cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time-scale features and their applications in electric power system dynamic modeling and analysis

There was a major collection of publications between 1975 and 1985 that established fundamental theory and implementation of power system dynamic analysis. These results recognized the time-scale features of power systems and created strong modeling and analysis tools that are continuing to form the basis for simulation and analysis techniques today. This paper presents the fundamental time-scale properties of power system dynamic models that enabled many of these contributions. These properties have been utilized to create reduced-order dynamic models, efficient simulation algorithms, and to discover techniques for large-scale stability analysis.
Work Demands, Work–Family Conflict, and Child Adjustment in African American Families The Mediating Role of Family Routines

Using data from a sample of 455 African American children (ages 10 to 12 years) and their parents, this study tests a hypothesized model linking (a) maternal work demands to family routines through work–family conflict and depressive symptoms and (b) maternal work demands to children's externalizing and internalizing problems through family routines. Partial support for our hypotheses was found in single-mother families, but not in two-parent families. Work demands decreased family routines in single-mother families by increasing work–family conflict. In addition, higher levels of work–family conflict and maternal depressive symptomatology predicted an increase in children's externalizing problems and these relations were mediated through a decrease in family routines. Contrary to prediction, work demands bore no relation to children's behavior problems either directly or indirectly through family routines. Family structure differences in mediating processes are discussed in relation to mothers' subjectiv...
Association of Rapid Mood Switching With Panic Disorder and Familial Panic Risk in Familial Bipolar Disorder

OBJECTIVE: Comorbid bipolar and panic disorders aggregate in families. A phenotypic trait shared by both disorders is the sudden shift in affect observed in panic attacks and some rapid cycling states. The authors investigated whether comorbidity of bipolar disorder and panic disorder is associated with rapid mood switching in families with a high rate of bipolar disorder. METHOD: Six hundred six subjects with bipolar disorder from the NIMH Bipolar Disorder Genetics Initiative were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze rapid mood switching as a function of panic disorder diagnosis, sex, and familial risk for panic. RESULTS: Familial panic and the diagnosis of panic disorder in an individual subject increased the odds for rapid mood switching. The familial effect persisted when individuals with panic disorder were excluded from the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Panic and rapid mood switching occurring together in familial bipolar disorder may define a useful subphenotype for futu...
Unique regulation of anion/HCO3- exchangers by constitutive nitric oxide in rabbit small intestine.

In the rabbit small intestine, there are three functionally different brush-border membrane (BBM) anion/HCO3- exchangers: 1) Cl/HCO3- exchange on the BBM of villus cells responsible for coupled NaC...
Formulation and solution algorithm for fuzzy dynamic traffic assignment model

An issue that is always important in the development of traffic assignment models is how travelers' perceptions of travel time should be modeled. Because travelers rarely have perfect knowledge of the road network or of the travel conditions, they choose routes on the basis of their perceived travel times. Traditionally, travelers' perceived travel times are treated as random variables, leading to the stochastic traffic assignment problem. However, uncertain factors are also observed in the subjective recognition of travel times by travelers, and these can be illustrated as fuzzy variables. Therefore, a fuzzy dynamic traffic assignment model that takes into account the imprecision and the uncertainties in the route choice process is proposed. By modeling the expressions of perceived travel times as fuzzy variables, this model makes possible the description of a traveler's process of choosing a route that is more accurate and realistic than those from its deterministic or stochastic counterparts. The fuzzy perceived link travel time and fuzzy perceived path travel time are defined, and a fuzzy shortest path algorithm is used to find the group of fuzzy shortest paths and to assign traffic to each of them by using the so-called C-logit method. The results of the proposed model are also compared with those from the stochastic dynamic traffic assignment model, and it is demonstrated that the impact of advanced traveler information systems on the traveler's route choice process can be readily incorporated into the proposed model.
Iron deficiency syndromes and iron‐restricted erythropoiesis (CME)

The relationships between erythropoietin (EPO), iron, and erythropoiesis and the presence of iron-restricted erythropoiesis have important implications in anemia management. Iron-restricted erythropoiesis occurs in the presence of one or more iron deficiency syndromes: absolute iron deficiency, functional iron deficiency, and/or iron sequestration. Absolute iron deficiency is a common nutritional deficiency in women's health, pediatrics, and the elderly and is therefore an important public health problem. Functional iron deficiency occurs in patients with significant EPO-mediated erythropoiesis or therapy with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, even when storage iron is present. Iron sequestration mediated by hepcidin is an underappreciated but common cause of iron-restricted erythropoiesis in patients with chronic inflammatory disease. The challenge for treating and laboratory-based physicians is to understand the contributory role(s) of each of these syndromes, so that the potential value of emerging and innovative pharmacologic strategies can be considered as options in patient blood management.
In vitro drug release of antibiotic-loaded porous hydroxyapatite cement

