cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Standardized Patient Safety Checklist in Ophthalmic Surgery

Objective To develop and institute a standardized ophthalmology-specific operating room checklist, and to test adherence to the surgical checklist components after implementation. Design An ophthalmology-specific operative room checklist was developed using recommendations from surgical preoperative checklists from other subspecialties and checklists specific to cataract surgery. This standardized checklist was then implemented into the operating rooms. Operative room staff was trained on its use. Adherence to the checklist was measured prospectively. Setting Surgical centers at Kellogg Eye Center in Ann Arbor and Livonia, Michigan. Participants Patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery at the Livonia and Ann Arbor surgical centers. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s) The primary outcome measures were surgical team adherence to each category of the operative checklist (preop, prebrief, preanesthesia verification, time-out, intraocular lens measurement/confirmation for cataract cases, debrief). Adherence to the subsections of the operative checklist was measured during three periods over the course of 1 year: baseline, postintervention (after introduction of the checklist in all operating rooms), and postadjustment (after additional training was provided to operating room staff and incentives to collect data were provided to personnel responsible for collecting it). Results A total of 2,532 surgical cases were included in the analysis. Baseline adherence ranged from 87 to 90% across preop, prebrief, preanesthesia, and time-out verification sections of the operative checklist. After the institution of the intervention and adjustments, adherence to the surgical checklist improved significantly across all areas of the checklist to 97–98% (p Conclusions and Relevance The development and implementation of an ophthalmology-specific operative room checklist increase adherence to recommended safety checks prior to the start of surgery. To maximize patient safety, the same or similar checklist is recommended for use in all ophthalmology operating rooms.
Mimicking Leaky-Integrate-Fire Spiking Neuron Using Automotion of Domain Walls for Energy-Efficient Brain-Inspired Computing

Although an average human brain might not be able to compete with modern day computers in performing arithmetic operations, when it comes to recognition and classification tasks, biological systems are clear winners in terms of performance and energy efficiency. Building blocks of all such biological systems are neurons and synapses . In order to exploit the benefits of such systems, novel devices are being explored to mimic the behavior of neurons and synapses. We propose a leaky-integrate-fire (LIF) neuron using the physics of automotion in magnetic domain walls (DWs). Due to the shape anisotropy in a high-aspect ratio magnet, DW has a tendency to move automatically, without any external driving force. This property can be exploited to mimic the realistic dynamics of spiking neurons, without any extra energy penalty. We analyze the dynamics of a DW under automotion and show that it can be approximated to mimic the LIF neuronal dynamics. We propose a compact, energy-efficient magnetic neuron, which can directly be cascaded to memristive crossbar array of synapses, thereby evading additional interfacing circuitry. Furthermore, we develop a device-to-system-level behavioral model to underscore the applicability of the proposal in a typical handwritten-digit recognition application.
Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxins

In neuropsychopharmacology, there has been increasing emphasis on defining the functional synaptic circuitry of discrete neuronal pathways within the brain. A classical approach to this problem has relied upon electrothermic or surgical lesions to ablate cell bodies of origin or transect axonal bundles to cause orthograde degeneration of the pathway of interest. For example, such lesions have been employed by neurochemists to determine biochemical parameters specifically associated with or regulated by the pathway, by psychologists to evaluate the role of the pathway in certain behaviors, and by pharmacologists to probe sites of drug action. Unfortunately, the ablation of a discrete brain region results not only in damage to the neurons of interest but destruction of all axons within the lesion. As a consequence, anterograde and retrograde degeneration affecting other neuronal groups can seriously compromise interpretation of the specific association of the effects of the lesion with the pathway of interest. In addition, destructive techniques cannot be applied to the analysis of local circuit neurons since the lesion eliminates all neuronal constituents within its circumference.
The incidence of myocardial infarction after lumbar spine surgery.

As the population continues to age, the number of lumbar spine surgeries continues to increase. While there are many complications associated with lumbar surgeries, a myocardial infarction (MI) is a particularly devastating one. This complication is of considerable importance with mortality rates of postoperative MI documented between 26.5 and 70%. This study aimed to determine the relationship between lumbar surgeries, preoperative diagnoses (risk factors), and myocardial infarction. Data from the Humana database (PearlDiver) were analyzed from 2007 to 2016. Patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries were identified and stratified based on procedural approach, patient demographics, and preoperative risk factors. Each group was analyzed to determine the incidence and relative risk. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the significance. A total of 105,505 patients who fit inclusion criteria were identified in the PearlDiver database between 2007 and 2016. A total of 644 patients (0.63%) experienced a postoperative myocardial infarction within 30 days of surgery. Patients undergoing fusion and non-fusion procedures showed significantly different rates of postoperative myocardial infarction (0.08% vs. 0.05%, p 3 showed a considerable increase in incidence (p < 0.01). Furthermore, patients with preoperative risk factors (high cholesterol, obesity, depression, congestive heart failure, hypertension, and hypotension) exhibited risk ratios from 0.01 to 1.85 (p < 0.01). Preoperative risk factors, patient demographics, and procedure type had a significant effect on the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Water Requirements of Five Container-Grown Acer Species

