cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated cell type discovery and classification through knowledge transfer

Motivation: Recent advances in mass cytometry allow simultaneous measurements of up to 50 markers at single-cell resolution. However, the high dimensionality of mass cytometry data introduces computational challenges for automated data analysis and hinders translation of new biological understanding into clinical applications. Previous studies have applied machine learning to facilitate processing of mass cytometry data. However, manual inspection is still inevitable and becoming the barrier to reliable large-scale analysis. Results: We present a new algorithm called Automated Cell-type Discovery and Classification (ACDC) that fully automates the classification of canonical cell populations and highlights novel cell types in mass cytometry data. Evaluations on real-world data show ACDC provides accurate and reliable estimations compared to manual gating results. Additionally, ACDC automatically classifies previously ambiguous cell types to facilitate discovery. Our findings suggest that ACDC substantially improves both reliability and interpretability of results obtained from high-dimensional mass cytometry profiling data. Availability and Implementation: A Python package (Python 3) and analysis scripts for reproducing the results are availability on https://bitbucket.org/dudleylab/acdc. Contact: brian.kidd@mssm.edu or joel.dudley@mssm.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An XPS study on the impact of relative humidity on the aging of UO2 powders

Abstract High resolution x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the chemical speciation of high purity uranium dioxide (UO2) powder samples following aging for periods of up to one year under controlled conditions with relative humidity ranging from 34% to 98%. A systematic shift to higher uranium oxidation states, and thus an increase in the mean uranium valence, was found to directly correlate with the dose of water received (i.e. the product of exposure time and relative humidity). Exposure duration was found to have a greater impact on sample aging than relative humidity. The sample aged at 98% relative humidity was found to have unique structural differences for exposure time beyond 180 days when observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Commemorating a difficult disaster: Naturalizing and denaturalizing the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China:

This article addresses a gap in memory studies—memory of disasters—by asking what distinctive features of difficult disasters shape content and form of commemorations. I draw on textual and visual ...
Two Beringian Origins for the Allotetraploid Fern Polystichum braunii (Dryopteridaceae)

Although some polyploids in the genus Polystichum are well studied and have well-resolved evolutionary histories, the origin of the circumboreally distributed allotetraploid Polystichum braunii remains obscure. We use the chloroplast markers rbcL, rps4-trnS, and trnL-F as well as the nuclear markers pgiC and gapCp to demonstrate that P. braunii is a single allotetraploid with a minimum of two origins. The two variants isolated from the nucleus resolve with divergent clades, one eastern Asian and one North American. However, they do not have near allies among morphologically appropriate taxa in our sample; the North American progenitor appears to be extinct. A divergence-time analysis based on the cpDNA markers yielded evidence of an older time of origin for P. braunii than for an array of well-known allotetraploids in the eupolypod ferns. Niche modeling in the light of geological and paleontological evidence leads to the conclusion that the two origins were in Beringia. Since P. braunii is genetically undifferentiated but widely distributed, we argue that it has expanded to its circumboreal range in the recent past, though it has a relatively ancient origin.
Improving predictions of pediatric surgical durations with supervised learning

Effective management of operating room resources relies on accurate predictions of surgical case durations. This prediction problem is known to be particularly difficult in pediatric hospitals due to the extreme variation in pediatric patient populations. We pursue two supervised learning approaches: (1) We directly predict the surgical case durations using features derived from electronic medical records and from hospital operational information. For this regression problem, we propose a novel metric for measuring accuracy of predictions which captures key issues relevant to hospital operations. We evaluate several prediction models; some are automated (they do not require input from surgeons) while others are semi-automated (they do require input from surgeons). We see that many of our automated methods generally outperform currently used algorithms and our semi-automated methods can outperform surgeons by a substantial margin. (2) We consider a classification problem in which each prediction provided by a surgeon is predicted to be correct, an overestimate, or an underestimate. This classification mechanism builds on the metric mentioned above and could potentially be useful for detecting human errors. Both supervised learning approaches give insights into the feature engineering process while creating the basis for decision support tools.
Use of geographical information system data for emergency management points of distribution analysis with POD Locator 2.0

