cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors controlling sediment denitrification in midwestern streams of varying land use.

We investigated controls on stream sediment denitrification in nine headwater streams in the Kalamazoo River Watershed, Michigan, USA. Factors influencing denitrification were determined by using experimental assays based on the chloramphenicol-amended acetylene inhibition technique. Using a coring technique, we found that sediment denitrification was highest in the top 5 cm of the benthos and was positively related to sediment organic content. To determine the effect of overlying water quality on sediment denitrification, first-order stream sediments were assayed with water from second- and third-order downstream reaches, and often showed higher denitrification rates relative to assays using site-specific water from the first-order stream reach. Denitrification was positively related to nitrate (NO3−) concentration, suggesting that sediments may have been nutrient-limited. Using stream-incubated inorganic substrata of varying size classes, we found that finer-grained sand showed higher rates of denitrification compared to large pebbles, likely due to increased surface area per volume of substratum. Denitrification was measurable on both inorganic substrata and fine particulate organic matter loosely associated with inorganic particles, and denitrification rates were related to organic content. Using nutrient-amended denitrification assays, we found that sediment denitrification was limited by NO3− or dissolved organic carbon (DOC, as dextrose) variably throughout the year. The frequency and type of limitation differed with land use in the watershed: forested streams were NO3−-limited or co-limited by both NO3− and DOC 92% of the time, urban streams were more often NO3−-limited than DOC-limited, whereas agricultural stream sediments were DOC-limited or co-limited but not frequently limited by NO3− alone.
Cooperative spatial multiplexing in mobile ad hoc networks

We propose a new cooperative relaying technique for delivering high-rate data in mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed approach is to make each relay node to detect only a subset (called sub-stream) of the source data stream and all relay nodes to forward their low rate sub-streams simultaneously over the same physical channel. At the destination, multiple receive antennas or RAKE fingers separate the sub-streams and reassemble them based on their spatial characteristics or spreading codes, respectively. The distinctive benefit of this approach is the reduction of transmit and receive processing requirements on each relay node, while providing significant savings in the overall transmit and receive energy, particularly in the high spectral efficiency regime. Therefore, the proposed approach is particularly attractive in situations where each relay can handle only low-rates due to limited resources in terms of energy, bandwidth, hardware, and space (size). The proposed relaying architecture also provides an additional physical layer security mechanism
Simultaneous determination of product attributes and prices, and production processes in product-line design.

Abstract Global competition, rapid changes in technology, and market fragmentation have resulted in shorter product life cycles. In order to remain viable, it is increasingly important for firms to introduce new products frequently. Product design is a complex process that involves coordination of activities among several functional disciplines within the company as well as the customers and the suppliers. Traditionally, the information flow among the various product development stages has been sequential. However, there is increasing evidence to suggest that an integrated approach that considers several stages simultaneously may be superior. This paper provides a decision support tool for implementing such an integrated approach. On the basis of given customer preferences, the paper presents a model for determining the number of new products to be introduced, the exact specifications of these products, and the production processes for efficiently delivering these specifications. These decisions are made in an integrated manner by simultaneously considering the interaction among the various choice variables. A decomposition-based solution procedure is developed that iterates between the product design and process selection decisions while maintaining an effective link between them. In addition to understanding the economic value of adopting the integrated approach to product design, the paper discusses how the proposed model can be used effectively to perform sensitivity analysis with respect to some of the important decision variables.
Weak-localization effects in two- and one-dimensional electron systems above the superconducting transition

The weak-localization correction to the conductivity in two- and one-dimensional electron systems close to the superconducting transition is studied. We calculate directly the correction to the conductivity and take into account the exact frequency dependence of the phase relaxation time due to the electron-electron interaction in the Cooper channel (superconducting fluctuations). It is shown that in two dimensions the effective phase relaxation time due to the interaction in the Cooper channel close to the superconducting transition has practically the same order of magnitude and the same functional form as the phase relaxation time due to the Coulomb interaction. This result strongly differs from earlier works in which the electron phase relaxation time was calculated separately for zero electron frequency. In the one-dimensional case the phase relaxation due to the interaction in the Cooper channel near the superconducting transition is more important than the relaxation due to the Coulomb interaction.
A Multi-Disciplinary Design Environment

Design projects provide an ideal focus for hands-on learning, serving to anchor and provide context for theoretical concepts. Product design is inherently open-ended and multi-disciplinary, and forces effective teamwork skills, especially if the project is complex enough (in other words, realistic). By creating and implementing designs, students come to appreciate that engineering is about creating things for the benefit of society, a premise that has broad appeal to a diverse population. This paper discusses the design resources of the Integrated Teaching and Learning (ITL) Program, the design curricula it supports, and lessons learned.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Acrylamide and Iodide Fluorescence Quenching as a Structural Probe of Tryptophan Microenvironment in Bovine Lens Crystallins

