cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE DIFFERENTIATION OF SUPPORTIVE FUNCTIONS AMONG NETWORK MEMBERS

Despite increased attention given network analysis to examine the personal support systems of individuals. the current methodology fails to identify supportive resources provided by a specific network member. In an attempt to better understand these supportive provisions, this paper reviews previous work in the area and then describes and illustrates a method of differentiating supportive functions among network members within a pilot study. The paper also discusses the clinical implications for better understanding the nature of support provided through different social relationships.
A Message and Mission Statement from the New Editor-in-Chief

My combined second and third goal is to gradually further increase the quality of the journal, by keeping the annual page count flat or even slightly decreasing it, while instituting a new model for the filtering of incoming papers. I ask for our research community's understanding and support as I attempt to move us modestly in the direction towards an even more highly selective journal. I hope that this new model of an Executive Committee will prove successful enough to be emulated by other IEEE journals and societies, who also are facing similar challenges posed by a massive onslaught of submissions, a single point of failure in processing them, and a correspondingly unsustainable review load on the Editorial staff and their reviewers.
Large Molecules in the Interstellar Medium

The synthesis of large molecules in dense interstellar clouds and carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes is discussed. Gas phase reactions can produce observed abundances of molecules with as many as 11 atoms in dense clouds at socalled “early times” of 105 — 106 yr despite the oxygen-rich nature of the medium. Extensions of current models to incorporate much larger molecules can only show that efficient synthesis of such species is possible, given the large uncertainties in relevant rate coefficients. Alternately, the molecules produced in dense clouds may serve as seeds for the gas phase production of larger species in diffuse clouds. The synthesis of large molecules on the surfaces of dust particles in interstellar clouds is possible if hydrogenation of reactive radicals on grain surfaces to saturated stable forms does not dominate. In carbon-rich circumstellar envelopes, the condensation of carbonaceous grains occurs near the stellar photosphere, the production of PAH’s proceeds somewhat farther out at temperatures near 1000 K, and the synthesis of carbon clusters and unsaturated hydrocarbons occurs in the outer envelope.
Histone acetyltransferase and protein kinase activities copurify with a putative Xenopus RNA polymerase I holoenzyme self-sufficient for promoter-dependent transcription

Mounting evidence suggests that eukaryotic RNA polymerases preassociate with multiple transcription factors in the absence of DNA, forming RNA polymerase holoenzyme complexes. We have purified an apparent RNA polymerase I (Pol I) holoenzyme from Xenopus laevis cells by sequential chromatography on five columns: DEAE-Sepharose, Biorex 70, Sephacryl S300, Mono Q, and DNA-cellulose. Single fractions from every column programmed accurate promoter-dependent transcription. Upon gel filtration chromatography, the Pol I holoenzyme elutes at a position overlapping the peak of Blue Dextran, suggesting a molecular mass in the range of approximately 2 MDa. Consistent with its large mass, Coomassie blue-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels reveal approximately 55 proteins in fractions purified to near homogeneity. Western blotting shows that TATA-binding protein precisely copurifies with holoenzyme activity, whereas the abundant Pol I transactivator upstream binding factor does not. Also copurifying with the holoenzyme are casein kinase II and a histone acetyltransferase activity with a substrate preference for histone H3. These results extend to Pol I the suggestion that signal transduction and chromatin-modifying activities are associated with eukaryotic RNA polymerases.
A new approach for isolated word recognition using dynamic synapse neural networks

We focus on the development of an efficient method for estimating the parameters of continuous dynamic synapse neural networks (cDSNN). We implement higher order differential equations in the cDSNN, necessitating a minor adjustment to the cDSNN architecture. The estimation of network parameters is based on extension of the quasi-linearization algorithm, which provides an explicit analytic representation for the solution of a nonlinear differential equation. We use higher order cDSNNs trained with the extended quasilinearization algorithm to the isolated word recognition task. The features derived from cDSNNs are classified using a HMM based classifier. We show that cDSNN based features are more robust in the presence of additive Gaussian white noise than state of-the-art Mel frequency features.
The relative contributions of disease label and disease prognosis to Alzheimer's stigma: A vignette-based experiment.

Abstract Background The classification of Alzheimer's disease is undergoing a significant transformation. Researchers have created the category of “preclinical Alzheimer's,” characterized by biomarker pathology rather than observable symptoms. Diagnosis and treatment at this stage could allow preventing Alzheimer's cognitive decline. While many commentators have worried that persons given a preclinical Alzheimer's label will be subject to stigma, little research exists to inform whether the stigma attached to the label of clinical Alzheimer's will extend to a preclinical disorder that has the label of “Alzheimer's” but lacks the symptoms or expected prognosis of the clinical form. Research questions The present study sought to correct this gap by examining the foundations of stigma directed at Alzheimer's. It asked: do people form stigmatizing reactions to the label “Alzheimer's disease” itself or to the condition's observable impairments? How does the condition's prognosis modify these reactions? Methods Data were collected through a web-based experiment with N = 789 adult members of the U.S. general population (median age = 49, interquartile range, 32–60, range = 18–90). Participants were randomized through a 3 × 3 design to read one of 9 vignettes depicting signs and symptoms of mild stage dementia that varied the disease label (“Alzheimer's” vs. “traumatic brain injury” vs. no label) and prognosis (improve vs. static vs. worsen symptoms). Four stigma outcomes were assessed: discrimination, negative cognitive attributions, negative emotions, and social distance. Results The study found that the Alzheimer's disease label was generally not associated with more stigmatizing reactions. In contrast, expecting the symptoms to get worse, regardless of which disease label those symptoms received, resulted in higher levels of perceived structural discrimination, higher pity, and greater social distance. Conclusion These findings suggest that stigma surrounding pre-clinical Alzheimer's categories will depend highly on the expected prognosis attached to the label. They also highlight the need for models of Alzheimer's-directed stigma that incorporate attributions about the condition's mutability.
Raman spectra and conduction properties of V1−xTixO2 single crystals

