cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rules of Charity: Richard III and the Counterfeit-Disability Tradition

This chapter analyzes the most famous disabled character in early modern drama: Shakespeare’s Richard III. While Row-Heyveld does not challenge the authenticity of Richard’s disability, she nevertheless maintains that the counterfeit-disability tradition animates this play. Richard performs his deformity in such a way as to prey upon his spectators’ charity, employing the strategies conventional to the counterfeit-disability tradition. The play locates its central dramatic power not in Richard’s virtuosic performances but in the reactions of his audiences. Reading Richard III within the counterfeit-disability tradition clarifies why Richard’s manipulative abilities suffer after becoming king: He is no longer able to use his body to evoke dangerous pity. The play presents an early modern notion of the non-standard body that resists determinism. Instead, by dissembling disability with his authentically impaired body, Richard III reveals that performance—rather than predestination—makes Richard truly threatening.
“Just hear that potty mouth!”: an argument for Sarah Ruden’s translation of Lysistrata

Sarah Ruden provides the best translation of Aristophanes’s Lysistrata. She effectively addresses feminism (as demonstrated by theories of Sheila Jeffreys and Naomi Wolf) through transgressive writing for a contemporary audience. Ruden allows her characters to establish a speech community through their language. The argument that Ruden’s translation is superior is supported by a comparison of several passages of Ruden’s Lysistrata to other translations, an examination of selected criticism of Ruden’s Lysistrata, and a look at Ruden’s own commentary about her play.
War Games / Puro Vacilón

The idea of the serious game as a metaphor and as an actuality comes up in constantly in border surveillance. This article looks at two contrasting examples of interactive performances that we are asked (asked?) to take seriously (?): the US border–related reenactment pieces Pulpo and Oracle by Mexico City–based artist Yoshua Okon, and the “Caminata nocturna” created by the indigenous collaborators in the EcoAlberto tourism park. These case studies provide useful instances in which we can think about how technology and transculturation intervene in border spaces, and how those spaces are mediated by an uneasy flip between seriousness and vacilon, where gravity and levity are somewhat incongruously and overtly intertwined. Resumen La idea del juego serio como metafora y realidad surge constantemente en la vigilancia fronteriza. Este articulo explora dos ejemplos contrastantes de performances interactivos que piden tomarse en serio—o no. Se estudia dos obras de recreacion historica con temas relacionados a la frontera entre Mexico y Estados Unidos por Yoshua Okon, artista basado en Mexico DF, y la “Caminata nocturna” creado por colaboradores indigenas del parque de turismo EcoAlberto. Estos casos ofrecen instancias utiles para pensar la intervencion de tecnologia y transculturacion en espacios fronterizos, y como estos espacios se mediatizan por un vaiven entre seriedad y vacilon, donde se entrelazan, de forma a veces incongruente y abierto, la ligereza y la gravedad.
Integrating Structural and Stratigraphic Field Data to Build a Tectonic Model for the Mid-Atlantic Appalachian Orogenic Cycle

Abstract The chapter describes a semester-long project that explores how stratigraphic, structural, and tectonic principles have produced the regional geology of western Virginia and eastern West Virginia. During four all-day field trips, upper-level geoscience majors visit outcrops along two transects running from the Blue Ridge Province in the east, across the Valley and Ridge province, to the Allegheny Front in the west. On each field trip, students work in two or three person teams to collect stratigraphic and structural data that provide information about regional Appalachian tectonics. Students use this field data to draft cross-sections that highlight plutonic, volcanic, metamorphic, and in particular the stratigraphic sequence and structural deformation that characterize the tectonic history of the Mid-Atlantic region over the past billion years. Example cross-section and outcrop-scale exercises highlight specific components of the project. Students complete the project with a tectonic synthesis of the region that interprets depositional and deformation features within the context of theoretical models.
A (Macro)Molecular-Level Understanding of Polymer Network Topology

Topology plays a critical role in dictating the properties of many materials. In recent years, with advances in synthetic and characterization techniques, substantial efforts have been made to decipher the topology of networks of interconnected molecules, i.e., polymer networks. Here, we discuss classical challenges in the field and review existing strategies to characterize and manipulate polymer network topology from a (macro)molecular level. Several given examples demonstrate how these developments prompted us to revisit structure–property relationships in polymer networks and enabled the preparation of novel functional materials. Finally, we critically examine limitations in current approaches and discuss future perspectives of the field.
Development of digital biomarkers for resting tremor and bradykinesia using a wrist-worn wearable device

