cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Free vibration response of two-dimensional magneto-electro-elastic laminated plates

Abstract An approximate solution for the free vibration problem of two-dimensional magneto-electro-elastic laminates is presented to determine their fundamental behavior. The laminates are composed of linear homogeneous elastic, piezoelectric, or magnetostrictive layers with perfect bonding between each interface. The solution for the elastic displacements, electric potential, and magnetic potential is obtained by combining a discrete layer approach with the Ritz method. The model developed here is not dependent on specific boundary conditions, and it is presented as an alternative to the exact or analytical approaches which are limited to a very specific set of edge conditions. The natural frequencies and through-thickness modal behavior are computed for simply supported and cantilever laminates. Solutions for the simply supported case are compared with the known exact solution for piezoelectric laminates, and excellent agreement is obtained. The present approach is also validated by comparing the natural frequencies of a two-layer cantilever plate with known analytical solution and with results obtained using commercial finite element software.
Sorbic acid as a quantitative probe for the formation, scavenging and steady-state concentrations of the triplet-excited state of organic compounds.

Sorbic acid (trans,trans-hexadienoic acid) was developed as a probe for the quantification of the formation rate, overall solution scavenging rate and steady-state concentrations of triplet-excited states of organic compounds. The method was validated against literature data for the quenching rate constant of triplet benzophenone by tyrosine obtained by laser flash photolysis and by Stern–Volmer plots of phosphorescence quenching. In contrast to these methods, the probe method does not require knowledge of the optical properties of triplets to monitor their quenching. Moreover, the probe method permits simultaneous quantification of triplet formation, quenching and steady-state concentrations during illumination of complex chromophore mixtures, such as natural organic matter (NOM), with polychromatic light >315 nm. Application of the method to de-aerated Suwannee River NOM illuminated with polychromatic light (315–430 nm) resulted in a triplet quantum yield of 0.062.
Advances in Optical Coherence Tomography: Frequency-domain Technology and Applications

Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography, using rapidly-swept tunable lasers, offers dramatically-improved imaging speeds and opens up new applications such as comprehensive microscopy in living patients. This talk reviews these recent advances.
Objective Diagnosis of Binary Tropical Cyclone Interactions forthe Western North Pacific Basin

Abstract Objective criteria for distinguishing among three modes of binary tropical cyclone (TC) interactions (TCI) are defined and tested with an eight-year sample of western North Pacific TCs. These objective criteria lead to an approximate 4:1 ratio of hits to misses of the subjectively assigned TCIs. False alarm rates of approximately 20% are also found, which indicate that similar track deflections may occur for other reasons, and the objective identifications must still be carefully validated by a forecaster.
Debunking revisionist understandings of environmental cooperative federalism: collective action responses to air pollution

The federal Clean Air Act initiated Congress's venture into cooperative environmental federalism in 1970. Forty-five years later, misconceptions about the nature of that venture (and similar examples of cooperative federalism under other federal environmental statutes) persist. In particular, some recent judicial decisions characterize environmental cooperative federalism as an equal partnership between the federal Environmental Protection Agency and the states. They also take umbrage at efforts by EPA to override state policies and initiatives that fail to conform to the minimum responsibilities that the statutes impose on the states, characterizing them as unlawful affronts to state sovereignty.This chapter argues that the CAA was never designed to be an equal partnership. The Act's text, structure, and legislative history demonstrate clearly that Congress chose to put EPA at the helm, and that it did so out of concern that collective action problems such as transboundary externalities, diseconomies of scale, and the race to the bottom could only be overcome if the federal government held the upper hand in the regulatory partnership created to promote air quality improvement. It argues that an accurate application of the cooperative federalism model actually established under the CAA is imperative for the successful implementation and enforcement of the statute’s programs and goals for both criteria air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
Personality Correlates of Innovative Buying Behavior: A Reply:

multiple group discriminant analysis the reverse is true: the criterion score is not entered into the data matrix, but category membership is [7, p. 89]. It is true that the coefficients of the two group discriminant function can be determined by means of multiple regression. That is, one could use an artificial criterion variable (composed of zeroes and ones) and compute the multiple regression weights of the predictors on the artificial criterion. The weights resulting from this would be proportional to those in a two-group discriminant function computed from the same data, because the two techniques are statistically identical in structure. It would not be appropriate, however, to handle the multiple-group case with multiple regression, since the criterion cannot be represented as a single variable.
A Generic Framework for Spacecraft GN&C Emulation: Performing a Lunar-like Hop on the Earth

