cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vaporization reactions in samarium + fluorine

Abstract The vaporization and sublimation reactions for samarium + fluorine have been investigated by mass-loss, X-ray powder diffraction, and elemental analysis. Upon heating, SmF2.00 decomposes to a metal-rich vapor and a metal-deficient residue of composition SmF2.40 which vaporizes congruently. Vapor pressures and temperatures were collected by the Knudsen effusion method for the solid-phase compositions SmF2.40 and SmF3.0. From a slope-intercept treatment of the results according to the reactions: SmF 2.40 (s,1) = 0.60SmF 2 (g) + 0.40SmF 3 (g), SmF 3.00 (s,1) = SmF 2 (g) the following enthalpy and entropy changes with associated standard deviations were derived at the median temperatures: for reaction (i), ΔHo(1580 K) = (378·6 ± 9·2) kJ mol−1 and ΔSo(1580 K) = (155·6 ± 5·9) J K−1 mol−1; for reaction (ii), ΔHo(SmF3.00, s, 1462 K) = (405·9 ± 8·4) kJ mol−1; ΔSo(SmF3.00, s, 1462 K) = (183·7 ± 5·9) J K−1 mol−1; ΔHo(SmF3.00, l, 1669 K) = (354 ± 20) kJ mol−1; and ΔSo(SmF3.00, l, 1669 K) = (141 ± 12) J K−1 mol−1. Estimated and reported thermodynamic functions were employed to reduce these results to 298.15 K: for reaction (i), ΔHo = (419 ± 14) kJ mol−1 and ΔSo = (193 ± 12) J K−1 mol−1; for reaction (ii), ΔHo = (433·9 ± 8·4) kJ mol−1 and ΔSo = (225·2 ± 7·1) J K−1 mol−1. By use of the third-law procedure the following ΔHo(298.15 K) values were derived: for (i), (437 ± 12) kJ mol−1; for (ii), (435 ± 11) kJ mol−1.
NF-κB inducing kinase: a key regulator in the immune system and in cancer

NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is a kinase that activates the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways to control transcriptional expression of certain proteins such as cytokines, chemokines and NF-κB signaling molecules. Many advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the stability of NIK is regulated to affect downstream signaling. Genetic mouse models suggest that NIK plays an essential role in the regulation of the immune system as well as in the bone microenvironment. Increasing evidence links NIK to the tumorigenesis of hematological cancers, such as multiple myeloma, and solid tumors, such as pancreatic carcinoma and melanoma. Understanding the mechanism by which NIK is de-regulated will potentially provide therapeutic options for certain diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer.
Lagrangian simulation of transport pathways and residence times along the western Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract The relative contribution of ocean circulation in producing areas where marine mammals and other predators concentrate to produce biological hot spots along the continental shelf of the western Antarctic Peninsula (wAP) was investigated with numerical Lagrangian particle tracking simulations. Circulation distributions used in the Lagrangian simulations were obtained from the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) configured for the wAP region, with a horizontal resolution of 4 km and a vertical resolution of 24 sigma-layers. To determine release points for the floats, the simulated circulation fields were first analyzed to estimate scales of temporal variability. The temporal decorrelation scales of the simulated surface flow over most of the wAP shelf were 2–3 days. However, decorrelation scales of about 40 days were found for the surface flow in the southern part of Marguerite Bay. Temporal decorrelation scales for the flow below the permanent pycnocline at the depth of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) intrusions (below 250 m) were between 40 and 70 days along the northern flank of Marguerite Trough and extending into Marguerite Bay. Near Adelaide Island, Anvers Island and the offshore side of Alexander Island, the velocity decorrelation scales varied between 40 and 60 days. Floats were released in the wAP simulated circulation fields along the outer and mid-shelf at a range of depths in different seasons. The simulated particle trajectories showed preferred sites for across-shelf transport, with Marguerite Trough being a primary pathway for movement of floats into Marguerite Bay, Crystal Sound and the inner shelf region. The three primary biological hot spots, Crystal Sound, Laubeuf Fjord, and off Alexander Island, were sites with the longest particle residence times, being 18–27 days for Alexander Island and Crystal Sound to almost 35 days for Laubeuf Fjord. However, the source regions and circulation processes that provided the input of particles differed for each site. The Lagrangian particle tracking results showed the importance of the circulation in developing localized biological hot spots along the wAP, perhaps by facilitating aggregation of planktonic prey.
Critical slowing down of spin fluctuations in K2FeO4

Abstract Using Mossbauer spectroscopy and relaxation theory, we are investigating the antiferromagnetic transition in K 2 FeO 4 . The two samples studied do not give identical experimental results. The first experimental results are interpreted in terms of critical slowing down of spin fluctuations, while the second require simultaneous paramagnetic and ordered components.
Management of metabolic syndrome, a cookbook no longer

