cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of the endogeic earthworm Aporrectodea tuberculata on aggregation and carbon redistribution in uninvaded forest soil columns

Abstract The long-term impact of earthworm presence on soil carbon (C) dynamics of previously uninhabited northeastern forests is still largely unknown. Currently, earthworm presence is understood to both enhance soil respiration and create stable microaggregates, processes assumed to have conflicting effects on long term C storage. To date, studies investigating earthworm-created microaggregates and occluded C have rarely been done in undisturbed forest soils. A paired mesocosm study (n = 5) was conducted investigating the impact of the endogeic earthworm species Aporrectodea tuberculata on the physical proportion of microaggregates and the associated mineral soil C of a minimally disturbed forest soil. Pairs analyzed after 4 weeks of incubation demonstrated no significant aggregate effects. At 4 months, paired cores with earthworms (WW) showed a 67% increase in large macroaggregates (>2000 μm diameter, lgMA), compared to cores without earthworms (NW). While distribution shifted among various microaggregate pools (free and occluded within macroaggregates), the net proportion of microaggregates in the soil (dry weight basis) was unaltered. After 4 months, the mineral soil of WW cores had an average of 60% more C than the NW cores due to the relocation of the forest floor. The C associated with the microaggregate fractions increased an average of 56%. Of this increase in C, 95% was accounted for by the microaggregates occluded within the lgMA fraction, a fraction that was almost 4 times greater in the WW cores. Over 50% of the C relocated into the mineral soil was associated with the physically protected microaggregate fractions, indicating that though this species of earthworm did not alter the proportion of microaggregates in these soils, they occluded a substantial proportion of C within those physical fractions. In this particular forest soil, the actions of Aporrectodea tuberculata increased the physically protected C pool through microaggregate restructuring and C enrichment.
Miracles Can Happen

A theoretical school of transcendence, as conceived by participants in a graduate course taught by myself on the topic of transcendence in teacher learner relationships is analyzed herein. Transcendent teacher learner relationships are spontaneously occurring ones in which teacher and learner transcend, or go beyond, their traditional interactive roles.
David Foster Wallace's OCTET and the ATTHAKAVAGGA

One of David Foster Wallace's most oft-interpreted stories, “Octet” (1999), has been read as “the book's ironic meta-explanation of its own postmetafictional strategy” (Boswell 185), as an example ...
Critical rhetorics of controversy

This is an electronic version of an article published in Western Journal of Communication 63.4 (1999): 526-538. Western Journal of Communication is available online at: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/.
A Patient-Centered Radiology Quality Process Map: Opportunities and Solutions

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review the tools and opportunities available for patient-centered care in radiology and to create a quality patient-centered care process map to organize them for radiology practices. CONCLUSION. This article provides a review of the many opportunities to increase and improve patient-centered care in radiology. A process map that organizes and highlights key elements of patient-centered care throughout the radiology care process is provided that can be implemented to enhance the patient experience of our services and improve the quality of care provided.
Regulation of neuronal axon specification by glia-neuron gap junctions in C. elegans

Axon specification is a critical step in neuronal development, and the function of glial cells in this process is not fully understood. Here, we show that C. elegans GLR glial cells regulate axon specification of their nearby GABAergic RME neurons through GLR-RME gap junctions. Disruption of GLR-RME gap junctions causes misaccumulation of axonal markers in non-axonal neurites of RME neurons and converts microtubules in those neurites to form an axon-like assembly. We further uncover that GLR-RME gap junctions regulate RME axon specification through activation of the CDK-5 pathway in a calcium-dependent manner, involving a calpain clp-4. Therefore, our study reveals the function of glia-neuron gap junctions in neuronal axon specification and shows that calcium originated from glial cells can regulate neuronal intracellular pathways through gap junctions.
Rapid Prototyping Technologies

In this chapter, an overview of additive manufacturing and the major 3D printing technologies is presented. The technologies covered include FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling), ColorJet (powder-inkjet based), SLS (Selective Laser Sintering), SLA (Stereolithography), DLP-SLA, and MultiJet/PolyJet (photopolymer-inkjet based). A technical overview, material options, costs, benefits and limitations are presented for each, followed by considerations for deciding on which printer to utilize for various applications in cardiac disease modeling.
A hybrid simulation technique for electrothermal studies of two-dimensional GaN-on-SiC high electron mobility transistors

In this work, a hybrid simulation technique is introduced for the electrothermal study of a two-dimensional GaN-on-SiC high electron mobility transistor. Detailed electron and phonon transport is considered by coupled electron and phonon Monte Carlo simulations in the transistor region. For regions away from the transistor, the conventional Fourier's law is used for thermal analysis to minimize the computational load. This hybrid simulation strategy can incorporate the physical phenomena over multiple length scales, including phonon generation by hot electrons in the conduction channel, frequency-dependent phonon transport in the transistor region, and heat transfer across the whole macroscale device.
Protective Effects of Magnesium on Inner Ear Blood Flow in the Acoustic Trauma. Animal Studies