A generic Rapid Integration and Test Framework is developed to provide a systematic method of mating a suite of spacecraft guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) algorithms onto a test vehicle that the algorithms were not specically designed for. The GNC algorithms to be tested can expect dierent sensors and actuators than are present on the test vehicle. The GNC algorithms can expect to be operated in a dierent environment than the test vehicle operates in. The framework wrapped around the GNC algorithms accounts for dierences in sensor and actuator hardware between the test vehicle and algorithm design. A specic test case of the framework will be implemented using a joint MIT and Draper Laboratory test vehicle designed to emulate a Lunar lander with the capability to traverse small distances by hopping. Hopping GNC algorithms designed for use in a Lunar environment will be implemented on the Earth-based test vehicle through a rapid software integration procedure. The framework will removed Earth-based disturbances such as aerodynamic drag from the system.
Supply of Funds for Minimum Subsistence Guarantee System of China's Rural Residents and Its Supervision

The minimum subsistence guarantee system of China's rural residents is the last safety net of rural community and its funds are the most critical factor of its system construction.Judging from the money supply,the supply volume and coverage are growing year by year;the subject of the supply is shared by the central and local government mutually;the supply channel is mainly categorized by the local government and the central government,meanwhile the social funds are warmly welcomed.From regulatory capital perspective,the government should be more efficient to use funds,to run operational procedures and to implement the regulation,while the legislative branches,executive branches and social factors are taken into account,in order to strengthen government supervision responsibilities so that rural residents benefit from it.
Development of research on the relationship between miRNAs and breast cancer

miRNAs are endogenous,non-coding small RNAs that play an important role in the many biological processes including cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and ontogeny.miRNAs can promote the occurrence and advance of the breast cancer by upregulation the expression of miRNAs in breast cancer.Detection of circulating miRNAs may become non-invasive,effective biomarkers to diagnose the breast cancer.miRNAs also related to the sensitivity to anticancer drugs,and miRNAs would become a potential therapeutic target of the breast cancer.
Use of Protein Cages as a Template for Confined Synthesis of Inorganic and Organic Nanoparticles

Protein cages are hollow spherical proteins assembled from a defined number of subunits. Because they are extremely homogeneous in size and structure, their interior cavities can serve as ideal templates to encapsulate and synthesize well-defined nanoparticles. Here, we describe the exemplary synthesis of a hard and a soft material in two representative protein cages, i.e., magnetite nanoparticles in ferritin and a poly(2-aminoethyl)methacrylate inside a viral capsid derived from the bacteriophage P22.
Abstract 1305:In vitroanalysis of T cells effector vs regulatory function in patients with metastatic melanoma and its correlation to patient outcome

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Back ground: Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive tumor of the epidermal melanocytes with high mortality rates in patients. The anti- melanoma immune response has been extensively studied while immune based treatment strategies are showing promising activity in melanoma patients. A number of immune characteristics are evaluated as predictive and prognostic biomarker. Methods: With approval from Institution's regulatory board, we analyzed T cells from peripheral blood of 12 metastatic melanoma patients for baseline frequency of T cells reacting against melanoma related Mart-1 27-35 epitope. We expanded CD 8+ T lymphocytes by exposing them to the Mart-127-35 epitope pulsed on autologous mononuclear cell derived antigen presenting cells ex vivo. Using magnetic bead separation techniques, we also isolated from the peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ (naturally occurring Treg) and CD4+CD25- cells and analyzed in vitro proliferation of CD4+CD25- T cells in response to anti CD3 antibody and PHA and analyzed the effects of CD4+CD25+ cells on their proliferation. Finally, we induced CD4+ T cells into Th1 or Th2 type responses and analyzed their function in vitro. Results: There was variable degrees of CD8+effector T lymphocytes responses to the antigens in in vitro cultures from all the patients studied and their cytokine profile noted. The percentage of nTreg activity in the PBL averaged about 5% that demonstrated suppression of the CD4+CD25- T cells proliferation in response to anti CD3 antibody in about 50% of patients, but lacked suppression activity in about 50% of the patients. It was possible to generate Th1 type cells from all the patients but generation of the Th2 type cells was limited to 50%. Favorable immune characteristics were observed in majority of the patients who are responding to the treatment. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in vitro functional T cell immune characteristics could be examined in patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma. Examination of these characteristics in larger number of patients diagnosed with melanoma might provide predictive marker for immune intervention. Citation Format: Upendra P. Hegde, Sidharth S. Jha, Nitya G. Chakraborty. In vitro analysis of T cells effector vs regulatory function in patients with metastatic melanoma and its correlation to patient outcome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1305. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1305
253 : IL-36 induces inflammation and collagen deposition in the lung

