cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Unique Case for Spinal Cord Stimulation: Successful Treatment of Small Fiber Neuropathy Pain Using Multiple Spinal Cord Stimulators

Spinal cord stimulators have commonly been used to treat multiple pain conditions. This case report represents a unique case of using multiple spinal cord stimulators for widespread small fiber neuropathy pain. This case report concerns patient JJ who first presented with generalized neuropathic pain. His pain was an intermittent burning, stinging quality that originally focused in both of his feet and progressed to include his legs and arms and eventually involved his entire body. The pain would last moments to hours at least daily. He reported a poor quality of life. He was diagnosed with small fiber neuropathy with anhydrosis, suggestive of idiopathic erythromelalgia. He had a spinal cord stimulator trial involving both cervical and lower thoracic percutaneous leads. After two spinal cord stimulators were implanted, the patient began to report an improvement in pain. The patient continues to report excellent pain relief. The patient uses the stimulator intermittently as needed, in an abortive fashion for pain flares. The patient is very pleased and has increased his activity. He now attends graduate school full time. This case report hopes to illustrate a unique use of multiple spinal cord stimulators in treating widespread neuropathic pain caused by small fiber neuropathy.
Single-Channel Enzymology

Until recent years, analysis of ion channel mechanisms belonged to the specialty of electrophysiology. Prerequisites for this work included a background in electronics, microelectrode techniques, and voltage clamping. In this voltage-clamp era, the complete repertoire of biochemical techniques had been difficult to apply to channel proteins because there were no routine assays for purification and functional studies. At present, advances in many fields have salvaged ion channels for biochemistry, as evidenced by the diversity of approaches in this volume. Liposome, planar bilayer, and patch recording studies take their inspiration from test-tube tactics that are familiar to many workers in the biochemical and molecular fields. The classical electrophysiologist now hastens to learn the subtleties of channel cloning, while the molecular biologist pauses to reviews the conclusions of noise analysis.
The City and the Revolutionary Tradition

It would be very pleasant on such an occasion as this to say that the American city has been and is a unique and unqualified success—and to be able to show that its successes all derive from adherence to principles established and given institutional form in the American Revolution, whose bicentennial we are here to commemorate.
A Unified Theory of Zero-Bias Anomalies and Energy-Loss Mechanisms in the Barrier

During the past six years a variety of experiments have been performed which reveal a rapidly varying tunnel conductance on an energy scale of from 5 to 100 meV. All of these variations occur at too small a bias (V ≲ 100 mV) or are too sharp to be attributed to variations in the junction potential with bias. In this chapter I shall outline a general theory in which these rapid variations in the differential tunnel conductance are attributed either to the excitation of internal degrees of freedom of the barrier or to self-energy effects in the electrodes.
Speaker change detection using joint audio-visual statistics

In this paper, we present an approach for speaker change detection in broadcast video using joint audio-visual scene change statistics. Our experiments indicate that using joint audio-visual statistics we achieve better recall without loss of precision as compared to purely audio domain approaches for speaker change detection.
Three New Species of Bythonia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) from South America

Three new species are added to the South American genus Bythonia: Two species from Peru and one from Colombia. A key to the species of this genus is also given.
An FHIR-based Framework for Consolidation of Augmented EHR from Hospitals for Public Health Analysis

Health Information Exchanges (HIEs) are the infrastructures for sharing health data between providers, patients, health agencies, researchers and other stakeholders. One of the important stakeholders are the public health policy makers or departments that can base their valuable decisions on real time Electronic Health record (EHR) data in addition to traditional surveillance data. Our proposed framework provides support to public health data systems to integrate data from a heterogeneous EHR and other sources, and consolidate them for public health analysis or mining. Models are created for both hospital EHR and FHIR formats and automated transformations are created to convert EHR to Public Health Record (PHR). This framework provides staff in public health departments a consolidated picture of a population's health based on individual EHR and contextual information such as social, economic, environmental and epidemiology elements. Unlike existing frameworks, this research proposes an infrastructure that sends complete longitudinal story of health record of public health interest instead of aggregated information. The framework also obviates the need for a single EHR format to be followed at every participating healthcare facility. This is done through an adapter at each site. This framework provides a comprehensive means of support for public health agencies to identify the determinants of health based on ground truth when considering priority populations and using EHR data and contextual information to focus public health action.
Mode of detection and breast cancer mortality by follow-up time and tumor characteristics among screened women in Cancer Prevention Study-II.