A model was proposed for describing the observed in vitro release behavior of drugs from porous HAPs. The model consists of three successive stages; during the first stage, the dissolution medium penetrating into the porous HAP, the amount of the drug released is proportional to the square root of release time. During the second stage, after the pores in the HAP are filled out by the dissolution medium, the drug release being proceeded by dissolution into the dissolution medium outside of the HAP, the amount of the drug released is proportional to release time. During the third stage, after the drug concentration is decreased and below the solubility limit of the drug in the dissolution medium, the drug diffusing to the stirred dissolution medium outside of the HAP, the release rate is markedly slowed and the release amount approaches a plateau value.
Inhibition of Mammary Gland Involution Is Associated with Transforming Growth Factor α but not c-myc-induced Tumorigenesis in Transgenic Mice

Deregulated expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) or c-myc has been implicated in the genesis of human breast cancer. To better characterize the role of these molecules in this disease, we generated transgenic mice that express TGF-alpha or c-myc under control of the mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) promoter. We then compared the resulting mammary gland neoplasia in these mice and in previously described mice expressing a metallothionein-driven TGF-alpha transgene. Nonvirgin female mice in all transgenic lineages developed mammary tumors with 100% incidence but variable latency. Among TGF-alpha lines, mean survival time correlated with the level of transgene expression, and the average life spans of high-expressing WAP-TGF-alpha and WAP-c-myc mice were similarly reduced. The majority of TGF-alpha-induced tumors were relatively well-differentiated adenomas and adenocarcinomas; in contrast, WAP-c-myc tumors were poorly differentiated, solid carcinomas with a minority of adenocarcinomas. Most TGF-alpha and all c-myc-induced tumors were transplantable, but lung metastases were infrequently observed in all transgenic lines. WAP-TGF-alpha-induced tumors, in marked contrast to those induced by WAP-c-myc, displayed frequent induction of cyclin D1 mRNA, suggesting that expression of this gene may complement that of TGF-alpha during mammary tumor development. Expression of TGF-alpha also induced precocious development of pregnant glands and delayed or inhibited mammary involution. As a result, multiparious MT-TGF-alpha and especially WAP-TGF-alpha females accumulated large numbers of hyperplastic alveolar nodules that resembled the more differentiated TGF-alpha-induced tumors. Finally, coexpression of WAP-c-myc and WAP-TGF-alpha transgenes markedly decreased tumor latency, increased tumor growth, and even induced mammary tumors in virgin female and male mice. These findings provide further evidence for the importance of deregulated TGF-alpha expression in multistage carcinogenesis, and they suggest that in the mammary gland the mechanism of TGF-alpha-induced transformation may depend on postlactational survival of differentiated epithelium. They also provide evidence of a potent tumorigenic collaboration between TGF-alpha and c-myc in mammary epithelium.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Determine Fat-Free Mass, Total Body Water and Body Fat

This article reviews the principles underlying the use of bioelectrical impedance, current applications of bioelectrical impedance analysis, and future research needs
Monochromatic Imaging of 8.0-keV Cu $\hbox{K}\alpha$ Emission Induced by Energetic Electrons Generated at OMEGA EP

The characterization of energetic electrons generated in high-energy short-pulse laser-solid interactions is of importance for electron fast ignition. Experiments have been carried out at the OMEGA Extended Performance laser facility to study the properties of fast electrons using a spherically bent crystal to image a stand-alone Cu cone and a Cu wire attached to an aluminum cone.
Coyotes: The Industrial Organization of Human Smuggling

Human smuggling is a criminal enterprise where immigrants pay smugglers to help them cross borders and forge immigration documents. Over the past few decades, this enterprise has become dominated by large criminal organizations, who have displaced independent smugglers. I argue that changes in U.S. immigration enforcement policy is responsible for the change in market structure. As in any market, changes in costs can affect how producers organize. Under strict border enforcement, large criminal firms have a comparative advantage over small firms. Since 2001, U.S. border patrol agents have doubled, increasing the cost of border crossing and attracting organized criminal involvement. I compare this situation to the market for human smuggling in the 1980s and to legitimate firms engaged in similar business in the pre-restriction era.
Metal‐Carbon Composite Materials from Fiber Precursors I . Preparation of Stainless Steel—Carbon Composite Electrodes