Objective assessment of Parkinson's disease symptoms during daily life can help improve disease management and accelerate the development of new therapies. However, many current approaches require the use of multiple devices, or performance of prescribed motor activities, which makes them ill-suited for free-living conditions. Furthermore, there is a lack of open methods that have demonstrated both criterion and discriminative validity for continuous objective assessment of motor symptoms in this population. Hence, there is a need for systems that can reduce patient burden by using a minimal sensor setup while continuously capturing clinically meaningful measures of motor symptom severity under free-living conditions. We propose a method that sequentially processes epochs of raw sensor data from a single wrist-worn accelerometer by using heuristic and machine learning models in a hierarchical framework to provide continuous monitoring of tremor and bradykinesia. Results show that sensor derived continuous measures of resting tremor and bradykinesia achieve good to strong agreement with clinical assessment of symptom severity and are able to discriminate between treatment-related changes in motor states.
Management of median cleft lip

Median cleft or midline cleft is a congenital vertical cleft through the center of the upper lip. Median facial anomalies are broadly divided into those with a deficiency of tissue and those with normal or excessive amount of tissue. The main objective of concern during surgery is both functional and esthetics.
A Workshop on Interrupting Microaggressions for a Surgical Service: An Opportunity for Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry to Address Bias and Inequity.

Introduction Despite the growing body of literature discussing the impact of microaggressions on health care providers and patients, there has been no discussion of microaggressions in consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry literature. Intervention As a C-L fellow (JS) and an early career C-L psychiatrist (CW), we were asked to assist a surgical training program in creating a workshop on recognizing and interrupting microaggressions in the health care setting, particularly those directed towards providers. We describe the structure of our workshop and discuss the potential role for C-L psychiatrists in facing microaggressions. Findings Many workshop participants described having witnessed microaggressions but had not spoken about them and felt unsure about how to respond to them. Drawing on the interpersonal skills we use in our C-L work, we were able to educate and support the group as well as facilitate discussion and problem-solving. Significance Our experience suggests that as C-L psychiatrists integrated within the medical system, we are well-suited to educate ourselves and our colleagues about microaggressions. Literature describing similar “liaison” roles suggests that work on microaggressions may be a reasonable expansion of our scope of practice and may offer a fruitful avenue for our field to facilitate progress.
Isolating the effect of compulsory voting laws on political sophistication: Leveraging intra-national variation in mandatory voting laws between the Austrian Provinces

Abstract Compulsory voting laws introduce a legal requirement to vote that substantially increases in voter turnout. Additionally, this study provides evidence that a legal requirement to vote also generates a more politically informed population. A comparative case study leverages intra-national variation in mandatory voting regulations across the Austrian Provinces over time. The analysis constructs novel measures intended to quantify recent and accumulated exposure to compulsory voting laws. The results suggest that exposure to mandatory voting laws caused Austrian citizens to increase their political interest and attention to political news, as well as their level of information about party platforms on whether or not to expand EU integration. As a whole, the study suggests that compulsory voting not only increases voter turnout; it also leads to an increase in political information.
The Natural Step

This note explains "The Natural Step" framework, an educational and implementational tool used by corporations to incorporate environmental programs and sustainability principles into strategy and operations. The note provides a short history of The Natural Step organization and a description of the process by which the framework was developed. The four systemic conditions of The Natural Step are presented as principles to guide decision making. Hundreds of companies are now using The Natural Step; the note provides short descriptions of a handful of these companies. Excerpt UVA-ENT-0039 Rev. Oct. 13, 2009 THE NATURAL STEP Introduction The list of environmental concerns challenging industry and society is sobering in their far-reaching character: · exponential population growth . . .
The effect of sex and BMI on outcomes in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy.

e21085Background: Recent studies suggest that among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immunotherapy (IT), those who are male and/or have higher body mass index (BMI) benefit ...
Traumatic Brain Injury–Related Hospitalizations and Deaths in Urban and Rural Counties—2017

Study objective A better understanding of differences in traumatic brain injury incidence by geography may help inform resource needs for local communities. This paper presents estimates on traumatic brain injury–related hospitalizations and deaths by urban and rural county of residence. Methods To estimate the incidence of traumatic brain injury–related hospitalizations, data from the 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample were analyzed (n=295,760). To estimate the incidence of traumatic brain injury–related deaths, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Vital Statistics System multiple-cause-of-death files were analyzed (n=61,134). Datasets were stratified by residence, sex, principal mechanism of injury, and age group. Traumatic brain injury–related hospitalizations were also stratified by insurance status and hospital location. Results The rate of traumatic brain injury–related hospitalizations was significantly higher among urban (70.1 per 100,000 population) than rural residents (61.0), whereas the rate of traumatic brain injury–related deaths was significantly higher among rural (27.5) than urban residents (17.4). These patterns held for both sexes, individuals age 55 and older, and within the leading mechanisms of injury (ie, suicide, unintentional falls). Among patients with Medicare or Medicaid, the rate of traumatic brain injury–related hospitalizations was higher among urban residents; there was no urban/rural difference with other types of insurance. Nearly all (99.6%) urban residents who were hospitalized for a traumatic brain injury received care in an urban hospital. Additionally, approximately 80.3% of rural residents were hospitalized in an urban hospital. Conclusion Urban residents had a higher rate of traumatic brain injury–related hospitalizations, whereas rural residents had a higher rate of traumatic brain injury–related deaths. This disparity deserves further study using additional databases that assess differences in mechanisms of injury and strategies to improve access to emergency care among rural residents.
A site-specific mutation within the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase of Rhodospirillum rubrum.

