cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-determination in adolescents and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Purpose of review The importance of self-determination to wellbeing and life satisfaction has been established by research in motivation and education. The present review provides a synthesis of research in these areas at a time when the two lines of research are converging. Recent findings Research has established that youth and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are not as self-determined as their nondisabled peers and that this negatively impacts the quality of their lives. Further, research has established the positive benefits of a focus on self-determination assessment and intervention for people with IDD. Recent studies illustrate the shifting focus to a life-course development perspective of self-determination and the alignment of assessment and interventions with that perspective. Research on self-determination and IDD outside of the United States has dramatically increased. Summary Research shows that people with IDD who are more self-determined achieve more positive school and adult outcomes and higher life satisfaction. Assessment of and interventions to promote self-determination have increasingly emphasized all people and are aligning with research in motivation and positive psychology. This provides a foundation for promoting greater community, school, and work inclusion.
Suicide in the pediatric population: screening, risk assessment and treatment.

The number of children and adolescents dying by suicide is increasing over time. Patterns for who is at risk are also changing, leading to a need to review clinical suicide prevention progress and ...
Impact of facility volume on complications from immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma.

672Background: Better outcomes have been generally associated with higher volume providers/hospitals. Recent work found an association between higher volume facilities and survival for advanced can...
What Does Success Look Like? Lessons from the Innovations in Community-Based Crime Reduction (CBCR) Program

Using mixed methods, we examine how a cohort of twelve sites operationalized and adapted the Bureau of Justice Assistance’s Innovations in Community-Based Crime Reduction (CBCR) grant program. CBCR...
Emergent geometry and path integral optimization for a Lifshitz action

Extending the background metric optimization procedure for Euclidean path integrals of two-dimensional conformal field theories, introduced by Caputa et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 071602 (2017), J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2017) 097], to a $z=2$ anisotropically scale-invariant $(2+1)$-dimensional Lifshitz field theory of a free massless scalar field, we find optimal geometries for static and dynamic correlation functions. For the static correlation functions, the optimal background metric is equivalent to an AdS metric on a Poincar\'e patch, while for dynamical correlation functions, we find Lifshitz like metric. This results suggest that a MERA-like tensor network, perhaps without unitarity, would still be considered an optimal background spacetime configuration for the numerical description of this system, even though the classical action we start with is not a conformal field theory.
Solid Tumor Metastases to the Pancreas Diagnosed Using Fine-Needle Aspiration.

OBJECTIVES Solid tumor metastases to the pancreas are rare, and only limited literature on the topic is available. In this retrospective study, we reviewed 107 cases of solid tumor metastases to the pancreas diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) from 2005 to 2019. METHODS Information including the patients' clinical histories, radiologic and pathologic findings, treatments, and follow-up were collected. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 62.4 years. The mean tumor size was 2.64 cm with even distribution throughout the pancreas (head, neck and body, and tail). The most common primary site was the kidney, followed by the lung, skin, and breast and the gynecologic, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts. The most common tumor type was carcinoma, followed by melanoma and sarcoma. In comparison to patients with nonkidney primary cancers, those with primary renal cell carcinoma had a longer median interval between primary diagnosis and metastasis (8.5 vs 4.0 years; P < .01), less often had metastasis outside the pancreas (38% vs 74%; P < .01), and had a significantly longer 5-year survival rate (65.7% vs 24.8%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS FNA plays a crucial role in diagnosing metastases to the pancreas. Metastases originating from kidney and nonkidney primary tumors have distinct clinicopathologic features and prognoses.
A Random Walk Down Main Street: Can Experts Predict Returns on Commercial Real Estate?

This study examines the ability of experts, specifically institutional owners and managers, to predict commercial real estate return performance in major metropolitan markets and on various propert...
Emotions in the Pandemic: Perspective of a Palliative Medicine Social Worker.

One day, I came home from work and discussed my day with my husband. I shared I was unsure about how I felt regarding the hospital, the coronavirus, and my work. I told him that I was impressed wit...
Abstract 17257: Stroke Volume Reserve Index in HFrEF: A Non-Invasive Predictor of Early Clinical Outcomes and Marker of Inotropic Reserve

Introduction: We investigated whether stroke volume reserve index (SVRI), a novel non-invasive measure of inotropic reserve at submaximal exercise, would predict 1-year mortality and need for advan...
Disruption and damages: climate-related risks to the Australian oil and gas sector

The oil and gas (O&G) sector has made significant commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decarbonising operations and transitioning portfolios to lower-carbon products. However, assessing the impacts of physical climate risks on assets and value chains has remained a lower priority, despite climate change consistently rated the highest risk to the global economy. Here we present selected case studies of the most relevant physical climate risks that impact key infrastructure across the O&G sector, now and in the future, with and without global abatement (that is, in high and low emissions scenarios). We focus on physical climate risks including sea level rise impacts on an offshore processing region, flooding and drought impacts in an onshore processing region, and highlight supply chain impacts on shipping and ports due to climate extremes such as cyclones. These risks all have the potential to have significant and adverse impacts on Australia’s O&G sector and have a direct impact on the ability of the sector to transition to a low-carbon future. We conclude with an overview of why and how companies should undertake climate scenario analysis for physical risks, in alignment with the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures.
Comparative analysis of stalked and acorn barnacle adhesive proteomes.

