cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
For Distinguished Contributions to Psychophysiology: David Lykken

At the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR), the award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychophysiology was presented to David Lykken. The following is based on the text of the citation given by Don Fowles on behalf of the Society's Awards Committee on September 26, 1998.
Aspects of copulatory behavior preventing atrophy in male rats' reproductive system.

Male rats living in cohabitation with females were shown to have heavier reproductive systems than those living in isolation or in male groups. Three intromissions every 4 days were sufficient to maintain the weight of the secondary sexual glands, while opportunity forejaculation every 4 days was sufficient to maintain the weight of the penis and penis muscles as well. Estrous odors or the opportunity to mount without intromission were shown to be insufficient to prevent atrophy. {Endocrinology 83: 633, 1968)
Size distribution and gelation in condensation polymers with one unsymmetric reactant

Equations are derived which give the molecular weight distribution and the gelation characteristics of a condensation polymer which involves four kinetically different (but otherwise equivalent) polymerization steps in its preparation. Their use is illustrated by application to the system, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and a polymeric primary glycol. Comparison is made with the published expressions for the case of “equal reactivity of all functional groups.”
Emerging Subspecialties in Neurology: Palliative care

As we work to find cures for so many devastating neurologic injuries and diseases, our patients suffer tremendously on a daily basis. Individuals with conditions including stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease (PD), muscular dystrophies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and nervous system malignancies share a host of physical, emotional, and existential symptoms that can be difficult to treat. In addition, patients and their families face the realities of loss of function, loss of ability to communicate, and lifespans limited by the neurologic diagnosis or complications related to it (e.g., dysphagia, immobility, infection). We may not always be able to reverse damage to the nervous system, but we can optimize quality of life for our patients by providing expertise in communicating difficult news, pain and symptom management, and advance planning and end-of-life care.
Cholestyramine Treatment of Chronic Diarrhea Associated with Immune Deficiency Syndrome

A 5-year-old boy with known severe combined immunodeficiency disease presented with chronic diarrhea, malabsorption and retarded growth. Candidaalbicans was found in distal duodenal fluid, and invading the intestinal mucosa. Chronic diarrhea persisted after antimycotic therapy, but responded to treat ment with cholestyramine. Repeated courses of cholestyramine resin over a 6-month period were required for complete resolution of the gastrointestinal symptomatology.
PROTECTION BY ENDOGENOUS ANOXIA AGAINST THE MUTAGENIC AND LETHAL EFFECTS OF X-RAYS IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA

Abstract An adenine-less strain of Neurospora crassa was used in studies of endogenous anoxia as protection against the mutagenic (adenine reverse mutations) and lethal effects of X-rays. Protection was obtained when conidial suspensions in saline or water were incubated in closed tubes at 20° to 30° before irradiation at °. The protective effect of the temperature treatment was cancelled by subsequent oxygen treatment, or prevented by access to air during incubation. Similar protection was obtained by bubbling nitrogen through the suspensions at 0°. The optimal conditions for protection were determined by varying the temperature, time, and conidia concentration during incubation. Using optimal conditions, protection factors in the range 1.6 to 1.9 were found for mutation and lethality effects. Protection against mutation was found only at X-ray doses below 40 kR. From 40 to 50 kR the mutation frequency among survivors was independent of the state of anoxia. At doses exceeding 50 kR, the highest mutation frequency was observed in the anoxic conidia.
Effector Genes of Xanthamonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria Promote Transmission and Enhance Other Fitness Traits in the Field

Establishing durable disease resistance in agricultural crops, where much of the plant defense is provided through effector-R gene interactions, is complicated by the ability of pathogens to overcome R gene resistance by losing the corresponding effector gene. Many proposed methods to maintain disease resistance in the field depend on the idea that effector gene loss results in a fitness cost to the pathogen. In this article we test for fitness costs of effector gene function loss. We created directed knockouts of up to four effector genes from the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (Xav) and examined the effect of the loss of a functional gene product on several important fitness parameters in the field. These traits included transmission, lesion development, and epiphytic survival. We found that the products of all four effector genes had significant and often additive effects on fitness traits. Additional greenhouse tests revealed costs of effector gene loss on in planta growth and further showed that the effects on lesion development were separable from the effects on growth. Observable fitness effects of the three plasmid-borne effector genes were dependent upon the loss of functional avrBs2, indicating that complex functional interactions exist among effector genes with Xav.
Techniques to enhance performance of an existing aviation simulation