In 2010, the article Location and Analysis of Emergency Management Point of Distributions (PODs) for Hurricane Ike was published in the Journal of Emergency Management. Using a program titled point of distribution locator (POD Locator 1.0), the article reported a 46 percent improvement in positioning PODs over the locations selected by emergency managers during Hurricane Ike in 2008. While the program could produce more effective POD locations for a given situation, a major weakness of the program was the difficulty with which population and location data were manually entered into the program for subsequent analysis. This prevented organizations that could have otherwise benefited from the program from successfully utilizing it without additional training. This research effort focuses on the leveraging of readily available geographic information system (GIS) electronic data to address this problem. Analysis of the difference between the previous manual data entry method and the GIS assisted method was statistically significant.
Cholesterol Changes the Mechanisms of Aβ Peptide Binding to the DMPC Bilayer

Using isobaric–isothermal all-atom replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations, we investigated the equilibrium binding of Aβ10-40 monomers to the zwitterionic dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayer containing cholesterol. Our previous REMD simulations, which studied binding of the same peptide to the cholesterol-free DMPC bilayer, served as a control, against which we measured the impact of cholesterol. Our findings are as follows. First, addition of cholesterol to the DMPC bilayer partially expels the Aβ peptide from the hydrophobic core and promotes its binding to bilayer polar headgroups. Using thermodynamic and energetics analyses, we argued that Aβ partial expulsion is not related to cholesterol-induced changes in lateral pressure within the bilayer but is caused by binding energetics, which favors Aβ binding to the surface of the densely packed cholesterol-rich bilayer. Second, cholesterol has a protective effect on the DMPC bilayer structure against perturbations caused by Aβ bin...
Library acquisitions policies and procedures, second edition

(1985). Library acquisitions policies and procedures, second edition. Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 163-164.
Exploiting the reactivity of actinide fluoride bonds for the synthesis and characterization of a new class of monometallic bis(azide) uranium complexes

Abstract The terminal actinide fluoride bonds in (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 ThF 2 (py) (py = pyridine) and (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 UF 2 (O=PR 3 ) (R = Me, Ph) react with two equivalents of Me 3 SiN 3 in toluene to form the polymeric thorium bis(azide), [(C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Th(N 3 ) 2 ] ∞ , and a new class of monometallic uranium bis(azide) complexes, (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 U(N 3 ) 2 (O=PR 3 ), respectively. Full characterization of the novel complexes (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 ThF 2 (py) and (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 UF 2 (O=PR 3 ) are reported, including the solid-state structures of (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 ThF 2 (py) and (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 U(N 3 ) 2 (O=PPh 3 ). Electronic absorption spectral data are also reported for (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 AnF 2 (py) (An = Th, U) and (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 U(N 3 ) 2 (O=PR 3 ) to confirm metal oxidation state and enable elucidation of the fluoride and azide ligand bonding in these complexes.
Making it up as we go: A conceptual model of improvisation in organizations

This paper focuses on individuals' improvisation in organizations. The extant literature in this area examines improvisation as either a predictor or an outcome variable. However, there is still considerable confusion about the essence of improvisation and its individual-level determinants. To address these deficiencies, we discuss the differences between improvisation, creativity, and intuition, integrating insights and theories from those fields. Then, we propose a comprehensive model describing a process that includes contextual and individual level variables, which leads to improvisation. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our model and suggest avenues for future research.
Working with the ‘gated’: A case study of ABC Open’s blend of reciprocal journalism and ‘collegial gatekeeping’:

This case study of Australian participatory-journalism project ABC Open analyzes the role of professional staff in the gatekeeping of user-generated content. Informed by the concept of ‘reciprocal ...
1019 Injury severity, return to work, and disability in occupational injury- does community health play a role?

Introduction Workers’ compensation data provide a source of information on occupational injuries and their burden on workers and the workplace. Many factors may influence ultimate outcome of the claim and disability status, including those external from the workplace. Occupational injury outcomes may be influenced by the health of communities in which employees live. We explored an exciting injury surveillance and analysis technique by coupling geographical information systems (GIS), workers’ compensation data, and community health assessment data to determine novel risk factors for occupational injury outcomes. Methods Injured employee addresses from workers’ compensation data were geocoded using Esri Street Map. Geographic masking maintained individual-level confidentiality. Community health assessment categories included: health opportunities, healthy living, chronic disease/conditions, infectious disease, and injury and violence. We calculated rates and comparative risk of severity and disability duration of workers’ compensation claims based on community health assessment status. Using a negative binomial model, we estimated rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as a function of claim rate. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed differences in duration of disability based on community health assessment status and estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Multiple categories of assessed community health indicators affected risk of severity, claim duration, and disability for occupational injury. Discussion This innovative way of combining and visualising data may identify risk factors for occupational injury that may be spatially or community-based. The health of one’s community may play a role in both personal and occupational health. A holistic, total worker view should be considered for prevention of disability in workers’ compensation claims.
Investigating the application of deep learning for electromagnetic simulation prediction