Barnacles interest the scientific community for multiple reasons: their unique evolutionary trajectory, vast diversity and economic impact—as a harvested food source and also as one of the most pro...
Mixed Caputo Fractional Lp-Landau-Type Inequalities

We present right Caputo fractional ‖⋅‖ p -Landau type inequalities, p \( \in (1,\infty ] \) with applications on ℝ–. This chapter is based on [4].
A dynamically adaptive distributed system for processing complex continuous queries

Recent years have witnessed rapidly growing research attention on continuous query processing over streams [2, 3]. A continuous query system can easily run out of resources in case of large amount of input stream data. Distributed continuous query processing over a shared nothing architecture, i.e., a cluster of machines, has been recognized as a scalable method to solve this problem [2, 8, 9]. Due to the lack of initial cost information and the fluctuating nature of the streaming data, uneven workload among machines may occur and this may impair the benefits of distributed processing. Thus dynamic adaptation techniques are crucial for a distributed continuous query system.
On the use of abstract workflows to capture scientific process provenance

Capturing provenance about artifacts produced by distributed scientific processes is a challenging task. For example, one approach to facilitate the execution of a scientific process in distributed environments is to break down the process into components and to create workflow specifications to orchestrate the execution of these components. However, capturing provenance in such an environment, even with the guidance of orchestration logic, is difficult because of important details that may be hidden by the component abstractions. In this paper, we show how to use abstract workflows to systematically enhance scientific processes to capture provenance at appropriate levels of detail. Abstract workflows lack the orchestration logic to execute a scientific process, and instead, are intended to document scientific processes as understood by scientists and at the level of detail that is necessary to capture provenance for scientific use. Furthermore, abstract workflows are coupled with a representation of provenance that can encode provenance generated from distributed components. We show how the approach described in this paper has been used for capturing provenance for scientific processes in the Earth science, environmental science, and solar physics domains.
Regulation of ribose metabolism in Escherichia coli. II. Evidence for two ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activities.

Abstract 1. 1. There are two distinct ribose-5-P isomerase activities in wild type Escherichia coli X289. The activities are distinguishable by temperature sensitivity, apparent substrate affinity, and susceptibility to glucose-6-P inhibition. 2. 2. The heat-labile activity (the one with the greater affinity for ribose-5-P) is required for growth on ribose. The heat-stable activity does not appear to function in the formation of ribulose-5-P from ribose-5-P in vivo, presumably a combined result of its lower affinity for ribose-5-P and the maintenance of a low intracellular ribose-5-P concentration through product inhibition of the ribokinase. Glucose-6-P is a strong non-competitive inhibitor of the heat-labile ribose-5-P isomerase. 3. 3. Two mechanisms of ribose metabolism in this organism are proposed; one anabolic, the other amphibolic.
Application of temporal streamflow descriptors in hydrologic model parameter estimation

[1] This paper presents a parameter estimation approach based on hydrograph descriptors that capture dominant streamflow characteristics at three timescales (monthly, yearly, and record extent). The scheme, entitled hydrograph descriptors multitemporal sensitivity analyses (HYDMUS), yields an ensemble of model simulations generated from a reduced parameter space, based on a set of streamflow descriptors that emphasize the timescale dynamics of streamflow record. In this procedure the posterior distributions of model parameters derived at coarser timescales are used to sample model parameters for the next finer timescale. The procedure was used to estimate the parameters of the Sacramento soil moisture accounting model (SAC-SMA) for the Leaf River, Mississippi. The results indicated that in addition to a significant reduction in the range of parameter uncertainty, HYDMUS improved parameter identifiability for all 13 of the model parameters. The performance of the procedure was compared to four previous calibration studies on the same watershed. Although our application of HYDMUS did not explicitly consider the error at each simulation time step during the calibration process, the model performance was, in some important respects, found to be better than in previous deterministic studies.
Keratocyte apoptosis after corneal surgery.

