cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion during stressful life experiences in man.

IN OTHER reports from this laboratory, evidence of changes in general metabolism and thyroid function during stressful life experiences associated with diuresis has been presented (1, 2). In order to evaluate the role of the adrenal cortex in these changes, concurrent measurement of adrenocortical function was carried out. There are few data concerning the participation of the human adrenal cortex in adaptations to stress in comparison with the wealth of data from animal experiments (3). There are reports of changes in urinary corticoid output as an indication of the level of circulating adrenal hormone following surgical trauma and burns (4, 5); but evidence based on eosinophil counts in peripheral blood has now been shown to be inadequate as an indication of the level of circulating adrenocortical hormone (6). In this study determinations of 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion in the urine, using a technique modified from Glenn and Nelson (7), have been carried out before, during and after acute stressfu...
Interfacial Bonding and Environmental Stability of Polymer Matrix Composites

Abstract Recently developed adsorption-interdiffusion (A-I) theory of adhesion is employed to isolate the (London) dispersion γi,j d and (Keesom) polar γi,j p components of the excess interfacial free energy γi,j=γi,j d+γi,j p at the fiber-matrix interface in polymer matrix composites. For adsorption bonded interfaces the theory defines a new method of mapping the surface energy effects of an immersion phase upon the Griffith fracture energy γG. The stability of interfacial bonding between graphite fiber-epoxy matrix is defined in terms of the theoretical model and experimentally evaluated by accelerated aging studies which monitor changes in fracture energy for crack propagation perpendicular to the fiber axis. Applications of the model to control fiber surface treatments and select matrix components for optimized bond strength and environmental resistance is discussed.
Improving dementia diagnosis and management in primary care: a cohort study of the impact of a training and support program on physician competency, practice patterns, and community linkages

Background Primary care physicians routinely provide dementia care, but may lack the clinical skills and awareness of available resources to provide optimal care. We conducted a community-based pilot dementia training intervention designed to both improve clinical competency and increase utilization of local dementia care services.
Principles of surgical reconstruction of the mid- and hindfoot

Fractures, ligamentous or tendinous trauma and metabolic disease are all prone to lead to secondary painful deformities and arthrosis of the mid- and hindfoot. Following fractures of the os calcis or talus, for example, normal alignment of the affected midtarsal and subtalar joint can be lost. Optimal treatment consists in re-establishing anatomical orientation of the remaining intact joints in relation to the axis of the leg and the weight bearing surface. In most cases, this can be achieved using interosseous tricortical bone block fusions secured by screw fixation. This technique allows stable re-orientation and early partial weight bearing. Three surgical approaches can be used safely alone or in combination: postero-lateral , along the heel cord for the ankle and subtalar space, lateral oblique (Ollier) for the anterior subtalar space and the calcaneo-cuboidal joint and antero-medial for the talo-navicular joint.
A multi-layer inference approach to reconstruct condition-specific genes and their regulation

An important topic in systems biology is the reverse engineering of regulatory mechanisms through reconstruction of context-dependent gene networks. A major challenge is to identify the genes and the regulations specific to a condition or phenotype, given that regulatory processes are highly connected such that a specific response is typically accompanied by numerous collateral effects. In this study, we design a multi-layer approach that is able to reconstruct condition-specific genes and their regulation through an integrative analysis of large-scale information of gene expression, protein interaction and transcriptional regulation (transcription factor-target gene relationships). We establish the accuracy of our methodology against synthetic datasets, as well as a yeast dataset. We then extend the framework to the application of higher eukaryotic systems, including human breast cancer and Arabidopsis thaliana cold acclimation. Our study identified TACSTD2 (TROP2) as a target gene for human breast cancer and discovered its regulation by transcription factors CREB, as well as NFkB. We also predict KIF2C is a target gene for ER-/HER2-breast cancer and is positively regulated by E2F1. The predictions were further confirmed through experimental studies. Availability: The implementation and detailed protocol of the layer approach is available at http://www.egr.msu.edu/changroup/Protocols/Three-layer%20approach%20to%20reconstruct%20condition.html. Contact: krischan@egr.msu.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MoodScope: building a mood sensor from smartphone usage patterns

We report a first-of-its-kind smartphone software system, MoodScope, which infers the mood of its user based on how the smartphone is used. Compared to smartphone sensors that measure acceleration, light, and other physical properties, MoodScope is a "sensor" that measures the mental state of the user and provides mood as an important input to context-aware computing. We run a formative statistical mood study with smartphone-logged data collected from 32 participants over two months. Through the study, we find that by analyzing communication history and application usage patterns, we can statistically infer a user's daily mood average with an initial accuracy of 66%, which gradu-ally improves to an accuracy of 93% after a two-month personal-ized training period. Motivated by these results, we build a service, MoodScope, which analyzes usage history to act as a sensor of the user's mood. We provide a MoodScope API for developers to use our system to create mood-enabled applications. We further create and deploy a mood-sharing social application.
Electromagnetic excitation of a wire through an aperture-perforated conducting screen