Abstract Raman scattering and electrical conductivity measurements have been performed on mixed single crystals of V 1− x Ti x O 2 system. The results show that the formation of homopolar bonds between vanadium ion pairs in the orthorhombic phase produces little alteration of the conduction and vibrational properties compared with the insulator-metal transition, which occurs at a slightly higher temperature.
Development of Neural Electromagnetic Ontologies (NEMO): Ontology-based Tools for Representation and Integration of Event-related Brain Potentials

We describe a first-generation ontology forrepresentation and integration of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The ontology is designed following OBO “best practices” and is augmented with tools to perform ontology-based labeling and annotation of ERP data, and a database that enables semantically based reasoning over these data. Because certain high-level concepts in the ERP domain are illdefined, we have developed methods to support coordinated updates to each of these three components. This approach consists of “top-down” (knowledge-driven) design and implementation, followed by “bottom-up” (data-driven) validation and refinement. Our goal is to build an ERP ontology that is logically valid, empirically sound, robust in application, and transparent to users. This ontology will be used to support sharing and meta-analysis of EEG and MEG data collected within our Neural Electromagnetic Ontologies (NEMO) project.
Characterization of cast-to implant components from five manufacturers

Statement of problem Cast-to components are commonly used in screw-retained implant-supported restorations to produce precise fit. There is little information in the literature about the compositions and microstructures of commercially available products. Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize as-received cast-to components from 5 manufacturers (Dentsply Friadent CeraMed, Lifecore Biomedical, Inc, Nobel Biocare AB, Institut Straumann AG, and Zimmer Dental). Material and methods Two components from each manufacturer were mounted in metallographic resin, sectioned into quarters, remounted, wet polished with alumina abrasives, cleaned by ultrasonic agitation in distilled water, etched with aqua regia solutions, and carbon coated for scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. Secondary (SE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images were collected to investigate the variations in surface topography and composition, respectively. Elemental analyses (EDS) were performed using an energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer coupled to the SEM. Overall Vickers hardness (500-g load) and Vickers hardness of the 2 primary microstructural constituents (10-g load) were measured. Mean values and standard deviations were determined for the composition and Vickers hardness data. Results All implant components were composed of 2 distinctive parallel-band constituents containing gold, palladium, and platinum. Trace concentrations of iridium were also found. Elemental compositions of the darker bands observed by BSE differed by up to 20% for Au and Pt in the 5 products, whereas there was a minimal difference in Pd content. The lighter bands observed by BSE had nearly the same compositions in all 5 products, and contained much more Au and much less Pt than the darker bands. The gold-rich bands in each product were found to have much lower Vickers hardness. At high magnifications, each of the 2 bands appeared to contain 2 phases. Conclusions The elemental compositions, microstructures, and Vickers hardness of the 5 as-received cast-to implant components were similar. Because both microstructural bands principally contain gold, palladium, and platinum, these noble cast-to implant components should be metallurgically compatible with noble metal casting alloys. (J Prosthet Dent 2009;102:216-223)
High-level radioactive waste leakage from the 241-T-106 Tank on the Hanford Site☆

Abstract On June 8, 1973, the 241-T-106 Tank, located on the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site, was confirmed as leaking. Approximately 4.35 × 105 liters (115,000 gal) of liquid containing 40,000 Ci of cesium-137, 14,000 Ci of strontium-90, 6 Ci of plutonium and americium, and 297,000 Ci of various fission products (with half-lives of less than 5 years) were released to the glaciofluvial sediments surrounding the tank. Five years after the leak occurrence: (1) the maximum lateral extent of the 1-microcurie per liter ( μCi l ) ruthenium-106 (106Ru) concentration was approximately 23 m (75 ft) from any edge of the tank or about equivalent to the diameter of the tank; (2) the maximum depth of the 1- μCi l 106Ru concentration was 33 m (108 ft) or approximately 43% of the distance from the bottom of the tank to ground water. Modelling of vadose zone moisture and wetting frontal movement were in qualitative agreement in suggesting no waste will enter the Hanford ground-water system.
A second-order Godunov scheme on a spatial adapted triangular grid