Relative water demand, RWD, of 2-year-old containerized seedlings of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sugar maple (A. saccharum Marsh.), silver maple (A. saccharinum L.), Norway Maple (A. platanoides L....
Kallikrein 7 Promotes Atopic Dermatitis-Associated Itch Independently of Skin Inflammation

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly prevalent, itchy inflammatory skin disorder that is thought to arise from a combination of skin barrier defect and immune dysregulation. Kallikreins (KLK), a family of serine proteases with a diverse array of homeostatic functions, including skin desquamation and innate immunity, are hypothesized to contribute to AD pathogenesis. However, their precise role in AD has not been clearly defined. In this study, RNA sequencing analyses identified KLK7 as the most abundant and differentially expressed KLK in both human AD and murine AD-like skin. Further, in mice, Klk7 expression was localized to the epidermis in both steady state and inflammation. Unexpectedly, KLK7 was dispensable for the development of AD-associated skin inflammation. Instead, KLK7 was selectively required for AD-associated chronic itch. Even without the alleviation of skin inflammation, KLK7-deficient mice exhibited significantly attenuated scratching, compared with littermate controls, after AD-like disease induction. Collectively, our findings indicate that KLK7 promotes AD-associated itch independently from skin inflammation and reveal a previously unrecognized epidermal-neural mechanism of AD associated itch.
On the relative contributions of soot to radiative heat transfer at different oxygen indices in ethylene – O2/CO2 laminar diffusion flames

Abstract Soot concentration measurements in ethylene-O2/CO2 diffusion flames (fuel Re 120) encompassing oxidizer oxygen mole fractions (oxygen index, OI) of 35% to 90% were employed to validate a methodology for modeling soot production. A skeletal 10-step reaction mechanism and modeling the soot nucleation parameter (Cα) in the Moss-Brookes soot model as a function of OI provided adequate agreement with measurements. Cross-validation of the OI based Cα model was ascertained through ethylene-O2/CO2 diffusion flame simulations in a different experimental configuration (fuel Re 43, 35%-50% O2) by ensuring that peak soot concentrations were in good agreement with previously published results. A mesh resolution of 0.0625 mm within the flame was deemed necessary to obtain grid independent results. Despite increases in peak soot volume fractions and flame temperatures with OI, the radiant fraction (χR) (in-flame) decreases due to decreasing flame lengths. Although in-flame radiation is dominated by gases, the spectrally-continuous soot radiation plays an important role on χR (when it is assessed across the entire domain) due to the attenuation of flame radiation by the cold, radiatively-participating, co-flow. Consequently, in-flame radiation show a strong sensitivity to gas-radiative property models whereas χR when assessed across the entire domain is impacted by the choice of soot radiative property model.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6: A Disorder of Connectivity?

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 (SCA6) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, particularly in the vermis and surrounding regions, including lobule VI ([Panouilleres et al., 2017][1]). This disorder arises in adulthood (mean age of onset ∼45 years
Medical Management of Recurrent Left Ventricular Assist Device Thrombosis in a Patient With Biventricular Assist Devices.

Ventricular assist device (VAD) pump thrombosis is a known complication and while the preferred standard treatment is surgical pump exchange this procedure is not without risk and for some patients the risks are prohibitive. This is a case of a 68-year-old female with bilateral HeartWare ventricular assist devices (HVAD) implanted as destination therapy who presented with signs of recurrent pump thrombosis. Surgical pump exchange was deemed to confer prohibitive risk due to her underlying medical co-morbidities and therefore not an option for treatment. After careful consideration of possible options for treatment, she received systemic thrombolysis (Alteplase 5 mg IV bolus followed by 3 mg/hour infusion for 10 hours through a central line) which was successful. This case highlights, not only the rarity of bilateral VADs as destination therapy, but also demonstrates the safety and efficacy of using systemic thrombolytics in patients with bilateral HVADs for treatment of pump thrombosis.
Effects of deafness and sign language experience on the human brain: voxel-based and surface-based morphometry.