Fluorescence quenching using acrylamide and iodide quenchers has been used to investigate the microenvironments of tryptophan residues in bovine alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallin fractions. Acrylamide quenching is very sensitive to the degree of tryptophan accessibility to the solvent containing the acrylamide. Since acrylamide is able to diffuse into the interior of the protein, accessibility to acrylamide may result from Trp residues lying at the surface of the protein or from the existence of channels leading to the interior of the protein. Iodide ion is hydrated and is limited by its large size and charge to quenching of tryptophan residues lying at or near the surface of proteins. Tryptophan residues in the lens crystallin fractions were found to be highly accessible to acrylamide, yet the rate of quenching by acrylamide was very low, indicating that the tryptophan residues of the lens crystallin fractions occupy predominately hydrophobic environments. The high accessibility to acrylamide likely results from diffusion of acrylamide into the interior of the protein. Accessibility to iodide was much lower, as was the rate of quenching by iodide, adding support to the conclusions from acrylamide quenching.
Factors Affecting Live Cattle Basis

Cattle producers and beef packers need to understandbasis determinantsas they develop price expectations and make pricing, hedging, and forward contracting decisions. This study empirically estimated factors explaining variability in monthly fed cattle basis. The five main results regarding live cattle basis are 1) corn price is an important determinant, 2) a change in the value of the Choice-to-Select spreadpositively affects basis, 3) changes in the levels of captive supplies have no significant statisticalor economic impact on basis, 4) the June 1995 live cattle futures contract did not impact basis, and 5) both market fundamentalsand seasonal components are importantbasis determinants.
Computing in Astronomy: To See the Unseen

Advances in computing have empowered astronomers to explore the universe in greater detail. Software-defined instruments relying on digital data capture and processing are more powerful than ever and continue to bring us new knowledge about the universe and our place in it.
Molecular mechanisms of glutamate receptor clustering at excitatory synapses.

Abstract The targeting of AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors to synapses in the central nervous system is essential for efficient excitatory synaptic transmission. Recent studies have indicated that protein—protein interactions of these receptors with synaptic proteins that contain PDZ domains are crucial for receptor targeting. NMDA receptors have been found to bind to the PSD-95 family of proteins, whereas AMPA receptors interact with the PDZ-domain-containing protein GRIP (glutamate receptor interacting protein). PSD-95 and GRIP contain multiple PDZ domains as well as other protein—protein interactions motifs that help to form large macromolecular complexes that may be important for the formation and plasticity of synapses.
The Effect of Race/Ethnicity on the Age of Colon Cancer Diagnosis.

BACKGROUND : Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Notably, racial/ethnic disparities exist in both incidence and mortality. PURPOSE : The aim of this case study was to investigate the impact of race/ethnicity on age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a defined population in Suffolk County, NY. METHODS : Data were retrospectively collected on race/ethnicity, health insurance status, age at diagnosis, stage at diagnosis, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, tumor location, and body mass index for colorectal cancer patients with medical records in the Stony Brook University Medical Center database (2005-2011). Population-based data on Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry of New York State for an overlapping time period. Permutation-based ANCOVA and logistic regression with stepwise variable selection were conducted to identify covariates and first-order interactions associated with younger age at diagnosis and cancer stage as a dependent categorical variable. RESULTS : Of 328 colorectal cancer patients, Hispanics were diagnosed at a median younger age of 57y vs. 67y than non-Hispanic Whites (FDR = 0.001). Twenty-six percent of Hispanics were diagnosed with colorectal cancer prior to the recommended age (50y) for colorectal cancer surveillance compared to 11% of non-Hispanic Whites (FDR =0.007). Analysis of New York State registry data corroborated our findings that Hispanic colorectal cancer patients were diagnosed at a median younger age than non-Hispanic Whites. Permutation-based ANCOVA identified race/ethnicity and health insurance as significantly associated with age of diagnosis (P=0.001). Logistic regression selected (younger) age at diagnosis as being significantly associated with stage IV disease. The limitations of the case study reside in the use of self-reporting of race and ethnicity and in the small sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS : Hispanics may be at higher risk for colorectal cancer ( y) and younger age at diagnosis is associated with advanced disease.
Autodestruction of penis due to carcinoma

Four unusual cases of autodestruction of the penis are described with their aetiology, diagnosis and management. Causes for delay in diagnosis and therapy, prevention and early recognition of this condition are emphasized.
Multiple Paternity and Breeding System in the Gopher Tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus

Little is known about the reproductive behaviors and the actual outcomes of mating attempts in the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). We examined the mating system and reproductive behaviors of a population of gopher tortoises in central Florida. Using microsatellite markers, we assigned fathers to the offspring of seven clutches and determined that multiple fathers were present in two of the seven clutches examined. We found that gopher tortoises exhibited a promiscuous mating system with larger males fertilizing the majority of clutches. The advantage of larger males over smaller males in fertilizing females may be aresult oflargermales winning access tofemales inaggressive bouts with other males or larger males may bemore attractive to females. Clutches producedbylargerfemales tended tobesiredbya single male, whereasclutchesof smaller females tended to be sired by multiple males.
An aligned rank test for censored data from randomized block designs

SUMMARY The aligned rank test of Hodges & Lehmann (1962) is extended to censored survival data collected in matched pairs or randomized blocks. The test statistic for matched pairs is a direct extension of the original aligned rank test, whereas the test statistic for use with block size k > 2 is constructed from the paired data statistics comparing all possible pairs of treatments. The efficiency of recovery of interblock information with censored matched pairs is examined by calculating the asymptotic efficiency of the proposed test relative to the sign test under a Weibull model with a single overall censoring time. The powers of these two tests and two other tests are compared under a more general model in a Monte Carlo study. A numerical example illustrating the technique is included.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like bioactivity in placenta: Evidence for the existence of substances other than pyroglu-his-pro-nh2 (TRH) capable of stimulating pituitary thyrotropin release

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical nature of the TRH-like bioactivity and immunoreactivity in extracts of human placenta. Methanolic extracts of human placenta contained nearly 36 ng TRH-like bioactivity/g dried tissue. The immunoreactivity of this extract was only 3 ng/g dried tissue. Two molar acetic acid extracts of human placenta yielded 9 ng TRH-like bioactivity/g dried tissue. The immunoreactivity of these acetic acid extracts, however, was 5.5 ng/g dried tissue. When these placental extracts were subjected to gel filtration chromatography, the bioactivity was found to reside in two fractions which were distinct from synthetic TRH. Furthermore, the immunoreactivity present in these placental extracts was also chromatographically distinct from that of synthetic TRH. In conclusion, these experiments confirm the presence of substantial quantities of materials in placenta which possess TRH-like immunoreactivity and bioactivity. These results also argue that the immunoreactive frac...
Depression, depression treatment, and insulin sensitivity in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Aims To compare insulin sensitivity (Si) in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who were categorized as non-depressed, treated for depression and untreated depression after controlling for physical activity (PA). Methods Baseline data was analyzed from individuals enrolled in a diabetes prevention program ( n = 56). Si was calculated using the whole-body insulin sensitivity method. The Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) was used to assess depressive symptoms and depressed cases were identified using a cutoff of ≥16. Depression treatment was identified using a self-report form validated by medical chart review. The PA subscale of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile was used to determine PA levels. Results One third of participants had elevated depressive symptoms; 19% were taking antidepressant medication. Mean Si was 3.1 (±1.9). In ANOVA, depressed individuals showed significantly lower Si ( M = 1.8 ± 0.9) than non-depressed individuals ( M = 3.4 ± 1.8). However, individuals taking antidepressant medications had Si similar to non-depressed individuals ( M = 3.7 ± 2.3: p = .63). In ANCOVA this association remained after controlling for PA. Conclusions These data suggest that in adults at high risk for T2DM, depression treatment may improve insulin resistance observed in depression. Healthcare practitioners are encouraged to screen, treat, or refer their patients with depression for treatment.
Molecular tests of the proposed diploid hybrid origin of Gilia achilleifolia (Polemoniaceae)

Gilia achilleifolia is a putative diploid hybrid species. Hybrid origin was hypothesized based on traditional biosystematic evidence (i.e., morphological, cytological, and crossability data), which may be insufficient to establish genealogical history. Here, phylogenetic analysis of sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions is used to examine the relationship between the putative hybrid species and its proposed parents. Isozyme variation is assayed to test for genetic additivity in the putative hybrid taxon and morphological data are analyzed cladistically to evaluate the characters that led to the original hypothesis of hybrid origin. The ITS-based gene tree placed G. achilleifolia in two divergent clades, each sister to one of the putative parental lineages. Little isozyme additivity was observed and G. achilleifolia possessed six unique alleles among 42 alleles observed. However, ITS and isozyme trees differed in their placement of the two lineages of G. achilleifolia; both lineages are closer to a third putative parent in the isozyme tree. Also, G. achilleifolia is intermediate or polymorphic for all nine morphological characteristics differentiating the parental species. Sorting of ancestral polymorphisms cannot easily account for expression patterns of seven of these characters. In our view, these results fail to distinguish between alternative hypotheses of ancient hybrid origin and divergent evolution, belying the difficulty of detecting ancient hybrids.
EVIDENCE FOR INTRINSIC REFLECTION ASYMMETRY IN THE 91-NEUTRON ISOTONES, 153Sm AND 155Gd