In vitro mutagenic techniques have generated an asp-->glu substitution at residue 198 adjacent to the carbamate-divalent metal ion binding site of Rhodospirillum rubrum ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. A single C-->A nucleotide change in the coding strand created the mutant and introduced a new EcoRI restriction site on the expression plasmid pRR2119. Although the carboxylase:oxygenase ratio remained the same, the mutant enzyme had slightly altered kinetic properties. The e.p.r. spectra of the quaternary complexes enzyme.activator carbamate.Mn.2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate and enzyme.activator carbamate.Mn.4-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate for mutant and wild-type enzymes were different, indicating that the metal ion was in a slightly altered environment. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that, besides the carbamate at lys 201, the carboxyl group of asp 198 contributes to the formation of the divalent metal ion binding site.
Lingual nerve injury following the use of an oropharyngeal airway under endotracheal general anesthesia

We report a patient who presented for elective myomectomy. Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation were achieved smoothly without unduly force. An oropharyngeal airway was inserted after endotracheal intubation for biting and was left in the oral cavity until the end of surgery. Two days after surgery, the patient complained of numbness on the right side of her tongue. Neurological examination revealed an area of hypesthesia about 1 cm in diameter on the right side of the tongue tip. The motor function, taste perception, and speech articulation were all intact. A right lingual nerve lesion with terminal branch involvement was diagnosed. The patient was then reassured and discharged home. At the 4-week follow-up, spontaneous resolution occurred. After reviewing the history, we speculated that the mechanism of nerve injury in this case was a direct compression of the tongue tip by the oropharyngeal airway. This is the first report of lingual nerve injury caused by improper placement of the oropharyngeal airway. We recommend careful manipulation in the use of the oropharyngeal airway and vigilant surveillance being undertaken when an oropharyngeal airway is left in place for a prolonged period.
Telescoping, rational-valued series, and zeta functions

We give an effective procedure for determining whether or not a series Σ N n=M r (n) telescopes when r (n) is a rational function with complex coefficients. We give new examples of series (*)Σ∞ n=1 r (n), where r (n) is a rational function with integer coefficients, that add up to a rational number. Generalizations of the Euler phi function and the Riemann zeta function are involved. We give an effective procedure for determining which numbers of the form (*) are rational. This procedure is conditional on 3 conjectures, which are shown to be equivalent to conjectures involving the linear independence over the rationals of certain sets of real numbers. For example, one of the conjectures is shown to be equivalent to the well-known conjecture that the set {ζ (s): s = 2,3,4,...} is linearly independent, where ζ (s) = Σn -s is the Riemann zeta function. Some series of the form Σ n s ( r √n, r √n+1,..., r √n+k), where s is a quotient of symmetric polynomials, are shown to be telescoping, as is Σ1/(n! + (n-1)!). Quantum versions of these examples are also given.
Lessons for Medicare Part D in the hemodialysis community

Background Medicare beneficiaries without prescription drug coverage consistently fill fewer prescriptions than beneficiaries with some form of drug coverage due to cost. ESRD patients, who are disproportionately poor and typically use multiple oral medications, would likely benefit substantially from any form of prescription drug coverage. Because most hemodialysis patients are Medicare-eligible, they as well as their providers would be expected to be well informed of changes in Medicare prescription drug coverage. By examining the level of understanding and use of the temporary Medicare Prescription Drug Discount Card Program in the hemodialysis population, we can gain a better understanding of the potential long-term utilization for Medicare Part D.
HEPGRID2001: A Model of a Virtual Data Grid Application

Future high energy physics experiments will require huge distributed computational infrastructures, called data grids, to satisfy their data processing and analysis needs. This paper records the current understanding of the demands that will be put on a data grid around 2006, by the hundreds of physicists working with data from the CMS experiment. The current understanding is recorded by defining a model of this CMS physics analysis application running on a 'virtual data grid' as proposed by the GriPhyN project. The complete model consists of a hardware model, a data model, and an application workload model. The main utility of the HEPGRID2001 model is that it encodes high energy physics (HEP) application domain knowledge and makes it available in a form that is understandable for the CS community, so that architectural and performance requirements for data grid middleware components can be derived.
An Estimate of the North Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity for the 2010 Hurricane Season

