cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pentacarbonyl(methoxymethylcarbene)chromium

[20540-69-6] C8H6CrO6 (MW 250.13) InChI = 1S/C3H6O.5CO.Cr/c1-3-4-2;5*1-2;/h1-2H3;;;;;;/q;;;;;-2; InChIKey = LEHGKZHXYAMUNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (carbene transfer agent and ester surrogate) Physical Data: mp 34 °C.1 Solubility: the title compound is completely miscible in all nonpolar organic solvents. The compound is reactive to amines and sulfoxides. Form Supplied in: the title compound is not commercially available. Preparative Methods: the most commonly employed route involves sequential reaction of methyllithium (methyllithium–lithium bromide complex is ineffective) with chromium hexacarbonyl followed by a variety of reactive methylating agents (usually trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate or methyl triflate).2 Under some conditions, methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate have successfully been employed.3 Purification: the title compound can be purified by dissolving in pentane or hexane and filtering through a pad of silica gel, using the same solvent as eluent. Alternatively, recrystallization from pentane at low temperature has also been reported.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the title compound is sufficiently stable in the air at room temperature for short-term operations such as purification and weighing. Long-term storage in the freezer under nitrogen is recommended.
Spectral Hole Burning Compensation in Raman/EDF Hybrid Amplifier

SHB in EDFA can be estimated and compensated in hybrid Raman/EDF amplifier in case of arbitrary channel load. Simulations show factor of two redaction of gain variation due to SHB.
Dipolar relaxation collisions in magnetically trapped 7 Li

We report the measurement of the rate constant for dipolar relaxation from the $(F=2,$ ${m}_{F}=2)$ hyperfine state of ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}.$ The atoms are confined in a permanent magnet trap at a field of ${10}^{3} \mathrm{G}.$ The measured value of $(1.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14} {\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$ agrees well with theory. Additionally, we determine an upper bound for the three-body molecular recombination rate constant of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}27} {\mathrm{cm}}^{6}/\mathrm{s},$ which is also consistent with predictions.
Axial field of a symmetric paraboloidal antenna: a PO/PTD solution

Proper characterization of the radiated field along the axial direction of a symmetric paraboloidal reflector antenna is important for pencil beam applications such as ultra wideband radar systems. The challenging issues in this task is the evaluation of the edge diffracted fields from the rim of the reflector and those from other scattering structures. The goal of this study is to determine the axial-field of a symmetric paraboloidal reflector antenna using the diffraction techniques of physical optics (PO) and physical theory of diffraction (PTD). As a result, with a general spherical incident field representation, closed-form formulas are obtained for various axial field components. These formulas provide useful information on the diffraction effects of the reflector edge, and facilitate the characterization of the time-domain response of these antenna systems. >
Requirement Error Abstraction and Classification: A Control Group Replicated Study

This paper is the second in a series of empirical studies about requirement error abstraction and classification as a quality improvement approach. The Requirement error abstraction and classification method supports the developers' effort in efficiently identifying the root cause of requirements faults. By uncovering the source of faults, the developers can locate and remove additional related faults that may have been overlooked, thereby improving the quality and reliability of the resulting system. This study is a replication of an earlier study that adds a control group to address a major validity threat. The approach studied includes a process for abstracting errors from faults and provides a requirement error taxonomy for organizing those errors. A unique aspect of this work is the use of research from human cognition to improve the process. The results of the replication are presented and compared with the results from the original study. Overall, the results from this study indicate that the error abstraction and classification approach improves the effectiveness and efficiency of inspectors. The requirement error taxonomy is viewed favorably and provides useful insights into the source of faults. In addition, human cognition research is shown to be an important factor that affects the performance of the inspectors. This study also provides additional evidence to motivate further research.
The similarity between anemia induced by hypophysectomy and that induced by a combined thyroidectomy and adrenalectomy in adult female rats.

The mechanism by which removal of the hypophysis induces an anemia (see reviews by Gordon and Charipper, 1947, and Daughaday, Williams and Daland, 1948) is still unsolved. Thyroidectomy in rats has been shown to induce an anemia which was not as severe as that induced by hypophysectomy (Crafts, 1941; Wilson, 1944; Gordon, Kadow, Finkelstein and Charipper, 1946). Adrenalectomy in rats has been shown to induce an anemia 10 to 20 days after removal of the glands. This anemia, however, gradually disappeared. Sixty days after adrenalectomy, the blood picture was normal (Crafts, 1941; Piliero, Landau and Gordon, 1950; Gordon, Piliero and Landau, 1951). Many different therapies have been utilized in an attempt to prevent the anemia which develops following hypophysectomy. Those which have been completely effective are pituitary extracts (Flaks, Himmel and Zlotnik, 1938; Contopoulos, Van Dyke, Simpson, Garcia, Huff, Williams and Evans 1953), a combination of thyroxine, testosterone propionate, and a high protein ...
Pediatric Urethral Catheter Consultations: Understanding Driving Factors