Abstract Spatial adaptation procedures for the accurate and efficient solution of unsteady inviscid flow simulation are described. The adaptation procedures were developed and implemented applying a second-order Godunov scheme. These procedures involve mesh enrichment/coarsening to either add/remove vertices in high/low gradient regions of the flow, respectively. The goal is to achieve solutions of high spatial accuracy at minimal computational cost. The paper describes a very effective error estimator to detect high/low activity regions of the flow to be enriched or coarsened, respectively. The error estimator is based on total energy and density fluxes into the cell combined with gradient of density. Included in the paper is a detailed description of the direct dynamic refinement method that is used for adaptation. A detailed simulation of a reflection and diffraction of multiple shock waves flowing over a diamond shape wedge is presented and compared with experimental results. The simulated results are shown to be in excellent agreement with the experiment primarily in that all the complicated features of the physics are accurately accounted for and the shock waves, slip lines, vortices are sharply captured.
The accumulation, translocation and degradation of biocides at land wastewater disposal sites: the fate of malathion, carbaryl, diazinon and 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester

Abstract Waste disposal on the land has been practiced since pre-Biblical times and the capacity of the land to purify wastewater has often been demonstrated. It is, however, necessary to examine the large-scale and widespread use of land wastewater disposal in the context of current regulatory attitudes, for its effect on both the land, the water quality of adjacent or underlying waters, and for associated risks (public health or otherwise). This research addresses the specific problem of translocation and accumulation of biocides during the spray irrigation of wastewater.
Organization of glycolipids and glycoproteins in surface membranes: Dependency on cell cycle and on transformation*

Summary Ceramide penta-, tetra-, and trisaccharides of hamster NIL cells were maximally labeled during the G1-phase, and minimally during the S-phase using a surface labeling procedure with galactose oxidase and tritiated borohydride. Since the chemical concentration of ceramide penta- and tetrasaccharides in NIL cells was found nearly constant throughout various phases, the observed change of the label during the cell cycle can be ascribed to the alternation of the exposure rate of glycolipids due to altered organizational assemblage in surface membranes. In polyoma transformed NIL cells, the chemical quantity of higher glycolipids was reduced; nevertheless the rate of exposure was much greater than in NIL cells and was invariant during the cell cycle. There was a unique label in a ceramide tetrasaccharide (“ceramide X”) which was not found in non-transformed NIL cells. The label in “galactoprotein a” of NIL cells appears at the G1-phase and increases at later G1-phases. In transformed NIL cells, this label is always absent, throughout the cell cycle.
Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Bacteremia: Acquisition and Outcome

The incidence of enterococcal bacteremia due to Enterococcus faecium is increasing. To understand the clinical significance of E. faecium bacteremia, we compared 16 patients who were bacteremic due to E. faecium to 56 patients who were bacteremic due to Enterococcus faecalis. E. faecium bacteremia developed most frequently in severely ill patients with fever or hypothermia accompanied by CNS, cardiovascular, and/or pulmonary dysfunction, while E. faecalis bacteremia occurred most often in less seriously ill patients. Nosocomial acquisition, cancer, neutropenia, renal insufficiency, current corticosteroid therapy, and previous treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics were significantly more frequently associated with E. faecium bacteremia. Mortality was significantly higher among patients infected with E. faecium than among those infected with E. faecalis (50% vs. 11%; P = .001); this was true particularly among patients with monomicrobial or nosocomial bacteremia, those who had previously received antibiotic treatment, and those with cancer. Death due to enterococcal bacteremia was observed only among severely ill patients. These findings suggest that E. faecium often infects debilitated patients and that such infection appears to be a significant factor contributing to mortality.
Customized Endoluminal Graft to Treat a Suspected Saccular Thoracoabdominal Mycotic Aneurysm

Open surgical repair of mycotic aneurysm is associated with a high surgical morbidity and mortality. The role of endovascular graft repair of mycotic aneurysm remains controversial because the graft material remains in contact with possibly infected tissue. We report an endovascular technique of customizing an abdominal endoluminal graft component to treat a suspected saccular thoracoabdominal mycotic aneurysm involving the takeoff of the celiac trunk.
Reassessing Blacklist Era Television: Civil Libertarianism in You Are There, The Adventures of Robin Hood, and The Buccaneers

This article examines three popular scripted television shows of the 1950s, You Are There, The Adventures of Robin Hood, and The Buccaneers, all of which were clandestinely written by victims of the anti-communist blacklist in the American entertainment industry. I argue that although these shows have been conceived as methods of “resistance” by both the writers themselves and the historians that have studied them, the programs participated in a discursive process that saw the emergence of a dominant civil libertarian rhetoric in postwar culture. Replacing the wartime left-liberal lexicon of civil rights and social and economic justice, the civil libertarianism of the 1950s represented not simply resistance, but also a common governmentalizing language by which marginalized leftists and empowered anti-communists alike could celebrate liberalism as an antidote to forms of totalitarian rule.
Studies on cystic fibrosis using isoelectric focusing. II. Demonstration of deficient proteolytic cleavage of alpha2-macroglobulin in cystic fibrosis plasma.