A novel approach to fabrication of composite metal‐carbon electrodes has been developed. Stainless steel fibers (2 μm diam) and carbon fiber bundles (20 μm diam) were combined with cellulose (as the binding agent) into an interwoven paper preform. The composite paper preform was then sintered to a stainless foil substrate to form the electrode structure. "Optimal sintering," experimentally determined by the percentage of initial carbon remaining in the sintered electrode, was achieved at 1423 K in for 2.5 min. Gas flow of was maintained at 10 cm3/min (STP) or a linear velocity of 2.6 cm/min with a total pressure of 101 kPa. These conditions were consistent with the thermodynamics and kinetics of sintering and catalyzed carbon gasification. The composite electrode structure was shown to possess the high surface area characteristic of carbon black and the structural integrity of sintered metals. The degree of intermixing of fibers in the composite paper preforms and in the sintered electrodes was clearly shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Volumetric BET measurements showed a surface area of ca. 760 m2/g of carbon for the sintered composite electrode structure compared to ca. 790 m2/g for the precursor carbon fiber. It is believed these preparation techniques offer flexibility in the properties of the composite electrode (i.e., specific surface area, void volume, thermal and electrical conductivity, etc.).
Waste management: how reducing partiality can promote efficient resource allocation.

Two central principles that guide resource-allocation decisions are equity (providing equal pay for equal work) and efficiency (not wasting resources). When these two principles conflict with one another, people will often waste resources to avoid inequity. We suggest that people wish to avoid inequity not because they find it inherently unfair, but because they want to avoid the appearance of partiality associated with it. We explore one way to reduce waste by reducing the perceived partiality of inequitable allocations. Specifically, we hypothesize that people will be more likely to favor an efficient (albeit inequitable) allocation if it puts them in a disadvantaged position than if it puts others in a disadvantaged position. To test this hypothesis, we asked participants to choose between giving some extra resource to one person (thereby creating inequity between this person and equally deserving others) and not giving the resource to anyone (thereby wasting the resource). Six studies, using realistic scenarios and behavioral paradigms, provide robust evidence for a self-disadvantaging effect: Allocators were consistently more likely to create inequity to avoid wasting resources when the resulting inequity would put them at a relative disadvantage than when it would put others at a relative disadvantage. We further find that this self-disadvantaging effect is a direct result of people's concern about appearing partial. Our findings suggest the importance of impartiality even in distributive justice, thereby bridging a gap between the distributive and procedural justice literatures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
Consumer agency and food retailer choice in an American urban neighborhood

Abstract This study examines the issue of consumer agency within the food system as manifested by food secure and food insecure households in an urban neighborhood in the United States. Using a self-administered mail survey this study examines food retailer perception and shopping behaviour of food secure and insecure households in Lansing, Michigan. Food security represents a useful lens through which to examine the issue of agency since food, while a necessary part of life, is nonetheless something that is difficult to access for a large sector of the population. By examining both food secure and food insecure households, light is shed on some of the factors that lead to the relative ability of each group to successfully and reliably obtain food. In particular, this study focuses on the perception and behaviour of consumers in relation to the decision to shop, or not to shop, at various food retailers. Some theories of consumer behaviour tend to focus either on class related cultural elements which determine taste preferences while other theories focus on structural elements of the food system which force a limited selection onto various social groups. While certainly class culture influences taste preference to some extent, results from this study suggest that structural elements of the food system and economic differences between food secure and food insecure households have a larger influence on store choice than cultural preferences. In fact, both food secure and insecure households indicated similar sets of criteria used in determining store choices. However, in examination of actual shopping behaviours, this study found that food insecure households are more likely to shop at deep discounters and more likely to travel farther to obtain food. These results suggest that structural elements such as food retailer locations limit the range of shopping options of food insecure households when compared to food secure households. Keywords: food desert, food access, food security, consumer, food retailer
Five day primaquine therapy--an evaluation of radical curative activity against vivax malaria infection.

The radical curative efficacy of the 5-day primaquine regimen for vivax malaria was assessed in nonimmune volunteers infected with a West Pakistan strain of Plasmodium vivax. Treatment of each primary attack was with chloroquine, 1,500 mg base followed by primaquine, 15 mg base daily for 5 consecutive days. There was a 100% failure rate of radical cure for the 5-day primaquine regimen. Data on the pattern of relapse activity for this strain are included.
Student Feedback about the Medical Humanities Module in a Caribbean Medical School

Introduction: A medical humanities (MH) course has been conducted at the institution from February 2013. The school admits students from the United States, Canada and other countries to the undergraduate medical course. The present study was conducted among first to sixth semester basic science students to obtain their feedback about various aspects of the module and suggestions for further improvement. Materials & Methods: Focus group discussions (FGDs) were organised with interested students during the last two weeks of October 2015. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The FGDs were audio recorded and lasted between 90 to 100 minutes. An FGD guide was used to facilitate the deliberations. Written transcripts of recordings were prepared and read through multiple times. Transcripts were coded and items with similar codes were grouped together into themes. Results: Twenty-one of the 100 students (21%) participated. Overall response to the module was positive. Students who participated in the FGDs felt the module offered a different perspective compared to other basic science subjects. Feedback regarding small groups and group dynamics were also obtained. The literature excerpts used were appreciated by the respondents. The paintings and the activities encouraged the process of creativity, reflection and taught participants the importance of reconciling varied views. Role-plays encouraged student participation and active learning. MH encouraged active learning and students appeared to have fun while learning. Conclusion: MH and movie screening and activities are slowly becoming established in the institution. Respondent feedback was positive. Suggestions for future modules were obtained.
Changes in Serum Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate and Phosphatase Activity in the Pregnant Woman