Purpose: Pediatric urethral catheterization is often straightforward. However, it can be challenging and may require urological consultation. Possible critical factors are patient anatomy and comorbidities, and insertion technique. To better understand pediatric catheter consultations, we reviewed our experience.Materials and Methods: All pediatric catheter consultations between July 2009 and June 2012 were identified. A retrospective review was then performed, focusing on demographics, reasons for consultation and difficulty of catheter placement. The 4 categories of difficulty noted were easy, challenging, extremely difficult and could not be placed. Patients were excluded from analysis if catheter placement was not needed, the consultation was for a catheterizable stoma or they were status post urological surgery. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations between patient factors and difficulty of placement.Results: A total of 93 consultations were identified, of which 57% were inpati...
TRANSLATION OF THE HUMERAL HEAD ON THE GLENOID WITH PASSIVE GLENOHUMERAL MOTION

We have demonstrated that certain passive motions of the glenohumeral joint are reproducibly accompanied by translation of the head of the humerus on the glenoid. We investigated the relationship of these translations to the position of the glenohumeral joint and to applied torques and forces in seven isolated glenohumeral joints from fresh cadavera, using a six-degrees-of-freedom position sensor and a six-axis force and torque transducer. Reproducible and significant translation occurred in an anterior direction with glenohumeral flexion and in a posterior direction with extension. We also observed translation with cross-body movement. The translation occurring with flexion was obligate in that it could not be prevented by the application of an oppositely directed force of thirty to forty newtons. Operative tightening of the posterior portion of the capsule increased the anterior translation on flexion and cross-body movement and caused it to occur earlier in the arc of motion compared with the intact glenohumeral joint. Operative tightening of the posterior part of the capsule also resulted in significant superior translation with flexion of the glenohumeral joint.
Embryogenesis of chimeras, twins and anterior midline asymmetries

Human spontaneous chimerism, with one body built from cells of both twins of a dizygotic (DZ) pair, is supposed to be extremely rare, arising from the exchange of blood cells through placental anastomoses. Mosaicism is supposed to be far more common, arising from single zygotes by embryonic mutation. Because typical diagnosis of mosaicism can neither identify nor exclude chimerism, ‘mosaicism’ may often be chimerism undiscovered. Evidence shows chimerism arises primarily from DZ embryo fusion and is not rare, although it has negligible probability under the hypothesis of independent double ovulation and independent embryogenesis. If, instead, DZ twin embryos begin development as a single cell mass, chimerism is likely. This would be consistent with observations that DZ twins develop as differently from singletons as monozygotic twins do with regard to embryogenic establishment of asymmetries of midline neural-crest-driven structures of brain, face and heart. Chimerism is a significant component of human embryonic development that deserves closer attention as a mechanism of developmental variation. The ‘common knowledge’ understanding of twinning mechanisms is at best inadequate. The importance of the difference lies in what we can learn from chimerism about human embryogenesis and the cellular origins of structures and functions basic to the business of becoming human.
North Korea's Policy Process: Assessing Institutional Policy Preferences

Abstract I argue that North Korean politics is becoming pluralized. Policy outcomes are increasingly shaped by the interaction of the Cabinet, party, and military. Systematic content analysis of domestic articles and speeches suggests that policy preferences vary by institution. Second-echelon divisions are observable and help to shape policy more than has been previously argued.
Economic considerations for the eradication endgame

An infectious disease will be eradicated only if it is eliminated everywhere, including in the hardest-to-reach, most vaccine-wary communities. If eradication is successful, it promises a dividend in the form of avoided infections and vaccinations. However, success is never certain unless and until eradication is achieved, and claiming the dividend means bearing the possibly great risk of re-emergence. Economic analysis of eradication evaluates these risks and rewards relative to the alternative of ‘optimal control’, and also exposes the incentives for achieving and capitalizing on eradication. Eradication is a ‘game’, because some countries may be willing to eliminate the disease within their borders only if assured that all others will eliminate the disease within their borders. International financing is also a game, because each country would rather free ride than contribute. Finally, for diseases such as polio, capitalizing on eradication is a game, for should any country continue to vaccinate in the post-eradication era using the live-attenuated polio vaccine, the countries that stop vaccinating will be exposed to the risk of vaccine-derived polioviruses. In the framework developed in this paper, eradication is a seductive goal, its attainment fraught with peril.
A Library and Platform for FPGA Bitstream Manipulation