We have recently demonstrated in the guinea pig [Scheibe et al., 1997] that preventive oral magnesium (Mg) administration significantly reduces the rate of the acoustic trauma caused by impulse noise exposure (simulated small-weapon noise). Animals with an optimal Mg status revealed a permanent hearing loss (ABR) which was 15–20 dB lower (frequency range, 3.75–30 kHz) than that in animals with a suboptimal status. The exact mechanism underlying this protective effect of Mg is unknown at this time, but it may involve a direct vascular effect. To test this hypothesis, we conducted this study to investigate the effect of Mg supplementation on cochlear blood flow (CBF) in the acoustic trauma using laser Doppler flowmetry.
An Aggressive Form of Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis in an Adult: Therapeutic Challenges

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare in adults. Regular follow-up is mandatory due to reoccurrence. A 35-year-old male with an incidental left iliac bone lesion was diagnosed with LCH. He later became symptomatic with hip pain and spread of the disease. Despite excision of the symptomatic iliac lesion, he had progression while on cytarabine and nivolumab, evidenced by increased bone pain and involvement of other bones on imaging. He underwent excision of the jaw lesion followed by vinblastine; he was pain free and had stable disease on PET imaging after 3 months. LCH is an uncommon neoplasia. Treatment is reserved for symptomatic patients while asymptomatic patients are observed. Follow-up is imperative due to the risk of reoccurrence. Despite surgical treatment together with one of the front-line agents for refractory disease, in this case cytarabine, he still had progression of the disease. Furthermore, the trial of nivolumab was of no benefit. This case highlights good response to vinblastine which is previously reported to have good success. No trials are published, and the optimal strategy has yet to be defined. LCH with multiple bony involvement can be aggressive and therapeutically challenging.
CLOCK phosphorylation by AKT regulates its nuclear accumulation and circadian gene expression in peripheral tissues.

Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) is a transcription factor that activates transcription of clock-controlled genes by heterodimerizing with BMAL1 and binding to E-box elements on DNA. Although several phosphorylation sites on CLOCK have already been identified, this study characterizes a novel phosphorylation site at serine 845 (Ser-836 in humans). Here, we show that CLOCK is a novel AKT substrate in vitro and in cells, and this phosphorylation site is a negative regulator of CLOCK nuclear localization by acting as a binding site for 14-3-3 proteins. To examine the role of CLOCK phosphorylation in vivo, ClockS845A knockin mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. ClockS845A mice are essentially normal with normal central circadian rhythms and hemodynamics. However, examination of core circadian gene expression from peripheral tissues demonstrated that ClockS845A mice have diminished expression of Per2, Reverba, Dbp, and Npas2 in skeletal muscle and Per2, Reverba, Dbp, Per1, Rora, and Npas2 in the liver during the circadian cycle. The reduction in Dbp levels is associated with reduced H3K9ac at E-boxes where CLOCK binds despite no change in total CLOCK levels. Thus, CLOCK phosphorylation by AKT on Ser-845 regulates its nuclear translocation and the expression levels of certain core circadian genes in insulin-sensitive tissues.
Asymptotic and Numerical Results for Blowing-Up Solutions to Semilinear Heat Equations

Asymptotic and numerical results for blowing-up solutions to a class of semilinear heat equations are presented. They are obtained using the original space-time coordinate frame without any dynamical rescaling of space, time or solution. A new equiv alent equation is derived using a nonlinear transformation. Under some assumptions, the asymptotic form, the time and the position of the singularity are determined. Blow-up in the original equation is equivalent to vanishing in the new equation. As a consequence of the transformation and the asymptotic form of the blow-up, all terms in the new equation are bounded. Thus, numerical solutions are easy to obtain right up to the blow-up time without any loss of resolution. Inverting the transformation yields the solution to the original problem.
What Are the Legal Issues

This chapter explains the extent to which Sunsats can be deployed under existing treaties and regulatory provisions at various levels of government, and the extent to which new policies and procedures must be negotiated. Issues related to export controls, assignment of orbital positions and frequencies, ownership and control of space assets, liability for damage in space and environmental protection are also addressed.
The Diagnostic Value of Urine Versus Bladder Washing in Patients with Bladder Cancer

AbstractIn a prospective, critical appraisal of simultaneously collected cystoscopic urine and bladder washing for the evaluation of patients with bladder cancer little consistent difference in cellular yield or preservation could be documented between the 2 techniques. Diagnostic cells usually occurred in both types of specimens but in 20 to 30 per cent of the cases they could be identified only in cystoscopic urine. Over-all, 13.1 per cent of the cancers would have been missed had cystoscopic urine not been examined cytologically. Although bladder washing alone has a greater diagnostic yield than cystoscopic urine alone urine remains a valuable source of diagnostic information and should be evaluated, even when simultaneously collected bladder washings are available.
Electroejaculation does not impair sperm motility in the beagle dog: a comparative study of electroejaculation and collection by artificial vagina.