In a screened population, breast cancer-specific mortality is lower for screen-detected versus symptom-detected breast cancers; however, it is unclear whether this association varies by follow-up time and/or tumor characteristics. To further understand the prognostic utility of mode of detection, we examined its association with breast cancer-specific mortality, overall and by follow-up time, estrogen receptor status, tumor size, and grade. In the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, 3975 routinely screened women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (1992–2015). Among 2686 screen-detected and 1289 symptom-detected breast cancers, 206 and 209 breast cancer deaths, respectively, occurred up to 24 years post diagnosis. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from Cox proportional hazard regression models. Controlling for prognostic factors, symptom detection was associated with higher risk of breast cancer-specific death up to 5 years after diagnosis (HR≤5years = 1.88, 95% CI 1.21–2.91) this association was attenuated in subsequent follow-up (HR>5years = 1.26, 95% CI 0.98–1.63). Within tumor characteristic strata, there was a 1.3–2.7-fold higher risk of breast cancer death associated with symptom-detected cancers ≤ 5 years of follow-up, although associations were only significant for women with tumors < 2 cm (HR≤5years = 2.42, 95% CI 1.19–4.93) and for women with grade 1 or 2 tumors (HR≤5years = 2.72, 95% CI 1.33–5.57). In subsequent follow-up, associations were closer to the null. Screen detection is a powerful prognostic factor for short-term survival. Among women who survived at least 5 years after breast cancer diagnosis, other clinical factors may be more predictive of breast cancer survival.
HaloTag-Based Hybrid Targetable and Ratiometric Sensors for Intracellular Zinc.

We report a new series of small molecule–protein hybrid zinc sensors that combine genetic targetability with the spectroscopic profile of synthetic fluorophores. We functionalized the zinc sensor Z...
Technical advancements in robotic prostatectomy: single-port extraperitoneal robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy and single-port transperineal robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Background: To describe our step-by-step techniques for single-port robotic-assisted extraperitoneal and perineal radical prostatectomy as recent technical advancements in this field. Methods: An English-language literature review was done using search terms including extraperitoneal, transperineal, single-port, robotic surgery, prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy in various combinations. Unique features of the da Vinci SP ® platform are discussed. Details of surgical techniques with single-port robotic platform are also covered. Results: The relatively recent introduction of the da Vinci SP platform has led to the development of novel techniques for radical prostatectomy. Unique features of this platform including intracorporeal triangulation and double-articulating instruments will likely lead to widespread applications of this novel system. The principles of radical prostatectomy are reproducible with both extraperitoneal and perineal approaches via a single incision. Conclusions: A better cosmetic results as well as a quick recovery maybe potential advantages of single- port extraperitoneal/transperineal robotic prostatectomy. By avoiding the peritoneal cavity, a lower rate of bowel related complications and minimum systemic CO 2 absorption can be expected. Adverse effects of steep Trendelenburg positioning can be avoided with these techniques. Evaluation of the oncological and functional outcomes of these techniques will be necessary. Comparative trials with standard robotic surgery and cost-analysis studies remain hot topics for research after implementation of these new platforms at any institute.
Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening emergency that requires a prompt diagnosis and subsequent referral for urgent surgical intervention. A thorough understanding of ATAAD, including its clinical presentation and pathophysiology, as well as the diagnostic modalities and surgical treatment options available, is necessary for clinicians and surgeons to optimize patient survival. With appropriate management in the preoperative, operative, and postoperative period, contemporary results for the treatment of ATAAD are promising.
The detection of Rotavirus and Norwalkvirus in stool and cerebrospinal fluid of children with infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis

Objective To explore the common pathogen of infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis, and to study the differences between the seizures caused by the two kinds of virus.Methods RT-PCR was used to detect Rotavirus (RV) and Norwalkvirus (NoV) in stool and cerebrospinal fluid of 30 cases with infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis. The differences between the frequency of seizures caused by two kinds of virus were analyzed by statistical methods (two-sample t-test).Results 17/30 (56. 7%) were RV-positive in stool and 3/17 (17. 7%) in cerebrospinal fluid; 6/30 (25.0%) were NoV-positive in stool and 1/6 (16. 7%) in cerebrospinal fluid. The seizure frequency with NoV infection was (4. 33 ± 1.75) times, and RV infection patients was (2. 53 ± 1.12) times (P ＜ 0. 01).The seizure frequency of CSF virus-positive children was (4. 75 ± 1.71) times compared to (2. 63 ± 1.21)times in virus-negative children (P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion The common pathogens causing infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis were RV and NoV. The degree of NoV infection affecting the central nervous system may be greater than RV. The presence of the virus in cerebrospinal fluid may lead to higher incidence of seizures,but their exact roles related to the occurrence of seizures remain to be further studied. Key words: Gastroenteritis; Convulsions; Rotavirus; Norwalkvirus; Infants
Grappling with our therapeutic relationship and professional self-doubt during COVID-19: will we use video therapy again?