Evidence for intrinsic reflection asymmetry in 153Sm and 155Gd is presented. Four parity doublets in 153Sm (average energy spacings 77.4 keV) and six in 155Gd (average energy spacings 122 keV) are observed with fast connecting E1 transitions between the PD bands. A tendency toward a hybridized absolute value of the decoupling parameter is also observed in one set of 155GdKπ=1/2± bands.
Modeling [18F]-FDG lymphoid tissue kinetics to characterize nonhuman primate immune response to Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus aerosol challenge

The pathogenesis and immune response to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by a recently discovered coronavirus, MERS-CoV, have not been fully characterized because a suitable animal model is currently not available. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as a longitudinal noninvasive approach can be beneficial in providing biomarkers for host immune response. [18F]-FDG uptake is increased in activated immune cells in response to virus entry and can be localized by PET imaging. We used [18F]-FDG-PET/CT to investigate the host response developing in nonhuman primates after MERS-CoV exposure and applied kinetic modeling to monitor the influx rate constant (K i ) in responsive lymphoid tissue. Multiple [18F]-FDG-PET and CT images were acquired on a PET/CT clinical scanner modified to operate in a biosafety level 4 environment prior to and up to 29 days after MERS-CoV aerosol exposure. Time activity curves of various lymphoid tissues were reconstructed to follow the [18F]-FDG uptake for approximately 60 min (3,600 s). Image-derived input function was used to calculate K i for lymphoid tissues by Patlak plot. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed alterations in K i that was associated with the time point (p < 0.001) after virus exposure and the location of lymphoid tissue (p = 0.0004). As revealed by a statistically significant interaction (p < 0.0001) between these two factors, the pattern of K i changes over time differed between three locations but not between subjects. A distinguished pattern of statistically significant elevation in K i was observed in mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs) that correlated to K i changes in axillary LNs. Changes in LNs K i were concurrent with elevations of monocytes in peripheral blood. [18F]-FDG-PET is able to detect subtle changes in host immune response to contain a subclinical virus infection. Full quantitative analysis is the preferred approach rather than semiquantitative analysis using standardized uptake value for detection of the immune response to the virus.
Inflammatory Mechanisms of Remodeling in Injured Arteries

Understanding the mechanisms that produce and the development of effective treatments for restenosis following angioplasty have eluded intense efforts over two decades. Enthusiasms for various therapies have waxed and waned, confronting us with the limitations of our mastery of the biology of restenosis. Our initial concepts of the mechanisms of restenosis now appear naive. Although we have learned a great deal from animal models of arterial injury, direct translation of the findings of such studies to the more complex situation in humans has proven frustrating.
The value of anticancer drugs in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: economic tools for the community oncologist.

BACKGROUND Community oncologists need a simplified methodology for assessing the value of anticancer drugs. In the United States and Europe, costs of anticancer drug were previously estimated at US$50,000 to >US$100,000 per quality adjusted lifeyear (QALY). The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the United Kingdom states that the average cost-effectiveness ratios intervention of >US$50,000 per QALY must be questioned. OBJECTIVES To design a drug model to estimate the amount in United States dollars (US$) paid for life-year gain (LYG) and QALY, and to apply that model in the treatment of chemo-naive and chemo-treated patients with castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC). METHODS Cost per LYG (cost/LYG) was compared with cost per probability of survival (cost/PoS) calculated as [1.0 minus HR]. Results were expressed in relative values (RV) calculated as US$50,000 or US$100,000 per cost/outcome. RESULTS In patients with mCRPC, generic docetaxel demonstrated the lowest cost/LYG (US$26,330), lowest cost/ PoS (US$21,942), and the highest RV (3.80-4.56). Cost/LYG of sipuleucel-T was US$272,195, with an RV of 0.37. Significant variation between cost/LYG and cost/PoS was noted among drugs with borderline survival and HR. In previously treated patients, the cost/LYG of cabazitaxel was US$207,240; of abiraterone, US$194,087; enzalutamide, US$223,500; and radium-223 dichloride, US$230,000, all with RVs <0.5. CONCLUSIONS A simplified drug model to weigh cost, survival, and HR with imposed limits on cost/outcome was proposed and applied to patients with mCRPC. The results among that patient population suggested that generic docetaxel had the lowest costs, cost/outcome and the highest RV. Sipuleucel-T, abiraterone, enzalutamide, radium-223 dichloride, and cabazitaxel were overpriced for their values. Drugs with RVs of <0.5 should be scrutinized, costs negotiated, or other drugs considered, and those with RVs of <0.25, rejected.
Comparison of Quantitative Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scan Results Using Different Xenon-133 Ventilation Images

