cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distortion Correction via Non-rigid Registration of Functional to Anatomical Magnetic Resonance Brain Images

Functional to anatomical brain image registration is needed for accurate localization of brain activation maps. Due to the presence of nonlinear distortions, it is more effective to consider non-rigid transformations to achieve such a registration. In this paper, a non-rigid registration technique based on the B-spline free-form deformation model and mutual information similarity measure is introduced. An optimization formulation is devised to achieve a fast and robust registration. This formulation differs from the previous formulations by utilizing a limited-memory, second-order optimization algorithm instead of the usual first-order gradient-based algorithms. It also enforces hard parameter constraints instead of constraints based upon physics or Jacobian smoothness. The results obtained indicate that this registration technique provides improvements over rigid and affine techniques when registering functional to anatomical magnetic resonance brain images.
The use of qualitative methods and practitioners-as-authors in journal publications of police research

Two areas of criminology and criminal justice research (CCJ) receive regular attention in the academic literature – the underutilization of qualitative methods and the proper role of research in policy. This paper advances the understanding of both of these issues in the field of police scholarship. It presents the results of content and chi-square analyses of 88 empirical studies of US police published in top policing and CCJ journals. This study finds that the top policing and CCJ journals publish articles that use qualitative methods at vastly disproportionate rates than those using quantitative methods. Police-specific journals publish articles using mixed methods at a higher rate than CCJ journals. Data on practitioners-as-authors, articles’ funding sources and topics, and levels of law enforcement studied also inform considerations for police practitioners, police researchers, and collaborations between them.
Examination by the American Board of Prosthodontics--an evaluation.

Abstract This brief evaluation of the Board examination is strictly that of the writer. I charge this Workshop to further evaluate the examination and make recommendations to the Board.
Stressful events among pregnant Salvadoran women: a cross-cultural comparison.

Objective To compare stressful events, including violent episodes, experienced by pregnant Salvadoran women with those experienced by two other groups of low-income, pregnant women living in the United States (non-Salvadoran Hispanics and non- Hispanics) and to examine the association between episodes of violence and drug or alcohol use among the three groups. Design Comparative, descriptive study. Setting Public health prenatal clinics. Participants One hundred four Salvadoran, 69 non-Salvadoran Hispanic, and 187 non-Hispanic pregnant women. Main Outcome Measures Difficult Life Circumstances (DLC) scale and psychosocial history assessment. Results Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups in total DLC scores, F (2, 357)=14.98, p F (2, 357=17.82, p F (2, 357)=6.33, p F (3, 360)=6.28, p Conclusions Cross-cultural comparisons revealed group differences in the number of stressful events, including episodes of violence and alcohol or drug use.
Quiet-flow Ludwieg tube for high-speed transition research

Low-noise supersonic wind tunnels are required for unambiguous experimental research into high-speed laminar-flow instability and transition. The experience of the successful NASA Langley quiet-tunnel development program has been used to design and construct a new kind of low-cost, short-duration, quiet-flow tunnel. Measurements of the flow quality in the 9.7 x 10.9 cm Mach 4 test section were obtained using fast response pressure transducers mounted in the tip of a pitot tube. When the rms pitot pressure is approximately 0.05-0.10% of the mean pitot pressure, bursts of noise appear in the pitot-pressure signals. These bursts appear to be the radiated signature of turbulent spots in the boundary layers on the nozzle walls. Their appearance confirms the presence of laminar nozzle-wall boundary layers and quiet flow when the rms pitot pressure is about 0.06% or less. Based on this criterion, quiet flow is achieved to Reynolds numbers based on the axial length of the quiet-flow test region of more than 400,000 at unit Reynolds numbers of approximately 40,000 per cm. This performance is sufficient for research into receptivity, roughness, and instability effects at high speeds.
Structure-based design of a fluorimetric redox active peptide probe

Structure-based iterative design was used to prepare a disulfide-containing nonapeptide as a fluorimetric probe for chemical and biochemical disulfide forming and breaking reactions. The peptide is composed entirely of natural amino acids and exhibits a marked (42%) change in fluorescence between its oxidized and its reduced states. The probe is easily synthesized and highly water soluble and exhibits well-behaved kinetics on reduction with the reductant tris-carboxyethylphosphine. The reduced peptide is an excellent substrate of the enzyme quiescin-sulfhydryl oxidase and may find utility in the characterization of other disulfide oxidoreductases.
Development of a Low-Cost Experimental Quadcopter Testbed Using an Arduino Controller for Video Surveillance

This paper outlines the process of assembling an autonomous quadcopter platform from scratch and designing control laws to stabilize it using an Arduino Mega. Quadcopter dynamics are explored through the equations of motion. Then a quadcopter is designed and assembled using off-the-shelf, low-cost products to carry a camera payload which is utilized for video surveillance missions. The unstable, non-linear quadcopter dynamics are stabilized using a generic PID controller. System identification of the quadcopter is accomplished through the use of sweep data and CIFER to obtain the dynamic model.
Culture pH Affects Expression Rates and Glycosylation of Recombinant Mouse Placental Lactogen Proteins by Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells

Glycosylation patterns and specific expression rates of the recombinant protein mouse placental lactogen-I (mPL-I) by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells varied significantly over the extracellular pH (pHe) range of 6.1 to 8.7. The maximum specific mPL-I expression rates occurred between pHe 7.6 and 8.0. The pHe effect on protein expression was confirmed using a different CHO cell expressing the unglycosylated recombinant protein mouse placental lactogen-II (mPL-II). Decreases in the extent of glycosylation of mPL-I were observed at low (below 6.9) and high (above 8.2) pHe values. The pHe dependent variations in mPL-I accumulation in the supernatant as well as in glycosylation patterns were not the result of enzymatic degradation in the culture medium.
Petrogenesis of a high‐temperature metamorphic terrane: a new tectonic interpretation for the north Dabieshan, central China

The northern Dabie terrane consists of a variety of metamorphic rocks with minor mafic-ultramafic blocks, and abundant Jurassic-Cretaceous granitic plutons. The metamorphic rocks include orthogneisses, amphibolite, migmatitic gneiss with minor granulite and metasediments; no eclogite or other high-pressure metamorphic rocks have been found. Granulites of various compositions occur either as lenses, blocks or layers within clinopyroxene-bearing amphibolite or gneiss. The palaeosomes of most migmatitic gneisses contain clinopyroxene; melanosomes and leucosomes are intimately intermingled, tightly folded and may have formed in situ. The granulites formed at about 800–830 °C and 10–14 kbar and display near-isothermal decompression P–T paths that may have resulted from crust thickened by collision. Plagioclase-amphibole coronae around garnets and matrix PI + Hbl assemblages from mafic and ultramafic granulites formed at about 750–800 °C. Partial replacement of clinopyroxene by amphibole in gneiss marks amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism. Amphibolite facies orthogneisses and interlayered amphibolites formed at 680–750 °C and c. 6 kbar. Formation of oligoclase + orthoclase antiperthite after plagioclase took place in migmatitic gneisses at T ≤ 490°C in response to a final stage of retrograde recrystallization. These P–T estimates indicate that the northern Dabie metamorphic granulite-amphibolite facies terrane formed in a metamorphic field gradient of 20–35 °C km-1 at intermediate to low pressures, and may represent the Sino-Korean hangingwall during Triassic subduction for formation of the ultrahigh- and high-P units to the south. Post-collisional intrusion of a mafic-ultramafic cumulate complex occurred due to breakoff of the subducting slab.
Cushing's syndrome associated with bronchial adenoma.

Abstract A case of Cushing's syndrome associated with a bronchial adenoma treated eight years before with bilateral adrenalectomy was cured by surgical excision of the bronchial adenoma. A discussion of clinical and hormonal features of this lesion is presented. It is concluded that this tumor manifested a capability of synthesizing and releasing substances which are chemically and biologically similar to adrenocorticotropic hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Stimulation of the adrenal cortex by this material results in hyperplasia and hypersecretion, and stimulation of the melanocytes by MSH resulted in excessive pigmentation.
L-shell ionization of atoms and their subsequent decay by radiative and non-radiative transitions

The study of the ionization of atoms resulting in vacancies in their inner shells and the subsequent decay of the atomic-vacancy states by x-ray and Auger transitions continue to be an active area of interest. A rapid survey of the theoretical efforts to calculate the transition probabilities involvingL-subshells in the high-Z atoms is presented. A complete review of theL 1-subshell yields for single-vacancy atomic states obtained by various experimental techniques is included. The production of multiple vacancies in theL shell and the role of the spectator vacancies in the decay process is discussed. A detailed case study of determining experimentally the number of multiple vacancies produced, and the x-ray fluorescence yields during ionization by heavy-ion bombardment is presented. It is established that the effect of spectator vacancies is to increase the x-ray fluorescence yields substantially.
Three-pronged assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder and its consequences: Personality functioning, pathological traits, and psychosocial disability.