Sperm samples obtained by electroejaculation (EEJ) in men with anejaculatory infertility have a markedly lower quality than those obtained by normal ejaculation. An electrical effect of the EEJ procedure has been implicated by some investigators as a direct cause of low sperm quality. To determine whether the EEJ procedure causes direct sperm damage, we compared ejaculates obtained from dogs by EEJ and by artificial vagina (AV). In seven adult beagle dogs, semen was collected weekly, alternating between the two procedures. The average (antegrade) sample from AV had a volume of 2.6 ml., sperm concentration of 150.1 × 106 per ml., total sperm count of 381.7 × 106 and motility of 26.3%. The average antegrade sample from EEJ had a volume of 1.8 ml., a concentration of 129.6 × 106 per ml., a total sperm count of 166.8 × 106 and a motility of 30.1%. Of these differences only the total sperm counts and the total motile sperm counts were statistically significant (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the antegrade motilities, total sperm counts (antegrade plus retrograde—381.7 versus 243.4 × 106, for AV and EEJ, respectively) or the total motile sperm counts from the two procedures (103.9 versus 78.0 × 106). There were no differences in the average curvilinear velocity (VCL) measured by computer-assisted sperm motion analysis (56.9 μ. per second for AV, 47.4 μ. per second for antegrade EEJ specimens and 41.7 μ. per second for retrograde EEJ specimens). Since routine semen parameters between artificial vagina and electroejaculation did not differ in dogs, we conclude that the electroejaculation procedure is not responsible for the gross semen abnormalities reported in electroejaculation of anejaculatory men.
Biomass production by two-year-old poplar clones on floodplain sites in the Lower Midwest, USA

Four Populus clones were grown for two years at 1×1 m spacing for study of total biomass production and carbon sequestration capacity on floodplain sites previously in forage grasses under climatic conditions of the lower Midwest, U.S.A. Total biomass (above-and below-ground) in the first year ranged from 3.9 Mg ha–1 in a Populus deltoides x P. nigra clone (I45/51) to 1.9 Mg ha–1 for a local-source Populus deltoides clone (2059). Second year total biomass production was substantially higher, ranging from 13.9 Mg ha–1 in I45/51 to 7.4 Mg ha–1 in P. deltoides clone 26C6R51. Second-year leaf area index (LAI) values for I45/51 plants reached 4 during mid-season, indicating essentially complete canopy closure in this clone by the second year after planting. In contrast, maximum mid-season, second-year LAI was significantly lower in P. deltoides clones ( 2.4). There was some evidence for differential allocation to roots and shoots among Populus clones, with 26C6R51 showing relatively more allocation to root biomass than other clones. Second-year growth in Populus deltoides clone 2059 accelerated substantially, and this genotype exhibited two-year biomass accumulation nearly equal to that of I45/51 despite having less leaf area. This result suggested a higher photosynthetic capacity or assimilation efficiency in the former.
Generic Class Parameters and the Java Collection Framework

Consider writing an application that interacts with the user to build a list of merchandise items. Each item is represented by its name and price (in dollars). Like the pizza applications from the previous chapter, the application must allow the user to read data from a file, write the data to a file, add an item, remove an item, and view the data. In addition, the program must allow the user to revise the name as well as the price of an item. Furthermore, the program must allow the user to rearrange the items on the list in the increasing order of the names or in the increasing order of the prices.
The relationship between acute pain and dynamic postural stability indices in individuals with patellar tendinopathy

Abstract Background Patellar tendinopathy is a common condition resulting in persistent pain, frequently reported during physical activity. The relationship between dynamic postural stability and pain in these individuals is unclear and how it may affect postural stability. Research Question Is there a relationship between acute pain and dynamic postural stability indices in individuals with patellar tendinopathy? Methods Twenty-two recreationally active individuals with patellar tendinopathy participated. Participants performed a two-legged jump and landed on a single test-limb on a force platform. They completed 100 mm visual analogue scales (VAS) before and after landing trials. Anterior-posterior (APSI), medial-lateral (MLSI), vertical (VSI), and composite (DPSI) stability indices were calculated from ground reaction force data. The relationship between stability indices and VAS for pain as well as pain change scores were assessed via non-parametric Spearman’s rho (ρ) rank correlations (p≤.05). Results Baseline pain was not significantly correlated with any stability indices. Post-landing pain was significantly correlated with MLSI (ρ = 0.540, p = 0.004) while, VSI (ρ = 0.353, p = 0.053) and DPSI (ρ = 0.347, p = 0.057) had moderate, yet insignificant correlations. Pain change scores demonstrated a large correlation with MLSI (ρ = 0.598, p = 0.002). Significance As pain increased in individuals with patellar tendinopathy, dynamic postural stability indices values increased, indicating more difficulty transitioning from a dynamic to static state. Although balance deficits are not typically associated with patellar tendinopathy, it appears pain and dynamic postural stability may be related in these individuals.
Low molecular weight heparin (lmwh) inhibits tumor growth through the sequestration of angiogenic cytokines

