cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of growth environment on the ganglioside composition of an experimental mouse brain tumor

Ganglioside composition was examined in an experimental mouse brain tumor growing as a solid tumor in vivo and as a cultured cell line in vitro. Gangliosides were also studied in the solid tumor rederived from the cultured tumor cell line. Although GM3-NeuAc was the major ganglioside in both the solid tumor and cultured tumor cells, several gangliosides expressed in the solid tumors (e.g., GM2-NeuGc, GM1, and GM1b) were not expressed in the cultured tumor cells. These gangliosides, however, are major components of mouse macrophages. Furthermore, significant amounts of gangliosides containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) were found in the solid tumor growing in vivo, but only trace amounts were present in the cultured tumor cells. NeuGc is a common ganglioside sialic acid in mouse nonneural cells, whereas N-acetylneuraminic (NeuAc) is the predominant sialic acid in mouse brain. The trace amounts of NeuGc in the cultured cells are attributed to contamination from the fetal bovine serum. Radiolabeling of the cultured tumor cell gangliosides with [14C]galactose revealed that GM3-NeuAc was the only ganglioside synthesized by the tumor cells. The results suggest that nontumor-infiltrating cells, e.g., macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells, may contribute significantly to the total ganglioside composition of solid tumors growing in vivo.
CO2 Leakage Into Shallow Aquifers: Modeling CO2 Gas Evolution and Accumulation at Interfaces of Heterogeneity☆

Abstract In this work we conducted 1-D and 2-D simulations of CO2 flow and transport aimed at improving our fundamental understanding of processes associated with potential CO2 leakage into shallow aquifers resulting from carbon sequestration operations. In the 1-D simulations we optimized capillary pressure parameters and conducted sensitivity analysis to investigate the size of CO2 gas accumulation zones as the permeability in heterogeneous layers decreased. Our results indicate that accumulation zones do not necessarily increase as permeability decreases, and differences between capillary pressures for each layer play an important role. In the 2-D simulations we investigated the role of horizontal background flow, and its magnitude, on the formation of CO2 gas in the system. We showed that the formation of CO2 gas in the 2-D tank can be predicted with a simple 1-D expression when the horizontal background flow is not dominating the flow field near the leak. In addition, we showed that the location of the heterogeneous layer relative to the leak can have profound effects on the size and shape of the CO2 gas plume.
Music Materials in a Faceted Catalog: Interviews with Faculty and Graduate Students

Lens, the University of Chicago Library's implementation of AquaBrowser, serves users from various disciplines. This study, conducted by the music cataloger, considers needs of music researchers. In particular, it captures user input on five facets formerly in Lens—Format, Topic, Genre, Geographical Region, and Time Period—as well as information on how users employ music uniform titles in their research. The data collected was analyzed and used to generate recommendations for improvement of Lens. A report detailing the findings and the corresponding recommendations was submitted to a library committee. Recommendations have been implemented or rejected, or are under consideration.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Soluble E. Coli Spase I Demonstrates Conformational Changes Induced by Lipid and Signal Peptide Binding

The bacterial secretory pathway is responsible for the translocation of exported preproteins, and for the assembly of membrane preproteins. Signal peptidase I (SPase I) is responsible for the cleavage of the signal peptide from these preproteins. We have used tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy of the soluble Escherichia coli SPase I Δ2-75 to study the dynamic conformational changes that occur when the enzyme is in solution and when interacting with lipids and the signal peptide. E. coli SPase I Δ2-75 has four tryptophan residues (W261, W284, W300 and W310). We generated single tryptophan mutants, namely, W261, W284, W300 and W310, by mutating the other three Trp residues in each mutant to Phe. Based on fluorescence quenching experiments, W261 and W284 were found to be solvent inaccessible, while W300 and W310 were solvent exposed. However, W300 and W310 were found to become solvent inaccessible in the presence of lipids. This is consistent with their location proximal to the outer leaflet of the periplasmic membrane, where they could interact with membrane phospholipids, thus facilitating signal peptide binding. W261, W284 and W300 were found to undergo conformational changes concomitant with signal peptide binding. As these residues are located close to the putative substrate binding groove and near residues stabilizing the transition state, they may undergo a restricted structural rearrangement arising from signal peptide binding at the enzyme active site. These experiments have helped elucidate how the enzyme positions itself at the membrane and becomes primed to cleave the signal peptide of a preprotein during the translocation process.
The Requirement for Pre-TCR during Thymic Differentiation Enforces a Developmental Pause That Is Essential for V-DJβ Rearrangement