Estimates are presented for the tropical cyclone activity expected for the 2010 North Atlantic basin hurricane season. It is anticipated that the 2010 season will be more active than the 2009 season, reflecting increased frequencies more akin to that of the current more active phase that has been in vogue since 1995. Averages (+/- 1 sd) during the current more active phase are 14.5+/-4.7, 7.8+/-3.2, 3.7+/-1.8, and 2+/- 2, respectively, for the number of tropical cyclones (NTC), the number of hurricanes (NH), the number of major hurricanes (NMH), and the number of United States (U.S.) land-falling hurricanes (NUSLFH). Based on the "usual" behavior of the 10-yma parametric first differences, one expects NTC = 19+/-2, NH = 14+/-2, NMH = 7+/-2, and NUSLFH = 4+/-2 for the 2010 hurricane season; however, based on the "best guess" 10-yma values of surface-air temperature at the Armagh Observatory (Northern Ireland) and the Oceanic Nino Index, one expects NTC > or equals 16, NH > or equals 14, NMH > or equals 7, and NUSLFH > or equals 6.
Constraint Programming for Distributed Resource Allocation

Constraint based techniques offer a promising approach to coordinating a set of agents in solving a distributed resource allocation problem. Distributed resource allocation is a general problem in which a set of agents must intelligently assign their resources to a set of tasks such that all tasks are performed with respect to certain criteria. This problem arises in many real-world domains such as distributed sensor networks [4], disaster rescue[2], hospital scheduling[1], and others.
Combining replication and parity approaches for fault-tolerant disk arrays

We explore the method of combining the replication and parity approaches to tolerate multiple disk failures in a disk array. In addition to the conventional mirrored and chained declustering methods, a method based on the hybrid of mirrored-and-chained declustering is explored. A performance study that explores the effect of combining replication and parity approaches is conducted. It is experimentally shown that the proposed approach can lead to the most cost-effective solution if the objective is to sustain the same load as before the failures. >
Isogeometric analysis of integral equations using subdivision

Isogeometric analysis (IGA) has recently become popular in computational science during the past decade or so. IGA tries to to unify both geometric and field representation; in other words, both the geometry and the fields are represented using the same underlying basis set. However, while the concept of IGA for differential equations is more common, extension to an integral equation framework is significantly more challenging. In this work, we present for the first time, the IGA as applied to integral equations encountered in electromagnetics. The presented approach relies on the subdivision scheme for both geometry and function representation. Results presented attest to the viability of the method.
OVIPOSITION IN CHICKENS AFTER REMOVAL OF THE POSTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY BY AN IMPROVED METHOD.

Removal of the posterior lobe of the pituitary, by an improved method, on the day before the terminal (Ct) oviposition of the hen’s 2-egg sequence did not prevent or delay the onset of normal Ct lay, or of premature Ct lay induced by subsequent piqure of the preoptic brain. The completeness of lobectomy was verified histologically. (Endocrinology 76: 673, 1965)
Stimulation of the inferior olivary complex alters the distribution of the type 1 corticotropin releasing factor receptor in the adult rat cerebellar cortex

In a previous study, it was shown that populations of climbing fibers, derived from the inferior olivary complex (IOC) contain the peptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and that the expression of this peptide in climbing fibers could be modulated by the level of activity in olivary afferents. The intent of this study was to determine if there was comparable plasticity in the distribution of the type 1 CRF receptor (CRF-R1) in the cerebellum of the rat. Our results indicate that CRF-R1 was localized primarily to Purkinje cell somata and their primary dendrites and granule cells. In addition, scattered immunolabeling was present over the somata of Golgi cells, basket cells and stellate cells, as well as Bergmann glial cells and their processes. IOC stimulation for 30 min at 1 Hz increased CRF-R1 expression in molecular layer interneurons and processes of Bergmann glial cells. Little to no effect on CRF receptor distribution was observed in Purkinje cells, granule cells, or Golgi cells. IOC stimulation at 5 Hz however, increased CRF-R1 expression in the processes of Bergmann glial cells while decreasing its expression in basket, stellate and, to some extent, in Purkinje cells. The present results suggest that there is activity-dependent plasticity in CRF-R1 expression that must be considered in defining the mechanism by which the CRF family of peptides modulates activity in cerebellar circuits. The present results also suggest that the primary targets of CRF released from climbing fibers are Bergmann glial cells and interneurons in the molecular layer. Further, interneurons responded with a decrease in receptor expression following more intense levels of stimulation suggesting the possibility of internalization of the receptor. In contrast, Bergmann glial cells showed an increased expression in receptor expression. These data suggest that CRF released from climbing fibers may modulate the physiological properties of basket and stellate cells as well as having a heretofore unidentified and potentially unique effect on Bergmann glia.
Resistivity drops at >240 K and diamagnetic ac susceptibility up to 300 K in rapidly consolidated YBCO

Abstract Bulk samples of the Y-Ba-Cu-O 1-2-3 phase were consolidated to > 99% of theoretical density using a process based on a high electric current discharge through the powders prior to consolidation at 900°C for less than 15 min. Resistivity-temperature curves repeatedly showed transition onsets in as-consolidated samples from 240 to 278 K. ac-susceptibility measurements revealed diamagnetic behavior (negative susceptibilities) at temperatures above 160 and up to 300 K. While these data are not clear signatures of bulk superconductivity, the current discharge step in our process might be responsible for surface effects which give rise to the resistivity drops and diamagnetic susceptibility above 240 K. The remarkably short time (
Tensile bond strengths of provisional luting agents used with an implant system.

