cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
User Access of Public Shared Devices in Pervasive Computing Environments

To allow for an efficient usage of a device in pervasive computing environments when a user intends to selectively utilize multiple devices within his/her vicinity, reliable and yet convenient authentication is an important requirement. The problem becomes more complex when the accessed device is shared by the public with many different individuals. This paper first illustrates the issues of establishing sessions to such devices (logging in, maintaining a session, and logging out), and then identifies the common pitfall of access-control contexts. We propose an improved context-aware solution that supports a secure, selective, and identifiable user access of public shared devices with high usability.
An Electromagnetic Cane for Meteoriticists

The use of highly sensitive meteorite detectors may be impossible under field conditions readily permitting the recovery of surface meteorites by the use of a magnetic cane. Even when conditions are favorable for the use of powerful and elaborate detecting equipment, it may be desirable to employ a magnetic prod to test the nature of objects located beneath the surface of the ground. It is the purpose of this paper to describe an electromagnetic cane or prod which has proved most useful, not only in visual searches for surface meteorites but also in the identification of subsurface objects located by non-discriminatory meteorite detectors.
Microstructure dependence of diffusional transport

A simple and eAective numerical method is proposed for simulating the temporal diAusive mass transport process through a microstructure with arbitrary complexity described by a phase-field approach. The mass diAusion through a given microstructure is modeled by a diAusion equation with a variable diAusion coeAcient, which is solved by an eAcient and accurate semi-implicit spectral method. It is shown that it is possible to extract the eAective diAusion coeAcient for any given microstructure from the temporal concentration profiles. The method is used to simulate the grain boundary diAusion in a single-phase polycrystalline grain structure and the heterogeneous diAusion in a twophase microstructure with diAerent diAusion coeAcient in each phase. Results are compared with existing analytical theories and computer simulations. ” 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Electronic portfolios: questions, implementation, and lessons learned in a doctor of pharmacy program

Abstract This article describes the planning and implementation of electronic portfolios (e-portfolios) at the University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy (UNM COP). It is hoped that this information will help other health science colleges streamline their implementation of e-portfolios. We summarize the College's portfolio adoption process, including specific decisions about portfolio content, needs, and application features, and we present key lessons learned. The article is framed in the form of questions asked and decisions made on the basis of evidence-based best instructional practices as presented in the educational literature and practical needs for the College and its faculty and students. The questions and corresponding UNM COP decisions are presented in two categories, portfolio composition questions, and portfolio implementation questions.
New Walking Dependence Associated With Hospitalization for Acute Medical Illness: Incidence and Significance

Background. The ability to walk independently may become jeopardized during hospitalization. It is unknown which patients are at risk for decline in walking, or to what extent patients will recover. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes associated with new walking dependence after hospitalization. Methods. Baseline characteristics and functional outcomes at hospital discharge and 3 months after discharge were measured for 1,181 community-dwelling adults aged 70 and over who were hospitalized for medical illness and who walked independently prior to hospitalization. Results. At discharge, 16.8% of patients were newly dependent in walking. Risk factors included age > 85 (odds ratio [OR] 2.7 vs age <75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-4.9), functional impairment before hospitalization (OR 1.4 for each impairment, CI 1.1-1.7), Caucasian race (OR 1.9, CI 1.1-3.3), and use of a walker (OR 1.8, CI 1.04-3.2) or wheelchair (OR 3.2, CI 1.3-7.6) before admission. A cancer diagnosis (OR 2.3, CI 1.2—4.6) and more than four comorbid conditions (OR 1.9, CI 1.2-3.0) were also predictive. New walking dependence was associated with discharge to a nursing home (p = .0001) and higher postdischarge mortality (p < .001). Twenty-seven percent of patients who developed new walking dependence and survived 3 months continued to be dependent in walking. Conclusions. New walking dependence occurs frequently with hospitalization, may be predicted by specific risk factors, and portends a poor prognosis. Strategies are needed to help at-risk patients maintain walking independence during and after hospitalization.
Enhanced H-mode pedestals with lithium injection in DIII-D

Periods of edge localized mode (ELM)-free H-mode with increased pedestal pressure and width were observed in the DIII-D tokamak when density fluctuations localized to the region near the separatrix were present. Injection of a powder of 45 µm diameter lithium particles increased the duration of the enhanced pedestal phases to up to 350 ms, and also increased the likelihood of a transition to the enhanced phase. Lithium injection at a level sufficient for triggering the extended enhanced phases resulted in significant lithium in the plasma core, but carbon and other higher Z impurities as well as radiated power levels were reduced. Recycling of the working deuterium gas appeared unaffected by this level of lithium injection. The ion scale, kθρs ~ 0.1–0.2, density fluctuations propagated in the electron drift direction with f ~ 80 kHz and occurred in bursts every ~1 ms. The fluctuation bursts correlated with plasma loss resulting in a flattening of the pressure profile in a region near the separatrix. This localized flattening allowed higher overall pedestal pressure at the peeling–ballooning stability limit and higher pressure than expected under the EPED model due to reduction of the pressure gradient below the 'ballooning critical profile'. Reduction of the ion pressure by lithium dilution may contribute to the long ELM-free periods.
Effect of Magnesium on in Vitro Production of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1