PURPOSE Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is the controlled death of cells that occurs with minimal collateral damage to surrounding cells or tissue during development, homeostasis, and wound healing. The authors hypothesize the keratocyte apoptosis is an initiating factor in the wound-healing response after refractive surgical procedures. To evaluate the effects of different corneal manipulations, keratocyte apoptosis was examined qualitatively and quantitatively after traditional epithelial scrape-photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), transepithelial PRK, removal of a cap of superficial cornea using a microkeratome, production of a flap of superficial cornea with a microkeratome, and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) compared with unwounded controls in rabbit corneas. METHODS Refractive surgical procedures or their components were performed in rabbit eyes. Keratocyte apoptosis was monitored using the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling assay to detect DNA fragmentation. Cellular morphologic changes were evaluated by electron microscope examination. RESULTS Keratocyte apoptosis was noted with each refractive procedure or corneal manipulation and was variable from eye to eye with each procedure. Transepithelial PRK was associated with the lowest levels of central corneal apoptosis, even if the stromal surface was scraped after the procedure. Keratocyte apoptosis is confined to the superficial stroma extending to a depth of approximately 50 microns to 75 microns after epithelial scrape-PRK and transepithelial PRK. Apoptosis was noted in the deeper central corneal keratocytes located anteriorly and posteriorly to the lamellar cut in LASIK. CONCLUSIONS There are qualitative and quantitative differences in keratocyte apoptosis between LASIK, epithelial scrape-PRK, and transepithelial PRK. Epithelial injury is an important factor modulating keratocyte apoptosis. The level and distribution of keratocyte apoptosis, along with subsequent repopulation by activated stromal keratocytes, are likely to be important determinants of corneal wound healing associated with variability and regression after PRK and LASIK. Transepithelial PRK induces low levels of keratocyte apoptosis, and, therefore, this approach may be useful for treating higher levels of myopia and for retreatment after regression.
Generating mice with targeted mutations.

. We had an im- portant conceptual change early in our studies of the genetic complexities of hypertension. This was a shift from considering absence of gene function as a principal cause of disease (as is the case with the uncommon disease cystic fibrosis) to consid- ering the possibility that inherited quantitative variations (per- haps even normal variations) in gene expression might be more important in causing the complex common conditions. To in- vestigate this possibility experimentally, we devised a 'gene- titration' method, in which two complementary forms of homologous recombination are used to vary the number of copies of a candidate gene from one through four 31 . The 'one-
Mechanical Evaluation of a Soft Tissue Interference Screw in Free Tendon Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Fixation

In this study of bioabsorbable screw fixation of free tendon grafts used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, we performed load-to-failure and cyclic loading of tendon fixation in porcine bone. Bone density measurements from dual photon absorptometry scans were obtained to correlate bone density with fixation failure. The average density of porcine bone (1.42 g/cm2) was similar to that of young human bone (1.30 g/cm2) and significantly higher than that of elderly human cadaveric bone specimens (0.30 g/cm2). Cyclic loading was performed on free tendon grafts fixed with a bioabsorbable screw alone and on grafts fixed with a bioabsorbable screw and an anchor (polylactic acid ball or cortical bone disk). Stiffness of fixation increased substantially with the addition of a cortical bone disk anchor or polylactic acid ball compared with the interference screw alone. Tensile fixation strength of central quadriceps free tendon and hamstring tendon grafts were significantly superior in porcine bone of density similar to young human bone than in elderly human cadaveric bone. The bioabsorbable interference screw yielded loads at failure comparable with traditional bone-tendon-bone and hamstring tendon fixation when controlled for bone density. The addition of a cortical bone disk anchor provided the most optimal fixation of free tendon with the bioabsorbable screw and reduced slippage with cyclic loading to a very low level.
Theory of prospective perovskite ferroelectrics with double rocksalt order

Using first-principles methods, we predict the energy landscape and ferroelectric states of double perovskites of the form AA${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$BB${}^{\ensuremath{'}}$O${}_{6}$ in which the atoms on both the A and B sites are arranged in rocksalt order. While we are not aware of compounds that occur naturally in this structure, they might be realizable by directed synthesis, as has recently been demonstrated experimentally. The high-symmetry structure formed by this arrangement belongs to the tetrahedral $F\overline{4}3m$ space group. If a ferroelectric instability occurs, the energy landscape will tend to have minima with the polarization along tetrahedral directions, leading to a rhombohedral phase, or along Cartesian directions, leading to an orthorhombic phase. We find that the latter scenario applies to CaBaTiZrO${}_{6}$ and KCaZrNbO${}_{6}$, which are weakly ferroelectric, and the former one applies to PbSnTiZrO${}_{6}$, which is strongly ferroelectric. The results are modeled with a fourth- or fifth-order Landau-Devonshire expansion, providing good agreement with the first-principles calculations. Computations of zone-center soft modes are also carried out in order to characterize the polar and octahedral-rotation instabilities in more detail.
The Epistemics of Symptom Experience and Symptom Accounts in Mapuche Healing and Pediatric Primary Care in Southern Chile

Because symptoms are quintessentially subjective phenomena, individuals generally exercise primary epistemic rights and speaking privileges concerning their experience of symptoms. Yet in some diagnostic practices, this ordinary association between self-knowledge and speaking rights is disrupted, and the responsibility to report on illness is allocated to someone other than the ailing person. This article documents two such settings, Chilean pediatric primary care and Mapuche medicine, and discusses how the epistemological frameworks of these healing traditions and the pragmatic concerns of their participants influence the distribution of legitimate knowledge about illness and the allocation of speaking responsibilities across practitioners, patients, and family caregivers.
Localization and phosphorylation of nuclear, nucleolar and extranucleolar non-histone proteins of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells.

