cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Angioedema: An Emergency Medicine Perspective

, Abstract—Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare and often debilitating condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in the absence of appropriate intervention. An underlying deficiency in functional C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) protein induces a vulnerability to unchecked activation of the complement, contact, and coagulation/fibrinolytic systems. The clinical consequence is a pattern of recurring attacks of non-pitting, non-pruritic edema, the urgency of which varies by the affected site. Laryngeal edema can escalate rapidly to asphyxiation, and severe cases of abdominal swelling can lead to hypovolemic shock. Objectives: This report reviews the emergency diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema and the impact of recently introduced treatments on treatment in the United States. Discussion: Until recently, emergency physicians in the United States were hindered by the lack of rapidly effective treatment options for HAE attacks. In this article, generalclinical and laboratorydiagnosticprocedures are reviewed against the backdrop of two case studies: one patient presenting with a known historyof HAE and one with previously undiagnosed HAE. In many countries outside the United States, plasma-derived C1-INH concentrate has for decades been the first-line treatment for acute attacks. Theend of2009 usheredin anew era inthe pharmacologic management of HAE attacks in the United States with the approval of two new treatment options for acute treatment: a plasma-derived C1-INH concentrate and a kallikrein inhibitor. Conclusion: With access to targeted and effective treatments, emergency physicians are now better equipped for successful and rapid intervention in urgent HAE cases. 2012 Elsevier Inc.
The attenuation of rayleigh surface waves by surface roughness

Abstract This paper presents a calculation of the attenuation length of Rayleigh surface waves in the presence of surface roughness. We consider Rayleigh waves on the surface of a semi-infinite isotropic elastic continuum, and the method we use produces the contribution to the attenuation rate proportional to the square of the rms amplitude of the roughness. We obtain explicit expressions for the contribution to the attenuation rate from roughness-induced scattering into bulk transverse and longitudinal acoustic waves, and into Rayleigh waves. Our derivation makes use of a Green's function method. When the wavelength λ of the Rayleigh wave is long compared to the transverse correlation length a that characterizes the surface roughness, all contributions to the attenuation rate are proportional to the fifth power of the frequency. When λ is comparable to or smaller than a , the attenuation constant varies more slowly with frequency. For a model of the surface roughness, we present numerical calculations of the relative magnitude and frequency dependence of the various contributions to the attenuation rate. The Green's functions used here may be applied to a number of calculations. A derivation of their form is provided in an Appendix.
Correspondence of the Dark-prone Test to Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in the Diagnosis of Plateau Iris Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Background This study evaluated the correspondence of the dark-prone provocative test to ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in the diagnosis of plateau iris syndrome. Materials and Methods Patients, after undergoing a laser iridotomy to eliminate pupillary block, with UBM-confirmed plateau iris syndrome underwent the dark-prone provocative test. An increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) of 8 mmHg or more following the test was considered a positive result. Nine eyes from six patients were included in the study. Results Eight eyes (88.9%) had elevated IOP of at least 8 mmHg following 1 hour of provocation and, therefore, a positive dark-prone provocative test. One eye had an IOP elevation of only 5 mmHg. Conclusion There is a high level of correspondence between a positive dark-prone test and UBM in patients with plateau iris syndrome. The dark-prone test could be effective in confirming the clinical diagnosis of plateau iris syndrome.
Placental site trophoblastic tumor presenting with a pneumothorax during pregnancy.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Placental site trophoblastic tumor is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease that commonly presents with vaginal bleeding and amenorrhea after pregnancy. CASE: A women with a normal gestation at 37 weeks presented with a pneumothorax. The patient underwent placement of a chest tube and a subsequent thorascopic pulmonary bullous resection for persistence of the pneumothorax. Histological examination of the specimen revealed a metastatic placental site trophoblastic tumor. CONCLUSION: Gestational trophoblastic disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pneumothorax during pregnancy.
Summer Lepidopterous insect fauna of Mt. Bokju (Prov. Gangwon-do) in Korea.

This study was conducted to investigate the moth fauna of the Mt. Bokju in July 2010. A total of 219 species of 17 families was identified. Geometridae with 57 species was dominant in the area followed by Noctuidae(50 species) and Crambidae (22 species). The most dominant species was a noctuid moth, Cosmia camptostigma (114 individuals).
Security Implications of Virus Management

Abstract Personal computer viruses have existed for several years. Their continual changes and new vectors are a substantial annoyance to many businesses. The increased use of the Internet, reliance on e-mail, and shared data files and attachments, commensurate with the expanded power of macro languages, have generated new problems for companies and security experts.
Plasmodium knowlesi: An Important Yet Overlooked Human Malaria Parasite