1071 BACKGROUND: Anticoagulation by the use of unfractionated or low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) has been shown to lead to a survival advantage in cancer patients. There is compelling evidence that these are a result of non-coagulation pathways but the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesize that soluble heparins inhibit angiogenesis by sequestering growth factors such as FGF away from the target cell surface. In this study we also identify the FGF molecular pathways involved in heparin-induced tumor endothelial cell inhibition as well as determination of the in vivo specific tumor inhibition across different LMWHs. METHODS: A murine cell line constitutively secreting FGF-1, named Clone C, was established by stably transfecting a FGF-1 expression construct into NIH 3T3 cells. Clone C cells were implanted into mice to yield a working in vivo model of a highly angiogenic tumor. MTS Cell Proliferation assay (Promega) was used to characterize cell growth patterns with heparin treatment in vitro. FGF chimeric protein fused to a hemagglutinin peptide tag at the carboxyl-terminus end was conjugated to a biotin antibody. This conjugate was subsequently bound to an avidin coated Crystalplex bead allowing microscopic tracking of the movement of FGF in the presence or absence of heparins. Whole cell lysates were prepared and protein was visualized by Western blotting. RESULTS: Clone C tumors in vivo growth were significantly inhibited by LMWHs. The control group tumors were grossly angiogenic and well vascularized. In marked contrast, the heparin treated tumors were smaller, pale and possessed only scant peri-tumoral vessels. Immunohistochemistry staining confirms significantly decreased angiogenesis in the LMWH group. No organ hemorrhage was evident on detailed tissue survey. Direct visual evidence of FGF sequestration occur concomitant with a decrease in Tumor Derived Endothelial Cell (TDEC) mitogenesis. LMWHs inhibit FGF-induced TDEC mitogenesis in a concentration and time dependent manner. The end result is a significant inhibition of down stream signaling through the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). CONCLUSIONS: LMWHs both strip and sequester FGF from its receptor resulting in a down regulation of receptor activity and tumor endothelial cell mitosis.
Liquid Extrusion Techniques for Pore Structure Evaluation of Nonwovens

Two variations of the liquid extrusion technique for pore structure analysis have been analyzed and results obtained using nonwoven materials have been discussed. Strengths and limitations of the t...
Experimental Evolution of Extreme Resistance to Ionizing Radiation in Escherichia coli after 50 Cycles of Selection.

In previous work (D. R. Harris et al., J Bacteriol 191:5240-5252, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00502-09; B. T. Byrne et al., Elife 3:e01322, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01322), we demonstrated that Escherichia coli could acquire substantial levels of resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) via directed evolution. Major phenotypic contributions involved adaptation of organic systems for DNA repair. We have now undertaken an extended effort to generate E. coli populations that are as resistant to IR as Deinococcus radiodurans After an initial 50 cycles of selection using high-energy electron beam IR, four replicate populations exhibit major increases in IR resistance but have not yet reached IR resistance equivalent to D. radiodurans Regular deep sequencing reveals complex evolutionary patterns with abundant clonal interference. Prominent IR resistance mechanisms involve novel adaptations to DNA repair systems and alterations in RNA polymerase. Adaptation is highly specialized to resist IR exposure, since isolates from the evolved populations exhibit highly variable patterns of resistance to other forms of DNA damage. Sequenced isolates from the populations possess between 184 and 280 mutations. IR resistance in one isolate, IR9-50-1, is derived largely from four novel mutations affecting DNA and RNA metabolism: RecD A90E, RecN K429Q, and RpoB S72N/RpoC K1172I. Additional mechanisms of IR resistance are evident.IMPORTANCE Some bacterial species exhibit astonishing resistance to ionizing radiation, with Deinococcus radiodurans being the archetype. As natural IR sources rarely exceed mGy levels, the capacity of Deinococcus to survive 5,000 Gy has been attributed to desiccation resistance. To understand the molecular basis of true extreme IR resistance, we are using experimental evolution to generate strains of Escherichia coli with IR resistance levels comparable to Deinococcus Experimental evolution has previously generated moderate radioresistance for multiple bacterial species. However, these efforts could not take advantage of modern genomic sequencing technologies. In this report, we examine four replicate bacterial populations after 50 selection cycles. Genomic sequencing allows us to follow the genesis of mutations in populations throughout selection. Novel mutations affecting genes encoding DNA repair proteins and RNA polymerase enhance radioresistance. However, more contributors are apparent.
Scattering of He 3 from He 4