IL-36 α , IL-36β and IL-36g are members of the IL-1 family of cytokines which bind to the IL-36R leading to recruitment of the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) to initiate signal transduction. IL-36Ra is a natural antagonist of IL-36 and mutations in the IL-36Ra gene have been shown to be causative for a severe form of psoriasis, generalized pustular psoriasis. IL-36 is believed to initiate an inflammatory loop in the skin and drive psoriasis pathogenesis. In addition to the skin, IL-36 and IL-36R are expressed in the lung. Intranasal delivery of IL-36 leads to rapid recruitment of neutrophils into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Upon longer term exposure, IL-36 administration leads to an accumulation of lymphocytes in addition to neutrophils and collagen deposition. To address which cell types are responsive to IL-36, we administered IL-36 intranasally and examined lungs for nuclear translocation of the NF-kB subunit p65. Intranasal IL-36 delivery results in NF-kB nuclear translocation in the bronchiolar epithelium, endothelium, and alveolar macrophages. In humans, the IL-36R is expressed by a number of cell types of interest in respiratory diseases including macrophages of the M0 and M2 subtype, but not M1, fibrocytes, bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts. IL-36 stimulation of these cells produces inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23 and TNF and upregulates expression of fibrotic pathway genes such as BMP2 and WNT5A from fibrocytes. Expression of IL-36 is induced in bronchial epithelial cells upon exposure to a number of stimuli including TGFβ, rhinovirus and smoke exposure which are highly relevant to pulmonary fibrosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, respectively. IL-36 can then act on fibroblasts, fibrocytes and macrophages to induce cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix proteins leading to recruitment of additional immune cells such as neutrophils and lymphocytes thereby amplifying the immune and fibrotic responses.
Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Affect and Smoking Craving in the Weeks Before and After a Cessation Attempt.

Author(s): Abrantes, Ana M; Farris, Samantha G; Minami, Haruka; Strong, David R; Riebe, Deborah; Brown, Richard A | Abstract: IntroductionAerobic exercise may improve smoking abstinence via reductions in craving and negative affect and increases in positive moods. Acute changes in craving and affect before and after structured exercise sessions have not been examined during the weeks prior to and following quit attempts nor has smoking status been examined in relation to these effects. Given that regular cigarette smoking can be perceived as affect enhancing and craving reducing, it is not known whether exercise could contribute additional affective benefit beyond these effects.MethodParticipants (N = 57; 68.4% women) were low-active daily smokers randomized to cessation treatments plus either group-based aerobic exercise (AE) or a health-education control (HEC). Mood, anxiety, and craving were assessed before and after each intervention session for each of the 12 weeks. Carbon monoxide (CO) breath samples ≤ 5ppm indicated smoking abstinence.ResultsDuring the prequit sessions, significantly greater decreases in anxiety following AE sessions relative to HEC sessions were observed. Changes in mood and craving were similar after AE and HEC sessions prior to quitting. Postquit attempt, significant reductions in craving and anxiety were observed after AE sessions but not following HEC. During the postquit period, positive mood increased following AE sessions relative to HEC only among individuals who were abstinence on that day.ConclusionsAE may be effective in acutely reducing anxiety prior to a quit attempt and both anxiety and craving following the quit attempt regardless of abstinence status. The mood-enhancing effects of AE may occur only in the context of smoking abstinence.ImplicationsThe current findings underscore the importance of examining the acute effects of aerobic exercise prior to and after a cessation attempt and as a function of smoking status. Given the equivocal results from previous studies on the efficacy of exercise for smoking cessation, increasing our understanding of how aerobic exercise produces its reinforcing benefits for smokers attempting to quit could potentially inform the refinement (e.g., timing/sequencing) of exercise interventions within smoking cessation programs.
Tools for Quantum and Reversible Circuit Compilation

We present tools for resource-aware compilation of higher-level, irreversible programs into lower-level, reversible circuits. Our main focus is on optimizing the memory footprint of the resulting reversible networks. We discuss a number of examples to illustrate our compilation strategy for problems at scale, including a reversible implementation of hash functions such as SHA-256, automatic generation of reversible integer arithmetic from irreversible descriptions, as well as a test-bench of Boolean circuits that is used by the classical Circuits and Systems community. Our main findings are that, when compared with Bennett’s original “compute-copy-uncompute”, it is possible to reduce the space complexity by 75% or more, at the price of having an only moderate increase in circuit size as well as in compilation time. Finally, we discuss some emerging new paradigms in quantum circuit synthesis, namely the use of dirty ancillas to save overall memory footprint, probabilistic protocols such as the RUS framework which can help to reduce the gate complexity of rotations, and synthesis methods for higher-dimensional quantum systems.
Rethinking the presumption of atheism