Applications seeking to exploit electromagnetic scattering characteristics of an imaging or detection problem typically require a large number of electromagnetic simulations. Because these simulations are often computationally intensive, valuable resources are required to perform the simulations in an efficient and timely manner, which is not always freely available or accessible. In this work, we investigate the utility of deep learning for electromagnetic simulation prediction. Specifically, we explore using artificial neural networks to learn the connection between a generic object and its resulting bistatic radar cross section, thereby removing the need to repeatedly perform timely simulations. Such a system would be trained in an offline setting and consequently enable rapid bistatic radar cross section predictions for new objects in the future. While deep learning can be seen as a computationally expensive technique, this cost is only experienced during the training of the system and not subsequently in the acquisition of results. The goal of this work is to learn the applicability of deep learning for electromagnetic simulation prediction as well as its potential limitations. Several simple objects are investigated and a thorough statistical analysis will be used to assess the performance of our proposed method.
Large-Scale and Long-Term Volcanism on Oceanic Lithosphere

Abstract Volcanism within oceanic plate tectonic boundaries is expansive and complex. This so-called intraplate volcanism is expansive both in scale and across the geological record. It ranges from seamounts not taller than a few hundred meters to 5-km high shield volcanoes covering surface areas equivalent to the state of New Mexico in the United States. In the oceans, intraplate volcanism spans the last 200 million years of geological history. Intraplate volcanism is complex because of internal magmatic processes making up the volcanic structures and its interplay with plate tectonics and deep Earth mantle geodynamics. Scientific drilling is a crucial tool in gaining an understanding of intraplate volcanism and its complex evolution. In this chapter, we will review what we have learned from scientific ocean drilling into oceanic plateaus (Expedition 324, Shatsky Rise) and hotspot seamount trails (Expedition 330, Louisville Seamounts) on the oceanic portions of Earth's tectonic plates during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program.
Magnetic resonance identification of the ventricular tachycardia critical isthmus: finding the needle in the haystack.

Significant strides have been made in development of catheter-based therapeutics for cure of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Notable initial milestones included the first intracardiac recordings made by Hecht ([1][1]), and demonstration of catheter-based cardiac stimulation by Furman and Robinson
Adaptation of perturbation to postural control in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Loss of sensation in the feet due to diabetic peripheral neuropathy can cause deterioration of postural control and result in higher risk of trips, slips or falls. In the literature, many studies have reported that people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy tend to show greater displacement of body sway than normal people when the base of support is disrupted. But not much is known about postural characteristics of diabetics with peripheral neuropathy at the moment of postural stability disruptions and during the time span for recovering stability. The objective of this study was to analyze differences of postural characteristics between diabetics with peripheral neuropathy and diabetics without peripheral neuropathy. A learning effect of perturbation was found for the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group in the posterior direction of perturbation during the first phase, which may indicate that it could be possible to design a postural control program for those people.
The Impact of Different Postgraduate Year Training in Neurosurgery Residency on 30-Day Postoperative Outcomes

Background Previous studies have failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences in postsurgical outcomes between operative cases featuring resident participation compared to attending only; however, the effects of level of postgraduate year (PGY) training have not been explored. Objective To correlate different PGYs in neurosurgery with 30-d postoperative outcomes. Methods Using National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2005-2014, adult neurosurgical cases were divided into subspecialties: spine, open-vascular, cranial, and functional in teaching institutions. Comparison groups: cases involving junior residents (PGY 1-PGY 3), mid-level residents (PGY 4 + PGY 5), and senior residents (PGY 6 + PGY 7). Primary outcome measures included any wound disruption (surgical site infections and/or wound dehiscence), Clavien-Dindo grade IV (life-threatening) complications, and death. Results Compared to junior residents (n = 3729) and mid-level residents (n = 2779), senior residents (n = 3692) operated on patients with a greater comorbidity burden, as reflected by higher American Society of Anesthesiology classifications and decreased level of functional status. Cases with senior resident participation experienced the highest percentages of postoperative wound complications (P = .005), Clavien-Dindo grade IV complications (P = .001), and death (P = .035). However, following multivariable regression, level of residency training in neurosurgery did not predict any of the 3 primary outcome measures. Compared to spinal cases, cranial cases predicted a higher incidence of life-threatening complications (odds ratio 1.84, P Conclusion Cases in the senior resident cohort were more technically challenging and exhibited a higher comorbidity burden preoperatively; however, level of neurosurgical training did not predict any wound disruption, life-threatening complications, or death. Residents still provide safe and effective assistance to attending neurosurgeons.
Broadening the denotational semantics of linear logic

