cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies in the Genus Otidea

During the collecting season of 1948, from late June to October, the University of Michigan maintained a botanical expedition in Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington. Dr. A. H. Smith who conducted the survey was assisted by Henry A. Imshaug and Emory G. Simmons. Dr. D. E. Stuntz of the Department of Botany, University of Washington, joined the group in July. They obtained abundant collections of Otidea species which, with the collections in the University of Michigan Herbariumi, form the basis of this investigation. The writer recognizes ten species and three varieties. This number materially exceeds the number in previous published reports for North America. Seaver (1928) reported three under the name Scodellina. One new species, 0. rainierensis, and one new variety, 0. alutacea var. microspora, are described from the Mt. Rainier collections and one new species, O. Kauffmanii, is named from Michigan material. The types of new species described here are deposited in the University Herbarium of the University of Michigan. The genus Otidea was established by Fuckel (1869-1870) for Pezixa leporina Pers. ex Fr., P. onotica Fr., P. cochleata L. and P. abietina Pers. The principal diagnostic character by which species of Otidea differ from those in Pesiza is the presence of a split in the apothecium. Fuckel (I.c.) in his diagnosis of the genus described the paraphyses as "filiform subclavate" although he included 0. leporina and 0. onotica in which the paraphyses are hooked and not subclavate. Since the genus was established, several species which have filiform or filiform-subclavate paraphyses have been described for it. Boudier (1885) considered the straight paraphyses as distinctive and established the genus Wynnella based in part on such paraphyses. 0. auricula Schaeff. was
Should HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants for leukemia be restricted to large centers?

There is substantial evidence that the volume of medical procedures in a hospital has an inverse relationship with mortality. We analyzed data for 1313 recipients of HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants for early leukemia (acute leukemia in first remission or chronic myelogenous leukemia in first chronic phase) to determine whether transplant outcome differed in small and large centers. Transplants were performed in 86 bone marrow transplant centers active between the years 1983 and 1988, which participated in the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Twenty-one (24%) centers performed five or fewer allogeneic transplants per year during the study period; five (6%) performed more than 40 per year. After adjustment for differences in patient and disease characteristics, the relative risks of treatment-related mortality (1.53, P less than .01) and treatment failure (1.38, P less than .04) were higher among patients who received transplants at centers doing five or fewer transplants per year than among those at larger centers. Among patients receiving transplants in centers performing more than five transplants a year, there was no statistically significant correlation between number of transplants and outcome.
Uniform decay rated for parabolic conservations laws

On etablit des taux de decroissance uniformes optimaux pour des solutions du probleme de Cauchy avec donnees grandes pour des lois de conservation paraboliques scalaires a plusieurs dimensions d'espace
Use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements in relation to risk of colorectal cancer: Results from the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow‐up Study

Recent epidemiologic evidence has emerged to suggest that use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements may be associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We therefore evaluated the association between use of these non-vitamin, non-mineral supplements and risk of CRC in two prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Regular use of glucosamine and chondroitin was first assessed in 2002 and participants were followed until 2010, over which time 672 CRC cases occurred. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) within each cohort, and results were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis. Associations were comparable across cohorts, with a RR of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.63-1.00) observed for any use of glucosamine and a RR of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59-1.01) observed for any use of chondroitin. Use of glucosamine in the absence of chondroitin was not associated with risk of CRC, whereas use of glucosamine + chondroitin was significantly associated with risk (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.58-0.999). The association between use of glucosamine + chondroitin and risk of CRC did not change markedly when accounting for change in exposure status over follow-up (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58-0.96), nor did the association significantly vary by sex, aspirin use, body mass index, or physical activity. The association was comparable for cancers of the colon and rectum. Results support a protective association between use of glucosamine and chondroitin and risk of CRC. Further study is needed to better understand the chemopreventive potential of these supplements.
Partial Characterization of Bovine Synaptosomal Proteins Adhered to By Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins

Binding of botulinum (BTx) and tetanus (TTx) neurotoxins to synaptic termini has been hypothesized to require a protein component(s)1–3 in addition to gangliosides of the Glb series4,5 (nomenclature described by Svennerhoim6). Results that we obtained in studies of inhibition by gangliosides of the binding of BTxA and TTx to ganglioside GT1b-coated plastic wells indicate that Glb gangliosides do not function as high affinity ligands for the neurotoxins. We observed that the concentration of ganglioside GT1b needed to block binding of either BTxA or TTx to GT1bcoated plastic wells was in the µM range.7 In contrast, when the same assay system was used to determine the concentration of ganglioside GM1 needed to block binding of cholera toxin to GM1-coated plastic wells, nM values were obtained.8
Charismatic, Transformational, and Servant Leadership in the United States, Mexico, and Croatia