The Third Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) and the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) were published in September 2002 (with update in 2004) and December 2003 respectively. 1, 2 Over the past three years clinicians have been anxiously awaiting the update of these guidelines; however, we are still waiting.
A New Accurate Finite-Difference Scheme for the Thermal Analysis of One-Dimensional Microspheres Exposed to Ultrashort-Pulsed Lasers

Ultrashort-pulsed lasers with pulse durations of the order of subpicoseconds to femtoseconds possess exclusive capabilities in limiting the undesirable spread of the thermal process zone in the heated sample. Parabolic two-step micro heat transport equations have been widely applied for thermal analysis of thin metallic films exposed to ultrashort laser pulses. In this study, we develop a higher-order-accurate compact finite-difference scheme for solving the heat transport equations in a one-dimensional microsphere exposed to ultrashort-pulsed lasers, where the boundary is assumed to be thermally insulated. The method is illustrated by two numerical examples.
Nonlinear Seismic Response and Parametric Examination of Horizontally Curved Steel Bridges Using 3D Computational Models

AbstractThe seismic behavior of horizontally curved steel bridges is more complex than straight bridges because of their curvature and other parameters. Studies that attempt to develop methods to efficiently predict their seismic response have been somewhat limited to date. A computational modeling approach was examined to assist with understanding the seismic behavior of these bridges. The computational, three-dimensional (3D) bridge models consisting of the concrete deck, steel girders, cross-frames, pier columns and caps, and abutments and footings were created in OpenSees and examined for accuracy via application to a representative, three-span continuous curved steel plate girder bridge in Pennsylvania. Sensitivity studies in the form of tornado analyses were also carried out to investigate the influence of critical curved bridge parameters on the seismic response using a group of representative bridges. Each representative bridge was subjected to an ensemble of synthetic ground motions, and seismic ...
Slacked Lime as a Preventive of Scours for Whey-fed Calves

Summary Studies involving 30 Holstein calves were carried out to formulate the best system of starting and continuing calves on reconstituted whey to 60 days of age. Approximately normal rates of growth were obtained when whole milk was continued for 2 weeks, followed by a gradual change to remade whey, provided that when scours occurred they were stopped by the addition of slacked lime ( 1 4 teaspoon) to each feeding of remade whey.
A review of calculations for unsteady burning of a solid propellant.

A = E(l T^ admittance function, Eq. (1) sensitivity of gas phase to pressure changes specific heats of solid and gas activation energy for surface reaction E = ES/RTS enthalpy latent heat for surface reaction; Hp > 0 for exothermic s_urface reaction H = Hp/cT average mass flux fluctuation of mass flux at the surface index in the linear burning rate law, r = ap index in the surface pyrolysis law, Eq. (25) average heat release (per unit volume) in solid heat release in gas phase fluctuations of heat transfer at the average position of the surface, x = 0 fluctuations of heat release at the burning surface linear burning rate universal gas constant initial temperature of propellant, x -*• — co temperature of burning surface flame temperature average chamber temperature, x -*+ °° surface displacement, velocity functions defined in Eqs. (22) and (27) functions defined in Eqs. (22) and (27) stands for p'/p Eqs. (17-20) thermal conductivities of solid and gas stands for (ms'/m)r density of solid propellant and gas phase average density in chamber normalized temperature or a time lag dimensionless frequency parameters for the solid and gas phases; Eqs. (18) and following Eq. (34) real angular frequency mean value fluctuating value evaluated at the solid-gas interface evaluated on the gas (+) or solid ( — ) side evaluated on the gas or solid side of the mean position of the burning surface evaluated at the flame, or just downstream of the flame real part imaginary part
The Political Context of Economic Adaptation in the Southern Highlands of Tanganyika

N THIS paper I shall be concerned with the shifting ecological adjustment of the Hehe, a Bantu speaking people who occupy the Southern Highlands Area of Tanganyika. I mean by ecology both physical conditions of elevation, soils, rainfall and vegetation and the social setting of surrounding peoples, warfare, trade and colonial intervention. Ecological investigation in anthropology must be concerned with detailed physical adjustment over very short time periods. Yet in the attempt to document the close relationship between selection of crops, the use of particular strains of cattle, sheep, or goats, or the techniques for handling the soil, it is easy to ignore other factors within the environment such as nearby peoples, invaders, and periodic raids from a distance. The result of such concentration upon detailed analysis of the relation between, say, rainfall and the deployment of people on the land can be a loss of the perspective which comes from a broader historical investigation. That is, study becomes too localized in both time and space and thus may lose the larger context within which people must adjust. It is my intention in this paper to indicate in a schematic manner the shifting adjustment of the Hehe people to political and physical factors within their environment over the last hundred years or so. The Iringa Area of the Southern Highlands Region of Tanganyika offers a wide array of environmental conditions. Broadly speaking, from north to south there is a range from a hot dry plain of mixed thorn scrub, through a steep transitional escarpment to a central belt of medium temperature, elevation, and rainfall, to a high, cool grassland and finally a rugged highland of nearly constant cloud cover, high total rainfall, and rainforest vegetation. This great diversity of environment is accompanied by an equally great diversity of subsistence adjustments. In the dry plains the herding of cattle, sheep, and goats is a primary subsistence activity, though agriculture is practiced along the permanent water courses and also less extensively along the temporary water courses. In the escarpment there is scattered temporary grazing of cattle during and just following the rainy season by inhabitants of the plains. In addition, there are also temporary fields opened by people from the highlands. In the medium altitude highlands, permanent springs and streams are available and agriculture is fairly fixed. Settlements are quite large with houses scattered among the fields. Fields are inter-planted in a complex manner and a modest exportable surplus of maize is produced in most years. The high grasslands carries a very light population. Due to the unnutritious nature of the grass and the cold windswept nature of the rolling countryside, the population is restricted to scattered houses located in small sheltered val-
Transcriptional and Epigenetic Substrates of Methamphetamine Addiction and Withdrawal: Evidence from a Long-Access Self-Administration Model in the Rat