Extract: A protein with an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.48 was found to be deficient in plasma from most cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygotes and obligate heterozygote carriers for CF as compared with normal control plasma. Purification of the protein with a pI of 5.48 from normal plasma was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, starch block clectrophoresis, and Sepharose 4B gel filtration. The purified protein migrated as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and displayed a single arc on immunoelectrophoresis against polyvalent antiserum to whole human serum. Results from various techniques used in its characterization indicate that this protein is a fragment of α2-macroglobulin (α2M) which is derived from α2M by proteolytic cleavage of intact α2M subunits. Quantitation of α2M levels in plasma indicated no significant differences between levels of α2M in CF homozygote, obligate heterozygote carrier, or normal control plasma samples. Quantitation of arginine esterase activity in plasma treated with chloroform and ellagic acid indicated that both the total arginine esterase activity and that fraction of arginine esterase activity inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) were decreased in most CF homozygote and obligate heterozygote plasma samples relative to normal control values. The results of this study indicate that plasma samples from CF homozygotes and obligate heterozygote carriers for CF show deficient proteolytic cleavage of α2M as compared with normal control plasma, and suggest that a structural abnormality in α2M or a deficiency in plasma proteolytic activity may be responsible for this deficiency in proteolysis. Speculation: An abnormality in the binding affinity of α2M for plasma proteases may account for the presence of “factors” in CF homozygotes and obligate heterozygote carriers.
Chemomechanical cycle of kinesin differs from that of myosin

MOTOR proteins move unidirectionally along cytoskeletal polymers by coupling translocation to cycles of ATP hydrolysis. The energy from ATP is required both to generate force and to dissociate the motor–filament complex in order to begin a new Chemomechanical cycle1,2. For myosin, force production is associated with phosphate release following ATP hydrolysis, whereas dissociation of actomyosin is tightly coupled to the binding of ATP3. Dynein, a microtubule motor, uses a similar cycle4, suggesting that all cytoskeletal motors might operate by a common mechanism. Here we investigate kinesin's Chemomechanical cycle by assaying microtubule movement by single kinesin molecules when intermediate states in the hydrolysis cycle are prolonged with ATP analogues or inhibitors. In contrast to myosin and dynein, kinesin with bound ADP dissociates from microtubules during translocation, whereas kinesin with unhydrolysed nucleotide remains tightly associated with the polymer. These findings imply that kinesin converts ATP energy into mechanical work by a pathway distinct from that of myosin or dynein.
Magnetic and spectroscopic probes for FeOFe linkages in hemin systems.

Abstract Magnetic and spectroscopic properties of μ-oxo-bis-hemins from natural and structurally related porphyrins were investigated as probes for ascertaining the presence or absence of FeIII-O-FeIII linkages between hemin moieties of hemeproteins. Magnetic susceptibilities of solids from 2.2 to 293 °K were investigated. The data fit the temperature variations expected for a pair of antiferromagnetically coupled S= 5 2 , iron(III) porphyrins with J values of
Nitrogen Assimilation and Protein Synthesis in Wheat Seedlings as Affected by Mineral Nutrition. II. Micronutrients

Deficiencies of each macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca. Mg, S, and Fe) decreased the specific activity of nitrate reductase from Triticum aestivum L. seedlings. Nitrate content was decreased by N, P, K, Ca, and Mg deficiencies and unaffected by S and Fe deficiencies. Glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity was decreased by N, P, and S deficiencies, unchanged by K deficiency, and increased by Ca, Mg, and Fe deficiencies. Glutamine synthetase activity closely paralleled nitrate reductase activity and was decreased by deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase was not sensitive to macronutrient deficiencies. High (14)C-leucine incorporation into tissue sections of N-, P-, K-, Ca-, and S-deficient seedlings did not appear indicative of protein synthesis rates in intact seedlings. Nutritional deficiencies apparently depleted endogenous amino acid pools and caused less inhibition of exogenous (14)C-leucine incorporation into protein.
Efficient Tool Paths and Part Orientation for Face Milling

High speed machining is pushing the limits of feeds and speeds. A different approach for high throughput is described here. The focus is on the maximum feed that can be obtained for a segment; the feed rate losses due to sharp changes in tool path are minimized. The interdependency of individual axis drive speeds for a tool path segment are analyzed. There exists an optimum work angle relative to the axes that reduces losses and increases allowable feeds for particular segments, saving valuable cycle time and balancing feed drive loads. Face milling and roughing steps of end milling are the most attractive application areas.
Role of thymus in operational tolerance induction in limb allograft transplant model.

BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the role of host thymus in tolerance induction in composite tissue allografts (CTA) across major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barrier during a 7-day alphabeta- T-cell receptor (TCR)/ cyclosporine A (CsA) protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 62 limb allograft transplants were studied. Euthymic (group A) and thymectomized (group B) Lewis recipients (LEW, RT1(1)) received vascularized hind-limb allografts from hybrid Lewis x Brown-Norway (F1), (LBN, RT1(1+n)) donors. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and skin grafting assessed donor-specific tolerance in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Flow cytometry determined the efficacy of immunosuppressive protocols and the presence of donor-specific chimerism. Immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of donor-specific cells in the lymphoid organs of recipients. RESULTS Isograft transplants survived indefinitely. For thymectomized rats, the median survival time (MST) of limb allograft in non-treated recipients was 7 days; monotherapy with alphabeta-TCR extended MST to 16 days, and CsA therapy extended it to 30 days. Using the alphabeta-TCR/CsA protocol, the MST of allografts was 51 days. For euthymic rats, the MST of limb allograft in non-treated recipients was 7 days; monotherapy with alphabeta-TCR or CsA extended MST to 13 or 22 days, respectively. Treatment with alphabeta-TCR/CsA resulted in indefinite allografts survival (MST=370 days). MLR and skin grafting confirmed donor-specific tolerance in euthymic recipients. Flow cytometry showed stable chimerism in the euthymic rats and transient chimerism in thymectomized limb recipients. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed the persistence of donor-derived cells in the lymphoid tissues of euthymic recipients. CONCLUSION We found that the presence of thymus was imperative for the induction of donor-specific tolerance in rat hind-limb composite tissue allografts using a alphabeta-TCR/CsA protocol.
Grain abundance in the primordial atmosphere of the earth

For models of planetary accumulation in the presence of solar nebular gas, the initial surface temperature of the earth is controlled by the grain opacity of the atmosphere. The surface temperature in turn controls the quantity of neon dissolved and trapped within the interior of the earth. To compare accumulation theory with observation, calculations have been made of the grain opacity expected to be associated with accumulation in a gaseous nebula. There are two parameters that are in principle determined by the theory, but actually are at present uncertain: the mean eccentricity(e) of the planetesimal swarm, and the fraction (xi) of the accretional energy that is expended in the release of grains into the atmosphere by ablation of the incoming planetesimal. It is found that if e is low (0.001), rather low values of xi (0.00001) are required to match the observed neon data. In contrast higher values of xi (0.1) are required for the most probable case with e = 0.01. For the high-eccentricity case (e = 0.1), xi must be greater than 0.01. The results show that avoidance of excess trapped neon of solar composition places restrictive, but not necessarily impossible, conditions on the parameters of the accumulation theory.
INCREASED FAT AND DECREASED CARBOHYDRATE APPETITE OF PANCREATECTOMIZED RATS

BERNARD, who in 1859 fifst stated his concept of the constancy of the internal environment, described various physiological mechanisms, part responses of the organism, responses of individual organs, which contribute to the maintenance of this constancy. We have recently found that behavior mechanisms, responses of the total organism, may also serve to maintain the constancy of the internal environment. The existence of these behavior mechanisms became established in experiments in which certain physiological mechanisms had been excluded. Thus, after adrenalectomy had removed the chief physiological means of regulating sodium metabolism, it was found that the animal itself made an effort to maintain the sodium balance by seeking and ingesting large amounts of sodium chloride (1). Similarly, after parathyroidectomy had removed the physiological mechanisms for the maintenance of a constant calcium balance, the animals themselves made an effort to correct the calcium loss by ingesting large amounts of calciu...
An improved perturbation theory and van der Waals one-fluid theory of binary fluid mixtures: Part 1. Total and excess thermodynamic properties

We have examined the accuracy of a modified first-order perturbation theory of nonideal binary mixtures and van der Waals one-fluid theory, which uses an accurate equation of state for pure fluids. Perturbation theory consists of the first-order perturbation theory of high temperature approximation and the random phase approximation. Inclusion of random phase approximation enhances the applicability of perturbation theory to much wider ranges of temperatures and densities. In this part of the paper, results are reported for pressure, residual chemical potentials at finite concentration and in infinite dilution, total and excess properties of several fluid mixtures under highly nonideal conditions. In these mixtures, size and energy parameters of like as well as unlike components differ significantly. Comparisons of theoretical predictions with accurate simulation results show, in general, a very good performance of the perturbation theory in varying nonideal conditions. Van der Waals one-fluid theory is successful in predicting equation of state, residual chemical potentials at finite concentration and in infinite dilution in moderately nonideal mixtures only. It becomes less reliable in describing residual chemical potentials in infinite dilution in highly nonideal mixtures, and becomes unreliable in predicting excess properties of even moderately nonideal mixtures. In general, the present form of perturbation theory offers a significant improvement over the previous forms based on high temperature approximation, and is essentially more accurate than the van der Waals one-fluid theory.
Wavelengths, Energy Levels, and Analysis of Neutral Atomic Chlorine (Cl i)