The social restrictions during the COVID-19 crisis led to many therapists providing therapy remotely, despite some therapists’ concerns regarding its efficacy, technical challenges and their abilit...
Pica behaviors in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease: a scoping review protocol.

Objective The objective of this review is to explore existing literature regarding pica in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease and to identify associated interventions and outcomes. Introduction Pica is a psychological eating disorder that is characterized by the consumption of items that contain no nutritional value. The ingestion of non-food items causes complications that can be harmful or even fatal. Approximately one-third of patients with sickle cell disease will also develop pica behaviors. Inclusion criteria This review will consider studies that include pediatric patients from 18 months to 18 years of age who have been diagnosed with any type of sickle cell disease and have a history of pica. The study will examine interventions used in any setting to treat pediatric patients with sickle cell disease and pica and associated outcomes. Any study type will be considered for inclusion. Methods Databases to be searched will include CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), Europe PubMed Central (PubMed), Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (EBSCO), and Scopus (Elsevier). Data will be extracted from included papers by two independent reviewers. The data extracted will include details about the populations, concept, context, and study methods of significance to the review questions and objective. The extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form in a manner that aligns to the objectives and scope of this review.
Plug-N-Pwned: Comprehensive Vulnerability Analysis of OBD-II Dongles as A New Over-the-Air Attack Surface in Automotive IoT

With the growing trend of the Internet of Things, a large number of wireless OBD-II dongles are developed, which can be simply plugged into vehicles to enable remote functions such as sophisticated vehicle control and status monitoring. However, since these dongles are directly connected with in-vehicle networks, they may open a new over-the-air attack surface for vehicles. In this paper, we conduct the first comprehensive security analysis on all wireless OBD-II dongles available on Amazon in the US in February 2019, which were 77 in total. To systematically perform the analysis, we design and implement an automated tool DONGLESCOPE that dynamically tests these dongles from all possible attack stages on a real automobile. With DONGLESCOPE, we have identified 5 different types of vulnerabilities, with 4 being newly discovered. Our results reveal that each of the 77 dongles exposes at least two types of these vulnerabilities, which indicates a widespread vulnerability exposure among wireless OBD-II dongles on the market today. To demonstrate the severity, we further construct 4 classes of concrete attacks with a variety of practical implications such as privacy leakage, property theft, and even safety threat. We also discuss the root causes and feasible countermeasures, and have made corresponding responsible disclosure.
Study on Correlation Between Subjective and Objective Metrics for Multimodal Retinal Image Registration

Retinal imaging is crucial in diagnosing and treating retinal diseases, and multimodal retinal image registration constitutes a major advance in understanding retinal diseases. Despite the fact that many methods have been proposed for the registration task, the evaluation metrics for successful registration have not been thoroughly studied. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the existing evaluation metrics for multimodal retinal image registration, and compare the similarity between the subjective grade of ophthalmologists and various objective metrics. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the corresponding confidence interval are used to evaluate metrics similarity. It is found that the binary and soft Dice coefficient on the segmented vessel can achieve the highest correlation with the subjective grades compared to other keypoint-supervised or unsupervised metrics. The paper established an objective metric that is highly correlated with the subjective evaluation of the ophthalmologists, which has never been studied before. The experimental results would build a connection between ophthalmology and image processing literature, and the findings may provide a good insight for researchers who investigate retinal image registration, retinal image segmentation and image domain transformation.
Wide bandwidth frequency-domain thermoreflectance: Volumetric heat capacity, anisotropic thermal conductivity, and thickness measurements

A frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) system with a frequency range of 1 Hz to 75 MHz is presented. The wide bandwidth of pump modulation frequency enables enhanced simultaneous thermophysical property characterization of bulk and thin-film materials. The wide bandwidth FDTR system is demonstrated with simultaneous measurements of in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities of sapphire and muscovite mica, thickness and thermal conductivity of gold/titanium thin films, and isotropic thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of lithium niobate and silicon. Thermophysical properties measured with FDTR are compared to literature values or independent measurements for verification. Finally, at low frequencies, a negligible error was achieved in the numerical integration of the heat diffusion equation with a Gauss-Legendre quadrature method solved with 400 integration points and an upper integration limit of 16weff, where weff is the effective pump-probe 1/e2 radius.
Rapid EGFR Mutation Detection Using the Idylla Platform: Single-Institution Experience of 1200 Cases Analyzed by an In-House Developed Pipeline and Comparison with Concurrent Next-Generation Sequencing Results

Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are the most common targetable alterations in lung adenocarcinoma. To facilitate rapid testing, the Idylla EGFR assay was incorporated as a screening method before next-generation sequencing (NGS). Validation and experience using an in-house developed analysis pipeline, enhanced with a manual review algorithm is described. Results are compared with corresponding NGS results. In all, 1249 samples were studied. Validation demonstrated 98.57% (69/70) concordance with the reference methods. The limit of detection varied from 2% to 5% variant allele frequency for total EGFR quantitation cycle between 20 and 23. Of the 1179 clinical cases, 23.41% were EGFR-positive by Idylla. Concurrent NGS was successfully performed on 94.9% (799/842) requests. Concordance of Idylla with NGS was 98.62% (788/799) and 98.50% (787/799) using our in-house and Idylla analysis pipelines, respectively. Discordances involved missed mutations by both assays associated with low tumor/low input. Incorporating a manual review algorithm to supplement automated calls improved accuracy from 98.62% to 99.37% and sensitivity from 94.68% to 97.58%. Overall reporting time, from receipt of material to official clinical report, ranged from 1 to 3 days. Therefore, Idylla EGFR testing enables rapid and sensitive screening without compromising subsequent comprehensive NGS, when required. Automated calling, enhanced with a manual review algorithm, reduces false-negative calls associated with low tumor/low input samples.
The nasal microbiome, nasal transcriptome, and pet sensitization.

Background Pet allergies are common in children with asthma. Microbiota and host responses may mediate allergen sensitization. Objective We sought to uncover host-microbe relationships in pet allergen sensitization via joint examination of the nasal microbiome and nasal transcriptome. Methods We collected nasal samples from 132 children with asthma for parallel 16S rRNA and RNA sequencing. Specific IgE levels for cat and dog dander were measured. Analyses of the nasal microbiome, nasal transcriptome, and their correlations were performed with respect to pet sensitization status. Results Among the 132 children, 91 (68.9%) were cat sensitized and 96 (72.7%) were dog sensitized. Cat sensitization was associated with lower nasal microbial diversity by Shannon index (P = .021) and differential nasal bacterial composition by weighted UniFrac distance (permutational multivariate ANOVA P = .035). Corynebacterium sp and Staphylococcus epidermidis were significantly less abundant, and the metabolic process “fatty acid elongation in mitochondria” was lower in pet-sensitized versus unsensitized children. Correlation networks revealed that the nasal expression levels of 47 genes representing inflammatory processes were negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Corynebacterium sp and S epidermidis. Thus, these species were directly associated not only with the absence of pet sensitization but also with the underexpression of host gene expression of inflammatory processes that contribute to allergen sensitization. Causal mediation analyses revealed that the associations between these nasal species and pet sensitization were mediated by nasal gene expression. Conclusions Higher abundances of nasal Corynebacterium sp and S epidermidis are associated with absence of pet sensitization and correlate with lower expression of inflammatory genes.
Juries, Judges, and Punitive Damages: Empirical Analyses Using the Civil Justice Survey of State Courts 1992, 1996, and 2001 Data

We analyze thousands of trials from a substantial fraction of the nation's most populous counties. Evidence across 10 years and three major data sets suggests that: (1) juries and judges award punitive damages in approximately the same ratio to compensatory damages, (2) the level of punitive damages awards has not increased, and (3) juries' and judges' tendencies to award punitive damages differ in bodily injury and no-bodily-injury cases. Jury trials are associated with a greater rate of punitive damages awards in financial injury cases. Judge trials are associated with a greater rate of punitive damages awards in bodily injury cases.
The Educator's Art of Prayer and Caring.