Methamphetamine use disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent binge episodes, intervals of abstinence, and relapses to drug use. Humans addicted to methamphetamine experience various degrees of cognitive deficits and other neurological abnormalities that complicate their activities of daily living and their participation in treatment programs. Importantly, models of methamphetamine addiction in rodents have shown that animals will readily learn to give themselves methamphetamine. Rats also accelerate their intake over time. Microarray studies have also shown that methamphetamine taking is associated with major transcriptional changes in the striatum measured within a short or longer time after cessation of drug taking. After a 2-h withdrawal time, there was increased expression of genes that participate in transcription regulation. These included cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB), ETS domain-containing protein (ELK1), and members of the FOS family of transcription factors. Other genes of interest include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor, type 2 (TrkB), and synaptophysin. Methamphetamine-induced transcription was found to be regulated via phosphorylated CREB-dependent events. After a 30-day withdrawal from methamphetamine self-administration, however, there was mostly decreased expression of transcription factors including junD. There was also downregulation of genes whose protein products are constituents of chromatin-remodeling complexes. Altogether, these genome-wide results show that methamphetamine abuse might be associated with altered regulation of a diversity of gene networks that impact cellular and synaptic functions. These transcriptional changes might serve as triggers for the neuropsychiatric presentations of humans who abuse this drug. Better understanding of the way that gene products interact to cause methamphetamine addiction will help to develop better pharmacological treatment of methamphetamine addicts.
High yield synthesis and lithography of silica-based nanospring mats

In this study we report a novel technology for synthesizing silica-based nanosprings with a yield higher than 90%, and with 100% repeatability. The nanospring mats are grown via the liquid–vapour–solid mechanism using a gold catalyst, where the deposition temperature can be as low as 350 ◦ C. XPS analysis shows that the as-grown nanosprings have components of silicon and oxygen with an atomic ratio close to silica. Both SEM and TEM images illustrate that the helical structure of the nanosprings is extremely uniform. Tw ot ypes of nanosprings are observed using TEM. The first type of silica nanospring is formed from a single nanowire, whereas the second type consists of multiple intertwined nanowires. Patterned deposition of nanosprings has been achieved using this technology.
Current Problems in Low Energy Ion Beam Materials Analysis with SIMS

A major requirement of the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) technique is a universal procedure for preparing standards by introducing controlled amounts of any desired element into any substrate. Ion implantation ideally fills this role. Conversely, a major requirement for ion implantation research is a universal analytical technique capable of characterizing the in-depth distribution of implanted species at concentrations of ~ 1 ppm and below. This requirement is being increasingly satisfied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. This review will illustrate the complementary nature of these two techniques with examples from current research.
An Introduction to Property Theory

This book surveys the leading modern theories of property - Lockean, libertarian, utilitarian/law-and-economics, personhood, Kantian and human flourishing - and then applies those theories to concrete contexts in which property issues have been especially controversial. These include redistribution, the right to exclude, regulatory takings, eminent domain and intellectual property. The book highlights the Aristotelian human flourishing theory of property, providing the most comprehensive and accessible introduction to that theory to date. The book's goal is neither to cover every conceivable theory nor to discuss every possible facet of the theories covered. Instead, it aims to make the major property theories comprehensible to beginners, without sacrificing accuracy or sophistication. The book will be of particular interest to students seeking an accessible introduction to contemporary theories of property, but even specialists will benefit from the book's lucid descriptions of contemporary debates.
Calcitonin Activity in Ultimobranchial Neoplasms from Bulls