We investigated how deafness and sign language experience affect the human brain by comparing neuroanatomical structures across congenitally deaf signers (n = 30), hearing native signers (n = 30), ...
Clinical Conditions and Prescription Drug Utilization among Early Medical Marijuana Registrants in Florida

Initial legalization of medical marijuana (MM) in Florida required providers to submit initial and follow-up treatment plan forms to the University of Florida to support research on MM safety and efficacy. This study retrospectively analyzed all treatment plan forms submitted between program inception (August 2016) through July 2017 and describes early Florida MM registrants by clinical conditions and prescription drug utilization. Among 7,548 unique treatment plans, the initial visit was characterized by registrants who were mostly white (83.7%), 52.3 (SD 16.4) years of age on average, and who were assessed by the provider as at least moderately ill (79.6%). Musculoskeletal and spasticity-related conditions (44.8%), chronic pain (41.9%), and mental health disorders (17.0%) were the most frequent medical complaints for seeking MM treatment with more than one condition per patient possible. One in four (25.9%) patients reported use of prescription opioids and over one-fifth of patients frequently utilized at least one psychotropic medication as well as cardiovascular agents. There were 2,075 unique follow-up plans available which were mostly characterized by clinical improvement and reported reductions in utilization of some drug classes. Further research is needed to guide clinicians on the risks and benefits of MM used concomitantly with prescription drugs.
Virtue and Self-Love in Aristotle's Ethics

We are often told that there is a striking and important difference between ancient Greek moral philosophy and modern moral philosophy. Whereas the moderns emphasize principles of right action and what a person is obligated to do, ancient moral philosophy is concerned with character and what it is to be a good, that is, a virtuous human being. For the Greeks, virtue was not a matter of making our actions conform to a specific code of conduct or to the moral law. Instead, it was a matter of being in the right psychological state. This idea is explicit in Socrates’ famous claim that knowledge is sufficient for virtue: once we know that virtue is an indispensable means to the final good of eudaimonia, we will choose virtue.
Changes in the treatment of inpatient hyperglycemia: What every nurse practitioner should know about the 2012 Standards of Care

Purpose: To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with a review of the 2012 Standards of Care for the management of hospitalized patients who are hyperglycemic. Data sources: The 2012 American Diabetes Association's (ADA) Standards of Care for the treatment of inpatient hyperglycemia and selected evidence-based articles. Conclusions: Because hyperglycemia occurs at alarming rates in the inpatient setting when hyperglycemia is not controlled, there is a great impact on acute and even chronic conditions. These complications will lead to increased healthcare costs. Implications for practice: It is essential that NPs who care for hospitalized, hyperglycemic patients are aware of the 2012 ADA Standards of Care. To obtain CE credit for this activity, go to http://www.aanp.org and click on the CE Center. Locate the listing for this article and complete the post-test. Follow the instructions to print your CE certificate. Disclosure The authors report no competing interests.
Dare public school administrators build a new social order? Social justice and the possibly perilous politics of educational leadership

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss how public school administrators with a social justice perspective have an obligation to permeate society beyond their schools and how they might address the perilous politics associated with advocating social change. Using George Counts' landmark 1932 speech, Dare the School Build a New Social Order? as the conceptual lenses, it examines the relevancy of Counts' words for contemporary school leaders and professors of educational administration.Design/methodology/approach – While this article is historical in tone, the paper proposes pursuing a critical hermeneutic rather than a strictly historical approach.Findings – The paper finds that there are similarities between the present‐day call for social justice and the earlier Social Reconstructionist movement that Counts' manifesto sparked. Both movements have invited educators, and particularly the professoriate, to think more expansively when it comes to US public education, society at large, and the influence of educa...
Lecturing; Multimedia Classrooms

This manuscript was developed from Chapter 14 of Web-Teaching [Brooks, 1997]. It was selected by the editor as having the information for the widest audience of this Journal. The chapter includes two topics. The first encourages teachers to convert current lecture materials to Web-ready formats and use these for in-classroom lecture presentations. The second deals with issues of creating multimedia classrooms.
Membrane isolation and cytoskeletal breakdown: I. The effect of endogenous enzymes, ions, pH, temperature, and dissolved gases

Abstract A previously reported method for preparing muscle-cell membrane components transforms the contractile proteins of muscle-cell segments to a water-soluble state. The transformation is accompanied by the disappearance of forces banding myofibrils together. A common mechanism, the breakdown of a cytoskeleton, is believed responsible. The cytoskeleton probably consists of the endoplasmic reticulum and Z membrane network and, when intact, protects the myofibrillar proteins against the dissolving action of water, as well as bands individual myofibrils together. The cytoskeleton can be broken down by the activation of endogenous enzymes, by certain ions, or by combinations of the two. Dissolved gases and pH also exert influences. The process appears to be irreversible.
What we have learned from the magnetosphere

Three significant discoveries resulting from recent studies of earth's magnetosphere are discussed: (1) the central role of magnetic-field-line reconnection in determining the topology, geometry, and dynamics of the magnetosphere; (2) the realization that auroral arcs result from coupling of solar-wind stresses to the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere; and (3) the role of plasma turbulence in affecting both the microscopic state and macroscopic observables of the magnetospheric plasma. Magnetic-field-line reconnection is described in terms of Dungey's (1961) model of the magnetosphere, a simple picture of magnetic-substorm evolution is outlined, and questions concerning the reconnection rate are considered. The production of aurorae by field-aligned electron beams is examined, and an analogy is made between earth's magnetosphere and that of a pulsar with aligned dipole and spin axes. Plasma-turbulence problems are reviewed which concern anomalously fast electron and proton losses from the Van Allen belts, whistler-electron interactions, and anomalous resistance in auroral arcs. The Pioneer 10 encounter with Jupiter's magnetosphere is briefly noted.
Structure and function of the transplanted pituitary in the seawater goby, Gillichthys mirabilis. I. The rostral pars distalis.