Abstract Statement of problem. Retrievability of cemented implant-supported fixed prostheses is desirable. Retentive strengths of new provisional luting agents have not been reported. Purpose. This study compared the tensile bond strengths of 6 provisional luting agents when used with cemented superstructures and 1 implant system. Material and methods. Ten castings were fabricated and randomly paired with abutment specimens. Castings were cemented and the assemblies were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 48 hours. Tensile bond strength necessary to remove each casting was measured with a 500-kg load and a crosshead speed of 0.5 cm/min. Crown/abutment specimens were cleaned after testing, and the testing procedure was repeated for a total of 6 luting agents (n = 10). Data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and Scheffe's analysis (α=.05). Results. Tensile bond strengths ranged between 1.29 and 4.08 MPa. The lowest tensile bond strengths were found to be statistically similar between Temp Bond and Provilink luting agents. Neo-Temp luting agent exhibited the highest tensile bond strength ( P Conclusions. Temp Bond and Provilink luting agents exhibited the lowest mean tensile bond strengths. Neo-Temp luting agent exhibited a tensile bond strength more than 3 times that of Temp Bond luting agent. (J Prosthet Dent 1999;81:510-4.)
Nibbling and Picking in Obese Patients with Binge Eating Disorder

Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to examine the clinical utility of nibbling behavior, defined as eating in an unplanned and repetitious manner between meals and snacks without a sense of loss of control, in obese patients with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Methods Two-hundred seventeen (N = 217) consecutive, treatment-seeking, obese patients with BED were assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). Nibbling frequency was examined in relation to current weight, eating disorder psychopathology and eating patterns. Results Results found that nibbling/picking was not related to body mass index, objective bulimic, subjective bulimic, or overeating episodes, food avoidance, sensitivity to weight gain, or any subscales of the EDE. However, nibbling/picking was significantly related to frequency of morning and afternoon snacking (r = .21, p = .002; r = .27, p Discussion The assessment of nibbling/picking behaviors among individuals with BED might not provide clinically significant information.
The role of bisphosphonates in the treatment of bone metastases--the U.S. experience.

Frequent complications of bone metastases include pain, pathologic fracture, hypercalcemia and spinal cord compression. Lytic bone metastases result from excessive activation of osteoclasts by tumor-produced cytokines. Aredia (pamidronate) is a potent bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast activation. In two dose-seeking phase I trials in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer, repeated intravenous infusion of Aredia was shown to be safe and effective in reducing bone resorption and pain. In a randomized phase III trial of 377 patients with multiple myeloma, Aredia was administered in a dosage of 90 mg i.v. every 4 weeks. Compared with placebo, treatment with Aredia was associated with a significant decrease in bone pain and in the incidence and time to development of all skeleton-related events. Data from two phase III breast cancer trials each involving 300 patients are now being analyzed. The newer bisphosphonates can safely be used together with standard anticancer therapy to provide effective palliation of symptoms caused by lytic bone metastases.
Alprazolam pharmacokinetics in Women on low-dose oral contraceptives

Sixteen women chronically using low-dose estrogen-containing oral contraceptive steroids (OCs) and 23 drug-free control women received a single 1-mg oral dose of alprazolam. Multiple plasma samples drawn during 48 hours after the dose were analyzed by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. There were no significant differences between controls and oral contraceptive users in alprazolam volume of distribution (1.27 versus 1.39 L/kg), elimination half-life (11.9 versus 12.3 hours), total clearance (1.36 versus 1.39 mL/min/kg), or total area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (227 versus 243 ng/mL X hr). Alprazolam free fraction in plasma was slightly but significantly greater in the oral contraceptive group as opposed to the control group (28.4 versus 27.0% unbound), respectively. However, comparison of free clearance between groups revealed no significant difference (4.61 versus 4.89 mL/min/kg, respectively). Thus, low-dose estrogen-containing oral contraceptives do not significantly influence the metabolic clearance of alprazolam.
Electronic structures of FeB, Fe2B, and Fe3B compounds studied using first-principles spin-polarized calculations.