To the Editor: In the May 2009 issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Reyburn and Virk1 reported a case of a young woman who had visited West Africa and presented with fever and jaundice. The authors did not mention the fifth human malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi, which like P falciparum, causes life-threatening illness.2 Although currently P knowlesi has been reported only from Southeast Asia3 and like P vivax needs the Duffy antigen,4 which is not found in people in West Africa,5 clinicians must keep in mind a broad differential diagnosis. P knowlesi is transmitted from human to human or from the macaque monkeys (Old World monkey) via the Anopheles leucosphyrus species of mosquitoes. To date, P knowlesi has not been reported in West Africa. Ciuca et al6 found that P knowlesi does not sequester substantially in the microcirculation like P falciparam, and once high parasitemia is achieved, the monkey's death is secondary to rapidly developing anemia, jaundice, and renal failure, all of which are features of severe P falciparum malaria in adults. P knowlesi is currently identified only by polymerase chain reaction-based techniques; by light microscopy, it is falsely reported as P malariae, P vivax, or P falciparum.3 A detailed history of a patient's recent travel to Southeast Asia should be obtained to rule out P knowlesi.
Bis{1,2-bis-[bis-(3-hydroxy-prop-yl)phosphino]ethane}dichloridoiron(II).

In the title compound, [FeCl2(C14H32O4P2)2], the FeII atom (site symmetry \overline{1}) adopts a distorted trans-FeCl2P4 octa­hedral geometry with two P,P′-bidentate ligands in the equatorial positions and two chloride ions in the axial positions. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.
Effect of Testosterone Propionate and Growth Hormone on Growth and Chemical Composition of Muscle and Other Tissues in Hypophysectomized Male Rats

The effect of testosterone propionate and growth hormone on the growth of muscle, bone, pelt, viscera and seminal vesicles was studied in hypophysectomized male rats. Testosterone (0.1 mg/day) stimulated growth in the levator ani muscle and seminal vesicles but had no effect on the other tissues studied. Growth hormone (0.1 mg/day) accelerated growth in all tissues except the seminal vesicles. Testosterone did not enhance the growth-promoting effect of growth hormone in any tissue except the levator ani muscle. Growth hormone stimulated deposition of myosin, sarcoplasmic proteins, collagen and alkali-soluble proteins in the thigh muscle of hypophysectomized rats. The composition of the muscle in treated and control hypophysectomized rats was the same as that in normal rats. Growth hormone also increased the collagen, keratin-elastin and globular protein content of the pelt. The effect of growth hormone on the proteins of muscle and pelt was not enhanced by testosterone. Testosterone given alone had no eff...
Treatment of ventricular fibrillation in a patient with prior diagnosis of long QT syndrome: Importance of precise electrophysiologic diagnosis to successfully ablate the trigger

omandoor Srivathsan, MD,* Apoor S. Gami, MD, Michael J. Ackerman, MD, PhD, amuel J. Asirvatham, MD rom the *Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, Division of ardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, Division of ediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic College of edicine, Rochester, Minnesota
Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina ) from central California: health implications in an urbanized estuary

Abstract We measured total selenium and total mercury concentrations ([TSe] and [THg]) in hair ( n = 138) and blood ( n = 73) of harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina ) from California to assess variation by geography and sex, and inferred feeding relationships based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes. Harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites had significantly greater [THg], and lesser [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratios than seals from a relatively uncontaminated site. Males had significantly greater [THg] than females at all locations. Sulfur stable isotope values explained approximately 25% of the variability in [THg], indicating increased Hg exposure for seals with a greater use of estuarine prey species. Decreased [TSe] in harbor seals from Hg-contaminated regions may indicate a relative Se deficiency to mitigate the toxic effects of Hg. Further investigation into the Se status and the potential negative impact of Hg on harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites is warranted.
Senator Kennedy's legacy to U.S. health and health care.

Edward M. Kennedy, the long-serving senior senator from Massachusetts who died on August 25, 2009, had a major impact on Americans who deliver or receive health care services and left a vast legacy...
Evidence for two sites of superoxide production by mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I).

Complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) can form superoxide during forward electron flow (NADH-oxidizing) or, at sufficiently high protonmotive force, during reverse electron transport from the ubiquinone (Q) pool (NAD+-reducing). We designed an assay system to allow titration of the redox state of the superoxide-generating site during reverse electron transport in rat skeletal muscle mitochondria: a protonmotive force generated by ATP hydrolysis, succinate:malonate to alter electron supply and modulate the redox state of the Q pool, and inhibition of complex III to prevent QH2 oxidation via the Q cycle. Stepwise oxidation of the QH2/Q pool by increasing malonate concentration slowed the rates of both reverse electron transport and rotenone-sensitive superoxide production by complex I. However, the superoxide production rate was not uniquely related to the resultant potential of the NADH/NAD+ redox couple. Thus, there is a superoxide producer during reverse electron transport at complex I that responds to Q pool redox state and is not in equilibrium with the NAD reduction state. In contrast, superoxide production during forward electron transport in the presence of rotenone was uniquely related to NAD redox state. These results support a two-site model of complex I superoxide production; one site in equilibrium with the NAD pool, presumably the flavin of the FMN moiety (site IF) and the other dependent not only on NAD redox state, but also on protonmotive force and the reduction state of the Q pool, presumably a semiquinone in the Q-binding site (site IQ).
Lubber grasshoppers, Romalea microptera (Beauvois), orient to plant odors in a wind tunnel