Facing a need to run large scenarios on aviation models more quickly than the one to two days currently required, the MITRE Corporation undertook an effort to reduce the execution time of one such simulation. Time and cost constraints prohibited a major rewrite of the almost one million existing lines of code, so only solutions requiring minimal changes to the code base were considered. This paper describes the approaches taken to increase the speed of the original sequential simulation by employing more efficient algorithms and parallel processing technology. Specifically, an implementation of a new technique for parallel proximity detection provided an 80% reduction in the time spent checking for conflicts. In addition, implementation of a thread pool that enables the movement of multiple aircraft in parallel resulted in a 10%-15% reduction in the overall execution time of the simulation. In this paper we report on the design of these techniques and how they were implemented in the simulation.
RR Lyrae Stars in M32: Signatures of an Ancient Population*

We report the discovery of variable stars in the dwarf elliptical galaxy M32 using a series of images obtained with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope. The colors, luminosities, and approximate periods of the majority of these stars indicate that they are RR Lyrae stars. Comparisons with the number of such stars identified in a nearby control field reveals that the majority of these variable stars are M32 members and not contaminants from the bulge, halo, or thick disk of the Andromeda Galaxy, M31. This discovery of RR Lyrae stars in M32 provides strong evidence of the presence of an "ancient" stellar population in this enigmatic galaxy. Although it is not possible with our data to provide a precise age estimate of the population from which the M32 RR Lyrae stars arise, we argue that these stars almost certainly represent a component that is older than 10 Gyr. Due to the sensitivity of the horizontal branch—and therefore the population of the instability strip—to age and metallicity among other parameters, we roughly estimate that this old and metal-poor component represents at least 2.3% of the total stellar population of M32.
Advantages of soft X-ray absorption over TEM-EELS for solid carbon studies––a comparative study on diesel soot with EELS and NEXAFS

Abstract Diesel soot was investigated with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The EELS spectra were obtained in connection with transmission electron microscopy studies, whereas the NEXAFS were obtained from a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) and from a conventional NEXAFS beamline at two synchrotron facilities. The X-ray absorption spectra show molecular species, aliphatics, such as carboxyl, and C–H bonds, which are not visible in EELS spectra of the same material. In particular, EELS fails to detect surface-functional groups, which can be detected with NEXAFS. Since numerous works on molecular carbon structure determined with TEM-EELS have been published, it is possible that these results have to be reassessed.
Virtualizing and sharing reconfigurable resources in High-Performance Reconfigurable Computing systems

High-performance reconfigurable computers (HPRCs) are parallel computers but with added FPGA chips. Examples of such systems are the Cray XT5h and Cray XD1, the SRC-7 and SRC-6, and the SGI Altix/RASC. The execution of parallel applications on HPRCs mainly follows the single-program multiple-data (SPMD) model, which is largely the case in traditional high-performance computers (HPCs). In addition, the prevailing usage of FPGAs in such systems has been as co-processors. The overall system resources, however, are often underutilized because of the asymmetric distribution of the reconfigurable processors relative to the conventional processors. This asymmetry is often a challenge for using the SPMD programming model on these systems. In this work, we propose a resource virtualization solution based on partial run-time reconfiguration (PRTR). This technique will allow sharing the reconfigurable processors among the underutilized processors. We will present our virtualization infrastructure augmented with an analytical investigation. We will verify our proposed concepts with experimental implementations using the Cray XD1 as a testbed. It will be shown that this approach is quite promising and will allow full exploitation of the system resources with fair sharing of the reconfigurable processors among the microprocessors. Our approach is general and can be applied to any of the available HPRC systems.
The Yale human grasping dataset: Grasp, object, and task data in household and machine shop environments

This paper presents a dataset of human grasping behavior in unstructured environments. Wide-angle head-mounted camera video was recorded from two housekeepers and two machinists during their regular work activities, and the grasp types, objects, and tasks were analyzed and coded by study staff. The full dataset contains 27.7 hours of tagged video and represents a wide range of manipulative behaviors spanning much of the typical human hand usage. We provide the original videos, a spreadsheet including the tagged grasp type, object, and task parameters, time information for each successive grasp, and video screenshots for each instance. Example code is provided for MATLAB and R, demonstrating how to load in the dataset and produce simple plots.
New Global Earth Model and Seafloor Gravity Analysis for Offshore Exploration

An improved seafloor gravity analysis for offshore exploration is developed using a new global Earth model (NEWGEM) based on exact solutions of the ellipsoidal layer model of the rotating Earth with local and global corrections. The new analysis is expected to be capable of extracting more reliable in situ mass-density profiles under the seafloor since it uses many available geophysical data, such as sea surface gravity and seismic surveys as well as seafloor gravity and bathymetric surveys.
Using Spectral Decomposition to Detect Dirty Solar Panels and Minimize Impact on Energy Production

Dirt and dust deposits on the surface of a solar panel array obstruct the amount of light that can reach the photovoltaic cells, reducing the amount of electricity produced. Solar panels are cleaned when the energy drop has already occurred and is detected. This work presents an algorithm designed to detect dirty solar panels. It is based on the spectral decomposition of the scattered light reflected off the panels' surface by analyzing color images of the surface obtained using digital cameras. It applies the statistical classification method of Mahalanobis distance to separate images where it detects the excess reflected light, classifying them as having a high probability of representing dirty solar panels. It aims to minimize the loss of energy by warning solar plants operators to clean panels before the energy drop becomes significant.
Hans and Wolfgang Experience American Culture