Auto- and homotransplanted rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the pituitary of a euryhaline seawater fish, Gillichthys mirabilis, was studied by electron microscopy. In intact seawater fish, the RPD contains prolactin, ACTH, and stellate cells, as well as a portion of the neurohypophysis. Type “B” fibers make direct contact with prolactin cells and ACTH cells; some type “A” fibers are adjacent to ACTH cells. After transplantation into the connective tissue under the “tongue,” the pituitary became revascularized rapidly; it was clearly visible under the transparent mucosa even 50 days after transplantation. The prolactin cells of the graft exhibited cytologic signs of active synthesis and release of secretion. Plasma sodium concentrations were significantly increased after autotransplantation. In homotransplanted fish, the prolactin cells within the gland in situ became cytologically inactive after 40–50 days. When fish bearing an autografted pituitary were transferred directly to fresh water, exocytosis of the secretory granules from the prolactin cells was frequently observed. ACTH cells showed no clear cytological changes in response to experimental manipulations. These observations indicate that in Gillichthys the prolactin cells may be regulated by at least the following three factors: (1) inhibitory control from the hypothalamus presumably mediated by type “B” fibers, (2) direct stimulation due to decreasing plasma sodium level, and (3) negative feedback control by prolactin or increasing plasma sodium. The ACTH cells seem to be comparatively independent from hypothalamic control.
Coevolutionary dynamics in a minimal substrate

One of the central difficulties of coevolutionary methods arises from 'intransitive superiority' – in a two-player game, for example, the fact that A beats B, and B beats C, does not exclude the possibility that C beats A. Such cyclic superiority in a coevolutionary substrate is hypothesized to cause cycles in the dynamics of the population such that it 'chases its own tail' - traveling through some part of strategy space more than once despite apparent improvement with each step. It is often difficult to know whether an application domain contains such difficulties and to verify this hypothesis in the failure of a given coevolutionary set-up. In this paper we wish to elucidate some of the issues and concepts in an abstract domain where the dynamics of coevolution can be studied simply and directly. We define three simple 'number games' that illustrate intransitive superiority and resultant oscillatory dynamics, as well as some other relevant concepts. These include the distinction between a player's perceived performance and performance with respect to an external metric, and the significance of strategies with a multidimensional nature. These features alone can also cause oscillatory behavior and coevolutionary failure.
Front-end for a RETAIN function

In order to meet the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, the Waldo County Emergency Management Agency (EMA) has initiated the completion of a Waldo County Hazard Mitigation Plan. This plan will involve the hazard risk assessment for the 26 municipalities of Waldo County. A major share of this plan will entail the development of a Geographical Information System to illustrate the hazard vulnerabilities the municipalities possess. In January, 2003 this project expanded to map creation for three counties in Maine - Waldo, Hancock, and Knox (62 municipalities). A scope of services was created jointly by Dale Rowley, P. E. of the Waldo County EMA and Dr. Sari Hou.
Theorie der Faltwerke

Wir konnen ein Faltwerk definieren als eine Schale, deren Mittelflache ein Prisma ist. Das ist eigentlich keine Schale im Sinne unserer Definition, die eine gekrummte Mittelflache fordert, und dementsprechend weicht die Theorie der Faltwerke in mancher Hinsicht von der der Zylinderschalen ab, doch ist das Kraftespiel beider Tragwerke, wenn man sie an ihren Enden durch Binder oder Spante aussteift, so ahnlich, das es zweckmasig ist, auch die Theorie der Faltwerke im Rahmen dieses Buches zu betrachten.
Structural and photochemical probes of electron transfer reactivity

Article de synthese sur les transferts d'electrons de sphere interne et de sphere externe. Considerations theoriques
Enzymatic Labeling of DNA

This appendix describes the preparation of uniformly labeled radioactive probes by nick translation and random oligonucleotide-primed synthesis, as well as the end-labeling of oligonucleotides by T4 polynucleotide kinase. Accompanying these protocols are methods for removing unincorporated dNTP precursors with spin columns and for measuring the specific activity of a probe by acid precipitation.
Carisbamate acutely suppresses spasms in a rat model of symptomatic infantile spasms.