Abstract We tested the response of individual adult lubber grasshoppers in a wind tunnel to the odors of 3 plant species and to water vapor. Grasshoppers moved upwind to the odors of fresh-mashed narcissus and mashed Romaine lettuce, but not to water vapor, or in the absence of food odor. Males and females showed similar responses. Upwind movement tended to increase with the length of starvation (24, 48, or 72 h). The lack of upwind movement to water vapor implies that orientation toward the mashed plants was not simply an orientation to water vapor. These results support a growing data base that suggests that grasshoppers can use olfaction when foraging in the wild.
The effect of combining subtherapeutic concentrations of different ionophorous antibiotics on anticoccidial action in chickens

Abstract The mode of action of polyether, ionophorous drugs against Eimeria infections in chickens was studied by feeding subeffective doses of drugs separately and in combination, in comparison with the full dose of each drug. Thus, monensin, lasalocid and salinomycin (50, 35 and 30 ppm, respectively) were compared with a full dose of the same drugs. The combinations of ionophorous antibiotics were as effective in controlling Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina infections as the single antibiotic mixed in the feed at recommended prophylactic concentrations. When intracellular sporozoites of E. tenella were treated with the drugs in vitro, the effects on morphology were similar, regardless of which drug was used. The additive effects of these drugs in the chicken, and their similar effects on intracellular sporozoites suggest that they have a similar mode of action on Eimeria sporozoites, despite differences in ion selectivity.
Characterizing the Freeze–Drying Behavior of Model Protein Formulations

The freeze–drying behavior of three model proteins, namely, lysozyme, BSA, and IgG, has been studied using a variety of techniques under two different primary drying conditions (shelf temperatures of −25°C and +25°C, respectively) in an amorphous formulation. Manometric temperature measurements were used to characterize product temperature (Tpr), sublimation rates, and product resistance (Rp) during primary drying. Biophysical techniques such as circular dichroism, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study protein conformation. Size exclusion chromatography was used to monitor the formation of high-molecular-weight species (HMWS) over time on storage, and cake morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The differences in the freeze–drying behavior of the three proteins were more evident at higher protein concentrations, where the protein significantly influences the behavior of the formulation matrix. However, these differences were minimized in the aggressive mode and were insignificant at lower protein concentrations where excipients dominated the freeze–drying behavior. Differences in cake morphology were observed between the two drying conditions employed as well as between the three proteins studied. The stability and the protein structure, however, were equivalent for the protein cakes generated using the two different primary drying conditions.
Exploring the nexus between community cultural wealth and the academic and social experiences of Latino male achievers at two predominantly White research universities

Latino males are grossly underrepresented at four-year postsecondary institutions in the United States. This phenomenological study seeks to address this emergent educational crisis by focusing on the experiences of two Latino male achievers at predominantly White research universities. Community Cultural Wealth is used to explore how Latino male collegians with a cumulative grade point average (GPA) above 3.75 employed linguistic, resistant, and navigational capital to enhance their academic and social experiences during college. The reports offered by participants in this study are intended to advance knowledge regarding the experiences of Latino male collegians as well as to enhance research, policies, and practices that increase the educational attainment of Latina/o students within higher education.
Economically complex cyberattacks