Two German expatriates are assigned to a newly formed strategic alliance with a company in the United States. They experience difficulty with American culture and the culture of the organization. Although they achieve some success in their assignment, the two men leave the company a year early and return to Germany. The case explores possible areas of conflict between German and American culture.
The equal area zones property

(1993). The Equal Area Zones Property. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 100, No. 5, pp. 475-477.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of the Aqueous HOO– Ion

The properties of the hydroperoxide anion, HOO(-), in water play a key role in many biological systems and industrial processes. However the dynamics of HOO(-) and its solvation shell are largely unknown. We have undertaken an ab initio molecular dynamics study of aqueous HOO(-) at ambient temperature in liquid water. Two solvation structures for the hydroperoxide anion account for 90% or more of the configurations in a 25 ps NVT run at 300 K: these have four hydrogen bond donors to the terminal oxygen atom of HOO(-) and either one or two hydrogen bond donors to its middle oxygen atom. The H of HOO(-) is essentially always a donor in an H-bond to a water molecule. Two structures with three donors to the terminal O and either one or two at the middle O are also important. A set of five NVE runs totaling 74 ps found considerable variability in the proportions of time spent in each type of solvation pattern. Mean lifetimes of these patterns ranged from 54 to 109 fs, after which the complexes were observed to transform into different, sometimes less favorable structures. Analysis of the electronic structure associated with different solvation patterns indicates that a traditional Lewis-type picture of hydrogen bonding at the middle oxygen and non-Lewis behavior at the terminal oxygen coexist in aqueous HOO(-). The non-Lewis character of the terminal oxygen is compared to similar observations of the oxygen in the hydrated hydroxide ion from previous ab initio molecular dynamics of OH(-)(aq).
CFTR in Calu-3 human airway cells: channel properties and role in cAMP-activated Cl- conductance

Calu-3, a cell line derived from a lung adenocarcinoma, forms tight junctions, expresses cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and secretes Cl- in response to adenosine 3',5'-...
The Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase TbGAT is Dispensable for Viability and the Synthesis of Glycerolipids in Trypanosoma brucei.

Glycerolipids are the main constituents of biological membranes in Trypanosoma brucei, which causes sleeping sickness in humans. Importantly, they occur as a structural component of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol lipid anchor of the abundant cell surface glycoproteins procyclin in procyclic forms and variant surface glycoprotein in bloodstream form, that play crucial roles for the development of the parasite in the insect vector and the mammalian host, respectively. The present work reports the characterization of the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase TbGAT that initiates the biosynthesis of ester glycerolipids. TbGAT restored glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity when expressed in a Leishmania major deletion strain lacking this activity and exhibited preference for medium length, unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs. TbGAT localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane with its N-terminal domain facing the cytosol. Despite that a TbGAT null mutant in T. brucei procyclic forms lacked glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity, it remained viable and exhibited similar growth rate as the wild type. TbGAT was dispensable for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and GPI-anchored protein procyclin. However, the null mutant exhibited a slight decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis that was compensated with a modest increase in production of ether phosphatidylcholine. Our data suggest that an alternative initial acyltransferase takes over TbGAT's function in its absence.
Diabetes In Pregnancy

In this chapter, we will review the metabolic changes that occur during normal pregnancies and those affected by diabetes as well as review the risks of maternal obesity and hyperglycemia on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Management of both preexisting and gestational diabetes in pregnancy will be reviewed in detail including up to date medications and diabetes technologies. Postpartum issues including changes in insulin sensitivity, breastfeeding and contraception for women with preexisting diabetes will be discussed, the importance of postpartum glucose screening and lifestyle modifications for women with a history of gestational diabetes will be highlighted. For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG.
Stabilizing electrodeposition in elastic solid electrolytes containing immobilized anions.

Ion transport–driven instabilities in electrodeposition of metals that lead to morphological instabilities and dendrites are receiving renewed attention because mitigation strategies are needed for improving rechargeability and safety of lithium batteries. The growth rate of these morphological instabilities can be slowed by immobilizing a fraction of anions within the electrolyte to reduce the electric field at the metal electrode. We analyze the role of elastic deformation of the solid electrolyte with immobilized anions and present theory combining the roles of separator elasticity and modified transport to evaluate the factors affecting the stability of planar deposition over a wide range of current densities. We find that stable electrodeposition can be easily achieved even at relatively high current densities in electrolytes/separators with moderate polymer-like mechanical moduli, provided a small fraction of anions are immobilized in the separator.
Gastrointestinale Ausscheidung von Harnsäure: Bedeutung des Jejunum