The 32P labeling and localization of non-histone proteins in chromatin were studied in Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells in vivo and in vitro. Chromatin was prepared from whole nuclei, nucleolar and extranucleolar fractions by successive washes with 0·075 m -NaCl, 0·025 m -EDTA, 10 m m -NaHSO3, 10 m m -KF, 0·1 m m -phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (pH 8·0), and with 5 m m -Tris, 5 m m -KF (pH 8·0). After removal of histones by 0·4 n -H2SO4 and digestion of the DNA by DNase I, the non-histone proteins were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis and autoradiography. Although most non-histone proteins were common to both fractions, the nucleolar fraction was enriched in proteins C18, C21, Cg′ and CB (Yeoman et al., 1973). Proteins CM, C6, CA, Cb, B24, B22 and BF were found in higher concentrations in the extranucleolar component. In the nucleolar fraction, only protein C18 was labeled significantly with 32P. In the extranucleolar fraction, 32P was incorporated into protein spots C18, Cg′, CM, CN and C6. Analyses of 32P-labeled spots for phosphoamino acids indicated that all spots analyzed contained 32P-labeled phosphoserine. These data indicate the nucleolus specific localization of some 32P-labeled non-histone chromatin proteins.
Characterization and Prediction of Adverse Events from Intensive Chronic Heart Failure Management with and without NT-proBNP Guidance: Results from the ProBNP Outpatient Tailored Chronic Heart Failure Therapy (PROTECT) Study

analyses. Most of the observed costs (78%) and LOS (75%) occurred on the index hospitalization and drove the cumulative results. A similar trend was found even when excluding those who died at the index hospitalization. Conclusion: Patients with transient increases in SCr were more likely to experience longer cumulative LOS and higher costs than those without WRF or WRF which persisted until discharge. Further research is needed to investigate the causes and implications of the markedly prolonged LOS and increased costs associated with WRFt patients.
Optical homodyne PSK demonstration of 1.5 photons per bit at 156 Mbps with rate-½ turbo coding

We report the first demonstration of a near quantum-limited optical homodyne PSK receiver combined with powerful forward-error-correction coding, achieving 1.5 photons/bit sensitivity, within 4.5 dB of the Shannon limit. Phase-locking was achieved at 1.55 µm using an analog dither-based optical phase-locked loop with an external phase modulator. Analysis for this configuration with arbitrary loop damping is given showing a performance advantage for the overdamped case.
Reflectance differences between untreated and mepiquat chloride-treated, field-grown cotton through a growing season

Abstract Radiometric canopy and laboratory spectrophotometric single-leaf reflectance measurements were used to compute the reflectance differences, at four sample dates through the 1980 growing season, between untreated and mepiquat chloride (MC)-treated cotton. The single-leaf reflectance measurements for the MC-treated cotton plants were lower at 650 nm and higher at 850 nm than the untreated cotton plants for three of the four sample dates. Early in the growing season the canopy reflectance of MC-treated cotton was lower in the red and higher in the near infrared (NIR) reflectance of untreated cotton canopies. Later in the season the canopy reflectance measurements indicated that the untreated cotton plants senesced faster than the MC-treated cotton plants. These results should provide a basic understanding of temporal canopy reflectance obtained from untreated and MC-treated cotton for use by operational remote sensing.
Basal Expression Levels of IFNAR and Jak-STAT Components Are Determinants of Cell-Type-Specific Differences in Cardiac Antiviral Responses

Viral myocarditis is an important human disease, and reovirus-induced murine myocarditis provides an excellent model system for study. Cardiac myocytes, like neurons in the central nervous system, are not replenished, yet there is no cardiac protective equivalent to the blood-brain barrier. Thus, cardiac myocytes may have evolved a unique antiviral response relative to readily replenished cell types, such as cardiac fibroblasts. Our previous comparisons of these two cell types revealed a conundrum: reovirus T3D induces more beta-interferon (IFN-β) mRNA in cardiac myocytes, yet there is a greater induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in cardiac fibroblasts. Here, we investigated possible underlying molecular determinants. We found that greater basal expression of IFN-β in cardiac myocytes results in greater basal activated nuclear STAT1 and STAT2 and greater basal ISG mRNA expression and provides greater basal antiviral protection relative to cardiac fibroblasts. Conversely, cardiac fibroblasts express greater basal IFN-α/β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and greater basal cytoplasmic Jak1, Tyk2, STAT2, and IRF9, leading to a greater increase in reovirus T3D- or IFN-induced nuclear activated STAT1 and STAT2 and greater induction of ISGs for a greater IFN-induced antiviral protection relative to cardiac myocytes. Our results suggest that high basal IFN-β expression in cardiac myocytes prearms this vulnerable, nonreplenishable cell type, while high basal expression of IFNAR1 and latent Jak-STAT components in adjacent cardiac fibroblasts renders these cells more responsive to IFN and prevents them from inadvertently serving as a reservoir for viral replication and spread to cardiac myocytes. These studies provide the first indication of an integrated network of cell-type-specific innate immune components for organ protection.
The urine microRNA profile may help monitor post-transplant renal graft function