Ultimobranchial neoplasms from 5 bulls that were extracted and assayed individually contained approximately 68% as much calcitonin activity (452 * 68 MRC mU/g) as thyroid glands from control bulls (663 f 165 MRC mU/g). These results were consistent with the ultrastructural finding that thyroid neoplasms in old bulls were com- posed of primitive ultimobranchial cells which contained few mature secretory granules characteristic of parafollicular (C-) cells. Significant difference in calcitonin concentration was not detected between thyroid glands of control cows (617 f 106 MRC mU/g) and bulls without ultimobranchial neoplasms. The recent discovery of calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin) (CT) (9, 161 has renewed interest in the endocrine control of calcium metabolism in a number of species. Studies of GODWIN (12) and PEARSE and CARVALHEIRA (27) sug- gested that the parafollicular or C-cells responsible for secretion of CT were derived from cells, possibly of neurocystic origin, that migrated into the ultimobranchial body during early embryonic development. Further inves- tigations by COPP et ai. (7, 81 led to the extraction and isolation of CT from ultimobranchial glands of a number of submammalian species. The ultimobranchial body is derived in higher vertebrates from the ter- minal branchial pouch in close proximity to other endocrine glands involved in the homeostatic regulation of mineral metabolism. Ultimobranchial tissue varies in postnatal location from within the pericardial transverse septum in fish, near the parathyroid glands in birds, to incorporation within the thy- roid tissue in higher mammals. In cattle the ultimobranchial body becomes incorporated in the vasculo-stromal hilus of the thyroid with an ingrowth of cell cords along connective tissue stroma of the gland (19).
Nutrition support in the morbidly obese, critically ill patient.

Nutrition support in the critically ill patient is challenging but is even more difficult in a morbidly obese patient. This case report chronicles the care of a 6-foot-tall, 256-kg male (body mass index 76.5 kg/m2) who spent over a month in the intensive care unit for respiratory failure, sepsis, and acute renal failure. Parenteral nutrition was provided throughout his critical care course. One of the major difficulties encountered was determining his nutritional needs. A hypocaloric nutritional regimen was used, along with moderate protein provisions. Numerous electrolyte imbalances occurred, including hypercalcemia that did not resolve by eliminating calcium from the parenteral nutrition solution. Enteral nutrition was desired but was not used initially because of a need for vasopressors, a diagnosis of pancreatitis, difficulty in documenting feeding tube placement because of diagnostic limitations secondary to the patient's large size, and concern about managing stools. Eventually, oral intake and supp...
Effects of dopamine, a compound released by the green-tide macroalga Ulvaria obscura (Chlorophyta), on marine algae and invertebrate larvae and juveniles

Dopamine is produced by Ulvaria obscura, a bloom-forming green alga that occurs from the mid intertidal to the shallow subtidal zones of North Pacific and North Atlantic shores. Its concentrations in the alga are approximately 0.5–1% of the alga's fresh mass. When experimentally desiccated and rehydrated at ecologically realistic densities, Ulvaria releases dopamine, resulting in seawater dopamine concentrations that can exceed 500 μM. Thus, dopamine could be responsible for previous reports of bioactivity by Ulvaria exudates. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the effects of dopamine in seawater on co-occurring macroalgae and crab larvae and juveniles. We ran assays that examined the effects of a range of dopamine concentrations on the growth of the green alga Ulva lactuca, on the germination of zygotes of the brown alga Fucus distichus, and on the survival, time to metamorphosis and time to first molt of crab (Metacarcinus magister and Cancer oregonensis) larvae and juveniles. Dopamine began to inhi...
Five-Year Follow-Up Of A Nurse-Initiated Intervention To Improve Mammography Recommendation

Background: In a previous study we found immediate effectiveness of a nurse-initiated intervention on improving mammography recommendation rates in a family practice residency program. To determine the long-term effectiveness of this ongoing intervention, we performed a chart audit study on two different groups of charts 5 years after the institution of the intervention. Methods: Chart audits for mammogram recommendation and completion rates were conducted on an original cohort group of women aged 40 years and older (n = 91) and a new 5-year postintervention group of women aged 53 years and older (n= 189). Preintervention, postintervention, and 5-year postintervention rates were compared within the cohort group. Rates of the new 5-year postintervention group were compared with rates of women 50 years and older from the original pre intervention group and postintervention group. Results: For the original cohort group the improvement in "mammograms done at least once in the past 3 years" was maintained 5 years later, and there was a statistically significant increased rate from the postintervention to 5 years later (73.9 percent versus 86.8 percent, P< 0.02) for "mammograms done or recommended at least once in the past 3 years." This improvement was also noted for the new 5-year postintervention group when their rates were compared with the pre intervention and postintervention group rates. For "mammograms done at least once in the past 3 years," the rates were 34.2 percent, 45.5 percent, and 64 percent, respectively. For "mammograms done or recommended at least once in the past 3 years," the rates were 42.6 percent, 72.7 percent, and 90.0 percent, respectively. In a separate analysis, annual mammogram rates in the new 5-year postintervention group for the 3 years preceding this study were 44.8 percent (1990), 36.5 percent (1991), and 36.5 percent (1992). Eleven percent of women had a mammogram done in each of the 3 consecutive years. Conclusion: An ongoing nurse-initiated intervention is a feasible method of improving and maintaining mammogram recommendation and completion rates. Further studies of interventions to improve the rate at which eligible women get consecutive annual mammograms are needed. 0 Am Board Fam Pract 1995; 8:452-6.)
Satellite interferometric observations of displacements associated with seasonal groundwater in the Los Angeles basin