The alternative dimensional model of personality disorder (PD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), Section III, has two main criteria: Impairment in personality functioning and one or more pathological personality traits. The former is defined as disturbances in self functioning (viz., identity, self-direction), and/or interpersonal functioning (viz., empathy, intimacy). Distinguishing personality functioning and traits is important conceptually, because simply having extreme traits is not necessarily pathological. However, adding personality functioning to PD diagnosis represents an empirical challenge, because the constructs overlap conceptually. Further, there is debate regarding whether diagnosis of mental disorder requires either distress or disability, concepts that also overlap with maladaptive-range personality traits and personality dysfunction. We investigated interrelations among these constructs using multiple self-report measures of each domain in a mixed community-patient sample (N = 402). We examined the structures of functioning (psychosocial disability and personality), and personality traits, first independently, then jointly. The disability/functioning measures yielded the three dimensions we have found previously (Ro & Clark, 2013). Trait measures had a hierarchical structure which, at the five-factor level, reflected neuroticism/negative affectivity (N/NA), (low) sociability, disinhibition, (dis)agreeableness, and rigid goal engagement. When all measures were co-factored, a hierarchical structure again emerged which, at the five-factor level, included (1) internalizing (N/NA and self-pathology vs. quality-of-life/satisfaction), (2) externalizing (social/interpersonal dysfunction, low sociability, and disagreeableness), (3) disinhibition, (4) poor basic functioning, and (5) rigid goal engagement. Results are discussed in terms of developing an integrated PD diagnostic model.
Solid‐state 13C‐NMR and equilibrium‐swelling studies of filled, TBBS‐accelerated sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber

The effective network chain density (v e ) and the density of the chains between sulfurizations (2[S] chem ) for natural rubber vulcanized with N-t-butyl benzothiazole sulfenamide (TBBS) in different levels of HAF-HS (N347) carbon black were determined by equilibrium swelling and solid-state 13 C-NMR measurements, respectively. The proportion of the intermolecular crosslinks over a whole range of sulfurized products (Ec) for the gum stock was estimated by the comparison of the chemical network chain density (v chem ) calculated from v e using Mullins's approach with 2[S] chem . Ec increases with cure, reaches a maximum at an optimum cure state (t90), and decreases during an overcuring. It was observed from the NMR results that the total amount of chemical sulfurization reactions occurring in the rubber is almost independent of the level of carbon black loading. Based on the assumption that the amount of the intermolecular crosslinking reactions is also constant with the carbon black content, the amount of physical crosslinks (vent) in filled formulations was determined by subtracting the estimated vchem from the v e . The linear relationship obtained from the plot of the vent at the optimum cure state (t90) as a function of carbon black content postulates that the physical adsorption plays a major role in the polymer-filler interactions.
Difference as a resource for learning and enhancing science education

In social life it seems we are always dealing with difference and, speaking for myself, in some fields I am more successful than in others. Basically, the criterion for success is to meet individual and collective goals within a field while maintaining solidarity among participants in the field. Within a given field, such as science education, participants cluster together around social categories (i.e., structures) such as adherence to theoretical orientations—such as sociocultural theories, conceptual change theories, and positivism. Given the existence of these islands, a goal is to bind the clusters, that is, to create social bonds and networks that connect social groups within a field, not by eliminating difference in favor of sameness, but by showing respect for difference. This is the situation we face within the field of science education. During 2009 I have had the good fortune to participate in numerous international conferences in science education, in the US (2), Australia (2), Turkey, Spain and Taiwan. During these meetings I got a strong sense that the theoretical perspectives that inform my work are very much in a minority. The mainstream is still centrally involved in theories that regard learning as conceptual change and for the most part address social and cultural issues as context, which is seen as separate from (but related to) the object of their inquiry. When I make a presentation, even a plenary address, my experience is that leaders in our field are not in the audience and when I read policy reports, reviews of research, and research reports from mainstream science educators they seldom cite work in science education that involves the uses of sociocultural theory. Consistent with this experience, during the plenary sessions at the meetings I attended this year, research in science education that employed sociocultural theory frequently was ignored entirely or presented as a framework that is not well understood, ill defined, and lacking cohesion. One way to describe the way in which the mainstream has dealt with difference, in this example, is to say it has been silent about the difference or has regarded difference through deficit lenses. Being in the minority in this case I experience the mainstream approaches I have described as painful—disrespectful, unscholarly and detrimental to science education.
Meaning's reach

L'A. etudie les conditions de possibilite d'une approche non-cognitive de la signification, c'est-a-dire d'une approche realiste de la signification qui ne residerait pas dans la tete. Trouvant ses motivations methodologiques dans l'hermeneutique anthropologique empruntee a C. Geertz, l'A. developpe l'exemple des paysages et des logements de l'Angleterre et des Etats-Unis du XIX e siecle, dont la valeur symbolique remet en question la raisonnabilite cognitive et la portee meme de la signification
Collisional evolution of rotating, non-identical particles

Hameen-Anttila's (1984) theory of self-gravitating collisional particle disks is extended to include the effects of particle spin. Equations are derived for the coupled evolution of random velocities and spins, showing that friction and surface irregularity both reduce the local velocity dispersion and transfer significant amounts of random kinetic energy to rotational energy. Results for the equilibrium ratio of rotational energy to random kinetic energy are exact not only for identical nongravitating mass points, but also if finite size, self-gravitating forces, or size distribution are included. The model is applied to the dynamics of Saturn's rings, showing that the inclusion of rotation reduces the geometrical thickness of the layer of cm-sized particles to, at most, about one-half, with large particles being less affected.
Tectonic pressurization of aquifers in the formation of Mangala and Athabasca Valles, Mars

