cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Degree-day model for timing insecticide applications to control Dioryctria amatella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in loblolly pine seed orchards

Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) est l'un des principaux ravageurs des pepinieres de production de graines du pin a encens, Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae), dans le sud-est des Etats-Unis; il semble donc important de determiner le moment le plus propice a l'application d'insecticides pour lutter contre ce parasite. Pour etablir le moment ideal de deux applications de fenvalerate (Pydrin® 2.4 EC), nous avons examine quatre variantes d'un modele base sur l'accumulation de degres-jours pour determiner a quel moment les diverses proportions des oeufs de D. amatella de la generation de printemps devraient eclore. Nous avons compare les reductions des dommages infliges aux cones par Dioryctria spp. dans des parcelles temoins non traitees et dans des parcelles soumises a un regime de quatre traitements mensuels de fenvalerate. Nous avons, en outre, examine les graines des cones sains pour determiner si les applications reduisent egalement les dommages causes aux graines par Leptoglossus corculus Say (Heteroptera: Coreidae) et par Tetyra bipunctata (Herrich-Schaffer) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Les tests ont eu lieu de 1984 a 1986 dans deux pepinieres de la Caroline du Sud et une de l'Alabama. L'accumulation des degres-jours (seuil de 11°C) a commence le jour ou le nombre cumulatif de mâles de D. amatella captures dans des pieges de 15 Pherocon 1C® garnis de 100 μg d'acetate de Z-11-hexadecenyle a ete egal ou superieur a cinq. Une seule application par annee ne suffisait pas a assurer le controle de D. amatella, ni a reduire les dommages causes aux graines par les punaises. Deux applications prevues en fonction de la phenologie du parasite ont reduit significativement les dommages causes par les punaises et par la pyrale et se sont averees aussi efficaces que quatre arrosages mensuels. Aucun des traitements n'a reussi a reduire les pertes de cones au printemps, attribuables surtout a Dioryctria merkeli Mutuura et Monroe. Plusieurs variantes du modele se sont montrees fonctionnelles, mais nous croyons que la meilleure, par son efficacite et sa facilite d'utilisation, est celle basee sur les vaporisations effectuees immediatement apres la capture de cinq mâles (somme des degres-jours = 0) et de nouveau lorsque le modele indique que 50 % des oeufs de la generation de printemps ont eclos.
Strategic Governance Lessons from History for West African Microfinance Cooperatives

Cooperatives actively pursuing financial inclusion in West Africa could potentially benefit from a closer look at the historical Raiffeisen model, which may help them provide long-term loans in rural areas through specific strategic changes.
An annotated bibliography for post-solution analysis in mixed integer programming and combinatorial optimization

This annotated bibliography focuses on what has been published since the 1977 Geoffrion-Nauss survey, and it is in BibTEX format, so it can be searched on the World Wide Web. In addition to postoptimal sensitivity analysis, this survey includes debugging a run, such as when the integer program is unbounded, anomalous or infeasible.
Spatially resolved equalization and decision feedback equalization for multimode fiber links

The increased deployment of gigabit Ethernet (GbE) optical LANs will be followed by the use of 10 gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) of server farm, campus backbone, inter campus links and storage networks. While 10GbE standard includes use of single-mode fiber (SMF), numerous fiber links in such networks will demand the cost-effectiveness of multimode fiber (MMF). However, just as with SMF, dispersion in MMF can severely limit the link distance. Specifically, the different propagation velocities of the distinct optical modes in MMF lead to large differential mode delay (DMD) that typically overwhelms the chromatic dispersion. For speeds approaching 10-Gbps, MMF is limited to distances ranging up to tens of meters. Moreover, in contrast to typical dispersion in singlemode fiber, DMD can vary dramatically from fiber to fiber, and even launch condition. Consequently, to compensate for dispersion in MMF, a dynamic compensation or a technique that is independent of channel response must be used. We present results of work that implement a combination of both approaches that compensates for DMD in multimode fiber links, in an efficient and robust manner.
Long-term dissipativity of time-stepping algorithms for an abstract evolution equation with applications to the incompressible MHD and Navier-Stokes equations☆

Abstract This paper examines the long-term dissipativity and unconditional non-linear stability of time integration algorithms for the incompressible MHD equations. The results apply as a particular case to the uncoupled incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The analysis is performed in the setting defined by an abstract evolution equation possessing the same long-term dissipative structure as the above physical systems. A general class of time-stepping schemes is analyzed in this context, showing the non-linear unconditional stability and long-term dissipativity of particular members of this family of algorithms. In particular, algorithms showing these strong properties which additionally involve the solution of a linear problem at each time step are identified. A particular linear algorithm is shown to exhibit optimal long-term dissipative properties and to possess an algorithmic global attractor. These abstract results apply rigorously to Galerkin mixed finite element discretizations of the problem. To this end, it is shown that such Galerkin-type projection inherits the dissipative properties of the continuum problem. Computational aspects involved in the numerical implementation of these methods are addressed and illustrated in representative numerical simulations.
Behavioral modeling of RF power amplifiers considering IMD and spectral regrowth asymmetries