Most people working in cyber security recognize that the interconnections and complexities of our economy can have a huge effect on the destructiveness of cyber attacks. They refer casually to "network effects," "spillover effects" or "knock-on effects." Yet there is little understanding of how such effects actually work, what conditions are necessary to create them, or how to quantify their consequences. People working in cyber security also generally acknowledge that combinations of cyber attacks could be much more destructive than individual attacks. Yet there is little understanding of exactly why this is the case or what the principles would be for combining attacks to produce maximum destruction. These two sets of problems are actually the same. It is by taking account of the interconnections and complexities in our economy that cyber-attackers could devise combinations of attacks to cause greater destruction. To understand how this would work, we need to look at three features of our economy that are responsible for much of its structural complexity: redundancies, interdependencies, and near monopolies. Then, as we examine these features, we need to see how each of them would prompt a different sort of attack strategy.
Speech and Language Issues in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder caused by the lack of the paternal contribution of Chromosome 15q11.2-q13.2 region. It is associated with global developmental delays, including speech and language delay. There is no information regarding the prevalence of apraxia of speech in this syndrome, despite the fact that it is often recognized clinically. In this study, we sought to investigate the prevalence of apraxia in children with PWS and speech and language delay. Methods: Thirty children with genetically confirmed PWS, ages 22 months to 9 years of age, were evaluated by a certified speech-language pathologist due to physician concerns about speech and language development. Children were assessed by a variety of tests based on their age. Results: Sixteen children had receptive language deficits and 18 had expressive language deficits. Fourteen of the thirty children (47%) had results on evaluation that were consistent with apraxia, of which 57% were male, and 71% (p<0.001) had deletion-type PWS. Conclusion: As expected, children with PWS who are referred for concerns about speech and language development are commonly found to have receptive and expressive language deficits. However, there was a high prevalence of apraxia in our patients, which has not previously been reported in this population. We recommend that children with PWS be evaluated for apraxia by a speech-language pathologist once their expressive language skills are developed enough for speech assessment. The diagnosis of apraxia will necessitate specific speech therapy techniques which may not otherwise be used for individuals with this syndrome, thus resulting in more severe and prolonged speech delays.
The stable-isotope composition of early ground-water cements from sandstone in paleoecological reconstruction

ABSTRACT The carbon-isotope composition of soil carbonates in paleosols records the global expansion of CM4 biomass in the late Miocene. However, soil carbonate is not present in many geological sections, or if present, is often difficult to distinguish from other carbonate cements. Here we report on the 13C values of sparry, early ground-water cements in sandstones from the Siwalik Group in Pakistan that record, like the soil carbonates from the same sections, the dramatic late Miocene expansion of C4 vegetation. The early cements are confined to densely cemented nodules in the sandstones, but can also be found reworked as nodules into adjacent paleo-channels, demonstrating their formation shortly after burial. The early cements are isotopically distinct from later, higher-temperature calcite cements. Our results demonstrate that some early ground-water cements can be used in a manner similar to soil carbonates to reconstruct vegetation and perhaps pCO2 changes in the past.
Bilingual picture-word studies constrain theories of lexical selection.

Whether lexical selection is by competition is the subject of current debate in studies of monolingual language production. Here, I consider whether extant data from bilinguals can inform this debate. In bilinguals, theories that accept the notion of lexical selection by competition are divided between those positing competition among all lexical nodes versus those that restrict competition to nodes in the target language only. An alternative view rejects selection by competition altogether, putting the locus of selection in a phonological output buffer, where some potential responses are easier to exclude than others. These theories make contrasting predictions about how quickly bilinguals should name pictures when non-target responses are activated. In Part 1, I establish the empirical facts for which any successful theory must account. In Part 2, I evaluate how well each theory accounts for the data. I argue that the data do not support theories that reject lexical selection by competition, and that although theories where competition for selection is restricted to the target language can be altered to fit the data, doing so would fundamentally undermine the distinctness of their position. Theories where selection is by competition throughout both target and non-target language lexicons must also be modified to account for the data, but these modifications are relatively peripheral to the theoretical impetus of the model. Throughout, I identify areas where our empirical facts are sparse, weak, or absent, and propose additional experiments that should help to further establish how lexical selection works, in both monolinguals and bilinguals.
The effects of C-G content and mutations on the Fourier transform method for periodicity

It is well-known that the Fourier spectrum of a DNA protein-coding region exhibits an f = 1/3 peak. This is due to an unbalanced nucleotide distribution and open reading frame (ORF) positional bias that introduces a 3-base periodicity into the sequence. Until now, the f = 1/3 property has mainly been used to detect protein-coding regions, but in our paper, we use the f = 1/3 spectral height to detect the strength of the periodicity in these regions. First, we quantify the effects of sequence length, nucleotide distribution, ORF positional bias, and mutations on this spectral measure. Then once we know how the spectral peak height changes in response to these aberrations, we investigate a sliding window technique in an attempt to detect changes in CG content. Detection of frameshift mutations are important for finding disease, and it has been hypothesized that nucleotide bias variation signifies a change in the function of encoded proteins.
Who are you, and where did you come from? [documentation Web sites]

One of the big challenges of technical writing is to gather feedback to help make decisions. Traditionally, feedback is scarce and mostly negative. The Web offers the possibility to draw lessons from actual usage patterns on a documentation site, with information about success as well as failure, and a large sample size. This paper discusses the implementation and findings from a database-backed Web site that collects such usage information. The site offers technical documentation and is used by a wide variety of product customers. We use the data to help improve the web site and underlying information. The paper discusses how to collect usage data, what data to collect, and presents examples of data and associated conclusions drawn from our Web site.
Frontiers of in situ electron microscopy