Doubly charged ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ ions have been scattered from helium gas to permit the investigation of excited states in ${\mathrm{Be}}^{7}$ at excitation energies between 3.9 and 8.4 MeV. In addition to the known $\frac{7}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ level at 4.54 MeV, the $\frac{5}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ member of this $l=3$ spin-orbit doublet has also been observed. This new state is located at an excitation energy of 6.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 MeV and has a reduced width of 3.96\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ MeV cm. No positive-parity states are observed in this range of excitation energies. A phase-shift analysis of the data has been made for bombarding energies above 5.75 MeV, and the spin polarization of the scattered particles has been calculated. Several regions in the ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}$, ${E}_{{\mathrm{He}}^{3}}$ plane were found that should yield polarizations near unity.
Harnessing the power of deep learning for volumetric CT imaging with single or limited number of projections

Tomographic imaging using a penetrating wave, such as X-ray, light and microwave, is a fundamental approach to generate cross-sectional views of internal anatomy in a living subject or interrogate material composition of an object and plays an important role in modern science. To obtain an image free of aliasing artifacts, a sufficiently dense angular sampling that satisfies the Shannon-Nyquist criterion is required. In the past two decades, image reconstruction strategy with sparse sampling has been investigated extensively using approaches such as compressed-sensing. This type of approach is, however, ad hoc in nature as it encourages certain form of images. Recent advancement in deep learning provides an enabling tool to transform the way that an image is constructed. Along this line, Zhu et al1 presented a data-driven supervised learning framework to relate the sensor and image domain data and applied the method to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here we investigate a deep learning strategy of tomographic X-ray imaging in the limit of a single-view projection data input. For the first time, we introduce the concept of dimension transformation in image feature domain to facilitate volumetric imaging by using a single or multiple 2D projections. The mechanism here is fundamentally different from the traditional approaches in that the image formation is driven by prior knowledge casted in the deep learning model. This work pushes the boundary of tomographic imaging to the single-view limit and opens new opportunities for numerous practical applications, such as image guided interventions and security inspections. It may also revolutionize the hardware design of future tomographic imaging systems
THE HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE IN DOGS TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI SPLEEN SERUM

‘ ‘cytotoxic” in the belief that their effect on the cells of the body was a toxic one. He injected splenic tissue into animals in an attempt to make an antispleen serum, but soon abandoned this work, primarily because of the difliculties in determining what, if any, titer of antiserum he was working with. Funck,’#{176} Flexner,’8 and Bunting’#{176} used other tissues, such as lymph nodes and bone marrow, as antigens with indifferent results. More recently, in 1936, Chew, Stephens, and Lawrence’3 reported that an antileukocytic serum produced in some guinea pigs an almost complete reduction in the number of neutrophil leukocytes in the peripheral blood. Earlier work by Ledingham and Bedson,24 Bedson,’ Lindstrom,26 Okita,35 and Matsuno29 had given essentially similar results. Although this effect was striking, a satisfactory technic for titrating the antisera was still not available. The present study was stimulated by the recently reported Russian work in which a new technic for the titration of “cytotoxic” serum was used. Marchuk,’7’28 Bogomolets and his colleagues have named this serum “anti-reticular cytotoxic
Long-term health after pancreatic surgery: the view from 9.5 years

Abstract Background Discussing the impact of pancreatic surgery on long-term health is poorly understood, but necessary for informed consent. Given the increased number of pancreatic operations being performed annually, further investigation is necessary. Methods Patients surviving longer than 5 years after pancreatic surgery were surveyed for postoperative hospitalizations, operations, pain, nutrition and diabetes. Variables were analyzed according to patient and peri-operative variables, and validated using medical records. Results Eighty individuals completed the survey; median follow-up was 9.5 years (IQR:6.43,12.73). 47.5% underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy, and 25.0% a distal pancreatectomy; 40.0% had adenocarcinoma. 57.1% reported long-term weight loss, of which 65.9% was unintentional. While 1.3% took pancreatic enzymes before surgery, 38.8% utilized after. 12.5% had diabetes before, and 28.6% after surgery; 22 of 30 patients required insulin replacement therapy (73.3%). 41.3% reported hospitalizations, 17.5% required endoscopies and 28.8% additional operations after full recovery. Need for additional interventions were not related to pathology or post-operative complications, but were more common among patients undergoing a Whipple. Conclusion More than half of patients will have a long-term medical complication attributable to pancreatectomy. In comparison to the literature, it may be inferred that consequences occur within the first few years after surgery, and do not compound over time.
Creativity in the outcomes of conflict.