Since 1998, no commercially available FPGA has been accompanied by public documentation of its native machine code (or bitstream) format. Consequently, research in reconfigurable hardware has been confined to areas which are specifically supported by manufacturer-supplied tools. Recently, detailed documentation of the bitstream format for the Atmel FPSLIC series of FPGAs appeared on the usenet group comp.arch.fpga. This information has been used to create abits, a Java library for direct manipulation of FPSLIC bitstreams and partial reconfiguration. The abits library is accompanied by the slipway reference design, a low-cost USB bus-powered board carrying an FPSLIC. This paper describes the abits library and slipway platform, as well as a few applications which they make possible. Both the abits source code and slipway board layout are publicly available under the terms of the BSD license. It is our hope that these tools will enable further research in reconfigurable hardware which would not otherwise be possible.
Modern biogenic gas-generated craters (sea-floor “pockmarks”) on the Bering Shelf, Alaska

As many as 1,340 small craters per square kilometre cover the sea floor of Norton Sound in the northeastern Bering Sea. The craters are circular pits, 1 to 10 m in diameter and less than 1 m deep, observed on sonographs over 20,000 km 2 of northern Norton Sound sea floor. Craters typically are associated with acoustic anomalies, near-surface peaty mud, and gas-charged sediment. The peaty mud is a thick (>1.5 m), nonmarine pre-Holocene deposit that is now covered by a 1- to 3-m-thick layer of Holocene marine mud in the area of the craters. The peaty mud (2% to 8% organic carbon) contains abundant biogenic methane [C 1 /(C 2 + C 3 ) = 256 to 7,669] with carbon isotope (δ 13 C) values of −69‰ to −75‰- Decomposition of organic debris in the peaty mud apparently charges the mud with gas. The peaty and gassy zones attenuate sound waves and cause acoustic anomalies on high-resolution seismic profiles in the area with craters. The craters are forming now, as shown by the disruption of modern ice gouges by the craters. In the absence of storms, the gas apparently is trapped in the peaty mud in a saturated state by the cover of Holocene mud. Periodically, possibly during storms, the gas escapes through the thin Holocene cover and forms craters.
The association of family history of liver cancer with hepatocellular carcinoma: A case-control study in the United States

Background/Aims The study aimed at addressing the connection between positive family history of liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in the USA. Methods At The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 347 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC and 1075 healthy controls were studied. All subjects were interviewed for their family history of cancer, including the number of relatives with cancer, the type of cancer, the individual's relationship with the relative, and the age at which the relative was diagnosed. Results Independently of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), a history of liver cancer in first degree relatives was significantly associated with HCC development (AOR=4.1 [95% CI, 1.3–12.9]). Multiple relatives with liver cancer were only observed among HCC patients with chronic HBV/HCV infection. Affected siblings with liver cancer is significantly associated with HCC development with and without HBV/HCV infection; (AOR=5.7 [95% CI, 1.2–27.3]) and (AOR=4.3 [95% CI, 1.01–20.9]), respectively. Individuals with HBV/HCV and a family history of liver cancer were at higher risk for HCC (AOR=61.9 [95% CI, 6.6–579.7]). Conclusions First degree family history of liver cancer is associated with HCC development in the USA. Further research exploring the genetic-environment interactions associated with risk of HCC is warranted.
Comparison of the Levels of Infectious Virus in Respirable Aerosols Exhaled by Ferrets Infected with Influenza Viruses Exhibiting Diverse Transmissibility Phenotypes

Influenza viruses pose a major public health burden to communities around the world by causing respiratory infections that can be highly contagious and spread rapidly through the population. Despite extensive research on influenza viruses, the modes of transmission occurring most often among humans are not entirely clear. Contributing to this knowledge gap is the lack of an understanding of the levels of infectious virus present in respirable aerosols exhaled from infected hosts. Here, we used the ferret model to evaluate aerosol shedding patterns and measure the amount of infectious virus present in exhaled respirable aerosols. By comparing these parameters among a panel of human and avian influenza viruses exhibiting diverse respiratory droplet transmission efficiencies, we are able to report that ferrets infected by highly transmissible influenza viruses exhale a greater number of aerosol particles and more infectious virus within respirable aerosols than ferrets infected by influenza viruses that do not readily transmit. Our findings improve our understanding of the ferret transmission model and provide support for the potential for influenza virus aerosol transmission.
Retrospective evaluation of shoreline water quality along Santa Monica Bay beaches.

Santa Monica Bay (SMB) beaches are the most heavily used in the U.S.A., despite an increased number of water quality postings over the last several years. To assess whether water quality problems are concentrated at a small number of chronically affected sites or whether the problems are widely distributed, we compiled 5 years of monitoring data collected at 59 sites, 22 of which are sampled daily. Other locally available rainfall and sewage spill monitoring information data were added to this data set to assess whether sewage spills, dry-weather runoff, or wet-weather runoff contribute the most to exceedences of water quality thresholds. Approximately 13% of the shoreline mile-days along monitored beaches in SMB exceeded the State of California's beach water quality standards during the 5-year study period. Most of the water quality exceedences occurred near urban runoff drains even though areas affected by drains represent only a small portion of the total shoreline. Although storms are relatively infrequent in southern California, the extent of water quality exceedences resulting from storm water runoff was similar to the extent of water quality exceedences found during dry weather. Sewage spills, while potentially more serious because they lead to beach closures rather than to the more limited posting of warning signs, represented less than 0.1% of the shoreline mile-days that exceeded water quality thresholds. During dry weather conditions, most of the water quality problems occurred near five of the largest drains and at two beach areas that have unique physical characteristics, which limited mixing, dispersion, and dilution. During wet weather conditions, water quality problems were more widespread.
Diode-laser-pumped monolithic Nd:YLF laser operating at 1.053 μm