In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has become an increasingly important tool for materials characterization. It provides key information on the structural dynamics of a material during transformations and the ability to correlate a material’s structure and properties. With the recent advances in instrumentation, including aberration-corrected optics, sample environment control, the sample stage, and fast and sensitive data acquisition, in situ TEM characterization has become more powerful. In this article, a brief review of the current status and future opportunities of in situ TEM is provided. The article also introduces the six articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin exploring the frontiers of in situ electron microscopy, including liquid and gas environmental TEM, dynamic four-dimensional TEM, studies on nanomechanics and ferroelectric domain switching, and state-of-the-art atomic imaging of light elements (i.e., carbon atoms) and individual defects.
Initial Coarsening and Microstructural Evolution of Fast‐Fired and MgO‐Doped Al2O3

The effect of an initial coarsening step (50-200 h at 800°C) on the subsequent densification and microstructural evolution of high–quality compacts of undoped and MgO–doped Al2O3 has been investigated during fast–firing (5 min at 1750°C) and during constant–heating–rate sintering (4°C/min to 1450°C). In constant–heating–rate sintering of both the undoped and MgO–doped Al2O3, a refinement of the microstructure has been achieved for the compact subjected to the coarsening step. A combination of the coarsening step and MgO doping produces the most significant refinement of the microstructure. In fast–firing of the MgO–doped Al2O3, the coarsening step produces a measurable increase in the density and a small refinement of the grain size, when compared with similar compacts fast–fired conventionally (i.e., without the coarsening step). This result indicates that the accepted view of the deleterious role of coarsening in the sintering of real powder compacts must be reexamined. Although extensive coarsening after the onset of densification must be reduced for the achievement of high density, limited coarsening prior to densification is beneficial for subsequent sintering.
Growth factor stimulation of cryopreserved CD34+ bone marrow cells intended for transplant: An in vitro study to determine optimal timing of exposure to early acting cytokines

Stimulating CD34+ hematopoietic cells with growth factors prior to transplantation may decrease the duration of post-transplant aplasia. The optimal time in which to deliver this stimulus remains unclear. We therefore sought to determine if progenitor cell cloning efficiency, as reflected by colony forming units-granulocytemacrophage (CFU-GM) colony formation, differed when growth factor stimulation was carried out prior to freezing or after thawing. To address this issue, CD34+ marrow cells were suspended in Iscove's medium with 20% bovine calf serum. They were then stimulated with kit ligand (KL), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) for 36 h either prior to cryopreservation or immediately after thawing. We observed that cells stimulated prior to freezing formed more CFU-GM colonies than cells stimulated after thawing. We also found that CD34+ cells stimulated with growth factors either before or after freezing gave rise to more CFU-GM colonies than thawed cells plated without prestimulation. Thus, the cloning efficiency of stored marrow, as reflected by CFU-GM colony formation, may be effectively enhanced by pretreating cells with hematopoietic growth factors. Our data further suggest that the optimal time for this treatment is before cryopreservation as opposed to immediately after thawing. Based on these results, we hypothesize that stimulation of CD34+ hematopoietic cells prior to cryopreservation may simplify cell processing, enhance subsequent engraftment, and bring about significant cost savings by decreasing the amounts of recombinant growth factors administered to patients in order to facilitate marrow recovery.
Stuck on Stubble? The Non-market Value of Agricultural Byproducts for Diversified Farmers in Morocco

Diversified agricultural households often use byproducts of one activity as inputs for another. For crop‐livestock farmers, cereal production provides grain and crop residue, where the latter can be used as livestock feed. To properly assess the cost of introducing new technologies into such systems, one must value the implicit cost of byproducts, which is made difficult by missing byproduct markets. We estimate the shadow value of non‐market crop stubble using household data from Morocco and find that stubble accounts for around one‐quarter of the value of cereal production in a normal rainfall year and three quarters in a drought year.
Dimensionality reduction for hand-independent dexterous robotic grasping

In this paper, we build upon recent advances in neuroscience research which have shown that control of the human hand during grasping is dominated by movement in a configuration space of highly reduced dimensionality. We extend this concept to robotic hands and show how a similar dimensionality reduction can be defined for a number of different hand models. This framework can be used to derive planning algorithms that produce stable grasps even for highly complex hand designs. Furthermore, it offers a unified approach for controlling different hands, even if the kinematic structures of the models are significantly different. We illustrate these concepts by building a comprehensive grasp planner that can be used on a large variety of robotic hands under various constraints.
Window-based Tensor Analysis on High-dimensional and Multi-aspect Streams

Data stream values are often associated with multiple aspects. For example, each value from environmental sensors may have an associated type (e.g., temperature, humidity, etc) as well as location. Aside from timestamp, type and location are the two additional aspects. How to model such streams? How to simultaneously find patterns within and across the multiple aspects? How to do it incrementally in a streaming fashion? In this paper, all these problems are addressed through a general data model, tensor streams, and an effective algorithmic framework, window-based tensor analysis (WTA). Two variations of WTA, independent- window tensor analysis (IW) and moving-window tensor analysis (MW), are presented and evaluated extensively on real datasets. Finally, we illustrate one important application, multi-aspect correlation analysis (MACA), which uses WTA and we demonstrate its effectiveness on an environmental monitoring application.
Characterization and analysis of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz).