This paper proposes a new behavioral model to treat asymmetries between lower and upper intermodulation products and spectral regrowth in nonlinear power amplifiers (PAs). Asymmetric intermodulation distortion (IMD) phenomena has been attributed to long time constant envelope memory effects within the PA, and is known to be a limiting factor in predistortion linearization systems. The model developed in this paper is based on the previously developed memory polynomial model. The contribution made in this paper was to augment the memory polynomial model to include a weighted delay tap function that significantly reduces the parameter space required for accurate model identification. Using measured IMD from a 2.1 GHz 170 W PEP LDMOS PA, the coefficients of the 100 tap memory polynomial were extracted. The model is validated by comparing the measured and predicted results when the PA is excited by a two-tone signal with tone spacing extending from 10kHz to 5MHz. The proposed model reduces rms error up to 36% when compared to a conventional unit sample delay memory polynomial model.
Enhancing Disc Repair by Growth Factors and Other Modalities

Recent studies have found an association between disc degeneration and genes related to the extracellular matrices of the disc, such as those encoding collagen I (Tilkeridis et al. 2005), collagen IX (Annunen et al. 1999; Solovieva et al. 2006), aggrecan (Kawaguchi et al. 1999), matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) (Dong et al. 2007), MMP-3 (Takahashi et al. 2001), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (Solovieva et al. 2004), IL-6 (Noponen-Hietala et al. 2005), vitamin D receptor (Videman et al. 1998), asporin (Song et al. 2008), and cartilage intermediate layer protein (CILP) (Seki et al. 2005; Virtanen et al. 2007). These observations suggest that proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) or cytokines that may degrade the matrix may play a role in disc degeneration.
Use of the Impella 2.5 in High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

The Impella 2.5 is a percutaneously placed partial circulatory assist device that is increasingly being used in high-risk coronary interventional procedures to provide hemodynamic support. The Impella 2.5 is able to unload the left ventricle rapidly and effectively and increase cardiac output more than an intra-aortic balloon catheter can. Potential complications include bleeding, limb ischemia, hemolysis, and infection. One community hospital's approach to establishing a multidisciplinary program for use of the Impella 2.5 is described.
Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity

Summary We utilize a qualitative study of 33 employees in for-profit and non-profit organizations to elaborate theory on job crafting. We specifically focus on how employees at different ranks describe perceiving and adapting to challenges in the execution of job crafting. Elaborating the challenges employees perceive in job crafting and their responses to them details the adaptive action that may be necessary for job crafting to occur. Specifically, our findings suggest that higher-rank employees tend to see the challenges they face in job crafting as located in their own expectations of how they and others should spend their time, while lower-rank employees tend to see their challenges as located in their prescribed jobs and others’ expectations of them. The nature of each group’s perceived challenges is related to the adaptive moves that they make to overcome them, such that higher-rank employees adapt their own expectations and behaviors to make do with perceived opportunities to job craft at work, while lower-rank employees adapt others’ expectations and behaviors to create opportunities to job craft. Our elaborated theory presents a socially embedded account of job crafting as a proactive and adaptive process that is shaped by employees’ structural location in the organization. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION AND SITUATION ON COMMUNICATION STRATEGY CHOICES

Volunteer undergraduate students were administered a questionnaire that assessed their perceptions of the probable use of certain persuasive strategies in a given situation and measured their level of communication apprehension. Data were analyzed to test hypotheses concerning the effects of communication apprehension and type of situation on the use of persuasive strategies. Data confirmed the impact of situation on strategy selection but failed to demonstrate the effect of communication apprehension or an interaction between communication apprehension and situation on strategy use. Implications for communication apprehension and communication competence were offered.
Distributed vehicular traffic control and safety applications with VGrid

In this paper we describe VGrid which is an ad hoc grid computing platform supported by wireless network enabled vehicles equipped with processing and storage capabilities. We present the overall framework and describe how such an ad hoc platform can support distributed vehicular traffic control and safety applications. We also outline how the ad hoc part can integrate with existing and new road side fixed traffic monitoring and control infrastructure. We present our work on two applications - a) accident alert and Variable Speed Limit and b) distributed ad hoc obstruction identification on freeways. We present preliminary results that have been obtained through a simulation analysis based on a tool that we have developed for our work.
Letter by Wexler and Feldman Regarding Article, “Ethnic and Gender Differences in Ambulatory Blood Pressure Trajectories: Results From a 15-Year Longitudinal Study in Youth and Adults”