Integro-differential equations are formulated for the general problem of a finite-length wire excited through an arbitrarily shaped aperture in a conducting screen. The wire is assumed to be electrically thin and perfectly conducting, and it is arbitrarily oriented behind the perfectly conducting screen of infinite extent. A known, specified incident field illuminates the perforated-screen/wire structure. The integro-differential equations fully account for the coupling between the wire and the aperture/screen. They are specialized to the case of the wire parallel to the screen with the aperture a narrow slot of general length. These special equations are solved numerically and data are presented for wire currents and aperture fields under selected conditions of wire/slot lengths and orientation. Data indicative of the coupling between the wire and slot are presented.
Genetic simulation tools for post-genome wide association studies of complex diseases

Genetic simulation programs are used to model data under specified assumptions to facilitate the understanding and study of complex genetic systems. Standardized data sets generated using genetic simulation are essential for the development and application of novel analytical tools in genetic epidemiology studies. With continuing advances in high-throughput genomic technologies and generation and analysis of larger, more complex data sets, there is a need for updating current approaches in genetic simulation modeling. To provide a forum to address current and emerging challenges in this area, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored a workshop, entitled "Genetic Simulation Tools for Post-Genome Wide Association Studies of Complex Diseases" at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland on March 11-12, 2014. The goals of the workshop were to (1) identify opportunities, challenges, and resource needs for the development and application of genetic simulation models; (2) improve the integration of tools for modeling and analysis of simulated data; and (3) foster collaborations to facilitate development and applications of genetic simulation. During the course of the meeting, the group identified challenges and opportunities for the science of simulation, software and methods development, and collaboration. This paper summarizes key discussions at the meeting, and highlights important challenges and opportunities to advance the field of genetic simulation.
Older adults' spiritual needs in health care settings: A qualitative meta-synthesis

Recognizing that spiritual needs often emerge in health care settings, the Joint Commission requires spiritual assessments in numerous organizations frequented by older adults. Given that many gerontological practitioners have received little training in identifying spiritual needs, a qualitative meta-synthesis (N = 9 studies) was conducted to identify and describe older adults’ perceptions of their spiritual needs in health care settings. Five interrelated categories emerged: (a) spiritual practices; (b) relationship with God; (c) hope, meaning, and purpose; (d) interpersonal connection; and (e) professional staff interactions. The implications of the findings are discussed as they inform the spiritual assessment process.
Synthesis of musical tones based on the Karhunen-Loeve transform

A musical tone synthesis technique based on the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transform is introduced. Currently, most additive synthesis methods are based on a truncated Fourier series representation. The computational load has been reduced considerably, compared to that of Fourier-based additive synthesis, by replacing the sinusoids with a smaller set of basis functions derived from KL statistical techniques. Algorithms are developed for the analysis of tones, yielding the basis functions and synthesis parameters. Energy compression in the KL basis functions is enhanced by a classification procedure applied to the tones to be synthesized. A high level of natural quality is achieved in tones synthesized with this method. >
Residual Stress in CVD-grown 3C-SiC Films on Si Substrates

Having superior mechanical properties, 3C-SiC is one of the target materials for power MEMS applications. Growing 3C-SiC films on Si is challenging, as there is a large mismatch in lattice parameter and thermal expansion between the SiC film and the Si substrate that needs to be accommodated, and results in high residual stress. Residual stress control is critical in MEMS devices as upon feature release it results in substantial deformation. 3C-SiC single crystalline films were deposited on 50 mm (100) and (111) Si substrates in a hot-wall CVD reactor. The film tensile residual stress was so high that it fractured on the (111) Si wafer. The resulting film thickness on the (100) Si wafer was non-uniform, having a linear profile along the growth direction. This presented a challenge of using the substrate curvature method for calculating residual stress. Finite Element Method correction was applied to the Stoney’s formula for calculating the residual stress along the wafer radius. Suggestions for reducing the amount of residual stress are made.
Modulation of Kv3 potassium channels expressed in CHO cells by a nitric oxide-activated phosphatase.