Cross-cultural leadership attempts to understand how leaders function in a highly globalized market. Certain dimensions of the three leadership theories: charismatic, transformational, and servant were endorsed as important for effective leadership. Major aspects of the leadership theories were compared and contrasted in three different cultures. The cultures were selected by utilizing the GLOBE study: Anglo cluster with focus on the United States, Latin America cluster with focus on Mexico, and Eastern European cluster with focus on Croatia. While certain aspects of charismatic, transformational, and servant leadership were endorsed as important for effective leadership, only certain dimensions were endorsed across the three cultures studied. Analysis of Croatia, not available in the original GLOBE study, provides a more comprehensive evaluation of leadership in the region, especially since Croatia has recently emerged as the latest country joining the European Union.
The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Self-Objectification Beliefs and Behaviors Scale:

Given the limitations of existing measures of self-objectification, the purpose of the two studies presented in this article was to develop and validate a new measure of self-objectification, the S...
The "Liability of Newness" and Small Firm Access to Debt Capital: Is There a Link?

Literature pertaining to the â€œliability of newnessâ€ contends that newer firms face particular difficulties and a greater risk of failure. This article seeks to determine if â€œnewnessâ€ is also a disadvantage in the acquisition of debt capital. Results indicate that newer firms were significantly less likely to have lines of credit and were also significantly more likely to have been turned down for their most recent loan. Even when we control for length of relationship with the primary financial services provider, personal guarantees, and collateral, younger firms were still more likely to be turned down for loans. Small firms are an essential part of the United States economy. According to the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), there were 22.9 million small firms, defined as firms having 500 or fewer employees, in the United States in 2002 (Small Business by the Numbers, 2002). In fact, small firms represent 99 percent of all firms in this country. They provide approximately half of Gross Domestic Product as well as the majority of new jobs. Small firms are also an important source of innovation in the development of new products, services, and technologies. Given the role played by small firms, it is in our interest to identify factors that contribute to their likely success. In keeping with that, studies of small firm survival and failure have repeatedly identified difficulties with financial management and an inability to secure adequate sources of capital as major contributors to dissolution (Gaskill et al., 1993), Lussier, 1996; Watson et al., 1998). Many small firms are launched with inadequate financial resources. To compound this problem, small firms, unlike larger, publicly-held firms, are unable to raise capital in the public debt and equity markets (Ang, 1991). Alternatively, they are restricted to sources of capital that include the ownerâ€™s savings, loans from family and friends, trade credit, and loans from banks and other financial service providers (Berger & Udell, 1998; Bitler et al., 2001). Even in the case of bank loans, however, small firms are more likely to be denied than larger, more established firms. As noted above, the inability to secure external sources of capital raises the risk of firm failure. On a slightly less dire note, inadequate capital may also restrict the firmâ€™s ability to grow, to hire employees, or to introduce new products and services thus impairing profitability and growth in the long term.
Patient health records: An exploratory study of patient satisfaction

Abstract Objective This study seeks to understand what factors might influence a patient's perception of PHRs in early adoption. We draw from social contagion theory to examine how beliefs and behaviors are subject to those who are important to them. Methods This is a quantitative study with data collected information from a self-selected patient panel residing in the United States. Cross-sectional data were used to examine a patient beliefs and behaviors as they use personal health records. Results The findings demonstrated patient skills and abilities to conduct PHR tasks play a role in the feelings developed toward the change. Behavioral resistance was shown to negatively impact patient satisfaction. Cognitive resistance was significant but, not in the hypothesized direction. We found a strong relationship between affective and cognitive resistance. This research suggests when affective is high, cognitive scope is out shadow and whereas affective is low, cognitive scope will broaden. Discussion After adoption, a patient might still resistance the PHR system. Hospitals and physicians should emphasize the importance of PHR to every patient, seek to offer training opportunities, offer avenues for discussion, and recognize the existence of resistance factors. Conclusion This study illustrates the need for physicians and hospitals to reshape patient's beliefs about PHRs by helping individuals understand and internalize the change toward PHRs. To ensure the promotion and engagement of the PHR system, all interested parties (hospital administrators, government agencies, policy makers, and physicians) must communicate and publicize a consistent message related to the importance of PHR use.
Factors impacting hunter access to private lands in southeast Minnesota

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have important socioeconomic and ecological impacts in the United States. Hunting is considered to be important for the effective management of deer and relies on access to privately owned lands. In 2013, we surveyed nonindustrial private landowners in southeast Minnesota and created two logit models to examine factors that impact landowners’ decision to (a) allow public hunting access and (b) post private property. Parcel characteristics were found to impact landowner decisions to allow hunting access, particularly the size of the property and whether it was posted. Hunting access to small properties was more likely to be restricted to family, friends, and neighbors (83%) compared to medium (74%) or large properties (60%). Hunter concerns (e.g., liability) and knowledge about deer management was significant in both models, suggesting there are opportunities to educate landowners about the importance of allowing public hunting access and available liabili...
Legal and Administrative Feasibility of a Federal Junk Food and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax to Improve Diet