ABSTRACT Baccalaureate nursing students often encounter significant academic and personal hardships that produce stress-induced anxiety. Nursing educators can foster the practice of prayer and caring with struggling nursing students as a means of helping students manage anxiety and stress. Christian educators can offer prayer when guiding and counseling students who are struggling with academics or other situations that negatively influence their progress toward professional practice. Three case studies illustrate an educator's use of prayer with students.
Hypoxemia in Young Children Undergoing One-lung Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background One-lung ventilation in children remains a specialized practice with low case numbers even at tertiary centers, preventing an assessment of best practices. The authors hypothesized that certain case factors may be associated with a higher risk of intraprocedural hypoxemia in children undergoing thoracic surgery and one-lung ventilation. Methods The Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes database and a local quality improvement database were queried for documentation of one-lung ventilation in children 2 months to 3 yr of age inclusive between 2010 and 2020. Patients undergoing vascular or other cardiac procedures were excluded. All records were reviewed electronically for the presence of hypoxemia, oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (Spo2) less than 90% for 3 min or more continuously, and severe hypoxemia, Spo2 less than 90% for 5 min or more continuously during one-lung ventilation. Records were also assessed for hypercarbia, end-tidal CO2 greater than 60 mmHg for 5 min or more or a Paco2 greater than 60 on arterial blood gas. Covariates assessed for association with these outcomes included age, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists (Schaumburg, Illinois) Physical Status 3 or greater, duration of one-lung ventilation, preoperative Spo2 less than 98%, bronchial blocker versus endobronchial intubation, left operative side, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, lower tidal volume ventilation (tidal volume less than or equal to 6 ml/kg plus positive end expiratory pressure greater than or equal to 4 cm H2O for more than 80% of the duration of one-lung ventilation), and type of procedure. Results Three hundred six cases from 15 institutions were included for analysis. Hypoxemia and severe hypoxemia occurred in 81 of 306 (26%) patients and 56 of 306 (18%), respectively. Hypercarbia occurred in 153 of 306 (50%). Factors associated with lower risk of hypoxemia in multivariable analysis included left operative side (odds ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.251 to 0.78]) and bronchial blocker use (odds ratio, 0.351 [95% CI, 0.177 to 0.67]). Additionally, use of a bronchial blocker was associated with a reduced risk of severe hypoxemia (odds ratio, 0.290 [95% CI, 0.125 to 0.62]). Conclusions Use of a bronchial blocker was associated with a lower risk of hypoxemia in young children undergoing one-lung ventilation.
Zinc sulfide-pigmented polyethylene aerogel covers for daytime radiative cooling

Optically selective and thermally insulating (OSTI) covers, such as polyethylene aerogels (PEAs), have recently been proposed to improve subambient daytime radiative cooling performance by minimizing parasitic solar absorption and heat gain at the emitter. We investigate the addition of zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles inside PEAs to improve their optical selectivity. Solving for multiple scattering effects using the radiative transfer equation and Mie theory, we model the optical properties of PEA covers with different ZnS concentrations and particle diameters. Our theoretical and experimental results show that ZnS particles inside PEAs can significantly reduce solar transmittance ( 0.8). Our modeling also demonstrates that ZnS-pigmented PEA covers enable higher subambient cooling powers (up to 53.8 W / m2 higher) and lower stagnation temperatures than conventional PEA under direct solar radiation (1000 W / m2). Finally, we investigate spatial distribution of ZnS within the cover and show that confining the ZnS near the air–cover boundary can reduce the total ZnS mass required by 59% or can enable 4% higher cooling power. Our findings promise to improve the performance of subambient radiative coolers and enable their application in passive cooling of buildings and refrigeration of food produce.
Learning Personal Selling Through Cognitive Apprenticeship: Creating More Authentic Instruction Through the UA Sales Lab

The University of Alabama (UA) Sales Lab is an authentic technology-supported learning environment that is built upon principles of cognitive apprenticeship. Students need critical thinking and effective communication skills to be successful in business and the traditional classroom poses significant limitations in meeting these goals. Passive learning does not promote this type of thinking or communication (Munoz and Huser 2008). Simply reading a marketing textbook and listening to classroom lectures does not effectively mimic selling in the real world.
Making a Difference: NGOs and Development in a Changing World

Foreword * Contributors * Part I: Introduction * Part II: Working with Government * Part III: Increasing Impact Through Organisational Growth * Part IV: Linking the Grassroots with Lobbying and Advocacy * Advocacy in the North * Conclusion * References * Index
Government's public policy in regards to the National Health Information Infrastructure: two approaches.

public policy conducted whether by government institutions or by legislators has a definitive impact on society as whole. This presentation analyses these two approaches: (1) describing relevant activities conducted by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and (2) analyzing legislation that makes direct reference to the National Health Information Infrastructure (NHII).
Encoding mismatch in lossy source compression

A source sequence is described by the index of the codeword in some codebook C that is closest to it according to the distortion measure d/sub 0/(x,x/spl circ//sub 1/). We study the distortion associated with reconstructing the source sequence so as to minimize the distortion measured by d/sub 1/(x,x/spl circ//sub 1/), which is in general different from d/sub 0/(x,x/spl circ//sub 0/). Using a random coding argument we derive an upper bound on the resulting distortion. Applying this bound to blocks of source symbols we construct a sequence of bounds which are shown to converge to the least distortion achievable in this setup. This solves the rate distortion dual of an open problem related to the mismatched capacity of channels. Addressing a different kind of mismatch, we also study mean-squared-error description of non-Gaussian sources with Gaussian codebooks. It is shown that the use of a Gaussian codebook to compress any ergodic source results in an average distortion which depends on the source only via its second moment. The hardest source to describe is the memoryless Gaussian source, and it is best described using a Gaussian codebook. Once a Gaussian codebook is used, we show that all sources of a given second moment become equally hard to describe.
Disturbances of the blood-brain barrier in cerebrovascular disorders