T cell development occurs in the thymus and is critically dependent on productive TCRβ rearrangement and pre-TCR expression in DN3 cells. The requirement for pre-TCR expression results in the arrest of thymocytes at the DN3 stage (β checkpoint), which is uniquely permissive for V-DJβ recombination; only cells expressing pre-TCR survive and develop beyond the DN3 stage. In addition, the requirement for TCRβ rearrangement and pre-TCR expression enforces suppression of TCRβ rearrangement on a second allele, allelic exclusion, thus ensuring that each T cell expresses only a single TCRβ product. However, it is not known whether pre-TCR expression is essential for allelic exclusion or alternatively if allelic exclusion is enforced by developmental changes that can occur in the absence of pre-TCR. We asked if thymocytes that were differentiated without pre-TCR expression, and therefore without pause at the β checkpoint, would suppress all V-DJβ rearrangement. We previously reported that premature CD28 signaling in murine CD4−CD8− (DN) thymocytes supports differentiation of CD4+CD8+ (DP) cells in the absence of pre-TCR expression. The present study uses this model to define requirements for TCRβ rearrangement and allelic exclusion. We demonstrate that if cells exit the DN3 developmental stage before TCRβ rearrangement occurs, V-DJβ rearrangement never occurs, even in DP cells that are permissive for D-Jβ and TCRα rearrangement. These results demonstrate that pre-TCR expression is not essential for thymic differentiation to DP cells or for V-DJβ suppression. However, the requirement for pre-TCR signals and the exclusion of alternative stimuli such as CD28 enforce a developmental “pause” in early DN3 cells that is essential for productive TCRβ rearrangement to occur.
Changes in magnesium content and subcellular distribution during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of HL60 cells.

Magnesium (Mg) is required for cellular proliferation; however, the differences in subcellular regulation of Mg between proliferating and differentiated cells has not been determined. We used electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) to investigate the subcellular distribution of Mg in HL60 cells (a promyelocytic leukemia cell line) before and after retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation. Most intracellular Mg is bound to ATP and the Mg-ATP complex regulates several metabolic enzymes. We also compared alterations in Mg content following differentiation with the changes in ATP and ADP levels. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, we observed a significant decrease (-20%) in cellular Mg content in RA-differentiated HL60 cells. To investigate which intracellular compartments were involved in these changes, we analyzed subcellular elemental composition in freeze-dried cryosections of rapidly frozen undifferentiated and differentiated HL60 cells by EPMA. Following differentiation of HL60 cells, we observed an 18% decrease in Mg content in both the cytoplasm (regions of the cell excluding mitochondria and nuclei) and mitochondria. There was also a significant (40%) decrease in cytoplasmic Ca content after RA-induced differentiation. Nuclear Mg concentration was not significantly different between differentiated and undifferentiated HL60 cells, although differentiation was accompanied by a 30% decrease in the nuclear K/Na ratio. After differentiation, cellular ATP and ADP content decreased by 31 and 40%, respectively. We conclude that during exit from the cell cycle, Mg redistributes within cells and that the decrease in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Mg is accompanied by a decrease in ATP and ADP content.
Calculus ABCs: A Gateway for Freshman Calculus.

ABSTRACT This paper describes a gateway testing program designed to ensure that students acquire basic skills in freshman calculus. Students must demonstrate they have mastered standards for “Absolutely Basic Competency”—the Calculus ABCs—in order to pass the course with a grade of C or better. We describe the background, standards, and testing program. Based on three years of objective data, together with subjective impressions, we conclude that the program is effective in encouraging many students to master the basics. We also describe improvements currently in place, including web-based test generation.
Silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice is altered by acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide.

The biologic impact of consecutive exposures to two environmental pollutants was examined in mice exposed to silica crystals (SI) by intratracheal (IT) injection followed by an inhalation exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). C57Bl/6 mice received an IT injection of 2 mg SI or sterile saline (SAL) followed by a 2‐h inhalation exposure to NO2 at 20 ppm either within 2 h of or 24 h after SI instillation. During acute inflammation (d 3 postsilica), mice exposed to NO2 at either time showed a dramatic and significant reduction in the number of lavaged alveolar neutrophils (PMN) when compared to silical air‐exposed mice. Animals exposed to NO2 24 h after silica also evidenced significant decreases in levels of lavage albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 3 d after silica, as well as significant decreases in hydroxyproline content of the lung 30 and 60 d postsilica injection when compared to silicalair‐exposed animals. NO2 administration 24 h after silica appeared to shift the appearance of PMN in the lung from...
X-ray sensitivity of photosynthetic and reproductive systems in Chlorella.