That the serum calcium tends to diminish during pregnancy, especially in the later months, seems to be decisively established, notwithstanding a number of reports which are in conflict with this observation. The largest series of analyses are those of Mull and Bill who performed nearly 5000 determinations on a group of 900 subjects. Mull's results show an average fall of approximately 5 per cent. The decline is progressive as pregnancy advances, but is interrupted six to seven weeks before delivery; then there is a slight rise until delivery, followed by a sharper elevation after delivery. In a group of non-pregnant women studied by Oberst and Plass the average serum calcium was found to be 10.4 mgm. per 100 cc, which compares with the average of 10.6 mgm. reported by Mull and Bill, who also found that 94 per cent of their values fell between 10.0 and 11.5 mgm. Oberst and Plass saw no change early in pregnancy (variations between 9.8 and 10.9 mgm; average 10.4 mgm.), but during the eighth and ninth months the concentrations varied between 8.8 and 10.8 mgm., the average being 9.5 mgm. During labor the average was restored to
Fatty acid ethyl ester formation during ethanol metabolism in vivo.

SummaryLong-chain fatty acid ethyl esters containing labeled ethanol have been tentatively identified in total body lipid extracts of rats given C14-ethanol intravenously. Identification has included the isolation of a peak of radioactive material with the expected mobility on silicic acid column chromatography, the loss of most of its lipid-soluble radioactivity after hydrolysis, and demonstration of appropriate volatility of the radioactive material on gas-liquid chromatography. About 40% of the total lipid radioactivity was contained in this fraction.
CONIOCHAETA EXTRAMUNDANA, WITH A SYNOPSIS OF OTHER CONIOCHAETA SPECIES

SUMMARY The new species of Coniochaeta, described here, was isolated from soil of a chaparral community in southern California during post-fire and heatsimulation studies. It is distinguished from other Coniochaeta species by its uniquely flattened, flying-saucer-shaped ascospores. Characteristics of the new species are compared with those of 31 other species of Coniochaeta. During recent studies of chaparral soil microfungi in southern California, we encountered four strains (1-2 isolates/strain) of an unusual previously undescribed Coniochaeta. Each strain represents a different surface soil collection site. Two of the strains, SA557 and SA711, were isolated by soil dilution from soil collected by the junior
A method of differential potentiometric dissolution to determine lead content in urine

Objective:To establish a method for rapid detection of lead content in urine potential dissolution of the differential.Methods:Dissolution potential use of the dissolution of the principle,urine not digest determination.Results:The lowest concentration can be detected of this method was 2.0 μg/L,the quantitative analysis reflect a good linear relationship,the correlation coefficient of this method was more than 99%,the recoveries range of this method was 95.2% to 102.7%,the RSD of this method was 2.61%.Conclusion:The method can be used for the determination of lead in urine,a quick and easy,high recovery rate,high sensitivity,low reagent consumption,apply to the conventional laboratory analysis.
Biogas in Morocco

This paper summarizes the relevant aspects of biogas technology in Morocco. The biomass resource base and biogas potential is first outlined. Projects implemented and prospects are next addressed. Finally, pertinent conclusions and policy directives are highlighted.
SU-F-T-177: Impacts of Gantry Angle Dependent Scanning Beam Properties for Proton Treatment

Purpose: In pencil beam scanning (PBS), the delivered spot MU, position and size are slightly different at different gantry angles. We investigated the level of delivery uncertainty at different gantry angles through a log file analysis. Methods: 34 PBS fields covering full 360 degrees gantry angle spread were collected retrospectively from 28 patients treated at our institution. All fields were delivered at zero gantry angle and the prescribed gantry angle, and measured at isocenter with the MatriXX 2D array detector at the prescribed gantry angle. The machine log files were analyzed to extract the delivered MU per spot and the beam position from the strip ionization chambers in the treatment nozzle. The beam size was separately measured as a function of gantry angle and beam energy. Using this information, the dose was calculated in a water phantom at both gantry angles and compared to the measurement using the 3D γ-index at 2mm/2%. Results: The spot-by-spot difference between the beam position in the log files from the delivery at the two gantry angles has a mean of 0.3 and 0.4 mm and a standard deviation of 0.6 and 0.7 mm for × and y directions, respectively. Similarly, the spot-by-spot difference between the MU in the log files from the delivery at the two gantry angles has a mean 0.01% and a standard deviation of 0.7%. These small deviations lead to an excellent agreement in dose calculations with an average γ pass rate for all fields being approximately 99.7%. When each calculation is compared to the measurement, a high correlation in γ was also found. Conclusion: Using machine logs files, we verified that PBS beam delivery at different gantry angles are sufficiently small and the planned spot position and MU. This study brings us one step closer to simplifying our patient-specific QA.
Remembering Professor Amy Christine Anderson