New wavelength measurements in the region from 950 to 12 000 A were combined with the infrared data of Humphreys and Paul [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.49, 1180 ( 1959)] to extend the analysis of Cl i. Electrodeless discharge lamps containing SiCl4, GeCl4, PbCl2, or chlorine gas were used to obtain wavelengths for 920 lines, of which 330 are interferometric values. The number of classified and observed lines has increased from about 550 and 780, to 1097 and 1173, respectively. Forty-three new even levels and 39 new odd levels were established, five levels were rejected, and some J values and configuration assignments were changed. The total number of known levels now stands at 112 odd and 128 even. The 3s 3p6 S2012 was found at 85 679 cm−1, and new levels belonging to each of the Cl ii 3p4 limit levels were established. Most of the new levels belong to the 3p4 6p, 3p4nf n=6 to 8, 3p4ns n=6 to 8, and 3p4nd n=4 to 8 configurations. The improved measurements and energy level values lead us to propose 108 vuv lines with uncertainties of less than 0.0015 A as reference wavelengths. The accuracy of the series limit corresponding to Cl ii 3p4 3P2 was improved slightly; the newly calculated value is 104591.0±0.3 cm−1.
Probabilistic finite element analysis of residual stress formation in shrink-fit ceramic/steel gun barrels

AbstractThe development of residual stresses in a hybrid α-SiC lining/CrMoV steel jacket gun barrel during shrink fitting of the jacket over the lining is studied using a probabilistic finite element analysis. Particular attention is given to understanding the development of the axial compressive stress in the ceramic lining, since this stress (if sufficiently high) can prevent lining failure caused by formation and growth of circumferential cracks near the barrel ends. To quantify the effect of variability in various design, material and process parameters on the magnitude and the distribution of the axial residual stress, a probabilistic structural analysis approach, known as the advanced mean value (AMV) method, is used, enabling determination of the cumulative distribution function for failure of the lining. The results obtained are validated using the adaptive importance sampling (AIS) method, an efficient direct statistical sampling technique. Lastly, the corresponding sensitivity factors which quan...
Structural and magnetic properties of multiferroic bulk TbMnO3

Abstract In this work, a facile and inexpensive hybrid solution route is presented for the fabrication of multiferroic bulk TbMnO 3 . The phase purity of the sample was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The temperature dependent dc susceptibility data clearly showed the anomaly related to the ordering of Tb 3+ moments as well as an anomaly that may be related to the Neel temperature. A signature of the Neel temperature and the spiral spin ordering were observed through the complex component of ac susceptibility.
Microsatellite multiplexes for high‐throughput genotyping of French grunts (Haemulon flavolineatum, Pisces: Haemulidae) and their utility in other grunt species

Grunts of the genus Haemulon are abundant in the western Atlantic and are an important component of regional fisheries. Management efforts for these and other Caribbean reef fish require an understanding of population structure and the extent of dispersal among populations. We characterized 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci for French grunts (Haemulon flavolineatum) and grouped them into three PCR multiplexes to facilitate high-throughput genotyping. These loci will be useful for population genetic studies of French grunts. Cross-species amplifications suggest these loci are also suitable for population genetic studies of H. aurolineatum, H. plumieri, and H. sciurus.
A radioimmunoassay for phosphorylated forms of vitamin B6

Hapten-specific antibodies are found in rabbit serum afterimmunization of the animals with phosphopyridoxyl-bovine serum albumin. These were purified approximately 80-fold by salt fractionation and affinity chromatography on phosphopyridoxyl-aminoethyl cellulose. The purified hapten-specific antibodies were covalently coupled to Immunobeads. The antibody-Immunobead preparation binds [3H]pyridoxine phosphate. This provides the basis for a radioimmunoassay for vitamin B6 derivatives. [3H]Pyridoxine phosphate is displaced from the matrix-attached antibodies by pyridoxine phosphate, pyridoxamine phosphate, and pyridoxal phosphate, but is not displaced to any significant extent by pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, or 5'-deoxypyridoxal. The antibody-Immunobead preparation may be recycled for reutilization in radioimmunoassay procedures. The sensitivity of the assay is in the picomole range.
Case 35-1988: A 63-Year-Old Asplenic Man with Myelofibrosis, Fever, and Bloody Diarrhea

Presentation of Case A 63-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever and diarrhea. He was well until nine years earlier, when leukocytosis and splenomegaly were found. Biopsy specimens of the bone marrow and liver were obtained, and a diagnosis of idiopathic myelofibrosis was made. Two years later, because of abdominal fullness and early satiety, a splenectomy was performed; the patient was provided with penicillin and was advised to take it in the event of infection. Six years before admission the white-cell count rose as high as 155,000, and busulfan was begun. One year later an x-ray film . . .
On the chemistry and mineralogy of boron in pure and in mixed systems: A review

Abstract Boron (B) is the third member of the third periodic group. It is a nonmetal with an atomic number of five and a constant valence of 3+. Boric acid [B(OH)3]and H2Bo3 − are the most common geologic forms of B, with boric acid the predominant form of B in agricultural soils. Boron occurs mainly in silicate minerals. The 10 μg/g B concentration of the earth's crust is distributed among common rock types. Less than five percent of total soil B is available for crop uptake. This helps to explain the occurrence of B deficiency in 41 of the 50 states. The availability of soil B depends on soil texture, pH, and soil moisture content. A number of soil components have shown an affinity for B. These include Al‐ and Fe‐ hydroxy compounds, ferromagnesian minerals found in sand and silt separates, Al‐ and Fe‐ oxides, and organic matter. Studies have shown B adsorption to increase with increasing pH. Boric acid predominates at pH values less than 7.0 and borate ions predominate in solutions of higher pH. Boron a...
The cytological responses of tomato-seedling cotyledons to chilling and the influence of membrane modifications upon these responses