To the Editor: The research presented by Wang et al1 is an important contribution toward understanding and reducing disparities in health care in general and hypertension in particular. Although we agree with their conclusion that “further work will be needed to determine specific risk factors, both genetic and environmental,” we hope we will not forget that the explanation of …
Potato Protoplast‐derived Callus Tissue Challenged with Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: Survival, Growth and Identification of Resistant Callus Lines*

Abstract Potato (cv. Crystal) protoplast-derived callus tissue was evaluated for survival and growth when exposed to Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (strain Ecc71). Calli were either directly exposed to the pathogen by inoculation or to metabolites produced by the pathogen via a bilayer medium. Individual calli were inoculated with 0.5 μl of bacterial suspensions at 104, 105, 106, 107, 108 and 109 cfu/ml. The bilayer consistedof 10 ml of callus proliferation medium supplemented with pectin (2 g/l) and contained bacteria at 102, 103, 104, 105 and 106 cfu/ml. This medium was overlaid with 10 ml of bacteria free callus induction medium. Mean callus diameter of the inoculated treatments increased for 24 h, then declined. Over 90% of the inoculated calli were killed within 5 days but some survived as long as 14 days. Calli grown on the bilayer medium containing 106, 105 and 104 cfu/ml also decreased in size. Most were killed within 9 days but some survived 20 days. Calli exposed to 103 and 102 cfu/ml experienced limited growth with 20% and 7%, respectively, surviving after 27 days. Reactions to the pathogen varied considerably within the callus populations and individual calli with extended survival were identified in both experiments.
Improving the performance of direct coupled cluster analytical gradients algorithms

The flexibility offered by the coupled cluster (CC) energy functional is exploited to solve for the CC T amplitudes and the CC response Λ amplitudes simultaneously as opposed to the traditional two-stage (first for T and then for Λ for the converged T) approach. We have shown numerically that the proposed scheme does not suffer from convergence failures or unmanageable increases in cost. The potential advantages of the proposed scheme for integral direct atomic orbital basis set CC formulations are discussed.
Root exudates stimulate the uptake and metabolism of organic carbon in germinating spores of Glomus intraradices.

Summary • Root exudates play a key role during the presymbiotic growth phase and have been shown to stimulate hyphal branching and the catabolic metabolism of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spores. • Here, the effect of root exudates on presymbiotic growth, uptake of exogenous carbon and transcript levels for genes putatively involved in the carbon metabolism of germinating spores were determined. • Crude root exudates led to a slight acceleration of spore germination, increased germ tube branching and stimulated uptake and catabolic metabolism of acetate, and to a greater extent of glucose, but had no effect on gene expression. By contrast, partially purified root exudates increased the transcript levels of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (s-oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA), malate synthase (glyoxylate cycle) and glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (chitin biosynthesis), but did not differ from crude root exudates in their effect on substrate uptake and respiration. The expression of glycogen synthase (glycogen biosynthesis), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (pentose phosphate pathway) and neutral trehalase (hydrolysis of trehalose) were only marginally or not affected by root exudates. • Root exudates have an effect on both membrane activity and gene expression and the results are discussed in relation to the catabolic and anabolic metabolism of spores during presymbiotic growth.
Three dimensional statics for continuum robotics

This paper introduces a method for computing the shape of a continuously-flexible (continuum) robot in 3-D space which includes gravity loading by applying Cosserat rod theory to a continuum robot. With this theory, the shape of the rod can be determined using force-torque balance equations obtained from a simple free body diagram that represents the continuum robot. Real-time performance of 125 Hz makes this approach viable for the control of a continuum robot, enabled by avoiding boundary-value conditions in the solution.
Revegetation of eroded land and possibilities of carbon sequestration in Iceland

Carbon (C) sequestration within the context of the Kyoto protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has great potential as an incentive for combating land degradation and desertification. Desertification continues to be a major threat to Iceland's natural resources. Revegetation in Iceland can both reduce C in the atmosphere by fixing C in vegetation and soil, and also reduce C emission by preventing further ecosystem damage, vegetation degradation and subsequent soil erosion. The sequestration potential in Iceland lies in the available land area and in the soil properties. Iceland has vast areas where vegetation can be enhanced or restored (10 000–45 000 km2), and the Andic nature of Icelandic soils tends to immobilize C. In the year 2001 the Soil Conservation Service worked on revegetation of roughly 13 000 ha or 130 km2, resulting in C sequestration of about 8000–14000 Mg C in 2001. Reclamation of degraded land through changed land use, and/or seeding and fertilizing can promote sustainable development and healthier ecosystems, increase biological diversity and soil fertility, in addition to mitigating climate change through C sequestration.
The Liver in Metabolic Disease