We describe a monolithic diode-laser-pumped Nd:YLF minilaser that operates at 1.053 μm. By aligning the c axis of the Nd:YLF crystal parallel to the laser resonator axis we are able to suppress completely lasing on the (higher-gain) 1.047-μm transition of Nd:YLF. We describe the design and fabrication of the laser and report its cw and gain-switched performance. Our measurements of the laser performance agree well with calculations.
Interaction between Digestive Strategy and Niche Specialization Predicts Speciation Rates across Herbivorous Mammals

Biotic and abiotic factors often are treated as mutually exclusive drivers of diversification processes. In this framework, ecological specialists are expected to have higher speciation rates than generalists if abiotic factors are the primary controls on species diversity but lower rates if biotic interactions are more important. Speciation rate is therefore predicted to positively correlate with ecological specialization in the purely abiotic model but negatively correlate in the biotic model. In this study, I show that the positive relationship between ecological specialization and speciation expected from the purely abiotic model is recovered only when a species-specific trait, digestive strategy, is modeled in the terrestrial, herbivorous mammals (Mammalia). This result suggests a more nuanced model in which the response of specialized lineages to abiotic factors is dependent on a biological trait. I also demonstrate that the effect of digestive strategy on the ecological specialization-speciation rate relationship is not due to a difference in either the degree of ecological specialization or the speciation rate between foregut- and hindgut-fermenting mammals. Together, these findings suggest that a biological trait, alongside historical abiotic events, played an important role in shaping mammal speciation at long temporal and large geographic scales.
Model Predictive Control of a Nonlinear Aeroelastic System Using Reduced-Order Volterra Models

This paper investigates the implementation of model predictive control strategies in order to control the pitch response of a nonlinear aeroelastic system. Model predictive control, also known as receding horizon control, entails computing an optimal sequence of control inputs over a finite time horizon in order to minimize a cost functional subject to constraints. This approach requires a dynamic model for the system in order to predict the system response to candidate control input sequences. In this paper, a simulated nonlinear aeroelastic system is modeled in terms of third-order Volterra series, and these Volterra models are implemented in a model predictive control algorithm to control the pitch response of the system. The Volterra model is obtained from simulated input – output data using a multiresolution-based kernel identification algorithm that has previously been developed by the author and used to generate Volterra models from both simulated and flight test data from several aeroelastic systems. This paper investigates the feasibility of using Volterra-based model predictive control strategies to control a simulated nonlinear aeroelastic system corresponding to a model of the Texas A&M Nonlinear Aeroelastic Testbed. The model predictive control algorithm is used to compute trailing edge flap deflection commands in order to control the pitch response of the system at different free stream velocities, including a flight condition for which the underlying linear aeroelastic system is in an unstable flutter condition.
The Net Economic Incentive for Illegal Mexican Migration: A Case Study

Most illegal Mexican aliens come to the United States with the idea of making more money than in Mexico; this is conventional wisdom among researchers and policymakers alike. Stoddard (1976), for example, charac? terizes the overwhelming majority of illegal Mexican aliens as "economic refugees" who are drawn to the U.S. by a job that pays between five and ten times the earnings that a similar job in Mexico would pay. Portes describes illegal Mexican migration as
Effect of substitution on the optical properties and HOMO-LUMO gap of oligomeric paraphenylenes.

A series of dialkyl amino benzophenone dimers with various alkyl chain lengths is presented. Gaussian B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations show that the band gap decreases within the dimer series as a funct...
Chelating Agents Suppress Pupation of the Cabbage Looper

Incorporation of a concentration of 0.5% chelated copper, iron, and zinc as complexes of the chelating agent Chelatex®, in the larval diet of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) completely prevented pupation. Similar results were obtained with EDTA (tetrasodium salt of ethylenedi-aminetetraacetic acid), ferrous chloride, and a combination of these 2 substances at similar concentrations. All these materials, even at 0.05% concentration, delayed development and occasionally caused developmental aberrations.
Abstract 1875: Identifying genetic variants contributing to cellular susceptibility to tamoxifen using a genome-wide cell-based model

