cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
User Content Generation and Usage Behavior on the Mobile Internet: AnEmpirical Analysis

We quantify how user mobile Internet usage relates to unique characteristics of the mobile Internet. In particular, we focus on examining how the mobile-phone based content generation behavior of users relates to content usage behavior. The key objective is to analyze whether there is a positive or negative interdependence between the two activities. We use a unique panel dataset that consists of individual-level mobile Internet usage data that encompasses individual multimedia content generation and usage behavior. We combine this knowledge with data on user calling patterns, such as duration, frequency, and locations from where calls are placed to construct their social network and to compute their geographical mobility. We build an individual-level simultaneous equation panel data model that controls for the different sources of endogeneity of the social network. We find that there is a negative and statistically significant temporal interdependence between content generation and usage. This finding implies that an increase in content usage in the previous period has a negative impact on content generation in the current period and vice versa. The marginal effect of this interdependence is stronger on content usage (up to 8.7%) than on content generation (up to 4.3%). The extent of geographical mobility of users has a positive effect on their mobile Internet activities. Users more frequently engage in content usage compared to content generation when they are traveling. In addition, the variance of user mobility has a stronger impact on their mobile Internet activities than does the mean. We also find that the social network has a strong positive effect on user behavior in the mobile Internet. These analyses unpack the mechanisms that stimulate user behavior on the mobile Internet. Implications for shaping user mobile Internet usage behavior are discussed.
Adapting Globus and Kerberos for a Secure ASCI Grid

Porting a complex secure application from one security infrastructure to another is often difficult or impractical. Grid security associated with the Globus toolkit is supported by a Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI) based on a Public Key Infrastructure where users authenticate to the grid using X509 certificates. Kerberos security is based on a trusted third party, secret key infrastructure where users authenticate using encrypted tickets. However, both GSI and Kerberos provide a Generic Security Services Application Program Interface (GSSAPI) for source code portability. We describe the porting of our Globus system from GSI security to Kerberos V5 security, and the Kerberos modifications necessary to achieve that portability. Our case study provides details and insights that will be of value to developers and designers interested in GSSAPI portability. We conclude, based on our results, that designers of network security software should strive to accommodate the GSSAPI.
Calorimetry of Plant Respiration

Calorimetric measurements of the respiratory heat rates of plant tissues, made simultaneously with measurements of gas exchange rates, allow calculation of plant growth rates. Laboratory measurements of plant metabolism as a function of environmental variables thus provide a means for rapidly identifying cultivars or accessions most suitable for growth in different c.
Resolution of conflicting views concerning frequency-response models for conducting materials with dispersive relaxation, and isomorphism of macroscopic and microscopic models

Abstract Possible errors in the widely used 1972–1973 macroscopic original-electric-modulus formalism are identified, corrected, and their consequences considered. These errors include misidentification of the high-frequency-limiting dielectric constant arising entirely from mobile charges, ϵ C1∞ , and the failure to treat properly the high-frequency-limiting dielectric constant associated with bulk dipolar and vibrionic effects, ϵ D∞ . It is shown that the corrected modulus formalism, which describes dispersed mobile-charge effects, is isomorphic in form with the 1973 microscopic continuous-time random-walk hopping model of Scher and Lax after a minor but significant correction is made to the latter's response function. This firmly established correction, which nevertheless could not be determined by Kronig–Kramers transformation, involved inversion of synthetic frequency-response data to determine a distribution of relaxation times and led to extension of the real part of the Scher–Lax dielectric response to higher frequencies by the inclusion of a nonzero limiting value. This isomorphism, along with excellent data fitting using the corrected modulus formalism, suggests that since the Scher–Lax stochastic model involves no explicit Coulomb interactions, cation motion in glasses is dominated by short-range interactions. Finally, two very-high-frequency processes, which each lead to a limiting plateau value of the real part of the conductivity at sufficiently high frequencies, are discussed in detail.
How often are chaotic transients in spatially extended ecological systems

A traditional assumption in quantitative ecology is that the asymptotic state of the model determines what can be observed in the evolution of the system. It is suggested, however, that irregular transient behaviors may be more relevant than the long term behaviors. Here we investigate how often transient dynamics can be expected in spatially extended ecological systems. Our study suggests that although chaotic transient dynamics indeed exist, sustained dynamics may be more prevalent than transient ones due to the high dimensionality of such systems.  2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Rupture, Closure, and Dialectic

The general intent of this paper is to examine Hegel’s preoccupation with the question of beginnings. To anticipate, in Hegel’s view every account in respect to its beginning — indeed, everything in respect to its beginning — is both immediate and mediated. All things therefore begin having already begun; all things begin in medias res. But if all things begin having already begun, all things begin as a rupture of one sort or another.1
Nature versus Nurture: The Environment's Persistent Influence through the Modernization of American Agriculture