Genetically determined metabolic liver disease results from an inherited defect that causes malfunction of an enzyme, structural protein, or organelle that is critical for normal liver function. Metabolic diseases may affect the liver alone or in concert with manifestations in other organs. The category genetic metabolic liver disease may be extended to include cellular derangements that are transient and precipitated by exogenous factors such as drugs or pregnancy that may stress existing suboptimal or partly compromised genetic pathways.
Simple Congenital Heart Defects

Echocardiography plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of these anomalies. This chapter focuses on the essentials of the echocardiographic evaluation of these lesions. It does not cover the infinite variations that occur.
Minnesota’s Phantom Menace: The Civil Mediation Act

The authors argue that the Minnesota Civil Mediation Act’s days should be numbered. The Act suffers from inconsistent policy choices, lack of integration with other statutes and rules, and ambiguous and incomplete language. The technical provisions of the Act jeopardize the finality of mediated settlements inviting extended litigation to bring peace and end the conflict. Participants in mediations, parties and lawyers alike, may be at risk in terms of fulfilling their expectations and obligations under Minnesota’s statutory scheme. Instead, contract law should control enforcement.
Bureau of Land Management's collaborative management approach to safeguard public land

Abstract President Clinton is strongly committed to environmentally sound energy development on the public lands, as demonstrated by his Domestic Natural Gas and Oil Initiative. The President is also committed to “reinventing government” and has called on federal agencies to improve service and cut red tape for their customers, including the oil and gas industry. The Interior Department’s Bureau of Land Management (BLM), which plays a key role in the administration’s implementation of these initiatives, works to ensure that energy resources on public lands are developed in an efficient and environmentally sound manner. In doing this, the BLM takes a collaborative approach to land management, which gives all affected and interested parties a voice in the BLM’s decision-making process. This approach has been manifested in numerous ways, including the BLM’s development of a reduced royalty rate rule for stripper properties to encourage more oil production on federal lands. Recently, the BLM has collaborated with environmental groups and industry on issues involving the greater Green River basin in southwest Wyoming and northwest Colorado, which contains the most significant onshore natural gas resources on federal land in the continental United States. The BLM has been working with industry representatives, environmentalists, state officials, and others to improve service to the oil and gas industry, as evidenced by the agency’s Onshore Oil and Gas Performance Review that began in 1993.
On the Critically Damped Oscillator

(1975). On the Critically Damped Oscillator. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 105-106.
Handbook of Academic Advising (The Greenwood Educators' Reference Collection)

(1994). Handbook of Academic Advising: The Greenwood Educators' Reference Collection. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 753-755.
The effect of phenobarbital on intestinal calcium transport.

SummaryTo determine the effect of phenobarbital administration on intestinal calcium transport by the rat intestine, experiments were performed using an in vitro everted gut sac technique as a measure of transport. The results demonstrate that duodenal and ileal transport are not affected by phenobarbital administration in rats raised on a diet adequate in calcium and vitamin D. Duodenal absorption, however, is suppressed in animals raised on a vitamin D-deficient diet. The administration of phenobarbital does not interfere with the expected rise in calcium transport when vitamin D is administered to vitamin D-deficient animals. The depression of transport produced by phenobarbital in vitamin D-deficient animals appears to be mediated independent of the vitamin D pathway.
Dicyano-Substituted Poly(phenylenevinylene) (DiCN–PPV) and the Effect of Cyano Substitution on Photochemical Stability

A didecyloxy-substituted poly(phenylenedicyanovinylene), DiCN–PPV, has been synthesized. The dicyano-substituted vinylene units exist in both trans and cis (∼65:35) conformations as determined by 1H NMR analysis, and cannot be converted to all trans due to the presence of a thermodynamic equilibrium of the two conformations, in contrast to the vinylene units in regular PPVs. The unusually high cis content makes this polymer highly amorphous, very soluble in organic solvent, and highly fluorescent in the solid state with an estimated quantum yield up to 0.34, four times more fluorescent than its chloroform solution. The LUMO and HOMO energies of the new polymer were measured by cyclovoltammetry. The cyano groups in DiCN–PPV brings a decrease in LUMO energy by 0.79 eV, and makes the polymer more stable to intense white light (>20 times as strong as the sunlight) than poly(2,5-didecyloxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene), C10O–PPV, by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The excellent photochemical stability and high fluor...
Efficient Bottom-Up Preparation of Graphene Nanoribbons by Mild Suzuki-Miyaura Polymerization of Simple Triaryl Monomers.

Herein an efficient bottom-up solution-phase synthesis of N=9 armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is described. Catalyzed by Pd(PtBu3 )2 , Suzuki-Miyaura polymerization of a simple and readily available triaryl monomer provides a novel GNR precursor with a high molecular weight and excellent solubility. Upon cyclodehydrogenation, the resulting GNR exhibits semiconducting properties with an approximately 1.1 eV band gap (LUMO: -3.52 eV; HOMO: -4.66 eV) as characterized by UV/Vis-NIR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
Plum St: Live Digital Storytelling with Remote Browsers.

