cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hamiltonian symmetries in auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo calculations for electronic structure

We describe how to incorporate symmetries of the Hamiltonian into auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) calculations. Focusing on the case of Abelian symmetries, we show that the computational cost of most steps of an AFQMC calculation is reduced by N^(-1)_k, where N_k is the number of irreducible representations of the symmetry group. We apply the formalism to a molecular system as well as to several crystalline solids. In the latter case, the lattice translational group provides increasing savings as the number of k points is increased, which is important in enabling calculations that approach the thermodynamic limit. The extension to non-Abelian symmetries is briefly discussed.
Telling the story of life in the cosmos: the LUVOIR telescope concepts

The Large UV/Optical/Infrared (LUVOIR) Surveyor is a concept for a powerful general-purpose observatory spanning the far-UV to the near-infrared. Two variants are being studied: LUVOIR-A (15-m diameter primary mirror) and LUVOIR-B (8-m mirror). These powerful and flexible observatories will enable revolutionary new studies in astrophysics and planetary science. LUVOIR is being designed to take the next great leap in exoplanet studies, with direct images and spectra of rocky Earthsized exoplanets in the habitable zones of other stars. These data will allow a wide range of investigations, including analysis of terrestrial planet atmospheres, discovery of potentially habitable exoplanets, and searches for evidence of global biospheres. A key goal for LUVOIR is to conduct these studies on a set of candidate habitable exoplanets large enough to constrain the frequency of habitable conditions (dozens of rocky planets orbiting solar-type stars). LUVOIR will also provide revolutionary advances in a broad range of astrophysics — from the epoch of reionization, through galaxy formation and evolution, to star and planet formation. The observatory could also enable powerful remote sensing observations of Solar System bodies. The LUVOIR-A architecture offers up to 25 km resolution at Jupiter, enabling sensitive, high resolution observations over long time baselines and a broad wavelength range. Finally, perhaps LUVOIR's most important scientific capability is its ability to address not only the science questions of today, but those of the 2040s and beyond that we have not yet thought to ask.
Analysis of power and efficiency of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters through an impedance plot

Through an impedance plot obtained from the equivalent circuit modeling of linear energy harvesters, this article provides explanations of their system behaviors such as power and efficiency. The i...
APPENDIX 3H Kinetic Assay Methods

The purpose of this appendix is to provide a brief review of issues important in the design of initial-rate assay methods.
Multicenter Assessment of Radiation Exposure during Pediatric Cardiac Catheterizations Using a Novel Imaging System

Objectives. To quantify radiation exposure during pediatric cardiac catheterizations performed by multiple operators on a new imaging platform, the Artis Q.zen (Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany), and to compare these data to contemporary benchmark values. Background. The Artis Q.zen has been shown to achieve significant radiation reduction during select types of pediatric cardiac catheterizations in small single-center studies. No large multicenter study exists quantifying patient dose exposure for a broad spectrum of procedures. Methods. Retrospective collection of Air Kerma (AK) and dose area product (DAP) for all pediatric cardiac catheterizations performed on this new imaging platform at four institutions over a two-year time period. Results. A total of 1,127 pediatric cardiac catheterizations were analyzed. Compared to dose data from earlier generation Artis Zee imaging systems, this study demonstrates 70–80% dose reduction (AK and DAP) for similar patient and procedure types. Compared to contemporary benchmark data for common interventional procedures, this study demonstrates an average percent reduction in AK and DAP from the lowest dose saving per intervention of 39% for AK and 27% for DAP for transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation up to 77% reduction in AK and 70% reduction in DAP for atrial septal defect closure. Conclusion. Use of next-generation imaging platforms for pediatric cardiac catheterizations can substantially decrease patient radiation exposure. This multicenter study defines new low-dose radiation measures achievable on a novel imaging system.
Atypical cortical activation during risky decision making in disruptive behavior disordered youths with histories of suicidal ideation

Abstract Background Suicidality is a leading cause of death among adolescents. In addition to other psychiatric conditions, youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) are at heightened risk for suicide. Decision-making deficits are a hallmark symptom of ADHD and DBDs and are also implicated in suicidal behavior. We examined behavioral and neural differences in decision making among youths with ADHD and DBDs with (SI+) and without (SI−) histories of suicidal ideation. Methods The Balloon Analog Risk Task, a risky decision-making task, was completed by 57 youths with ADHD and DBDs (38% SI+) during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Mean stop wager (mean wager at which youths bank money) was the primary measure of risk taking. We conducted whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses in the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during choice (win vs. inflate) and outcome (inflate vs. explode) contrasts using parametric modulators accounting for probability of balloon explosion. Results There were no differences between SI+ and SI− youths in Balloon Analog Risk Task performance. SI+ youths showed decreasing activation in the right medial frontal gyrus when choosing inflate as explosion probability increased compared with SI− youths. During explosions, SI− youths showed increasing activation in the left OFC as explosions became more likely. SI+ showed increasing left medial OFC activity in response to inflations as explosion probability increased. Conclusions SI+ youths may show heightened sensitivity to immediate reward and decreased sensitivity to potential loss as evidenced by medial frontal gyrus activity. OFC findings suggest that SI+ youths may be drawn to reward even when there is high probability of loss.
Novel aspects of enteric serotonergic signaling in health and brain-gut disease.

Gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities are common in individuals with mood and behavioral dysfunction. Similarly, patients with GI problems more commonly suffer from co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses. A...
Towards a portable hierarchical view of distributed shared memory systems: challenges and solutions

An ever-growing diversity in the architecture of modern super-computers has led to challenges in developing scientific software. Utilizing heterogeneous and disruptive architectures (e.g., off-chip and, in the near future, on-chip accelerators) has increased the software complexity and worsened its maintainability. To that end, we need a productive software ecosystem that improves the usability and portability of applications for such systems while allowing every parallelism opportunity to be exploited. In this paper, we outline several challenges that we encountered in the implementation of Gecko, a hierarchical model for distributed shared memory architectures, using a directive-based programming model, and discuss our solutions. Such challenges include: 1) inferred kernel execution with respect to the data placement, 2) workload distribution, 3) hierarchy maintenance, and 4) memory management. We performed the experimental evaluation of our implementation by using the Stream and Rodinia benchmarks. These benchmarks represent several major scientific software applications commonly used by the domain scientists. Our results reveal how the Stream benchmark reaches a sustainable bandwidth of 80 GB/s and 1.8 TB/s for single Intel Xeon Processor and four NVIDIA V100 GPUs, respectively. Additionally, the srad_v2 in the Rodinia benchmark reaches the 88% speedup efficiency while using four GPUs.
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver tumor after hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend in the incidence and mortality rate of ICC worldwide. In general, the outcome of patients with ICC is dismal, mainly due to late diagnosis and lack of effective treatment options. Detection of the tumor at early stages may make surgical resection, as the only potentially curative treatment, more feasible. Identifying ICC-specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has been a focus of interest among many investigators. Unfortunately, despite recent developments in imaging modalities and laboratory tests, the diagnosis of ICC remains challenging and the majority of patients are not amenable to surgical resection at the time of presentation. Herein, we provide an overview of the current modalities used in the diagnosis of ICC.
Counter-intervention in Chinese naval strategy

The prospect of U.S. military involvement in a regional war looms large in Chinese naval strategy. This article examines the Chinese Navy’s evolving role in countering U.S. military intervention in...
When the Path to Parenthood Does Not Go as Planned: Genetic Counseling for Infertility and Miscarriage

The understanding of genetic contributions to miscarriage and infertility have benefited from advancements in genetic technologies, such as chromosomal microarray and next generation sequencing. Even with these modern tools, there continue to be disparities in management and counseling. This review explores recent genetic advances in reproductive health and provides evidence that genetic counseling by a genetic counselor empowers individuals to make appropriate reproductive decisions based upon their experience and values. The standard of care for products of conception testing is now chromosomal microarray. Genetic testing should be considered in cases of low sperm count, premature ovarian failure, and in context of family history. Expanded reproductive options, including preimplantation genetic testing, may increase the chances of live birth in cases of recurrent miscarriage, age-related infertility, and previous failed IVF cycles. Modern genetic tools may delineate underlying causes of infertility or miscarriage. In addition to processing the complex emotions related to infertility and miscarriage, patients also value understanding the genetic contributions when making informed decisions about reproductive health.
Clinical activity of systemic VSV-IFNβ-NIS oncolytic virotherapy in patients with relapsed refractory T-cell lymphoma.

2500Background: Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel immunomodulatory therapeutic approach for relapsed refractory hematologic malignancies. The Indiana strain of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus was enginee...
Surgical Pathology Reporting of Renal Cell Carcinomas

Given the importance of accurate surgical pathology reporting for kidney tumors, those factors necessary for a complete report (beyond grade, stage, and tumor type, which are treated elsewhere) are addressed in this chapter, with a survey of the data that support their inclusion.
Truth and Trustworthiness

In the course of ordinary communication, people transmit messages (i.e., say things) which may involve the application a truth predicate. The receiver of such a message needs to have a method which allows the extraction of non-truth-theoretic information from uses of the truth predicate; such a method can be modeled with an axiomatic system. On close examination, the choice of which axiomatic system to employ can be seen to depend on whether or not the source of the message is considered trustworthy—that is, whether the information in the message can simply be accepted, or if it must first be examined for consistency with previously known information and, on the basis of that determination, possibly be rejected. This paper explores some of the consequences involved in this framework.
P05 A Comprehensive Plan for Safe and Sustainable Bicycling in Baltimore, Maryland