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Tamoxifen is one of the most commonly used agents in the treatment and prevention of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Beyond the presence of hormone receptors, there are no validated predictors of tamoxifen efficacy and toxicity. Therefore, we utilized a genome-wide cell-based model to comprehensively evaluate genetic variants for their contribution to cellular susceptibility to tamoxifen. Our model incorporates multi-dimensional datasets including genome-wide genotype, gene expression, and cellular growth inhibition following treatment in lymphoblastoid cell lines from the International HapMap project. Growth inhibition was measured using AlamarBlue Assay in 60 unrelated CEU (individuals of northern and western European decedent) and 60 unrelated YRI (individuals from Ibadan, Nigeria) samples. All cell lines were treated with increasing concentrations of endoxifen, an active metabolite of tamoxifen, for 72 hours. Log2 transformed percent survival at each concentration and IC50 were used as cellular susceptibility to drug phenotypes. A step-wise genome-wide association studies were performed among SNPs, mRNA expression, and endoxifen sensitivity phenotypes. We identified 10 and 74 SNPs associated with endoxifen sensitivity through the expression of 13 and 92 genes in the separate CEU and YRI population. Interestingly 3 genes (STS, TES and SMARCA2) identified through this method are known to play a role in hormone biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, a large portion of identified genes was found to play a role in tamoxifen sensitivity in the NCI60 cancer cell lines including CHPT1, a known tumor progression marker. This approach has made possible the identification of genetic variants/genes that have not been previously associated with tamoxifen response. Further validation of these cell-based model findings may significantly improve our ability to predict tamoxifen treatment efficacy and toxicity in breast cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1875. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1875
Novel Analysis of Cation Solvation Using a Graph Theoretic Approach

A new method for analyzing molecular dynamics simulation data is employed to study the solvent shell structure and exchange processes of mono-, di-, and trivalent metal cations in water. The instantaneous coordination environment is characterized in terms of the coordinating waters’ H-bonding network, orientations, mean residence times, and the polyhedral configuration. The graph-theory-based algorithm provides a rapid frame-by-frame identification of polyhedra and reveals fluctuations in the solvation shell shape—previously unexplored dynamic behavior that in many cases can be associated with the exchange reactions of water between the first and second solvation shells. Extended solvation structure is also analyzed graphically, revealing details of the hydrogen bonding network that have practical implications for connecting molecular dynamics data to ab initio cluster calculations. Although the individual analyses of water orientation, residence time, etc., are commonplace in the literature, their combin...
Prenatal diagnosis of a coronary fistula in a fetus with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and trisomy 18.

Infants with trisomy 18 have severe mental retardation along with anomalies of the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems; survival beyond 1 year of age is rare. Even with successful repair of the cardiac defects, the prognosis would not be altered greatly. The most common cardiac malformations described in association with trisomy 18 are ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, double-outlet right ventricle, and abnormalities of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves.1 Prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum has been reported.2–7 We report a case of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum in association with trisomy 18 and a coronary fistula demonstrated by fetal echocardiography. CASE REPORT
Administration of AVP to the area postrema alters response of NTS neurons to afferent inputs

This study was designed to determine if arginine vasopressin (AVP) facilitates the response of nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) neurons to baroreceptor input. In anesthetized sinoaortic-denervated vagotomized rabbits, AVP was intravenously infused (15 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), 1 min) or microinjected into the area postrema (AP; 1 ng/nl, 10 nl). Extracellular recordings of evoked NTS neuronal responses to electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) or vagus nerve (1 Hz, 2-20 V, 0.05-0.6 ms) were evaluated before and after AVP administration. In neurons receiving input from the ADN (n = 19), 58% of them increased their responses after AVP (40.3 +/- 5.0 to 71.5 +/- 4,8%, P 0.05), but increased neuronal activity in 54% of neurons (6.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 13.1 +/- 1.7 spikes/s, P < 0.01). In two rabbits pretreated with vasopressin antagonist (15 microg/kg iv), AVP failed to produce facilitatory effects (n = 8). The results of this study provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that circulating peptides modulate the arterial baroreflex via activation of neurons in the AP.
Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior at High Strain Rates of As-extruded Mg-1.2Zn-0.8Y Alloy

The structure of compounds and the microstructure of as-extruded Mg98Zn1. 2Y0. 8alloy were investigated through OM,SEM,TEMand XRD. The dynamic behavior at high strain rate conditions of as-extruded Mg98Zn1. 2Y0. 8alloy was also researched through the tensile test and fracture surface observation. The results showthat the complete dynamic recrystallization occurs in the Mg98Zn1. 2Y0. 8alloy during extruding process at a temperature of 300 ℃ and a reduction ratio of 16 ∶ 1. The fine particles of compound H-phase dispersively distribute in the Mg-based solid solution with fine grain size,and the particles of Z-phase mainly distribute along the grain boundaries. At room temperature,the yield strength and the tensile strength rise with the increase of strain rates from 100 / s to 667 / s,and the elongation also increases from 9. 2% to 13%.Ductile fracture with some proportion of brittleness fracture occurs in the as-extruded Mg98Zn1. 2Y0. 8alloy at room temperature and strain rate 100 / s-667 / s.
How many spectral bands are necessary to describe the directional reflectance of beach sands