Tomato seedlings were exposed to 3 days of chilling at 5 °C in both the presence and absence of 5 mM ethanolamine. An array of pathological responses could be seen at both the light and electron microscope levels: apparent loss of cell turgor, vacuolization, reduction in the apparent volume of both the cytoplasm and the vacuolar protein bodies, apparent deposition of new material in the cell walls, general disorganization of organelles, especially plastids, and a general loss of cytoplasmic structure. Chilling injury was less pronounced in ethanolamine-treated cotyledonary tissues which appeared to have normal turgor and cell shape at the light microscope level and better preserved organelles at the ultrastructural level. Protection by ethanolamine at the ultrastructural level was most pronounced for the cytoplasm, the mitochondria, and the cell walls. Dead cells were seen with both treatments but were 2–3 times as numerous in the chilled-only tissue.
The Chromatic Cornsweet Effect

The Cornsweet effect was measured using equiluminous chromatic gradients as well as with an achromatic gradient. The chromatic Cornsweet effect is smaller than the achromatic effect.
Handling Ibuprofen increases pain tolerance and decreases perceived pain intensity in a cold pressor test.

Pain contributes to health care costs, missed work and school, and lower quality of life. Extant research on psychological interventions for pain has focused primarily on developing skills that individuals can apply to manage their pain. Rather than examining internal factors that influence pain tolerance (e.g., pain management skills), the current work examines factors external to an individual that can increase pain tolerance. Specifically, the current study examined the nonconscious influence of exposure to meaningful objects on the perception of pain. Participants (N = 54) completed a cold pressor test, examined either ibuprofen or a control object, then completed another cold pressor test. In the second test, participants who previously examined ibuprofen reported experiencing less intense pain and tolerated immersion longer (relative to baseline) than those who examined the control object. Theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed.
Seizures, enhanced excitation, and increased vesicle number in Lis1 mutant mice.

Objective In humans, abnormal neuronal migration and severe neuronal disorganization resulting from Lis1 (lissencephaly) haploinsufficiency contributes to cognitive impairment and seizures early in life. In Lis1 heterozygotic mice, severe hippocampal disorganization and cognitive impairment have also been reported. Using this mouse model, we examined the functional impact of LIS1 deficiency with particular focus on excitatory glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission. Methods We used visualized patch-clamp recordings in acute hippocampal slices. We recorded spontaneous, miniature and stimulation-evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC). Additional mice were processed for immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy (EM), or video-electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Results Video-EEG confirmed the presence of spontaneous electrographic seizures in Lis1 mutant mice. In disorganized hippocampal slices from Lis1+/− mice, we noted a nearly two-fold significant increase in the frequency of spontaneous and miniature EPSC; no significant change in amplitude or decay was noted. Synaptic function assessed using brief repetitive or paired-pulse stimulation protocols, also revealed significant enhancement of glutamate-mediated excitation. Low concentrations of cadmium, a nonspecific blocker of voltage-dependent calcium channels mediating vesicle release, effectively restored paired-pulse facilitation deficits back to control levels. Analysis of synapse ultrastructure at the EM level identified a large increase in synaptic vesicle number. Interpretation Seizure activity, possibly associated with increased glutamate-mediated excitation and an increased pool of vesicles at the presynaptic site, was demonstrated in a mouse model of type I lissencephaly. Ann Neurol 2009;66:644–653
He diffusion and closure temperatures in apatite and zircon: A density functional theory investigation

Abstract Diffusion of He in zircon and apatite is of fundamental importance in the interpretation of He-loss measurements used in thermochronology. The diffusion of He in zircon is strongly anisotropic, while experimental measurements find He diffusion in apatite to be nearly isotropic. We present the first calculations for He diffusion in Ca5(PO4)3F fluroapatite and re-calculate He diffusivity in zircon, ZrSiO4, in order to make a consistent comparison with the results of the apatite calculations and clarify discrepancies in the literature. Calculated diffusivities for apatite are: D [ 0 0 1 ] ( cm 2 / s ) = 0.014 exp ( − 84 kJ mol - 1 / RT ) D [ 1 1 0 ] ( cm 2 / s ) = 0.024 exp ( − 104 kJ mol - 1 / RT ) and for zircon: D [ 0 0 1 ] ( cm 2 / s ) = 0.0039 exp ( − 42 kJ mol - 1 / RT ) D [ 1 0 0 ] ( cm 2 / s ) = 0.030 exp ( − 255 kJ mol - 1 / RT ) He diffusion in ideal zircon is greater than in ideal apatite and anisotropic in both. However, the degree of anisotropy is much more pronounced in zircon. The computational approach allows a comparison of the behavior of the ideal structures (i.e., defect-free) as compared to natural samples that may contain impurities or some level of radiation damage. The calculated diffusivities for the ideal structure are in closer agreement with experimentally determined values for natural apatite than for zircon. The calculations predict that the perfect zircon structure will have high diffusivities due to large uninterrupted “channels” along [0 0 1]. However, in natural samples, these channels may be interrupted due to the presence of impurities, e.g., radiogenic Pb, or nanoscale radiation-damage cascades, 5 nm in diameter, created by the alpha-decay of incorporated U and Th, thus effectively lowering the diffusivity. The damage microstructure depends on the fluence and thermal history of the sample, and variations in thermal history can lead to variations in the He-loss and the interpreted age and thermal history. Closure temperatures in the ideal structure are extremely low, −35 °C for apatite and −150 °C for zircon, suggesting the degree of radiation damage plays an important role in attaining closure to He loss.
Ballots and rooks