How does creativity play out in social conflict? Just like Mark Twain’s observation about difference of opinion and interesting horse races, it is difference of interest, and how difference is handled, that makes interesting solutions to social conflict. If creativity is applied to the handling of differences, the outcome might very well be a mutually beneficial, integrative agreement; but just as well, creativity can be applied to contentiousness, pursuit of selfish interests, and asymmetric outcomes. In this chapter, my focus is on creativity in the service of developing mutually beneficial, integrative agreements. Consider the story of the Prophet Mohammad and his idea for settling a dispute that occurred during rebuilding of the Ka’aba in Mecca: when the sacred Black Stone was to be put in place, leaders of several tribes quarreled about who should have the honor to place it. The Prophet’s idea: place the stone on a cloak and the heads of each tribe would take a side of the cloak and together carry it in; thus each could have the honor of putting the stone in place (Satha-Anand, 1998).1 The story points to the characteristics of an outcome, a product, in this case, an agreement that allowed each party to achieve its interest, and it might be judged an especially creative outcome. Indeed, the kind of solution that allows each party to achieve its interests is fundamental and represents a basic
Effectiveness of local anesthetic injection in geriatric patients following operative management of proximal and diaphyseal femur fracture.

Abstract Introduction Geriatric fracture patients are at risk for poorly controlled pain and side effects of opioid medications. The arthroplasty literature has demonstrated that infiltration of long-acting local anesthetic or anesthetic cocktails improves pain control and reduces post-operative opioid use resulting in better postoperative mobility without the deleterious effects of narcotics. Despite having a higher risk for adverse events, there is limited data among geriatric trauma patients. The aim this study was to evaluate whether local anesthetic infiltration (LAI) into the soft tissues surrounding the surgical field reduces narcotic use or pain scores in patients undergoing surgical management of proximal and diaphyseal femur fractures. Materials and methods A retrospective review was performed of patients age >65 undergoing operative intervention for proximal and diaphyseal femur fracture. The electronic record was utilized to determine if local anesthetic was injected into the surgical wound, the amount of narcotics administered over 48 h in four-hour intervals, and to obtain visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores associated with patients post-operative course in four-hour intervals. The amount of narcotics was converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Results Among 477 patients with femur fracture, 358 did not receive LAI and 119 patients received LAI. Baseline demographics, fracture types, and surgical procedure were equivalent between the groups. In the first 28 h following surgery, compared with those who did not receive LAI, those who did required significantly less opioid (57.8 MME versus 94.3 MME, p = 0.034) and despite decreased narcotics, had equal pain scores (mean difference 0.37, p = 0.22). There was no difference in rates of post-operative complications. Conclusion LAI is associated with a reduction in opioid consumption in geriatric fracture patients with equivalent pain scores. Optimizing pain control is a critical issue in caring for geriatric fracture patients since both under-treated pain and opioid medications are implicated in postoperative delirium, complications, and ability to mobilize early. More research is needed to identify effective ways to optimize pain management in this at-risk patient population.
Machine-o-Matic: A Programming Environment for Prototyping Digital Fabrication Workflows

We propose a programming environment for prototyping workflows that consists of custom digital fabrication machines and user-defined interactions. At its core, Machine-o-Matic comprises a domain-specific programming language for defining custom CNC machines as aconfiguration of tools and moving stages connected together. Given a software defined machine configuration, the language compiles to firmware code that allows a user to control and test a physical machine immediately. The language includes constructs for users to define custom actions with the tool and to interface with input from sensors or a camera feed. To aid users in writing Machine-o-Matic programs, we include a drag and drop GUI for assembling, simulating, and experimenting with potential machine configurations before physically fabricating them. We present three proofs of concept to showcase the potential of our programming environment.
A Model Course to Enhance Veterinary Student Exposure to Research.

Despite many career opportunities available to veterinarians in research related fields and requirements for training in research methodologies by the American Veterinary Medical Association Counci...
Mentoring Experiences and Perceptions of Latino Male Faculty in Higher Education.

While some higher education institutions attempt to help support and retain Latino students until graduation, these same institutions often neglect the experiences of Latino faculty members. The ma...
Teaching identity vs. positionality: Dilemmas in social justice education

ABSTRACTIn teaching social justice, educators draw from a diverse array of theoretical approaches. In so doing, analytically distinct concepts can get conflated, which significantly impacts student...
Next frontiers of research in data driven marketing: Will techniques keep up with data tsunami?

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to provide a historical evolution of data driven marketing and suggest next frontiers of research opportunities as a consequence of digital tsunami as well as affordability and accessibility to conduct databased research. Earlier, techniques were in search of data but in the future data will be in search of techniques, especially in the era of social media such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, What’s App, and Instagram.
Old Perched Facet Joint Syndrome: "The Always-Anterior Strategy." Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature.