1 Voltage-gated K+ channels containing Kv3 subunits play specific roles in the repolarization of action potentials. Kv3 channels are expressed in selective populations of CNS neurons and are thought to be important in facilitating sustained and/or repetitive high frequency firing. Regulation of the activity of Kv3 channels by neurotransmitters could have profound effects on the repetitive firing characteristics of those neurons. 2 Kv3 channels are found in several neuronal populations in the CNS that express nitric oxide synthases (NOSs). We therefore investigated whether Kv3 channels are modulated by the signalling gas nitric oxide (NO). 3 We found that Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 currents are potentially suppressed by D-NONOate and other NO donors. The effects of NO on these currents are mediated by the activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC), since they are prevented by Methylene Blue, an inhibitor of GC, and by ODQ, a specific inhibitor of the soluble form of GC. Moreover, application of 8-Br-cGMP, a permeant analogue of cGMP, also blocked Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 currents. 4 KT5283, a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) blocker, prevented the inhibition of Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 currents by D-NONOate and 8-Br-cGMP. This indicates that activation of PKG as a result of the increase in intracellular cGMP levels produced by D-NONOate or 8-Br-cGMP is necessary for channel block. 5 Although the effects of NO on Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 channels require PKG activity, two observations suggest that they are not mediated by phosphorylation of channel proteins: (a) the reagents affect both Kv3.2 and Kv3.1 channels, although only Kv3.2 proteins have a putative PKA-PKG phosphorylation site, and (b) mutation of the PKA-PKG phosphorylation site in Kv3.2 does not interfere with the effects of NO or cGMP. 6 The inhibitory effects of NO and cGMP on Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 currents appear to be mediated by the activation of serine-threonine phosphatase, since they are blocked by low doses of okadaic acid. Furthermore, direct intracellular application of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A inhibited Kv3.2 currents, indicating that activity of PKG-induced phosphatase is necessary and sufficient to inhibit these channels. 7 The results suggest that basal phosphorylation of Kv3 channel proteins is required for proper channel function. Activation of phosphatases via NO or other signals that increase cGMP might be a potent mechanism to regulate Kv3 channel activity in neurons.
From the President: Productive Engagement in Salary Equity

Former American Library Association President Maurice Freedman launched a campaign of awareness and action during his 2002-2003 tenure. He appointed the Better Salaries and Pay Equity Task Force which published a helpful resource, Advocating for Better Salaries and Pay Equity Toolkit (2003). The task force’s pay equity advocacy program is founded on the reality of a predominately female workforce which is less well paid than those in fields of comparable work dominated by males. Simply defined, pay equity means that all people receive equal pay for work regardless of race or gender. Salaries of librarians regrettably lag behind those of other professions. In 2002, the average estimated salary of librarians was $44,430, according to the U.S. Department of Labor National Occupational Employment and Wages Survey. Pertaining to type of library, the following salaries were posted:
Semiparametric Identification of Human Arm Dynamics for Flexible Control of a Functional Electrical Stimulation Neuroprosthesis

We present a method to identify the dynamics of a human arm controlled by an implanted functional electrical stimulation neuroprosthesis. The method uses Gaussian process regression to predict shoulder and elbow torques given the shoulder and elbow joint positions and velocities and the electrical stimulation inputs to muscles. We compare the accuracy of torque predictions of nonparametric, semiparametric, and parametric model types. The most accurate of the three model types is a semiparametric Gaussian process model that combines the flexibility of a black box function approximator with the generalization power of a parameterized model. The semiparametric model predicted torques during stimulation of multiple muscles with errors less than 20% of the total muscle torque and passive torque needed to drive the arm. The identified model allows us to define an arbitrary reaching trajectory and approximately determine the muscle stimulations required to drive the arm along that trajectory.
MRO:SHARAD Observation Planning: A Geospatial Edge

The SHARAD instrument on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) must operate within constraints from the spacecraft, other instruments, and its own observational modes. These constraints limit our observations in both time and space, and can be difficult to track and resolve. This paper outlines how a system of geospatial databases are used to store ground-track geometry and constraints to create a an observational timeline that is free of conflicts. The geodatabase system greatly simplies observation selections. Observations can be selected over arbitrary coordinates, or derived by the geometric overlap union of ground tracks and target boxes. Coordinated observations can also be resolved using this system in cases of ride-alongs and special observation opportunities. Additionally, these geospatial databases drive an observation visualization system. This system creates a map of the topography of Mars under the targets requested by the science team planners. Such visualizations help ensure that observations are on target and to specication. Lastly, the geodatabase system is used to close the loop and track observations that are successfully acquired. This enables mission assurance queries regarding our achieved coverage density and the invaluable ability to lter and visualize mission level coverage on a map.
Antireflux Surgery and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Surgical fundoplication, the recreation of the lower esophageal sphincter mechanism by wrapping the fundus of the stomach around the gastroesophageal junction, is a well-established treatment option in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. By decreasing the incidence of both acid and non-acid reflux, fundoplication results in a measureable decrease in symptoms and additional sequela of gastric reflux. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), a compliment of symptoms, resulting from the reflux of gastric contents into the larynx and pharynx, may also benefit from fundoplication. This review of the recent literature will explore the indications, benefits, and response of LPR to surgical fundoplication. Additionally, the use of novel endoscopic techniques for fundoplication will be reviewed.
Hexagonal boron nitride and water interaction parameters