Objectives. To evaluate legal and administrative feasibility of a federal “junk” food (including sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs]) tax to improve diet.Methods. To assess food definitions and administration models, we systematically searched (1) PubMed (through May 15, 2017) for articles defining foods subject to taxes, and legal and legislative databases as well as online for (2) US federal, state, and tribal junk food tax bills and laws (January 1, 2012–February 28, 2017); SSB taxes (January 1, 2014–February 28, 2017); and international junk food tax laws (as of February 28, 2017); and (3) federal taxing mechanisms and administrative methods (as of February 28, 2017).Results. Articles recommend taxing foods by product category, broad nutrient criteria, specific nutrients or calories, or a combination. US junk food tax bills (n = 6) and laws (n = 3), international junk food laws (n = 2), and US SSB taxes (n = 10) support taxing foods using category-based (n = 8), nutrient-based (n = 1), or combination (n ...
Defining Treatment Success After 2-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

Abstract Background Two-stage exchange arthroplasty remains the preferred surgical treatment method for patients with chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The success of this procedure is not known exactly as various definitions of success have been used. This study aimed at analyzing the difference in outcome following 2-stage exchange arthroplasty using different definitions for success. Methods A retrospective study of 703 patients with PJI who underwent resection arthroplasty and spacer insertion between January 1999 and June 2015 was performed. Chart review identified intraoperative cultures at the time of spacer, reimplantation, and any subsequent reinfections or surgeries following spacer insertion. After applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 570 patients were included in the analysis. Five definitions of treatment success were assessed: (1) Delphi consensus success, (2) modified Delphi consensus success, (3) microbiological success, (4) implant success, and (5) surgical success. Results Of the 570 patients with PJIs, 458 were reimplanted at a mean of 4.1 months. Mortality was 13.9% with 6.7% occurring before reimplantation. Treatment success was highly variable depending on the definition used (54.2%-88.9%). In 19.6% of PJI cases, the Delphi consensus definition could not be assessed as reimplantation never occurred. Furthermore, 67.0% of these patients underwent reoperations, which may not be accounted for in the Delphi consensus definition. Conclusion Treatment success rates vary dramatically depending on the definition used at our institution. We hope these definitions can help bring forth awareness for standardized reporting of outcomes, but further validation and agreement of these definitions among surgeons and infectious disease physicians is crucial.
Deconvolution of Thickness-Averaged Structural and Optical Properties of Thermally Grown and Rpecvd SiO 2 Films

This study compares the optical characteristics of SiO2 thin films, grown by high temperature dry thermal oxidation of crystalline Si, or deposited by low-temperature remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RPECVD), and subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Infrared (IR) spectrophotometry is used to determine the frequency of the Si-O-Si bond-stretching vibration for films of varying thickness, both before and after RTA. The thickness dependence of the stretching frequency as a function of distance from the SiO2/Si interface is determined from analysis of these measurements. The resulting profiles combined with a previous study of the index of refraction, n, for thermally grown SiO2 films is used to estimate the variation of n as a function of the distance from the SiO2/Si interface.
Reconstructing 19th Century Atlantic Basin Hurricanes at Differing Spatial Scales

This chapter introduces concepts of hurricane reanalysis and hurricane reconstruction at multiple spatial scales. Two case studies are used to illustrate these respective processes: (1) reconstruction of the 1850 hurricane season and (2) reanalysis of the 1854 Great Carolina Hurricane. Historical documentary evidence from newspapers, ship logs, personal correspondence, and instrumental weather reports were compiled and utilized during the analysis. The storms in 1850 were objectively classified by strength as tropical storm, hurricane, or major hurricane intensity and the storm track was reconstructed using all available locational data across ocean and inland areas. Hurricane intensity for the 1854 Great Carolina Hurricane was determined through several analyses: wind damage, storm surge, and local impact analysis. Results suggest that the 1850 hurricane season contained at least four tropical cyclones and two suspect storms (e.g. potential tropical cyclones requiring additional substantiating evidence). Results also indicate that although the Great Carolina Hurricane of 1854 made landfall near Savannah, Georgia the impacts of the hurricane were probably less than a Category 2 storm in southern South Carolina and around a Category 1 in Charleston, SC. The methodologies and examples presented in this chapter can be used to reassess and expand the North Atlantic Basin hurricane database, as well as to improve and extend historical hurricane chronologies of other ocean basins around the world.
Dual pH Probes Without Proximal Esophageal and Pharyngeal Impedance May Be Deficient in Diagnosing LPR.