What is the place for Internet Art within the paradigm of remote music performance? In this paper, we discuss techniques for live audiovisual storytelling with the Web browsers of remote viewers. We focus on the incorporation of socket technology to create a real-time link between performer and audience, enabling control of audiovisual media directly within the audiences' browsers. Finally, we describe Plum Street, an online multimedia performance, and suggest that by appropriating Web media such as Google Maps, social media, and Web Audio into the genre of remote audio performance, we can tell stories in a way that more accurately addresses modern life and holistically fulfills the Web browser's capabilities as a contemporary performance instrument.
Lawrence, Mark Attwood The Vietnam War: An International History with Documents New York: Oxford University Press 203 pp., $24.95, ISBN 9780199924400 Publication Date: February 2014

The arrival of Mark Atwood Lawrence's collection of sixty-seven annotated primary documents related to the Vietnam War is welcome news. The war in Indochina continues to attract the attention of st...
Public Expenditures and Risk Reduction

Governments in developing countries spend money on goods and services that have an impact on people’s exposure to risk. This paper presents a simple approach to valuing such expenditures from the perspective of risk reduction. There are two types of expenditures: public provision of insurance, such as for health care or crop yields; and policies aimed at other objectives that change peoples’ risk profile, such as transfer programs, tax and subsidy policies, and infrastructure investments. Several examples of each type show that incorpo
The filtering of time series with unknown signal statistics

The optimum operation for the smoothing of time series to minimize mean square error is well known when the signal and noise statistics are completely available. When the statistics of either or both are partially or completely unknown, however, there exists no universally agreed upon optimum procedure. This paper considers the problem of linear smoothing when the noise is additive, signal independent with first and second moments known while the signal statistics are completely unknown. This case is of practical interest since frequently signal assumptions are difficult to make whereas the noise can usually be assumed to be sample-to-sample uncorrelated with mean zero and known variance. This latter assumption of known noise power can be relaxed in some instances as will be discussed in a future paper.
Kmax-based data acquisition system for the University of Kentucky Accelerator Laboratory

Since the early 1990's, researchers working at the University of Kentucky (UK) Accelerator Laboratory have used in-house-developed graphical data acquisition systems that acquire data via interaction with CAMAC electronics. The CAMAC crate controller used previously was the DSP Model 6001, which, while excellent when first produced, had many limitations, including a computer interface that prevented the computer hardware from being upgraded. In an effort to overcome these difficulties, a Kmax-based data acquisition system has been developed. Using the tools available in Kmax 9, we have implemented several features into the current UK data acquisition system that were not present in any previous system, and additional developments are in progress.
Formation Mechanisms of Naphthalene and Indene: From the Interstellar Medium to Combustion Flames

The article addresses the formation mechanisms of naphthalene and indene, which represent prototype polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) carrying two six-membered and one five- plus a six-membered ring. Theoretical studies of the relevant chemical reactions are overviewed in terms of their potential energy surfaces, rate constants, and product branching ratios; these data are compared with experimental measurements in crossed molecular beams and the pyrolytic chemical reactor emulating the extreme conditions in the interstellar medium (ISM) and the combustion-like environment, respectively. The outcome of the reactions potentially producing naphthalene and indene is shown to critically depend on temperature and pressure or collision energy and hence the reaction mechanisms and their contributions to the PAH growth can be rather different in the ISM, planetary atmospheres, and in combustion flames at different temperatures and pressures. Specifically, this paradigm is illustrated with new theoretical res...
Promoting universal psychological well-being in an urban U.S. public school using a culture-specific, participatory action research approach to consultation

In the United States, children that require mental health supports most frequently receive them in school. Promoting social-emotional skills is considered both a universal prevention against future psychological disturbances as well as a core component in the treatment of psychological disorders. However, fostering social-emotional skills requires the establishment of school programs or school reform. This study aimed to impact social-emotional supports by eliciting the participation of multiple stakeholders in problem solving and decision making to co-construct programs. Methods, data, and analyses illustrate to practitioners a process for cultural co-construction that remains congruent with traditional stages of problem solving.
FPGA-Based TDC for Single-Photon Intensity Interferometry

A prototype intensity interferometer readout for single-photon detectors is presented as a time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). We briefly discuss the history and scientific motivations for the instrument. A comparison is drawn between the use of photomultiplier tubes in linear mode and single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) in Geiger mode. Different FPGA-based TDC configurations are discussed. We describe the design and implementation of a four-phase FPGA-based TDC. The paper concludes with the application of the design to investigate SPAD after-pulsing and a description of future work.
Single enzyme direct biomineralization of CdSe and CdSe-CdS core-shell quantum dots