Noninvasive, cost-effective biomarkers that allow accurate monitoring of graft function are needed in kidney transplantation. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising disease biomarkers, we sought to establish an miRNA signature in urinary cell pellets comparing kidney transplant patients diagnosed with chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and those recipients with normal graft function. Overall, we evaluated 191 samples from 125 deceased donor primary kidney transplant recipients in the discovery, initial validation, and the longitudinal validation studies for noninvasive monitoring of graft function. Of 1733 mature miRNAs studied using microarrays, 22 were found to be differentially expressed between groups. Ontology and pathway analyses showed inflammation as the principal biological function associated with these miRNAs. Twelve selected miRNAs were longitudinally evaluated in urine samples of an independent set of 66 patients, at two time points after kidney transplant. A subset of these miRNAs was found to be differentially expressed between groups early after kidney transplant before histological allograft injury was evident. Thus, a panel of urine miRNAs was identified as potential biomarkers for monitoring graft function and anticipating progression to CAD in kidney transplant patients.
Mentation during sleep: REM and NREM recall reports.

In the present study, the investigators alternated as experimental Ss, and dreaming was defined in terms which more closely approximate the general usage of the word. Rapid eye movement (REM) perio...
Central adenocarcinoma of the mandible

A seemingly straightforward clinical diagnosis of ameloblastoma was made of a large radiolucent, multicystic lesion in the mandible. Biopsy and metastatic tumor work-up revealed the tumor to be primary in the mandible. A histopathologic diagnosis of papillary adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin was made. This article reports a well-documented primary mandibular salivary gland tumor. A review of the literature and light and electron microscopic interpretation of this tumor are presented.
Ectopic extramammary Paget's disease arising on the cheek.

background. Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare neoplasm affecting apocrine gland-bearing skin. Patients usually present with a long-standing unilateral, ill-defined, erythematous or whitish-gray, crusted patch or plaque. This tumor almost never occurs outside of the anogenital or axillary areas. objective. We report the first case of “ectopic” extramammary Paget's neoplasm afflicting the face. methods. The excisional specimen from a 67-year-old man was reviewed. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies were performed on the specimen. results. Histology revealed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, and proliferation of cytologically atypical epithelioid cells permeating the epidermis and the cutaneous adnexae. Special stains showed reactivity to cytokeratins (AE1/AE), epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen in the atypical cells. There was no evidence of apocrine glands in the area. conclusion. Herein we present the first case of truly “ectopic” extramammary Paget's disease on the face.
Processing Whole Cottonseed Moderates Fatty Acid Metabolism and Improves Performance by Dairy Cows

Pelleting cottonseed (CS) improves handling characteristics. Our objectives were to determine whether increasing the particle size of the CS pellet or dilution of a smaller pellet with delinted CS would limit the rate of CS oil release to optimize digestibility of fatty acids (FA) and fiber while maintaining milk fat production. In a 5 x 5 Latin square design with 3-wk periods, 5 rumen-cannulated cows were fed 1) control with CS hulls (CSH) and CS meal plus tallow and Ca soaps of FA, 2) whole CS (WCS), 3) small CS pellets (SP; 0.44-cm die diameter), 4) larger CS pellets (LP; 0.52-cm die diameter), or 5) a blend of 1/2 SP plus 1/2 partially delinted CS (SPD). Diets contained 39.6% concentrate, 14.4% CS, and 46% forage (40:60, alfalfa hay:corn silage) on a DM basis and were balanced to have similar concentrations of CS protein, CS fiber, and total fat. In a production trial, dietary treatments were 1) WCS control, 2) LP, 3) SPD, and 4) SPD fed at 90%. Sixty cows averaging 105 d in milk were fed the WCS diet for 2 wk and then assigned to one of the 4 diets for 12 wk. Total tract digestibility of NDF was unaffected, but N digestibility was lower for SPD than for other treatments. Fatty acid digestibility was higher for SP and LP (82.6 and 82.3%) than for CSH or SPD treatments (78.8 and 75.3%), and WCS was intermediate (81.1%). The trans-11 C18:1 from cows fed SP and LP (6.58 and 6.24% of total milk FA) was greater than that from cows fed CSH, WCS, and SPD (3.23, 3.79, and 3.97%). The trans-10 C18:1 in milk fat from SP and LP (0.508 and 0.511%) was higher than that in WCS and SPD diets (0.316 and 0.295%); CSH was intermediate (0.429%). Using passage rates estimated from the NRC, disappearance of total FA in situ was estimated to be 17.7, 44.2, 46.6, and 35.0% for WCS, SP, LP, and SPD, respectively. In the production trial, a diet x week interaction was explained by a trend for progressively greater milk production for SPD and SPD90 than for WCS or LP. Milk fat was lower for LP (2.74%) and SPD90 (2.85%) than for WCS or SPD (3.07 and 3.08%). The fat yield was lower for LP than for SPD (1.09 and 1.30 kg/d); WCS and SPD90 were intermediate (1.23 and 1.21 kg/d). Although having a lower FA digestibility, SPD appeared to minimize negative effects of free oil from SP in the rumen, explaining higher DMI and milk production compared with WCS or LP.
Error analysis of the generalized rank annihilation method

The effects of correlated and uncorrelated random errors on the precision of predicted quantitative and qualitative information obtained by analysis with the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) are shown. These are discussed in terms of propagation of errors through the algorithm. The effects of colinearity, noise level and noise distribution are compared and discussed.
Weight loss in nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease patients in an ambulatory care setting is largely unsuccessful but correlates with frequency of clinic visits.