Summary Background Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is commonly treated with empiric acid suppression. More evidence points to pepsin in the pathophysiology of LPR. Previous studies have evaluated esophageal impedance in patients who had previously failed high dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) using older catheters without proximal esophageal (just under the upper esophageal sphincter) and pharyngeal impedance sensors. The aim of this study was to compare what traditional diagnostic tools, used for esophageal reflux, would detect and diagnose compared with what a combined hypopharyngeal-esophageal MII catheter with dual pH (HEMII-pH) can detect in the esophagus and pharynx in patients with suspected LPR. Methods Forty-two subjects with presumed LPR were referred for HEMII-pH testing. The number of distal and proximal esophageal impedance events, number of pharyngeal impedance events, symptom correlation, and event acidity were recorded. Previous normative values (>1 pharyngeal impedance events every 24 hours) were used to designate what was pathological LPR on HEMII-pH. Results Forty-two total subjects had pharyngeal impedance sensor data recorded. Twelve (28.6%) of the subjects were tested while taking high-dose PPI therapy. The mean number of proximal esophageal events was 23.3. The mean number of pharyngeal impedance events was 10. Thirty-four subjects (81%) tested positive for pharyngeal reflux. All patients who tested positive using traditional proximal impedance criteria also tested positive using pharyngeal criteria. Of patients who tested negative using traditional criteria, 72% were positive based on pharyngeal criteria. Conclusions HEMII-pH catheters should be considered in patients with LPR symptoms. Traditional criteria used for diagnosing esophageal reflux may not translate into LPR.
Do We Need Natural Language?: Exploring Restricted Language Interfaces for Complex Domains

Natural language interfaces (NLIs) that aim to understand arbitrary language are not only difficult to engineer; they can also create unrealistic expectations of the capabilities of the system, resulting in user confusion and disappointment. We use an interactive language learning game in a 3D blocks world to examine whether limiting a user's communication to a small set of artificial utterances is an acceptable alternative to the much harder task of accepting unrestricted language. We find that such a restricted language interface provides same or better performance on this task while improving user experience indices. This suggests that some NLIs can restrict user languages without sacrificing user experience and highlights the importance of conveying NLI limitations to users.
Calorie restriction with regular chow, but not a high-fat diet, delays onset of spontaneous osteoarthritis in the Hartley guinea pig model.

Obesity is a leading risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). In contrast, calorie restriction (CR) may lessen OA due to improved systemic inflammatory status and reduced weight-bearing. The aim of this study was to determine how CR with regular chow versus a high-fat diet (HFD) alters OA progression using the Hartley guinea pig model of disease. Twenty-four male guinea pigs were allocated to four groups at 2 months of age: (1) ad libitum regular chow (obese), (2) CR regular chow (lean), (3) ad libitum HFD, and (4) CR HFD. Animals in both HFD groups ate identical amounts and were combined into one HFD group for analyses. At 5 months, hind limbs were harvested for microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histopathologic evaluation of knee OA. Total body, gonad fat, and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) masses were recorded. IFPs were collected for gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemistry for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was performed on intact joints. Serum was utilized for protein C3 measurement. All data were compared using ordinary one-way ANOVA analyses with Tukey’s post-hoc tests. Body mass in the lean and HFD groups were similar and lower than the obese group. Despite this, gonad fat pads in the HFD group were comparable to the obese group. MicroCT and histologic OA scores were similar in obese and HFD groups; both scores were significantly lower in the lean group. Obese and HFD groups displayed increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators in IFPs relative to lean animals. Consistent with this, immunohistochemistry for MCP-1 in knee joints demonstrated strong positive staining in obese and HFD groups but was minimally detected in lean animals. Serum protein C3 levels were also statistically higher. This study demonstrated that CR with a regular chow diet lessened knee OA in the Hartley guinea pig and was associated with decreased local and systemic inflammation compared to obese animals. HFD animals, although under CR conditions, had OA scores and inflammatory markers similar to obese animals. Thus, diet composition, and not solely body weight, may be a key factor in development of OA.
Sleep Disturbance Predicts Depression Symptoms in Early Adolescence: Initial Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate associations between sleep disturbances and mental health in adolescents. Methods Data are from a national sample of 11,670 U.S. participants (5,594 females, aged 9–10 years, 63.5% white) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Initial longitudinal analyses were conducted for a subset of the sample (n = 4,951). Measures of youth sleep disturbance (disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, sleep–wake transition disorders, and disorders of excessive somnolence) and “typical” total sleep time (number of hours slept on most nights in the past 6 months) were obtained from the parent-report Sleep Disturbance Scale (Data Release 2.0). Parent-report measures of youth mental health (depression, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors) from the Child Behavior Checklist and typical screen time were included. Results At baseline, greater sleep disturbance and shorter total sleep time were associated with greater internalizing, externalizing, and depression scores. After controlling for baseline mental health symptoms, baseline sleep disturbance significantly predicted depression and internalizing and externalizing scores at 1-year follow-up. A significant interaction with sex indicated that the association between disorders of excessive somnolence and depression 1 year later was steeper for girls, compared with boys (p Conclusions Sleep disturbances predicted future mental health, particularly depression in this young sample, highlighting the potential to harness sleep as a tool to mitigate the persistence of depression across early adolescence and potentially prevent an adolescent onset of major depressive disorder.
On the dark matter haloes of optical and IR-selected AGNs in the local universe