The changes of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) play undoubtedly a significant role in pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disorders. First of all, breakdown of the BBB associated with extravasation of serum proteins leads to development of vasogenic brain edema in the brain tissue. Furthermore, there may occur, as it was observed in cerebral ischemia, an abnormal passage from the blood of various pharmacologically active substances, such as biogenic amines, entry of which is otherwise restricted by a normally functioning barrier. Finally, the BBB dysfunction, associated with faulty out-transport of metabolites and removal of toxic waste products, may contribute to tissue damage.
Energy- and area-efficient architectures through application clustering and architectural heterogeneity

Customizing architectures for particular applications is a promising approach to yield highly energy-efficient designs for embedded systems. This work explores the benefits of architectural customization for a class of embedded architectures typically used in energy- and area-constrained application domains, such as sensor nodes and multimedia processing. We implement a process flow that performs an automatic synthesis and evaluation of the different architectures based on runtime profiles of applications and determines an efficient architecture, with consideration for both energy and area constraints. An expressive architectural model, used by our engine, is introduced that takes advantage of efficient opcode allocation, several memory addressing modes, and operand types. By profiling embedded benchmarks from a variety of sensor and multimedia applications, we show that the energy savings resulting from various architectural optimizations relative to the base architectures (e.g., MIPS and MSP430) are significant and can reach 50p, depending on the application. We then identify the set of architectures that achieves near-optimal savings for a group of applications. Finally, we propose the use of heterogeneous ISA processors implementing those architectures as a solution to capitalize on energy savings provided by application customization while executing a range of applications efficiently.
Invasive aspergillosis of the hand

Aspergillosis is a fungal infection which may disseminate from the lung to bone, meninges, heart, or other organs. It is commonly found in patients with debilitating disease and those undergoing chemotherapy. A 6-year-old boy, seen at Fitzsimons Army Medical Center while being treated for acute monomyelocytic leukemia, developed invasive aspergillosis of the hand, requiring resection of the central three rays. This rare presentation of the disease required radical surgery to control its local manifestations and to prevent widespread dissemination.
On the planar limit of Tolman's length in an Ising model

Abstract It is shown that the curvature dependence of the surface tension for a finite-sized drop in an Ising model cannot be extracted from the planar interface.
Justification and awareness

In Justification Without Awareness, Michael Bergmann attacks Internalism and Mentalism. His attack on Internalism refutes some versions of an awareness requirement for justification but leaves another standing and well-motivated. His attack on Mentalism, while successful, leaves us with a difficult question—what non-mental features play a role in determining justification?—that his own externalist theory fails to answer correctly.
Vortex Flow in a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle

Introduction I N certain geometries, supersonic swirling jets mix more rapidly (in a shorter axial distance) with the surrounding gas than nonswirling jets and, thus,may  nd applicationin the  elds of combustion and propulsion.Experiments in which pressure-matchedsupersonic swirling jets dischargedinto stagnantair demonstratedgreater mixing layer growth rate in the near  eld,which could be correlated with mean streamline curvature.1;2 These studies also found that, if the jets were operated overexpanded, vortex breakdown occurred, leading to a substantial increase in mixing.A later study considered the injection of a supersonic swirling jet at 30 deg into a supersonic duct  ow.3 Other work includes that of Naughtonet al.4 and the referencesquoted therein.Critical to the implementationof the studies in Refs. 1–3 was the developmentof a simple, approximatemethod for the calculation of the  ow of a vortex in an axisymmetric nozzle.Thismethodassumessteady,quasi-one-dimensional (negligible radial velocity), irrotational, isentropic  ow with a line vortex (singularity)on theaxis and (itwas subsequentlyfound) is equivalent,in many respects, to the method ofMager. The purposeof this Note is to present the method and to establish its validity in this application by comparing the results of calculations to those of experiment.
IDENTIFICATION FIGURES OF BOYS AND GIRLS UNDER VARYING DEGREES OF IMPLIED STRESS