Is there—or rather, ought there to be—a presumption of atheism, as Antony Flew (1923–2010) so famously argued nearly half a century ago? It is time to revisit this issue. After clarifying the concept of a presumption of atheism (which includes clarifying the concept of a presumption), I take up the evaluative question of whether there ought to be a presumption of atheism, focusing on Flew’s arguments for an affirmative answer. I conclude that Flew’s arguments, one of which rests on an analogy with the (legal) presumption of innocence, fail.
Old-School Bullies at Hogwarts: The Pre-Victorian Roots of J. K. Rowling’s Depiction of Child-on-Child Violence

J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter books present child-on-child bullying in ways that echo its representation in pre-Victorian school stories. Like the school-based didactic texts published between 1749 and 1850, Rowling’s work presents bullies as “normal” children learning how to respond to differences among peers, and shows that bullying behaviour is a reflection of adult behaviours and attitudes in the post-school world. Most importantly, the Harry Potter series shows that both bullies and their victims become stronger and better functioning adults as a result of having worked through their conflicts in the school setting. Echoes of these earlier texts contribute to the complexity of Rowling’s work, and are another indication of the way that these books update older tropes to unite contemporary and traditional views of childhood.
The All-Girls Group: Listening to the Voices in Her Head

ABSTRACTPERSPECTIVES is a special feature included in this issue of the Journal of Creativity in Mental Health. This column provides mental health professionals with an opportunity to discuss their positions on a variety of creativity related topics. Here, Lawrence C. Rubin, Ph.D., ABPP, LMHC, RPT-S, professional counselor, play therapist, and professor of counseling education, shares his challenging, strength-based, popular-culture oriented, and non-pathologizing therapeutic journey with a client. Lawrence C. Rubin is the author and editor of numerous books on mental health including Popular Culture in Counseling, Psychotherapy, and Play-Based Interventions (2008). Most recently, the author worked on the Handbook of Medical Play Therapy and Child Life: Interventions in Clinical and Medical Settings (2017).
Update on Current Treatment of Acute Opioid Overdose

Opioid use, misuse, and abuse are now a rapidly evolving epidemic in the USA. This review aims to update changes in the dosing of naloxone, describe new strategies in prehospital management, and examine in more detail the diverse pathophysiology of opioids beyond respiratory depression. There are no comparative studies of old or new antidotes or procedures elucidating the superiority of one therapy. Abuse and misuse of over-the-counter loperamide and non-FDA approved tianeptine, using the herbal product kratom, and gambling with powerful fentanyl analogues are recent trends that will impact clinical care. The response to these new threats has resulted in excellent reviews, epidemiology, and case series which are commonly the only data available in the discipline of medical toxicology. The antidote naloxone is still first-line therapy to reverse respiratory depression from opioids. Larger and more frequent doses of naloxone may be necessary in the presence of potent fentanyl derivatives. In the hospital, other toxicities may need to be managed such as acute lung injury, seizures, cardiotoxicity, or serotonin toxicity. Therapy for each of these is dependent on attentive supportive care and a variety of antidotes.
Heat of Fusion of Crystalline Polypropylene by Volume Dilatometry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Heat of fusion measurements on stereoregular forms of polypropylene have been the subject of a great number of investigations. The techniques most commonly used have been volume dilatometry, specific heat, DTA, TGA, DSC, empirical calculations, and copolymer studies. Furthermore, the published values for the heat of fusion of isotactic polypropylene using these methods have ranged all the way from 15.5 to 62 cal./g. Thus, an accurate value of ΔHU for the hypothetical 100% crystalline polypropylene remains a subject of some uncertainty. The results of this work present information on a simultaneous study of identical samples using two of the techniques, namely, volume dilatometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The melting points of the pure homopolymer and binary mixtures of it with high purity transdecalin have been carefully determined in a series of dilatometers using mercury as the confining fluid. At the same time, a DSC technique has been employed to obtain the melting point depression as a function of the volume fraction of diluent. The Flory theory for melting point depression is applied to both data and results for ΔHU thus obtained are compared to other estimates based on crystallinity calculated from density measurements and the actual heat of melting for the semi-crystalline samples.
Estrogens, Progestins, and Risk of Breast Cancer

Obesity is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women but an increased risk in postmenopausal women, an effect that increases with time since menopause. Analysis of these effects of obesity shows that there is a ceiling to the carcinogenic effect of estrogen on the breast; increases in nonsex hormone-binding globulin-bound estradiol (non-SHBG bound E2) exceeding approximately 10.2 pg/ml have no further effect on breast cancer risk; this ceiling is lower than the lowest level seen during the menstrual cycle. This suggests that the effects of menopausal estrogen therapy (ET) and menopausal estrogen–progestin therapy (EPT) on a woman's breast cancer risk will greatly depend on her body mass index (BMI; weight in kilograms/height in meters squared, kg/m2) with the largest effects being in slender women. Epidemiological studies confirm this prediction. Our best estimates, per 5 years of use, of the effects of ET on breast cancer risk is a 30% increase in a woman with a BMI of 20 kg/m2 decreasing to an 8% increase in a woman with a BMI of 30 kg/m2; the equivalent figures for EPT are 50% and 26%. The analysis of the effects of estrogen also shows that even reducing the dose of estrogen in ET and EPT by as much as a half will have little or no effect on these risks. Reducing the progestin dose is likely to significantly reduce the risk of EPT: this is possible with an endometrial route of administration.
ISR-Brain Machine Intelligence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems

This paper presents a system for extrapolating knowledge and classification rules from existing ISR FMV and creating an ISR-Brain. As combat operations have grown to depend upon assured, live ISR support during operations, US forces are presented with formidable challenges to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities with existing ISR systems. The common challenge being the variance at which advances in commercial and academic AI are deployed compared to rate of speed that innovative AI systems are developed and utilized in military domains. ISR, USAF and SOCOM need to develop a means to seamlessly integrate military and commercial state-of-the-art systems. The ISR-Brain presented will be capable of converting classifiers in existing ISR FMV to machine learning rules for real time ISR sensor, multi-source, multi-enclave data and adaptable with ongoing research efforts with A2, SOCOM, JIEDO, MITRE and Project MAVEN to develop and test and ISR-Brain to enable the system to integrate with all ISR sensors and predict future Troops in Contact events (TIC) and IED events.
Examining Female Membership and Leadership of Legislative Committees in Jordan

The recent increase in female political representation in the parliaments of the Middle East and North Africa has prompted significant interest among scholars and policymakers. While research examining the dynamics of women’s numerical presence has proliferated, studies examining the role of female legislators within these bodies remain scarce. To bridge this gap, this chapter focuses on one of the most understudied aspects in MENA’s legislatures: female committee assignments. We are particularly interested in understanding the dynamics of female deputies’ committee leadership and membership in the Jordanian lower chamber. This chapter analyzes variations in women’s committee assignments since the introduction of the gender quota in 2003 using original legislative data supplemented by qualitative interviews and legislator-level data.
The US CDC Global AIDS Program in China

The China-US Cooperation-Global AIDS Program (GAP) was a strategic technical collaboration program jointly implemented by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. This program developed, piloted, launched, and evaluated a broad range of projects supporting national and local HIV prevention and control programs; evidence-based decision-making; strengthening systems and capacity at national, provincial, and local levels; prioritizing high-risk geographic areas and populations; developing innovative approaches for scale-up; answering important scientific questions that can be most effectively answered in China but also with global implications for the HIV response; and increasing China’s engagement with the global public health community and sharing critical lessons learned. A productive working relationship with well-conceived models, a results-based activity implementation plan, and proper linkage to the domestic policy process has made a significant contribution to HIV control and prevention in China.
A Boosting-Based Intelligent Model for Stencil Cleaning Prediction in Surface Mount Technology

Abstract This research proposes a stencil cleaning decision-making model in surface mount technology. Stencil cleaning is a critical process that influences the quality and efficiency of printing circuit boards. Stencil cleaning operation depends on various process variables, such as printing speed, printing pressure, and aperture shape. The objective of this research is to develop an intelligent model to guide stencil cleaning decision-making to reduce process defects. The stencil cleaning process is considered as a sequential detection problem in this study. Based on quality measures of printed historical boards, such as solder paste volume and the number of defects, a novel feature space is proposed by considering both short-term and long-term process trend. A gradient boosting model is applied to make the stencil cleaning decision. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, different scenarios are designed in the experimental test. State-of-art data mining models are also compared to the proposed cleaning decision-making model. Experimental results show that the proposed boosting-based intelligent model outperforms other models and can effectively provide the cleaning suggestion even the board design is changed in the future.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Experienced Clinician Workforce Capacity: Urban–Rural Disparities in the Southern United States

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-experienced clinicians are critical for positive outcomes along the HIV care continuum. However, access to HIV-experienced clinicians may be limited, particularly in nonmetropolitan areas, where HIV is increasing. We examined HIV clinician workforce capacity, focusing on HIV experience and urban-rural differences, in the Southern United States. METHODS We used Medicaid claims and clinician characteristics (Medicaid Analytic eXtract [MAX] and MAX Provider Characteristics, 2009-2011), county-level rurality (National Center for Health Statistics, 2013), and diagnosed HIV cases (AIDSVu, 2014) to assess HIV clinician capacity in 14 states. We assumed that clinicians accepting Medicaid approximated the region's HIV workforce, since three-quarters of clinicians accept Medicaid insurance. HIV-experienced clinicians were defined as those providing care to ≥ 10 Medicaid enrollees over 3 years. We assessed HIV workforce capacity with county-level clinician-to-population ratios, using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests to compare urban-rural differences. RESULTS We identified 5012 clinicians providing routine HIV management, of whom 28% were HIV-experienced. HIV-experienced clinicians were more likely to specialize in infectious diseases (48% vs 6%, P < .001) and practice in urban areas (96% vs 83%, P < .001) compared to non-HIV-experienced clinicians. The median clinician-to-population ratio for all HIV clinicians was 13.3 (interquartile range, 38.0), with no significant urban-rural differences. When considering HIV experience, 81% of counties had no HIV-experienced clinicians, and rural counties generally had fewer HIV-experienced clinicians per 1000 diagnosed HIV cases (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Significant urban-rural disparities exist in HIV-experienced workforce capacity for communities in the Southern United States. Policies to improve equity in access to HIV-experienced clinical care for both urban and rural communities are urgently needed.
Topological Learning for Semi-Supervised Anomaly Detection in Hyperspectral Imagery