The band structures of the ferromagnetic compounds FeB, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$B, and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$B were calculated using a spin-polarized version of the first-principles self-consistent orthogonalized linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals method. Results on the band structure, density of states (DOS), and site-, orbital-, and spin-decomposed partial DOS are presented. Mulliken population analysis indicates B to be an electron accepter in these compounds due to the low-lying levels of the B 2s and B 2p states relative to the Fermi level. It is also shown that the moment on B is slightly polarized opposite to the Fe moments. The magnetic structure and bonding in these three compounds are further revealed by the presentation of contour maps for the charge density and the spin density. Our calculation shows an average spin magnetic moment of 1.26, 1.95, and 1.94${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ per Fe site and -0.10, -0.23, and -0.29${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ per B site in FeB, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$B, and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$B, respectively. The results are in reasonable agreement with photoemission and neutron-scattering measurements. The nature of the Fe-B bond is discussed in connection with the electronic structure of ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{14}$B intermetallic compounds and that of the ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathit{x}}$ metallic glasses.
Older adults' alcohol consumption and late-life drinking problems: a 20-year perspective.

Aims The aim was to identify changes in patterns of alcohol consumption over a 20-year interval among older women and men, and to examine the associations between guideline-defined excessive drinking and late-life drinking problems.
Regeneration of taste buds after reinnervation by peripheral or central sensory fibers of vagal ganglia.

Abstract Denervation causes the degeneration and disappearance of taste buds in the rat's vallate papilla. Buds will, however, reappear after reinnervation by the glossopharyngeal (self-reinnervation), vagus, or chorda tympani nerves. In all previous reinnervation studies, the anastomosis of the reinnervating nerve was performed distal to the sensory ganglia, that is, with peripheral fibers of the ganglia. The present experiment was performed to determine whether buds would reappear after reinnervation by central fibers of the gustatory ganglia. The vallate papilla of adult male rats was studied after denervation and after reinnervation by peripheral (superior and nodose) or central (nodose) sensory fibers of the vagus nerve. All taste buds disappeared from the papilla within 2 weeks after denervation and, in the absence of innervation, none reappeared. Buds were found, however, 5 months after reinnervation by peripheral or central sensory fibers of the vagus nerve. The regenerated buds were found only in their normal location in the trench walls, and not in the epithelium on the top of the papilla or in the epithelium surrounding it. Although more buds were present after peripheral than after central reinnervation, the results demonstrate that either peripheral or central sensory fibers of gustatory ganglia can cause taste bud regeneration. Despite the known morphological and physiological differences between peripheral and central fibers of gustatory sensory ganglia, each can exert a trophic influence sufficient to cause bud regeneration.
Dielectric resonator antennas with different applications

Recently, dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) have been studied and found to be efficient radiator for wideband applications. The DRA has many advantages over microstrip antennas such as wideband, small size and high radiation efficiency. The stacked dielectric resonator is considered as an example of wide band DRA. A small linear array is considered to show that the mutual coupling has no significant effect beyond the neighboring four elements. Also, a single fed hexagonal DRA is considered for circular polarization.
Effect of hypertonic saline injections and water deprivation on drinking, serum osmolality and gut water

Abstract Drinking was studied in rats water-deprived 0–60 hr and in satiated rats injected with 8 per cent NaCl by intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, subcutaneous with procaine, and intragastric injections. The intraperitoneal injection produced the most drinking in 2 hr and the subcutaneous with procaine and the stomach injection produced the least. Water intakes increased with hr of deprivation. Serum osmolality and water content of the gut were measured in both water-deprived and salt-injected rats. The intraperitoneal and intravenous injections produced increases in serum osmolality as high as that produced by 60 hr of water deprivation, yet the deprived rats drank more than twice as much as the injected rats. The stomach injection produced almost no change in serum osmolality and the 2 subcutaneous injections caused a rise in serum osmolality slightly less than the intraperitoneal and intravenous injections. Both relative and absolute water content of the large and small intestine declined with hr of water deprivation. Salt injections affected relative water content of all the gut segments, but the nature of the change varied with the gut segment and the time after injection. None of the injections produced the loss in absolute gut water caused by 24–60 hr of water deprivation, although several injections produced relative gut water content equal to that produced by 60 hr of water deprivation. The intravenous injection produced a greater urine flow and a more rapid excretion of the salt load than any of the other injections.
Theoretical study of the aluminum melting curve to very high pressure

A detailed theoretical study of the Al melting curve from normal melting conditions to pressures in the vicinity of 2 Mbar is presented. The analysis is based on two parallel, but distinct, treatments of the metal: the first from rigorous generalized pseudopotential theory involving first-principles nonlocal pseudopotentials and the second from a parametrized local pseudopotential model which has been accurately fit to first-principles band-theory and experimental equation-of-state data. Both treatments utilize full lattice-dynamical calculations of the phonon free energy in the solid, within the harmonic approximation, and fluid variational theory to obtain the free energy of the liquid. Particular attention is focused on the choice of the reference system in implementing the fluid variational theory. It is shown that in Al the soft-sphere model of Ross produces a lower (and hence more accurate) liquid free energy than either the hard-sphere or one-component-plasma reference systems, and is, moreover, necessary to obtain a reasonable quantitative description of the melting properties. With the soft-sphere system, the two theoretical treatments give results in good overall agreement with each other and with experiment. In particular, melting on the shock Hugoniot is predicted to begin at about 1.2 Mbar and to end at about 1.55 Mbar,more » in excellent agreement with the recent preliminary measurements of McQueen.« less
Calcium Intake and Barriers to Calcium Consumption Among Low-Income African-American Women in Louisiana