Summary.-The idtntification figures of 40 boys and 40 girls randomly selected from grades kirdergarten through 12 were obtained from questions implying normal tension, social tension, and primitive survival tension. The identification figures were judged on 17 psychological variables. The resulting configurations indicated techniques used by children to adjust to society within society's prescribed limits. There were significant differences in problem-solution techniques between boys and girls as well as problem-solution differences associated with different ciegrees of stress. Identification is an important way in which children learn social roles. When a child is involved in conflict with his society, as he often is in the normal course of development, he often seeks to alleviate the tension. Commonly he looks about for people w:io seem to have solved those adjustment problems which he faces. He then ries to adopt behaviors of these particular individuals, assuming that these behaviors will similarly solve his own problems. The adoption of the behaviors represents a reality testing of the role. If the role proves successful or reduces some tension either directly or symbolically, the child will continue the role. Most rcles which children adopt are not directly adaptive in the adult world, but for a time allow symbolic reduction of various tensions. While these roles tend to be transient, they are important for several reasons. First, the identificacion figxre is always selected to solve the major problem of the child at a particular time. Second, at the time of importance to the child the identification figure represents a major interest pattern and may for this reason be useful in derermiring the children's interests. Identification figure data may be handled in several ways. The most cornlnon approach with respect to children's interests is categorization of identification figures into groups having some descriptive or functional variables in common (e.g., all cowboys, et~.). This procedure masks individual identification figures, hence individual problems, within group categories. It does not afford examination of the tensions which produce an interest in a particular character as opposed to others. Categorization of interests or of identificacion figures is not, however, without considerable value. It affords the writer of children's materials, among others, a prediction of the general interests of a particular group, assuring a certain proportion of audience interest. A second approach is employed in the present study. It seeks to categorize psychological characteristics of the identification figure. The attempt has been to derive underlying tensions for which the identification figure selection is compensatory. For example, these categorizations would not cluster all
Decriminalization of Suicide in New Zealand and Suicide Rates

The decriminalization of suicide in New Zealand in 1961 did not lead to an increase in the suicide rate during the 10 years afterwards.
Full transverse-momentum spectra of low-mass Drell–Yan pairs at LHC energies

The transverse momentum distribution of low-mass Drell–Yan pairs is calculated in QCD perturbation theory with all-order resummation. We argue that at LHC energies the results should be reliable for the entire transverse momentum range. We demonstrate that the transverse momentum distribution of low-mass Drell–Yan pairs is an advantageous source of constraints on the gluon distribution and its nuclear dependence.
Online robust image alignment via iterative convex optimization

In this paper we study the problem of online aligning a newly arrived image to previously well-aligned images. Inspired by recent advances in batch image alignment using low rank decomposition [ ], we treat the newly arrived image, after alignment, as being linearly and sparsely reconstructed by the well-aligned ones. The task is accomplished by a sequence of convex optimization that minimizes the l\-norm. After that, online basis updating is pursued in two different ways: (1) a two-stage incremental alignment for joint registration of a large image dataset which is known a prior, and (2) a greedy online alignment of dynamically increasing image sequences, such as in the tracking scenario. In (1), we first sequentially collect basis images that are easily aligned by checking their reconstruction residuals, followed by the second stage where all images are re-aligned one-by-one using the collected basis set. In (2), during the tracking process, we dynamically enrich the image basis set by the new target if it significantly distinguishes itself from existing basis images. While inheriting the benefits of sparsity, our method enjoys the great time efficiency and therefore be capable of dealing with large image set and real time tasks such as visual tracking. The efficacy of the proposed online robust alignment algorithm is verified with extensive experiments on image set alignment and visual tracking, in reference with state-of-the-art methods.
Evidence for a JPC = 2−+, I = 0 resonance (orbital excitation of the η(549)) in γγ → ϱ0ϱ0

Abstract An analysis of recent γγ → ϱ 0 ϱ 0 data is performed. A 2 −+ isoscalar resonance at 1660 MeV together with a background arising from the tail of the f 0 (1270) provides a good fit to the data.
Use of autologous pregnancy plasma to treat a flare of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Case report and literature review

A patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis whose disease was in remission during pregnancy underwent third-trimester plasmaphereses. The stored plasma was returned to her 1 year postpartum, when the disease flared, without beneficial results. The literature on the use of blood products in rheumatoid arthritis and pregnancy is reviewed.
Temporomandibular joint adaptationsassociated with Herst appliance treatment in juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Abstract This study evaluated histologically the temporomandibular joint and posterior ramal regions in juvenile Rhesus monkeys whose mandibles had been positioned forward with a Herbst appliance. Acrylic splint Herbst appliances were bonded to the maxillary and mandibular dental arches of 20 male juvenile animals. The animals were killed at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-week intervals after appliance placement. Seven male juvenile Rhesus monkeys served as controls. The TMJ regions, including the posterior border of the rami, then were prepared for qualitative and quantitative histological analysis. Linear measurements were obtained by way of Bioquant microscopic equipment (Bioquant Image Analysis Corp, Nashville, TN). Structural adaptations were noted in the mandibular condyle, infratemporal fossa, and the posterior ramal border of the experimental animals in comparison to controls. Specifically, increased proliferation of the condylar cartilage was noted. These adaptations occurred primarily in the posterior and posterosuperior condylar regions. Bone deposition was noted along the anterior border of the postglenoid spine; bone resorption occurred along its posterior border. Significant bony apposition also was evident along the posterior border of the mandibular ramus during early experimental periods. No gross or microscopic pathological changes were noted in the temporomandibular joint in any of the animals. The results of this study indicate that the response of the temporomandibular joint region in the juvenile animals undergoing forced mandibular protrusion with the Herbst bite-jumping mechanism is similar to previous studies investigating the response to functional protrusion with cast occlusal splints. This study also may provide some insight into the general changes occurring microscopically in the temporomandibular joint regions of growing patients undergoing Herbst appliance therapy.
Male rat odor preferences for female urine as a function of sexual experience, urine age, and urine source