— Some effects of X rays on the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa have been investigated by measurements of survival and oxygen-evolving capability. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution at light saturation and endogenous respiration showed the same radiation sensitivity, and these two processes were about 40 times more resistant to X-ray-induced inactivation than survival. Responses of cells receiving doses in excess of 200krad are in agreement with the existence of two photosystems, photoreaction II being apparently more sensitive to X rays than photoreaction I.
EuSe2: A novel antiferromagnetic rare-earth polychalcogenide

The reaction of Eu with a molten mixture of Li2Se and excess Se has produced a new rare earth dichalcogenide, EuSe2, with a type “a” antiferromagnetic structure. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group I4/mcm forming into small single crystal rectangular blocks with their long axis along c. The high temperature magnetic susceptibility exhibits Curie–Weiss behavior with a ferromagnetic Θ=15±1 K and an effective moment μeff=7.9±0.1 Bohr magnetons consistent with the theoretical value of 7.94 for the Eu2+ free ion. There is a peak in χc at Tn=8.0±0.5 K which is attributed to an antiferromagnetic transition. At T=2.5 K with the magnetic field, H, applied along c, M(H) exhibits a sharp increase near 1.5 T attributed to a metamagnetic transition. With H along a the moments saturate at about 5 T. A simple mean field model in which the Eu ions in the ab plane are coupled into ferromagnetic sheets, with alternate sheets along c coupled antiferromagnetically to form a bulk antiferromagnet is used to interpret the data.
A missense mutation in the neurofibromatosis 2 gene occurs in patients with mild and severe phenotypes.

We identified a missense mutation (T185 right arrow C, Phe62 right arrow Ser) in the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene in a family with mild and severe NF2 phenotypes.This mutation was previously reported in an unrelated family in which all affected individuals had mild phenotypes. These data demonstrate a lack of correlation between NF2 genotype and NF2 phenotype for this mutation. NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 544-546
The Sun and the Shakers, Again: Enga, Ipili, and Somaip Perspectives on the Cult of Ain

In the middle 1940s, at a time when white people were just beginning to penetrate the western highlands of what would become Papua New Guinea, a cult spread quickly among Engas, Ipili speakers, and Somaips. In the seminal article ‘The Sun and the Shakers' published almost 40 years ago, Mervyn J. Meggitt would call this cult the ‘Cult of Ain.’ The cult's core feature involved a massive sacrifice of pigs to the sun in an attempt to enlist the sun's aid. Participants stared at the sun and shook, entering a trance-like state. While massive pig sacrifices to the sun occurred in all cult variants, local versions of the cult differed in emphasizing one or two themes: acquiring wealth (pigs and pearlshells but also white manufactured goods) and/or ascending to the sky. Interpretations of the cult reflect this variation, some focusing on apparent cargo cultic dimensions while others train on the cult's millenarian aspects. This reprise of Meggitt's article argues that the themes of wealth acquisition and ascent to the sky were at base the same, intelligible with respect to the cosmological discourse that so clearly informed all the cult's manifestations (hence the emphasis upon the sun), a discourse that this article attempts to interpret. This, the first of a two-part article, summarizes what is known of Cult of Ain variants, highlighting the features other reporters have emphasized as well as those that may provide insight into underlying cultural and even transcultural logics.
Screening for the alpha-adducin Gly460Trp variant in hypertensive patients: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background Studies have shown that approximately 80% of hypertensive patients do not take diuretics despite their recommendation as a first-line therapy. A recent study reported that hypertensive patients with the Gly460Trp variant in the alpha-adducin gene are more likely to benefit from diuretic therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential cost effectiveness of screening for the alpha-adducin Gly460Trp variant among hypertensive patients. Methods A decision analytic Markov model was developed to estimate the clinical and economic outcomes comparing screening for the Gly460Trp variant to identify patients for addition of a diuretic compared to no screening and no addition of diuretic (usual care) in a hypothetical cohort of treated hypertensive patients not receiving diuretic therapy. We used a lifetime horizon and payer perspective. Cost, utility and epidemiological data were obtained from the literature. One-way, probabilistic, and scenario sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the uncertainty in the results. Results The screening strategy increased quality adjusted life years (QALYs) by 0.14 (95% confidence range [CR]: 0.05, 0.36) and saved dollar 1834 (dollar 505, dollar 5174) compared to usual care. The most influential input was the strength of the interaction between the alpha-adducin gene variant and diuretic effect. Conclusions Our results suggest that screening for the alpha-adducin gene variant may be a useful mechanism to identify patients most likely to benefit from diuretic therapy and improve compliance with current treatment guidelines.
Image-potential surface states on Ag(100): A reinvestigation

Employing inverse photoemission we have remeasured the energy dispersionE(k) of the lowest-lying image state on Ag(100) with improved energy resolution (electrons and photons, ΔE=0.35 eV) andk-resolution (Δk<0.1 A−1). In a least-square fit with the binding energyEB atk=0 and the effective massm* as parameters we obtainEB=Evac −0.67 eV andm*=1.5 m in agreement with our earlier findings but differing from the two-photon photoemission values (∼0.53 eV and 1.15 m).
When Additional Views are Not Free: Active View Completion for Multi-view Semi-Supervised Learning