Technological innovation in agriculture was substantial during the 20th century. Is "modern" technological control of the environment replacing a "primitive" dependency on natural advantages and disadvantages, or has agricultural production remained persistently dependent on the environment? This paper estimates how the 20th century modernization of United States Plains' agriculture changed the impact of environmental characteristics on agricultural land values. Despite substantial technological innovation and rising land values from 1945 to 2002, counties' environmental characteristics largely maintained influence on land values. Environmental change has become no less costly, as technological innovation has not reduced the importance of natural advantages or disadvantages.
Assessing the Functions of Non-suicidal Self-injury: Psychometric Properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS)

The present study reports the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), a measure designed to comprehensively assess the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The ISAS assesses 13 functions of NSSI, as well as the frequency of 12 NSSI behaviors. The ISAS was administered to 235 young adults from a college population who had performed at least one NSSI behavior. Consistent with previous research, ISAS functions comprised two factors representing interpersonal and intrapersonal functions. In addition, the ISAS factors exhibited excellent internal consistency and expected correlations with both clinical constructs (e.g., borderline personality disorder, suicidality, depression, anxiety) and contextual variables (e.g., tendency to self-injure alone). Findings support the reliability and validity of the ISAS. The ISAS may be useful in research and treatment contexts as a comprehensive measure of NSSI functions.
Fiber Bragg grating sensors for real-time health monitoring of aerospace vehicles

Distributed fiber Bragg grating sensors are optically interrogated using a novel widely tunable semiconductor laser and an intensity-modulated reflectometry technique. This research impacts structural and environmental sensing for real-time health monitoring in space transportation systems.
A computer simulation of the prevention of the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii on swine farms using a feline T. gondii vaccine.

Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii on swine farms was investigated using a deterministic dynamic computer simulation model. A primary focus was to evaluate a feline T. gondii vaccine. Animal populations (swine and cats) were compartmentalized based on the stage of T. gondii infection. Simulations were run under conditions of closed and equilibrium population size. Model parameters were varied in a factorial experimental design to test the following hypotheses: T. gondii infection in finishing pigs decreases with (1) vaccination of susceptible cats, (2) an increase in the proportion of cats captured for vaccination, (3) a decrease in the initial number of cats, (4) a decrease in the initial T. gondii prevalence in cats and (5) a decrease in oocyst-survival time. Seeding conditions included a total of 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 cats, initial T. gondii prevalences in cats of 30, 60 or 90%, vaccination of 0, 50 or 75% of the cats and two vaccination schedules (the field schedule from a prior trial and a weaning-vaccination schedule). Simulations were run at oocyst-survival times of 52, 39 and 26 weeks. T. gondii prevalence in finishing pigs was recorded every week for 10 years. The probability of elimination of T. gondii from finishing pigs increased with a decrease in the number of cats and a decrease in oocyst-survival time. The last-year average prevalence was used as the outcome in a multiple linear regression analysis. Decreased T. gondii prevalence in finishing pigs was the result of a decrease in the initial number of cats on the farm (squared semipartial correlation coefficient ðsr 2 Þ¼ 47%), decreased oocyst survival ðsr 2 ¼ 35%Þ, using the weaning-vaccination schedule ðsr 2 ¼ 7%Þ and vaccination versus non-vaccination ðsr 2 ¼ 5%Þ. Unexpectedly, the initial T. gondii prevalence in cats had no effect on T. gondii prevalence in finishing pigs. The simulation supports the field trial indicating vaccine
MUSCLE SAMPLES FOR SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY: PREPARATIVE TECHNIQUES AND GENERAL MORPHOLOGY

Bovine semitendinosus and longissimus dorsi, both freshly slaughtered and aged, were prepared by various techniques prior to examination by SEM. The important problems of sample preparation were freeze damage, production of surface artifacts, and tissue shrinkage. Ethanol freeze fracture of fixed material followed by critical point drying or air drying from solvent circumvented most of the difficulties and provided the most useful specimens. Cleavage of muscle tissue by freeze fracture exposed muscle cell structures for observation. Useful magnifications up to 20,000 × were obtained and identification was made of A, I and H bands, nuclei, and structures suggestive of mitochondria and muscle cell triads. The structural consequences of cold shortening and rigor were observed.
Comments on "A 13-bit resolution ROM-less direct digital frequency synthesizer based on a trigonometric quadruple angle formula"