This summer we lost a scientific thought leader, brilliant colleague and researcher, and mentor and friend way before her time. Amy Anderson (1969 – 2016) realized that the Achilles’ heel of many microbial targets, particularly quickly evolving ones with a high propensity of resistance, was the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Having received a BA in life sciences at MIT (1991) and PhD in biophysics (1997) at Harvard, Amy went on to UCSF to work with Robert M. Stroud, where she launched her career focus on small molecule inhibitors of the folate pathway.
In Their Own Words: Reflections from 50 Years of ADTA Presidents

The year 2016 marked the 50th anniversary of American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA). What can be learned from the lives of the women who led the association from its origins to the present? Drawing from personal recollections of the association’s past presidents, this article traces the history of the ADTA, the development of the profession, and the unique personal journeys and contributions of the women who served as president. Each living president was invited to reflect on her roots as a dance/movement therapist, her preparation for the presidency, and the trajectory of her time in office. In addition, posthumous and supplemental reflections were gathered through historical documents and publications. The article concludes with reflections from the presidents on the present and future of dance/movement therapy and the ADTA.
Combined gait asymmetry metric

People with physical impairments often have asymmetric gait. To evaluate if their overall symmetry is improving during intervention, there needs to be a simple metric that can help classify gait patterns that includes multiple measures of gait asymmetry. The Combined Gait Asymmetry Metric presented here is based on the Mahalanobis distance of multiple step parameters. We tested able-bodied subjects with perturbations that involve a change in leg length, the addition of ankle weights, and a combination of both perturbations. The Mahalanobis distances are calculated from perfect symmetry to all points in the data to analyze the effects of the different perturbations. The metric demonstrates how an overall view of symmetry can give a better perspective of asymmetry than only looking at a few individual parameters. This metric is straightforward and can be extended to include large numbers of spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters that more completely evaluate a change in gait symmetry.
Antisocial pathways associated with substance use disorders: characterizing etiological underpinnings and implications for treatment

The association between substance use disorders (SUDs) and crime is one of the most reliable themes in the SUDs literature. While SUDs undoubtedly contribute to crime, there is also good evidence that specific clinical syndromes place individuals at higher risk for SUDs. Of relevance, two subtypes of individuals, ‘antisocial-only’ and ‘psychopathic,’ are at elevated risk for SUDs. The former, which includes conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder, involves a failure to regulate affective reactions, which overwhelms inhibitory controls. The latter, which includes antisocial behavior plus callous-unemotional traits and psychopathy, involves a failure of attention to adequately integrate affective experiences to guide behavioral control. We describe how these potentially divergent etiologies can inform personalized treatments.
Socio-environmental drivers of forest change in rural Uganda

Tropical deforestation and forest degradation are among the top global threats to biodiversity, carbon storage and rural livelihoods, but the social processes underlying these changes remain difficult to observe across large spatial scales and in data-poor contexts such as tropical Africa. We link longitudinal survey data from agricultural households in rural Uganda to high-resolution satellite data on forest cover change, and use this linked dataset to investigate processes at two scales: tree planting and harvesting at the parcel scale, and deforestation and reforestation at the community scale. This multi-scale analysis reveals that tree planting is more common on parcels with secure tenure, by educated heads and in isolated communities. Deforestation is highest in land-rich, agrarian communities with low population density and high baseline forest cover. These results provide explicit evidence that the social drivers of forest change in Uganda vary across scales, indicating a need for additional multi-scale studies.
Carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) expression in macrophages is dispensable for nutrient stress sensing and inflammation.