The study of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in microfluidic and nanofluidic applications at the atomic level requires accurate force field parameters to describe the water-hBN interaction. In this work, we begin with benchmark quality first principles quantum Monte Carlo calculations on the interaction energy between water and hBN, which are used to validate random phase approximation (RPA) calculations. We then proceed with RPA to derive force field parameters, which are used to simulate water contact angle on bulk hBN, attaining a value within the experimental uncertainties. This paper demonstrates that end-to-end multiscale modeling, starting at detailed many-body quantum mechanics and ending with macroscopic properties, with the approximations controlled along the way, is feasible for these systems.
Investigation and Analysis on Radiation Dosage of Patients Treated by Head Intervention Therapy

[Objective]The values of dose area product(DAP) and cumulative dose(CD) of reference point measured by Area Exposure Product Meter dosimeter system equipped with DSA were adopted,the effective dose(ED) and entrance surface dose(ESD) of patients were estimated with Monte Carlo conversion coefficient,the common dosimetric parameters of patients treated with head intervention therapy were measured,and the reference level of interventional diagnosis was investigated.[Methods]The data processing was conducted with SPSS v13.0,and the method was performed according to the ICRP Publication 103,the Inspection Criterion for Image Quality Control of Medical X-ray Diagnostic Equipment(WS/T 189-1999) and its appendix.[Results] 75th percentile of DAP on therapy for cerebrovascular diseases,encephalon angiography and cerebral thrombosis therapy was 124.9 Gy·cm2,123.4 Gy·cm2 and 185.3 Gy·cm2 respectively.ED over 10 mSv in a single operation accounted for 36.3%,49.3% and 55.0% of different groups,respectively.The exceeding standard rate of ESDR was 1.9%,1.4% and 10.0% respectively.[Conclusion] 75th percentile of DAP could be regarded as the diagnostic reference level(DRL) in medical radioactive intervention.In order to define the DRL in some areas or some specific operations,it is necessary to collect mass data of investigation and carry out the verification of dosimetric model.
Detecting urban destruction in Syria: A Landsat-based approach

Abstract The Syria conflict is characterized by ongoing human rights violations, a disregard for international law, and little fear of accountability. The Syrian government has repeatedly violated international law by employing punitive barrel-bomb and missile attacks and demolitions of neighborhoods accused of supporting opposition forces. Documentation efforts using high-resolution satellites have fallen short in this widespread and long-running conflict, providing poor precision for when attacks take place and reducing their evidential strength in International Courts. By capitalizing on the Landsat constellation's systematic observations and historic archive, we present an approach that examines affected areas as little as every eight days to identify when urban buildings are destroyed. Using a pre-conflict baseline of six years, we model the daily expected surface reflectance for every urban pixel in Aleppo and Damascus and compare pixels recorded during the first year of the conflict with this expected value. Leveraging high-resolution satellite documentation efforts, we create a composite band sensitive to urban destruction. This approach is accurate within 74% of the ground-reference dataset, providing the international community way forward to monitor and document urban destruction in arid environments.
Analyzing on large-scale wind generator trip caused by power grid current asymmetry

With the expansion of wind farms, it has become an urgent need to solve the problem of studying interaction between wind farm grids and power systems. The asynchronous double-fed wind power generation was studied, focusing on wind power grid and power grid connection and measuring power quality data. The large-scale wind generator trip was analyzed in the wind farm M in Gansu, which caused by power grid current asymmetry. The practice shows that the trip of large-scale wind generators can be solved by adjusting the parameters of wind power generation and the converter to ensure the wind farm security and stability operations.
Venous thromboembolism in the orthopedic patient.

Venous thrombosis is the most common complication after surgery or trauma to the lower extremities in adults and the most common fatal complication of orthopedic surgery. The authors describe the pathophysiology of this disease in orthopedic patients and discuss its diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment.
Promoting Fitness and Safety in Elementary Students: A Randomized Control Study of the Michigan Model for Health.

BACKGROUND: In elementary grades, comprehensive health education curricula have demonstrated effectiveness in addressing singular health issues. The Michigan Model for Health (MMH) was implemented and evaluated to determine its impact on nutrition, physical fitness, and safety knowledge and skills. METHODS: Schools (N = 52) were randomly assigned to intervention and control conditions. Participants received MMH with 24 lessons in grade 4 and 28 more lessons in grade 5 including material focusing on nutrition, physical fitness, and safety attitudes and skills. The 40-minute lessons were taught by the classroom teacher who received curriculum training and provided feedback on implementation fidelity. Self-report survey data were collected from the fourth-grade students (N = 1983) prior to the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 6 weeks after the intervention, with the same data collection schedule repeated in fifth grade. Analysis of the scales was conducted using a mixed-model approach. RESULTS: Students who received the curriculum had better nutrition, physical activity, and safety skills than the control-group students. Intervention students also reported higher consumption of fruits; however, no difference was reported for other types of food consumption. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of the MMH in promoting fitness and safety supports the call for integrated strategies that begin in elementary grades, target multiple risk behaviors, and result in practical and financial benefits to schools.© 2016, American School Health Association. Language: en
Cortical Audiometry: Test Problems and Sources of Error