Batch and chemostat culture of Staphylococcus aureus strain S411 was conducted in an investigation of the role of Mg++ in the control of production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). Under both growth conditions, Mg++ influenced bacterial growth, and TSST-1 production was correlated with bacterial growth. The specific activity of TSST-1 (ng/mg yield, ng/mg total protein) increased with increasing concentrations of Mg++ and was maximal at physiologic levels of Mg++. No production of TSST-1 was observed under anaerobic conditions. In chemostat cultures in which valine nutrient limitation was used with various levels of tryptophan in the chemically defined medium, tryptophan concentration controlled the production of TSST-1 by strain S411, regardless of the concentration of Mg++.
Dynamic calibration and compensation of a 3D laser radar scanning system

LIDAR (laser radar) is used to measure three-dimensional (3-D) object positions. It produces a range and an intensity image of the measured object and relies on the range image to determine the 3-D positions of the object. Because the range image is frequently corrupted with noise, a dynamic method to improve the LIDAR accuracy, based on a polynomial calibration model and an autoregressive moving-average calibration model, has been established. Experimental results show that the measurement errors of the LIDAR system have been reduced from 163 counts to 18 counts after compensation using the polynomial calibration model and that the errors have been further reduced to 11 counts with the ARMA model. >
Reliability of AlInAs/GaInAs heterojunction bipolar transistors

The reliability of high-performance AlInAs/GaInAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is discussed. Devices with a base Be doping level of 5*10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ and a base thickness of approximately 50 nm displayed no sign of Be diffusion under applied bias. Excellent stability in DC current gain, device turn-on voltage, and base-emitter junction characteristics was observed. Accelerated life-test experiments were performed under an applied constant collector current density of 7*10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ at ambient temperatures of 193, 208, and 328 degrees C. Junction temperature and device thermal resistance were determined experimentally. Degradation of the base-collector junction was used as failure criterion to project a mean time to failure in excess of 10/sup 7/ h at 125 degrees C junction temperature with an associated activation energy of 1.92 eV. >
Prospective observational study of donor-site morbidity following anterior iliac crest bone-grafting in orthopaedic trauma reconstruction patients.

Background: Complications associated with iliac crest bone-graft donor sites have been reported. This prospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pain and complications at the iliac crest donor site in patients undergoing treatment of fracture nonunion. Methods: Ninety-two patients undergoing anterior iliac crest bone-grafting for nonunion or delayed union of a long-bone fracture were prospectively enrolled. Twenty-seven patients undergoing an alternative surgical treatment were enrolled as a control group. Questionnaires including pain on a visual analog scale (0 to 10) at the donor site were completed by patients at two weeks, six weeks, three months, and one year postoperatively. Short Form-36 (SF-36) forms were completed at enrollment and at the time of final follow-up. Results: The mean pain on the visual analog scale at the donor site was 3.9 at two weeks but rapidly decreased to 1.4 at six weeks and reached 0.3 at one year or more postoperatively (p 3 at one year or more postoperatively. There were three deep infections (3%) at the donor site, and no patients had a permanent sensory deficit in the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve distribution. At the time of final follow-up (mean, twenty-two months), scores for the SF-36 bodily pain subscale were significantly higher in the iliac crest group than in the control group, indicating a greater improvement in overall bodily pain in the iliac crest group. Conclusions: Anterior iliac crest bone-grafting for nonunion was a well-tolerated procedure. Substantial, persistent pain at the iliac crest donor site occurred in 2% of patients. Iliac crest bone-grafting did not appear to impair function or well-being compared with alternative treatments. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Mathematics Reform in the Education of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students

In response to increased demand for competent workers who possess skills in problem solving, cooperative work, and technology, education professionals have set out to reform mathematics education. The purpose of the present study was to determine the state of mathematics reform in the education of deaf and hard of hearing students. A national survey was sent to administrators and faculty at schools for the Deaf seeking information on mathematics programs and instruction. Data were analyzed by profession (i.e., administrator, teacher) and grade level (K-4, 5-8, 9-12). Results show that some aspects of reform (e.g., problem solving, use of concrete materials) have been incorporated into the deaf education mathematics curriculum but that many 'traditional' techniques (e.g., drill and practice, rote memorization) remain in use. Data support the need for increased attention to mathematics education reform within deaf education. Recommendations are provided to professionals in the field to better prepare students for the 21st century.
The Adapter Protein LAT Enhances Fcγ Receptor-mediated Signal Transduction in Myeloid Cells