A size-fractionated TaqI genomic library of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) was screened for the presence of (GA) n and (CA) n simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 54 clones with a positive signal were detected among 13,000 clones screened. Forty-seven clones having repeats of n⩾ 3 were identified, of which 85% were perfect, 13% were imperfect and 2% were compound repeat sequences. Five of ten primer pairs synthesized to amplify selected loci resulted in a product in the expected size range and were subsequently used to examine SSR polymorphisms among 46 ecotypes of P. vaginatum. The number of alleles resolved on agarose or polyacrylamide gels were similar and ranged from 6 to 16 with an average of 14 per locus. Phenetic analysis of SSR polymorphisms revealed genetic relationships among the P. vaginatum ecotypes that were in general agreement with relationships determined previously by RAPD analysis of the same plant materials. Further screening of the genomic library did not identify (AT) n , trimeric or tetrameric repeats. Hybridization of an (ATT)8 oligonucleotide probe to genomic DNA isolated from I. batatas, E. coli, Citrullis lanatus and P. vaginatum suggested that the P. vaginatum genome contained significantly fewer ATT repeats than either the I. batatas or C. lanatus genome.
Release and Clearance Rates of Epinephrine in Man: Importance of Arterial Measurements*

Previous estimates of catecholamine kinetics in human subjects have been based on the measurement of the catecholamine levels in forearm venous plasma. However, the use of forearm venous measurements may introduce considerable error, since venous catecholamine levels may primarily reflect metabolism in the organ drained rather than in the total body. In this study, arterial levels of epinephrine were found to significantly exceed forearm venous levels, both basally (mean ± SEM, 71 ± 13 vs. 50 ± 7 pg/ml; n = 6; P < 0.05) and during infusions of epinephrine [0.1 μg/min (112 ± 9 vs. 77 ± 11 pg/ml; P < 0.005) or 2 μg/min (862 ± 71 vs. 437 ± 66 pg/ml; P < 0.001)]] During the 2 μg/min epinephrine infusion, arterial plasma norepinephrine rose from 191 ± 37 to 386 ± 78 pg/ml (P < 0.001), while venous norepinephrine levels did not change significantly. Fractional extraction (arterial − venous + arterial × 100) of epinephrine across the forearm was 26 ± 8% in the basal state and increased to 33 ± 6% and further to ...
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF A SINTERED Si3N4 ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE SOAKING IN AIR

In this paper a systematic investigation was carried out on the microstructural evolution of a sintered Si3N4 ceramics associated with high temperature soaking in air. The soaking was conducted at 1275 °C for various periods of time, ranging from 16 to 40 hours. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and conventional TEM were used to study the microstructures of the virgin (as received) and soaked samples. It was found that the Si3N4 ceramics has been severely attacked even inside the material, most probably by oxygen. The originally distinctly shaped Si3N4 grain boundaries and triple junctions became more rounded and the apparent volume fraction of the amorphous phases was increased due to high temperature thermal soaking. Studies on samples prepared with the electron transparent region deliberately located in various specific regions showed that in general the thickness of the amorphous grain boundary phase expanded due to soaking. The clear-cut atomic steps or the faceted Si3N4 grains along the grain boundaries were smeared out. All these changes could be explained on the basis of oxygen attacks through fast path diffusion of oxygen species along the grain boundary phase, surface diffusion in the micropores or even through volume diffusion in the Si3N4 grains along specific orientation. This may contribute to a better understanding of the high temperature behavior of this material in oxidizing atmosphere.
Efficient clustering of identity-by-descent between multiple individuals

Motivation: Most existing identity-by-descent (IBD) detection methods only consider haplotype pairs; less attention has been paid to considering multiple haplotypes simultaneously, even though IBD is an equivalence relation on haplotypes that partitions a set of haplotypes into IBD clusters. Multiple-haplotype IBD clusters may have advantages over pairwise IBD in some applications, such as IBD mapping. Existing methods for detecting multiple-haplotype IBD clusters are often computationally expensive and unable to handle large samples with thousands of haplotypes. Results: We present a clustering method, efficient multiple-IBD, which uses pairwise IBD segments to infer multiple-haplotype IBD clusters. It expands clusters from seed haplotypes by adding qualified neighbors and extends clusters across sliding windows in the genome. Our method is an order of magnitude faster than existing methods and has comparable performance with respect to the quality of clusters it uncovers. We further investigate the potential application of multiple-haplotype IBD clusters in association studies by testing for association between multiple-haplotype IBD clusters and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort. Using our multiple-haplotype IBD cluster approach, we found an association with a genomic interval covering the PCSK9 gene in these data that is missed by standard single-marker association tests. Previously published studies confirm association of PCSK9 with low-density lipoprotein. Availability and implementation: Source code is available under the GNU Public License http://cs.au.dk/~qianyuxx/EMI/. Contact: moc.liamg@xxuynaiq Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Equilibrium high-temperature Fe isotope fractionation between fayalite and magnetite: An experimental calibration