Spectral variability in the visible, near-infrared and shortwave directional reﬂectance factor of beach sands and freshwater sheet ﬂow is examined using principal component and correlation matrix analysis of in situ measurements. In previous work we concluded that the hyperspectral bidirectional reﬂectance distribution function (BRDF) of beach sands in the absence of sheet ﬂow exhibit weak spectral variability, the majority of which can be described with three broad spectral bands with wavelength ranges of 350-450 nm, 700-1350 nm, and 1450-2400 nm. 1 Observing sheet ﬂow on sand we ﬁnd that a thin layer of water enhances reﬂectance in the specular direction at all wavelengths and that spectral variability may be described using four spectral band regions of 350-450 nm, 500-950 nm, 950-1350 nm, and 1450-2400 nm. Spectral variations are more evident in sand surfaces of greater visual roughness than in smooth surfaces, regardless of sheet ﬂow.
Trauma, Gender, and the Stories of Jewish Women: The Other Within

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how trauma (individual, cultural, and historical) experiences and gender stories of women behaving more like men become intermingled. Drawing upon stories of women in Jewish literature (Beruriah and Yentl), psychoanalytic theories of gender, and intergenerational transmission of trauma, the author unpacks how women carry vulnerability and helplessness whereas men are seen as stronger and agentic. The author believes that gender performance and passing highlight how gender becomes enlisted as a mode of traumatic transmission and possibly 1 type of internal psychic reparative resolution to complex traumatic experiences.
High Affinity Binding of Pyrethroids to the α Subunit of Brain Sodium Channels

Na + channels are the primary molecular targets of the pyrethroid insecticides. Na + channels consisting of only a type IIA α subunit expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells responded to pyrethroid treatment in a normal manner: a sustained Na + current was induced progressively after each depolarizing pulse in a train of stimuli, and this Na + current decayed slowly on repolarization. These modified Na + channels could be reactivated at much more negative membrane potentials ( V 0.5 = −139 mV) than unmodified Na + channels ( V 0.5 = −28 mV). These results indicate that pyrethroids can modify the functional properties of the Na + channel α subunit expressed alone by blocking their inactivation, shifting their voltage dependence of activation, and slowing their deactivation. To demonstrate directly the specific interaction of pyrethroids with the α subunit of voltage-gated Na + channels, a radioactive photosensitive derivative, [ 3 H]RU58487, was used in binding and photolabeling studies. In the presence of a low concentration of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100, specific pyrethroid binding to Na + channels in rat brain membrane preparations could be measured and reached 75% of total binding under optimal conditions. Binding approached equilibrium within 1 hr at 4°, dissociated with a half-time of ∼10 min, and had K D values of ∼58–300 nm for three representative pyrethroids. Specific pyrethroid binding was enhanced by ∼40% in the presence of 100 nm α-scorpion toxin, but no allosteric enhancement was observed in the presence of toxins acting at other Na + channel receptor sites. Extensive membrane washing increased specific binding to 89%. Photolabeling with [ 3 H]RU58487 under these optimal binding conditions revealed a radiolabeled band with an apparent molecular mass of 240 kDa corresponding to the Na + channel α subunit. Anti-peptide antibodies recognizing sequences within the α subunit were able to specifically immunoprecipitate the covalently modified channel. Together, these results demonstrate that the pyrethroids can modify the properties of cells expressing only the α subunit of Na + channels and can bind specifically to a receptor site on the α subunit.
A seroepidemiologic analysis of hepatitis B in Sichuan province

Objective To understand the changes of hepatitis B infection rates,before and after the hepatitis B vaccine Was included into EPI.and to evaluate the effect of immunization which would lead to the development of a more appropriate hepatitis B control strategy.Methods Seroepidemiologic method,with multi-section random sampling method were chosen.14 sites from 8 counties were involved.2-4 ml of the vein blood was drawn from all the individuals engaged in the study including 3806 samples.HBsAg,anti-HBs.anti-Hbe of the samples were tested with ELISA.Results Standardized positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb were found as 7.05%and 29.77%respectively with the overall infection rate of HBV as 40.30%.The hepatitis B vaccine coverage of the children under 15 years was 70.73%and the positive rates for both HBsAg and anti-HBS were 2.62%and 56.68%.respectively.The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine among children under 3 years was 83.44%and the positive rates of both HBsAg and anti-HBs were 1.47%and 67.69%respectively.hepatitis B vaccine coverage of children under 3 years was 85.77%.with positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs as 1.78%and 75.44%respectively.Conclusion Results from our study revealed that since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination,the prevalence rates of HBsAg and HBV infeetion had an obvious decline,especially in children aged under 15 years of old,suggesting that some changes had occurred in the epidemic characteristics ofhepatitis B in Sichuan. Key words: Hepatitis B vLrus; Seroepidemiology; Survey
Flow Cytometry Followup of Patients with Low Stage Bladder Tumors