FcγR clustering in monocytes initiates a cascade of signaling events that culminate in biological responses such as phagocytosis, production of inflammatory cytokines, and generation of reactive oxygen species. We have identified and determined the function of the adapter protein linker of activation of T cell (LAT) in FcγR-mediated signaling and function. Clustering of FcγRs on the human monocytic cell line, THP-1, induces phosphorylation of a major 36-kDa protein which immunoreacts with anti-LAT antisera. Our data indicate that although both the 36-kDa and 38-kDa isoforms of LAT are expressed in THP-1 and U937 human monocytic cells, FcγR clustering induces phosphorylation of the 36-kDa isoform only. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a constitutive association of p36 LAT with both FcγRI and FcγRIIa immunoprecipitates, and an activation-induced association of LAT with PLCγ1, Grb2, and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Transient transfection experiments in COS-7 cells indicated that overexpression of a wild type but not a dominant-negative LAT, that is incapable of binding to p85, enhances phagocytosis by FcγRI. Furthermore, bone marrow-derived macrophages from LAT-deficient mice displayed reduced phagocytic efficiency in comparison to the macrophages from wild-type mice. Thus, we conclude that p36 LAT serves to enhance FcγR-induced signal transduction in myeloid cells.
Batteries of the Future for Vehicle Applications

In consonance with the theme of this centennial symposium, it is appropriate to consider how electrochemistry in the automotive industry can make important future contributions to energy independence and a cleaner environment. Electric vehicles powered by rechargeable batteries offer the opportunity to shift a portion of the transportation energy demand away from petroleum, and toward other energy sources such as coal, nuclear, and hydroelectric. The importance of this opportunity can be understood by examination of Figure 1, (1) which is an energy flow diagram of the U.S. energy economy. Note that the transportation sector consumes an amount of oil equal to the total U.S. production (and more than all of the imports*). A reduction in the petroleum consumption by the transportation sector would allow a corresponding reduction in oil imports. This could be achieved by the use of electrical energy for at least part of our transportation. Note (Figure 1) that only a small fraction of the U.S.’s electrical energy is produced from oil.
Allied Military Government Policy and the Religious Situation in Germany

If it be assumed that in any survey of the religious situation in post-war Europe, reconstruction and the struggle against Stalinist communism are the two main themes, Germany is deserving of attention on both counts. By the end of the war, approximately fifty per cent of the church's physical property in cities of more than thirty thousand people had been destroyed. The Nazi penetration into the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the Evangelical Church and practically all the minor Protestant sects also presented a reconstruction problem of major proportions. In the matter of communism, Germany at the crossroads of East and West was soon subjected to a determined leftist drive, conducted in the guise of anti-fascism, to remake its society on an anticlerical and irreligious pattern.
Service Provision in Disconnected Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

With the proliferation of mobiles devices equipped with communication interfaces such as IEEE 802.11 or IEEE 802.15, the mobile ad hoc networks have been recently arousing an increasing interest, and are considered from now as relevant supports for the ubiquitous and pervasive computing. The service provision in such networks arises as a critical issue for the success of these new computing paradigms. In this paper, we present both an approach and a middleware platform for the discovery and the invocation of services in disconnected, partially connected or intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks. This approach relies on a content-based management of messages, on a flexible service invocation and on context-awareness.
Private And Public Sector Ethics

Differences between public and private-sector organizations were proposed to lead to different ethical perceptions, principles and judgments. As expected, employees working in the public and private sector and enrolled in a night MBA program did display significantly different ethical judgments that appeared to be partially, but not completely explained by significant differences in the ethical principles they reported emphasizing. Ethical decision-making models suggest, as we do, that differing ethical perceptions also played a part in the different judgments found.
Continence Redux: The 1880 version of an ongoing debate

More than a hundred years ago the issue of continence was being debated in the medical community. A number of physicians strongly advocated not only that there should be premarital continence but that a married couple should also practice continence except when procreation was intended. The same message continues to be proclaimed today, but the population to which it is directed has shrunk to people in their teens.
Is a Single-Item Operative Performance Rating Sufficient?