Abstract Objective Fatty acid oxidation in macrophages is thought to regulate inflammatory status and insulin-sensitivity. An important unanswered question in this field is whether carnitine acetyl-transferase (CrAT) that regulates fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial acetyl-CoA balance is required to integrate nutrient stress sensing to inflammatory response in macrophages. Methods Mice with myeloid lineage-specific Crat deletion were subjected to several metabolic stressors, including high-fat diet-induced obesity, fasting, and LPS-induced endotoxemia. Their metabolic homeostasis was compared to that of Crat-sufficient littermate controls. Inflammatory potential of Crat-deficient and Crat-sufficient macrophages were measured both in vitro and in vivo . Results Our studies revealed that ablation of CrAT in myeloid lineage cells did not impact glucose homeostasis, insulin-action, adipose tissue leukocytosis, and inflammation when animals were confronted with a variety of metabolic stressors, including high-fat diet, fasting, or LPS-induced acute endotoxemia. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that unlike muscle cells, substrate switch mechanisms that control macrophage energy metabolism and mitochondrial short-chain acyl-CoA pools during nutrient stress are controlled by pathways that are not solely reliant on CrAT.
Prehospital Systolic Hypertension and Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND It is well known that hematoma volume and expansion is associated with poor outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). The factors associated with hematoma volume and possible expansion include the use of anticoagulant medications, autoimmune or bacterial diseases that reduce platelet production, and genetic defects of Von Willebrand factor causing inhibition or reduction of platelet aggregation. However, little is known about the role of elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) on hematoma volume and its ultimate role on sICH when identified in the prehospital setting. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of elevated SBP among diagnosed sICH patients transported by emergency medical services (EMS), and to explore possible associations between prehospital elevated SBP and hematoma volume. METHODS This is a hypothesis-generating study for which we used a retrospective observational design. The subjects included 243 adult patients who were seen and treated for sICH in an emergency department serving a county hospital in a large metropolitan city. Elevated SBP in the setting of sICH was defined as ≥140 mm Hg. A univariate analysis was performed to investigate associations between patient demographics, elevated SBP, and sICH characteristics with the pre-determined outcome of hematoma volume. We then performed a multivariable logistic regression model to determine if elevated prehospital SBP remained associated with hematoma volume. RESULTS The number of subjects with a hospital-based diagnosis of sICH was 243. Of those, 193 (79%) were transported by an ambulance. Among those transported by ambulance, 180 (93%) had a documented prehospital SBP; out of those patients with a documented SBP, 173 (96%) showed an elevated SBP of ≥140 mm Hg, and 82 (46%) had a hematoma volume of ≥30 mL. Our univariate analysis showed that sICH patients with an elevated prehospital SBP of ≥140 mm Hg were associated with hematoma volume. The multivariable regression model showed that elevated prehospital SBP (≥140 mm Hg) was associated with larger hematoma volumes (odds ratio (OR) 3.86 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-4.60). CONCLUSIONS Prehospital elevated SBP is associated with larger hematoma volume in patients with sICH. Future studies should confirm these findings in a larger cohort of patients.
Form-Invariance of Maxwell Equations in Integral Form

We find transformation formulas for weak solutions to Maxwell’s equations in integral form by general changes of coordinates obtaining that the equations are also “form invariant” as in the standard case. Solutions are defined using test functions.
Nuclear phosphoinositide regulation of chromatin

Phospholipid signaling has clear connections to a wide array of cellular processes, particularly in gene expression and in controlling the chromatin biology of cells. However, most of the work elucidating how phospholipid signaling pathways contribute to cellular physiology have studied cytoplasmic membranes, while relatively little attention has been paid to the role of phospholipid signaling in the nucleus. Recent work from several labs has shown that nuclear phospholipid signaling can have important roles that are specific to this cellular compartment. This review focuses on the nuclear phospholipid functions and the activities of phospholipid signaling enzymes that regulate metazoan chromatin and gene expression. In particular, we highlight the roles that nuclear phosphoinositides play in several nuclear-driven physiological processes, such as differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression. Taken together, the recent discovery of several specifically nuclear phospholipid functions could have dramatic impact on our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that enable tight control of cellular physiology.
LOWER ON-TREATMENT LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN WOMEN: ANALYSES FROM THE ODYSSEY TRIALS OF ALIROCUMAB VERSUS CONTROL

Introduction: In statin trials, men and women derived similar relative risk reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events for each 39 mg/dL reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We explored whether lower LDL-C levels would be associated with a lower major adverse CV event (
Conflicts of Interest and Professional Medical Associations: Progress and Remaining Challenges.

Professional medical associations (PMAs) have a pivotal role in the health care system, representing medical specialties from as small as a few hundred practitioners to as large as the American Heart Association (AHA), with 33 000 members; the American Academy of Pediatrics, with 64 000 members; and the American Medical Association (AMA), with more than 200 000 members. The roles of PMAs are diverse and include serving as a key source of medical education, supervising and approving practice guidelines, and publishing influential medical journals. PMAs are also tasked with representing the financial interests of their members, and doing so often involves political lobbying and other efforts to influence health care policy, including physician reimbursement. The sensitive nature of these roles require PMAs to maintain a high degree of academic independence and scientific integrity by avoiding inappropriate influence from commercial interests.
Conclusion: The Direction of Process Metaphysics

This chapter concludes the discussion by summarizing the main arguments, lingering issues, and possibilities for future research in process metaphysics.
Understanding the performance-accuracy tradeoffs of floating-point arithmetic on GPUs