Abstract Background Purpose: This paper summarizes the results of a policy analysis discussing the benefits for Baltimore, Maryland (USA), in adopting and implementing a comprehensive bike policy. A comprehensive bike policy includes well-labeled protected bikes lanes and the adoption of a citywide bikeshare program, among other measures. Baltimore is poised to benefit from a comprehensive bike policy because of its age and socioeconomic makeup, medium land area, and population density. Experiences in other progressive biking cities throughout North America have demonstrated how the full integration of bicycles in transit and transportation strategies positively impact the health of the local population, the economy, and the environment. Methods Method: The research consisted of a systematic comparison of the health, environmental, and economic impacts associated with comprehensive biking policies in a sample of US cities with comparable demographics as Baltimore. Results Relevance: Despite a few attempts, Baltimore has yet to successfully create a comprehensive biking framework to integrate biking into the culture of the city and its transportation policy. Three sectors in particular would benefit from a new initiative. Health - Currently, Baltimore ranks 43rd out of 50 large US cities in meeting the recommended amount of daily activity, with only 46.1% of the population achieving the suggested 150 min a week of moderate physical activity. In addition, currently 66.4% of the Baltimore population is obese or overweight, and this number is on the rise. Economic - Baltimore׳s median annual income is $39,561, 6th lowest in the USA, with 34% of the population living below the poverty line. Although individuals with higher income tend to be overrepresented in bikeshare use, individuals with income of $25,000 or less are more likely to bike in general. Environmental - There is a direct threat to Baltimore and Maryland if action isn׳t taken to reduce emissions and prevent climate change. The rise in sea level, increased extreme weather events, and changes in the complex ecosystem all pose serious threats to a coastal city with a highly vulnerable population. Conclusions The analysis establishes that if Baltimore were to implement protected bike lanes in tandem with a bikeshare program, it would see an increase in bike use, population health, and city morale, as well as a decrease in traffic congestion and carbon emissions. Depending on the extent of adoption, Baltimore will see more or less important improvements in the aforementioned essential areas of responsibility. A summary plan for implantation is suggested in conclusion.
The early botanical medical movement as a reflection of life, liberty, and literacy in Jacksonian America.

This paper describes a popular, grassroots health crusade initiated by Samuel Thomson (1769–1843) in the early decades of the nineteenth century and the ways the Thomsonians exemplified the inherent contradictions within the larger context of their own sociopolitical environment. Premised upon a unique brand of frontier egalitarianism exemplified in the Tennessee war-hero Andrew Jackson (1767–1845), the age that bore Jackson's name was ostensibly anti-intellectual, venerating “intuitive wisdom” and “common sense” over book learning and formal education. Likewise, the Thomsonian movement eschewed schooling and science for an empirical embrace of nature's apothecary, a populist rhetoric that belied its own complex and extensive infrastructure of polemical literature. Thus, Thomsonians, in fact, relied upon a literate public to explain and disseminate their system of healing. This paper contributes to the historiography of literacy in the United States that goes beyond typical census-data, probate-record, or will-signature analyses to look at how a popular medical cult was both heir to and promoter of a functionally literate populace.
Morphological connected filters and intra-region smoothing for image segmentation

Morphological connected filters are operators that simplify an input image while preserving the shapes of the features it contains. A theoretical study has been performed on morphological connected filters and, in particular, on the subclass consisting of filters by reconstruction. A new connected filter has been presented. This new filter (and its dual) forms a novel family of morphological filters (the other families are openings and closings--connected or not--and their sequentially alternating compositions). Certain commutation properties of filters by reconstruction have been presented. The thesis has also approached the theoretical treatment of morphological connected filtering solely through an adjacency requirement. Morphological connected filters can be successfully applied to the image segmentation problem. The flat zone properties of connected filters have been used (a) to provide region markers for watershed methods, or (b) to provide a new flat zone approach that avoids the loss of resolution inherent in region marker methods. Another class of methods that perform a low-level simplification of an image are intra-region smoothing approaches. This thesis has focused on an adaptive smoothing implementation of an anisotropic diffusion process. This approach is limited due mainly to the unequal strength of an image edge along its path. A related technique that solves the main limitations of the adaptive smoothing approach has been presented.
'Abatement Means What it Says' : The Quiet Recasting of Abatement