Objective A valid measure of resident operative performance ability requires direct observation and accurate rating of multiple resident performances under the normal range of operating conditions. The challenge is to create an operative performance rating (OPR) system that: is easy to use, encourages completion of many ratings immediately after performances and minimally disrupts supervising surgeons’ work days. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a score based on a single-item overall OPR provides a valid and stable appraisal of resident operative performances. Design A retrospective comparison of a single-item OPR with a gold-standard rating based on multiple procedure-specific and general OPR items. Setting Data were collected in the general surgery residency program at Southern Illinois University from 2001 through 2012. Participants Assessments of 1033 operative performances (3 common procedures, 2 laparoscopic, and 1 open) by general surgery residents were collected. OPRs based on single-item overall performance scale scores were compared with gold-standard ratings for the same performances. Results Differences in performance scores using the 2 scales averaged 0.02 points (5-point scale). Correlations of the single-item and gold-standard scale scores averaged 0.95. Based on generalizability analyses of laparoscopic cholecystectomy ratings, each instrument required 5 observations to achieve reliabilities of 0.80 and 11 observations to achieve reliabilities of 0.90. Only 4.4% of single-item ratings misclassified the performance when compared with the gold-standard rating and all misclassifications were near misses. For 80% of misclassified ratings, single-item ratings were lower. Conclusions Single-item operative performance measures produced ratings that were virtually identical to gold-standard scale ratings. Misclassifications occurred infrequently and were minor in magnitude. Ratings using the single-item scale: take less time to complete, should increase the sample of procedures rated, and encourage attending surgeons to complete ratings immediately after observing performances. Face-to-face and written comments and suggestions should continue to be used to provide the granular feedback residents need to improve subsequent performances.
The Intestinal Mucus Layer Comes of Age

The mucus layer is critical in limiting contact between host and the complex bacterial consortia that colonize the intestine. A recent paper in Cell Host and Microbe provides comprehensive insight into the dynamics of mucus layer maturation upon bacterial colonization of germ-free (GF) mice that have implications for studies on host-microbe interaction involving colonization of GF mice.
Institutionalized Cooperation and Resilience in Transboundary Freshwater Allocation

Of all the expected impacts of climate change, the most significant is likely to be the change in the availability of freshwater associated with changing precipitation. The most recent IPCC Report notes that all regions of the world are expected to experience a net negative impact on water resources and freshwater ecosystems. The impact is likely to be highly variable: some regions experiencing declining runoff, others increasing runoff. Many areas are projected to experience increased variability in precipitation and hence in water supply, water quality and flood risks (IPCC 2007). Individual countries are already developing strategies to adapt to or to mitigate the consequences of changes in water availability, including the adoption of water conservation measures, water conservation and adaptive management practices, together with the development of novel institutions — including water markets. Internationally, however, there are fewer options. Transboundary water resources are typically governed by international treaties and by the mechanisms established under those treaties (e.g. transboundary water commissions). In this chapter we consider the role of transboundary water agreements in the resilience of social-ecological systems to water shocks and stresses, where resilience is taken to mean the capacity of the system to maintain functionality over a particular disturbance regime (Holling 1973, Perrings 1998). Transboundary agreements take many forms, some being more effective than others at adapting to environmental and social change. Two attributes of a social ecological system determine its resilience. One is the adaptive capacity of both components of the system (Carpenter et al. 1999, Elmqvist et al. 2003, Scheffer and Carpenter 2003, Kinzig et al. 2006). For freshwater ecosystems, this depends on the flow regimes, sediment and organic inputs, nutrient flows and biotic assemblages (Baron et al. 2002). For the institutions governing transboundary freshwater systems, it depends on treaty mechanisms that account for fluctuations in the water cycle. A second important attribute of coupled systems is their robustness: the properties of the system that allow it to accommodate perturbations without additional adaptation (Webb and Levin 2005). Using the results of a content analysis we evaluate these attributes in a sample of 73 international water treaties.
Fluorescence spectra from individual microsized bioaerosols excited by a sequentially fired UV-LED linear array

A low-cost, very compact optical spectroscopic system demonstrates the ability for detecting fluorescence spectrum from single flowing bioaerosols excited by pulsed-sequentially firing UV LED linear array.
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF LEPIDOPTERAN LARVAE IN SWEET CORN IN VIRGINIA, 2013

The objective of this experiment was to assess the efficacy of insecticides for the control of lepidopteran pests of sweet corn in eastern Virginia. The experiment consisted of 9 treatments arranged in an RCB design with four replicates. “Merit” sweet corn was planted on 17 June 2014 at the Virginia Tech Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Painter, VA. Plots were 2 rows wide and 20 ft (6.1 m) long with no guard rows. Rows were planted on a 3 ft row center (0.9 m) in a 4 tier …
Nonlinear beam propagation effects in an absorbing birefringent medium

Nonlinear beam propagation in absorbing media was originally examined by numerical simulations of the propagation of an electric field interacting with homogeneously broadened two-level atoms.1,2 Two significant predictions of the theory were cw on-resonance enhancement (CORE) and Fresnel ring encoding on the propagating beam. CORE has been observed in sodium vapor experiments3 where the center intensity of a beam traveling through an absorbing media increased by 69%. Fresnel ring encoding of an Ar-ion laser beam propagating through a sample of pink ruby has also been demonstrated.4 We further the work by discussing the experimental study of the effect of an absorbing birefringent media on a propagating laser beam.
Perpetual Finality: In Immigration Removal Proceedings, Motions to Reopen Create More Problems Than They Solve