Abstract The proof-theoretic origins and specialized models of linear logic make it primarily operational in orientation. In contrast first-order logic treats the operational and denotational aspects of general mathematics quite evenhandedly. Here we show that linear logic has models of even broader denotational scope than those of first order logic, namely Chu spaces, the category of which Barr has observed to form a model of linear logic. We have previously argued that every category of n-ary relational structures embeds fully and concretely in the category of Chu spaces over 2n. The main contributions of this paper are improvements to that argument, and an embedding of every small category in the category of Chu spaces via a symmetric variant of the Yoneda embedding.
FEMORAL NERVE BLOCK VERSUS ADDUCTOR CANAL BLOCK FOR ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION IN PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT PATIENTS

BackgroundAdductor canal block (ACB) is an alternative method to femoral nerve block (FNB) for post-operative analgesia for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in pediatric and adolesc...
A physically based constitutive model for dynamic strain aging in Inconel 718 alloy at a wide range of temperatures and strain rates

Dynamic strain aging has a huge effect on the microstructural mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 high-performance alloy when activated. In a number of experimental researches, significant additional hardening due to the dynamic strain aging phenomenon was reported. A constitutive model without considering dynamic strain aging is insufficient to accurately predict the material behavior. In this paper, a new constitutive model for Inconel 718 high-performance alloy is proposed to capture the additional hardening, which is caused by dynamic strain aging, by means of the Weibull distribution probability density function. The derivation of the proposed constitutive relation for the dynamic strain aging-induced flow stress, the athermal flow stress and the thermal flow stress is physically motivated. The developed model is applied to Inconel 718 high-performance alloy to demonstrate its ability to capture the dynamic strain aging behavior, which was observed in the literature across a wide range of temperatures (300–1200 K) and strain rates from quasi-static loading (0.001/s) to dynamic loading (1100/s).
MiR-205 Dysregulations in Breast Cancer: The Complexity and Opportunities.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that downregulate target gene expression by imperfect base-pairing with the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of target gene mRNAs. MiRNAs play important roles in regulating cancer cell proliferation, stemness maintenance, tumorigenesis, cancer metastasis, and cancer therapeutic resistance. While studies have shown that dysregulation of miRNA-205-5p (miR-205) expression is controversial in different types of human cancers, it is generally observed that miR-205-5p expression level is downregulated in breast cancer and that miR-205-5p exhibits a tumor suppressive function in breast cancer. This review focuses on the role of miR-205-5p dysregulation in different subtypes of breast cancer, with discussions on the effects of miR-205-5p on breast cancer cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, stemness and therapy-resistance, as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate miR-205-5p expression in breast cancer. In addition, the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of miR-205-5p in breast cancer is also discussed. A comprehensive list of validated miR-205-5p direct targets is presented. It is concluded that miR-205-5p is an important tumor suppressive miRNA capable of inhibiting the growth and metastasis of human breast cancer, especially triple negative breast cancer. MiR-205-5p might be both a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for metastatic breast cancer.
Revision Sistemática y Metaanálisis de Técnicas que Previenen el Dolor Lumbar

espanolEste trabajo es un comentario del articulo: Steffens D, Maher CG, Pereira LSM, et al. Pre-vention of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(2):199–208. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7431. EnglishThis text is a commentary on the article: Steffens D, Maher CG, Pereira LSM, et al. Pre-vention of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(2):199–208. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7431.
Petrologic evolution of CM chondrites: The difficulty of discriminating between nebular and parent-body effects