This paper argues that the modern practice of abatement ab initio, in which courts erase the conviction of one who dies pending a first appeal, lacks the firm historical basis that is often claimed for it by those who see in it an ancient recognition of the right to one appeal. Examining early cases of abatement, the author finds that they lacked any connection to the protection of a supposed appellate right, and simply reflected the brute fact that a dead person cannot be punished. Accordingly, traditional abatement neither exonerated the defendant, nor closed off avenues of restitution for the victims.
Energetic neutral atom imaging at Jupiter and Saturn; results from the Cassini/MIMI instrument

Summary form only given. Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENA) are emitted from any magnetized, energetic plasma that meets the criteria of 1) including singling ionized ions, and 2) co-mingling with a neutral gas suitable for charge exchange neutralization of the energetic ions. These criteria are met in many laboratory and space plasmas, including the trapped ion populations at Earth, Jupiter and Saturn. This emission has been exploited for the last three years to provide global images of the Earth storm-time ring current (Mitchell et al., 2000). The Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument (MIMI) aboard the Cassini spacecraft includes an Ion and Neutral Camera (INCA); designed to provide global images of the /spl sim/10 to 150 keV/nucleon ENA emitting ion plasma trapped in Saturn's magnetosphere. In addition, as the Cassini trajectory approached to within 140 R/sub J/ of Jupiter at the end of 2000, the MIMI INCA imager acquired low resolution ENA images of the Jovian inner magnetosphere. Cassini is scheduled for its Saturn orbit insertion burn on July 1, 2004; however, it is anticipated that INCA will return many images of the Saturnian magnetosphere during Cassini's approach to the planet. This paper present MIMI/INCA ENA images of both Jupiter and Saturn, discuss some of the scientific results from analysis of the Jupiter images, and possibly some early interpretation of the Saturn approach images.
Enabling Environment Design via Active Indirect Elicitation

Many situations arise in which an interested party wishes to affect the decisions of an agent; e.g., a teacher that seeks to promote particular study habits, a Web 2.0 site that seeks to encourage users to contribute content, or an online retailer that seeks to encourage consumers to write reviews. In the problem of environment design, one assumes an interested party who is able to alter limited aspects of the environment for the purpose of promoting desirable behaviors. A critical aspect of environment design is understanding preferences, but by assumption direct queries are unavailable. We work in the inverse reinforcement learning framework, adopting here the idea of active indirect preference elicitation to learn the reward function of the agent by observing behavior in response to incentives. We show that the process is convergent and obtain desirable bounds on the number of elicitation rounds. We briefly discuss generalizations of the elicitation method to other forms of environment design, e.g., modifying the state space, transition model, and available actions.
MPA: Medroxy-Progesterone Acetate Contributes to Much Poor Advice for Women

The article in this issue by Irwin and colleagues from the laboratory of Roberta Diaz Brinton extends a multipart investigation on the differences in the neural actions of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) vs. progesterone (P4, pregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione). This issue became critically important after the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial. This trial, which used conjugated equine estrogens alone (PremarinTR) or in conjunction with MPA to reduce the uterotrophic effect of equine estrogens (PremproTR), has turned women's health at menopause into a minefield. It is old news, but the combined hormone arm was ended prematurely because of increased incidence of breast cancer and the 11-year follow-up study found increased mortality attributable to breast cancer (1). Increased risk of dementia, stroke, and cognitive decline was also present in both arms relative to placebo in women aged 65 yr and older (2). While the WHI trial made a valuable contribution in revealing the risks associated with conjugated equine estrogens plus MPA treatment in postmenopausal women, it unfortunately generated considerable controversy in the field because it was interpreted as an indictment of postmenopausal hormone replacement, when in fact, it did not study hormone replacement at all: that would have required use of the natural hormones, estradiol and progesterone. The actions of the natural hormones are significantly different from those of Premarin and MPA. The Irwin et al. (3) study focuses on the progestin problem.
The pathogenic role of the inflammasome in neurodegenerative diseases

The inflammasome is a large macromolecular complex that contains multiple copies of a receptor or sensor of pathogen-derived or damage-derived molecular patterns, pro-caspase-1, and an adaptor called ASC (apoptotic speck containing protein with a CARD), which results in caspase-1 maturation. Caspase-1 then mediates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. These cytokines play critical roles in mediating immune responses during inflammation and innate immunity. Broader studies of the inflammasome over the years have implicated their roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Recently, studies have shown that the inflammasome modulates neuroinflammatory cells and the initial stages of neuroinflammation. A secondary cascade of events associated with neuroinflammation (such as oxidative stress) has been shown to activate the inflammasome, making the inflammasome a promising therapeutic target in the modulation of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the pathogenic role that inflammasomes play in neurologic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis. We here review the role of the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is initiated by physical force exerted to head, resulting in neuronal injury and death. Primary insult is followed by a secondary cascade of events following neuroinflammation such as mitochondrial dysfunction, production of reactive oxygen species, potassium effluxes, and release of circulating DNA. These events can potentially trigger the activation of NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2 during TBI but have yet to be confirmed (dashed lines). NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2 associate with the adaptor protein ASC, which initiates the cleavage of pro-caspase-1 to the mature form of caspase-1 which cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18.
The Effects of Speed Uncertainty on a Separation Assurance Algorithm