Ein Drittel der im menschlichen Organismus gebildeten Harnsaure (HS) wird durch den Gastrointestinaltrakt ausgeschieden. Dieser zweite Weg entlastet Nieren und Harnwege bei Gicht und anderen Krankheiten mit Uberproduktion von HS und ist von besonderer Bedeutung bei Niereninsuffizienz, wo oft ein erheblich groserer Anteil der HS extrarenal eliminiert wird [1, 2]. Uber die Rolle des Dunndarms bei der gastrointestinalen HS-Ausscheidung gibt es bisher wenige, sich z. T. widersprechende Aussagen. Durch zwei Arbeitsgruppen [3, 4] wurde bei Ratte und Hamster in vitro eine geringgradige Diffusion beobachtet, eine andere Gruppe fand Sekretion ins Lumen [5]. Beim Menschen beobachteten drei Autoren [1, 6, 7] die Ausscheidung kleiner Anteile einer per os gegebenen isotopenmarkierten HS-Dosis in den Urin; die Beimischung markierter Abbauprodukte war nicht ganz auszuschliesen. Ob der menschliche Darm auch HS sezerniert und in welche Richtung die Nettobewegung geht, ist nicht bekannt.
Why Truth-Conditional Semantics in Generative Linguistics is Still the Better Bet

In his “Meaning and Formal Semantics in Generative Grammar” (Erkenntnis 80(1):61–87, 2015), Stephen Schiffer argues that truth-conditional semantics is a poor fit with generative linguistics. In particular, he thinks that it fails to explain speakers’ abilities to understand the sentences of their language. In its place, he recommends his “Best Bet Theory”—a theory which aims to directly explain speakers’ abilities to mean things by their utterances and know what others mean by their utterances. I argue that Schiffer does not provide good reason to prefer the Best Bet Theory over truth-conditional semantics in the context of generative linguistics. First, his negative arguments against the truth-conditional approach are unpersuasive, and second, the Best Bet Theory involves an explanatory circularity which makes it unfit for linguistic theorizing. I conclude that the Best Bet Theory is thus not even a viable competitor to truth-conditional semantics in generative linguistics.
Active Synchronous Detection of Deception Attacks in Microgrid Control Systems

An active synchronous detection method (ASDM) is presented to detect deception attacks on inverter controllers in microgrids without impeding system operations. First, microgrid control center generates specified small probing signals and inject them into controllers. The output signals are then obtained and compared with pre-determined values to locate infracted controller components. Test results show that ASDM can quickly and precisely detect various deception attacks in microgrids.
Polysulfide Anchoring Mechanism Revealed by Atomic Layer Deposition of V2O5 and Sulfur-Filled Carbon Nanotubes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Despite the promise of surface engineering to address the challenge of polysulfide shuttling in sulfur–carbon composite cathodes, melt infiltration techniques limit mechanistic studies correlating engineered surfaces and polysulfide anchoring. Here, we present a controlled experimental demonstration of polysulfide anchoring using vapor phase isothermal processing to fill the interior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) after assembly into binder-free electrodes and atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating of polar V2O5 anchoring layers on the CNT surfaces. The ultrathin submonolayer V2O5 coating on the CNT exterior surface balances the adverse effect of polysulfide shuttling with the necessity for high sulfur utilization due to binding sites near the conductive CNT surface. The sulfur loaded into the CNT interior provides a spatially separated control volume enabling high sulfur loading with direct sulfur-CNT electrical contact for efficient sulfur conversion. By controlling ALD coating thickness, high initial discha...
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in an adolescent with perinatally-acquired HIV infection

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most frequent nontuberculous mycobacteria implicated in opportunistic infections that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. With highly active antiretroviral therapy, disseminated MAC (dMAC) has become a rare entity. This unique case of dMAC was diagnosed in an adolescent with newly diagnosed perinatally- acquired HIV infection whose initial CD4 cell count was severely depleted and viral load was extremely high. While maximized treatment regimen had not been able to control his dMAC, improvement was noted when granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was added. GM-CSF should be considered as an adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory dMAC.
Model Reference Adaptive Control of Thyristor Driven DC Motor Systems Subject to Current Limit a Tions

Abstract Direct model reference output adaptive control procedures, which do not require the existence of model matching conditions, have been applied to the speed control of a thyristor driven DC motor system. Taking into account both current and current rate limitations, the adaptive algorithm was used to generate the set point for a dual mode thyristor current regulator which was also adjusted depending upon whether or not the thyristor circuit was in the continuous or discontinuous conduction mode. Tests with representative variations in inertia and torque load showed the adaptive algorithm to be more robust than a constant model following controller and a conventional PI speed control system.
Theoretical Insights into Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer from a Photoreduced ZnO Nanocrystal to an Organic Radical