We wish to draw attention to a major controversy that has arisen in the area of CM-chondrite petrology. The problem is important because its resolution will have profound implications for ideas concerning nebular dynamics, gas-solid interactions in the nebula, and accretionary processes in the nebula, among other issues. On the one hand, cogent arguments have been presented that 'accretionary dust mantles,' were formed in the solar nebula prior to accretion of the CM parent asteroid(s). On the other hand, no-less-powerful arguments have been advanced that a significant fraction of the CM lithology is secondary, produced by aqueous alteration in the near-surface regions of an asteroid-sized object. Because most, if not all, CM chondrites are breccias, these two views could coexist harmoniously, were it not for the fact that some of the coarse-grained lithologies surrounded by 'accretion dust mantles' are themselves of apparently secondary origin. Such an observation must clearly force a reassessment of one or both of the present schools of thought. Our objective here is to stimulate such a reassessment. Four possible resolutions of this conflict may be postulated. First, perhaps nature found a way of permitting such secondary alteration to take place in the nebula. Second, maybe dust mantles could form in a regolith, rather than a nebular, environment. Third, it is possible that dust mantles around secondary lithologies are different from those around primary lithologies. Finally, perhaps formation of CM chondrites involved a more complex sequence of events than visualized so far, so that some apparently 'primary' processes postdated certain 'secondary' processes.
Classifying Virtual Property in Community Property Regimes: Are My Facebook Friends Considered Earnings, Profits, Increases in Value, or Goodwill?

Virtual property, or that property which exists only in the intangible world of cyberspace, is of growing importance. Millions of people use some form of virtual property every day, be it an e-mail account, a blog, or a Facebook profile. Billions of dollars are spent to acquire property in the virtual world. And the economic and social impact of virtual property is only likely to increase at light year speed. As the importance of virtual property continues to rise, laws pertaining to virtual property must similarly develop. Among the emerging legal issues yet unaddressed by scholarship or jurisprudence is how community property regimes will respond to virtual community (or separate) property. Because the acquisition of virtual property such as websites, domain names, e-mail accounts, and even Facebook pages, create a property interest, in the nine community property states, community property laws impact what rights spouses have in such property. Thus, spouses are on the brink of litigating issues such as whether a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is community or separate property, whether a website generates an increase in separate property, whether e-mail contacts are profits, and whether Facebook friends create goodwill. Community property jurisdictions must be prepared to quickly adapt to the reality of virtual property if the regimes wish to avoid being left in the wake of cyberspace. To aid courts in their impending task of considering virtual property in a community setting, this Article examines how different forms of virtual property should be classified in community property regimes. After explaining the classification scheme within community property jurisdictions, the Article details examples of virtual property likely to be present in modern couples’ lives, and considers how the identified examples of virtual property should be classified.
Dynamic aqueous transformations of lithium cobalt oxide nanoparticle induce distinct oxidative stress responses of B. subtilis

Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), an example of nanoscale transition metal oxide and a widely commercialized cathode material in lithium ion batteries, has been shown to induce oxidative stress and generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in model organisms. In this study, we aimed to understand the time-dependent roles of abiotic ROS generation and Co ions released in aqueous medium by LiCoO2 NPs, and examined the induced biological responses in model bacterium, B. subtilis upon exposure. We found that the redox-active LiCoO2 NPs produced abiotic ROS primarily through H2O2 generation when freshly suspended. Subsequently, the freshly-suspended LiCoO2 NPs induced additional DNA breakage, and changes in expression of oxidative stress genes in B. subtilis that could not be accounted for by the released Co ions alone. Notably, in 48 hour old LiCoO2 suspensions, H2O2 generation subsided while higher concentrations of Co ions were released. The biological responses in DNA damage and gene expression to the aged LiCoO2 NPs recapitulated those induced by the released Co ions. Our results demonstrated oxidative stress mechanisms for bacteria exposed to LiCoO2 NPs were mediated by the generation of distinct biotic and abiotic ROS species, which depended on the aqueous transformation state of the NPs. This study revealed the interdependent and dynamic nature of NP transformation and their biological consequences where the state of NPs resulted in distinct NP-specific mechanisms of oxidative injury. Our work highlights the need to capture the dynamic transformation of NPs that may activate the multiple routes of oxidative stress responses in cells.
Socially Aware Multimodal Deep Neural Networks for Fake News Classification