[1] The Newport-Inglewood fault zone (NIFZ) displays interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) phase features along most of its length having amplitudes of up to 60 mm. However, interpretation in terms of right-lateral, shallow slip along the fault fails to match the range of geologic estimates of slip. Recently, Bawden et al. [2001] proposed that these phase features, as well as a broader deformation pattern in the Los Angeles basin, are due to vertical motion related to annual variations in the elevation of the water table. We confirm this hypothesis through the analysis of a longer span of data consisting of 26 SAR images collected by the ERS-1 and ERS-2 spacecraft between June 1992 and June 2000. Moreover, we use continuous GPS measurements from 1995 to the present to establish the amplitude and phase of the vertical deformation. The Los Angeles basin becomes most inflated one quarter of the way through the year, which is consistent with water table measurements as well as with the end of the rainy season when the aquifer should be at a maximum. The spatial pattern of the amplitude of the annual signal derived from continuous GPS measurements is consistent with the shape of the interferometric fringes. GPS sites both near the NIFZ and in a 20 by 40 km zone within the basin also show significant N-S annual variations that may be related to the differential expansion across the fault. Since these horizontal signals have peak-to-trough amplitudes of 6 mm, they mask the smaller tectonic signals and need to be taken into account when interpreting GPS time series of site position. Moreover, since the groundwater signal appears to have a long-term vertical trend which varies in sign depending on location, it will be difficult to distinguish interseismic tectonic slip along the NIFZ and within the affected areas in the basin.
Solvent dependent photoisomerization of polyene nitriles

Abstract The initial product ratios of several polyene nitriles, which do not have low lying n,π* states, are reported. The solvent dependent chemistry has been discussed in conjunction with the well known retinal chemistry.
Wiener Chaos expansions and numerical solutions of randomly forced equations of fluid mechanics

In this paper, we propose a numerical method based on Wiener Chaos expansion and apply it to solve the stochastic Burgers and Navier-Stokes equations driven by Brownian motion. The main advantage of the Wiener Chaos approach is that it allows for the separation of random and deterministic effects in a rigorous and effective manner. The separation principle effectively reduces a stochastic equation to its associated propagator, a system of deterministic equations for the coefficients of the Wiener Chaos expansion. Simple formulas for statistical moments of the stochastic solution are presented. These formulas only involve the solutions of the propagator. We demonstrate that for short time solutions the numerical methods based on the Wiener Chaos expansion are more efficient and accurate than those based on the Monte Carlo simulations.
Examining Diagnostic Tests: An Evidence-Based Perspective

Diagnosis is an important aspect of physical therapist practice. Selecting tests that will provide the most accurate information and evaluating the results appropriately are important clinical skills. Most of the discussion in physical therapy to date has centered on defining diagnosis, with considerably less attention paid to elucidating the diagnostic process. Determining the best diagnostic tests for use in clinical situations requires an ability to appraise evidence in the literature that describes the accuracy and interpretation of the results of testing. Important issues for judging studies of diagnostic tests are not widely disseminated or adhered to in the literature. Lack of awareness of these issues may lead to misinterpretation of the results. The application of evidence to clinical practice also requires an understanding of evidence and its use in decision making. The purpose of this article is to present an evidence-based perspective on the diagnostic process in physical therapy. Issues relevant to the appraisal of evidence regarding diagnostic tests and integration of the evidence into patient management are presented.
Aircraft and runway deicers at General Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. 1. Biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen in receiving streams

Aircraft and runway deicers are used during cold weather at many of the world's airports to facilitate safe air travel. Propylene glycol-, ethylene glycol-, and urea-based deicers are known to have very high biochemical oxygen demand. At General Mitchell International Airport (GMIA) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, deicer application, water chemistry, and dissolved oxygen (DO) data were collected for two deicing seasons in order to evaluate and define premanagement water quality parameters prior to the implementation of a glycol management program. Calculations using stream-monitoring data during a controlled release of deicer provided an estimate of 0.8/d for the first-order decay rate constant, substantially higher than published laboratory test results. For eight precipitation events with deicing activities, between 2.4 and 99% of propylene and ethylene glycol applied to aircraft was delivered directly to receiving streams. The percentage of glycol runoff during an event increased with increasing storm-flow volume. Elevated concentrations of glycol and biochemical oxygen demand were measured downstream from the airport. However, the frequency of low DO concentrations in the receiving streams is comparable with that at an upstream reference site. This is possibly due to slowed bacteria metabolism at low water temperatures, short travel times, and dilution from downstream tributaries.
Glucose and Nutrient Concentrations Affect the Expression of a 104-Kilodalton Listeria Adhesion Protein in Listeria monocytogenes