We use the technique of total satellite luminosity, L_sat, to probe the dark matter halos around active galactic nuclei in the SDSS Main Galaxy Sample. Our results focus on galaxies and AGN that are the central galaxy of their halo. Our two AGN samples are constructed from optical emission-line diagnostics and from WISE infrared colors. Both optically-selected and WISE-selected AGN have L_sat values twice as high as non-active galaxy samples when controlling for stellar mass and mean stellar age. This implies that the halos are twice as massive, but we cannot rule out that the increase in L_sat is due to these AGN residing in younger halos at the same mass. When only controlling for host galaxy stellar mass, WISE-selected AGN also have higher L_sat values than optical AGN at the factor of two level, consistent with previous results comparing the clustering of obscured and unobscured AGN. However, controlling for stellar age in the two populations of host galaxies removes half of this difference, attenuating the statistical significance of the difference. We perform permutation tests to quantify the different in the halo populations of each sample. The difference in star formation properties does not fully explain the difference in the two AGN populations, however. Although AGN luminosity correlates with mean stellar age, the difference in stellar age between the WISE and optical samples cannot be fully explained by differences in their AGN luminosity distributions.
Stimulant Prescribing Error Assessment Rubric Development.

OBJECTIVE Stimulant medications are used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. However, stimulants are among the most frequently prescribed medications that have a potential to be used nonmedically. We sought to define types of errors associated with treatment of ADHD in adults and to describe a classification rubric for stimulant-related prescribing faults. METHODS An expert panel conducted a scoping review of the literature and rubric development. The literature search including relevant English language publications indexed in Medline (1990-present, human) and Embase (1990-present, human). In addition, we reviewed relevant documentation such as medication labels and guides containing information related to medications used for the treatment of adult ADHD. The initial version draft rubric was developed by adapting an existing framework for prescribing errors. The expert panel further defined a classification rubric and developed error subcategories, classifications, and descriptions. RESULTS Two error categories were identified. Category 1 errors are errors resulting from prescribing faults, which further included errors in decision making/judgment; errors related to monitoring for potential harm of stimulants; possible errors: events that should generally be avoided or be used with caution; and suboptimal prescribing. Category 2 errors result from prescription writing, further defined as failure to communicate essential information and transcription errors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive description of medication errors associated with stimulant and related medications. Our findings have the potential to assist decision making and to tailor delivery programs, recommendations, guidelines, and clinical decision support health information technology on stimulant prescribing and monitoring.
Aiming student pharmacist organizations toward professional success: Mapping student activities to a professional development program.

Abstract Introduction This project describes the mapping of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Accreditation Standards to activities of a student pharmacist organization and to assess student perceptions of the process' utility in completing a professional growth and development program (PGDP). Methods A list of activities from the student pharmacist organization for academic year 2018–2019 was compiled at the start of each semester. ACPE Standards 3 and 4 were mapped to each chapter activity using a spreadsheet. Upon completion, activities matched with appropriate standards were advertised to the organization through email and online sign-up sheets. Students who were active chapter members and participated in the PGDP were recruited to participate in a survey. The survey included multiple choice questions and 5-point Likert type statements. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of our activities for the academic year, 19 (86.3%) matched to at least one element of Standard 3. The majority of our activities matched to an element of Standard 4 (n = 22, 95.5%). A total of 37 participants completed the survey and 83.8% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that the mapping process was helpful for completing the PGDP. Conclusions Student pharmacist organizations provide many opportunities for professional development. Mapping ACPE Standards 3 and 4 to these activities, along with promotion, was perceived as being very helpful to the membership of this study. This is a relatively easy process that any student pharmacist organization can complete to better help their membership complete professional development programs.
Proposta de sequência didática: o podcast como ferramenta na aprendizagem de cinemática