(1969). Cortical Audiometry: Test Problems and Sources of Error. International Audiology: Vol. 8, No. 2-3, pp. 337-344.
Hello Packet Interval Effects on the Overall Network Performance of a Wireless Network after Next (WNaN) Radio Network

The Wireless Network after Next (WNaN) radio is a multi-transceiver multi-frequency mobile ad-hoc network system that features four independent frequency agile transceivers and uses a variation of Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). Utilizing WNaN's multiple transceivers, dynamic frequency assignment algorithm, and varying the hello packet interval can help alleviate the increased number of collisions due to the presence of an advantaged node such as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Validation experiments in the field were completed to show that WNaN's features can be exploited to increase the packet delivery ratio and decrease the average packet delay when an advantaged node is present.
Structured Abstract: The Influence of Dual Branding Information on Consumer Evaluations

Retailers increasingly utilize private label branding strategy in an effort to simultaneously increase store loyalty and compete with national brands (Ailawadi and Keller 2004; Nies and Natter 2012). Previous research suggests consumers are not only receptive to the notion of private label consumption but in many cases prefer retailer brands over their premium brand competitors (Neilsen 2011; Thomassen et al. 2006). From a supply perspective, many national brand manufacturers, or “dual branders” (ter Braak et al. 2013: 87), produce private label brands to optimize outcomes from the channel relationship (Chen et al. 2010; Kumar et al. 2010). Dual branders do not volunteer this information to prevent loss of the national brand market share due to narrowing gaps between quality perceptions of premiums and private labels (Sethuraman and Raju 2012; Steenkamp et al. 2010). Consequently, consumers are often only able to rely on superficial signals (e.g., packaging or price) to evaluate the origins and quality of private-label products. However, consumers can be inadvertently exposed to dual branding knowledge through other communications such as a manufacturer’s announced product recall or word-of-mouth from others. Thus it is important for marketing researchers to understand how consumers react to the knowledge that two differently priced, competing brands are sourced by the same manufacturer. In response, this research examines the influence of dual branding on customers’ respective brand evaluations through the mechanism of their comparative quality perceptions. Results of the analyses suggest that exposure to dual branding does influence consumers’ comparative quality perceptions between competing private and premium brands, which in turn significantly impacts respective brand evaluations. Specifically, comparative quality perceptions facilitate the indirect effects of dual branding information, which positively (negatively) influences private (national) label evaluations.
Cytokine–Cytokine Cross Talk and Cell-Death Decisions

Cells often face life or death decisions in response to conflicting extracellular cytokine cues. A full understanding of how this information is encoded has implications for normal development and function of organ systems and also for pathologies where cues are not processed properly. In this chapter, we discuss how life–death decisions are influenced by signaling from pro-survival receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and pro-death tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family receptors. Intracellular cross talk between these antagonistic receptors is incredibly complex, and our understanding could be improved by systems biology thinking and approaches. We describe key systems-level features of RTK and TNF-family receptor signaling and how points of cross talk may mediate the decision to live or die.
P8 Changes in cortical activity relates to changes in balance following 4-weeks of balance training in chronic ankle instability patients

Study Design Time-series. Objectives To examine relationships of electroencephalographic(EEG) measures of sensorimotor control and balance outcomes in response to 4 weeks of balance training in chronic ankle instability(CAI) patients. Background Balance training is a common therapeutic intervention for CAI patients, often resulting in improvements in clinician-oriented balance measures. The mechanisms of these improvements are currently unknown in CAI patients, however, cortical activity has not yet been measured in CAI patients during motor tasks. EEG can be used to capture coordination of cortical activity during motor tasks, and how it changes as a result of balance training. Methods and Measures 8 CAI patients completed a 4 week balance training protocol(BTP). Balance, measured by the Star Excursion Balance Test(SEBT) and EEG were collected at baseline and after completing the BTP. Cortical activity was measuring using EEG during a dual-to-single limb transition(DSLT) and was quantified using event-related spectral perturbations(ERSP), calculating the change in the power of a signal with respect to the DSLT. ERSP was calculated in the Alpha(8–12 Hz) and Beta(14–25 Hz) bandwidths in the 250 ms prior to and 250 ms following the DSLT(AlphaPre, AlphaPost, BetaPre, BetaPost). Increases in ERSP are indicative of more coordinated activity, whereas decreases indicate more widespread activation of the cerebral cortex. Change scores (posttest-baseline) in EEG and SEBT measures were analysed using Pearson product moment correlations at an alpha of 0.10. Results A moderate positive relationship was identified between the change in Alpha ERSP and SEBT in the posteromedial direction(p=0.045). Moderate positive correlations were identified between the change in Beta ERSP and SEBT in the anterior(p=0.071), posteromedial(p=0.049), and posterolateral(p=0.076) directions. Conclusion The positive relationships identified suggest that patients with greater improvements in dynamic balance have an increased coordination of cortical activity following balance training. Further research is needed to clarify the direction of these results and their functional and clinical significance.
Intensive Outpatient Program Effects on High-need Patients' Access, Continuity, Coordination, and Engagement.