The level code representation of the simplest ballot problem (weak lead lattice paths from (0, 0) to (n, n) is the set of sequences (b"1,..., b"n) defined by b"1 = 1, b"i" "-"1 @? b"i @? i, 2 @? i @?n. Each sequence is monotone non-decreasing, has a specification (c"1, c"2,..., c"n) with c"i the number of sequence elements equal to i (hence c"1 + c"2...+ c"n = n), and may be permuted in n!c"1!...c"n! ways. The set of permuted sequences, as noted in [4], is the set of parking functions, introduced by Konheim and Weiss in [1]. To count parking functions by number of fixed points, associate the rook polynomial for matching a deck of cards of specification (c"1,...,c"n), c"i cards marked i, with a deck of n distinct cards. The hit polynomial H"n(x) corresponding to the sum of such rook polynomials over all sequences (I am using the terminology of [2]) is the required enumerator and turns out to be simply (n+1)^2H"n(x)=(x+n)^n^+^1-(x-1)^n^+^1.
A problem in diophantine approximation found in Ramanujan's lost notebook

Pages 262–265 in Ramanujan’s Lost Notebook and Other Unpublished Papers are devoted to a draft of a manuscript on an unusual problem in diophantine approximation. Ramanujan finds the maximum value of a polynomial when the variable takes rational values, and he observes the maxima’s periodicity. Because definitions and theorems in the manuscript are imprecise, the authors have attempted to interpret Ramanujan’s ideas and provide rigorous proofs.
A spectroscopic determination of e/m

Rydberg constants for hydrogen and helium.—By an interferometer method the wave-lengths of the hydrogen lines at 6563A and 4861A were measured with reference to λ5015.6750 of He as standard. The values so obtained were, for the doublet at 6563A, 6562.7110±.0018 and 6562.8473±.0009; and for the doublet at 4861, 4861.2800±.0013 and 4861.3578±0022. Similarly the wave-lengths of the 4686 lines of ionized helium were found to be 4685.7030±.0012 and 4685.8030±.0026. From these values of the wave-lengths the Rydberg constant for hydrogen, RH is calculated to be 109,677.759±.008, and the Rydberg constant for helium, RHe, to be 109, 722.403±.004. Calculation of e/m.—The ratio of the mass of the electron to the mass of the hydrogen nucleus, m/mH, is given by m/mH=(RHe-RH)(mHe-m)/RH(mHe-mH)=1.33648(RHe-RH)/RH. The value of e/m is given in terms of the Faraday constant as e/m=(mH/m)(F/mH). If the values of RH and RHe calculated above be substituted in these expressions and if it be assumed that F=96470 abamp. per gr. mol. and mH=1.0072, it is found that e/m has the value (1.7606±.0010)×10^(7) e.m.u. per gr.
Ammonite evolution and its bearing on the cenomanian turonian boundary problem

Recent records ofVascoceras andNigericeras from the Cenomanian are reviewed and considered to be based upon mis-identification and/or questionable stratigraphic evidence. Phylogenetic relationships suggest that both these genera are wholly Turonian. The new genusProvascoceras is erected for the uppermost CenomanianVascoceras diartianus (d’Oreigny) whilst the Upper CenomanianPseudotissotia inopinata Kennedy & Bayliss is shown to be an homoeomorphous offshoot ofAcompsoceras, unrelated to the Turonian genus, for which the new genusKennediella is proposed. A refined zonal subdivision of the Turonian Stage is proposed.
BAYES' THEOREM AND THE USE OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE IN REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Abstract : A Bayesian approach to the problem of integration prior information into the analysis of the normal regression model was adopted. A reinterpretation of the ''mixed'' estimaticedure of Theil and Goldberger was provided with an assumption. It was shown that the posterior distribution of beta takes the form of a product of multivariate normal and multivariate t distributions. What may be regarded as a generalization of Fisher's work on the problem of making inferences when samples are drawn from two normal populations with common mean and unequal variances was obtained. In this case, it was shown that the posterior dis tribution of beta is in the form of the product of two multivariate t distributions.
A new concept in social psychiatry: Child advocacy

The recent report of the Joint Commission on the Mental Health of Children concludes that the state of mental health services for children has deteriorated in the past forty years. This is a paradoxical finding as there has been a steady growth of child psychiatric services during this time. The explanation appears to lie partly in the existence of structural or system defects which have impaired the growth and adaptation of child mental health services, and partly in societal ambivalence towards children. This paper discusses these important social psychiatric issues in the light of the newly developing concept of child advocacy.