Floating-point computations produce approximate results, possibly leading to inaccuracy and reproducibility problems. Existing work addresses two issues: first, the design of high precision floating-point representations; second, the study of methods to trade off accuracy and performance of CPU applications. However, a comprehensive study of the tradeoffs between accuracy and performance on modern GPUs is missing. This study covers the use of different floating-point precisions (i.e., single and double floating-point precision in IEEE 754 standard, GNU Multiple Precision, and composite floating-point precision) on GPU using a variety of synthetic and real-world benchmark applications. First, we analyze the support for single and double precision floating-point arithmetic on different GPU architectures, and we characterize the latencies of all floating-point instructions on GPU. Second, we study the performance/accuracy tradeoffs related to the use of different arithmetic precisions on addition, multiplication, division, and natural exponential function. Third, we analyze the combined use of different arithmetic operations on three benchmark applications characterized by different instruction mixes and arithmetic intensities. As a result of this analysis, we provide insights to guide users to the selection of the arithmetic precision leading to a good performance/accuracy tradeoff depending on the arithmetic operations and mathematical functions used in their program and the degree of multithreading of the code.
Serving DNNs in Real Time at Datacenter Scale with Project Brainwave

To meet the computational demands required of deep learning, cloud operators are turning toward specialized hardware for improved efficiency and performance. Project Brainwave, Microsofts principal infrastructure for AI serving in real time, accelerates deep neural network (DNN) inferencing in major services such as Bings intelligent search features and Azure. Exploiting distributed model parallelism and pinning over low-latency hardware microservices, Project Brainwave serves state-of-the-art, pre-trained DNN models with high efficiencies at low batch sizes. A high-performance, precision-adaptable FPGA soft processor is at the heart of the system, achieving up to 39.5 teraflops (Tflops) of effective performance at Batch 1 on a state-of-the-art Intel Stratix 10 FPGA.
Abemaciclib, a Selective CDK4/6 Inhibitor, Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Purpose: To characterize the ionizing radiation (IR) enhancing effects and underlying mechanisms of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro and in vivoExperimental Design: IR enhancement by abemaciclib in a variety of NSCLC cell lines was assessed by in vitro clonogenic assay, flow cytometry, and target inhibition verified by immunoblotting. IR-induced DNA damage repair was evaluated by γH2AX analysis. Global metabolic alterations by abemaciclib and IR combination were evaluated by LC/MS mass spectrometry and YSI bioanalyzer. Effects of abemaciclib and IR combination in vivo were studied by xenograft tumor regrowth delay, xenograft lysate immunoblotting, and tissue section immunohistochemistry.Results: Abemaciclib enhanced the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells independent of RAS or EGFR status. Enhancement of radiosensitivity was lost in cell lines deficient for functional p53 and RB protein. After IR, abemaciclib treatment inhibited DNA damage repair as measured by γH2AX. Mechanistically, abemaciclib inhibited RB phosphorylation, leading to cell-cycle arrest. It also inhibited mTOR signaling and reduced intracellular amino acid pools, causing nutrient stress. In vivo, abemaciclib, when administered in an adjuvant setting for the second week after fractionated IR, further inhibited vasculogenesis and tumor regrowth, with sustained inhibition of RB/E2F activity, mTOR pathway, and HIF-1 expression. In summary, our study signifies inhibiting the CDK4/6 pathway by abemaciclib in combination with IR as a promising therapeutic strategy to treat NSCLC.Conclusions: Abemaciclib in combination with IR enhances NSCLC radiosensitivity in preclinical models, potentially providing a novel biomarker-driven combination therapeutic strategy for patients with NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3994-4005. ©2018 AACR.
Curriculum in Interventional Cardiology: Setting Up Professional Standards

This chapter addresses the current state of affairs involving the setting up of professional standards in interventional cardiology that have evolved over the past 40 years. The inherent evolutionary nature of applicable standards over this time period of rapid growth in the subspecialty is emphasized, beginning with the first coronary interventions of the 1970s, and the ongoing complexity of developing those standards in a period of rapid technological advances in tandem with worldwide expansion of these techniques in patient care delivery is addressed. The authors draw heavily on their collective experiential knowledge base primarily in the context of the current status of the issue at hand in the USA, commenting on analogies in other worldwide care delivery arenas where applicable, and utilize the primary example of professional standards currently expected of both trainees and practitioners of interventional cardiology in the USA in 2017. The chapter addresses expected standards in a temporal framework beginning with eligibility and training requirements for aspirants to become interventional cardiologists and subsequently the standards expected of the practitioner after training, dividing the latter into personal professional standards after training and systems-based professional standards after training in the broader institutional context. Important current professional standards and competency resources are referenced, and several tables are supplied to augment the process for interventional cardiologists, cardiac catheterization laboratory directors, hospital administrators, and privileging and credentialing bodies. The importance of physician self-governance and collective professional responsibility for creating and monitoring such standards is emphasized.
Complications After Esophagectomy Are Associated With Extremes of Body Mass Index.