The importance of fake news detection and classification on Online Social Networks (OSN) has recently increased and drawn attention. Training machine learning models for this task requires different types of attributes or modalities for the target OSN. Existing methods mainly rely on social media text, which carries rich semantic information and can roughly explain the discrepancy between normal and multiple fake news types. However, the structural characteristics of OSNs are overlooked. This paper aims to exploit such structural characteristics and further boost the fake news classification performance on OSN. Using deep neural networks, we build a novel multimodal classifier that incorporates relaying features, textual features, and network feature concatenated with each other in a late fusion manner. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our socially aware architecture outperforms existing models on fake news classification.
Randall-Sundrum I cosmology as brane dynamics in an AdS-Schwarzschild bulk

We explore various facets of the cosmology of the Randall-Sundrum scenario with two branes by considering the dynamics of the branes moving in a bulk AdS/Schwarzschild geometry. This approach allows us both to understand in more detail and from a different perspective the role of the stabilization of the hierarchy in the brane cosmology, as well as to extend to the situation where the metric contains a horizon. In particular, we explicitly determine how the Goldberger-Wise stabilization mechanism perturbs the background bulk geometry to produce a realistic cosmology.
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and breastfeeding: a systematic review

Objective The postnatal period represents a critical phase for mothers because of physiological hormonal changes, the increase of emotional reactions and a greater susceptibility for the onset/recrudescence of psychiatric disorders. Despite the evidence of an increasing utilization of antidepressant drugs during breastfeeding, there is still few reliable information on the neonatal safety of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) [serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs)] in nursing mothers. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review on the neonatal safety profile of these drugs during breastfeeding, also assessing the limits of available tools. Methods MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched without any language restrictions by using the following set of keywords: ((SSRIs OR selective serotonin inhibitor reuptake OR SNRIs OR selective serotonin noradrenaline inhibitor reuptake) AND (breastfeeding OR lactation OR breast milk)). A separate search was also performed for each SSRIs (paroxetine, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram and escitalopram) and SNRIs (venlafaxine and duloxetine). Results Sertraline and paroxetine show a better neonatal safety profile during breastfeeding as compared with other SRIs. Less data are available for fluvoxamine, escitalopram and duloxetine. Few studies followed up infants breastfeed for assessing the neurodevelopmental outcomes. Conclusions Literature review clearly indicates paroxetine and sertraline as the drugs that should be preferred as first line choice in nursing women who need an antidepressant treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of Early Mortality in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy Placement: The Mayo Clinic Experience (P2.075)

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients who are at high-risk of post-operative complications or early mortality following elective enteral feeding tube placement. BACKGROUND:ALS patients commonly develop oropharyngeal weakness requiring enteral feeding tube placement to ensure safe and adequate nutrition. These patients frequently are malnourished and have weakness of respiratory muscles, which may contribute to post-operative complications. DESIGN/METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of ALS patients from 2003 to 2013. Cases were evaluated for multiple pre-operative factors, including age, months from symptom onset, requirement for pre-operative non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), dysarthria, dysphagia, use of riluzole or medications for secretion control, and presence of facial or neck weakness. Outcomes included unplanned post-operative hospitalization or complications within 60 days including sepsis, respiratory failure, aspiration, refeeding syndrome, enrollment in hospice, or death. RESULTS: We identified 2853 ALS patients, of whom 146 (aged 65.1 ±11.4 years) underwent elective endoscopic feeding tube (gastrostomy or jejunostomy) placement. Independent predictors of early mortality included non-ambulatory status (53.3% vs 21.1%; p=0.01), hospitalization prior to tube placement (62.5% vs 11.4%; p=<0.01), lack of riluzole use (100% vs 61%; p=0.001), need for feeding tube earlier in the disease course (15.1 vs 24.6 months from symptom onset; p=0.003) and pre-operative endotracheal airway (18.8% vs 3.3%; p=0.03). Non-ambulatory status (53.8% vs 21.1%; p=0.02) and early feeding tube placement (16.1 vs 24 months from symptoms onset; p=0.04) were associated with early transition to hospice care after feeding tube placement. CONCLUSIONS: ALS patients were more likely to pursue hospice care and experience early mortality if they required feeding tube placement early in their disease course. This may indicate a subset of patients with more aggressive disease. Lack of riluzole and non-ambulatory status were also predictors of early mortality and should be considered prior to feeding tube placement. Study Supported by: Not Applicable Disclosure: Dr. Braksick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jones has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mandrekar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hocker has nothing to disclose.
Disulfated oligosaccharides derived from tracheobronchial mucous glycoproteins of a patient suffering from cystic fibrosis.