Purpose Infantile spasms are the signature seizures of West syndrome. The conventional treatments for infantile spasms, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and vigabatrin, are not always effective, especially in symptomatic infantile spasms (SIS). We tested the efficacy of carisbamate, a novel neurotherapeutic drug, to suppress spasms in the multiple-hit rat model of SIS and compared it with phenytoin to determine if its effect is via sodium-channel blockade.
El suicidio de Bourdieu

Texto preparado para el panel sobre los clasicos del siglo XX en el Congreso Mundial de la International Sociological Association (Montreal, Canada, 28 de julio de 1999) y cedido por el autor a la revista.
Radical-initiated polymerization of β-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone

β-Methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MMBL) was synthesized and then was polymerized in an N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution with 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiation. The homopolymer of MMBL was soluble in DMF and acetonitrile. MMBL was homopolymerized without competing depolymerization from 50 to 70 °C. The rate of polymerization (Rp) for MMBL followed the kinetic expression Rp = [AIBN]0.54[MMBL]1.04. The overall activation energy was calculated to be 86.9 kJ/mol, kp/kt1/2 was equal to 0.050 (where kp is the rate constant for propagation and kt is the rate constant for termination), and the rate of initiation was 2.17 × 10−8 mol L−1 s−1. The free energy of activation, the activation enthalpy, and the activation entropy were 106.0, 84.1, and 0.0658 kJ mol−1, respectively, for homopolymerization. The initiation efficiency was approximately 1. Styrene and MMBL were copolymerized in DMF solutions at 60 °C with AIBN as the initiator. The reactivity ratios (r1 = 0.22 and r2 = 0.73) for this copolymerization were calculated with the Kelen–Tudos method. The general reactivity parameter Q and the polarity parameter e for MMBL were calculated to be 1.54 and 0.55, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1759–1777, 2003
Cone cGMP-gated channel mutations and clinical findings in patients with achromatopsia, macular degeneration, and other hereditary cone diseases.

Unrelated patients with achromatopsia, macular degeneration with onset under age 50 years, cone degeneration or dysfunction, cone-rod degeneration, or macular malfunction were screened for mutations in the three genes known to be associated with achromatopsia: the GNAT2 gene encoding the α subunit of cone transducin and the CNGA3 and CNGB3 genes encoding the α and β subunits of the cone cGMP-gated cation channel. We found no examples of patients with GNAT2 mutations. Out of 36 achromats, 12 (33%) had mutations in CNGA3 (13 different mutations including five novel mutations) and 12 (33%) had mutations in CNGB3 (six different mutations including four novel mutations). All achromats with CNG mutations had residual, presumably cone function as determined by computer-averaged 30-Hz electroretinograms (ERGs). There was considerable variability in acuity and color vision, with most patients having acuities of 20/200–20/400 and complete absence of color perception, and others having acuities of 20/25–20/40 and some color vision. Two pseudodominant achromatopsia cases were uncovered, both with CNGA3 mutations, including one family in which some compound heterozygotes with achromatopsia mutations were clinically unaffected. We found two novel CNGB3 changes in three patients with juvenile macular degeneration, a phenotype not previously associated with mutations in the cone channel subunits. These patients had subnormal acuity (20/30–20/60), normal to subnormal color vision, and normal to subnormal full-field cone ERG amplitudes. Our results indicate that some patients with channel protein mutations retain residual foveal cone function. Based on our findings, CNGB3 should be considered as a candidate gene to be evaluated in patients with forms of cone dysfunction, including macular degeneration. Hum Mutat 25:248–258, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Recuperation of regeneration in denervated limbs of Ambystoma larvae

The current neurotrophic theory of amphibian limb regeneration allows for a non-neural tissue contribution of trophic substance (TS) which during ontogeny is suppressed by the production of large amounts of neural TS. A difficulty has been to account for the inability of denervated limbs to initiate regeneration in the absence of neural TS when non-neural tissue TS synthesis, no longer “quenched,” might be expected to function. This difficulty has now been overcome in the aneurogenic limb system. Aneurogenic forelimbs of A. maculatum larvae were transplanted orthotopically and homoplastically in place of left forelimbs of normally innervated larvae. The brachial nerves of the host larva were allowed to grow into the grafted aneurogenic limb. When tested by subsequent denervation and amputation, the grafted limbs became progressively nerve-dependent, for regeneration purposes, between 10 and 13 days post-transplantation, dependence on nerves being complete at 13 days. Grafted, aneurogenic limbs were allowed to become innervated for periods of 2–3 weeks. Then for at least 30 days the limbs were maintained in a nerveless state by denervations, repeated at five day intervals, with histological checks on effectiveness of denervation. Amputation through the forearm was performed at 30 days with continued denervations to prevent reinnervation. Regeneration occurred in 49% of cases (in 16 of 33 limbs) with histological verification of nerveless or sparsely innervated condition. Thus, regeneration-competent aneurogenic limbs may become nerve-dependent after transplantation and then, after prolonged denervation, recover ability to regenerate under essentially nerveless conditions.
Three-to-one optical frequency division at 532 nm using a double-grating periodically poled lithium niobate