Growth media and environmental conditions influence the expression of adhesion and invasion proteins in Listeria monocytogenes. Here, the expression of the 104-kDa Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) was studied in nutrient-rich media (Trypticase soy broth [TSB] and brain heart infusion [BHI]), minimal medium (Luria-Bertani [LB]), or nutrient-deficient medium (peptone water [PW]) by immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoelectron microscopy. Also, the effect of incorporating different concentrations of glucose on LAP expression was studied. Immunoblotting showed that LAP expression was at least twofold higher in LB medium than in TSB or BHI, while PW supported very poor cell growth and LAP expression. ELISA and immunoblotting results showed that higher concentrations of glucose (>1.6 g/liter) lowered the culture pH and suppressed LAP expression by more than 75%; however, the addition of K(2)HPO(4) reduced this effect. L. monocytogenes cells grown in LB media with lower concentrations of glucose showed higher adhesion to Caco-2 cells (3,716 and 4,186 cpm of attached bacteria for 0 and 0.2 g of glucose/liter, respectively), while L. monocytogenes cells grown in LB with higher glucose concentrations exhibited lower adhesion (2,126 and 2,221 cpm for 1.6 and 3.2 g of glucose/liter, respectively). A LAP-negative L. monocytogenes strain (A572) showed low adhesion profiles regardless of the amount of glucose added. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that LAP is localized mainly in the cytoplasm, with only a few molecules located on the cell surface. Growth in LB with high glucose (3.2 g/liter) showed the presence of only a few molecules in the cells, corroborating the results observed with ELISA or immunoblotting. In summary, nutrient-rich media and high concentrations of glucose suppressed LAP expression, which possibly is due to the changes in the pH of the media during growth from the accumulation of sugar fermentation by-products.
Differential Stimulation of Histone and High Mobility Group Chromatin Protein Synthesis in the Rat Uterus by Estrogen

Uterine tissue isolated from immature rats at different times after estradiol injection was incubated with medium containing [3H]lysine. The acid-extractable protein from the uterine tissue was subjected to electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate and acidurea-Triton X-100 polyacrylamide gels, and the rate of chromatin protein synthesis determined by densitometric analysis of the fluorographs of the gels. Synthesis of chromatin proteins (histones and high mobility group chromatin proteins) was stimulated by 3 h after estrogen treatment and reached a peak at 9 h, several hours before DNA synthesis was stimulated. Synthesis of chromatin proteins occurred at the same time as total cellular protein synthesis. Estrogen stimulated the synthesis of histone variants at different rates, but the accumulation of histone proteins remained coordinated such that equivalent amounts of histone proteins were being produced at any one time.
Thin-Section CT of the Secondary Pulmonary Lobule: Anatomy and the Image—The 2004 Fleischner Lecture

The secondary pulmonary lobule is a fundamental unit of lung structure, and it reproduces the lung in miniature. Airways, pulmonary arteries, veins, lymphatics, and the lung interstitium are all represented at the level of the secondary lobule. Several of these components of the secondary lobule are normally visible on thin-section computed tomographic (CT) scans of the lung. The recognition of lung abnormalities relative to the structures of the secondary lobule is fundamental to the interpretation of thin-section CT scans. Pathologic alterations in secondary lobular anatomy visible on thin-section CT scans include interlobular septal thickening and diseases with peripheral lobular distribution, centrilobular abnormalities, and panlobular abnormalities. The differential diagnosis of lobular abnormalities is based on comparisons between lobular anatomy and lung pathology. © RSNA, 2006
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine in patients at steady state.

The pharmacokinetics and associated pharmacodynamics of nifedipine were studied at steady state in 12 patients with angina pectoris who were receiving nifedipine 10-40 mg tid. After dosing, serum nifedipine concentrations rose rapidly and decayed in a log-linear fashion. The mean (+/- SEM) maximum serum concentration (Cmax) after dose normalization, and the time to Cmax (tmax) were 115 +/- 7 ng/mL and 0.72 +/- 0.13 hr, respectively. The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve per 10-mg dose was 304 +/- 34 hr-ng/mL. The average elimination rate constant was 0.205 +/- 0.016 hr, and the harmonic mean elimination half-life was 3.4 hr (range, 2.5-4.9 hr). Heart rate increased (5-6 beats/min, P less than .05) from baseline for up to one hour after dose, while mean diastolic blood pressure decreased (6-15 mm Hg, P less than .05) for up to four hours. Cardiac output was increased (1.1-2.8 L/min, P less than .05), and calculated total systemic resistance (3.8-6.3 mm Hg/L/min, P less than .05) was decreased for the entire dosing interval after nifedipine dosing. Hysteresis plots for heart rate and mean diastolic blood pressure showed a time lag between changes in serum nifedipine concentrations and heart rate, but not between serum nifedipine concentrations and blood pressure. Changes in cardiac output did not correlate with serum nifedipine concentrations. The steady-state kinetic and dynamic parameter values in patients with angina pectoris in this study were similar to those found in healthy volunteers or hypertensive patients after acute nifedipine administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Illuminating the Properties of Prostate Luminal Progenitors