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) at metal-oxide nanoparticle interfaces plays a critical role in many photocatalytic reactions and energy conversion processes. Recent experimental studies have shown that photoreduced ZnO nanocrystals react by PCET with organic hydrogen atom acceptors such as the nitroxyl radical TEMPO. Herein, the interfacial PCET rate constant is calculated in the framework of vibronically nonadiabatic PCET theory, which treats the electrons and transferring proton quantum mechanically. The input quantities to the PCET rate constant, including the electronic couplings, are calculated with density functional theory. The computed interfacial PCET rate constant is consistent with the experimentally measured value for this system, providing validation for this PCET theory. In this model, the electron transfers from the conduction band of the ZnO nanocrystal to TEMPO concertedly with proton transfer from a surface oxygen of the ZnO nanocrystal to the oxygen of TEMPO. Moreover, the prot...
Rapid DNA Synthesis During Early Drosophila Embryogenesis Is Sensitive to Maternal Humpty Dumpty Protein Function.

Problems with DNA replication cause cancer and developmental malformations. It is not fully understood how DNA replication is coordinated with development and perturbed in disease. We had previously identified the Drosophila gene humpty dumpty ( hd ), and showed that null alleles cause incomplete DNA replication, tissue undergrowth, and lethality. Animals homozygous for the missense allele, hd 272-9 , were viable, but adult females had impaired amplification of eggshell protein genes in the ovary, resulting in the maternal effects of thin eggshells and embryonic lethality. Here, we show that expression of an hd transgene in somatic cells of the ovary rescues amplification and eggshell synthesis but not embryo viability. The germline of these mothers remain mutant for the hd 272-9 allele, resulting in reduced maternal Hd protein and embryonic arrest during mitosis of the first few S/M nuclear cleavage cycles with chromosome instability and chromosome bridges. Epistasis analysis of hd with the rereplication mutation plutonium indicates that the chromosome bridges of hd embryos are the result of a failed attempt to segregate incompletely replicated sister chromatids. This study reveals that maternally encoded Humpty dumpty protein is essential for DNA replication and genome integrity during the little-understood embryonic S/M cycles. Moreover, the two hd 272-9 maternal-effect phenotypes suggest that ovarian gene amplification and embryonic cleavage are two time periods in development that are particularly sensitive to mild deficits in DNA replication function. This last observation has broader relevance for interpreting why mild mutations in the human ortholog of humpty dumpty and other DNA replication genes cause tissue-specific malformations of microcephalic dwarfisms.
Advising International Students in Engineering Programs: Academic Advisors' Perceptions of Intercultural Communication Competence.

In recent years, an increasing number of international students have enrolled in engineering programs in U.S. colleges and universities. These students often encounter challenges, and academic advisors play a significant role in international students' academic success. Using a model of intercultural communication competence, we explored attitudes toward and understanding of cultural differences among academic advisors in a college of engineering at a 4-year research university. We also investigated advisors' knowledge of and skills in conducting intercultural communication with international students. The findings shed light on advising international students in engineering programs, and we provide recommendations for academic advisors on conducting effective communication with students from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Litter-dwelling Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Ground Spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) of the Ozark Highlands, USA

Each year, temperate deciduous forests produce a layer of litter comprised primarily of leaves. Two common and diverse taxa found in the litter layer are ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). We collected and identified these groups on a monthly basis from April 2014 to March 2015 at 4 sites in Northwest Arkansas to determine their abundance and diversity across the following 3 variables: season, litter depth, and site location. A total of 480 litter samples and 208 pitfall-trap samples were collected and processed. These samples resulted in 645 carabids representing 47 species and 421 gnaphosids representing 15 species. Statistical analyses detected significant differences in species richness, average number of individuals, and species diversity of gnaphosids among sites. In contrast, leaf-litter depth had no significant effect on the number of individuals collected, species richness (except at one site), or species diversity of carabids and gnaphosids. Both carabids and gnaphosids were most abundant and diverse during the spring.
Dormancy-Linked Population Structure of Weedy Rice (Oryza sp.)

Seed dormancy allows weedy rice (Oryza sp.) to persist in rice production systems. Weedy and wild relatives of rice (Oryza sativa L.) exhibit different levels of dormancy, which allows them to escape weed management tactics, increasing the potential for flowering synchronization, and therefore gene flow, between weedy Oryza sp. and cultivated rice. In this study, we determined the genetic diversity and divergence of representative dormant and nondormant weedy Oryza sp. groups from Arkansas. Twenty-five simple sequence repeat markers closely associated with seed dormancy were used. Four populations were included: dormant blackhull, dormant strawhull, nondormant blackhull, and nondormant strawhull. The overall gene diversity was 0.355, indicating considerable genetic variation among populations in these dormancy-related loci. Gene diversity among blackhull populations (0.398) was higher than among strawhull populations (0.245). Higher genetic diversity was also observed within and among dormant populations than in nondormant populations. Cluster analysis of 16 accessions, based on Nei's genetic distance, showed four clusters. Clusters I, III, and IV consisted of only blackhull accessions, whereas Cluster II comprised only strawhull accessions. These four clusters did not separate cleanly into dormant and nondormant populations, indicating that not all markers were tightly linked to dormancy. The strawhull groups were most distant from blackhull weedy Oryza sp. groups. These data indicate complex genetic control of the dormancy trait, as dormant individuals exhibited higher genetic diversity than nondormant individuals. Seed-dormancy trait contributes to population structure of weedy Oryza sp., but this influence is less than that of hull color. Markers unique to the dormant populations are good candidates for follow-up studies on the control of seed dormancy in weedy Oryza sp.
Designing for the Future Factory: Exploring the Co-evolution of Manufacturing Digital Intensity and Personas

Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIOT) is transforming manufacturing operations. Successful adoption of IIOT requires understanding today’s factories, their diverse inhabitants, and the obstacles to further digitization. It also requires anticipating how these conditions and inhabitants will change in the future. As organizations maneuver through this transformation, the narrative often centers on the trope that technology enables and humans hinder. Our work suggests the opposite. Humans will have plenty to do in the future factory and will be critical to transformation success. Further, workers see change as critical for maintaining competitiveness of both themselves personally and their companies. This paper draws from a study of 145 manufacturing workers and leaders from a range of manufacturing settings. It identifies triggers that motivate consideration of smart technologies today, examines participant expectations for the future, and uses personas as a mechanism for examining differences that are likely to influence the design and adoption of these technologies.
Activity of the Human Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Promoter Is Influenced by the Balance between Activation by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 and Repression by Perosixome Proliferator Activated Receptor δ, Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factor, and Apolipoprotein Regulatory Protein-1

We have had a long-standing interest in the regulation of expression of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). This enzyme has the lowest Km for acetaldehyde among many known aldehyde dehydrogenases, and a syndrome of genetic deficiency in ALD(Crabb et al., 1989) is known to markedly impair oxidation of acetaldehyde after consumption of ethanol (Enomoto et al., 1991). This impairment of acetaldehyde disposition is the cause of the Asian alcohol flush reaction and is very strongly protective against the development of alcoholism (Goedde et al., 1983; Harada et al., 1982; Thomas- son et., 1991). We reason that factors that alter the expression of the enzyme might also influence risk of alcoholism and have therefore studied the control of the ALDH2 gene, with particular attention to its expression in liver.
The Neurath-Haller Thesis: Austria and the Rise of Scientific Philosophy

It will be useful to begin by considering that peculiar creature of the North-American university which goes by the name of ‘Continental philosophy’. There are many hundreds of courses with this title taught each year in universities throughout the United States and Canada—a practice that is questionable, to say the least, given that such courses prove on examination to deal not with philosophy on the continent of Europe as a whole, but rather with a highly selective slice of Franco-German philosophy, a slice which sometimes seems to include Heidegger as its sole fixed point Around him is gathered a slowly rotating crew of currently fashionable, primarily French thinkers, each successive generation of which claims itself the ‘end’ of philosophy (or of ‘man’, or of ‘reason’, of ‘the subject’, of ‘identity’) as we know it, and competes with its predecessors in the wildness of the antics with which it sets out to support such claims. The later Husserl, Heidegger’s teacher, is sometimes taken account of in courses of this Continental philosophy; not, however, Husserl’s own teacher Brentano, and not, for example, such important twentieth-century German philosophers as Ernst Cassirer or Nicolai Hartmann. French philosophers working in the tradition of Poincare (or Bergson or Gilson) are similarly ignored, as, of course, are Polish or Scandinavian or Czech philosophers.
Interface Mechanical Properties in Energetic Materials Using Nanoscale Impact Experiment and Nanomechanical Raman Spectroscopy

Energetic materials are sensitive to mechanical shock and defects caused by a high-velocity impact may result in unwanted detonation due to hot-spot formation. In order to understand the underlying mechanism, characterization of high strain-rate mechanical properties needs to be studied. One of the key factors that can contribute to this type of defect is the failure initiated at the interfaces such as those between Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and Cyclo-tetra-methylene-tetra-nitramine (HMX) (or HTPB and Ammonium Perchlorate (AP)). In this work, interface mechanical properties of HTPB-HMX and HTPB-AP interfaces are characterized using nanoscale dynamic impact experiments at strain rates up to 100 s−1. The binding agent was added to the mixture in order to analyze the effect of chemical composition on the interfacial mechanical properties. For HTPB-AP sample, Tepanol is used as the binding agent and for HTPB-HMX sample, Dantocol was used as the binding agent. The impact response is determined in the bulk HTPB, HMX, and AP as well as at the HTPB-HMX and HTPB-AP interfaces. A strain-rate-dependent viscoplastic power law-based constitutive model was obtained by fitting the experimental stress–strain–strain-rate data. The effect of binding agent on interface level failure properties was studied using an in situ nanomechanical Raman spectroscopy (NMRS) setup.
Ciliopathy: Senior-Løken Syndrome.