Background Perched facet joint syndrome is a common post-traumatic condition encountered at the level of subaxial cervical spine in acute settings but more rarely found in a chronic manner. We define this dislocation as old subaxial cervical facet dislocation (OSCFD) when adequate treatment is not established within 3 weeks after initial trauma. It is a clinical entity, moreover, associated with significant impact on neurologic functions such as nerve root or spine compression. Many factors are attributed to explain delayed diagnosis, such as living in a developing country, misreading or inadequate imaging, the presence of multiple injuries, or an absence of symptoms at the time of trauma. Case Description We report 2 typical examples of long-lasting OSCFD (up to 6 months), treated both by an anterior cervical approach but with 2 different surgical strategies, associated with similar subsequent clinical restoration and neuroradiologic realignment. We also review the related literature regarding the mechanisms underlying this unusual observation and varied surgical strategies adopted, finally explaining the reasons for our choosing the always-anterior strategy. Conclusions In OSCFD, performing a vertebral canal decompression and realignment of the cervical spine column is crucial. More options are purposed to treat this challenging condition, and more of them could be complicated by time-consuming resetting in the operating room, prolonged anesthesiologic procedures, and elevated risk of 360° instrumentation surgical maneuvers. The one-stage combined anterior-approach only (corpectomy or discectomy) is an effective, fast, and safe surgical strategy for treating OSCFD.
Maintaining the Therapeutic Alliance When Reporting Child Maltreatment: Recommendations for Mental Health Clinicians

Child maltreatment is a significant public health issue often resulting in long-term physical and mental health difficulties among the affected youth. The first steps in promoting child safety require the accurate identification and prompt reporting of suspected child maltreatment. However, mandated reporters, including mental health clinicians, often struggle to know how to identify and when to report child maltreatment, especially due to concerns that a report will disrupt or end the therapeutic alliance, a core component of the therapeutic process that is strongly related to successful psychotherapy outcomes. To address mental health clinicians’ concerns, the current review modifies the “SPIKES” protocol (which includes steps for confronting Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Emotion, Strategy, and Summary), originally developed for breaking “bad news” in oncology. The current review aims to provide recommendations on how mental health clinicians can report child maltreatment through a collaborative and supportive approach with parents while focusing on maintaining the therapeutic alliance.
X-Ray Diffraction

In this chapter, laboratory x-ray generation, the x-ray area detector, texture classification, and the x-ray pole figure are described. Data collection for x-ray pole figures using a finite size x-ray area detector and the integration steps to construct x-ray pole figures are covered. The chapter serves as a background for RHEED pole figure construction, which will be discussed in Chap. 6.
Improved Outcomes of Infant Lung Transplantation Over Three Decades

Abstract Background Lung transplantation is the definitive surgical treatment for end-stage lung disease. However, infants comprise less than 5% of pediatric cases. We sought to provide an overview of infant lung transplantation outcomes over the past three decades using linked United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) data. Methods Infants undergoing lung transplant from 1989-2020 in UNOS were reviewed. UNOS and PHIS records for patients transplanted from 1995-2020 were linked using date of birth, gender, and date of surgery ± 3 days. We assessed underlying diagnoses, pre- and post-transplant extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, re-transplant-free survival to discharge, hospital experience (≥1 annual transplant for ≥4 years in a five-year period), operative decade, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, long-term survival, and functional status at latest follow-up. Results 112 lung transplants were performed in 109 infants over 31 years. 21 patients died pre-discharge, and 2 were re-transplanted during the same admission. We linked 80.6% (83/103) of UNOS and PHIS records. Hospital survival was lower for infants with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension and those transplanted at less experienced centers. All seven infants requiring postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support died. Median freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was 8.1 (4.6-11.6) years. Following discharge, median survival was 10.3 (6.3-14.4) years, with improved ten-year survival for those transplanted from 2010-2020 (87.3%) versus 2000-2009 (52.4%, p=0.098) and 1989-1999 (34.1%, p=0.004). 84.6% (33/39) of survivors had minor or no restrictions at latest follow-up. Conclusions Carefully selected infants experience promising short- and long-term outcomes following lung transplant.
Well-Being: A Missing Component of Professionalism?