Immigrants who have been ordered removed may challenge their final removal order by filing a motion for the court to reopen their case. Motions to reopen removal cases are common within the immigration system, but offer little chance for an alien to actually receive relief. These motions are typically subject to strict time and numerical limitations. And the legal bases for reopening an immigrant’s case render the alien’s chances unlikely. Current statute and case law provide seven grounds for an immigrant to reopen a case. These grounds stem from United States Code, the Code of Federal Regulations, and the Board of Immigration Appeals’ precedential case law. Some of these grounds require such a perfect storm of unlikely circumstances that reopening becomes de facto impossible for an alien to attain. Some grounds are confusing, with requirements that are difficult for aliens, their attorneys, or even judges to understand. The remaining grounds have bright-line rules but are couched in ambiguous language. This leads attorneys to pursue reopening in cases that do not merit reopening, but seem to merit reopening because of the ambiguity. This Comment outlines the current legal bases for an alien seeking to reopen a removal case. It will explore the problems and shortcomings inherent to these bases. And it will recommend reforms to the current structure which will render the immigration post-conclusion structure fairer to the alien, clearer for the private attorneys, and more efficient for the government.
The party, not the person

By the time the polls closed on November 4, 2014, hundreds of U.S. House candidates across the country had spent millions trying to persuade voters to send them to Washington. For months, they had sparred in debates, held rallies, hosted public forums, knocked on doors, marched in parades, shaken hands, and done everything they could to convince their fellow citizens that they were the best people to represent them. But to hear the voters tell it come Election Day, the midterms’ most important political figures weren't even on the ballot. The election was less about the candidates in their districts than it was about President Obama, his Democratic allies, and the Republican opposition in Washington. Coming out of his polling place at a volunteer fire department, Powhatan County resident Mike Crist told a local reporter that he voted for Republican Randy Forbes in Virginia's 4th Congressional District race. The salesman's support of the seven-term incumbent, however, seemed to be more a statement about the Obama Administration's failed economic policies than anything else. “We need,” Crist said in a dig at the president's 2008 campaign slogan, “change that you can really jiggle in your pocket.” In New York's 18th Congressional District, Ken Moore told the Poughkeepsie Journal that his vote was motivated by concerns about the leftward turn of the country's fiscal policies. Moore hoped Republican Nan Hayworth's conservatism would serve as a bulwark against the Democrats’ economic agenda – especially what he saw as likely “taxation and big government, none of which I am in favor of.” And when Willy Hughes cast his ballot for Republican incumbent Blake Farenthold at King High School in Corpus Christi, Texas, he felt no need to be polite: “All I know is he's working to beat back most of the garbage that's going on in Washington,” Hughes told the Caller-Times . Democratic voters were frustrated too, but the target of their anger was the GOP. “I want to get all those Republicans out of there,” Melvenia Myles said, explaining to the Miami Herald why she voted for Congresswoman Frederica Wilson and other local Democrats. Others were fed up with what they saw as the Republican Party's obstructionism.
Direct detonation initiation with thermal deposition due to pore collapse in energetic materials – towards the coupling between micro- and macroscale

In this work we investigate the initiation of detonations in energetic materials through thermal power deposition due to pore collapse. We solve the reactive Euler equations, with the energy equation augmented by a power deposition term. The deposition term is partially based on previous results of simulations of pore collapse at the microscale, modelled at the macroscale as hotspots. It is found that a critical size of the hotspots exists. If the hotspots exceed the critical size, direct initiation of detonation can be achieved even with a low power input, in contrast to the common assumption that a sufficient power is necessary to initiate detonation. We show that sufficient power is necessary only when the size of the hotspots is below the critical size. In this scenario, the so-called ‘explosion in the explosion’, the initial ignition does not lead to a detonation directly, but detonation occurs later as a result of shock-to-detonation transition in the region processed by the shock wave generated by ...
Deletion of PRKAA triggers mitochondrial fission by inhibiting the autophagy-dependent degradation of DNM1L.