Vivencia-se um cenario na educacao contemporânea, no qual os estudantes de fisica se distanciam do que e lecionado na sala de aula. Destaca-se o ensino da cinematica em que as formulas, muitas vezes, sao apresentadas pelo professor atraves de uma abordagem tradicional. Os alunos se sentem desestimulados e consequentemente enfrentam dificuldades no aprendizado. Assim, apresentamos uma sequencia didatica, envolvendo o podcast como uma ferramenta facilitadora da assimilacao desse conteudo para alunos do 9o ano do ensino fundamental. Foi utilizado o modelo de mineracao de textos webibliomining para embasar o trabalho. A sequencia didatica contribui para a insercao da tecnologia no ambiente escolar, alem de potencializar a producao de saberes construidos de forma coletiva. Espera-se que a sequencia didatica possa ser aplicada ou adaptada para outros publicos em outros contextos. PROPOSED DIDACTIC SEQUENCE: THE PODCAST AS A TOOL IN LEARNING KINEMATICS There is a scenario in contemporary education in which students of physics distance themselves from what is taught in the classroom. The teaching of kinematics stands out, in which formulas are often presented by the teacher through a traditional approach. Students feel discouraged and consequently face difficulties in learning. Thus, we present a didactic sequence, involving the podcast as a tool to facilitate the assimilation of this content for 9th grade students. The model of web-based text mining was used to underpin the work. The didactic sequence contributes to the insertion of technology in the school environment, in addition to enhancing the production of knowledge built collectively. It is hoped that the didactic sequence can be applied or adapted for other audiences in other contexts.
Exogenous and endogenous sources of serine contribute to colon cancer metabolism, growth, and resistance to 5-fluorouracil

Serine is a non-essential amino acid generated by the sequential actions of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT1), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH). Increased serine biosynthesis occurs in several cancers and supports tumor growth. Additionally, cancer cells can harness exogenous serine to enhance their metabolism and proliferation. Here we tested the relative contributions of exogenous and endogenous sources of serine on the biology of colorectal cancer (CRC). In murine tumors, Apc status was identified as a determinant of the expression of genes controlling serine synthesis. In patient samples, PSAT1 was overexpressed in both colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Combining genetic deletion of PSAT1 with exogenous serine deprivation maximally suppressed the proliferation of CRC cells and induced profound metabolic defects including diminished nucleotide production. Inhibition of serine synthesis enhanced the transcriptional changes following exogenous serine removal as well as alterations associated with DNA damage. Both loss of PSAT1 and removal of serine from the diet were necessary to suppress CRC xenograft growth and enhance the anti-tumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Restricting endogenous and exogenous serine in vitro augmented 5-FU induced cell death, DNA damage, and metabolic perturbations, likely accounting for the observed anti-tumor effect. Collectively, our results suggest that both endogenous and exogenous sources of serine contribute to CRC growth and resistance to 5-FU.
A review of animal models from 2015 to 2020 for preclinical chronic wounds relevant to human health.

Abstract Significance Chronic wounds fail to heal in a timely manner and exhibit sustained inflammation with slow tissue repair and remodelling. They decrease mobility and quality of life, and remain a major clinical challenge in the long-term care of many patients, affecting 6.5 million individuals annually in the U.S., decreasing mobility and quality of life. Treatment costs are a major burden on the U.S. healthcare system, totalling between $25 and $100 billion annually. Chronic wound severity depends upon several factors such as comorbidities, severity of tissue damage, infection and presence of necrosis and vary greatly in their healing mechanisms. In vivo animal models are critical for studying healing pathways of chronic wounds and seek to replicate clinical factors for trials of topical, systemic, and device-based therapeutics. This comprehensive review discusses murine, rat, lapine, canine, feline and porcine models of chronic wounds. Recent advances Foundational chronic wound models for several species are discussed together with refinements and advances in the time period between 2015 and 2020 which have the potential for broad utility in investigating biological and device-based wound treatment therapies for human health. Critical issues Chronic wounds fail to heal in a timely manner and have differing aetiologies, rendering no single in vivo animal model universally applicable. Future directions Further studies are required to develop clinically relevant chronic wound animal model which reflect the clinical reality of the various influences of age, disease, comorbidities and gender on delayed healing and enhance understanding of the biological processes of human wound healing.
Terahertz response of monolayer and few-layer WTe2 at the nanoscale

Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) is an atomically layered transition metal dichalcogenide whose physical properties change systematically from monolayer to bilayer and few-layer versions. In this report, we use apertureless scattering-type near-field optical microscopy operating at Terahertz (THz) frequencies and cryogenic temperatures to study the distinct THz range electromagnetic responses of mono-, bi- and trilayer WTe2 in the same multi-terraced micro-crystal. THz nano-images of monolayer terraces uncovered weakly insulating behavior that is consistent with transport measurements. The near-field signal on bilayer regions shows moderate metallicity with negligible temperature dependence. Subdiffractional THz imaging data together with theoretical calculations involving thermally activated carriers favor the semimetal scenario with $$\Delta \approx -10\,{{{\rm{meV}}}}$$ over the semiconductor scenario for bilayer WTe2. Also, we observed clear metallic behavior of the near-field signal on trilayer regions. Our data are consistent with the existence of surface plasmon polaritons in the THz range confined to trilayer terraces in our specimens. Finally, data for microcrystals up to 12 layers thick reveal how the response of a few-layer WTe2 asymptotically approaches the bulk limit. The behaviour of Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) in few-layer form is not yet fully characterized. Here the authors use a near-field terahertz microscopy technique to observe the electromagnetic responses of WTe2 flakes from one to several layers and to study their semimetallic/ semiconducting behavior.
Students as Scholars & Writers: Teaching Undergraduate Writing in a Hybrid Course

This presentation explores an innovative approach for engaging undergraduates in the writing process. As universities across the country struggle to find ways of improving student writing and critical thinking, the Students as Scholars initiative encourages faculty to create new, exciting ways of inspiring students to embark a life-long path of scholarly inquiry and writing improvement. Through an iterative, intensive, hybrid course design, our course affords students multiple opportunities for learning, practicing, and reflecting on the craft of academic writing. This presentation discusses how we integrate writing into a Capstone in Criminology, Law & Society course, where students learn a new topic, independently and collectively collect and analyze data, and write a research paper all in the course of one semester. Based on 2.5 years of participant observation and pre- and post-semester survey data, we discuss the processes students undergo while learning to research and write as scholars.
INTERACTING ELECTRON GAS IN METALs

In these lectures I propose to discuss the behavior of an interacting electron gas in the “Jellium” model of a metal. Results, which we shall obtain on the basis of this model, are indeed applicable to simple metals. In this connection, I would derive an expression for the wave number and frequency dependent dielectric function of the electron gas, the latter, as you perhaps know, playss an important role in all transport phenomena in metals and in the calculation of other interesting physicalp properties. In deriving th is expression, I shall use the equation of motion method rather than the more fashionable diagrammatic technique. Using the latter technique, although very powerful and suggestive, not muchP rogress has been made since the important work of Hubbard [ 1]. I shall closely follow the approach as developed by Singwi et al [2]. We shall also attempt to establish the connection between our work and that of Hohenberg, Kohn and Sham [3, 4]. As occasion arises, I shall point out some of the unsolved problems.
Symposium: The Next Generation of Environmental & Natural Resources Law: What Has Changed in 40 Years and What Needs to Change as a Result – Introduction

Introduction to symposium: The Next Generation of Environmental & Natural Resources Law: What Has Changed in 40 Years and What Needs to Change as a Result September 28-29, 2012, at the University of Akron School of Law Most U.S. statutes addressing problems relating to natural resources and the environment were drafted approximately 40 years ago. In addition to whatever imperfections these statutes may have had at the time, we now have four decades of change – changing technology, changing environmental harms and consequences, changing culture and global relationships. It is time to take stock of what we have, amendments and all, and consider whether we need to make more significant changes, not only to existing laws, regulations, and agency policies, but to fill some of the large gaps that have become more apparent over these decades. We need to begin to focus our proposals on what has changed over the years. We will meet this fall to discuss how things are different, how they are continuing to change, and how we can best address the environmental and natural resource issues of the future. Saturday Panel Schedule: Welcoming remarks by Kalyani Robbins, University of Akron School of Law Rethinking Our Foundational Theories: Moderated by Rebecca M. Bratspies, CUNY School of Law Robin Kundis Craig, University of Utah S.J. Quinney College of Law: The Death of Sustainability as an Environmental Goal: Climate Change, Principled Flexibility, and Definitional Headaches Arthur F. McEvoy, Southwestern Law School: Environmental Law and the Collapse of New Deal Constitutionalism Michael Burger, Roger Williams University School of Law: New Narratives in Environmental Law What’s Next in Natural Resources Management: Moderated by John Copeland Nagle, University of Notre Dame Law School Eric Biber, Boalt Hall School of Law, U.C. Berkeley: The Role of Adaptive Management in the Future of Environmental Law Keith H. Hirokawa, Albany Law School: Aligning Regulation with the Informational Need: Ecosystem Services and the Next Generation of Environmental Law Denis Binder, Chapman University School of Law: 350 Years of Resource Exploitation Followed by 40 Years of Environmental Protection: Which is the Future? New and Creative Regulatory Schemes: Moderated by Federico Cheever, University of Denver Sturm College of Law Albert Lin, U.C. Davis School of Law: Environmental Power to the People Douglas R. Williams, Saint Louis University School of Law: Toward Regional Governance in Environmental Law Jessica Owley, SUNY Buffalo Law School: The Increasing Privatization of Environmental Law: An Efficient Allocation of Resources and Expertise or a Shirking of Governmental Duties?
Low Activity Blanket Designs and Heat Transfer for Experimental Power Reactors