Enhancing student pharmacist professionalism through co-curricular efforts has been gained much attention in pharmacy education since release of Standards 2016. Interestingly, traditional and current definitions and attributes of professionalism do not include components of well-being; ideas of altruism and self-sacrifice predominate. However, it is imperative that student pharmacists are provided with the tools, resources, and time needed to invest in themselves to maintain their well-being, which in turn, allows them to fulfill our profession’s standards of professional conduct and engagement. Thankfully, while seeming to conflict based on classic interpretations, practicing self-care to promote our personal well-being is not in conflict with being an altruistic, self-sacrificing professional. This commentary explores the interplay between the two constructs and postulates that some issues related to student pharmacists9 unprofessional behavior can be linked to a lack of well-being. Therefore, pharmacy educators should consider incorporating well-being initiatives into efforts focused on refining student pharmacist professionalism.
Changes in Orthopaedic diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been accompanied by significant reductions in patient volumes for non-COVID-19-related conditions ranging from acute coronary syndrome to ischemic strokes to acute trauma. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient volumes for a broad range of orthopedic conditions remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with changes in patient volumes of 35 emergent (e.g. dislocations, open fractures), urgent (e.g. fractures), and nonurgent orthopedic conditions (e.g. osteoarthritis, sprains). Methods A retrospective interrupted time-series analysis of patient volumes was conducted for 35 orthopedic conditions based on ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Patient hospitalizations and new problem visits were aggregated across two institutions in New York state, including one urban tertiary care orthopedic hospital, one urban academic medical center, and all state outpatient facilities affiliated with the orthopedic institution. Patient volumes in the COVID-19 peak period (03/2020–05/2020) and COVID-19 recovery period (06/2020–10/2020) were compared against pre-COVID-19 vol (01/2018–02/2020). Results Overall, 169,047 cases were included in the analysis across 35 conditions with 3775 emergent cases, 6376 urgent cases, and 158,896 nonurgent cases. During the COVID-19 peak period, patient caseloads for 1 out of 7 emergent conditions (p = 0.02) and 26 out of 28 urgent and nonurgent conditions (p Conclusions This study found that the pandemic was associated with considerable changes in patient patterns for non-COVID-19 orthopedic conditions. The long-term effects of patient volume reductions on both patient outcomes and orthopedic health systems remain to be seen. Level of evidence Cohort study; level of evidence IV.
Abnormalities of glucose metabolism associated with atypical antipsychotic drugs

The introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs has provided a clear benefit for many schizophrenia patients, with less risk for the extrapyramidal side effects associated with conventional antipsychotics. However, some antipsychotics are associated with an increased risk of adverse metabolic outcomes, including weight gain, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Increases in adiposity and disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism represent a serious health risk in a patient that may be predisposed to these metabolic conditions. The increased risk for diabetes with certain antipsychotics may be associated with the risk of treatment-induced weight gain. However, other mechanisms, including effects on central neurotransmitters and direct effects on glucose metabolism, may contribute to the development of disordered glucose metabolism. The purpose of this article is to review the association between antipsychotic medications and obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, including the mechanisms through which these changes might be effected.
Rats with hypertension, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) have increased placental and circulating FASL (LB713)

The CD95L or FASL system of apoptosis is part of the tumor necrosis factor family that contributes to cell death. Placental CD95L is up-regulated in women with HELLP syndrome and has been proposed to contribute to the liver damage seen in these patients. The objective of the current study was to determine if animals with HELLP have increased CD95L similar to women with HELLP. Additionally, as the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone has been found to decrease inflammation in women with HELLP we also examined its’ effects on circulating CD95L in women with HELLP. Whole blood was collected from women with HELLP before and 24hrs after dexamethasone administration (10mg per 12hr intravenously). On gestational day (GD) 12, sEndoglin (7ug/kg/day) and sFlt-1 (4.7ug/kg/day) infusion began via mini-osmotic pump into normal pregnant (NP) rats. On GD18 carotid catheters were inserted, GD19 plasma and tissue were collected and CD95L was measured via western blot or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Women with HELLP ...
Adaptive translinear analog signal processing: a prospectus

We have devised a systematic method of transforming high-level time-domain descriptions of linear and nonlinear adaptive signal-processing algorithms into compact, continuous-time analog circuitry using basic units called multiple-input translinear elements (MITEs). In this paper, we describe the current state of the art and illustrate the method with an example of an analog phase-locked loop (PLL).
ACID AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE HUMAN STOMACH

Summary A simplified method is given for the preparation of frozen microtome sections that can subsequently be used for microchemistry, histochemistry, and histopathology. Gastritis has been further defined by a comparison of microscopy with two other techniques, namely those of microchemistry and histochemistry. A positive correlation has been found between increasing severity of gastritis and increasing activity of alkaline phosphatase. One of the chief criteria of gastritis is the presence of a metaplastic cell that has been shown to have a very high alkaline phosphatase activity. No correlation was found between increasing severity of gastritis and the level of acid phosphatase activity present.
Environmental Toxicology of Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Over 109 Kg of PCB have been produced world-wide in the last 5 decades and about one-third of this is estimated to be in mobile environmental reservoirs. Entropic dispersion is decreasing geographic distinctions in residue levels, but hazards still persist in spite of dramatic decreases in production and release.