Objective: This paper evaluates the influence of the specific 133Xe ventilation images used to calculate differential function in quantitative ventilation-perfusion lung scans. Methods: Whole-lung differentials were determined on 43 133Xe ventilation/99mTc-macroaggregated albumin perfusion studies. Ventilation calculations were performed for the first-breath, up to three equilibrium and the composite of all equilibrium images, and perfusion calculations were performed for the anterior and posterior images and their geometric mean. Differences of ≥5% between comparable images were considered significant. Results: The first-breath ventilation differential differed from at least one equilibrium view in 13 patients (30%) and from the composite of all equilibrium images in seven patients (16%), while the posterior perfusion differential differed from the anterior differential in 15 patients (35%) and from the geometric mean differential in six patients (14%). By comparison, the posterior or geometric mean perfusion differential differed from either the first-breath or composite ventilation differential in 31 patients (72%). Nine patients (21 %) had ventilation/perfusion discrepancies ≥10%, with ventilation differentials more symmetric in seven patients. Conclusion: The choice of 133Xe ventilation image has only a limited effect on differential calculations. Discrepancies are more frequent between ventilation and perfusion differentials, making it important to determine both, particularly in patients with asymmetric lung disease.
Financial Neutrality for Living Organ Donors: Reasoning, Rationale, Definitions, and Implementation Strategies

In the United States, live organ donation can be a costly and burdensome undertaking for donors. While most donation-related medical expenses are covered, many donors still face lost wages, travel expenses, incidentals, and potential for future insurability problems. Despite widespread consensus that live donors (LD) should not be responsible for the costs associated with donation, little has changed to alleviate financial burdens for LDs in the last decade. To achieve this goal, the transplant community must actively pursue strategies and policies to eliminate unreimbursed out-of-pocket costs to LDs. Costs should be more appropriately distributed across all stakeholders; this will also make live donation possible for people who, in the current system, cannot afford to proceed. We propose the goal of LD "financial neutrality," offer an operational definition to include the coverage/reimbursement of all medical, travel, and lodging costs, along with lost wages, related to the act of donating an organ, and guidance for consideration of medical care coverage, and wage and other expense reimbursement. The intent of this report is to provide a foundation to inform discussion within the transplant community and to advance initiatives for policy and resource allocation.
Walter Burton Ford

(1971). Walter Burton Ford. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 10, pp. 1094-1097.
Neurointerventional management of carotid webs associated with recurrent and acute cerebral ischemic syndromes.

BackgroundA carotid web can be defined as an endoluminal shelf-like projection often noted at the origin of the internal carotid artery (ICA) just beyond the bifurcation. Diagnosis of a carotid web as an underlying cause of recurrent ischemic stroke is infrequent and easily misdiagnosed as an atheromatous plaque. Surgery has traditionally been used to resect symptomatic lesions while there is no enough evidence supporting medical therapy as the sole management. To our knowledge there is only one report about carotid artery stenting (CAS) as a definite management of carotid web and no previous reports of acute large-vessel occlusions undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in the setting of carotid web as the etiology.Case reportWe report two cases: The first presented with recurrent ischemic stroke in the same arterial territory and the other with an emergent left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion that underwent endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in which initial computed tomographic angiograms (CTA) su...
Progress and Prospects of Breeding by Gene Design in Rice

Progress in molecular markers,gene engineering and genomics are beneficial to direct selection and crop breeding by design.Breeding by design is a concept that aims to control all allelic variation for all genes of agronomic importance.This concept can be achieved through a combination of precise genetic mapping,high-resolution chromosome haplotyping and extensive phenotyping.Thanks to marker technology and software tools available today,and the fine-mapped/cloned genes in rice and their related GP data bank,this goal can now be achieved.Some related techniques concerning molecular breeding and breeding by gene-design,a highlight of breeding by gene-design and progress in functional research for key genes and their molecular utilization in rice breeding are presented in the paper.In addition,the prospects of rice gene-design breeding are discussed.
Trousseau’s Syndrome Revisited: Tissue Factor-Bearing Microparticles in Pancreatic Cancer.