In this brief, the first- and second-order approximation of the quadruple angle formula (QAF) interpolation methods introduced in the paper by Wang et al. in 2004, are revisited. The limitations of those methods are completely overlooked in the paper. One of the limitations is maximum achievable spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the generated sinusoidal signals, which are significantly overestimated. In this paper, it is mathematically proven that the best achievable spurious-free dynamic ranges using QAF interpolation methods are significantly less than the values given in the paper by Wang et al. Moreover, the corrected and complete digital implementation of the second-order approximation is introduced.
THE DUAL CITY AS POLITICAL CHOICE

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the proposition that the dual social character of urban America is mostly a product of US political choices during this century. In responding to the emerging imperatives of economic restructuring and racial transformation, federal, state, and local officials pursued a Jeffersonian notion of urban politics. The author argues that this response has diminished the nation's political capability for achieving community-building solutions to public problems in local politics, thereby creating more polarized metropolitan areas.
High-performance 3D compressive sensing MRI reconstruction using many-core architectures

Compressive sensing (CS) describes how sparse signals can be accurately reconstructed from many fewer samples than required by the Nyquist criterion. Since MRI scan duration is proportional to the number of acquired samples, CS has been gaining significant attention in MRI. However, the computationally intensive nature of CS reconstructions has precluded their use in routine clinical practice. In this work, we investigate how different throughput-oriented architectures can benefit one CS algorithm and what levels of acceleration are feasible on different modern platforms. We demonstrate that a CUDA-based code running on an NVIDIA Tesla C2050 GPU can reconstruct a 256 × 160 × 80 volume from an 8-channel acquisition in 19 seconds, which is in itself a significant improvement over the state of the art. We then show that Intel's Knights Ferry can perform the same 3D MRI reconstruction in only 12 seconds, bringing CS methods even closer to clinical viability.
The grammaticalization of participant roles in the constitution of expert identity

Despite the relevance of language use in expert testimony, researchers have rarely scrutinized the linguistic and interactional processes of constructing an expert identity. This study, rather than reifying the concept of expert and leaving it as an unproblematic legal argument, examines how this institutional identity emerges in and through discursive interaction between the prosecuting attorney and a physician (who is also the defendant) in trial cross-examination. Using Goffman's notion of footing, the article examines how both prosecutor and defendant mobilize direct and indirect quotes, repetitive parallelism, epistemic modality, counterfactuals, evidentiality, sequencing, and specialized tokens of the medical register to contextualize shifting into and departing from an expert identity. I would like to thank the Office of Social Science Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago for financial help. Don Lance (as always) and Richard Cameron provided detailed comments and guidance throughout the course of writing. Thanks are due to Wayne Kerstetter, Mike Maltz, Pat McAnany, Joe Peterson, and Sarah Ullman for comments at an early presentation. Finally, I deeply appreciate the very detailed comments of Elizabeth Mertz and W. M. O'Barr, which I have tried to incorporate as much as possible.
Thermodynamic evaluation of reaction products and layering in brazed alumina joints

The joints formed by brazing Al2O3 to itself or to a Ti-alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with a Ag–Cu–Ti braze filler were investigated. In the brazing process, Ti in the braze alloy reduces Al2C3 to form a series of reaction products which have a layered morphology. The formation of M6X-type compounds, Ti4Cu2O or Ti3Cu3O, at the interface is characteristic of these joints. The other reaction products also belong to the Ti–Cu–O system (with the reduced Al in solution), and hence this subsystem was chosen to assess the thermodynamic stability of the joints. The Ti–Cu–O section was established experimentally at 945 °C, and activities of elements in three of the three-phase regions were estimated based on the phase boundaries of the ternary section and available binary thermodynamic data. The estimated free energies of formation of the two M6X-type compounds, Ti4Cu2O and Ti3Cu3O, are −120 kcal/mol and −122 kcal/mol, respectively. The highly negative values for the free energies of formation suggest that these compounds are thermodynamically stable. The activity data were also used to generate activity diagrams for Ti–Cu–O system. The layer sequences at the joints satisfied the stability requirements based on the ternary section and the activity diagrams, indicating that even though the interfaces formed in a matter of minutes, they were at local thermodynamic equilibrium.
Bounding Worst-Case Response Time for Tasks with Non-Preemptive Regions