Optical frequency division by 3 is a critical step in realizing optical frequency counting in ultrahigh precision measurements. We report the efficient implementation of a 3:1 frequency divider by two back-to-back difference-frequency mixing (DFM) interactions using a double-grating structure in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN).
Influence of High Dietary Iron as Ferrous Carbonate and Ferrous Sulfate on Iron Metabolism in Young Calves

Abstract Twelve intact male Holstein calves averaging 90 kg and 12 wk of age were fed one of three dietary treatments for 28 d. The diets were A) control, B) control plus 1000 ppm iron as ferrous carbonate, and C) control plus 1000 ppm iron as ferrous sulfate monohydrate. Calves were dosed orally on d 15 of the treatment period with 1 mCi of iron-59. Neither source of added iron had a significant effect on weight gains, feed consumption, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum total iron, serum total iron-binding capacity, unbound iron-binding capacity, serum copper, tissue copper, fecal dry matter, or a consistent effect on fecal pH. The ferrous carbonate had no significant effect on stable zinc or stable iron in any tissue studied. Calves fed ferrous sulfate had higher average stable iron in most tissues and significantly more in the small intestine. Tissue zinc was lower in spleen and pancreas of ferrous sulfate-fed calves. Both sources of added iron sharply reduced iron-59 in serum, whole blood, and body tissues. The reduction was substantially greater in calves fed the ferrous sulfate iron. Iron in ferrous sulfate had a higher biological availability than that in the ferrous carbonate; however, bioavailability of the ferrous carbonate iron appeared to be substantial and considerably more than that noted in previous studies in which a different source of ferrous carbonate was used. The maximum safe level of dietary iron is materially influenced by the source of iron with a higher tolerance indicated for ferrous carbonate than ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
Allergic encephalomyelitis: Cleavage of the C-tryptophyl bond in the encephalitogenic basic protein from bovine myelin☆

Abstract The presence of one tryptophan residue in the encephalitogenic A1 protein from bovine spinal cord was established by six independent techniques. A nonencephalitogenic peptide containing 55 amino acid residues was derived from the A1 protein by cleavage of the C -tryptophyl bond with N -bromosuccinimide. This peptide, referred to as peptide T, was purified by gel filtration and Cellex-P chromatography and obtained in 31% yield. It appeared homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel and paper electrophoresis. The structure of peptide T was partially determined as follows: H-Gly-Ala-Glu-Gly-Gln-Ser-Pro-Phe-Gly-Lys….Ala-Arg-Arg-OH. The amino acid sequence of the N -terminal region is identical with that portion of the sequence of the encephalitogenic peptide E, a peptide obtained from pepsin hydrolysis of the A1 protein, which contains a tryptophan-glycine linkage. The H-Ala-Arg-Arg-OH sequence, established with carboxypeptidases A and B, is identical with that of the A1 protein and thus identifies peptide T as the 55 residues of the C-terminal region of the A1 polypeptide chain. The molecular weight of 5750 daltons was determined by amino acid analysis and confirmed by peptide mapping of the tryptic digest which showed 13 peptides (12 expected), 5 of which contain arginine. Peptide T, like the A1 protein, is highly basic and contains a total of 13 lysine, histidine, and arginine residues. The molecular weight falls close to that determined by quantitation of the PTH-glycine obtained by Edman degradation. Peptide T does not induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, even at 100 μg per guinea pig, and further emphasizes the importance of the tryptophan residue and the adjacent polypeptide region for determining encephalitogenic activity.
Overexpression of CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase Reduces Hippocampal Injury After Global Ischemia in Transgenic Mice

Background and Purpose The role of copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) in hippocampal injury after transient global ischemia was studied using transgenic (Tg) mice and wild-type littermates. Methods Global ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. The hemisphere with the hypoplastic posterior communicating artery was determined and then the hippocampus in this hemisphere was evaluated qualitatively using a score of 0 to 4 and quantitatively using an image analyzer. Results Hippocampal injury was reduced in Tg mice after both 5 and 10 minutes of ischemia. In the 5-minute ischemia group, the mean score of the injury was significantly lower in Tg than nontransgenic (nTg) mice at 3 days. In the 10-minute group, the hippocampal injury was reduced more in Tg than nTg mice at 1 day. Quantitative evaluation by an image analyzer confirmed the qualitative data. Neurons with fragmented DNA were also studied in the hippocampal injury. In the 5-minute group, despite the reduction of the injury in Tg mice, their neurons with fragmented DNA were relatively increased at 1 day. In the 10-minute group, this ratio was almost the same in both nTg and Tg mice. Conclusions CuZn-SOD plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of selective hippocampal injury after brief ischemia, whether the insult is relatively mild or intense. Furthermore, CuZn-SOD may reduce both necrotic and DNA fragmented neuronal death after global ischemia.
Nanolubrication: Concept and Design

The advent of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices, sensors, actuators, microsystems, and nanotechnology have called to attention the effect of friction on moving parts in nano/micro devices. To take full advantage of the opportunity to sense, compute, and actuate in real time, fast-moving parts are often necessary or desirable. As the scales of the components shrink, adhesion, stiction, friction, and wear become a significant technological barrier for the successful deployment of durable devices. Most current devices in production avoid such contacts.
Bayesian predictive inference for time series count data.