Thromboembolic disease is a major complication of malignant disease, and pancreatic cancer ranks among the malignancies associated with the highest rates of thrombosis. Using laser injury in a mouse model of thrombosis, we previously demonstrated that tissue factor-bearing microparticles circulating in normal plasma accumulate in the developing thrombus through an interaction mediated by P-selectin and PSGL-1. Microparticle tissue factor contributes significantly to fibrin propagation within the thrombus. Based upon this observation, we evaluated the hypothesis that elevated numbers of tissue factor-bearing microparticles might be one of the causes of cancer-associated thrombosis. Microparticles are cell-derived vesicular structures under 1000 nm in diameter. Since the light scattering methodology used in commercial flow cytometers cannot determine particle size when the diameter of the particle (200–1000 nm) is the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the incident light employed (488 nm), we applied a novel instrumentation to determine the size, size distribution, and concentration of tissue factor-bearing microparticles. An NPE Systems Quanta flow cytometer, using impedance to measure particle size, was extensively modified for this microparticle application. Application of 780 nm fluorescent calibration beads yielded a major population from 740 to 820 nm. Application of 520 nm fluorescent beads yielded a major population from 500 to 540 nm. Using a high affinity antibody to tissue factor, tissue factor-bearing microparticles were measured in platelet-poor plasma derived from normal subjects and subjects with surgically unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Tissue factor bearing microparticles were detected in significantly more subjects with pancreatic cancer (12 of 17, 70%) than healthy individuals in whom tissue factor-bearing microparticles remained below the level of detection in all but a single individual (1 of 11, P=0.005). By comparison, tissue factor-bearing microparticles were not detected in subjects with advanced stage (III or IV) non-small cell lung cancer (N=9). In subjects with advanced pancreatic cancer, the mean concentration of tissue factor bearing microparticles was 444,000 particles/microliter with a mean diameter ranging between 371 nm to 727 nm. The two patients with pancreatic cancer in this study who suffered a recent lower extremity venous thrombosis had high measurable tissue factor-bearing microparticles levels with a mean concentration of 975,000 particles/microliter. These results indicate that tissue factor-bearing microparticles are present in the plasma of many patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and suggest that tissue factor-bearing microparticles may be central to the pathogenesis of cancer-associated thrombosis.
Increased risk of mortality after lower extremity bypass in individuals with acute kidney injury in the Vascular Quality Initiative.

Abstract Objective The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its effect on prognosis after lower extremity bypass (LEB) surgery have not been well described. We determined risk factors associated with AKI in patients undergoing infrainguinal LEB surgery and whether individuals with AKI are at increased risk for cardiovascular events and mortality. Methods Data for 12,907 operations entered in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry from January 2012 through April 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Procedures performed on patients not on dialysis before the surgery with perioperative assessments of renal function were eligible for the study. AKI was defined as a postoperative increase in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dL or new dialysis requirement. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of AKI on the risk of in-hospital cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, or arrhythmias, and mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to determine the risk of long-term mortality (median follow-up of 11.5 months). Results AKI developed after 507 (4%) of the 12,907 operations performed in 11,859 patients. After adjustment for demographic, clinical, and perioperative variables, AKI was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital cardiovascular events (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91-3.28) and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 6.96; 95% CI, 3.94-12.31). Risk of mortality persisted over the course of follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.58-2.47). Conclusions AKI after LEB is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Further study should evaluate whether preoperative interventions before LEB can be effectively applied for at-risk patients to reduce the incidence of AKI and its associated morbidity and mortality.
Enabling a genetically informed approach to cancer medicine: A retrospective evaluation of the impact of comprehensive tumor profiling using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel.

11089 Background: Oncogenic genetic alterations “drive” neoplastic cell proliferation. An increasing number of potentially actionable alterations (PAAs) can be targeted by small molecules and antib...
P-007 Aspects, large vessel occlusion, and time of symptom onset: estimation of eligibility for endovascular therapy

Background and purpose Understanding how many patients are eligible for endovascular therapy can help develop more effective stroke systems of care to improve delivery of endovascular therapy. Methods In this single center retrospective cohort study we identified patients with acute ischemic stroke from LVO from January 2014 to December 2015. Selection criteria including LVO location, ASPECTS range, hospital arrival time and the use of intravenous thrombolysis were applied to calculate proportions of patients eligible for endovascular therapy. Results Of 989 patients with acute ischemic stroke, LVO was identified in 224 (23%) of cases. 84% of patients admitted within 6 hours, 75% of patients admitted within 6–12 hours, and 77% of patients with M1 and ICA occlusions admitted within 12–24 hours had favorable ASPECTS for thrombectomy, defined as ASPECTS≥6. Severity of NIHSS was predictive of favorable ASPECTS (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04–0.74; p=0.014 for NIHSS>10 and OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12–0.80; p=0.014 for NIHSS>20), whereas time of hospital arrival was not (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.76–4.03; p=0.26). When all Class I, Level of Evidence A American Heart Association guidelines criteria were applied, 4% of patients with acute ischemic stroke were eligible for endovascular therapy. Up to 20% of patients were eligible for endovascular therapy when less restrictive criteria from Class IIb; Level of Evidence C were used instead. Conclusions Depending on the sets of selection criteria, between 4% (the most restrictive criteria) and 20% (the least restrictive criteria) of patients with LVO are potentially eligible for endovascular therapy. Disclosures M. Mokin: None. A. Pendurthi: None. V. Ljubimov: None. W. Burgin: None. A. Siddiqui: 1; C; NIH/NINDS/NIBIB, University at Buffalo. 2; C; Codman and Shurtleff, Inc., Concentric Medical, ev3/Covidien Vascular Therapies, GuidePoint Global Consulting, Penumbra, Stryker, Pulsar Vascular, MicroVention, Lazarus Effect, Blockade Medical. 3; C; Codman and Shurtleff, Inc. 4; C; Hotspur, Intratech Medical, StimSox, Valor Medical, Blockade Medical, and Lazarus Effect. 6; C; Abbott Vascular, Codman and Shurtleff, Penumbra Inc. E. Levy: 1; C; Covidien US SWIFT PRIME Trial. 2; C; Pulsar, Medina Medical, Blockade Medical. 4; C; Intratech Medical Ltd., Blockade Medical LLC, Medina Medical. 6; C; Abbott. C. Primiani: None.
The Contribution of Wigmore to the Law of Evidence