Real-time schedulability theory requires a priori knowledge of the worst-case execution time (WCET) of every task in the system. Fundamental to the calculation of WCET is a scheduling policy that determines priorities among tasks. Such policies can be non-preemptive or preemptive. While the former reduces analysis complexity and overhead in implementation, the latter provides increased flexibility in terms of schedulability for higher utilizations of arbitrary task sets. In practice, tasks often have non-preemptive regions but are otherwise scheduled preemptively. To bound the WCET of tasks, architectural features have to be considered in the context of a scheduling scheme. In particular, preemption affects caches, which can be modeled by bounding the cache-related preemption delay (CRPD) of a task. In this paper, we propose a framework that provides safe and tight bounds of the data-cache related preemption delay (D-CRPD), the WCET and the worst-case response times, not just for homogeneous tasks under fully preemptive or fully non-preemptive systems, but for tasks with a non-preemptive region. By retaining the option of preemption where legal, task sets become schedulable that might otherwise not be. Yet, by requiring a region within a task to be non-preemptive, correctness is ensured in terms of arbitration of access to shared resources. Experimental results confirm an increase in schedulability of a task set with non- preemptive regions over an equivalent task set where only those tasks with non-preemptive regions are scheduled non- preemptively altogether. Quantitative results further indicate that D-CRPD bounds and response-time bounds comparable to task sets with fully non-preemptive tasks can be retained in the presence of short non-preemptive regions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first framework that performs D-CRPD calculations in a system for tasks with a non-preemptive region.
Magnetic nozzle design for coaxial plasma accelerators

Magnetic nozzles have great potential for improving the efficiency and performance of coaxial plasma accelerators in applications such as space propulsion and advanced manufacturing. Proper design of magnetic field geometry can improve coaxial accelerator performance in three ways. First, the applied field which intercepts the anode surface without directly connecting the two electrodes can minimize anode fall inefficiencies by improving electron conduction across the anode sheath and by opposing the Hall-induced starvation effect. Second, a properly designed magnetic geometry can provide a nozzling mechanism to permit the plasma to accelerate smoothly and efficiently from sub to super-magnetosonic flow. Third, a magnetic nozzle provides control over the flow of plasma from the accelerator. For applications such as surface modification and etching, magnetic nozzles can maximize the treatable surface area and tailor the downstream plasma energy distribution. For thrust generation, proper design of a magnetic nozzle can enable efficient detachment of the plasma from the magnetic field. >
Cardiovascular Exercise Guidelines for Children and Adolescent Women

Exercise participation implemented during childhood and adolescence may promote a continued active lifestyle later in life. This may then prevent the apparition of cardiovascular, metabolic, and other diseases known to be prevalent in young and older adults. Children and adolescents have unique exercise capacity characteristics. Thus, appropriate cardiovascular exercise guidelines were developed in order to receive maximum benefits from exercise training while also emphasizing safety. Furthermore, approaches to training with the youth were developed to promote exercise and sport adherence. This chapter focuses on cardiovascular exercise guidelines for children and adolescent women.
The New Afro-Cuban Cultural Movement and the Debate on Race in Contemporary Cuba

This paper analyses recent debates on race and racism in Cuba in the context of changing economic and social conditions in the island. Since the early 1990s, and largely in response to the negative effects that the so-called Special Period had on race relations, a group of artists and intellectuals began denouncing the persistence of racist practices and stereotypes in Cuban society. Although they are not organised around a single program or institution, these musicians, visual artists, writers, academics and activists share common grievances about racism and its social effects. It is in this sense that they constitute a new Afro-Cuban cultural movement. It is too early to fully assess the impact of this movement, but these artists and intellectuals have been largely successful in raising awareness about this problem and bringing it to the attention of authorities and the Cuban public.
25 The Paradigm After Next

Publisher Summary It is anticipated that in the future, concepts from artificial intelligence will play a major role in chemical engineering. Thus, process synthesis, design, and control can be exciting research areas in the years ahead. This chapter presents a different view of chemical engineering paradigms, to extend Westerberg's discussion of process synthesis and describes some additional research opportunities. It also proposes some curriculum modifications. It is expected that the emerging paradigm 20 or 30 years from now will be process engineering, which will include industrial chemistry, industrial biology, and industrial materials.
Transrectal ultrasound appearance of radiation-induced prostatic sarcoma

BACKGROUND. Delayed development of prostatic sarcoma is a rare complication of prostatic pelvic irradiation. The transrectal ultrasound appearance of this lesion has not been previously described. METHODS. Three cases of radiation-induced prostatic sarcoma are presented, with emphasis on the transrectal ultrasound findings. RESULTS. An irregular, hypoechoic prostatic mass with an anechoic area consistent with the echogenicity of muscle and/or necrosis was found in all 3 patients. This appearance is distinctly dissimilar from prostatic adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS. The sonographic finding of an irregular, hypoechoic prostatic mass with an anechoic area should raise suspicion for prostatic sarcoma in patients with a history of pelvic irradiation who develop an abnormal prostate on rectal examination and/or worsening voiding symptoms despite a normal serum prostate-specific antigen level.
The Crystal Structure of C-C-A-T-T-A-A-T-G-G: Implications for Bending of B-DNA at T-A Steps