Biomineralization is the process by which biological systems synthesize inorganic materials. Herein, we demonstrate an engineered cystathionine γ-lyase enzyme, smCSE that is active for the direct aqueous phase biomineralization of CdSe and CdSe-CdS core-shell nanocrystals. The nanocrystals are formed in an otherwise unreactive buffered solution of Cd acetate and selenocystine through enzymatic turnover of the selenocystine to form a reactive precursor, likely H2Se. The particle size of the CdSe core nanocrystals can be tuned by varying the incubation time to generated particle sizes between 2.74 ± 0.63 nm and 4.78 ± 1.16 nm formed after 20 min and 24 h of incubation, respectively. Subsequent purification and introduction of l-cysteine as a sulfur source facilitates the biomineralization of a CdS shell onto the CdSe cores. The quantum yield of the resulting CdSe-CdS core-shell particles is up to 12% in the aqueous phase; comparable to that reported for more traditional chemical synthesis routes for core-shell particles of similar size with similar shell coverage. This single-enzyme route to functional nanocrystals synthesis reveals the powerful potential of biomineralization processes.
Mad Max: travelling the fury road to learn economics

The use of film to teach economics is widely established. We extend this literature by analysing the critically acclaimed Mad Max: Fury Road (2015). The apocalyptic setting focuses on core economic concepts such as scarcity, resource use, productivity, specialisation, gains from trade, economic organisation, growth, and income inequality. We also suggest an out-of-class assignment that is suitable in both face-to-face and online instruction.
Diagnosis and prognosis—review of biomarkers for mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive disease arising in pleural cell lining and is associated with asbestos exposure. Today, there is a rising incidence of MPM reaching 3,000 annual cases nationally, primarily from the large population occupationally exposed to asbestos between 1940 and 1980. With a prolonged latency period, presenting clinically 10 to 40 years after exposure, MPM is often diagnosed in late stages and presents median survival time of less than 12 months. There is a serious need for improvement in prognostic and diagnostic tools for MPM. Recent investigation and discovery of various biomarkers has shown promise, including Osteopontin, Fibulin-3, Soluble Mesothelin-Related Proteins (SMRP), High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), micro-RNA’s, peripheral blood-based markers, and Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAmer) proteomic assays. In this review, we explore these current major biomarkers and their prognostic and diagnostic potential, highlighting the most recent large studies and developments for each. While progress has been made in mesothelioma research, many questions remain unanswered. Increased international cooperation is necessary for improving validity of results for current biomarkers through repeated investigation and increasing cohort sizes, as well as for the continued search for new and better markers.
Do White In-group Processes Matter, Too? White Racial Identity and Support for Black Political Candidates

Scholars find that negative evaluations of Blacks lead Whites to vote against Black political candidates. However, can an in-group psychological process have the same effect? We consider White racial identity to be a strong candidate for such a process. We argue that the mere presence of a Black candidate cues the identity, reducing support for these candidates among Whites. We test this hypothesis on vote choice in seven instances. Five of them involve simple vote choice models: the 2008 and 2012 Presidential elections, and three elections in 2010: The Massachusetts Gubernatorial election, Black candidates for the US House, and Black candidates for the US Senate. The other two are tests of the notion that White racial identity reduced President Obama’s approval, thus reducing support for all Democratic Congressional candidates in the 2010 Midterm and 2012 Congressional elections. We find support for these notions in all seven cases, across these seven elections, using four different survey research datasets, and four different measures of White identity. Comparisons with other presidential elections show that White identity did not significantly affect mono-racial elections. Furthermore, we find the White identity and racial resentment results to be very similar in terms of their robustness and apparent effect sizes. This indicates in-group evaluations, and those that focus on out-groups, operate independently of one another.
Study of Personality Variables among Successful Women Students and Teachers of Physical Education

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a pattern of similarity of personality variables existed among successful women undergraduate students, graduate students, and teachers in physical education and to compare the total physical education administered to 100 teachers, 55 graduate students, and 100 senior majors who were suggested by administrators in selected schools of professional preparation. The physical education groups showed a similarity of patterns, and significant differences were found when the total physical education group was compared with the normative group.
Surveillance Imaging in Patients With Endometrial Cancer in First Remission