ABSTRACTPRKAA (protein kinase, AMP-activated, α catalytic subunit) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, function, and turnover. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PRKAA regulates mitochondrial dynamics remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that PRKAA regulated mitochondrial fission via the autophagy-dependent degradation of DNM1L (dynamin 1-like). Deletion of Prkaa1/AMPKα1 or Prkaa2/AMPKα2 resulted in defective autophagy, DNM1L accumulation, and aberrant mitochondrial fragmentation in the mouse aortic endothelium. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition by chloroquine treatment or ATG7 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, upregulated DNM1L expression and triggered DNM1L-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. In contrast, autophagy activation by overexpression of ATG7 or chronic administration of rapamycin, the MTOR inhibitor, promoted DNM1L degradation and attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation in Prkaa2-deficient (prkaa2−/−) mice, suggesting that defective autophagy contributes to enhanced ...
Nonlinear control of standalone inverter with unbalanced, nonlinear load

In this paper, a nonlinear backstepping controller is proposed for the control of a 3-phase 3-level diode clamped inverter with an output LC filter under different loads including balanced, unbalanced, linear and nonlinear loads. Also, the seamless transition of the inverter from standalone to grid-tie is investigated while the inverter is under the control of the proposed scheme. Lyapunov stability analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control solution in terms of tracking objective and in meeting the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) requirements of IEEE 519 and EN 50160 standards for US and European power systems, respectively.
Whole Brain Segmentation and Labeling from CT Using Synthetic MR Images

To achieve whole-brain segmentation—i.e., classifying tissues within and immediately around the brain as gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid—magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is nearly always used. However, there are many clinical scenarios where computed tomography (CT) is the only modality that is acquired and yet whole brain segmentation (and labeling) is desired. This is a very challenging task, primarily because CT has poor soft tissue contrast; very few segmentation methods have been reported to date and there are no reports on automatic labeling. This paper presents a whole brain segmentation and labeling method for non-contrast CT images that first uses a fully convolutional network (FCN) to synthesize an MR image from a CT image and then uses the synthetic MR image in a standard pipeline for whole brain segmentation and labeling. The FCN was trained on image patches derived from ten co-registered MR and CT images and the segmentation and labeling method was tested on sixteen CT scans in which co-registered MR images are available for performance evaluation. Results show excellent MR image synthesis from CT images and improved soft tissue segmentation and labeling over a multi-atlas segmentation approach.
Structured polarized light microscopy (SPLM) for mapping collagen fiber orientation of ocular tissues

Glaucoma is a disease characterized by progressive and irreversible vision loss leading to blindness. This vision loss is believed to be largely determined by the biomechanics of the optic nerve head region. Optic nerve head biomechanics, in turn, is determined by the properties of the constituent collagen. However, it is challenging to visualize and quantify collagen morphology and orientation in situ, and therefore often studies of the region collagen have used histological sections. Here we describe SPLM, a novel imaging technique that combines structured light illumination and polarized light microscopy (PLM) to enable collagen fiber visualization and fiber orientation mapping without requiring tissue sectioning. We developed a custom automated SPLM imaging system based on an upright microscope and a digital micromirror device (DMD) projector. The high spatial frequency patterns were used to achieve effective background suppression. Enhanced scattering sensitivity with SPLM resulted in images with highly improved visibility of collagen structures, even of tissues covered by pigment. SPLM produced improved fiber orientation maps from superficial layers compared to depth-averaged orientation from regular PLM. SPLM imaging provides valuable information of collagen fiber morphology and orientation in situ thus strengthening the study of ocular collagen fiber biomechanics and glaucoma.
A novel genetic architecture of infectious diseases

Laurent Abel describes two landmark studies from 1996 that described the genetic susceptibility of children to severe mycobacterial infections.
Impacts of Salinity and Oxygen on Particle-Associated Microbial Communities in the Broadkill River, Lewes DE

Particulate matter in estuarine systems hosts microbial communities that can impact biogeochemical cycles. While the bacterial community composition on suspended particles has been previously investigated, especially with regards to how salinity may structure these communities, the archaeal fraction of the microbial community has not received the same attention. Here we investigate both the bacterial and archaeal community composition on two sizes of particles along a riverine discharge gradient in the Broadkill River, DE, USA, to determine whether the archaeal community is selected by similar environmental stressors as the bacteria. We measured salinity, nutrients, and diatom abundances, and use particle size as a proxy for oxygen concentrations. We show that salinity is a strong environmental factor that controls both bacterial and archaeal community composition and oxygen is an additional factor, impacting archaea more than bacteria.
“I am Dark and Lovely”: Let the Shulammite Woman Speak

In this article, I not only interrogate black Pentecostal women’s complex engagement with their bodies through traditional ideas of holiness but also construct more liberative ways forward ...
Correction: Prevalence of chronic health conditions and hospital utilization in adults with spinal cord injury: an analysis of self-report and South Carolina administrative billing data.