Multi-view semi-supervised learning methods exploit the combination of multiple data views and unlabeled data in order to learn better predictive functions with limited labeled data. However, their applicability is limited since typically one data view is readily available but additional views may be costly to obtain. Here we explore a new research direction at the intersection of active learning and multi-view semi-supervised learning: active view completion. The goal is to actively select which instances to obtain missing view data for, for the purposes of enabling effective multi-view semi-supervised learning. Recent work has shown an active selection strategy for view completion can be more effective than a random one. Here a better understanding of active approaches is sought, and it is demonstrated that the effectiveness of an active selection strategy over a random one can depend on the relationship between views. We present new algorithms, theoretical results, and experimental study to elucidate the conditions for and extent to which active approaches can be beneficial in this scenario.
Antigen Presentation by Spleen Dendritic Cells

It is now recognized that dendritic cells (DC) isolated from mouse spleen play an important role in activating T lymphocytes. These DC, which show many similarities to veiled cells found in afferent lymph and interdigitating cells found in the paracortical regions of spleen and lymph node, may be closely related to the epidermal Langerhans cells. It is known that DC are extremely effective allostimulators. We have also found that although DC lack demonstrable phagocytic ability, they are extremely potent at presenting soluble polypeptide antigens to primed T cells. Since T lymphocytes comprise several distinct subsets (particularly cytotoxic, helper, and suppressor) in our most recent studies we have asked whether DC are able to trigger all these different subsets of T cells. We examined the ability of different spleen cell types coupled with the hapten NP to induce antigen-specific T suppressors for a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. It was found that T suppressors were generated only when hapten was conjugated to a spleen-derived antigen-presenting cell. Further analysis revealed that macrophages but not DC were able to induce defined sets of suppressor cells in vivo (although DC were able to trigger a very powerful DTH response). We also examined the ability of DC to activate T cells which are required to cooperate with B cells in the production of antibody. Even though DC were able to trigger T lymphocytes to produce lymphokines, these activated T cells did not act as helper cells in a standard hapten-carrier system. Possible mechanisms for this dichotomy of DC function are discussed.
Initial diagnosis and treatment follow up of neuroblastoma invasion of inferior vena cava with I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy.

Neuroblastoma is a common malignancy diagnosed during childhood. Metastatic neuroblastoma frequently involves regional lymph nodes, bone, and bone marrow. In contrast, neuroblastoma involvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is extremely rare. We report a case of neuroblastoma with IVC invasion visualized with 1-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (1-123 MIBG) scintigraphy during a diagnostic workup while, a follow-up 1-123 MIBG scan showed resolution of tumor uptake in the IVC with treatment.
High performance gyro with fast startup time, high range, wide bandwidth, low noise and excellent vibration immunity

A low-cost, high-yield, low-power gyro is presented from which five high performance variants are created by altering operating conditions. Flexible design of the gyro and the excellent dynamic range is explained. The paper details the high performance aspects of each variant with results from large population of dies. Measured results show a start up time less than 3ms and gyro output nonlinearity less than 0.1% of the full scale specification up to at least 20,000°/sec. The gyro has 8–12°/hr Allen deviation performance with white noise of 0.01°/sec/√Hz and bandwidth of 2kHz.
An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the chemical changes in oxide and hydroxide surfaces induced by Ar+ ion bombardment

In the course of X-ray photoemission studies on the oxidation of metals and alloys and on bulk oxides, we found that in addition to physical sputtering Ar+ ion bombardment can in many cases reduce an oxide to a mixture of the original oxide, lower oxides and metal. The effect is even more pronounced in systems containing hydroxyl groups which are readily destroyed by the ion beam. Specific examples for oxidized cobalt, nickel and iron surfaces and their bulk oxides and hydroxides are given. The relative reduction rates of CoII and FeIII in CoFe2O4 are also examined. From these observations, it is clear that any depth compositional profiling using ion sputtering in conjunction with Auger or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy should be treated with extreme caution. The mechanism for the chemical changes induced by ion bombardment is briefly discussed.
Carrier relaxation mechanisms in self-assembled ( In , Ga ) As ∕ Ga As quantum dots: Efficient P → S Auger relaxation of electrons

We calculate the $P$-shell\char21{}to\char21{}$S$-shell decay lifetime $\ensuremath{\tau}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}(P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}S)$ of electrons in lens-shaped self-assembled $(\mathrm{In},\mathrm{Ga})\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$ dots due to Auger electron-hole scattering within an atomistic pseudopotential-based approach. We find that this relaxation mechanism leads to fast decay of $\ensuremath{\tau}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}(P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}S)\ensuremath{\sim}1\char21{}7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ for dots of different sizes. Our calculated Auger-type $P$-shell\char21{}to\char21{}$S$-shell decay lifetimes $\ensuremath{\tau}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}(P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}S)$ compare well to data in $(\mathrm{In},\mathrm{Ga})\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$ dots, showing that as long as both electrons and holes are present there is no need for an alternative polaron mechanism.
Two conformational states of didansylcystine-labeled rabbit cardiac tropomyosin