Background and Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) is a leading cause of liver disease. Weight loss improves clinical features of NAFLD; however, maintenance of weight loss outside of investigational protocols is poor. The goals of this study were to characterize patterns and clinical predictors of long-term weight loss in ambulatory patients with NAFLD. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 924 non-cirrhotic patients with NAFLD presenting to a liver clinic from May 1st 2007 to April 30th 2013. Overweight and obese patients were counseled on lifestyle modifications for weight loss as per USPSTF guidelines. The primary outcome was percent weight change between the first and last recorded visits: % weight change = (weightinitial – weightfinal)/(weightinitial). Baseline BMI and percent BMI change were secondary measures. Predictors of weight loss were determined using logistic regression. Results The mean baseline BMI was 33.3±6.6 kg/m2, and the mean follow-up duration was 17.3±17.6 months. Most patients with NAFLD were in either overweight (26.1%) or class I obesity (30.5%) categories at baseline, while the prevalence of underweight and class III obesity was lower (0.2% and 15.4%, respectively). Overall, there was no change in mean weight or BMI during the follow-up period, and only 183 patients (19.8%) lost at least 5% body weight during the follow up period. Independent predictors of weight loss included number of clinic visits and baseline BMI, and patients with higher baseline BMI required more clinic visits to lose weight. Conclusions Weight loss is largely unsuccessful in NAFLD patients in the ambulatory care setting. Frequent clinical encounters are associated with weight reduction, especially among individuals with high baseline BMI. Future studies are required to define effective weight loss strategies in NAFLD patients.
Relationship between sensitivity and precision in atomic-absorption flame photometry

Summary Precision results, standard deviation or relative standard deviation, can be expressed in terms of either reading or analyte concentrations. The latter is perhaps more useful when expressing analytical data, but both are based on instrumental readings obtained with the measuring instrument. An important consideration is the quality of the signal itself (signal size and noise level). Signal size for a given concentration is directly correlated with the corresponding percentual sensitivity obtained under the chosen working conditions. Signal noise, also for a given concentration, is in turn directly correlated with the values known as fluctuational sensitivities. Three main cases are considered here: (a) small signal size , (b) medium signal size , and (c) large signal size . At low signal size two effects have been observed which can impair precision: (a) fluctuations of signal size due to residual effects, memory and similar forces; and (b) fluctuations of zero adjustment.
A randomized controlled trial of an intervention to reduce low literacy barriers in inflammatory arthritis management

Objective Test the efficacy of educational interventions to reduce literacy barriers and enhance health outcomes among patients with inflammatory arthritis.
A Technology-Relative Computer-Aided Design System: Abstract Representations, Transformations, and Design Tradeoffs

This paper discusses the approach to global optimization taken in the C-MU register-transfer level computer-aided design system, currently under development at Carnegie-Mellon University, and gives examples of its application.
Premenstrul symptoms in adolescents

To assess the prevalence and severity of premenstrual symptoms in adolescents, we administered the Premenstrual Assessment Form, a 95-item instrument previously validated in adults. Adolescent females (n = 207) at a suburban-based adolescent health service completed the form. Subjects had a mean age of 17.6 years, 89% were white, 59% were in high school, 28% were in college. Almost all subjects reported at least one premenstrual change of minimal (96%) or moderate (89%) severity, while many reported changes they considered severe (59%) or extreme (43%). The most commonly reported changes in physical condition were general discomfort and water retention symptoms, fatigue, and autonomic physical changes. The most commonly reported changes in mood and behavior included impaired social function, depressive changes, and impulsive behavior. These changes matched almost exactly those previously reported in adults and were most severe in those adolescents who reported having dysmenorrhea and were not on an oral contraceptive. We believe that clinicians and researchers who evaluate and treat adolescents should view the physical and emotional complaints of teenagers in the context of our findings.
Deferred data structure for the nearest neighbor problem

Abstract Let S be a set of n points in the plane. We show how to process, on-line, a sequence of r point queries for computing their nearest neighbors in S, in time Θ((n + r) log min(n, r)). This settles an open problem posed by Karp. Motwani and Raghavan.
Variations in Human Capital Investment Activity by Age

Abstract Three hypotheses concerning human capital investment by older individuals were examined using the Adult Education (AE) file from the 1995 National Household Education Survey (NCES). While late career workers (50–65) participated less in activities that provide primarily general skills, they were more likely to participate in academic credentialing programs, targeted career and job-related courses, on-the-job computer-based training, and “unspecified” other formal training activities. There was no difference in the levels of employer support reported by older workers. The implication of these results is that older adults' human capital investment is more complex than conventional economic formulations of the decision-making process suggest. Both the content and delivery approaches associated with work-related education and training must be accommodated in future conceptual models of the process. Further, the relevancy of Sterns' (1986) model of environmental change is also highlighted. Practical implications suggest that organizations must reconsider older workers' interest in continuing education/training activities.
The effects of thionapthene-2-carboxylic acid-lysine on the hypercalcemia of malignancy in the rat.