O REVIEW Wigmore on Evidence' is a task before which the boldest might hesitate. Here, in ten handsome volumes, is the Anglo-American system of evidence in trials at common law. Its statement is exhaustive, critical and scholarly, supported not only by extensive annotation but by Dean Wigmore's own prestige as the acknowledged master of the field. What can the critic say, except that here is the authoritative text-perhaps the greatest moder legal treatise-bigger and better than ever?2 Two avenues of approach remain open. Any work of this length can be examined section by section and specific points subjected to specific criticism. Or, it can be read as a book-and to judge its design, purpose and the expressed philosophy of its author involves primarily questions of taste. De gustibus non est disputandum, which is to say, there are no subjects for dispute at once so enjoyable and so safe as questions of taste, where one man's opinion may appear as good as another's. Combination of these two critical techniques should give a satisfactory picture, not perhaps of the book, but of the only thing which a review can portray-one reader's reaction. An essential paradox which runs through the ten volumes is illustrated by two quotations. In discussing the present and future of the law the learned author bewails the indifference of judges to judicial science, saying: What they [the judges] respect is mere precedent,-a prior decision, and the latest decision. This respect is, in turn, sensed by the authors. What ought to be a genuine juristic treatise is degraded to a mere collection of precedents,-preceded by sentences beginning "Some courts, indeed hold, etc." and "It has been decided, however, on the contrary, etc." The judges often measure a treatise by its value as a digest. By thus setting a standard of valuation, they disparage the careful, helpful thinker and encourage the mere compiler. The progressive development of the law by analysis and construction is stifled.3
DSM-5 intermittent explosive disorder: Relationship with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.

Abstract Objective This study was designed to estimate how many adults with DSM-5 Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) would also meet diagnostic criteria for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). This was done by examining how many individuals with IED would meet the DMDD criterion of being persistently angry in between impulsive aggressive outbursts. Methods The first one-hundred study participants diagnosed with DSM-5 IED in our clinical research program were included in this study. Two questions were added to the IED module from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID) inquiring about the duration of anger in between impulsive aggressive outbursts in IED study participants. Data regarding aggression, impulsivity, anger expression, and related dysphoric variables were also collected. Results The proportion of time spent as angry in between impulsive aggressive outbursts was 50% time in between outbursts) IED study participants displayed no differences from not-persistently-angry IED study participants in dysphoric and aggression/impulsivity related variables. Conclusions These data indicate that inter-outburst anger in those with IED is relatively brief and that such individuals do not generally display the kind of persistent anger that is a diagnostic feature of DMDD.
Progressive disclosure cases: The design and evaluation of use in multiple therapeutics courses.

Abstract Background and purpose Case-based learning is used frequently throughout pharmacy education. Although beneficial, stand-alone cases may result in segmented learning that does not simulate realistic longitudinal patient care. We report the development, implementation, and evaluation of a longitudinal progressive disclosure case surrounding a single patient spanning two different therapeutics courses. Educational activity and setting A patient case was developed surrounding topics in two third professional year therapeutics courses occurring sequentially in the same semester. Changes to the patient's status were provided to students longitudinally via “disclosures.” Students were assessed via quizzes and written assessment and plans. Students completed four perceptions of confidence surveys via a four-point Likert Scale. Surveys included questions surrounding confidence in areas of the pharmacists’ patient care process (PPCP) before and after courses utilizing the progressive disclosure case. Case assessment grades were used to evaluate the impact on student performance on course examinations. Students also completed a survey on final perceptions of the activity. Findings Seventy students were enrolled in the two courses participating in the progressive disclosure case and there were 50 (71.4%) matched, completed surveys completed for analysis. Significant improvements were seen in several questions surrounding confidence in the areas of the PPCP between the beginning and conclusion of courses that contained the progressive disclosure case. No correlation between case activity grades and examination performance was found. Discussion and conclusion Overall, student confidence in patient care skills associated with information collection, assessment, plan design, and monitoring improved with the use of progressive disclosure cases within two sequential therapeutics courses.
Abstract 2998: Dynamic 3d chromosomal landscapes in acute leukemia