The fluorescence properties of rabbit cardiac tropomyosin specifically labeled at Cys190 with didansylcystine has been correlated with its unfolding transitions. Circular dichroism studies at 222 nm showed that for both didansylcystine-labeled tropomyosin and reduced tropomyosin under physiological conditions, a small thermal pretransition near 30 degrees C was present before the main unfolding transition at 48 degrees C. In the absence of added salt there was only one unfolding transition near 33 degrees C for both the native and the labeled tropomyosin. Thus, conformational perturbation by the probe was minor. Despite the specific labeling, the fluorescence decay of didansylcystine-labeled tropomyosin was composed of two components; a major component with a short lifetime (6 ns) and a minor blue shifted component with a relatively long lifetime (17 ns), due to the sampling by the probe of both a polar and a hydrophobic environment, respectively, near Cys190. The fluorescence contribution of the long-lived component increased in the pretransition before decreasing in the main unfolding transition. The increase of the long-lived component appears to be a consequence of a shift in conformational equilibrium of tropomyosin from a "chain-closed" toward a localized "chain-open" state, which allows greater access of the probe to the exposed hydrophobic region.
Effect of a weak momentum dependence in the electron self-energy on the conductance of a normal metal-insulator-normal metal tunnelling junction

Abstract Recently Svistunov et al inverted normal metal tunnelling data on an AlIPb junction to obtain the frequency (Ω) dependence of α 2 F(Ω) for Pb. Central to their analysis in the Hermann-Schmid formula for the odd part of the conductance (σ odd ) arising from the dominant momentum (i.e. band energy dependence in the barrier penetration factor. However, Appelbaum and Brinkman have argued and Davis has shown by direct calculation that it is the renormalized energy, not the bare band energy, that should enter, in which case this contribution to σ odd vanishes. We show that it is possible to recover the Hermann-Schmid formula (aside from a different proportionality constant) and thus salvage the inversion technique of Svistunov et al by taking into account the weak band energy dependence of the electron self-energy, an effect explicitly neglected by Hermann and Schmid.
Experience with the liposomal delivery of the photosensitizer isoBoSiNc

The silicon naphthalocyanine isoBoSiNc was studied with regard to its photosensitizing properties when carried in the following vehicles: chreinophore, Tween 80 and liposoiaes of various composition. Encapsulation of the sensitizer in liposomes was complicated by the drug's tendency to aggregate, and was successful only at very high lipid: isoBoSiNc ratios. Encapsulation efficiency was low. Liposoinal delivery of the sensitizer in vivo did not seem to significantly improve the biologic response when compared to other vehicles.
The Designing and Wear Simulation of the Wheel Used in Super-High Speed Point Grinding

The application of the wheel used in super-high speed point (SHSP) grinding is introduced in detail, depicting the applied rang of the wheel, through designing the wheel body and the layer of CBN in the wheel. The designed principle is inferred according to the specific shape, the grinding productivity is analyzed in the course grinding zone and the finished grinding zone, introducing the angle of course grinding zone, which affects the grinding parameters in SHSP grinding, the value of the angle is designed to be suited to the point grinding, and manufacturing the wheel, introducing the changed state of chip flowing grinding used in the new wheel, the micro-surface of the wheel is observed through microscope, whose the ratio of air hole and the layer of CBN are analyzed, simulating the wear trend of the new wheel, the conclusions about super hard abrasives and wearing are drawn at last, the application of SHSP grinding is related to designing and manufacturing of the wheel, which provides the equipment for realizing high precision and productivity processing and offers the referred basis for the theoretical research.
A Collaborative, Investigative Recombinant DNA Technology Course with Laboratory

A recombinant DNA technology course was designed to promote contextual, collaborative, inquiry-based learning of science where students learn from one another and have a sense of ownership of their education. The class stressed group presentations and critical reading and discussion of scientific articles. The laboratory consisted of two research projects: random cDNA cloning and in vitro expression and site-directed mutagenesis of cholinesterase. Students prepared a poster and wrote a scientific paper peer-reviewed by scientists at a nearby university. Multiple methods were used to evaluate the course. Evaluation data were consistent and positive. Students learned to read, present, and discuss scientific articles in depth, work collaboratively in small teams, and perform genetic engineering experiments. The students also outperformed all biology majors on the molecular biology/genetics subtest of the Major Field Achievement Test. The course has an extensive website at http://panther.bsc.edu/∼lepezzem/bi405_html/bi405.html.
Sato-Tate distribution for abelian varieties with real multiplication over function fields

We calculate the monodromy groups of some universal families of abelian varieties with real multiplication by $\mathbf{Q}(\cos\frac{2\pi}{r})$, over certain Hilbert type modular varieties over finite fields. Using Deligne's equidistribution theorem, we obtain the Sato-Tate law for the distribution of Frobenius eigenvalues of these universal families of abelian varieties.
Role-related Stress Experienced by Academic Librarians