Objective:The intensive and varied services required by high-need patients have inspired a number of new care delivery models; however, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed. This study evaluated whether augmenting a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) with intensive outpatient management enhanc
Storytelling and simulation creation

When learning to create simulations, we rely on real systems to emphasize their importance on reality. However, for younger students, reliance on reality is not always engaging. Reality provides context, but students' interest quickly fades. Through the use of four case studies, we explore the idea of having students create stories in order to engage them in learning to create simulations. Applying a narrative/story context provides a mechanism for learning and maintaining student engagement. Stories can be based on original/existing games, movies, or other sources rich in narrative. Our approach includes four components: create a game/story narrative; discuss, evaluate, and expand the narrative; implement the narrative into an animated storyboard; and implement the narrative into a simulation. Lastly, we briefly discuss the utilization of sounds on both the animated storyboard and the simulation. Future work will empirically explore the effectiveness of narrative storytelling for learning simulation creation.
Lactation and calf weight traits of mature crossbred cows fed varying daily levels of metabolizable energy.

Our objective was to evaluate differ- ences in lactation traits and calf weights produced by F1 cows under varying daily metabolizable energy avail- ability. Measures of milk yields and calf weight traits were recorded on mature F1 cows. The cows were pro- duced from matings of Angus or Hereford dams with sires representing Angus/Hereford, Shorthorn, Gallo- way, Longhorn, Nellore, and Salers breeds. The cows' daily DM intakes of a diet composed of a corn silage or alfalfa silage plus corn silage were recorded from approximately 2 wk postpartum until the calves were weaned at an average age of 170 d. Milk yield measure- ments were recorded when the calves were approxi- mately 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, and 168 d of age. Sources of variation considered for the traits of interest included sire breed of the cow (SBC) and the covariates weaning age of the calf and daily metabolizable energy intake (DMEI) of the cow for lactation and calf weights. The linear and quadratic effects were evaluated for DMEI. The SBC × DMEI (linear) interaction was significant
Interventions aimed at changing impulsive choice in rats: Effects of immediate and relatively long delay to reward training.

Abstract A relatively strong preference for smaller-sooner rewards (SSR) over larger-later rewards (LLR) is associated with a host of maladaptive behavioral patterns. As such, the clinical implications for increasing preference for LLR are profound. There is a growing body of literature that suggests extended exposure to delayed reward may increase preference for LLR in rats. However, questions remain about the underlying mechanism driving this effect and the extent to which extended exposure to immediate rewards may decrease LLR choice. In Experiment 1, we tested effects of a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates schedule (DRL) to increase LLR choice using a pretest/posttest design with Wistar rats as subjects. We compared this group to a group of rats exposed to a differential-reinforcement-of-high-rates schedule (DRH). The DRH intervention has never been employed in this research context, but explicitly programs an immediate response-reinforcement requirement. In Experiment 2, we tested effects of an intervention with a delay longer than those used in the delay discounting pretest and posttest. No previous research has tested effects of an intervention delay this long, relative to the delay discounting task. We compared this group to a group exposed to a delay that was part of the delay discounting pretest and posttest and to a group exposed to a traditional no-delay, fixed-ratio (FR) 2 control intervention. In both experiments, we found that exposure to delayed rewards in the intervention phase significantly increased LLR choice relative to pretest performance. These findings replicate and extend a growing body of literature showing that delay exposure increases preference for LLR. We also found significant decreases in LLR choice from pretest to posttest in the DRH and no-delay intervention groups in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. This is the first report of such an effect and has implications for understanding and interpreting effects of delay exposure training in past and future research. Our results also suggested no relationship between improved temporal tracking of reward and increases in LLR choice as a result of delay exposure training.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Leading-Edge Tubercles on Propeller Performance