Trajectory prediction is central to separation assurance, because it is necessary to accurately predict where an aircraft will be in the future to avoid losses of separation. In any system in the field there will always be uncertainty associated with trajectory prediction. This uncertainty is a product of many different sources including wind prediction errors, pilot intent, surveillance errors, navigation errors and aircraft weight. The purpose of this study is to parametrically analyze the effects of aircraft speed errors on conflict detection and to analyze the performance of a conflict resolution algorithm when these speed errors are present. Results show that a speed error of +/- 10% of the cruise speed can result in about 30% of the conflicts not being detected ten minutes before the loss of separation. It can also result in 50% more resolutions being performed to maintain separation.
P.4.9 Variable clinical and histological features in severe congenital RYR1 associated myopathy

RYR1 associated myopathy classically manifests as central core disease with a static to slowly progressive course beginning with congenital hypotonia. Recently the genetic, clinical and histological spectrum has expanded considerably. We report on a series of 11 patients with early neonatal onset RYR1 associated myopathy due to recessive and dominant mutations representing the severe end of the clinical spectrum. Eleven patients with severe neonatal onset RYR1 associated myopathy confirmed by genetic testing were ascertained. Clinical features associated with the severe neonatal presentation of RYR1 associated myopathy included decreased fetal movement, hypotonia, poor feeding, respiratory involvement, arthrogryposis, ophthalmoplegia in three patients, and femur fractures or hip dislocation at birth. Four patients had dominant RYR1 mutations, and seven had recessive RYR1 mutations. One patient had a cleft palate, and another a congenital rigid spine phenotype – findings not previously described in the literature in patients with early onset RYR1 mutations. Muscle biopsy was performed in all patients at ages ranging from 3 weeks of life to 4 years old. Marked type I fiber predominance approaching type I uniformity was common. All dominant cases had cores while recessive cases had extremely diverse pathology including central cores, multi minicores, more subtle unevenness or normal staining on NADH. Centralized nuclei, extensive fatty and connective tissue infiltration, extremely small fibers in the absence of active degeneration and regeneration were also seen as part of this spectrum. This series confirms and expands the clinical and histological variability associated with severe congenital RYR1 associated myopathy. Both dominant and recessive mutations of the RYR1 gene can result in a severe neonatal onset phenotype, but more clinical and histological heterogeneity has been seen in those with recessive RYR1 gene mutations. The absence of cores should not preclude the consideration of RYR1 associated myopathy.
Validity of the dwba for inelastic scattering from nuclei

Coupling between ground and excited states was suggested to limit the usefulness of the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) to a rather narrow limit of deformations. Comparison of calculations for the scattering of 10 to 22- Mev protons by Fe/sup 56/ as made with the DWBA and with coupled Schroedinger equations show that the DWBA has a considerably wider range of validity. (D.C.W.)
Lightning Performance of Vertical Antenna Ground Systems

Most vertical antennas used in the AM standard broadcast band in the United States have extensive radial ground systems beneath them which serve as image planes. These same image planes can function as excellent ground systems for dissipating lightning discharges. When subjected to a lightning stroke, the "surge impedance" of a ground system is almost always lower than its measured resistance since the soil adjacent to the eldctrode may break down under the stress caused by intense electric fields. An equation is given for calculating the resistance of a counterpoise, and an HP-29C calculator program is included. Methods and instrumentation for measuring soil resistivity and ground-system resistance are also described.
Analyticity and Gevrey class regularity for a Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation in space dimension two☆

We consider here solutions to a Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation in space dimension two. It is shown that these solutions are analytic in time with values in a Gevrey class of functions.
On the activation of human and rat fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.

