapter 4 (The Faculty) on security of position for clinical faculty members as they relate to Standard 603(d); specific standards in Chapter 7 (Facilities, Equipment, and Technology) - Standard 702, Law Library, Standard 703, Research and Study Space; Standard 704 Technological Capacity; Standard 506 Consumer Information as it relates to the law library in Chapter 5 (Admissions and Student Services); and Standard 106(2) Separate Locations and Branch Campuses.
Nonparametric Testing under Randomized Sketching.

A common challenge in nonparametric inference is its high computational complexity when data volume is large. In this paper, we develop computationally efficient nonparametric testing by employing a random projection strategy. In the specific kernel ridge regression setup, a simple distance-based test statistic is proposed. Notably, we derive the minimum number of random projections that is sufficient for achieving testing optimality in terms of the minimax rate. An adaptive testing procedure is further established without prior knowledge of regularity. One technical contribution is to establish upper bounds for a range of tail sums of empirical kernel eigenvalues. Simulations and real data analysis are conducted to support our theory.