Background Body mass index (BMI) is not routinely taken into consideration for risk stratification prior to esophagectomy. Extremes of BMI are associated with adverse surgical outcomes in a variety of surgical specialties. We assessed the relationship of BMI to outcomes after esophagectomy for cancer. Methods Patients in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database (2009 to 2016) who underwent elective esophagectomy for cancer were selected for analysis. Open and minimally invasive approaches were included. Complications were categorized based on the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group recommendations. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Results We evaluated 9,389 patients grouped by BMI: underweight ( Conclusions BMI is associated with postoperative complications after esophagectomy. Postoperative risk assessment and prehabilitation regimens should be adjusted accordingly when planning an esophagectomy for a patient with very low or very high BMI.
Internship to Increase Knowledge and Understanding of Clinical Research and Regulatory Issues in a Blood and Marrow Transplant Setting

Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/Rationale Evidence based care drives patient care. Research providing the ‘evidence’ to help advance patient outcomes and survival may not be as familiar to nurses. This poster presents findings from an internship completed at a large mid-western cancer teaching hospital. The purpose is to identify methods to help bedside nurses understand the significance of research conducted on their patients. Education and communication is essential between research staff and clinical nurses. Some large cancer hospitals have nurses who are directly involved with both clinical trial coordination and direct patient care for patients enrolled into a clinical trial. This change would allow the FDA to make a more informed decision on approving new therapies that could benefit millions of people. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis The internship included a practicum that was 120 hours. Majority of the 120 hours was spent with the Clinical Research Manager of the Blood and Marrow Transplant in the Clinical Trial Office. Remaining hours were spent with departmental interviews including, Data and Clinical Informatics, Regulatory and Compliance, Investigational Drug Services, Contracts and Budgets, and the institutions Institutional Review Board. Findings & Interpretation During the internship it was discovered that 1) research blood samples were missed during patients follow-up visits post-transplant in the hematology clinic. Missed blood samples can signal a red flag not only to the sponsor, who has money and time invested into the clinical trial, but also to the Federal Drug Administration (FDA), who ultimately decides if the therapy will be available to the general population. 2) Documenting clinical trial blood samples that have been drawn in the EMR was quoted as being ‘cumbersome'. 3) Clinic nurses communicate best in a face to face setting rather than email, as nurses do not have the ability to sit at a computer all day 4) Clinic nurses are not utilizing the research active tab in patients charts which is kept up to date by the clinical research coordinator Discussion & Implications 1) Educating clinic nurses about clinical trial compliance 2) Educating clinical trial staff about nursing workflow in the hematology clinic 3) Hiring a clinic nurse who oversees all research patients that are being seen in the hematology clinic each day.
Impact of Mechanization on Cost Reduction, Yield, Profitability and Drudgery in Paddy Cultivation

Objectives : To assess the impact of different degrees of mechanization on yield and profitability of paddy. Methods/Statistical analysis : A total of 71 paddy farms were selected from Shimoga district of Karnataka in India and post stratified into less mechanized, moderately mechanized and highly mechanized based on number of operations mechanized. Primary data pertaining to labour, material inputs, output and their prices were elicited using interview schedule for 2016-17. Tabular presentation and budgeting techniques were used to estimate economics and energy use efficiency was computed using relevant ratios. Findings : The mechanization has resulted in cost reduction to the tune of 24.22% on HMF and 11.04% on MMF compared to LMF. The reduced dependence on human labour was around 47.93 percent on HMF and 28.50% on MMF compared to LMF. HMF and MMF realized additional yield of 4.96q and 2.33q, respectively over LMF. The percent rise in net returns was to the tune of 130.45% on HMF and 47.26% on MMF compared to LMF. HMF was found to be efficient and productive in terms of energy use in paddy cultivation compared to MMF and LMF. Application/Improvements: Government should promote mechanization through establishment of custom hiring centres in large numbers to enable marginal and small farmers to avail its benefit at affordable rates.
Reaction kinetics and differential thermal analysis

Quantitative relationships between chemical kinetics and differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves are studied for the reactions which follow the general rate expression: r = r/sub 0/e/sup -E/RT/(1 - x). Both the frequency factor and the activation energy can be derived from a single DTA curve. From the known kinetic parameters, the DTA curve can also be predicted. The rather simple models developed in this work have been tested by the oxidation reaction of nuclear graphite with CO/sub 2/ and by data in the literature on the thermal dehydration of clays. The results are satisfactory considering the complexities involved in DTA.
John Beaton (1944–2018): an archaeological retrospective

John Mark Beaton died in Canberra early on the morning of 6 November 2018, ten days past his 74th birthday. The probable cause was a heart attack. He played a notable role in Australian archaeology...