Abstract 1. 1. Human and rat liver Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase have low specific activities at physiological pHs. 2. 2. Cysteine, threonine, serine and glycine activate the enzyme present in cytosols. A small amount (5%) of the enzyme is bound to microsomes. This fraction does not require any activator for maximal activity. 3. 3. A factor that is capable of activating the cytosol enzyme has been isolated and partially purified from liver microsomes and co-elutes with the microsomal-bound enzyme. A similar factor has been isolated from the cytosol fraction of 2 hepatomas.
When will electrolytic hydrogen become competitive

Abstract The potential role of electrolytic hydrogen in Canada is assessed for the period 1980–2025 for large-scale uses only. For such uses, the hydrogen will be derived from natural gas, coal or electrolysis of water in Canada during the period of interest. Cost estimates of electrolytic hydrogen are obtained from a parametric equation. Values for Canada's unique unipolar water electrolysis technologies are compared with those for bipolar electrolysers. Both by-products of electrolytic hydrogen production, namely heavy water and oxygen, are evaluated. Cost projections for hydrogen derived from natural gas and coal, and for electrolytic hydrogen are based on simple but realistic assumptions. All cost data are given in constant 1980 Canadian dollars. Electrolytic hydrogen, based on non-fossil primary energy sources, is also considered as another “liquid fuel option” for Canada along with the alcohols. The market potential for hydrogen in general is assessed based on a reference and a higher use scenario for both the traditional and potential uses of hydrogen. From cost estimates and market assessments the potential demand for electrolytic hydrogen is estimated for the period in question. Results show that the market potential for electrolytic hydrogen will be large by the year 2025.
TiO2 nanoparticle-induced ROS correlates with modulated immune cell function

Design of non-toxic nanoparticles will be greatly facilitated by understanding the nanoparticle-cell interaction mechanism on a cell function level. Mast cells are important cells for the immune system’s first line of defense, and we can utilize their exocytotic behavior as a model cellular function as it is a conserved process across cell types and species. Perturbations in exocytosis can also have implications for whole organism health. One proposed mode of toxicity is nanoparticle-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly for titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Herein, we have correlated changes in ROS with the perturbation of the critical cell function of exocytosis, using UV light to induce greater levels of ROS in TiO2 exposed cells. The primary culture mouse peritoneal mast cells (MPMCs) were exposed to varying concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles for 24 h. ROS content was determined using 2,7-dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). Cellular viability was determined with the MTT and Trypan blue assays, and exocytosis was measured by the analytical electrochemistry technique of carbon-fiber microelectrode amperometry. MPMCs exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles experienced a dose-dependent increase in total ROS content. While there was minimal impact of ROS on cellular viability, there is a correlation between ROS amount and exocytosis perturbation. As nanoparticle-induced ROS increases, there is a significant decrease (45 %) in the number of serotonin molecules being released during exocytosis, increase (26 %) in the amount of time for each exocytotic granule to release, and decrease (28 %) in the efficiency of granule trafficking and docking. This is the first evidence that nanoparticle-induced ROS correlates with chemical messenger molecule secretion, possibly making a critical connection between functional impairment and mechanisms contributing to that impairment.
Some Comments on Russett's “Discovering Voting Groups in the United Nations”

Factor analysis, a statistical technique of growing popularity in political science, has recently found application in the June, 1966 issue of this REVIEW in an attempt to identify U.N. voting blocs. The hand is that of Professor Bruce M. Russett, the author of a number of outstanding contributions toward the systematic and quantitative study of international relations. The following paragraphs are designed to be cautionary in nature, not destructive, and endeavor to suggest: 1) that factor analysis has questionable value as a tool for the study of complex phenomena; 2) that even if acceptable as a tool, it has peculiar faults when applied to U.N. bloc voting; and 3) that even if acceptable as a tool for the study of bloc voting in the U.N., an application somewhat different from the one chosen by Professor Russett might have been more profitable. In the process it will be argued that the procedures of the sort profferred by Professor Arend Lijphart for determining U.N. voting blocs are preferable.1 1. If appealing in its seeming promise to make order of disorder and sense of nonsense, factor analy sis proves to be exasperating in practice. For while it is true, that, as Professor Russett has noted elsewhere, "the method is completely objective"2 in the sense that the decision as to which variables are to "load" on which factors is made entirely by the impartial machinery, the criteria which the machinery applies in arriving at this decision are manipulated by the operator-and depending on these criteria, the outcome can vary widely. Thus factor analysis can generate not one, but a number-in fact an infinite number-of solutions to the same problem. In choosing among these solutions the one most likely to represent truth (if that is what one is interested in), the analyst is commonly urged to select the solution which makes the most "sense"-in other words to embrace the objective solution which is most subjectively appealing. Therefore, one can get out of factor analysis almost whatever one wants to get. For example, in an argument a few years ago over such central psychological concerns as agreement response
Relationship between type A behavior pattern and motivational needs.

Type A/B behavior pattern, motivational needs, and several job-related attitudes and characteristics were examined for a group of 799 working men and women (358 men, 441 women) in a wide variety of...
Functional group contribution in ion-pair extraction of tricyclic amines.