Two minimum activity blanket designs are described, based on the ANL TEPR circular design parameters. A first wall loading (plasma on) of 1.0 MW(th)/m/sup 2/ has been assumed. The first option is composed of SAP (sintered aluminum product) modules. The oval shaped SAP shell, in which approximately 45 percent of the fusion energy is removed, is maintained at a temperature of approximately 400/sup 0/C by a He coolant stream. The remaining 55 percent of the fusion energy is deposited in a thermally insulated hot interior (SiC and B/sub 4/C) and removed by a separate He coolant, with exit temperature of 800/sup 0/C. In the second option, the blanket is a thick graphite block structure (approximately 50 cm thickness) with SAP coolant tubes carrying He (50 atm) embedded deep within the graphite to minimize radiation damage. The neutron and gamma energy deposited in the graphite is radiated along internal slots and conducted through the graphite to the coolant tubes. To reduce surface evaporation above 2000/sup 0/C, the blanket surface is radiatively cooled to a low temperature radiation sink, a bank of He cooled SAP tubes. Approximately 20 percent of the fusion energy is removed in this region, the remaining 80 percentmore » in the primary graphite-aluminum blanket. Both blanket options are mounted on heavy Al backing plates, cooled by He, which are in turn supported from the fixed shield.« less
Monolithic, series-connected InP/Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As tandem solar cells

The status of monolithic, series-connected InP/Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As tandem solar cells is presented. Large-area, 2-terminal tandem cells designed for 1-sun applications in space are reported for the first time. AMO efficiencies as high as 20.1% at 25/spl deg/C have been measured for cells with an area of 1.00 cm/sup 2/. Areas for further improvement are discussed. >
Enhancement of rod outer segment GTPase accelerating protein activity by the inhibitory subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase.

The cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) of retinal rod outer segments (ROS) is activated by the GTP-bound form of the G protein, transducin (Gt alpha). This activation can be reversed by the inhibitory gamma subunit of PDE through two distinct mechanisms: acceleration of GTP hydrolysis and direct inactivation independent of GTP hydrolysis. We have found that acceleration of Gt alpha GTPase by PDE gamma does not occur upon formation of a Gt alpha PDE gamma complex but rather reflects enhanced activity toward this complex of a membrane-bound GTPase accelerating protein. GTPase rate constants for Gt alpha in the presence of 3.3 microM PDE gamma were as high as 0.7 s-1 with hypotonically washed ROS membranes at 40 microM rhodopsin but were more than 10-fold lower when protein-free vesicles containing ROS lipids were substituted for ROS membranes. Acceleration of Gt alpha GTPase by PDE gamma was also barely detectable at low ROS concentrations (e.g. 4 microM rhodopsin) or if ROS treated with trypsin or urea were used. GTPase-independent inactivation by PDE gamma occurred efficiently at much lower membrane concentrations. Inhibition of Gt alpha-activated PDE was much slower than inhibition of PDE alpha beta by PDE gamma. Effects of PDE gamma upon successive additions of GTP suggested formation of a complex of PDE gamma and Gt alpha-GDP that is refractory to reactivation.
Exploiting predictable response training to improve automatic recognition of children's spoken responses

The unpredictability of spoken responses by young children (6-7 years old) makes them problematic for automatic speech recognizers. Aist and Mostow proposed predictable response training to improve automatic recognition of children's free-form spoken responses. We apply this approach in the context of Project LISTEN's Reading Tutor to the task of teaching children an important reading comprehension strategy, namely to make up their own questions about text while reading it. We show how to use knowledge about strategy instruction and the story text to generate a language model that predicts questions spoken by children during comprehension instruction. We evaluated this model on a previously unseen test set of 18 utterances totaling 137 words spoken by 11 second grade children in response to prompts the Reading Tutor inserted as they read. Compared to using a baseline trigram language model that does not incorporate this knowledge, speech recognition using the generated language model achieved concept recall 5 times higher – so much that the difference was statistically significant despite small sample size.
Empirical validation of Yager's measure of decision tranquility

R.R. Yager (1982) has proposed a measure of tranquility as a possible surrogate for the cognitive or emotional effects experienced by individuals making a best choice decision. The authors have designed and performed an empirical experiment to validate this claim. University student subjects' responses to a paper and pencil survey suggested that Yager's measure exhibits considerable merit. The subjects were asked to rate their subjective confidence that a selected alternative was the best when confronted with various decision functions over a set of eight alternatives. Results of the experiment uncovered different behavior for graduate and undergraduate students. >