Senior-Loken syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease with a prevalence of 1:1,000,000. Retinopathy may progress as Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), or sector RP (Figs. 34.1 and 34.2). Onset of photophobia, nystagmus, and hyperopia can occur in the first few years of life or later in childhood. Patients experience nephronophthisis, characterized by cystic kidney disease (medullary cystic kidney disease), reduced concentrating ability, and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, which progresses to end-stage renal disease. Hypertension is common.
Effect of nickel coating on the stress-dependent electric permittivity, piezoelectricity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber, with relevance to stress self-sensing

Abstract This paper unprecedentedly reports the effect of metal (nickel) coating on the stress-dependent electric permittivity, piezoelectricity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber. Both permittivity (2 kHz) and DC conductivity of carbon fiber are increased by nickel coating. For 7-μm diameter carbon fiber, nickel coating (0.25-μm thickness) increases the relative permittivity from 12,200 to 63,200, and decreases the resistivity from 1.5 × 10−5 to 1.5 × 10−7 Ω.m. The relative permittivity of the nickel coating (Rule of Mixtures) is 404,600 - similar to 405,300 for nickel wire (160-μm diameter). The resistivity of the nickel coating (Rule of Mixtures) is 2.0 × 10−8 Ω.m - lower than 8.8 × 10−8 Ω.m for the nickel wire - probably because of the higher degree of preferred crystallographic orientation in the nickel coating. The nickel structure affects the conduction more than polarization. The piezoelectric and piezoresistive effects are diminished by the nickel coating, which governs these effects. The nickel coating changes the stress dependence of the permittivity (for capacitance-based self-sensing) from positive to negative and changes the piezoresistivity (for resistance-based self-sensing) from negative (gage factor −1830) to positive (gage factor +1650). The piezoelectricity of the nickel-coated carbon fiber and nickel wire are similar, but the piezoresistivity is weak for the latter (gage factor +30).
Evaluating Cognition and Performance Through Cognitive Domains

Assessment of people with a neurocognitive disorder is a complicated and interprofessional process. Health professionals lack a common language to describe cognitive deficits limiting interprofessional communication and care planning. This chapter details a unique approach by using the DSM-5’s cognitive domains as a framework for assessment. In addition, performance-based testing and functional observations are emphasized. Functional assessments are an excellent tool to emphasize strengths allowing robust person-centered care.
Comments on ‘Electrochemical transients during the initial moments of anodic oxidation of aluminum’

In this recent paper, Wu and Hebert [1] explore the initial growth of the anodic oxide film on aluminum in sulfuric acid. In the analysis of their data, using diagnostic criteria previously developed by Zhang et al. [2], Wu and Hebert [1] claim to have developed a ‘high field’ model for anodic film growth on aluminum that yields diagnostic criteria that previously were satisfied only by the Point Defect Model [2,3]. If correct, the work of Wu and Hebert [1] would throw the diagnostic criteria into considerable doubt and could even impact the validity of the Point Defect Model itself. I show in this communication that the claims by Wu and Hebert [1] are incorrect and, further, that their work actually supports the validity of the PDM in describing anodic film growth on aluminum.
Formados por el amor. Breve ensayo de espiritualidad cristiana

En un epoca caracterizada por la busqueda de la serenidad y de una vida mas sencilla y authentica, este libro invita a dirigir la mirada hacia lo alto sin descomprometerse de la realidad cotidiana; a ordenar el corazon para que sea capaz de amar en concreto; a formar parte de una comunidad de fe que salvaguarde del individualismo siempre presente y celebre ya aqui la esperanza futura.
Keep Your Cats Indoors: A Reply to Abbate

Abbate (2019) argues that, under certain conditions, cat guardians have a moral duty to allow their feline companions to roam freely outdoors. She contends that outdoor access is crucial to feline flourishing, which means that, in general, to keep cats indoors permanently is to harm them. She grants that, in principle, we could justify preventing cats from roaming based on the fact that some cats kill wildlife. However, she points out that not all cats are guilty of this charge, and she argues that, in any case, cats do not cause more harm to wildlife—and may actually cause less—than those animals would suffer anyway. I criticize both of these replies, arguing that cat guardians have a responsibility not to let their cats harm wildlife; that cat guardians usually do not know whether their cats kill wildlife; and that, on balance, cat caused harms to wildlife may well outweigh the harms that cats suffer when confined.
Detecting stealthy false data injection attacks in the smart grid using ensemble-based machine learning