Thionapthene-2-carboxylic acid (TNCA) was previously shown to lower serum calcium concentrations in hypercalcemic rats; however, oral administration of TNCA may cause gastric irritation. We have assessed thionapthene-2-carboxylic acid lysine salt (TNLY) for its effects on serum calcium concentration and survival in rats bearing the hypercalcemic Leydig cell tumor. TNLY (0.6–1.8 mmol/kg/day) produced a marked and prolonged dose-related decrease in serum calcium concentration. At the highest dose of 1.8 mmol/kg/day, hypocalcemia occurred. Effects were sustained for 96 hours or longer. In tumor-bearing rats that were not yet hypercalcemic, pretreatment with TNLY (0.9 mmol/kg/day) did not induce hypocalcemia and the onset of hypercalcemia was prevented. Neither TNLY nor dichloromethylene diphosphonate (CL2MDP), a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, significantly prolonged overall survival. We concluded that TNLY is a potent antihypercalcemic agent that warrants further testing for use in the treatment of hypercalcemic disorders.
Air-flow patterns in vineyard rows

Abstract Propeller anemometers were placed between two rows of Concord vines adjacent to the east and west canopy walls at two levels to measure vertical velocity, and in the middle of the space between rows to measure cross- and down-row components. Heated-thermocouple anemometers were placed at four heights in the middles of adjacent rows to measure canopy wall porosity. Combining the three possible outputs from each of the vertical anemometers, with the four vertical anemometers yielded 81 possible circulation patterns. By analyzing these circulation patterns, we found no standing vortices between the row, rather intermittent vortices, the size of the row spacing, predominated. Other types of circulation patterns featured counter-rotating corner vortices, which were relatively larger than those found in studies of two-dimensional cavity flow. There was little row-to-row transfer. Wind speed was more important than wind direction in maintaining between-row circulations.
Basis and Implications of the ICRP's New Biokinetic Model for Thorium

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has adopted a new, age-specific biokinetic model for thorium, along with new assumptions concerning the fate of radioactive progeny produced in the body after intake of thorium. This paper explains the basis for the model and assumptions and examines some of their implications with regard to radiation dosimetry and bioassay. The new model differs substantially from the ICRP's previous biokinetic model for thorium (introduced in 1979 in ICRP Publication 30) with regard to model structure, sources of data used to derive parameter values, predictions of integrated activities of long-lived thorium isotopes in some radiosensitive organs, and predictions of the rates of urinary and fecal excretion of thorium at times remote from exposure. For the case of injection of 232Th into blood of an adult, the new model and assumptions yield 4- to 8-fold decreases in predictions of 50-y committed equivalent doses to radiosensitive skeletal tissues but 7- to 55-fold increases in predictions of committed equivalent doses to extra-skeletal tissues, compared with the model and treatment of decay chain members recommended in ICRP Publication 30.
Vesico-ureteral reflux in women with idiopathic high-pressure detrusor overactivity: prevalence, bladder function, and effect on the upper urinary tract.

Introduction and hypothesis To assess the prevalence of vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) and upper urinary tract damage in women with idiopathic high-pressure detrusor overactivity (IHPDO) and to characterize their bladder function.
“I Should Know Better”: The Roles of Relationships, Spirituality, Disclosure, Stigma, and Shame for Older Women Living With HIV Seeking Support in the South

The population of older people living with HIV in the United States is growing. Little is known about specific challenges older HIV-infected women face in coping with the disease and its attendant stressors. To understand these issues for older women, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 women (13 African American, 2 Caucasian) 50 years of age and older (range 50–79 years) in HIV care in the southeastern United States, and coded transcripts for salient themes. Many women felt isolated and inhibited from seeking social connection due to reluctance to disclose their HIV status, which they viewed as more shameful at their older ages. Those receiving social support did so mainly through relationships with family and friends, rather than romantic relationships. Spirituality provided great support for all participants, although fear of disclosure led several to restrict connections with a church community. Community-level stigma-reduction programs may help older HIV-infected women receive support.
Classically determined frequency shift in the absorption coefficient

Abstract The large absorption coefficient of a dilute medium is frequency-shifted toward the blue relative to the dielectric constant. This shift is 3/4 as large as the red shift calculated by Lorentz for random or cubically symmetric placement.
Brain cell membrane Na+,K+-ATPase modification following hypoxia in the guinea pig fetus