[1] Mangala and Athabasca Valles are the type examples of a distinct class of outflow channels that debouch directly from extensional tectonic features. We here demonstrate that the tectonic events responsible for the formation of the graben and fissures at the sources of the channels would have likely resulted in a near-instantaneous pressurization of the surrounding aquifers. Subsequent drainage of the pressurized aquifers though the confining cryosphere to the surface along the tectonically generated faults and fissures would have produced the catastrophic floods responsible for forming the channels. The peak discharges and individual flood volumes would have been dependent upon the magnitude of the individual tectonic events at the source regions. We estimate that individual extensional tectonic events at the source regions of Mangala and Athabasca Valles would have resulted in flood volumes ranging from 3 to 300 km3 and peak discharges ranging from 105 to 106 m3 s−1. Our models further show that the entire extensional tectonic history of Athabasca Valles would have resulted in a total cumulative flood volume of 200–14,000 km3, whereas that at Mangala Valles would have resulted in a total flood volume of 3000–22,000 km3, both consistent with inferred flood volumes based on the geomorphology. Athabasca Valles in particular is of interest as it is the youngest of the outflow channels, demonstrating that this mechanism has brought substantial volumes of water to the surface in the present epoch.
Glucocorticoids regulate natural killer cell function epigenetically

Although glucocorticoids are well known for their capacity to suppress the immune response, glucocorticoids can also promote immune responsiveness. It was the purpose of this investigation to evaluate the molecular basis for this apparent dichotomous immunologic effect. Glucocorticoid treatment of natural killer cells (NK) was shown to reduce NK cell cytolytic activity by reduction of histone promoter acetylation for perforin and granzyme B, which corresponded with reduced mRNA and protein for each. In contrast, glucocorticoid treatment increased histone acetylation at regulatory regions for interferon gamma and IL-6, as well as chromatin accessibility for each. This increase in histone acetylation was associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein production upon cellular stimulation. These immunologic effects were evident at the level of the individual cell and demonstrate glucocorticoids to epigenetically reduce NK cell cytolytic activity while at the same time to prime NK cells for proinflammatory cytokine production.
In the shadow of the thrombus

Platelets accumulate on the downstream face of a developing blood clot after local changes in blood flow. These findings offer new insights into how platelets pile up at sites of vascular injury (pages 665–673).
Affective and cognitive information behavior: Interaction effects in Internet use

The presence and influence of affective variables in information behavior was studied. Affective load (AL), a compound variable consisting of uncertainty and technophobia measures, was found to be present in a variety of simple and complex information tasks integrated into upper-division, disciplinary coursework. Affective load was higher in those who reported low values of affective coping skills and who had either high or low cognitive assessment scores. Affective coping skills (ACS) consist of self-efficacy (SE) and optimism (Op) measures. High self-efficacy and optimism have been found to significantly and beneficially influence success in a variety of information tasks, by counteracting the effects of negative emotions such as irritation and frustration. In this study, high coping skills provided a significant affective advantage as indicated by higher optimism, stronger self-efficacy, lower uncertainty, higher support and acceptance of the system and lower affective load. The group with high cognitive skills reported significantly higher optimism, higher affective coping skills and higher felt exercise of control, demonstrating an interaction between cognitive and affective skills. There was a distinct advantage for those who had both high affective coping skills and high cognitive skills. They experienced relatively low affective load and high acceptance of the system.
A model weakly-pinned charge-density wave: Electrons on a helium film*

Two-dimensional electron lattices supported by a helium film on a rough substrate are pinned by variations in the underlying image potential. The strength of the pinning potential is varied by changing the film thickness. The finite-frequency conduction properties and current noise spectrum of this system are reported. They are qualitatively identical to those of pinned charge-density waves in other systems.
A new technique for producing myocardial infarction using coronary artery balloon occlusion

Many techniques for producing myocardial infarction have required the potential physiological altering effects of a thoracotomy. Previous techniques have used the variable and therefore unpredictable effects of coronary artery injection of occlusive agents, intravascular plugs, and externalised coronary balloon catheters. Previous investigators have reported a survival rate of 50–70%. In the present study a new closed chest dog technique was used in which a catheter with an inflatable detachable balloon was placed in the aorta via the carotid artery. The catheter could be readily lodged into any portion of the right, left anterior, or circumflex coronary artery. The proximal left anterior descending and circumflex arteries were occluded in 15 dogs. This new coronary artery balloon occlusion technique may be used to produce a chronic myocardial infarction with a high survival rate of 90% through the use of short acting anaesthesia and rapid reversal of the effect of morphine with naloxone hydrochloride. The rapid recovery of the dog permits earlier study of haemodynamic variables and arrhythmia due to myocardial infarction in the best physiological state.
Rapid Depletion of Target Proteins Allows Identification of Coincident Physiological Responses