The single-crystal X-ray analysis of trigonal C-C-A-T-T-A-A-T-G-G, and its comparison with orthorhombic C-G-A-T-T-A-A-T-C-G, have shown that the A-T-T-A-A-T sequence has limited polymorphism under the influence of packing forces from neighboring molecules in the crystal. The T-A step is intrinsically variable. It is not inconsistent with a large propeller twist, a narrow minor groove, and a single spine of hydration, as has sometimes been claimed on theoretical grounds. The T-A step does show a persistent positive roll, in a direction that compresses the major groove, and this may be a significant factor in macroscopic DNA curvature induced by phased A-tracts. A-tracts, as understood in this paper, include A-A and A-T steps, but not the T-A step, which is disruptive. Three conclusions regarding A-tract-induced curvature can be drawn from this and other X-ray crystal structure analyses, and from key gel retardation experiments: (1) The A-tract bending model is disqualified on two grounds: (i) tilt-wedge bending within A-tracts is incompatible with the observed direction of curvature; (ii) roll-wedge bending within A-tracts is contradicted by every crystal structure analysis, and is inconsistent with gel retardation results for (G-C-A-A-A-A-T-T-T-T)n and for (A-A-A-A-A-T-T-T-T-T)n. (2) The junction bend model is contradicted by crystallography because: (i) the inclination of base-pairs does not change between A-tract and non-A-tract regions of helix; and (ii) the observed bends at GC/AT junctions are roll-wedge bends, not tilt-wedge as the junction bend model demands. (3) The non-A-tract bending model is consistent with both gel retardation data and with X-ray crystallography, and must be regarded as the only consistent model for A-tract bending.
The Rhinencephalon of Ungulates: Gross Morphology

Publisher Summary This chapter examines a series of ungulate brains that show a well-developed rhinencephalon in all forms. The sense of olfaction is important to all of them, although it may be of relatively less importance in those animals with the best developed brains, as there is not a proportionate increase in the rhinencephalic areas. The olfactory bulb and stalk is generally short and stocky, although in the bovine brain there is an elongation of both. Both medial and lateral olfactory tracts can be easily identified on the ventral surface, and what appears to be an intermediate olfactory tract is present in the elephant. The lateral olfactory gyrus, or prepiriform cortex, is quite prominent in all forms. With growth in the size of the brain and an increase in fissuration of the cortex, there is a corresponding increase in the fissures present in the lateral olfactory gyrus and in the hippocampal gyrus and the uncus. The wild goats and the springbuck show the least fissuration, the elephant the most. Increases in the total size of the brain are accompanied by an increase in the thickness of the cortex of the hippocampal gyrus overlying the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle and the hippocampal formation.
21.6 A 1.2cm2 2.4GHz self-oscillating rectifier-antenna achieving −34.5dBm sensitivity for wirelessly powered sensors

Ubiquitous Internet-of-Everything (IoE) applications require low-cost, miniature sensors with long lifetimes. Wirelessly-powered ICs that harvest energy from an RF beacon or from existing wireless signals can address challenges associated with battery size, capacity and replacements [1–5]. Given FCC transmit power limits, the operating range of wirelessly-powered sensors is limited by rectifier sensitivity rather than by communication link budgets. In this work, we present area-constrained antenna-rectifier architectures that leverage electrically-small antennas and rectifier circuits to achieve −34.5dBm sensitivity for 1.6V output with 1.8MΩ load (CC topology) and −24dBm sensitivity for 2.5V output with 100KΩ load (CP topology), representing a >5× improvement in sensitivity (>2× improvement in range) over current state-of-the-art and >1V output voltage [1]. Notably, this improvement is obtained even for cold-start with the typical rectifier storage capacitor as the only off-chip component, resulting in a very compact 1.2cm2 complete 2.4GHz antenna-rectifier system area.
Differential Leadership Modes and Productivity in a Large Organization

The article addresses the lack of empirical data related to research in effective leadership. The author presents a study of an insurance company whose structure consists of three separate, but str...
Abstract P6-03-18: Outcome of FoundationOne testing in metastatic breast cancer therapy: A single center experience