Objective The clinical benefit of surveillance imaging in endometrial cancer remains undefined. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of surveillance imaging in endometrial cancer. Methods A total of 128 patients in first remission after treatment for endometrial cancer (uterine papillary serous, clear cell, stage III endometroid) who had surveillance imaging were retrospectively identified. The surveillance period was defined from the time of first-negative scan after treatment to the time when treatment was started for recurrent disease. Reports of surveillance scans were reviewed for the presence or absence of findings. The primary outcome was PPV of surveillance imaging. Cost and radiation exposure from surveillance imaging were also evaluated. Results A total of 128 patients had 707 surveillance scans (computed tomography, positron emission tomography-computed tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-d-glucose, magnetic resonance image, and bone scans). Median follow-up was 54 months (range: 9-173). Of all, 47 patients (37%) started therapy for recurrent endometrial cancer at the discretion of the treating physician. PPV of all surveillance imaging was 57.7%. Per patient, the mean number of surveillance scans was 5.6 (range: 2-21). The mean cost of imaging was $4200 (range: $1200-$18,700) and mean radiation exposure was 109.6mSV (range: 16-445mSv). Conclusions Surveillance imaging detected a significant number of recurrences in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer at a reasonable cost related to the overall risk. Well-designed prospective imaging trials are warranted to assess the clinical benefit of surveillance imaging.
Studies of induced malignant tumors of placental and uterine origin in the rat. I. Survival of placental tissue following fetectomy.

Abstract 1. The survival of placental and embryonic tissues after fetectomy was studied in the rat. At the ninth, tenth, eleventh, or twelfth day of pregnancy, fetuses were removed from gestation sacs in the left uterine horn of 46 adult Long-Evans rats; after fetectomy, a beeswax pellet was inserted and the sac was ligated. At the eighteenth, twenty-fifth, thirty-second, or fortieth day after conception, the rats were sacrificed and the fetectomized gestation sacs were removed, sectioned, and examined histologically. 2. Trophoblastic cells regressed within 3 weeks after fetectomy in most of the embryonic sacs (94.1 per cent) although they survived in the myometrium of 5.4 per cent for more than 4 weeks after fetectomy. Cortisone injection had no effect on trophoblast survival. Yolk sac epithelium survived only 2 weeks after fetectomy in 4.9 per cent. 3. Embryonic cells, injected subcutaneously into the mothers at the time of operation or persistent in the uterine wall, survived to the fortieth day after conception in 36.4 per cent of the animals; fetal tissues had developed in all of these. The survival rate of embryonic cells was much higher than that of trophoblastic cells. 4. No differences in the survival of trophoblast, yolk sac, or embryonic tissue were observed whether animals were fetectomized on the ninth, tenth, eleventh, or twelfth day of pregnancy.
The tween television diet: a content analysis of US tween program food references

AbstractThis content analysis, grounded in social cognitive theory, examined the nutritional quality of food, the outcomes associated with consuming food, the characters who reference food, and the context of food on narrative tween (9–14 year olds) television programs shown on Disney, Disney XD, Nickelodeon, Teen Nick, and Cartoon Network in the 2004–2013 seasons. Nutritious foods were portrayed more frequently than non-nutritious foods, and the outcomes of consuming food were mostly neutral, followed by positive, and then negative outcomes. Attractive characters most frequently experienced positive outcomes for consuming nutritious foods, whereas average-looking characters most frequently experienced negative outcomes for consuming nutritious food. Significant two-way interactions were found for nutritional quality with both food purpose and food occasion. Results are discussed in light of the healthful messages portrayed on tween television and the potential for modeling effects among tweens.
Machine Learning Behavioral Recognition to Support Neuropsychological Diagnosis of Cognitive Decline

With nearly 93,500 deaths were attributed to Alzheimer's Disease in 2014 and numbers projected to climb, medical experts have recently placed increasing emphasis in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. An open challenge in early detection is developing standardized testing that helps clinicians detect subtle signs of Mild Cognitive Impairment that occur prior to the development of said dementias. In this regard we present our preliminary work on leveraging machine-learning behavioral classification to detect subtle behavioral abnormalities. Our framework consists of detecting behavioral abnormalities through the computerization of an existing paper-based clinical neuropsychological tests as well as the development of novel tests that could only be realized with modern touch tablet technology.
Magnetic transition in compressed Fe 3 C from x-ray emission spectroscopy

The magnetic properties of iron in cementite $({\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}\mathrm{C})$ have been measured by x-ray emission spectroscopy in a diamond cell up to 45 GPa. The $\mathrm{Fe}\text{\penalty1000-\hskip0pt}{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$ fluorescence peaks reveal that ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}\mathrm{C}$ undergoes a magnetic collapse at approximately 25 GPa, consistent with theoretical predictions. This transition is likely to be a second-order phase transition without a major structural change. The magnetic collapse transition is expected to affect the elastic and thermodynamic properties of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}\mathrm{C}$; the nonmagnetic phase predicted theoretically has a higher incompressibility and density than the magnetic state. Our results support recent theoretical and thermodynamic calculations indicating that ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}\mathrm{C}$ is unlikely to be the major component in the Earth's inner core.
Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation

There is a cogent argument for the proposition, illustrated in Figure 1, that there is a spectrum of rate-determining steps in environmentally-controlled subcritical crack propagation encompassed by the phenomena ‘corrosion-fatigue’ (C.F.), ‘hydrogen-embrittlement’ (HE) and’ stress-corrosion cracking’ (SCC). The spectrum between the latter two phenomena was proposed by Parkins(1) and ranges from one limit where the cracking mechanism is dominated by strength and metallurgical parameters, epitomized by the hydrogen embrittlement of high strength steels in hydrogen gas, to the other limit where the cracking mechanism is dominated by the electrochemical processes in aqueous environments and is represented by systems such as mild-steel in nitrate or brass in ammoniacal solutions where failure is by active-path, slip-dissolution or (possibly) brittle film processes. Unfortunately many technologically important systems cannot be classified unambiguously at one of these limits, with the resulting academic debate as to the precise advancement mechanism or whether there is a combination of two distinct mechanisms.
Climate Benchmarking Using GNSS Occultation

We put climate monitoring in a scientific context, which can be arrived at through a careful implementation of Bayesian inference. What we find is that a good climate monitoring tool must help address the physics of a climate model so as to make it better able to predict future climates. GNSS occultation is ideal because it offers sensitivity to improve the model physics which affects the stratospheric Brewer-Dobson circulation, the tropical tropospheric hydrological cycle, and the poleward migration of the mid-latitude storm track. Also, GNSS occultation is ideal because it can be readily made into a benchmark measurement provided clock calibration is always done by double-differencing, and measurements used to determine precise orbits and information on ionospheric activity are archived as auxiliary information. In doing so, GNSS occultation can be made S.I. traceable.
The Pastoral Epistles, Apostolic Authority, and the Development of The Pauline Scriptures

If the Pastoral Epistles do not come directly from Paul but from someone else in the Pauline tradition,1 a number of questions pertaining to the emergence of the Pauline writings as Scripture arise. How does the authority of Paul serve to validate the authority of the Pastoral texts? How does the attempt to emulate the authentic—and earlier—Pauline epistles shape the Pastoral Epistles? Finally, can we see already in the Pastoral Epistles something of the early movement toward the development of a body of Pauline Scriptures and ultimately a Pauline canon?2 If, however, we conclude that the Pastorals are in fact from Paul himself, these questions undoubtedly shift, but not dramatically so in each case. The question of Pauline authority still pertains, and the issue of a developing concept of Pauline Scripture shifts only slightly. If the Pastoral Epistles are authentically Pauline, the issue of emulation does change significantly. Paul, of course, would not emulate himself, as would someone writing pseudepigraphically in the name of Paul. In either case, however, the issue of an emerging concept of Scripture is linked to the theological contour of the Pastoral Epistles, as well as to their relationship with one another and with the larger Pauline corpus.3 The thesis to be developed here is that a Pauline concept of Scripture, the precursor to a full-fledged Pauline canon, can be detected already in the theological and literary patterns of the Pastoral Epistles.
Music and the self

As we pass through life we interact with and experience music in many ways. Sometimes we pay attention to it; other times we do not. Often we move along with music, not only as performers but also as engaged listeners who tap their feet, bob their heads, or simply follow the music with their minds. Perhaps for most, music intertwines itself with our life narratives. Hearing songs from our past often evokes vivid memories and strong emotions (Sloboda and O’Neill 2001, Juslin and Laukka 2004, Janata et al. 2007). Given the many ways in which we experience music, and the central role it plays in cultures around the world, one is drawn to the questions of why music engages the human brain so strongly and how it is that the brain enables these various forms of musical experience? Part of answering these questions depends on understanding what constellations of brain areas might allow music to interact so profoundly with the self. In other words, what are the brain areas that allow music to move us or to evoke such strong memories?
High Performance Metamorphic Tunnel Junctions for GaAsP/Si Tandem Solar Cells Grown via MOCVD

A high-performance metamorphic $\mathbf {Al}_{\mathbf {0.2}} \mathbf {Ga}_{\mathbf {0.8}} \mathbf {As}_{\mathbf {0.75}} \mathbf {P}_{\mathbf {0.25}}$/GaAs$_{\mathbf {0.75}}{\mathbf {P}}_{\mathbf {0.25}}$ tunnel junction structure, grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, was designed for use within GaAs$_{\mathbf {0.75}} {\mathbf {P}}_{\mathbf {0.25}}$textbf/Si tandem solar cells. Optimized growth conditions were determined for high C (p-type) and Te (n-type) doping, and a method to mitigate the well-known Te memory effect was develop. The optimized as-grown standalone test device yielded a peak tunneling current of 279.1 Acm $^{\mathbf {-2}}$ and zero-bias resistance-area product of $3.0 \times 10^{\mathbf {-4}} \Omega \mathbf {cm}^{\mathbf {2}}$. Upon exposure to various post-growth thermal treatments these values were found to degrade by up to an order of magnitude, but overall performance still far exceeded the demands for the tandem solar cell operating under AM1.5G, with further extension to operation under medium to high concentration possible.