Targeted protein degradation is a powerful tool that can be used to create unique physiologies depleted of important factors. Current strategies involve modifying a gene of interest such that a degradation peptide is added to an expressed target protein and then conditionally activating proteolysis, either by expressing adapters, unmasking cryptic recognition determinants, or regulating protease affinities using small molecules. For each target, substantial optimization may be required to achieve a practical depletion, in that the target remains present at a normal level prior to induction and is then rapidly depleted to levels low enough to manifest a physiological response. Here, we describe a simplified targeted degradation system that rapidly depletes targets and that can be applied to a wide variety of proteins without optimizing target protease affinities. The depletion of the target is rapid enough that a primary physiological response manifests that is related to the function of the target. Using ribosomal protein S1 as an example, we show that the rapid depletion of this essential translation factor invokes concomitant changes to the levels of several mRNAs, even before appreciable cell division has occurred.
Hot water extraction with in situ wet oxidation: PAHs removal from soil

We are reporting the results of a small-scale batch extraction with and without in situ wet oxidation of soils polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using subcritical water (liquid water at high temperatures and pressures but below the critical point as the removal agent). Two types of soil; one spiked with four PAHs, and an aged sample were used. Experiments were carried out in a 300 ml volume reactor in the batch mode. In each experiment, the reactor was filled with 45-50 g of soil and 200-220 ml of double distilled water. For extraction without oxidation, the reactor was pressurized with nitrogen, while for those with the oxidation, an oxidizing agent (air, oxygen or hydrogen peroxide) was used. The extraction only experiments were carried out at 230, 250 and 270 degrees C for spiked soil samples, and at 250 degrees C for aged soil samples, while all of the combined extraction and oxidation experiments were carried out at 250 degrees C. Removal of PAHs from spiked soil in extraction-only experiments was from 79 to 99+% depending on the molecular weight of the PAH. This was in the range of 99.1% to excess of 99.99% for the combined extraction and oxidation. While 28-100% of extracted PAHs can be found in water phase in case of extraction alone, this reduces to a maximum of 10% if the extraction is combined with oxidation. With aged soil similar or comparable results were obtained. Based on these results, extraction with hot water, if combined with oxidation, would probably reduce the cost of post treatment for the water and can be used as a feasible alternative technique for remediation of contaminated soils and sediments.
High-Resolution Velocity And Slope Analysis

A new method of velocity and slope analysis sased on the joint use of the output of a linear velocity malysis procedure and nonlinear penalty function is described. The penalty function is defined as a nonotonic continuous function of the signal-to-noise ratio zstimate, calculated in the moving timewindow for a given set of velocities of the seismic waves or a given set )f slopes of seismic reflections in the stacked CDP ;ection.
The Dynamics of Social Indicator Research for California’s Central Valley in Transition

How can social indicator research improve understanding of community health as well as inform stakeholders about the assets disadvantaged communities have for coping with disparities? This paper describes the development and evolution of the Partnership for Assessment of Communities (PAC) and its best practices for social indicator research. The PAC will be of interest to researchers across multiple disciplines for a number of reasons. First, PAC is a working model of best practices for multidisciplinary scholarly inquiry. Second, it has developed an integrated model of quantitative and qualitative methodology to define and measure community health as compared to traditional quality-of-life indicators. Third, it serves as an example of “action research,” in that the findings have the potential to make an impact on community stakeholders and policy outcomes in the greater Central San Joaquin Valley of California, a region characterized by deep social and economic disparities.
A phase I study of Adp53 (INGN 201; ADVEXIN) for patients with platinum- and paclitaxel-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer

Abstract Purpose . Adenoviral p53 (Adp53) is a replication-deficient adenovirus containing human p53 cDNA. This phase I study was designed as a toxicity study of multiple dosing of Adp53 administered by intraperitoneal (IP) delivery to patients with ovarian cancer. Experimental Design . Eligibility criteria included patients with platinum- and paclitaxel-resistant metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer; a Zubrod performance status of 0, 1, or 2; and adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal function. Patients underwent laparoscopy, washings, biopsies, and placement of an IP catheter within 10 days of Adp53 administration. Adp53 was given daily for 5 days every 3 weeks at one of the following four dose levels: 3 × 10 10 , 3 × 10 11 , 1 × 10 12 , or 3 × 10 12 viral particles (vp). Results . Seventeen patients were enrolled in the trial. Fifteen (88%) patients are evaluable for toxicity. The mean age of the study group was 51 years (range 32–67). All but one patient received two or more chemotherapy regimens before study entry. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were observed. Grade 3 toxicities included fatigue (six patients), fever (two patients), chills (one patient), abdominal pain (three patients), nausea (two patients), and sinus congestion (one patient). One patient had Grade 3 edema and headache. There were no hematologic toxicities. Eleven patients (65%) are evaluable for response. Two of 17 patients (12%) had a mixed response. Four patients (24%) had stable disease for up to four courses. Five patients (29%) had progressive disease after one to two courses. Conclusions . Multiple dosing of IP Adp53 was well tolerated in this group of heavily pretreated patients; however, the dosing schedule and the amount cannot be concluded from this study. With a negative randomized trial of ovarian cancer in front-line treatment that included an adenovirus p53 plus chemotherapy, we feel that further refinement of gene therapy is required before additional trials are undertaken. Overview summary . Ovarian cancer is the most lethal of the gynecologic malignancies. It also tends to recur and progress within the abdominal cavity. Because of this, regional intraperitoneal therapy for ovarian cancer is attractive. Mutation and/or deletion of the p53 gene are common in advanced ovarian cancer. In this study, we have tested the safety and practicality of using an adenovirus-mediated delivery of the p53 gene to patients with chemo-refractory ovarian cancer via an intraperitoneal catheter. Fifteen patients were treated. Common toxicities were abdominal pain, fever, and chills. Several patients also had catheter infections. One patient had prolonged decrease in CA125 and stable disease. The best mechanism of delivery of gene therapy for patients is unclear, however, no severe toxicities were found using an adenovirus-mediated p53 gene in this group heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.
Beyond Neighborhoods and Crime: Expanding the Scope of Social Disorganization to Explain Occupational Deviance

This article proposes a structural explanation for the occupational deviance dimension of white collar crime. The systemic model of social disorganization theory is used as a framework for understanding organizational conditions that produce high rates of occupational deviance. The model of workplace disorganization proposed here posits parallel mechanisms can be found in communities as well as organizations. Marginalized workplaces, employee turnover, and employee heterogeneity are antecedent factors that discourage employee network formation and collective action against deviance. By refocusing on organizational factors, we offer a broader understanding of occupational deviance, one that can predict and explain the workplace conditions under which counterproductive behaviors occur.
Cylindrical photonic bandgap fibers for high-power laser transmission (Abstract Only)

The problem of transmitting light through fibers has been synonymous with the identification of low loss materials, since the transparency of a conventional index-guided fiber cannot exceed that of its constituents. To date, precious few materials have been shown to exhibit high transparency at any wavelength and none have been found to exhibit it over wide wavelength ranges. The focus of our research at MIT has been on the elucidation of strategies for creating optical fibers where transparency is determined by the fiber microstructure, the ultimate goal being to create a fiber that is "more transparent than the materials that it is made from." This talk will present the underlying physics, materials selection and processing methodology which have resulted in the design and draw of hollow fibers lined with an interior omnidirectional dielectric mirror. A pair of glassy materials with substantially different indices of refraction but with similar thermo-mechanical properties was used to construct a fiber with multiple layers of alternating high and low refractive indices surrounded by a tough polymer cladding. Confinement of light in the hollow core is provided by the large photonic bandgaps established by the multiple alternating sub-micrometer-thick layers of a high-refractive-index chalcogenide glass and a low-index polymer. The fundamental and higher order transmission windows are determined by the layer thicknesses and can be scaled from 0.75 to 10.6 microns in wavelength. Recent transmission loss measurements were found to be orders of magnitude lower than those of the intrinsic fiber material, thus demonstrating that low attenuation can be achieved by structural design rather than high-transparency material selection. Scaling laws as well as device applications will be surveyed, recent results pertaining to CO 2 laser transmission will be presented, and future directions will be discussed.
Calibration Approach for Thermomechanical In-Plane Microactuator Self-Sensing

Microelectromecahanical system (MEMS) actuation is a growing area of research. One obstacle for use of actuation in MEMS applications is the difficulty of proper sensing. Recent work has been done that shows the potential for thermomechanical in-plane microactuators (TIMs) to act as self-sensors by using the piezoresistive characteristic of silicon. However, in order to implement this technology a calibration method needs to be devised to account for variations between TIMs. This work presents an approach for this calibration consisting of two parts that compensate for variation in fabrication and material properties. Test structures are presented that will enable this calibration to be done on-chip, and validation is given for the usability of this approach. Two validation approaches are used. For the first approach, data previously gathered was analyzed using the TIM itself for calibration. This approach showed significant correlation with the model; however, this approach confounds any sensing signal and therefore was used only for general model validation. The second approach uses a novel calibration structure that decouples the mechanical and electrical characteristics. This approach showed correlation with test data within the bounds of experimental uncertainty in nearly all cases. Suggestions are given concerning implementation.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Labral and cartilage abnormalities in young patients with hip pain: accuracy of 3-Tesla indirect MR arthrography