The effect of hypoxia in utero on the affinity of the active sites of Na+,K(+)-ATPase for Na+, K+ and ATP of the fetal guinea pig brain was investigated. Brain cell membranes were prepared from normoxic and hypoxic guinea pig fetuses, and a detailed enzyme kinetics analysis was carried out. In the hypoxic fetal brain membranes the Ka 0.5 for Na+ and K+ increased 104% and 20+, respectively, indicating a decrease in the affinity of the active sites of the enzyme for Na+ and K+. The affinity of the ATP site increased, as indicated by a decrease in the Km of 37% in hypoxic brain. The results indicate that changes in the affinity of active sites would affect the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation mechanisms of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase reaction. The increased affinity for ATP will favor the phosphorylation step, but will be opposed by the decrease in the Na+ affinity. The decreased affinity of the active site for K+ would oppose the dephosphorylation of the enzyme-P complex causing the enzyme to be trapped in an inactive phosphorylated state. The results demonstrated the sensitivity of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase active sites to hypoxia, and illustrated a selective modification of the enzyme active sites under hypoxic conditions, a key mechanism altering the cell membrane function leading to hypoxic brain damage.
Well, You didn’t Say not to! A Formal Systems Engineering Approach to Teaching an Unruly Architecture Good Behavior

Abstract This paper proposes a formal modeling approach for predicting emergent reactive system and system of systems (SoS) behaviors resulting from the interactions among subsystems and among the system and its environment. The approach emphasizes specification of component behavior and component interaction as separate concerns at the architectural level, consistent with well-accepted definitions of SoS. The Monterey Phoenix (MP) approach provides features for prediction of emergent SoS behaviors. An example highlights limitations of current modeling languages and approaches that hinder prediction of emergent behavior, and demonstrates how the application of MP can enhance SoS modeling capability through the following principles: • Model component interactions as general rules, orthogonal to the component behavior. • Automatically extract possible scenarios (use cases) from descriptions of system behavior. • Test system behavior against stakeholder expectations/requirements using scenario inspection and assertion checking. MP provides a new capability for automatically verifying system behaviors early in the lifecycle, when design flaws are most easily and inexpensively corrected. MP extends existing frameworks and allows multiple visualizations for different stakeholders, and has potential for application in multiple domains.
Antigenic and differentiative heterogeneity among human glioblastomas

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that in mammals, astrocytes are a heterogeneous family of cells all of which share certain properties, but differ in lineage, biochemical and functional aspects. It seems likely that glioblastomas, arising from glial precursors, may also represent a family of related but distinct cell types. We have examined the antigenic characteristics and differentiative potential of 7 different human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. All the cell lines were labeled with a monoclonal antibody 7B11 which labels all classes of astrocytes and their precursors in the rat CNS. U138MG and Tm3 cells expressed antigens on their surfaces recognized by the monoclonal antibodies A2B5 and HNK-1. When grown in serum-free medium in the presence of cAMP and theophylline, U138MG cells assumed a process-bearing morphology and some cells expressed the Gal-C antigen specific for oligodendrocytes. Under identical conditions, Tm3 cells converted to process-bearing cells, some of which expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) specific for astrocytes. Other cell lines with similar antigenic characteristics did not respond similarly to cAMP and theophylline. Finally, A2781 cells were GFAP immunoreactive and unlabeled by either A2B5 or HNK-1 antibodies. These observations suggest that individual glioblastoma cell lines may be derived from distinct glial precursor cells in the vertebrate CNS.
Multiplicity distributions in pseudorapidity intervals with 32S at 200 GeV/nucleon and 16O at 200 and 60 GeV/nucleon.

We present results of our systematic studies of charged-shower-particle multiplicities and their dependence on pseudorapidity intervals for nearly central events produced by /sup 32/S at 200 GeV/nucleon /sup 16/O at 200 and 60 GeV/nucleon in nuclear emulsion. An increase in the particle density with the increase of particle energy and mass is observed. We find an energy-independent linear relation between the maximum particle density (in a given pseudorapidity interval) and shower-particle multiplicity.
Russian Child Care Goals and Values: From Perestroika to 2001.

Abstract Salient goals and values of early childhood educators in six Moscow child care centers were compared to those of a decade ago (before the collapse of the USSR). Current goals and values were determined from interviews, observations, and recent Russian pedagogical books. Educators’ opinions about changes in children and parents were also ascertained. Good health, kindness, politeness, and appreciation of beauty continue to be important childrearing goals. Changes include more emphasis on goals with an individualistic flavor (happiness and self-confidence), more attention to fostering appreciation for Russian history and culture, and more focus on academic preparation for school. Early childhood educators view today’s children as more relaxed, more spontaneous, more noncompliant, less idealistic and innocent, and less skilled at the time of enrollment than their predecessors. They view today’s parents as more assertive and more knowledgeable about the potential of child care to contribute to children’s development, and yet as investing less time in their children than parents of a decade ago. These changes are related to change in the wider society.