Background: Next generation sequencing (NGS) has made genomic, mutation-driven, cancer medicine feasible. However, few studies have reported the importance of NGS in identifying mutation-driven treatment or whether such therapies are effective in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We reviewed the impact of NGS in women with MBC at our institution. Methods: Among the medical oncologists who treat metastatic breast cancers at the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, we identified 21 patients with HER2 negative cancers, whose tumors were submitted for FoundationOne genomic profiling. We report the individual mutation profile, potential therapeutic options, and treatment outcome. Result: Of the 21 patients (pts), 13 had triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and 12 of 13 (92%) had actionable mutation(s). Mutation profiles have been heterogeneous. Loss or mutations of TP53 were the most common genomic alteration in TNBC (12 of 13). Four pts received targeted therapies (everolimus in 3, pazopanib in 1) and all experienced at least partial clinical response. An additional 3 pts were treated with directed therapy but are too early to evaluate, 4 pts were not treated because of disease progression or clinical deterioration, and 1 pt was lost to follow-up. All 8 pts with ER+ disease had actionable mutations identified and 7 (88%) received targeted therapy (pazopanib in1, everolimus in 3, palbociclib in 3). All experienced at least partial clinical response; 1 was too ill for treatment. The most common genomic alterations are: PIK3CA mutation, PTEN loss, P53 mutation, FGFR mutation, and ZNF mutation. Conclusion: Targeted genomic sequencing through FoundationOne can identify mutations that are amenable to treatment with agents that are not generally approved for use in breast cancer. In order to test the benefit of target-directed therapy, tumor should be submitted for NGS while patients have a good performance status. Citation Format: Yuan Y, Mortimer JE. Outcome of FoundationOne testing in metastatic breast cancer therapy: A single center experience. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-03-18.
Biomechanical energy harvesting using a knee mounted generator

The design of a knee mounted energy harvesting device for USB charging was investigated. With the current longevity issues of lithium batteries in portable electronics and the reliance for consistent access to a standard electrical socket for charging, a need for a portable and sustainable energy source was identified. Human biomechanical energy from movement was identified as an emission-free and untapped source of power. A rotational generator utilizing a knee-mounted apparatus was selected as the most likely candidate for generating enough power for USB charging (5 VDC and 0.1 A minimum). Because the device was to be attached to the body, emphasis was placed on developing a design that provided for minimal hindrance to the user's normal gait. Following this decision, several energy harvesting products using rotational generators were purchased and benchmarked. A brushless motor was purchased to act as a generator in the knee mounted system; this decision was made for its low mechanical resistance to motion when spinning the shaft and high back EMF constant. To actuate the generator of the system at a velocity which could provide adequate power, a gear train was designed to amplify the 1 Hz input from human gait; the gear train utilized a ratcheting freewheel, which allows for conservation of angular momentum in the forward direction between actuations of the gear train. Parallel to the mechanical design process, an electrical system was designed to rectify the three phase AC voltage produced by the generator. A DC/DC switching regulator was used to condition the rectified output to 5 VDC. An alpha prototype is currently being fabricated. Projections indicate the system should produce 5 VDC at a range of output currents from 0.1 A to 1 A depending on how fast the user is moving.
Accommodating Old People in Society: Examples from Appalachia and New Orleans

ABSTRACT Successful aging, like successful living in general, requires an accommodating environment, regardless of an individuals capacity to cope, adapt, or adjust. More than research on how old people cope with society, we need research on how societies cope with old people. More than programs for belated socialization, therapy, Or counseling aimed at changing old people, we need programs to change society in such a way as to assure old people of society's protection. Case studies provided here are intended to support this argument, and also to recommend an ethnographic approach in gerontology that is conceptually intermediate between the individual developmental approach of psychology and the comparative approach of sociology and ethnology.
A Data Identification Method for the Improvement of a Cross-Section Model

The accuracy of a neutronics model depends not only on the validity of the equations that are solved but also on the quality of the cross-section model. This last is currently constituted by a set of correlations, the parameterized tables, relating the data of the neutronics problem to the local conditions. The more the correlations represent the local conditions, the more the results will be accurate. For a simulation model, this means that the results will be closer to the measurements. The goal of the data identification method presented is to solve a constrained inverse problem and to obtain the parameters of some further correlations that will enhance the accuracy of the results. The constraint imposed minimizes the error committed in solving the diffusion equation, using as reference the results of a more accurate computer code or the measurements performed for in-core flux maps. Some purely numerical examples and an application in conjunction with in-core measurements illustrate the method.
Tendinopathy: Investigating the Intersection of Clinical and Animal Research to Identify Progress and Hurdles in the Field

Biological treatments, surgical interventions, and rehabilitation exercises have been successfully used to treat tendinopathy, but the development of effective treatments has been hindered by the lack of mechanistic data regarding the pathogenesis of the disease. While insightful, clinical studies are limited in their capacity to provide data regarding the pathogenesis of tendinopathies, emphasizing the value of animal models and cell culture studies to fill this essential gap in knowledge. Clinical pathological findings from imaging studies or histological analysis are not universal across patients with tendinopathy and have not been clearly associated with the onset of symptoms. There are several unresolved controversies, including the cellular changes that accompany the tendinopathic disease state and the role of inflammation. Additional research is needed to correlate the manifestations of the disease with its pathogenesis, with the goal of reaching a field-wide consensus on the pathology of the disease state. Such a consensus will allow standardized clinical practices to more effectively diagnose and treat tendinopathy.
Super-Resolution Delay-Doppler Estimation for OFDM Passive Radar