Assess the diagnostic accuracy of 3-T indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (iMRA) for hip cartilage and labral pathology detection using arthroscopy as the reference standard and compare it to the published performance of direct magnetic resonance arthrography (dMRA). Between 2009 and 2011, 290 patients suspected of having femoroacetabular impingement underwent iMRA. Our study group consisted of 41 of these patients (17 males, mean age 35 years; 24 females, mean age 33 years) who did not have a prior history of hip surgery and who subsequently underwent arthroscopy. Two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists separately evaluated the randomized and anonymized studies for the presence and quadrant location of labral and cartilage pathology. These recorded data were compared to arthroscopic reports. Forty-one patients had labral pathology, 34 patients had acetabular and 5 patients had femoral cartilage pathology at arthroscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative- and positive-predictive values for labral lesion detection were respectively 98, 99, 99, 99 and 98 %; for acetabular cartilage lesion detection they were 69, 98, 89, 87 and 95 %; for femoral cartilage lesion detection they were 69, 95, 93 and 39 %. Sensitivities of iMRA by quadrant (anteroinferior, anterosuperior, posteroinferior, posterosuperior) for the labrum were 100.0, 95.0, NA and 85.7 %, for acetabular cartilage were NA, 58.8, NA and 39.5 % and for femoral cartilage were 50.0, 33.3, 75.0 and 75.0 %). NA indicates results not available because of the absence of findings in those quadrants. Specificities of iMRA by quadrant (anteroinferior, anterosuperior, posteroinferior, posterosuperior) for the labrum (95.0, 100.0, 95.1, 67.5 %), acetabular (100.0, 85.7, 92.6, 79.5 %) and femoral cartilage (100.0, 94.7, 96.2, 85.9 %). iMRA at 3 T is accurate in detecting labral pathology suggesting that it is a viable alternative to dMRA.
Robot arm‐wrist coordination. Part 1. Quantitative rating

The robotic capability for controlled motion depends upon the robot's ability to coordinate its arm and wrist in order to accomplish the desired task. The objective of this article is to define formally the arm-wrist coordination and to introduce a quantitative measure for it. We develop a mathematical framework that provides for the analysis of the impact of both the fixed manipulator geometry and the changing robot configuration upon the efficiency of arm-wrist coordination. In the companion paper (Part 2). manipulator design guidelines are then formulated to guarantee task decomposition for any desired robot task. Numerical simulations demonstrate the efficacy of these design guidelines.
Autonomous Orbit Coordination for Two Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This work considers autonomous coordination between two Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in orbit about a target, with the purpose of geo-locating the target. Wind signican tly aects the relative phase angle between the vehicles. Guidance algorithms are investigated to maintain an approximately constant phase angle in wind. A planar-kinematic aircraft model is proposed in which the eects of attitude dynamics and nonlinearities are considered. 1. NOMENCLATURE Course, [rad] Va Airspeed, [m/s] Vg Inertial speed, [m/s] Vo Nominal inertial speed, [m/s] Vw Windspeed, [m/s] p Clock angle, or bearing from orbit center, [rad] Heading, [rad] w Wind direction (from), [rad] ~ V Velocity, [m/s] xN North position [m] yE East position [m] R Radius of orbit, [m] Subscripts w Wind e Earth xed North-East-Down frame (NED) b Body xed frame 1; 2 Vehicle 1; 2
The Improved NWS Storm Spotters' Training Program at Ft. Worth, Tex.

Abstract This paper describes improved methods of training volunteer tornado spotters in the National Weather Service's Skywarn program. The updated training program emphasizes the most likely tornado spawning area within a thunderstorm complex and also the types of clouds and weather phenomena that precede and accompany tornadoes. Diagrams and photographs illustrate the methods the author uses in training spotters. Finally, the early and accurate spotters’ assessment of a developing tornado system and the ensuing successful NWS warning are discussed.
Lipoxygenase reaction mechanism: demonstration that hydrogen abstraction from substrate precedes dioxygen binding during catalytic turnover.

Molecular oxygen is generally unreactive toward covalent bonds, due to spin conservation rules; a major role for oxygen-utilizing enzymes is, therefore, to activate dioxygen through a change in electronic configuration. In an effort to understand how lipoxygenase catalyzes lipid hydroperoxidation under conditions of catalytic turnover, kinetic deuterium isotope effects have been measured as a function of oxygen concentration. The properties of oxygen binding to lipoxygenase have also been pursued. The results presented herein show that, under steady state conditions, atmospheric oxygen enters the reaction pathway only after abstraction of hydrogen from substrate. Furthermore, it has not been possible to detect any form of lipoxygenase capable of binding molecular oxygen in the absence of activated substrate. We propose that molecular oxygen is not productively bound by lipoxygenase but rather interacts directly with the substrate radical lipoxygenase to form the hydroperoxyl radical of linoleate. A mechan...
Optimal policies for batch, chain addition polymerizations