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for approximately 10-15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL cases. Despite improved prognosis driven by the significant advances in the molecular understanding of T-ALL, the outcome of T-ALL patients with primary resistant and relapsed leukemia remains poor. Recent evidences have highlighted a role for changes in 3D chromatin architecture in cancer progression. Herein, for the first time we explored genomewide changes in chromatin organization in primary T-ALL samples relative to T cells from healthy donors. We show how the organization of topologically associated domains (TADs) influences key oncogenic and tumor-suppressive loci by modifying the promoter-enhancer landscape, deregulating the transcriptional program and ultimately causing disease progression. To comprehensively characterize the chromatin landscape of clinically relevant loci in T-ALL, we sought to identify changes in intra-TAD activity and TAD disruptions on a genome-wide scale. We developed and implemented new computational approaches for Hi-C data analysis with a focus on Hi-C data integration with ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq. We found significant correlations of TAD activity with CTCF occupancy, super-enhancer activity and gene expression of leukemia relevant loci. Furthermore, among the dozens of TAD disruptions we identified, we found a novel TAD “fusion” event around the MYC locus, which allows for chromatin interactions between a recently reported Notch-dependent MYC super-enhancer and promoter to drive overexpression of MYC. This particular TAD fusion is accompanied by a complete CTCF loss in the TAD boundary and increased MYC expression in T-ALL samples. Overall, this study sheds new light into how changes in chromatin architecture influence disease progression by restructuring oncogene and tumor suppressor landscapes. Citation Format: Palaniraja Thandapani, Andreas Kloetgen, Charalampos Lazaris, Xufeng Chen, Panagiotis Ntziachristos, Aristotelis Tsirigos, Iannis Aifantis. Dynamic 3d chromosomal landscapes in acute leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2998.
Space-Time Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Advection–Diffusion Equation on Moving and Deforming Meshes

We present the first space-time hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the advection–diffusion equation. Space-time discontinuous Galerkin methods have been proven to be very well suited for moving and deforming meshes which automatically satisfy the so-called Geometric Conservation law, for being able to provide higher-order accurate approximations in both time and space by simply increasing the degree of the polynomials used for the space-time finite elements, and for easily handling space-time adaptivity strategies. The hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods we introduce here add to these advantages their distinctive feature, namely, that the only globally-coupled degrees of freedom are those of the approximate trace of the scalar unknown. This results in a significant reduction of the size of the matrices to be numerically inverted, a more efficient implementation, and even better accuracy. We introduce the method, discuss its implementation and numerically explore its convergence properties.
Early EEG Features for Outcome Prediction After Cardiac Arrest in Children

Purpose:We aimed to determine which early EEG features and feature combinations most accurately predicted short-term neurobehavioral outcomes and survival in children resuscitated after cardiac arrest.Methods:This was a prospective, single-center observational study of infants and children resuscita
Correcting for sparsity and non-independence in glycomic data through a system biology framework

Glycans are fundamental cellular building blocks, involved in many organismal functions. Advances in glycomics are elucidating the roles of glycans, but it remains challenging to properly analyze large glycomics datasets, since the data are sparse (each sample often has a minority of measured glycans) and detected glycans are non-independent, sharing many intermediate biosynthetic steps with other glycans. We address these challenges with GlyCompare, a glycomic data analysis approach that leverages shared biosynthetic pathway intermediates to correct for sparsity and non-independence in glycomics. Specifically, quantities of measured glycan are propagated to intermediate glycan substructures, which enable direct comparison of different glycoprofiles. Using this, we studied diverse N-glycan profiles from glycoengineered erythropoietin. We obtained biologically meaningful clustering of mutant cells and identified knockout-specific effects of fucosyltransferase mutants on tetra-antennary structures. We further analyzed human milk oligosaccharide profiles and identified novel impacts that the mother secretor-status has on fucosylation and sialylation. Our GlyCompare substructure-oriented approach will enable researchers to take full advantage of the growing power and size of glycomics data.
Common Elements of Childhood Universal Mental Health Programming

Despite the availability of multiple mental health prevention and promotion programs for children, challenges related to their dissemination limit their reach and impact. This review identifies the most common practice elements of effective childhood universal mental health programming for children ages 3–11, based on a structured interpretation and coding of program manuals and descriptions in peer-reviewed articles. Across a range of program goals and targeted outcomes, psychoeducation and problem solving emerged as the most common practice elements, followed by social skills training, insight building, and communication skills. These skills were largely taught via role-plays and modeling. Synthesizing what we know from the universal mental health programming literature has potential to facilitate dissemination of information to inform the development, adaptation or adoption of programs for children.