In this paper, we consider the problem of joint delay-Doppler estimation of moving targets in a passive radar that makes use of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing communication signals. A compressed sensing algorithm is proposed to achieve supper resolution and better accuracy, using both the atomic norm and the $\ell _1$-norm. The atomic norm is used to manifest the signal sparsity in the continuous domain. Unlike previous works that assume the demodulation to be error free, we explicitly introduce the demodulation error signal whose sparsity is imposed by the $\ell _1$-norm. On this basis, the delays and Doppler frequencies are estimated by solving a semidefinite program (SDP) which is convex. We also develop an iterative method for solving this SDP via the alternating direction method of multipliers where each iteration involves closed-form computation. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the high performance of the proposed algorithm.
The Regulation and Supervision of Banks Around the World - a New Database

Productivity and factor endowments both play an important role in growth in Singapore's manufacturing industries. But productivity is more important as a source of growth in the electronics industry, while factor endowments make a larger contribution in other industries. Productivity and the Rybczynski effects of factor endowments have been highlighted as the two main reasons behind the growth of newly industrializing economies in East Asia. However, empirical studies at the aggregate level do not find support for these claims. Focusing on Singapore's manufacturing industries, Kee estimates the contributions of productivity and factor endowments to sectoral growth. The results show that both are important. But productivity is more important as a source of growth in the electronics industry, while factor endowments make a larger contribution in other industries. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the relationship between trade, productivity, and economic growth.
Foxp3 Expression Is Induced in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with CTCL and GVHD after Extracorporeal Photopheresis

Abstract Anti-tumor immunity mediated by cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) is thought to underlie the efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) for cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). In contrast, induction of immune tolerance mediated by regulatory T cells (Treg) is hypothesized to underlie the effect of ECP for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In this translational research study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients (Pt) with Sezary Syndrome (SS), a leukemic form of CTCL, and GVHD pre- and post-ECP were studied for expression of the CTL cytokine IFN-gamma and of the nuclear transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), a specific marker of Treg. Total RNA from PBMCs at pre-ECP, 2 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post- ECP were quantitated by real-time quantitative reverse transcript-PCR (RT-Q-PCR) for Foxp3 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression levels, normalized to endogenous control gene, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Foxp3 levels at baseline varied but increased at 2 day and 1 month post-ECP in GVHD by 9.5-fold and 27.6-fold, respectively (Fig.1). Similarly,foxp3 also increased in 3 of 4 CTCL patients (Pt#1, #2 and #4). Foxp3 levels rose steadily in clinical responders, Pt#1 and Pt#2, during the treatment course, and highest levels were detected at 6 months post-ECP with 13.1-fold and 17.4-fold increase, respectively. Pt#1 and #2 experienced partial clinical response and decreased circulating tumor cells with ECP. The levels of interferon-gamma had only Download : Download high-res image (111KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (94KB) Download : Download full-size image
Critical-Thinking Skills of First-Year Athletic Training Students Enrolled in Professional Programs

Context: The Examination of Professional Degree Level document presented to the National Athletic Trainers' Association Board of Directors states that research in athletic training education has no...
Tumor Budding in Intestinal Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma is Associated with Nodal Metastasis and Recurrence

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. GAC can be classified as intestinal or diffuse. Intestinal-type cancers are common and reported to have a better prognosis compared to diffuse cancers. Studies have shown the presence and amount of tumor budding in intestinal carcinomas of the colon and esophagus to predict nodal metastasis and recurrence. Our aim is to determine if tumor budding in intestinal-type GAC correlates with prognostic features. One hundred four patients treated with primary surgical excision between 1999 and 2013 were identified. Histologic type (intestinal, diffuse, or mixed), tumor grade, T-stage, and lymph node status were evaluated. Tumor bud scores were assigned to all intestinal-type cancers using methods previously described for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Scores of <1 were designated as low and ≥1 as high. Tumor characteristics were as follows: 52 intestinal (50%), 36 diffuse (35%), and 16 mixed (15%). Of the 52 cases with intestinal histology, 4 were well (8%), 28 were moderately (54%), and 20 were poorly differentiated (38%). Thirty-three (63%) of the intestinal tumors had high tumor bud scores. Cases with high scores were associated with higher T-stage, N-stage, and grade (P<.001, P<.001, and P=.002). These also had a higher likelihood of recurrence (P=.007). In our cohort, high tumor bud scores in intestinal-type GAC have higher T-stage, N-stage, grade, and likelihood of recurrence. Assessment of tumor budding may guide clinical management in a subset of patients.
Expanding to the peripheries: A corpus-based study of the development of the Japanese discourse marker toiuka