The purpose of this study was to examine calcium intake and to identify possible barriers to calcium consumption among low-income African-American women in southwestern Louisiana. Assessment of dietary calcium intake and demographic factors associated with calcium consumption were identified. In addition, the respondents' knowledge of the relationship between calcium and certain disease states were investigated. The study utilized a convenience sample consisting of 89 African-American women in and around Lafayette, Louisiana. Results suggested that calcium intake for African-American women were below the ADA recommended levels. In addition, there was an apparent deficiency in knowledge of potential food sources of calcium, and most respondents were not aware of the relationship between chronic low calcium intakes and related medical conditions.
Cronin Effect from Backward to Forward Rapidity: A Tale of Two Misteries

I discuss recent experimental data on the Cronin effect in deuteron-gold collisions at the top RHIC energy, in a pseudorapidity range η∈[−2, 3]. Two theoretical approaches are compared and contrasted: the pQCD-based Glauber-Eikonal model and Colour Glass Condensate models. Neither can describe the Cronin effect over the whole pseudorapidity interval up to now explored experimentally, its most mysterious and intriguing part being at negative rapidity.
The kinetics of bivalent ligand-bivalent receptor aggregation: Ring formation and the breakdown of the equivalent site approximation

Abstract When bivalent ligands capable of bridging binding sites on two different receptors interact with bivalent receptors, aggregates form. The aggregates can be of two types: chains (open structures containing n receptors, n − 1 doubly bound ligands and 0, 1, or 2 singly bound ligands) and rings (closed structures containing n receptors and n doubly bound ligands). Both types of aggregates have been detected experimentally. In general, to determine the time dependence of the concentration of any particular aggregate requires solving an infinite set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Perelson and DeLisi [19] showed that great simplification results if all receptor binding sites are equivalent, i.e., the binding properties of a site on a receptor are independent of the size of the aggregate the receptor is in. If only chains form, the problem reduces to solving two coupled ODEs for the concentrations of singly and doubly bound ligands. From the solutions to these ODEs, the time dependence of the entire aggregate size distribution can be determined. We show that the equivalent site approximation as formulated by Perelson and DeLisi [19] is incompatible with ring formation. We then present a modified equivalent site approximation that is useful if chains of any size can form but rings above a certain size ( k ) cannot. We show how to reduce the resulting infinite set of coupled ODEs to a closed system of at most 4 k + 2 ODEs for the ligand concentrations, the ring concentrations, and the concentrations of all chains up to size k . Although we can only predict the kinetics of aggregate formation for aggregates of size k or less, at equilibrium the modified equivalent site approximation yields the complete aggregate size distribution.
Collisionally activated dissociation and electron capture dissociation of several mass spectrometry-identifiable chemical cross-linkers.

One of the challenges in protein interaction studies with chemical cross-linking stems from the complexity of intra-, inter-, and dead-end cross-linked peptide mixtures. We have developed new cross-linkers to study protein−protein interactions with mass spectrometry to improve the ability to deal with this complexity. Even the accurate mass capabilities of FTICR-MS alone cannot unambiguously identify cross-linked peptides from cell-labeling experiments due to the complexity of these mixtures resultant from the enormous number of possible cross-linked species. We have developed novel cross-linkers that have unique fragmentation features in the gas phase. The characteristics of these cross-linkers combined with the accurate mass capability of FTICR-MS can help distinguish cross-linking reaction products and assign protein identities. These cross-linkers that we call protein interaction reporters (PIRs) have been constructed with two reactive groups attached through two bonds that can be preferentially cleav...
Reversed Development and Cellular Aging in an Insect

Larvae of the beetle Trogoderma glabrum undergo partially reversed development when deprived of food and water. Retrogressive larval ecdyses occur, and the larvae become diminished in size and weight. Given food, the larvae regrow, ecdyze, and regain their previous degree of maturity. Repeated cycles of retrogression and regrowth are possible. Although larval in form and organ differentiation, repeatedly retrogressed insects display a physiological deterioration suggestive of aging. A deterioration of the ability to regrow is accompanied by increasing fat body polyploidy.
Applications of the modified Cantwell-Ransley epispadias repair in the exstrophy-epispadias complex.