Retrospective analysis of self-report and administrative billing data. (1) Identify the self-reported prevalence of seven chronic health conditions (CHCs) in adults with chronic, traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), (2) Examine the relationships between the presence of CHC with future hospital admissions and total number of inpatient days and (3) identify predictors of utilization. Data were collected from participants living in and utilizing hospitals in South Carolina, USA. Participants were identified through the South Carolina SCI Surveillance System Registry. Between 2010 and 2013, 963 adults ( > 18 years old) with chronic ( > 1-year), traumatic SCI completed self-report assessments (SRAs); this analysis includes data from 787 individuals. The presence/absence of the seven CHC was assessed using self-report data. Administrative billing data were used to assess hospital utilization in non-federal, South Carolina hospitals in the year following the SRA. In all, 40.5% reported no CHC; 23.4% reported one CHC and 36.1% reported having two or more CHC. The most commonly reported CHCs were hypertension (43.1%), high cholesterol (32.2%) and diabetes (15.8%). In total, 59% had at least one hospital admission in the year following the SRA (mean 3 ± 5; range 0–45; median = 1). The mean total inpatient days was 15.7 ± 43 days (range 0–365; median = 1). Predictors of hospital admission included CHC, pressure sores, education, prior hospitalization and injury severity. With the exception of CHC, each was also associated with total number of inpatient days. CHC are prevalent and associated with hospital admissions in adults with chronic, traumatic SCI.
Polemics on the Etiology of Juvenile Delinquency: A Review of Some Multiple-Perspective Attacks on Travis Hirschi’s Social Bonding Theory

Influenced by Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan (1957 [1651]) and Emile Durkheim’s Le Suicide (1966 [1897]), criminologist Travis Hirschi wrote Causes of Delinquency (1969) in which he hypothesized that the more a juvenile is bonded to conventional society, the less likely he will become delinquent. Hirschi described four elements of the “social bond” (attachment, commitment, involvement and belief) and detailed the methodology he used to develop what is commonly referred to as “social bonding theory.” Although this enduring classic work has been seriously tested and highly praised for almost five decades for its classic contribution to the study and prevention of delinquency (and crime), it has also been sharply criticized from many theoretical and methodological perspectives. This paper provides an identification and review of several of those attacks.
Patient-Care Team Contact Patterns Impact Treatment Length of Stay in the Emergency Department

Real-time location systems (RTLS) has found extensive application in the healthcare setting, that is shown to improve safety, save cost, and increase patient satisfaction. More specifically, some studies have shown the efficacy of RTLS leading to an improved workflow in the emergency department. However, due to substantial implementation costs of such technologies, hospital administrators show reluctance in RTLS adoption. Our previous preliminary studies with RFID data in the emergency department (ED) demonstrated for the first time the quantification of ‘patient alone time' and its relationship to outcomes such as 30-day hospitalization. In this study, we use ED RTLS data to analyze patient-care team contact time (PCTCT) and its relationship to the total treatment length of stay (LOS) in ED. An observational cohort study was performed in the ED using RTLS data from Jan 17 – Sep 17, 2017, which included a total of 51,697 patients. PCTCT within the first hour of a patient's placement in a treatment bed was calculated and its relationship to treatment LOS was analyzed while controlling for confounding factors affecting treatment LOS. Results show that treatment LOS is highly correlated with the ED crowding captured by the patient-perprovider ratio, negatively correlated to the physician and resident visit frequency, and positively correlated to nurse visit frequency. The results can inform designing new guidelines for ideal patient-care team interactions and be used to determine optimal ED staffing levels and care team composition for effective care delivery.
Gallstone ileus: A case of a rolling stone

Abdominal pain is a common chief complaint and requires a broad differential diagnosis, particularly in the elderly. Certain diagnoses come to mind immediately when evaluating for causes of abdominal pain, but gallstone ileus is not always among those first considered. However, given the high mortality rate it carries, gallstone ileus should be considered in patients with obstructive symptoms, particularly those over the age of 65. The following discussion outlines a case of gallstone ileus and illustrates the classic radiographic finding, known as Rigler's triad, associated with this disease process. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, patient care, practice-based learning and improvement, and systems-based practice.
Long-term results of TPIAT