The identification of tumor-initiating cells represents a significant challenge for studies of prostate cancer. In a recent issue of Cell Reports, Agarwal and colleagues use organoid culture to ascertain two distinct luminal progenitors in a mouse model of prostate cancer, shedding new light on lineage relationships in the prostate epithelium.
Counterterrorism A Game-Theoretic Analysis

This article establishes the prevalence of deterrence over preemption when targeted governments can choose between either policies or employ both. There is a similar proclivity to favor defensive c...
Distributed Kalman filters with adaptive strategy for linear time-varying interconnected systems

We consider the problem of distributed state estimation over a sensor network in which a set of nodes collaboratively estimates the state of a continuous-time linear time-varying system. In particular, our work focuses on the benefits of weight adaptation of the interconnection gains in distributed Kalman filters. To this end, an adaptation strategy is proposed with the adaptive laws derived via a Lyapunov-redesign approach. The justification for the gain adaptation stems from a desire to adapt the pairwise difference of state estimates as a function of their agreement, thereby enforcing an interconnection-dependent gain. In the proposed scheme, an adaptive gain for each pairwise difference of the interconnection terms is used in order to address edge-dependent differences in the state estimates. Accounting for node-specific differences, a special case of the scheme is also presented, where it uses a single adaptive gain in each node estimate and which uniformly penalizes all pairwise differences of state estimates in the interconnection term. The filter gains can be designed either by standard Kalman filter or Luenberger observer to construct the adaptive distributed Kalman filter or adaptive distributed Luenberger observer. Stability of the schemes has been shown, and it is not restricted by the graph topology and therefore the schemes are applicable to both directed and undirected graphs. The proposed algorithms offer a significant reduction in communication costs associated with information flow by the nodes. Finally, numerical studies are presented to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed adaptive distributed Kalman filters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Work Related Communication, Environmental Uncertainty, and Subunit Effectiveness: A Second Look at the Information Processing Approach to Subunit Communication

The article discusses communication in organizations and looks at the effectiveness of contingency theory in analyzing operational research. The author critiques earlier research in this area, spec...
Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in neoplasms of the CNS and other tissues.

In normal conditions, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is histochemically demonstrable only in neurons and cells of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system. This has been found not to be true for neoplastic cells. Several types of CNS tumors, including glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, pineocytoma , meningioma, and choroid plexus papilloma, focally stained positively for NSE. Reactive astrocytes were also frequently positive. In the peripheral nervous system, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, and paraganglioma stained positively for NSE. A number of non-APUD tumors were focally positive. These included schwannoma, carcinoma and fibroadenoma of the breast, renal cell carcinoma, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, and chordoma. Caution should be exercised in relying on the immunohistochemical demonstration of NSE as a diagnostic marker in those tumors that do not belong to the APUD cell system. It seems of little value as evidence of differentiation in CNS tumors.
Maps of the Auditory Cortex

One of the fundamental properties of the mammalian brain is that sensory regions of cortex are formed of multiple, functionally specialized cortical field maps (CFMs). Each CFM comprises two orthogonal topographical representations, reflecting two essential aspects of sensory space. In auditory cortex, auditory field maps (AFMs) are defined by the combination of tonotopic gradients, representing the spectral aspects of sound (i.e., tones), with orthogonal periodotopic gradients, representing the temporal aspects of sound (i.e., period or temporal envelope). Converging evidence from cytoarchitectural and neuroimaging measurements underlies the definition of 11 AFMs across core and belt regions of human auditory cortex, with likely homology to those of macaque. On a macrostructural level, AFMs are grouped into cloverleaf clusters, an organizational structure also seen in visual cortex. Future research can now use these AFMs to investigate specific stages of auditory processing, key for understanding behaviors such as speech perception and multimodal sensory integration.
A Kind of Quickly Molding Method Researchingabout Students Manage System Base on Components

AbstrcatHigh School students information management in current our country is developing towards crossed-region,between schools and crossed-platform, this text put forward a kind of method of quickly molding in developing a system based on components in High schools students information manage, it introduced the main function of the system and the process of designing, and studied the basic principle and methods of developing the components-based software.
Parenting stress as an indirect pathway to mental health concerns among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder

The link between autism spectrum disorder symptoms and maternal stress has been well established, yet many mothers remain resilient to more severe psychopathology. For the current online study, 111 mothers of a child with autism spectrum disorder completed questionnaires about their child's symptoms, their own stress related to parenting, and any psychopathology symptoms they were experiencing. Autism spectrum disorder symptom severity was positively related to both parenting stress and maternal psychopathology symptoms. Furthermore, parenting stress mediated the relation between autism spectrum disorder symptom severity and maternal psychopathology symptoms. These results provide evidence for a pathway through which psychopathology may develop among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and a potential point of intervention for clinicians serving this population.
Beneath the bark: associations among Sirex noctilio development, bluestain fungi, and pine host species in North America

1. Invasive species with global distributions encounter unique environmental and biotic variables that can greatly affect the magnitude of their impact. The European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, is a prime example that has invaded climatically and ecologically distinct ecosystems across the Southern Hemisphere and, more recently, North America. 2. Northeastern North America presents a unique set of conditions, including pine host species, native parasitoids, a diverse assemblage of native co-colonising insects, and fungal associates of these co-colonisers. In North America, S. noctilio attacks both a naturalised ancestral host (Pinus sylvestris L.) from Europe and a naive native host (P. resinosa). A large assemblage of insects and their associated bluestaining ophiostomatoid fungi colonise these pines. Competition between S. noctilio and this group is a hypothesised mechanism of biotic resistance in the invaded region of North America, possibly via superior resource capture abilities or alteration of host tissue by bluestain fungi. 3. Investigating these ecological interactions is challenging because they manifest deep in the xylem tissue. To overcome this, 30 experimentally stressed trees were systematically dissected with an electric log splitter to investigate the effects of bluestain fungi and tree factors on S. noctilio development and parasitism by native hymenopterans. 4. Body size and colonisation density were affected by pine species, with S. noctilio being 25% larger and densities three-fold greater in P. sylvestris than P. resinosa. Survivorship was slightly negatively correlated with the proportional volume of bluestain infection. Interestingly, rhyssine (Rhyssa and Megarhyssa spp.) parasitism responded positively to greater S. noctilio density, but there was no density relationship with Ibalia leucospoides ensiger parasitism. Pine host species appears to play a strong role in S. noctilio development, which is important considering uninvaded regions of North America have a diversity of pine species that likely vary in their susceptibility to this woodborer.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Carotid and Peripheral Intervention

Peripheral arterial disease is a spectrum of disease processes involving the non-coronary arterial system that is primarily the result of atherothrombosis. Although the field of peripheral intervention is older than coronary intervention, the evolution of this field has lagged behind that of its coronary counterpart. Adjunctive therapies demonstrated to be beneficial in the realm of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) have not been as systematically assessed within the peripheral arena. Nevertheless, current opinion rests with the belief that adjunctive antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents improve outcomes for patients undergoing peripheral interventional procedures. Future studies will foster a better understanding of the idiosyncrasies related to peripheral interventions and the optimal utilization of currently available and developing antithrombotic agents in order to further advance this field.
Sense and Avoid for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems

The ability for small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) to safely operate beyond line of sight is of great interest to consumers, businesses, and scientific research. In this work, we investigate Sense and Avoid (SAA) algorithms for sUAS encounters using three 4k cameras for separation distances between 200m and 2000m. Video is recorded of different sUAS platforms designed to appear similar to expected air traffic, under varying weather conditions and flight encounter scenarios. University partners and NASA both developed SAA methods presented in this report.
Book review: Research Directions in Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming (Gul Agha, Peter Wegner, and Akinorl Yonezawa, eds; MIT Press, 1993; 532pp.

From the preface: "Because parallelism is a natural consequence of the use of objects, the development of systems for concurrent object-oriented programming is providing important software support for a new generation of concurrent computers."
Revealing Power: A Visual Culture Orientation to Student-Teacher Relationships

The value of recent theoretical perspectives in art education does not lie in providing comprehensive definitions that include all the artifacts and properties that “count” as visual culture, mater...
Using Study Guides in Undergraduate Human Anatomy and Physiology Classes: Student Perceptions and Academic Performance.

Few research studies have been conducted on the usefulness of study guides and student perceptions of their use. This mixed-method study evaluated student perceptions of the value of two types of s...
Personhood and the Fetus: Settling the Dispute

The concept of personhood and its relationship to health care has long been examined and debated. The working definition of personhood holds great power over many life-altering decisions, particularly in the realm of medical ethics. This article examines the very idea of personhood, current concept definitions and their impact on society, and poses an alternative view and definition for the concept. The final portion of the manuscript discusses potential areas of affect should the new definition be embraced. Information was gathered via historical research and literature review.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Elective Spine Surgery: National Prevalence and Inpatient Outcomes.

Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Objectives:Epidemiologic studies suggest that the prevalence of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasing. OSA has been linked to increa...