Herein, we develop a probabilistic methodology that enables the application of semi-supervised learning over a data architecture for knowledge representation. The data architecture, proposed here, is known as the Topological Hierarchal Decomposition (THD) and is derived from the use of topological compression to decompose data into subsets of increasing attribute similarity. We demonstrate the use of the THD and a probabilistic model for interrogating the THD for object detection in hyperspectral imagery. In particular, we develop a classifier to identify objects that share similar topological attributes with a training reference object.
Relationship Between Acute Physical Fatigue and Cognitive Function During Orthostatic Challenge in Men and Women: A Neuroergonomics Investigation:

BackgroundPostflight orthostatic challenge (OC), resulting from blood pooling in lower extremities, is a major health concern among astronauts that fly long-duration missions. Additionally, astrona...
Trends of Opioid Use Disorder and Associated Factors in Hospitalized Patients With Arthritis.

Introduction Opioid use was primarily limited to acute pain, postsurgical care, and end of life care setting but now is the most prescribed medication for chronic pain. Arthritis is a chronic disease associated with chronic pain. Given limited options for pain relief in the patient population, these patients are often prescribed opioids and are at increased risk of opioid use disorder (OUD). Therefore, our study aimed to identify factors associated with OUD in patients with arthritis. Methods We analyzed hospitalized adult patients with arthritis with and without OUD using discharge data from National Inpatient Sample (NIS) over five years from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014. We looked at trends of OUD in hospitalized patients with arthritis and compared demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without OUD using Student's t-test and chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was also used to adjust for variables. Results A total of 21,396,252 arthritis hospitalizations were identified during the five-year study period among which 227,608 had OUD. The prevalence of OUD in arthritis hospitalization increased over the five-year period by 43%. After adjusting for other variables, mental health (OR 2.50 (2.43-2.58)), and substance use (OR 6.39 (6.14-6.66)) disorders were associated with increased odds of OUD. Conclusion The prevalence of OUD among patients with arthritis increased over the five-year study period. Mental health and substance use disorders were associated with increased odds of OUD. More studies are needed to explore alternative pain management options for arthritis patients particularly in those with mental health and substance use disorders.
Pollen Tube Guidance: Growing straight through walls

The pollen tube in a flowering plant grows in a direction that is influenced by the mechanical properties of the stigma papillae and the organization of structures called cortical microtubules inside these cells.
Qualitative Robust Bayesianism and the Likelihood Principle

We argue that the likelihood principle (LP) and weak law of likelihood (LL) generalize naturally to settings in which experimenters are justified only in making comparative, non-numerical judgments of the form "$A$ given $B$ is more likely than $C$ given $D$." To do so, we first \emph{formulate} qualitative analogs of those theses. Then, using a framework for qualitative conditional probability, just as the characterizes when all Bayesians (regardless of prior) agree that two pieces of evidence are equivalent, so a qualitative/non-numerical version of LP provides sufficient conditions for agreement among experimenters' whose degrees of belief satisfy only very weak "coherence" constraints. We prove a similar result for LL. We conclude by discussing the relevance of results to stopping rules.
Effect of a high value care curriculum on standardized patient exam in the Core Clerkship in Internal Medicine.