Abstract The iron isotopic fractionation factor between magnetite and fayalite was measured at high temperature in a piston–cylinder apparatus. For the first time, the three-isotope method [Matsuhisa, J., Goldsmith, J. R., and Clayton, R. N., 1978. Mechanisms of hydrothermal crystallisation of quartz at 250 °C and 15 kbar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 42, 173–182.] has been used to determine equilibrium fractionation between two minerals directly. The experimentally-determined temperature-dependent iron isotope fractionation between fayalite and magnetite is described by 10 3 ln α 57 Mag–Fa ≅ Δ 57 Fe Mag–Fa = 0.30 (+/− 0.024) × 10 6 / T 2 . The equation predicts measurable fractionation at magmatic temperatures. Our work bears on the magnitude of Fe isotope fractionation attending differentiation in magmatic systems and provides a new isotope thermometer for co-existing fayalite and magnetite.
Extraction of the Effective Mobility of $ \hbox{In}_{0.53}\hbox{Ga}_{0.47}\hbox{As}$ MOSFETs

The extraction of the effective mobility on In0.53 Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) is studied and shown to be greater than 3600 cm2/V middots. The removal of C it response in the split C-V measurement of these devices is crucial to the accurate analysis of these devices. Low-temperature split C-V can be used to freeze out the D it response to the ac signal but maintain its effect on the free carrier density through the substrate potential. Simulations that match this low-temperature data can then be ldquowarmed uprdquo to room temperature and an accurate measure of Q inv is achieved. These results confirm the fundamental performance advantages of In0.53Ga0.47As MOSFETs.
The OASIS Project: Novel Approaches to Using STD Surveillance Data

This supplemental issue of Public Health Reports presents a selection of innovative strategies designed and implemented between 1998 and 2005 to enhance the ability of public health officials to use surveillance data to monitor and respond to the epidemic of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. These strategies reflect the collaborative efforts of the Outcome Assessment through Systems of Integrated Surveillance (OASIS) Project workgroup, a group of public health STD epidemiologists from local and state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Many of the challenges encountered in the surveillance of STDs are similar to those encountered in the surveillance and investigation of other diseases, and many of the solutions presented in this supplemental issue are generalizable to the public health practice of epidemiologists working with other diseases.
Neandertal clavicle length

The Late Pleistocene archaic humans from western Eurasia (the Neandertals) have been described for a century as exhibiting absolutely and relatively long clavicles. This aspect of their body proportions has been used to distinguish them from modern humans, invoked to account for other aspects of their anatomy and genetics, used in assessments of their phylogenetic polarities, and used as evidence for Late Pleistocene population relationships. However, it has been unclear whether the usual scaling of Neandertal clavicular lengths to their associated humeral lengths reflects long clavicles, short humeri, or both. Neandertal clavicle lengths, along with those of early modern humans and latitudinally diverse recent humans, were compared with both humeral lengths and estimated body masses (based on femoral head diameters). The Neandertal do have long clavicles relative their humeri, even though they fall within the ranges of variation of early and recent humans. However, when scaled to body masses, their humeral lengths are relatively short, and their clavicular lengths are indistinguishable from those of Late Pleistocene and recent modern humans. The few sufficiently complete Early Pleistocene Homo clavicles seem to have relative lengths also well within recent human variation. Therefore, appropriately scaled clavicular length seems to have varied little through the genus Homo, and it should not be used to account for other aspects of Neandertal biology or their phylogenetic status.
An Atypical Case of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Predominant Gastrointestinal Involvement, Intact Renal Function, and C5b-9 Deposition in Colon and Skin

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is one of the prototypic thrombotic microangiopathies which arises from a genetically-based defect in the regulatory control of the alternate complement cascade. Although its cause is distinct, it shares a similar clinical presentation with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with respect to its pattern of organ involvement, with most cases including the renal, central nervous, and gastrointestinal systems. Renal dysfunction in aHUS is generally recognized as a clinical hallmark of the disease. We report a unique case of aHUS in a 71-year-old female highlighted by predominant effect on the gastrointestinal system concurrent with preservation of renal function and histopathologically-proven involvement of skin. J Hematol. 2015;4(3):193-195 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jh205w
IGF-I stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in the awake rat: permissive role of insulin and amino acids