Abstract Sexually experienced Long-Evans male rats preferred estrous to diestrous urine odor and estrous urine odor to distilled water odor in an automated test situation. Sexually inexperienced males did not exhibit these preferences. Odor from externally voided urine was not preferred to odor from urine taken directly from the bladder. Fresh estrous urine odor, but not odor from estrous urines collected 24, 48, and 72 hr before testing, was preferred to fresh diestrous urine odor. These results are discussed in relation to the possible use of urine for accurate detection of sexual state by rats.
Growth of explanted chick embryos on a chemically defined medium and effects of specific amino acid deficiencies.

Abstract Chick embryos of 11–13 somites were cultivated in vitro for either 24- or 48-hour periods. A net accumulation of both protein nitrogen and DNA was observed in embryos cultured on a chemically defined medium. Data are presented which indicate that the chick embryo requires both leucine and lysine, but not aspartic acid or proline. Protein nitrogen and DNA content of embryos cultured on a medium containing egg nutrients were higher than the levels observed for embryos after cultivation on a chemically defined medium.
Marine solution chemistry and ionic interactions

Abstract Short-range ion-water and ion-ion interactions have been shown to affect equilibrium processes (acid-base, solubility, oxidation-reductions) as well as the physical-chemical properties of natural waters. As ionic interactions affect the state of metal ions, it has been suggested by many workers that biological toxicity and availability are affected by ionic interactions. Recent work has also shown that ionic interactions can affect the rates of chemical processes in natural waters. In the present paper I will review the recent marine solution chemistry studies using models to understand processes occurring in natural waters. The two most popular models for ionic interactions are the ion pairing speciation model and the Pitzer specific interaction model. Both have their utility and a combination of the two will be the best model for the future. In our recent studies we have examined how ionic interactions affect the rates of oxidation of metals and nonmetals in seawater. The effects of the major cations and anions of seawater have been shown to increase or decrease the oxidation rates. The interactions of Cu(I) with Cl − cause the rates to decrease, whereas the interactions of Fe(II) with OH − cause the rates to increase. An increase in pH can increase the oxidation rates of H 2 S and decrease the oxidation of SO 2 . These increases and decreases in reaction rates are related to changes in the rates for various forms of the reactants in solution. By using ionic interaction models one can account for the changes in the rates caused by changes in the composition of natural waters.
Establishing Variability for Hot-Mix Asphalt Construction in Arkansas

The Arkansas quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) specification for hot-mix asphalt (HMA) construction was initially developed from data and experience gained with the Marshall method of mix design. The implementation of Superpave®, coupled with the initiation of the largest asphalt construction program in the state's history, resulted in questions relating to the suitability of the QC/QA specification. Research was undertaken to revise the existing program or create a new specification. The first step in the effort was to establish typical HMA construction variability in terms of the pay factors used in Arkansas: air voids, voids in the mineral aggregate, binder content, and field density. Six projects were randomly sampled and tested by three operators: the contractor, the agency, and the research team. Six specimens were prepared by each operator at each of four testing times within each project. The results of the testing showed that the six projects bracketed a wide variation in mixture quality ...
Extension of the hidden symmetry algebra in classical principal chiral models

Abstract By considering the inverse Brezin-Itzykson-Zinn-Justin-Zuber procedure and the linearization system derived from it, the infinite-parameter Lie algebra for the hidden symmetry in 2-dimensional principal chiral and superchiral models is extended from G ⊗ C [t] to G ⊗ C [t,t −1 ] ⊕ G , where G ⊗ C [t,t −1 ] is the true full Kac-Moody algebra without center. This is done in the formalism with left-invariant potentials. In the parallel development with right-invariant potentials it is shown to be impossible to enlarge the hidden symmetry algebra further.