The propeller is a fundamental part of an aircraft powered by the turboprops, piston engines, or electric motors. A propeller that spins efficiently through air directly results in environmentally ...
Assessing capacity to social distance and neighborhood-level health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has yielded disproportionate impacts on communities of color in New York City (NYC). Researchers have noted that social disadvantage may result in limited capacity to socially distance, and consequent disparities. Here, we investigate the role of neighborhood social disadvantage on the ability to socially distance, infections, and mortality. We combine Census Bureau and NYC open data with SARS-CoV-2 testing data using supervised dimensionality-reduction with Bayesian Weighted Quantile Sums regression. The result is a ZIP code-level index with relative weights for social factors facilitating infection risk. We find a positive association between neighborhood social disadvantage and infections, adjusting for the number of tests administered. Neighborhood infection risk is also associated with capacity to socially isolate, as measured by NYC subway data. Finally, infection risk is associated with COVID-19-related mortality. These analyses support that differences in capacity to socially isolate is a credible pathway between disadvantage and COVID-19 disparities.
A Qualitative Research Study of Counseling Students’ Journeys through Internship Using Photovoice

Photovoice is a participatory action research methodology used widely in public health and in a limited way in counselor education and counseling. Counselors-in-training (CIT) were invited to parti...
Two single-reference approaches to singlet biradicaloid problems: Complex, restricted orbitals and approximate spin-projection combined with regularized orbital-optimized Møller-Plesset perturbation theory.

We present a comprehensive study of two single-reference approaches to singlet biradicaloids. These two approaches are based on the recently developed regularized orbital-optimized Moller-Plesset method (κ-OOMP2). The first approach is to combine Yamaguchi's approximate projection (AP) scheme and κ-OOMP2 with unrestricted (U) orbitals (κ-UOOMP2). By capturing only essential symmetry breaking, κ-UOOMP2 can serve as a suitable basis for AP. The second approach is κ-OOMP2 with complex, restricted (cR) orbitals (κ-cROOMP2). Although its applicability is more limited due to the comparative rarity of cR solutions, κ-cROOMP2 offers a simple framework for describing singlet biradicaloids with complex polarization while removing artificial spatial symmetry breaking. We compare the scope of these two methods with numerical studies. We show that AP+κ-UOOMP2 and κ-cROOMP2 can perform similarly well in the TS12 set, a dataset that includes 12 data points for triplet-singlet gaps of several atoms and diatomic molecules with a triplet ground state. This was also found to be true for the barrier height of a reaction involving attack on a cysteine ion by a singlet oxygen molecule. However, we also demonstrate that in highly symmetric systems like C30 (D5h), κ-cROOMP2 is more suitable as it conserves spatial symmetry. Finally, we present an organic biradicaloid that does not have a κ-cROOMP2 solution in which case only AP+κ-UOOMP2 is applicable. We recommend κ-cROOMP2 whenever complex polarization is essential and AP+κ-UOOMP2 for biradicaloids without essential complex polarization but with essential spin-polarization.
Multilane Automated Driving With Optimal Control and Mixed-Integer Programming

Road vehicle lane changes often initiate traffic disturbances and can therefore impact road networks’ energy and time efficiency. Furthermore, unexpected changes in traffic conditions may also render lane changes counterproductive for the lane-changing vehicle. Vehicle-to-vehicle connectivity combined with anticipative control could address these challenges via improved lane change decisions by automated vehicles. In a move toward this objective, receding horizon control cast as a mixed-integer quadratic program is used to plan lane changing and acceleration in a coupled optimization. A long-term pacing module, based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle from optimal control theory, sets terminal and input references for receding horizon control to target a user’s expected travel time. To remove nonlinear vehicle dynamics from the receding horizon controller, lane change commands are passed to a pure pursuit steering module whose response is approximated by a second-order linear model. Comparison against a rule-based reactive algorithm in arterial and highway scenarios shows an 8.9%–13.7% reduction in energy consumption and a 5.2%–10.3% reduction in the travel time, along with navigational improvements.
Noise Measurement and Removal for Data Streaming Algorithms with Network Applications

Data streaming has multiple applications on the Internet including traffic measurement and intrusion detection. The bedrock underlying these applications is a set of data streaming algorithms that extract useful information from network packet stream, estimate the needed statistics such as the frequencies of TCP flows, and feed them to application software. Among such algorithms, counting sketches are most prevalent, which are very compact but do so at the cost of errors in their estimations. The dominant error-control method that has been widely accepted for more than a decade is to take the min error from multiple independent estimations. This method produces a positively-biased error and the error can grow large under stringent performance and resource conditions, but no existing work makes an intensive study of this error. This paper investigates the property of the error, which is also known as noise, and claims that it can be measured and removed so as to make the estimations unbiased. We introduce two new ideas, d-smallest noise and artificial data items for measuring the noise. Based on these two ideas, we propose four noise measurement methods. The mathematical analysis and experimental results based on real network traces show that by removing the measured noise, the error of estimations will be reduced to a much lower level than what the state of the art can do.
The Polychaete Fauna of the Galápagos Islands