With almost 20% unnecessary spending on healthcare, there has been increasing interest in high value care defined as the best care for the patient, with the optimal result for the circumstances, delivered at the right price. The American Association of Medical Colleges recommend that medical students are proficient in concepts of cost-effective clinical practice by graduation, thus leading to curricula on high value care. However little is published on the effectiveness of these curricula on medical students’ ability to practice high value care. In addition to the standard curriculum, the intervention group received two classroom sessions and three virtual patients focused on the concepts of high value care. The primary outcome was number of tests and charges for tests on standardized patients. 136 students enrolled in the Core Clerkship in Internal Medicine and 70 completed the high value care curriculum. There were no significant differences in ordering of appropriate tests (3.1 vs. 3.2 tests/students, p = 0.55) and inappropriate tests (1.8 vs. 2.2, p = 0.13) between the intervention and control. Students in the intervention group had significantly lower median Medicare charges ($287.59 vs. $500.86, p = 0.04) and felt their education in high value care was appropriate (81% vs. 56%, p = 0.02). This is the first study to describe the impact of a high value care curriculum on medical students’ ordering practices. While number of inappropriate tests was not significantly different, students in the intervention group refrained from ordering expensive tests.
Helga Crane’s camera obscura: Nella Larsen, Garbo’s face, and the modernist longing for plot

Through an examination of Nella Larsen’s repeated viewings of George Cukor’s 1936 film Camille, this paper argues that we must understand modernism’s troubling of realist Bildung within the context...
Kant on Self-Knowledge and Self-Formation: The Nature of Inner Experience

As the pre-eminent Enlightenment philosopher, Kant famously calls on all humans to make up their own minds, independently from the constraints imposed on them by others. Kant's focus, however, is on universal human reason, and he tells us little about what makes us individual persons. In this book, Katharina T. Kraus explores Kant's distinctive account of psychological personhood by unfolding how, according to Kant, we come to know ourselves as such persons. Drawing on Kant's Critical works and on his Lectures and Reflections, Kraus develops the first textually comprehensive and systematically coherent account of our capacity for what Kant calls 'inner experience'. The novel view of self-knowledge and self-formation in Kant that she offers addresses present-day issues in philosophy of mind and will be relevant for contemporary philosophical debates. It will be of interest to scholars of the history of philosophy, as well as of philosophy of mind and psychology.
Partial Purification of Peroxiredoxin-2 From Porcine Skeletal Muscle

Fresh meat quality is adversely affected by protein oxidation. However, a fundamental understanding of the diverse factors that influence protein oxidation in postmortem muscle remains elusive. Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prdx2), an antioxidant protein, is more abundant in tough meat based on instrumental tenderness; however, the role of Prdx2 in postmortem skeletal muscle is unknown. Therefore, the objective was to develop a method to purify Prdx2 from the diaphragm, psoas major, and longissimus lumborum. Proteins soluble at low ionic strength were extracted, dialyzed, clarified, and loaded onto a Q-Sepharose anion exchange column equilibrated with TEM (pH 7.4). In all preparations, Prdx2 eluted between about 75 and 115 mM NaCl. Immunoreactive fractions were dialyzed against TEM (pH 8.0), clarified, and loaded onto a DEAE-650S anion exchange column. In all preparations, Prdx2 eluted between approximately 55 and 75 mM NaCl. Immunoreactive fractions were concentrated and loaded onto a Superose-12 size exclusion column. Prdx2 was detected between 14 and 16 mL, and these fractions were concentrated and reduced with 0.5% 2-mercaptoethanol. A final pass over the Superose-12 column was conducted, and Prdx2 was detected in 2 peaks from 11–12 mL and 15–16 mL. Fractions 15–16 were pooled and retained for further experiments. The elution profile of Prdx2 in all 3 muscles was similar. The iden- tification of the primary protein was confirmed with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The purity of Prdx2 off the final Superose-12 column was approximately 33%, 52%, and 47% pure in the diaphragm, psoas major, and longissimus lumborum, respectively. This is the first report of a method to partially purify Prdx2 from skeletal muscle.
Research on Security Situation Analysis and Intelligent Disposal Technology of Edge Side Area

This paper expounds that network security situation awareness is an important means and key development direction of protecting key information infrastructure and important information system. This paper comprehensively studies the technical status of network security situation awareness system at home and abroad, analyzes the main functions and key technologies of network security situation awareness system, such as network security data source collection, data analysis, network situation assessment, network threat assessment and network situation prediction, and concludes that the future development trend of network security situation awareness system is to deeply integrate big data and artificial intelligence technology, Its infrastructure should be dynamically scalable and provide accurate prediction and defense disposal recommendations. This paper has a good guiding significance for the research and development, construction, evaluation and supervision of network security situation awareness system.
A phase II study of sequential decitabine and rapamycin in acute myelogenous leukemia.