Abstract Although a substantial body of research has identified stressors and their consequences in a number of organizational populations, very little systematic research has investigated the stress experienced by librarians. The study described here addresses this oversight by examining two sources of role-related stress experienced in a diverse sample of academic librarians. Results of the study were largely consistent with predictions. The librarians experienced role ambiguity, role overload, and burnout at or above the level experienced by other occupational samples, and the role stressors significantly predicted an array of psychological, health-related, and work-related outcomes. Implications of the results for the prevention of role stress and interventional programs are discussed.
Growth and Characterization of Atomic and Nanometer Scale Wires on the Silicon Surface

Growth of metals on semiconductor surfaces can result in the self-assembly of a variety of 1D or 2D structures whose lateral dimensions range from one atom to tens of atoms. Over this range in length scales, STM gives information about the structure, the growth behavior and the electronic properties of these small structures. STM and STS data on several different systems are presented. In addition, ongoing and future efforts to measure the transport properties of these small structures are described.
Focal Functional Deficits in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy on PET Scans and the Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure: Comparison of Patients with Unitemporal Epilepsy with Those Requiring Intracranial Recordings

Summary: Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) and positron emission tomography (PET) and study the lateralizing value of these tests in patients with unitemporal epilepsy and those requiring intracranial recordings. Methods: We compared 51 patients with unitemporal epilepsy (group1) with 26 patients in whom surface recordings failed to reveal a distinct unitemporal focus, necessitating invasive recordings (group 2). Results: The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for group 1 showed mesial temporal sclerosis in 70.5% of the patients. PET showed unilateral temporal hypometabolism in 88%. In addition, 74.5% of the patients in group 1 had impaired memory on the epileptogenic side on the IAP, and 89.4% of those patients also had ipsilateral temporal hypometabolism on PET scans. All the group 1 patients underwent temporal resections. The pathologic examination showed hippocampal sclerosis in 72% of the patients. Eighty percent of group 1 patients became seizure free, and 16% had rare seizures (follow-up, 2–7 years). MRIs for group 2 showed mesial temporal sclerosis in 31% of the patients; PET scans showed temporal hypometabolism in 39%. The IAP was lateralized in 47.8%. Sixty-nine percent had temporal lobe resections. The pathologic examination showed hippocampal sclerosis in 44% of the patients. Forty-four percent of group 2 patients became seizure free, and 27.7% had rare seizures (follow-up, 2–8 years). Conclusions: Ninety-six percent of the patients with unitemporal foci had focal functional deficits on the epileptogenic side on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-(FDG) PET scans, the IAP, or both. The results of the FDG-PET were predictive of impaired memory on the IAP. Memory impairment contralateral to the temporal hypometabolism found on the PET scans was never seen. These patients had an excellent outcome. In contrast, <50% of the patients requiring intracranial recordings had focal functional deficits, suggesting that more a diffuse pathology may account for their less favorable outcome.
Narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with ionspray tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of the substance P receptor antagonist ezlopitant and its two active metabolites in plasma

A simple, but highly sensitive and specific, assay was developed for the quantitative determination of ezlopitant and its two active metabolites in human plasma using narrow-bore reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS-MS). Ezlopitant, its two pharmacologically active metabolites, an alkene analogue (CJ-12 458) and a benzyl alcohol analogue (CJ-12 764), and their corresponding trideuterated internal standards (I.S.), were extracted from plasma with methyl tert.-butyl ether (MTBE). The dried MTBE extracts were reconstituted and analyzed using a narrow-bore (2.1 mm I.D.) YMC basic HPLC column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-20 mM ammonium acetate, pH 5 (60:40, v/v). Column effluent was monitored by pneumatically assisted electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using the parent to product ions was used to quantify ezlopitant and its two active metabolites. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.1-100 ng/ml. Average absolute recoveries from plasma were approximately 71, 80 and 99% for ezlopitant and its two active metabolites CJ-12 485 and CJ-12 764, respectively. The precision (RSD %) and accuracy (Deviation %) values for the method were within +/- 12% and +/- 15%, respectively, for all analytes. Sample analysis times were less than 5 min from one injection to the next. The assay proved to be suitable for pharmacokinetics studies.
The coupling of crossing over and homologous synapsis in maize inversions

Because fresh initiations of synapsis must occur for homologous synapsis of internal heterozygously inverted chromosome segments, attention has been directed at homologous synapsis and crossing over in overlapping paracentric inversions in the long arm of chromosome 1 of maize. In an earlier study with a relatively short inversion (where double crossovers within the inversion were rare), a recombination nodule (RN) was generally found at pachytene in reverse paired (homologously synapsed) inverted regions. Crossover frequency within the inversion, which could be independently estimated from analysis of bridge and fragment frequency at anaphase I and II, closely corresponded to crossover frequency estimated from observed RN frequency in pachytene inversion loops. These findings were consistent with the interpretation that establishment of homologous synapsis in this case is generally coupled to crossing over. This coupling suggests that there is very early commitment to the form of resolution of recombination intermediates that results in reciprocal recombination events instead of conversion only or other noncrossover events. This study examines another, larger paracentric inversion in the long arm of chromosome 1 that completely overlaps the first inversion. It is sufficiently longer than the first inversion that double crossover events are found within it with substantial frequency and interference considerations are feasible. This study confers additional insight into the interrelationships of synapsis and crossing over and the probable sequence in which the various involved processes usually occur. It raises the strong possibility that crossovers can be initiated during the alignment phase that precedes synapsis.
Joint-design of adaptive modulation and coding with adaptive ARQ for cooperative relay networks