Abstract Objective The Cantwell–Ransley technique is the most popular and widely used approach to epispadias repair. This is an evaluation and update of the long-term results of using the modified Cantwell–Ransley technique for epispadias repair. Patients and methods The modified Cantwell–Ransley epispadias repair technique was performed on 129 boys of which 97 had classic bladder exstrophy and 32 complete epispadias. For 106 boys this was primary urethral repair (82 with classic exstrophy, 24 with epispadias) and for the other 23 boys it was a repeat repair (15 with exstrophy, eight with epispadias). Results At a mean follow-up of 88 months, 120 had a penis that was inclined downward or horizontally while standing. In patients with exstrophy, fistulae were noted in 16% and 33% after primary and repeat urethral repair, respectively. In patients with epispadias, fistulae were noted in 13% and 25% after primary and secondary repair, respectively. In total, five boys with a fistula appearing in the immediate postoperative period following primary urethral repair demonstrated spontaneous healing by 3 months' follow-up. Urethral stricture requiring treatment developed in nine patients. Minor wound infection and skin separation occurred in nine with exstrophy and three with epispadias. Endoscopic examination or catheterization in 120 cases revealed an easily manipulated neourethra. Of 15 sexually active patients, all reported orgasms and ejaculation with a straight penis on erection, although one has complained that his penis is shorter since surgery. Conclusions The modified Cantwell–Ransley technique for epispadias repair produces durable functional and cosmetic results, and fewer major complications than seen with other repairs. Fistulae occurring after primary urethral repair may close spontaneously, but all those occurring after repeat closure will require further surgery.
The destruction of vitamin a by rancid cod liver oil

1. Vitamin A was destroyed in cod liver oil as rancidity developed. 2. Vitamin A was destroyed at lower peroxide values when rancidity developed at room temperature than when it was accelerated by aeration at 100°C. 3. It is suggested that not only vitamin A, but other biological properties of oils are not equally affected by rancidity produced in different ways and at different rates, and that peroxide value may not necessarily be parallel to that of other changes which take place in an oil as rancidity develops.
Differential effects of cannabinoid exposure and stress on plasma prolactin, growth hormone and corticosterone levels in male mice.

Abstract Plasma prolactin (PRL) levels were reduced in stressed and non-stressed male mice after a single dose of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive constituent of marihuana, while growth hormone (GH) levers were reduced only in non-stressed animals. Chronic treatment with THC did not affect PRL or GH levels under either condition. Neither acute nor repeated exposure to THC affected plasma corticosterone levels. In contrast to the affects of THC, acute exposure to cannabinol (CBN), a non-psychoactive ingredient in marihuana, increased plasma GH levels in non-stressed mice, while repeated CBN treatments reduced GH levels in stressed animals. Moreover, chronic CBN exposure resulted in decreased peripheral levels of corticosterone in both stressed and non-stressed mice, and reduced plasma PRL levels in stressed mice. Psychoactive and non-psychoactive components of marihuana can exert different effects on endocrine function and on responsivity to stress in male mice.
Recombinant human milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 produces dose-dependent benefits in sepsis.

Animal milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) has been shown to be beneficial in attenuating the inflammatory response in sepsis. In this study, we examined the effect of recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) in an animal model of sepsis in an effort to develop it as a potential therapy against sepsis in humans. Rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and at 5 h post-CLP, they were given different doses of rhMFG-E8 (20, 40, 80, 160 μg/kg BW) in normal saline. At 20 h post-CLP, samples were collected for further analysis. A 10-day survival study was also performed. At 20 h after CLP, organ injury indicators, serum IL-6 and TNF-α, and plasma HMGB-1 levels were significantly increased as compared to sham-operated animals. Treatment with 20 μg/kg rhMFG-E8 significantly reduced these levels. With higher doses, further reductions in AST and ALT (59–62%), creatinine (65–68%), and lactate (46–57%), and serum IL-6 and TNF-α were obtained. The 160 μg/kg dose produced the greatest reduction in serum TNF-α. With treatment with 20 μg/kg rhMFG-E8, HMGB-1 levels decreased by 80%, returning back to sham values. In a 10-day survival study, vehicle-treated animals produced a 36% survival rate, while rhMFG-E8 significantly improved the survival rate to 68–72%. Treatment with increasing doses of rhMFG-E8 significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells detected and markedly attenuated the tissue damages observed in the lungs. These data suggest that recombinant human MFG-E8 is beneficial in ameliorating sepsis in an animal model of sepsis.
Patterned Electroless Nickel Plating on a Tacky Photopolymer

The feasibility of using a photopolymer as a substrate for electroless metal plating was demonstrated. This photopolymer was first patterned by polymerization on exposure to UV radiation. Then chemical surface modification with ethylenediamine allowed for fixation of palladium seed catalyst, without the implementation of a sensitization step, onto which nickel was deposited. A set of conditions was developed to successfully demonstrate the patterning of electroless nickel plating.