Abstract Stealthy false data injection attacks target state estimation in energy management systems in smart power grids to adversely affect operations of the power transmission systems. This paper presents a data-driven machine learning based scheme to detect stealthy false data injection attacks on state estimation. The scheme employs ensemble learning, where multiple classifiers are used and decisions by individual classifiers are further classified. Two ensembles are used in this scheme, one uses supervised classifiers while the other uses unsupervised classifiers. The scheme is validated using simulated data on the standard IEEE 14-bus system. Experimental results show that the performance of both supervised individual and ensemble models are comparable. However, for unsupervised models, the ensembles performed better than the individual classifiers.
An analytical electron microscope study of the kinetics

The detection and quantification of the segregation of Bi to grain boundaries in Cu using Analytical Electron Microscopy is demonstrated and the effects of time and temperature are observed. The experimental data are compared with the theoretical prediction of McLean’s segregation isotherm. Special grain boundaries are also considered. The analysis shows that the detection of the variation of segregation with time and temperature as well as grain boundary characteristics is possible using analytical electron microscopy and that the quantification techniques used here agree well with theoretical calculations of the segregant levels.
Low photorespiratory capacity is sufficient to block the induction of high photosynthetic capacity in high light

The induction of high photosynthetic capacity in high light (HL) is a common response among many herbaceous dicot plants, however, the signaling and metabolic networks that control this response remain largely unknown. Here, multiple independent lines of evidence are presented in support of the conclusion that strong photosynthetic capacity acclimation in HL in Arabidopsis thaliana depends on high photorespiratory capacity. Ecotypic variation in the induction of high photosynthetic capacity following a shift to growth in HL was measured across a large Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype panel. Comparative differences in primary nitrogen (N) assimilation, photorespiration, and triose-phosphate utilization pathways during the shift to HL were characterized using metabolomic data collected from a strongly acclimating ecotype and a weakly acclimating ecotype. Informed by the behavior of these ecotypes at the extremes, rates of N assimilation and photorespiration using metabolic indicators for these pathways and enzyme activities for key enzymes in these pathways were measured in the full ecotype panel. N assimilation and photorespiration rates early in the HL shift are shown to positively correlate with the magnitude of induction of photosynthetic capacity later in the HL shift. Weakly acclimating ecotypes and photorespiratory mutants when shifted into HL growth under non-photorespiratory conditions gained the ability to strongly induce high photosynthetic capacity in HL. Thus, a negative photorespiration-dependent signal early in the HL shift appears to block photosynthetic capacity acclimation in ecotypes and mutants with low photorespiratory capacity, whereas ecotypes with high photorespiratory capacity are licensed to increase photosynthetic capacity.
Liaison Theory in Arbitrary Codimension

In this chapter we introduce liaison (or linkage) theory for subschemes of arbitrary codimension in projective space. The largest part of the theory has been developed around the notion of “linking” by complete intersections, but another large part has also been developed around “linking” by Gorenstein ideals. From now on we will refer to these as “complete intersection liaison” and “Gorenstein liaison” respectively, and we will abbreviate them by CI-liaison and G-liaison. The most complete picture (in terms of theory and also applications) has been in the case of codimension two, where we saw in Example 4.1.11 that the Gorenstein ideals are precisely the complete intersections. Even in higher codimension, where much less is known, there is more work in the complete intersection setting than in the more general Gorenstein setting. For this reason, the first version of this book treated only the case of complete intersections. We will still treat the codimension two case in the next chapter.
Stars as Gravitational Lenses

Some fifty-one years ago, Albert Einstein (1936) noted that stars would act as lenses, creating images of distant objects with very great magnification. The focal lengths of such lenses are of the order of hundreds of astronomical units for normal stars. The detailed behavior of such stellar lenses has been described by Liebes (1964) and Eshleman (1979, 1984). Eshleman, in particular, pointed out the possible advantages of such lenses for interstellar communication.
Methods of Examination

In chapter 3, it was noted that addition of nutrients to the contrast medium was abandoned during the second world war. The problems involved in the functional examination were found to be considerably greater than those for the morphological examination. Furthermore, it was recognized that a functional examination must also be evaluated morphologically. It is therefore necessary that the morphological examination of the small intestine first attain a much higher degree of perfection. In the 1960s, only Mattsson et al. [47,153] advocated a return to this method; however, their published photographs of the ileum were very poor.
A tale of Two Hot Spots

I use the two hot spots in 303 to discuss the critical hydrodynamic and particle acceleration assumptions in our standard fluid flow models of extragalactic radio sources.Details of the northern and southern hot spots in 3C33 are completely different despite strong similarities in the large scale structures. I argue that both of the hot spots appear “simple”, i.e., not complicated by wandering beams or external inhomogeneities, and I explore possible reasons for their differences. A key question is whether the relativistic particles and fields originate only within the contact discontinuity, or can be accelerated/compressed behind the bow shock as well. Coupled with this question is our ignorance of which physical parameters or features in the fluid flow correlate with the synchrotron emissivity.