In general, the polychaete fauna of the Galapagos Islands is poorly known. In summarizing the species that have been recorded from the islands since the middle of the nineteenth century several facts are obvious. First, collections have mostly been random or concentrated in special habitats or substrata. Second, most papers that have described species of polychaetes from the Galapagos Islands have done so without any effort to synthesize or interpret the records with available biogeographic data. Third, based upon a review of the available records, a misleading picture of the fauna emerges because families that contain numerous species on other coastlines, have rarely been recorded from the Galapagos. The lack of records of these families suggests that some habitats have not been adequately sampled.
Mercury: Evidence for anorthosite and basalt from mid-infrared (7.3-13.5 micrometers) spectroscopy

Spectroscopic observations (7.3-13.5 micrometers) of three locations on the surface of Mercury are reported. The observed spectral radiance emanated from equatorial and low altitude regions between 12 and 32 deg mercurian longitude on 8 December 1990, from the longitudinal region 22-44 deg on 10 December 1990, and from the longitudinal region 110-130 deg on 12 July 1992; all locations are primarily intercrater plains. Spectra indicate compositional differences among these three locations. The emissivity maximum, or Christiansen emission peak, occurs at 8.1 micrometers in the 8 December 1990 spectra, but at shorter wavelengths in the data of 10 December 1990 and 12 July 1992. Emission peaks near 8 micrometers indicate rocks of intermediate or mafic composition. Spectra from 22 to 44 deg longitude resemble spectra of terrestrial basalt and diorite with SiO2 content between 49 and 55%. The Christiansen feature in spectra from near 110-130 deg longitude strongly suggests the presence of plagioclase, in particular labradorite, while the overall spectrum resembles anorthosite. The spectra from all three locations on Mercury show distinct and recognizable features, the principal Christiansen emission peak being the most prominent, but they also contain features that we have not yet identified. The general indication from the spectra is that Mercury's surface consists of minerals more depleted in oxidized iron than those on the Moon. We also explore the theoretical and observational complexities of ground-based mid-infrared spectroscopy of airless bodies in general and Mercury in particular. A spectroscopic study of quartzite in both reflectance and emittance illustrates the practical, spectral validity of Kirchhoff's law.
Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Cancer Therapy

The sections in this article are Introduction Cancer Conventional Cancer Chemotherapy versus Nanocarrier-Mediated Drug Delivery Challenges with Chemical Compounds as Therapeutic Agents Advantages of Nanocarriers as Drug-Delivery Vehicles Carbon Nanotubes as Drug-Delivery Vehicles Cellular Uptake of CNTs Functionalization of CNTs with Polyethylene Glycol Targeting of Cancers Passive Targeting Active Targeting Trafficking of Targeted Drug-Delivery Vehicles Targeted Cancer Therapy Employing CNTs and a Critique of Current Studies erbB Family Members Folate Receptor α Biotin Receptor Integrins Markers for Lymphomas or Leukemias Disialoganglioside (GD2) Summary and Future Perspective Acknowledgments Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; single-walled carbon nanotubes; multi-walled carbon nanotubes; cancer; targeting; PEGylation; drug delivery
Free and Membrane-bound Ribosomes in Rat Liver

Abstract Ribosomes in rat liver are present either free or attached to endoplasmic reticulum and in both states exist largely as polyribosomal aggregates. The present communication presents a quantitative study of the distribution of ribosomes between these two states and examines a number of properties of these two groups of ribosomes. It is shown that the base composition and the rate of synthesis of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid of free and membrane-bound ribosomes are the same, and these tindings, along with the results of previous studies of other properties, are consistent with the possibility that there are no intrinsic differences between the ribosomes found in these two states. Since certain conditions are known to produce alterations in the distribution of free and membrane-bound ribosomes which are rapid with respect to the turnover time of ribosomal RNA, it is further suggested that a given ribosome can exist in either state according to the needs of the cell. Although the administration of hydrocortisone in vivo induces acute rises in the levels of certain specific liver enzymes within a few hours, it has no marked effect upon the ratio of free to membrane-bound ribosomes during this period. The ribosomal aggregates obtained by the methods used here are shown to be sufficiently pure to permit the use of ultraviolet absorption as a direct measure of their concentration without applying a correction for ferritin absorption. Homogenization and zone centrifugation do not produce significant artifacts in the determination of the proportions of free and membrane-bound ribosomes.
Thermodynamic Functions in High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Saccharides

High performance liquid chromatography of aldohexoses, the corresponding 6-deoxy derivatives, and several malto-oligosaccharides has been examined with a Hitachi #3013-N column, and with aqueous CH3CN eluents, at various temperatures. It has been shown that when the concentration of CH3CN in the eluent is higher than 30%, the system works as a partition chromatography, whereas with pure phosphate buffer eluent (H2O) it works as a gel filtration column. Some of the values of the free energy ΔG°and enthalpy ΔH°, assignable to the glucose residue and the 6-OH group in some particular states have been estimated. A possible use of such thermodynamic functions in medicinal chemistry is suggested.