Abstract A phase II study was conducted to ascertain whether sequential exposure to decitabine followed by rapamycin, an mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) inhibitor would result in better responses than decitabine alone. Newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients who were >65 years old and not eligible for intensive induction regimens or patients with relapsed or refractory AML received 10 days of decitabine followed by 12 days of rapamycin in cycle 1 and 5 days of decitabine followed by 17 days of rapamycin in subsequent cycles. The composite complete remission rate (CR) was 33 % (CR plus CR with incomplete count recovery). Median overall survival was 7.7 months in newly diagnosed elderly AML patients and 6.6 months in relapsed/refractory AML patients. Twenty-four evaluable patients were enrolled, and the study did not meet its primary endpoint of demonstrating a significant improvement in composite CR rate with the combination as compared to an established historical CR rate of 25 % with decitabine alone. Despite that, the survival rates in relapsed/refractory cases appear comparable to what is reported with other salvage regimens, and no significant patterns of non-hematologic toxicity were noted. 50 % of subjects in the de novo group achieved a composite CR which is significantly higher (p = 0.02) than the rate of 25 % with decitabine alone. This trial is registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT02109744.
Paracyclophanes I: [2+2]cycloaddition of Ethylenes

This chapter presents the first of two studies of photochemical reaction dynamics. The first section reviews the fundamental issue related to studying bimolecular reactions with fs time-resolution. This is followed by a presentation of the time-resolved investigation of the [2+2]cycloaddition reaction, which was published in Ref. II. The experiments were carried out on the magnetic bottle spectrometer in Ottawa (Sect. 6.2.2 xx). Readers interested in specific experimental parameters not mentioned in this thesis are referred to the paper.
SUB-CRITICAL TRANSMUTATION REACTORS WITH TOKAMAK FUSION NEUTRON SOURCES BASED ON ITER PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY

A series of design scoping and fuel cycle studies for sub-critical fast transmutation reactors driven by tokamak fusion neutron sources has been carried out to determine if the requirements on the tokamak neutron sources are compatible with the fusion physics and technology design database that will exist after the operation of ITER and to determine if there is a significant advantage in fuel cycle flexibility due to sub-critical operation that would justify the additional cost and complexity of a fusion neutron source. The fast reactor technologies are based on reactor concepts being developed in the DoE Generation-IV and Advanced Fuel Cycle initiatives.
Envy quotes and the iterated core-selecting combinatorial auction

Using a model of agent behavior based around envy-reducing strategies, we describe an iterated combinatorial auction in which the allocation and prices converge to a solution in the core of the agents' true valuations. In each round of the iterative auction mechanism, agents act on envy quotes produced by the mechanism: hints that suggest the prices of the bundles they are interested in. We describe optimal methods of generating envy quotes for two different core-selecting mechanisms. Prior work on core-selecting combinatorial auctions has required agents to have perfect information about every agent's valuations to achieve a solution in the core. In contrast, here a core solution is reached even in the private information setting.
Transistor aging and reliability in 14nm tri-gate technology

This paper details the transistor aging and gate oxide reliability of Intel's 14nm process technology. This technology introduces Intel's 2nd generation tri-gate transistor and the 4th generation of high-κ dielectrics and metal-gate electrodes. The reliability metrics reported here highlight reliability gains attained through transistor optimizations as well as intrinsic challenges from device scaling.
World image matching as a technique for degraded text recognition

A technique is presented that determines equivalences between word images in a passage of text. A clustering procedure is applied to group visually similar words. Initial hypotheses for the identities of words are then generated by matching the word groups to language statistics that predict the frequency at which certain words will occur. This is followed by a recognition step that assigns identifications to the images in the clusters. This paper concentrates on the clustering algorithm. A clustering technique is presented and its performance on a running text of 1062 word images is determined. It is shown that the clustering algorithm can correctly locate groups of short function words with better than a 95 percent correct rate. >
Synthesis and characterization of [N‐methyl‐3H]loperamide

Loperamide is a piperidine butyramide mu-opiate receptor agonist and currently employed to treat diarrhea. Because a single past report of tritiating loperamide was limited to only a very low specific activity product without technical details or extensive analysis, the synthesis of [N-methyl-(3)H]loperamide at high specific activity is now described in detail. An imine precursor was alkylated with [(3)H]methyl iodide to obtain a quaternary intermediate, which was then reacted with 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine to afford the desired product [N-methyl-(3)H]loperamide, characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPLC, MS, UV, and proton-decoupled tritium NMR.
Principles of Leading Change: An Inductive Analysis from Post-Katrina New Orleans

Despite over forty years of research on theories of educational change, little is known of the change theories-in-use of school-based administrators, often tasked with implementing externally imposed reform mandates. Capitalizing on the unique case of post-Katrina schooling, this qualitative study examines the ways in which ten principals spoke about leading change in their schools. In a city where the district has been almost wholly decentralized, these principals are not implementing changes decided upon by superiors, but have significant autonomy in their choice of change goals and change processes. Despite rarely finding unitary theories of change in the words of New Orleans' school leaders, six principles of leading change were identified: collaboration, community connections, generating public support, meeting student needs, setting goals and meeting them, and improving instruction. Conclusions are drawn about leading change at the school-site level, and implications for leader preparation and support are also included.