Summary. Correlated count data arise often in practice, especially in repeated measures situations or instances in which observations are collected over time. In this paper, we consider a parametric model for a time series of counts by constructing a likelihood-based version of a model similar to that of Zeger (1988, Biometrika75, 621–629). The model has the advantage of incorporating both over-dispersion and autocorrelation. We consider a Bayesian approach and propose a class of informative prior distributions for the model parameters that are useful for prediction. The prior specification is motivated from the notion of the existence of data from similar previous studies, called historical data, which is then quantified into a prior distribution for the current study. We derive the Bayesian predictive distribution and use a Bayesian criterion, called the predictive L measure, for assessing the predictions for a given time series model. The distribution of the predictive L measure is also derived, which will enable us to compare the predictive ability for each model under consideration. Our methodology is motivated by a real data set involving yearly pollen counts, which is examined in some detail.
Generation of Optimal Transition Count Tests

The problem of generating minimum-length transition count (TC) tests is examined for combinational logic circuits whose behavior can be defined by an n-row fault table. Methods are presented for generating TC tests of length n+2 and 2n-1 for fault detection and fault location, respectively. It is shown that these tests are optimal with respect to the class of n-row fault tables in the sense that there exist n-row fault tables that cannot be covered by shorter TC tests. The practical significance of these tests is discussed.
Emergency Medicine and Palliative Care

The emergency department cares for seriously ill patients across the trajectory of illness from diagnosis to death or cure. Emergency departments participate in critical illness trajectories that include initiation of life-sustaining therapies as well as caring for patients and families in their final moments of life. Emergency clinicians are uniquely poised to identify critical palliative care interventions to be used when patients and families are most in need with respect to symptom management, decisions regarding intervention and procedures to sustain life and participate in critically important decisions regarding withdrawing and withholding nonbeneficial life-sustaining therapies.
Computational Study of Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes Between the Most Stable Tautomers of Glycine and Uracil

A total of 23 hydrogen bonded complexes between the lowest energy tautomers of uracil and glycine have been characterized at the density functional level of theory with a hybrid B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and 6-31++G** basis sets. The most stable complexes are formed when the carboxylic group of glycine is bound through two hydrogen bonds with a NH proton donor and an O proton acceptor of uracil, and stabilization energies for these cyclic structures span a range of 12.3−15.6 kcal/mol. Interplay between the topological match among proton donor and acceptor sites involved in cyclic structures and their preference to form single hydrogen bonds, measured by the values of proton affinity and deprotonation enthalpy, has been discussed. Upon formation of a uracil−glycine complex, the elongations of proton donor bonds and vibrational red shifts for proton donor stretching modes can reach 0.05 A and 650 cm-1, respectively. These perturbations of proton donor bonds correlate with the magnitude of two-bo...
Objectively defined linguistic parameters in children with autism and other developmental disabilities.

The language of children with autism and other developmental disabilities was examined systematically according to a set of objectively defined linguistic parameters. These criteria were drawn from clinical observations reported in the literature and from developmental norms of language acquisition. Data analysis identified sets of parameters that were correlated with psychiatrists' clinical diagnoses but failed to isolate individual parameters (such as echolalia or noncommunicativeness) that have been suggested to be pathonomic.
Creativity, mental health, and alcoholism

Abstract Findings from a research project on the creative process spanning a 25‐year period are applied to considerations regarding mental health and creativity. Two specific creative functions are described: (a) homospatial process‐actively conceiving two or more discrete entities occupying the same space, a conception leading to the articulation of new identities; and (b) janusian process‐actively conceiving multiple opposites or antitheses simultaneously. Both of these processes are healthy, adaptive ones, indicating that mental illness does not facilitate creativity but interferes with it. Verbatim data from intensive interviews with the author, fohn Cheever, are presented to illustrate the relationship of that author's alcoholism to the writing of his outstanding creative achievement, the novel Falconer.
DNR in the OR: further questions.