The use of ion-pair extraction data to obtain group contribution values necessitates an assumption of counterion independency. This assumption was examined in the present study, using the extraction of four tricyclic antidepressants with several anions as examples. It was found to be valid, and a consistent relative functional group value could be obtained when substitution on the tricyclic amines was distant from the charged center. However, when substitution was at the charged center, as exemplified by comparison of the methylated and demethylated antidepressants, the observed group contribution value was anion dependent.
Evidence-Based Well-Being/Positive Psychology Assessment and Intervention with Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching and the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI)

Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching (also known as Quality of Life Therapy) is a comprehensive, manualized, theory-based, and, according to Diener (2013) and Seligman (Flourish, Free Press, NY, 2011, p. 292), evidence-based approach to well being, happiness, and positive psychology intervention suitable for both coaching and clinical applications. Clients are taught strategies and skills aimed at helping them to identify, pursue, and fulfill their most cherished needs, goals, and wishes in sixteen valued areas of life said to comprise human well-being and happiness. Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching is “manualized” in the form of the book entitled Quality of Life Therapy (Frisch 2006), providing step-by-step instruction in assessing well-being, tailoring interventions, and monitoring progress, outcome, and follow-up with the evidence-based well-being assessment, the Quality of Life Inventory or QOLI®. This article describes Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching and reviews developments and research since the publication of the manual in 2006. Randomized controlled trials bearing on the empirical support of Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching and the related assessment, the Quality of Life Inventory, are reviewed. The steps in Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching are delineated in the context of an illustrative case and an underlying theory which attempts to integrate findings from the fields of well-being, positive psychology, happiness, quality of life, social indicators research, psychotherapy, and coaching. Future applications and research are suggested which may identify the effective components of Quality of Life Therapy and Coaching and assess their direct impact on health and illness, encourage the use of evidence-based assessments and interventions on the part of well being coaches and therapists, and create health care delivery systems in which well being assessments and interventions are conducted concurrently with symptom-oriented tests and treatments.
Quadratic Differential Operators, Bicharacters and • Products

For a commutative cocommutative Hopf algebra, we study the relationship between a certain linear map defined via a bicharacter, an exponential of a quadratic differential operator, and a • product obtained via twisting by a bicharacter. This new relationship between • products and exponentials of quadratic differential operators was inspired by studying the exponential of a quadratic differential operator introduced in [7] and used in the theory of twisted modules of lattice vertex algebras.
Hierarchical classification of functionally equivalent genes in prokaryotes

Functional classification of genes represents a fundamental problem to many biological studies. Most of the existing classification schemes are based on the concepts of homology and orthology, which were originally introduced to study gene evolution but might not be the most appropriate for gene function prediction, particularly at high resolution level. We have recently developed a scheme for hierarchical classification of genes (HCGs) in prokaryotes. In the HCG scheme, the functional equivalence relationships among genes are first assessed through a careful application of both sequence similarity and genomic neighborhood information; and genes are then classified into a hierarchical structure of clusters, where genes in each cluster are functionally equivalent at some resolution level, and the level of resolution goes higher as the clusters become increasingly smaller traveling down the hierarchy. The HCG scheme is validated through comparisons with the taxonomy of the prokaryotic genomes, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) of genes and the Pfam system. We have applied the HCG scheme to 224 complete prokaryotic genomes, and constructed a HCG database consisting of a forest of 5339 multi-level and 15 770 single-level trees of gene clusters covering approximately 93% of the genes of these 224 genomes. The validation results indicate that the HCG scheme not only captures the key features of the existing classification schemes but also provides a much richer organization of genes which can be used for functional prediction of genes at higher resolution and to help reveal evolutionary trace of the genes.
The dynamics of short-term mutual fund flows and returns: A time-series and cross-sectional investigation

Abstract This study analyzes the dynamics of daily mutual fund flows. A Vector Auto Regression (VAR) of flows and returns shows that the behavior of fund investors is more consistent with contrarian rather than momentum characteristics. Past fund flows have a positive impact on future fund returns, with the long-term information effect dominating the transient price-pressure effect. Seasonality in daily flows, such as day-of-week and day-of-month patterns are present, and daily flows are generally mean-reverting. Probit regressions indicate that fund investment objective, marketing policy and level of active management explain cross-sectional variation in the behavioral patterns displayed in daily flows. Our results are robust to the different methods of calculating daily flows based on whether or not the day-end TNA figures include the current-day’s flow. Throughout the analysis, we contrast the dynamics of daily flows with established results for monthly fund flows and find important differences between the two.
Coping in adolescence: Empirical evidence for a theoretically based approach to assessing coping.