Abstract The Maximum Principle was applied to determine temperature and initiator addition policies that minimize reaction times for chain addition polymerizations in batch reactors. The gel effect was considered. The optimal policies were found to be a rising temperature and a constant initiator concentration such that k eff for monomer conversion is constant. Under a strong “dead end” effect, the optimal policy results in a significant reduction in the polymerization reaction time. Numerical examples for the polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate are presented.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Caused by Defects in Soluble Lysosomal Enzymes (CLN1 and CLN2)

Infantile and classical late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are two recent additions to the expanding spectrum of lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficiencies in lysosomal hydrolases. They are latecomers to the lysosomal storage disorders, probably because of the heterogeneous nature of the storage material, which precluded meaningful biochemical analysis. Infantile NCL is caused by deficiency in palmitoyl-protein thioesterase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes fatty acids from cysteine residues in lipid-modified proteins. Classical late-infantile NCL is caused by a deficiency in tripeptidyl amino peptidase-I, a lysosomal peptidase that removes three amino acids from the free amino terminus of peptides or small proteins. Late-onset forms of these disorders have been described. The clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic aspects of these two latest lysosomal storage disorders are discussed in this review. In addition, approaches to treatment and future directions for research are examined.
Comparison of false-discovery rate for genome-wide and fine mapping regions

With technological advances in high-throughput genotyping, it is not unusual to perform hundreds of thousands of tests for each phenotype. Thus, correction to control type I error is essential. The false-discovery rate (FDR) has been successfully used in genome-wide expression data. However, its performance has not been evaluated for association analysis. Our objective was to analyze the Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 simulated data set, with answers, to evaluate FDR for genome-wide association and fine mapping. In genome-wide analysis, FDR performed well, with good localization of positive results. However, in fine mapping, all tested methods performed poorly, producing a high proportion of significant results. Thus, caution should be used when employing FDR for fine mapping.
Abstract A67: Obesity promotes growth of ovarian cancer through adipose stem cells

Purpose: Excess visceral adiposity increases the risk of ovarian cancer. Intraperitoneal spread to omental adipose is a frequent event and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women with ovarian cancer. We have recently described a population of tumor tropic adipose stem cells from omental adipose. We hypothesized that visceral obesity alters the visceral adipose population to enhance the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer. Results: Intraperitoneally injected ID8 ovarian cancer cells grew significantly faster in mice with diet-induced obesity (p 6 mouse ovarian cancer cells ID8 were co-injected with equal number of different ASC isolates. ASC from all sources increased the cancer cell proliferation in vitro and increased ovarian cancer cell ID8 survival under the treatment of chemo drug Taxol at different concentrations. There were no significant differences in ASC isolates in migration towards tumor-conditioned media. Tumor growth was accelerated by ASCs, but O-ASC and SC-ASC derived from obese mice more potently promoted tumor progression and produced more ascites. Conclusions: Obesity promotes ovarian tumor progression and this effect is mediated at least in part by adipose stem cells. We propose that obese derived ASCs, especially O-ASC express specific factors that enhance tumor progression, promoting survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Citation Format: Yan Zhang, Travis Solley, Aleksandra Nowicka, Ann Klopp. Obesity promotes growth of ovarian cancer through adipose stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A67.
Distributed representation of perceptual categories in the auditory cortex

Categorical perception is a process by which a continuous stimulus space is partitioned to represent discrete sensory events. Early experience has been shown to shape categorical perception and enlarge cortical representations of experienced stimuli in the sensory cortex. The present study examines the hypothesis that enlargement in cortical stimulus representations is a mechanism of categorical perception. Perceptual discrimination and identification behaviors were analyzed in model auditory cortices that incorporated sound exposure-induced plasticity effects. The model auditory cortex with over-representations of specific stimuli exhibited categorical perception behaviors for those specific stimuli. These results indicate that enlarged stimulus representations in the sensory cortex may be a mechanism for categorical perceptual learning.
Hardware, software and algorithmic solutions for quantum data processing

This paper examines physical, algorithmic and hardware fundamentals of quantum information processing which includes computing, coding, communication, data storage and other tasks. Practical processing by microscopic (atomic and molecular) systems can be accomplished only by using measurable real-valued physical variables (quantities). These variables should be quantum-mechanically achivable, algorithmically processable and hardware realizable. The theoretical results of quantum mechanics must be experimentally substantiated by observing controlled quantum state transitions, transductions and evolutions in dynamic microscopic systems. The microscopic devices form processing fabrics. We examine the premise of quantum processing by: (1) Unifying and enabling theoretical computer science, quantum information science and computer engineering; (2) Examining the first principles of quantum information processing at the device and system levels; (3) Developing algorithmic and design paradigms with consistent processing calculus and arithmetics; (4) Fostering consistent and practical microscopic hardware solutions.