AbstractA total of 98 urologic outpatients with a history of conservatively treated low stage bladder tumors underwent 325 examinations during a 2-year interval, each comprising conventional cytology, cystoscopy and automated flow cytometry. The flow cytometry results agreed with cystoscopic findings and conventional cytology in 80 per cent of the examinations, while cystoscopy and cytology agreed in 75 per cent. Assuming cystoscopic findings were entirely accurate, the false negative rate for flow cytometry was 8.3 per cent and the false positive rate was 5.8 per cent. On occasion, flow cytometry diagnosis of bladder tumors antedated the development of visible tumor by up to 12 months. Flow cytometry provided an objective and quantitative assay of epithelial abnormalities and, in the absence of skilled, conventional cytology, it appears to be a valuable new tool for the urologist in the diagnosis, management and followup of patients with bladder tumors or a history of bladder tumor.
Abstract 10922: Relationship of the AHA Impact Goals (Life’s Simple 7) With Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the ARIC Cohort Study

Introduction: As part of its 2020 Impact Goals, the AHA developed the Life’s Simple 7 metric for cardiovascular health promotion. The metric consists of ideal categories for smoking, physical activ...
Familial Identity Theft

Reports of identity theft in the U.S. have risen since the 2000s, which has resulted in financial losses into the billions. Along with this rise is the increased likelihood of familial identity theft. In this study, the differences between familial and non-familial identity theft were explored through the January–July 2012 Identity Theft Supplement collected with the National Crime Victimization Survey. Results showed that family member victims were likely to have experienced one type of identity theft more often than non-family victims were, personal information used for other fraudulent purposes, which included government benefits and driver’s licenses. Factors that allowed for a respondent’s personal information used for other fraudulent purposes included family membership, young persons in the household, and repeat victimization. Findings suggest that few factors can predict the likelihood to experience the misuse of personal information and that familial identity theft may be difficult to detect.
Brand to Brand: Consumer Evaluations of Spillover Effects in Interbrand Communications

Prior research on communications of strategic brand alliances assesses spillover effects of these alliances on consumer attitudes toward brands (Simonin and Ruth 1998; Baumgarth 2004). However, social media strategies have shifted firms’ months-long bureaucratic approval processes of formal alliances to real-time brand-to-brand communications, or interbrand communications (IBCs). This has given firms the ability to co-create brand value, alongside consumer value co-creation. The purpose of this research is to identify and examine the effects of IBCs – using social media – on brand co-creation of value via spillover effects. We simulate an IBC in a controlled between-subjects experiment and use SEM to evaluate the spillover effects of IBCs on consumers’ attitudes to brands. Our results indicate IBCs have positive spillover effects on consumer attitudes toward brands but that those effects are moderated by brand familiarity. However, we fail to find support for consumer attitudes to IBCs leading to consumer-brand engagement. This initial research on IBCs has theoretical implications for social media, brand management, and marketing communications research, as well as practical implications for firms adding IBCs to their communications strategies. We conclude with insights for extending research on IBC characteristics and spillover effects.
Networking Modules of Canonical and Alternative NFkB Signaling in Growth and Survival Regulations of Large B Cell Lymphomas

Constitutive NF-kB activation is considered a “hallmark” in B-cell malignancies, especially in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), a common but heterogenous Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma type. However, the mechanism(s) of activation and interactions of NF-kB components in the nuclear compartment of B-cell lymphomas are still poorly defined. Our findings demonstrate that both the canonical and the alternative NF-kB pathways are constitutively activated in both LBCL cell lines and primary lymphoma cells. NF-kB DNA binding ELISA analysis showed that the canonical NF-kB components p65 and c-rel as well as the non-canonical NF-kB components p52 and relB are constitutively activated in 14 LBCL cell lines and in 14 primary lymphoma patients’ cells (both ABC-and GCB-like subtypes). Based on the ELISA data, we found that the p65/c-rel ratio is relatively higher in ABC-like LBCL subtype when compared to GCB-like LBCL subtype, but the alternative NF-kB members’ p52 and rel-B are differentially activated in both GCB- and ABC-like LBCL subtypes. Micro-tissue array (MTA) studies confirmed that both NF-kB pathways are constitutively active in LBCL biopsy-cores. The components of both NF-kB pathways were also found to merge and form functional “hybrid” NF-kB complexes in the nuclear compartment. Besides the common hetero-dimeric complexes occur between p50, p65, and c-rel of the canonical NF-kB pathway and between p52 and relB of the alternative NF-kB pathway, components of both pathways also merged to form “hybrid” dimeric complexes, such as p52-relB, p52-c-rel, relB-p65, and relB-c-rel in LBCL cells. Interestingly, p65 and c-rel binds to relB and p52, respectively, with higher affinity in GCB- than in ABC-like LBCL subtype. Our data also showed that activation of both NF-kB pathways and their cross-interaction are not restricted to only neoplastic B cells but that they are also activated and utilized in highly proliferative activated normal B-lymphocyte. Specific siRNA that target individual NF-kB members p65, c-rel, and rel-B have inhibitory activity in lymphoma cell growth, but similar p52 siRNAs do not have inhibitory activity. These studies indicated that in both LBCL cell lines and patient samples (GCB-and ABC-like subtypes), both the canonical and the alternative NF-kB pathways are not only constitutively activated but also interact to form multimeric NF-kB complexes in the nuclear compartment, giving rise to an NF-kB signaling module that not only controls lymphoma cell growth and survival but likely contributes to the heterogeneity of the disease processes. These findings reveal additional aspects of molecular heterogeneity and complexity in NF-kB signaling mechanisms and interacting transcriptional modules, contributing to the pathophysiology of LBCL. These results also highlight the critical importance of multiple constitutively active NF-kB signaling pathways in LBCL and may also contribute to therapeutic refractoriness, particularly in relapsed/refractory LBCLs.
Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits.