This article investigates the efficacy of a joint-design of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical (PHY) layer with an adaptive Rmax-truncated selective-repeat automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol at the medium access control (MAC) layer to maximize the throughput of cooperative amplify-and-forward (CAF) relay networks under prescribed delay and/or error performance constraints. Specifically, we generalize the existing design/results for cross-layer combining of AMC with truncated ARQ in non-cooperative diversity systems in three-folds: (i) extension of the cross-layer PHY/MAC design or optimization to cooperative diversity systems; (ii) generalization/unification of analytical expressions for various network performance metrics to generalized block fading channels with independent but non-identically distributed (i.n.d) fading statistics among the spatially distributed nodes; (iii) investigation of the effectiveness of joint-adaptation of the maximum retransmission limit Rmax in ARQ protocol and cooperative diversity order N for delay-insensitive applications. Our numerical results reveal that the average throughput can be increased considerably by judiciously combining two additional degrees of freedom (N and Rmax) that are available in CAF relay networks besides employing AMC at the PHY layer, especially in the most challenging low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime.
Effect of Tide Level and Time of Day on Detection Rate and Abundance of Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris) in a Mid-Atlantic Tidal Marsh System

Abstract. Obligate marsh bird detection rates during surveys are affected by the time of day and the tide level, but previous research on both factors has produced conflicting results and no research has been conducted in east coast tidal marshes. Relative abundance and detection rate of Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris) were compared between morning and evening surveys at high, medium, and low tide levels in Worcester County, Maryland, during 2006. The detection rate of Clapper Rails was greatest in the morning at the medium tide level ( = 0.69, SE = 0.14, F5,40 = 5.87, P = 0.001). Morning surveys ( = 1.2, SE = 0.14) resulted in a greater relative abundance of Clapper Rail detections compared to evening surveys ( = 0.8, SE = 0.12, F1,195 = 5.31, P = 0.022), and surveys done at medium tide level ( = 1.3, SE = 0.17) resulted in greater relative abundance than those conducted at low ( = 0.8, SE = 0.15) or high levels ( = 0.7, SE = 0.15, F2,195 = 6.56, P = 0.002). The results suggest that surveys should be...
PREDICTION OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS BY SEX AND RACE

Summlrsy.-Discriminant function analyses were computed from scores compiled in a comprehensive, 32-variable, dara bank using grade-point average groups as criteria. Separate constellations of variables predicted academic performance for each group (divided by race and sex). Black males' (n = 12) and females' (n = 25) academic performance could not be predicted by standardized tests but was predicted by a study habirs inventory. The study habits inventory and the California Short-form Test of Mental Marurity predicted academic success for white males and females (ns = 62 and 113, respectively). However, for the females it was concluded that the relationship of the student wich the teacher was the important determinant of academic success. In recent years a large number of socioeconomically and educationally disadvantaged students have been admitted to colleges and universities. Predictions (Green & Farquhar, 1965; Tatham & Tatharn, 1974; Trachtman, 1975) of these students' academic performances have been inconsistent. One reason may be the instruments used to provide the data According to Jenkins ( 1964), standardized tests ate not appropriate instruments to predict academic performances for subjects with limited or restricted backgrounds. Reports which do not describe the subjects contribute to the inconsistent research findings. Tatham and Tatham (1974) noted that many investigations of academic achievement, employing black subjects, failed to differentiate the subjects by sex. Other researchers (Green & Farquhar, 1965) reported significant differences in correlations between verbal aptitude and academic achievement for black male and female subjects. The inconsistent research findings may also be attributed ro the types of analyses used. According to Maudel, Butcher, and Mauger (1974), the most appropriate statistic for predicting academic achievement is a multivariate statistic which indicates the interrelationships among the predictor variables and the accuracy of prediction. The aim of the present study was to (a) use a discriminant function analysis to investigate which of the 32 variables studied would predict the academic performance for the students who were differentiated by sex and race and identified by their semester grade-point average (GPA) and (b) determine the accuracy of the prediction for each group studied. 'Study partially ,funded by an East Texas State University organized Research Grant to
Discrete/Continuous Choices in Contingent Valuation Surveys: Soil Conservation Decisions in Michigan

A discrete/continuous model of participation in environmental programs is developed. A conditional expectation correction model is used to overcome the selectivity bias inherent in single-equation approaches used to describe participation. The two-equation model proposed explicitly recognizes the linkage between the discrete decision (participate or not) and the continuous decision (level of participation for enrollees). This approach yields a measure of willingness to accept payment for program participation that is not obtainable when level of participation alone is considered. A model using contingent valuation survey data assessing participation in the filter strip program in Michigan serves as an example.
Tissue factor and factor VIIa: understanding the molecular mechanism.