Abstract Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) has become more widely utilized in the recent years as a treatment for the pain of chronic pancreatitis and recurrent acute pancreatitis in adults and children. Along with increased utilization comes the need for preoperative counseling on the potential long-term risks and benefits, as well as increased awareness of potential long-term complications specific to TPIAT patients. In this chapter, the authors discuss what is known about long-term surgical, quality of life, functional, nutritional, metabolic, and survival outcomes after TPIAT and highlight areas of ongoing or future research.
Sex-Based Heart Transplant Outcomes After Bridging With Centrifugal Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Background Prior studies demonstrated that female sex is associated with an increased mortality after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). The impact of sex on OHT outcomes after bridging with newer-generation durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) remains unclear. Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried to study OHT recipients bridged with a newer-generation LVAD (ie, HeartMate III or HeartWare) between 2010 and 2018. The primary outcome was mortality at 30 and 90-days and 1-year. Secondary outcomes included rates of posttransplant complications. Propensity score matching and Cox multivariable analysis were used to assess comorbidity-adjusted sex differences in outcomes. Results A total of 3010 patients (76.7% male) bridged with newer-generation LVADs underwent OHT. After adjusting for relevant covariates, both age and heart failure etiology, but not sex, were independent predictors of mortality. In the matched cohorts, sex did not affect posttransplant outcomes, including renal failure, cerebrovascular events, allograft rejection, functional status, or mortality (all P > .05). Survival at 1-year after OHT was 90.5% in males and 92.8% in females (P = .058). Conclusions Among 3010 OHT recipients, matched females bridged with newer-generation HeartWare or HeartMate III LVADs have comparable posttransplant outcomes compared with males. Furthermore, survival at 1-year follow-up was not affected by sex; instead, it was driven by well-established risk factors including increased age, worse preoperative renal function, and heart failure etiology. These data suggest that considerable progress has been made in mitigating sex differences in heart failure outcomes in the modern era.
Data wrangling practices and collaborative interactions with aggregated data

Data visualization technologies are powerful tools for telling evidence-based narratives about oneself and the world. This paper contributes to the literature on data science education by examining the sociotechnical practices of data wrangling—strategies for selecting and managing large, aggregated datasets to produce a model and story. We examined the learning opportunities related to data wrangling practices by investigating youth’s talk-in-interaction while assembling models and stories about family migration using interactive data visualization tools and large socioeconomic datasets. We first identified ten sociotechnical practices that characterize youth’s interaction with tools and collaboration in data wrangling. We then suggest four categories of activities to describe patterns of learning related to the practices, including addressing missing data, understanding data aggregation, exploring social or historical events that constitute the formation of data patterns, and varying data visual encoding for storytelling. These practices and activities are important to understand for supporting future data science education opportunities that facilitate learning and discussion about scientific and socioeconomic issues. This study also sheds light on how the family migration modeling context positions the youth as having agency and authority over the data and contributes to the design of CSCL environments that tackle the challenges of data wrangling.
The Hidden Success of a Conspicuous Law: Proposition 65 and the Reduction of Toxic Chemical Exposures

Newcomers to California could be forgiven for thinking they have crossed into treacherous terrain. By virtue of the state’s Proposition 65 right-to-know law, store shelves and public garages everywhere announce, “WARNING: This [product/food/facility] contains chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer [or reproductive harm].” The proliferation of consumer warnings about toxic exposures in everyday life has made Prop 65 highly controversial, as has the degree to which the law incentivizes citizens to sue businesses for failure to warn. Both features make the law recurrently vulnerable to weakening in Sacramento and preemption in Washington, D.C. Against this backdrop—and at a time when Prop 65 faces a live preemption threat in Congress—this Article tells a new story about the law’s considerable benefits in reducing exposure to toxic chemicals. Looking beyond Prop 65’s known direct effects in prompting warnings and enforcement suits, we use original archival research and qualitative interview data to identify hidden modes by which the law reduces toxic exposures in California and nationwide. This Article presents evidence of three previously unexplored or under-explained mechanisms of salutary Prop 65 action, in: (1) spurring direct regulation of specific toxic chemicals; (2) seeding broad supplemental chemical regulatory regimes; and (3) disseminating information about toxic chemicals in previously information-poor business-to-business and consumer marketplaces, with transformative effects on commerce. We conclude that assessing these modes of action is necessary to any fair evaluation of the merits of Prop 65.
A Curtailed Procedure for Selecting Among Treatments With Two Bernoulli Endpoints

This paper is concerned with a closed adaptive sequential procedure for selecting a random-size subset containing experimental treatments that are better than a standard. All the k treatments under considerations are measured by two endpoints accounting for treatment efficacy and treatment safety respectively. The selection is made with regard to the two binary endpoints. An experimental treatment is considered to be better than the standard if its both endpoints have successful rates higher than the standard ones. We provide a step-by-step sampling rule, stopping rule, and decision rule for the proposed procedure. We show that the proposed sequential procedure achieves the same requirements for the probability of a correct selection as does the fixed-sample-size procedure, but requires fewer observations. We use simulations to evaluate the sample size savings of the proposed procedure over the corresponding fixed-sample-size procedure.
Initial Public Offerings and New Ventures

The nature of initial public offerings (IPOs) is examined, together with the benefits derived from pursuing an IPO. The typical steps involved with an IPO are summarized. Key trends surrounding IPOs are explored, including the tendency for shares to be under-priced and for the firm that goes public to subsequently under-perform. A number of avenues for further research on IPOs are suggested. Keywords: book building; initial public offering; road show; under-pricing; long-term performance; underwriter