Abstract Objective To characterize the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine when administered as a short intravenous (IV) infusion to isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits. Study design Experimental study. Animals A total of six healthy adult female New Zealand White rabbits. Methods Rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen. Following determination of isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), the anesthetic dose was reduced to 0.7 × MAC, and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (20 μg kg−1) was infused IV over 5 minutes. Arterial blood samples were obtained immediately before and at 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 240 and 360 minutes following termination of the infusion. Samples were transferred into tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and centrifuged immediately. The plasma was harvested and stored at –80 °C until analyzed. Concentrations of dexmedetomidine in plasma were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Compartment models were fitted to the time and concentration data using nonlinear regression. Results A three-compartment model best fit the data set. Median volume of distribution at steady state and terminal half-life were 3169 mL kg−1 (range, 2182–3859 mL kg−1) and 80 minutes (range, 72–88 minutes), respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance The pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anesthetized, healthy, New Zealand White rabbits were characterized in this study. Data from this study can be used to determine dosing regimens for dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anesthetized rabbits.
Abstract A38: California State University Fullerton and the University of California Irvine Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Partnership for Cancer Health Disparities Research

Background: An important goal of the NIH is to increase the pipeline of investigators into cancer health disparities research. CSUF and UCI-CFCCC established a partnership to conduct pilot research projects in multi-ethnic populations and to mentor early stage investigators and students. The goals were to increase cancer health disparities research and encourage investigators and students to pursue careers in this field. Methods: The Partnership selects projects for funding using NIH criteria. In addition to scientific merit, they must include one investigator from each institution, relate to cancer health disparities, and describe plans to publish scientific manuscripts and to develop extramural grant proposals. An Executive Committee and an Internal Advisory Committee facilitate communication within the Partnership. An external reviewer evaluates the Partnership yearly using the Logic Model. Results: The Partnership has funded six pilot research projects and mentored four early stage investigators and 31 students. The project are: 1) Disparities in Social Support, Isolation and Coping in Cervical Cancer Survivors, 2) Equipping Medical Professionals to Reduce Treatment Related Anxiety and Increase Treatment Procedural Understanding for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Receiving Cancer Treatment, 3) Molecular and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gender Disparities in Early Onset Melanoma, 4) Mi Salud, Mi Vida: A Self-Discovery Tool for Latina Breast Cancer Survivors, 5) National and Local Retail Advertising of E-Cigarettes Aimed at Ethnic Minorities and 6) Collecting HPV Vaccine Decision Narratives and Communication Channel Preferences. Conclusion: The Partnership is achieveing its goals of increasing cancer health disparities research and mentoring early stage investigators and students. We are opitmisic that the national goal of advancing cancer heatlh equity through these efforts will be achieved. Citation Format: Sora Park Tanjasiri, F. Allan Hubbell. California State University Fullerton and the University of California Irvine Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Partnership for Cancer Health Disparities Research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A38.
Oral probenecid improves sperm motility in men with spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study (twenty men with spinal cord injury [SCI]).Objective: Determine if administration of oral probenecid results in improved sperm motility in men with SCI.Setting: Major university medical center.Methods: Twenty men with SCI were administered probenecid for 4 weeks (250 mg twice a day for 1 week, followed by 500 mg twice a day for 3 weeks). Semen quality was assessed at three time points: pre-treatment, post-treatment (immediately after the 4-week treatment), and follow-up (4 weeks after the last pill was ingested).Result(s): Probenecid was well-tolerated by all subjects. Sperm motility improved in each subject after 4 weeks of oral probenecid. The mean percent of sperm with progressive motility increased from 19% to 26% (P < 0.05). A more striking increase was seen in the mean percent of sperm with rapid linear motility, from 5% to 17%, (P <0.001). This improvement continued into the four week follow up period. Similar improvements were seen in the total motile sperm c...