Infusion of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) lowers plasma amino acid and insulin concentrations, which may limit the capacity of IGF-I to promote muscle protein synthesis in vivo. We measured heart and skeletal muscle incorporation of continuously infused L-[ring-2,6-3H]phenylalanine in awake postabsorptive rats receiving 4-h intravenous infusions of saline (n = 11), IGF-I (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) with (n = 10) or without (n = 11) amino acid replacement, or IGF-I with insulin replacement (n = 8). There were no significant increases in muscle protein synthesis during the infusion of IGF-I alone, which was associated with decreases in both plasma insulin (52 +/- 5%, P < 0.001) and amino acids (25 +/- 5%, P < 0.05). When IGF-I was given together with amino acids, protein synthesis was significantly increased in gastrocnemius (4.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.3%/day, P < 0.001), oblique (4.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.4%/day, P < 0.05), and soleus (8.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 6.4 +/- 0.3%/day, P < 0.01) and tended to be higher than saline control values in heart (10.9 +/- 0.9 vs. 8.8 +/- 0.7%/day, P = 0.08). Amino acid replacement prevented plasma concentrations from falling and also blunted the decline in plasma insulin (22 +/- 5%, P < 0.01 vs. IGF-I alone). When IGF-I and insulin replacement were given, protein synthesis was increased in heart (13.0 +/- 0.6%/day), gastrocnemius (4.7 +/- 0.4%/day), and oblique (4.5 +/- 0.4%/day) (P < 0.001 for each, compared with saline). We conclude that the action of IGF-I to acutely stimulate muscle protein synthesis in the awake rat is limited by the fall in circulating insulin and/or amino acid concentrations that accompanies IGF-I infusion in vivo and is prevented by co-infusion of insulin or amino acids.
Marriage or Liberation?: Reflections on Two Strategies in the Struggle for Lesbian and Gay Rights and Relationship Recognition

This article considers whether the lesbian and gay rights movement has, over the past twenty years, put the proper emphasis on access to marriage for same-sex couples. In a pair of important essays written in 1989, Stoddard and Ettelbrick, two prominent lawyers working for the premier gay rights organization of the time, took opposing sides on the importance of marriage in the quest for equal rights for sexual-orientation minorities. Stoddard advocated working toward full access to marriage for same-sex couples, while Ettelbrick viewed marriage skeptically, advocating instead for alternatives to marriage and the reformulation of existing legal structures for families. This article looks back on these two essays and argues that these two seemingly oppositional approaches in fact have been complementary — together they are responsible for the dramatic legal, political, and social changes surrounding same-sex relationships in the United States. In surveying the current same-sex relationship recognition landscape, the article finds considerable progress not only in the realm of same-sex marriage, but also in that of alternative forms of recognition, including domestic partnerships, civil unions, and reciprocal beneficiaries. The article concludes that the dichotomy between Stoddard’s and Ettelbrick’s positions is a false one because the movement for LGBT rights has more to gain by embracing both than by choosing one.
Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Interstitial Cell of Cajal: From Bench to Bedside I. Functional development and plasticity of interstitial cells of Cajal networks

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells in gastrointestinal (GI) muscles. They also mediate or transduce inputs from enteric motor nerves to the smooth muscle syncytium. What is k...
Communicating oil spill science

The Center for the Integrated Modeling and Analysis of the Gulf Ecosystem I and II (C-IMAGE I and II) are two of fourteen centers funded by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) investigating the short- and long-term impacts of submarine oil spills on the Gulf of Mexico Ecosystem. C-IMAGE researchers represent twenty institutions from six countries while having expertise in all oceanographic disciplines. Incorporating strong field, laboratory, and modeling components in C-IMAGE research allows opportunities for a variety of engaging education and outreach activities. Since 2011, CIMAGE has produced seven podcasts, hosted eight Teachers At Sea which included Skype ship to-shore sessions, presented new discoveries to the public at localized venues, and broadened its reach using partnerships at Public Radio International (PRI), the Public Radio Exchange (PRX), GoMRI, and SeaGrant. This paper describes C-IMAGE's outreach efforts in detail while providing a look ahead to activities planned over the next three years.
Crack healing in nanocrystalline palladium

Abstract We present molecular dynamics simulations that demonstrate crack healing induced by external mechanical loading in three-dimensional models of nanocrystalline palladium. This behavior is due to the interaction of a crack with internal stresses in the surrounding microstructure. Our observations illustrate the importance of accounting for microstructurally-induced internal stresses when predicting the behavior of nano-scale cracks under mechanical loading. They also motivate further work to determine whether internal damage in hard matter may be mitigated by designing microstructures that heal cracks during mechanical loading.