The present study was designed to examine the reported Stressors and patterns of coping strategies used by adolescents and extend the 1989 work of Carver et al. by reporting internal reliability, factorial validity, and normative data on the COPE for a sample of middle adolescents. A sample of 484 ninth through twelfth graders (ages 14–18) attending a Laboratory High School participated in the study. The COPE inventory developed by Carver et al. in 1989 for use with college students, was administered with a battery of measures to all adolescent participants in their classrooms. Results indicated sufficient internal consistency for the measure and significant gender differences. Factor analysis of the COPE indicated that the subscales consistently fell into four factors rather than the traditional two (i.e., problem focused vs emotion focused). Implications for using the COPE in research on adolescent were discussed.
Dalbavancin: Roles for Once-Weekly Antibiotics in Difficult to Treat Gram-Positive Infections

Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI) are on the rise, accounting for nearly 3.5 million ED visits in 2010. In a world with a rising prevalence of multi-drug resistance organisms it has become imperative to create novel antibiotics for the 21st century. A new once-weekly antibiotic, Dalbavancin (Durata Therapeutics, INC), has shown great promise and was recently approved by the FDA for patients with SSTI cause by gram-positive microorganisms, including MRSA. Dalbavancin has been shown to have equal efficacy for SSTI caused by gram-positive infections when compared to vancomycin and linezolid. In addition, it has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile that allows for once-weekly IV infusion, leading to the possibility of outpatient therapy even for severe SSTI. It undergoes dual elimination via urine and feces and dose adjustment for patients with renal and hepatic impairment does not appear necessary. It is well tolerated without evidence of hepatic or renal toxicity, gastrointestinal flora alteration, or significant drug–drug interaction. This review aims to summarize the clinical research already preformed on dalbavancin and describes its role in the clinical antibiotic armamentarium.
Coselection for microbial resistance to metals and antibiotics in freshwater microcosms.

Summary Bacterial resistances to diverse metals and antibiotics are often genetically linked, suggesting that exposure to toxic metals may select for strains resistant to antibiotics and vice versa. To test the hypothesis that resistances to metals and antibiotics are coselected for in environmental microbial assemblages, we investigated the frequency of diverse resistances in freshwater microcosms amended with Cd, Ni, ampicillin or tetracycline. We found that all four toxicants significantly increased the frequency of bacterioplankton resistance to multiple, chemically unrelated metals and antibiotics. An ampicillin-resistant strain of the opportunistic human pathogen Ralstonia mannitolilytica was enriched in microcosms amended with Cd. Frequencies of antibiotic resistance were elevated in microcosms with metal concentrations representative of industry and mining-impacted environments (0.01–1 mM). Metal but not antibiotic amendments decreased microbial diversity, and a weeklong exposure to high concentrations of ampicillin (0.01–10 mg l−1) and tetracycline (0.03–30 mg l−1) decreased microbial abundance only slightly, implying a large reservoir of antibiotic resistance in the studied environment. Our results provide first experimental evidence that the exposure of freshwater environments to individual metals and antibiotics selects for multiresistant microorganisms, including opportunistic human pathogens.
When accuracy is not enough: The moderating effect of perceived appraisal use

It is hypothesized that perceived appraisal use in making pay related decisions will moderate the relationship between instrumentality beliefs and appraisal accuracy related variables. Perceived appraisal use was found to moderate the relationship between instrumentality beliefs and perceived appraisal accuracy, supervisor appraisal behavior, and supervisor knowledge of performance.
Changing pulse-shape basis for molecular learning control

We interpret the results of a molecular fragmentation learning control experiment. We show that in the case of a system where control can be related to the structure of the optimal pulse matching the vibrational dynamics of the molecule, a simple change of pulse-shape basis in which the learning algorithm performs the search can reduce the dimensionality of the search space to one or two degrees of freedom.
Principles of play: A dialogical comparison of two case studies in school-based mentoring.

School-based mentoring is a means for community adults to work with students for a sense of belonging and connectedness in school. Indeed, tenets of play therapy, especially through a child-centered approach, are particularly useful in the school setting to impact a sense of belonging and connectedness for students. The power and permanence elements in mentoring outlined by Keller and Pryce (2010) underscore the undeniable differences between adults and youth that impact relationship closeness. Therefore, to identify relationship qualities of dyadic relationships (the immediate setting) in mentoring, using a dialogical analysis, we compare 2 case studies through the lens of Axline’s (1989) child-centered approach: 1 deemed by the mentor as successful and lasting, and the other deemed by the mentor as unsuccessful and not lasting. Further, we align Axline’s tenets to examine interactions in these cases and extend these concepts for working with children and youth in school-based mentoring. By presenting detailed descriptions of 2 case studies, we hope to highlight principles and characteristics for relationship strategies to impact synergy in the dyadic exchange.