In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, Franklin and Rothenberg add important and revealing data to the current dialogue over how to handle “do-net-resuscitate” (DNR) orders during anesthesia and surgery.’ Their work further contributes to the growing literature on this issue that has developed over the past few years .* Despite interest in this topic, however, no clear consensus has yet emerged about how to manage DNR patients in the perioperative period. We highlight several fundamental questions that stand out as areas of controversy that could benefit from additional discussion and research.
The infrared and Raman spectra of guanidinium salts

Abstract The i.r. and Raman spectra of guanidinium chloride, guanidinium perchlorate, and the deuterated derivatives of these salts, have been determined as solids and in solutions.
Drawing Hypergraphs in Hyperedge’s Average Degree and Multi-Rules

By analysing the past algorithms of drawing hypergraphs, this paper gives the definition of hyper graphs’ vertex degree and hyperedge’s average degree at first. Then it introduces the flow of this algorithm and particularly describes the rule set in setting the position of the vertex and the principal of minimum envelop law in drawing the hyperedge, and the complexity of this algorithm is analyzed. At last it draws a hypergraphs of scientific collaboration network successfully based on this algorithm and the result proves that the drawing algorithm of hyper graphs based on hyper edge’s average degree and multi-rules is feasible.
Failure of polyethylene gas pipe materials

Abstract Two of the pipe resins that are commonly used in the USA are compared with respect to their relative life times. The improvement in the performances of the currently used materials compared to the older material from the same producer have been measured. The laboratory conditions for producing brittle failure in notched specimens in the minimum time are presented.
One-Nucleon Exchange in Pion-Nucleon Scattering

We have studied the partial-wave amplitudes for pion-nucleon scattering in the approximation where the "driving force" comes from single-nucleon exchange. We start from the assumption that the amplitudes satisfy dispersion relations, but find that this is not enough to define a unique problem. Some restrictions upon the choice of amplitude to be inserted in the dispersion relations are found, but some ambiguities remain. Settling these in a "reasonable" way leads to the conclusion that the one-nucleon-exchange force is "too strong."
City profile: Shanghai

Abstract While striving to become the new economic power house of China and the East Asian region, Shanghai is undergoing a profound restructuring of its infrastructure and, more importantly, its physical form and appearance. Urban revival will in part rely on the successful redevelopment of the old central city where dilapidated housing and fragmented industrial use are no longer tolerable. Shanghai's revival also is dependent on the effective development of the Pudong New Area and several other new urban districts, which will facilitate the growth of industrial activities and the expansion of the tertiary sector.
The Story of a Salt Lake City Gay-Straight Alliance: Identity Work and LGBT Youth

ABSTRACT This paper draws from a larger analysis of literature on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) youth to illustrate how the dominant rhetorical frameworks construct an individual-LGBT student-in identity crises and “at risk.” Taylor and Whittier's (1992) framework for understanding “identity construction” in social movement actors is offered as another perspective from which to analyze the experiences of LGBT youth in schools. As an example, a study about a gay-straight alliance (GSA) in Salt Lake City illustrates how LGBT student political activism is a foundation upon which gay and lesbian students resist heterosexist school climates and construct positive identities. The author suggests supporting LGBT grass-roots activism may be a more fruitful approach to school reform than current programs designed by school personnel to “assist” LGBT students.
A computed tomography scan and anatomical cadaveric study of the pterygopalatine ganglion for use in Gamma Knife treatment of cluster headache.

Object Gamma Knife surgery has recently been used to treat patients with cluster headaches. Both the trigeminal nerve root and the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) have been targeted. However, there are no clear-cut anatomical landmarks on computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance images that accurately identify the PPG. Therefore, the authors performed microsurgical dissections on latex-injected cadaver heads to expose the PPG and correlated the findings with thin-slice axial CT scans obtained in the same heads to determine how best to target the PPG. Methods Three cadaver heads (five sides) previously injected with colored latex were dissected using skull base approaches and microsurgical techniques to identify the PPG and surrounding structures. Measurements were then made to different osseous anatomical landmarks such as the foramen rotundum, vidian canal, and so on. The PPG was marked with a radiopaque marker and thin-slice CT scans were obtained in the cadaver heads to develop some correlat...
The Problem with "Nuts and Bolts:" How the Emphasis on "Highly Qualified Professionals" Is Undermining Education.

Schools of education have seen many changes over the last 100 years (Labaree 2004). More recent modifications have included the slow and steady elimination of the social foundations of education in lieu of a more direct attention to teacher skills and basic training. The increased focus on the so-called “nuts and bolts” of teacher education trumps the larger vision of the purpose or function of education. This article proposes an alternative view of teacher education—one that places primary importance on the benefits of the social foundations on teacher education. In an effort to subvert the current trend toward technically trained teachers, schools of education should instead look to create teachers capable of critically investigating the context of their classroom within the broader world.
Age of Rim Rock Dike Swarm, Trans-Pecos, Texas

Potassium-argon dates for basaltic rocks from the Rim Rock dike swarm of Trans-Pecos Texas range from 18 to 23 m.y. Because these dikes are closely associated with major normal faults, they indicate the age of Basin-Range faulting in the region. Two sets of dikes are distinguishable not only by strike and petrology, but also by age. The older, basaltic and trachy-basaltic set and the younger, more alkalic set have average ages of 22.3 and 19.2 m.y., respectively. Extensive deuteric alteration has not modified significantly the K-Ar dates of the rocks.