Abstract Many languages have common or stock phrases that are used when the speaker is unsure about how to say a certain thing, as with such English expressions as how should I put it? and something like X. In conversation, one strategy to avoid turning into a silence is to give a tentative choice with the hope that the addressee will understand the speaker's meaning. The Japanese discourse marker toiuka started as such a parenthetical expression that appears in mid-sentence and indicates the speaker's difficulty in lexical choice. It subsequently shifted to the utterance-initial and -final positions and gained new uses. The present article examines the diachronic development of this expression, using data from the National Diet Minutes Corpus [1], the Ninjobon ‘Love Story Books’ Corpus [2], and the Taiyo ‘Sun Magazine’ Corpus [3]. We keep track of the pragmatic-semantic and syntactic patterns over time quantitatively and show from a usage-based approach how this gradual process occurred.
Combination of static and temporal data analysis to predict mortality and readmission in the intensive care

There are approximately 4 million intensive care unit (ICU) admissions each year in the United States with costs accounting for 4.1% of national health expenditures. Unforeseen adverse events contribute disproportionately to these costs. Thus, there has been substantial research in developing clinical decision support systems to predict and improve ICU outcomes such as ICU mortality, prolonged length of stay, and ICU readmission. However, the data in the ICU is collected at diverse time intervals and includes both static and temporal data. Common methods for static data mining such as Cox and logistic regression and methods for temporal data analysis such as temporal association rule mining do not model the combination of both static and temporal data. This work aims to overcome this challenge to combine static models such as logistic regression and feedforward neural networks with temporal models such as conditional random fields(CRF). We demonstrate the results using adult patient records from a publicly available database called Multi-parameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care - II (MIMIC-II). We show that the combination models outperformed individual models of logistic regression, feed-forward neural networks and conditional random fields in predicting ICU mortality. The combination models also outperform the static models of logistic regression and feed-forward neural networks for the prediction of 30 day ICU readmissions when tested using Matthews correlation coefficient and accuracy as the metrics.
Doctoral Thesis in Progress

Advanced doctoral students whose dissertations are substantially concerned with the history of cartography are invited to contact the editor of this section (Dr Elizabeth Baigent, Wycliffe Hall, Oxford OX2 6PW, UK; elizabeth.baigent@wycliffe.ox.ac.uk) to discuss the submission of a short article. For a list of doctoral theses in progress see http://www.maphistory.info/futurephd.html.
Influence of slag composition on cracking potential of slag-portland cement concrete

Abstract Semi-adiabatic calorimetry and a rigid cracking frame were used to compare the effects of five different ground granulated blast-furnace slags with variable Al2O3 and MgO contents, but similar CaO/SiO2 ratios on early-age cracking resistance. While cement replacement with slag significantly reduced concrete temperature rise and delayed the time of cracking compared to the plain concrete, it was observed that stress development varied with the MgO/Al2O3 ratio of the slag. Increasing this ratio reduced the cracking temperature and delayed the time of cracking. The worst performance of the low MgO/Al2O3 ratio slag was attributed to its higher early-age reactivity, which was confirmed by isothermal calorimetry in addition to its higher autogenous shrinkage assessed by free shrinkage measurements.
Test throughput for mixed-signal devices

We encounter mixed-signal system-on-a-chip (SOC) devices in our daily lives in a broad range of products. Consumer products like PDAs, automobiles, and appliances all contain microcontrollers, battery management, and power chips; these can be mixed-signal devices. We use broadband products such as set-top boxes, cable modems, DSL, and DVD players that contain mixed-signal devices. Wireless products, cordless phones, cellular phones, WLAN, Bluetooth, GPS receivers, and cable tuners also contain mixed-signal SOC devices. The content of the mixed-signal SOC device is characterized by different types of cores. They may be analog cores or digital cores. Many applications include mixed analog and digital cores such as digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). These devices can provide complete system functionality on a single chip. Figure 1 is an example of a multimedia SOC device.
The Magnetic Susceptibility of 249Bk Metal

Magnetic susceptibility measurements have been made on a well characterized sample of 249 Bk metal using a SQUID micromagnetic susceptometer1 which has been specifically designed for small volume samples. The sample had ∿12% Cf impurity at the time of measurement and was in the pure dhcp crystal structure. The only previous magnetic measurements on berkelium metal were on samples of mixed crystal structure or with higher concentrations of californium daughter and were made with a mechanical balance susceptometer.2