Sitting at the apex of the clotting cascade, the tissue factor (TF) : factor VIIa (FVIIa) complex is essential for hemostasis and contributes to thrombosis. In addition to its hemostatic role, TF:FVIIa-dependent cleavage and activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis and inflammation. This supplement explores new aspects of TF:VIIa biology in seventeen reviews divided into seven sections.
Moving toward individualized therapy based on NER polymorphisms that predict platinum sensitivity in ovarian cancer patients.

Abstract Objective Platinum-based chemotherapy exerts its cytotoxic effect by forming DNA adducts and subsequently inhibiting DNA replication. Removing platinum DNA adducts requires the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. The xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation group of genes plays an essential role in the NER pathway. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in XP genes may predict clinical response to platinum chemotherapeutic treatment and survival in women with gynecological cancers. Method We genotyped 146 cases of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer for XP gene polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method. Kaplan–Meier plots and the log-rank test were used to assess associations between survival and recurrence-free interval and the XP gene polymorphisms. Hazard ratio of response was estimated from an adjusted multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Results Women with a heterozygous variant XPA allele had shorter median survival (21.5 months, P =0.03) and shorter median time to recurrence (11.3 months, P =0.05) than women with the homozygous wild-type allele (37.9 and 13.9 months, respectively). Women with a homozygous variant XPG allele had significantly shorter median survival (8.3 months, P =0.006) compared with women with the homozygous XPG wild-type allele (24.6 months). Polymorphisms in XPC, XPD exon10, and XPD exon23 were associated with a decreased risk of recurrence and death, but were not statistically significant. Conclusions This study suggests that NER gene polymorphisms may correlate with recurrence and patient survival. A larger sample size is needed to assess platinum chemotherapy response with these polymorphisms. These findings may help identify subgroups of cancer patients likely to benefit from individualized treatment strategies. Our next study will examine NER gene polymorphisms in cervical cancer patients.
Particle tracing in curvilinear grids

Computational fluid dynamics simulations result in large multivariate data sets with information such as pressure, temperature, and velocity available at grid points for a sequence of steps. Velocity data is typically visualized by displaying a particle animation or streamlines. We present an efficient method for calculating particle paths based on velocity data from curvilinear grids. In order to compute the path, a velocity must be determined at arbitrary points inside the grid. We use a tetrahedral decomposition of the curvilinear grid. Each voxel, formed by eight points, is divided into five tetrahedra. The point of intersection of a particle's path and the boundary of a tetrahedron is calculated and look-up tables are used to determine which tetrahedron the particle enters next. The new velocity is computed by interpolating the velocity at the four tetrahedron grid points. Tracing through the tetrahedra eliminates the need for searching through the curvilinear grid and eliminates additional sampling error caused by imposing a regular grid. Using our method, the time to update the position of a particle for a single time step is essentially a constant [O(1)].© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Periodic and homoclinic orbits in a toy climate model

A two dimensional system of autonomous nonlinear ordinary differential equations models glacier growth and temperature changes on an idealized planet. We apply standard perturbative techniques from dynamical systems theory to study small amplitude periodic orbits about a constant equilibrium. The equations are put in cononical form and the local phase space topology is examined. Maximum and minimum periods of oscillation are obtained and related to the radius of the orbit. An adjacent equilibrium is shown to have saddle character and the inflowing and outflowing manifolds of this saddle are studied using numerical integration. The inflowing manifolds show the region of attraction for the periodic orbit. As the frequency gets small, the adjacent (saddle) equilibrium approaches the radius of the periodic orbit. The bifurcation of the periodic orbit to a stable homoclinic orbit is observed when an inflowing manifold and an outflowing manifold of the adjacent equilibrium cross.
Leveraging Competitive Advantages Developing Countries' Role in International Fisheries Management

Contrary to expectations, fishing countries have established relatively effective management plans for a few international fisheries. The model described in this article explains how such multilateral regulation can evolve in spite of strong political and economic barriers to cooperation. Qualitative cases from the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas were used to test the model. Although there was not enough political will to maintain stocks at sustainable levels, fishing countries developed successful rebuilding plans for some overfished stocks. Developing countries played a critical role in this arena because the growth of their fleets provided incentives for developed countries to prefer stronger management. When powerful countries with high costs of production began to lose market share under open access, they turned to negotiated access rights in order to protect their fleets. This system also benefited developing countries when they garnered concessions and side payments for their cooperation.