Abstract Twenty novel disulfated oligosaccharides were purified in nanomolar quantities from tracheobronchial mucous glycoproteins from a patient with cystic fibrosis via cleavage by alkaline borohydride treatment, followed by anion-exchange chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition to positive ion fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS), proposed structures for the resulting purified disulfated oligosaccharides were also based on carbohydrate permethylation analyses, periodate oxidation, complete sequential exoglycosidase digestion, and parallel analysis of desulfated products. Sulfate esters were found to reside on C-3 or C-6 of terminal d -galactose and on C-6 of internal d -galactose or 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -glucose residues. For this group of oligosaccharides, ranging in size from tri- to undeca-saccharides and possessing linear, di- and tri-antennary forms, it was also observed that sulfate esters could be located on the same or on different branches and that branched oligosaccharides can possess sulfate esters on C-3 and C-6 of different terminal galactose residues within the same structure.
LES study of turbulent flows with submerged vegetation

Fully developed turbulent flows with a submerged vegetation are investigated using Large Eddy Simulation (LES), with a focus on understanding the role of the coherent structures on the momentum transfer across the water-plant interface. The LES model results compare reasonably well with laboratory measurements reported in the literature. As with Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes models, LES models effectively simulate the effects of submerged vegetation on the mean flow field, but they also account for the anisotropy of the Reynolds stresses due to the vegetation layer, and resolve coherent structures observed in the instantaneous flow field. Comparisons with fully developed flows in unobstructed (non-vegetated) channels are made to show how the vegetation significantly changes the mean flow, Reynolds shear stress, turbulence intensities, turbulence event frequencies and the energy budget within and above the vegetation layer. LES provides direct visual evidence that coherent structures, namely spanwise vor...
Insulin signaling is required for insulin's direct and indirect action on hepatic glucose production

We and others have suggested that insulin predominantly acts indirectly to inhibit hepatic glucose production (HGP) via suppression of gluconeogenic precursors, FFAs, and glucagon. To test that hypothesis, we performed high-dose hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps using [3-(3)H]-glucose in liver-specific insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mice, LIRKO mice treated with streptozotocin (LIRKO+STZ), and controls. In LIRKO mice, fasted glucose was normal, but insulin levels were elevated tenfold. STZ treatment reduced insulinemia by 60% with resulting hyperglycemia. Interestingly, basal HGP was similar in all three groups. During the clamp, HGP was suppressed by 82 +/- 17% in controls, but was not suppressed in either LIRKO or LIRKO+STZ mice. Glucose infusion and utilization were impaired ( approximately 50%) in LIRKO and LIRKO+STZ mice versus controls. Insulin suppressed FFAs similarly in all groups ( approximately 46%). Glucagon was not significantly suppressed during the clamp. Thus, in LIRKO mice, (a) high-dose insulin fails to suppress HGP indicating that both direct and indirect effects of insulin require an intact insulin-signaling pathway in the liver; (b) primary hepatic insulin resistance leads to hyperinsulinemia and secondary extrahepatic insulin resistance; and (c) lowering insulin levels with STZ tended to improve extrahepatic insulin sensitivity but failed to reveal the previously postulated indirect role of insulin in suppressing HGP.
Plant-wide optimal waste management

Abstract Synthesis of optimal waste treatment policies on a plant wide level is a formidable challenge due to (i) the knowledge necessary to do selection of treatment steps and (ii) the combinatorial complexity of the resulting problem space. This paper presents a hybrid methodology for an automatic synthesis of feasible alternatives, the superstructure generation, followed by rigorous combinatorial optimization. In step one, evaluation of waste properties against regulatory limits as well as a relaxed set of technology selection criteria gives rise to a tree of feasible treatment options. In step two, rigorous integer programming techniques expose optimal waste management policies with best trade-off between different levels of environmental, ecological and logistic constraints. Results of the application of the methodology onto a case study from the pharmaceutical industry are discussed. These figures demonstrate clearly the huge degree of flexibility that can be obtained by systematic waste management using computerized methods.
A theory of roll coating of viscous and viscoelastic fluids

A theory for roll coating of a fluid onto a moving sheet is developed utilizing the usual “lubrication approximations.” The effects of fluid and operating parameters on coating thickness and pressure distribution are determined for a Newtonian fluid, and for a purely viscous non-Newtonian fluid obeying the Power Law. The results for these cases are obtained analytically, and are rather straightforward. A viscoelastic fluid is considered, of a type which shows typical non-Newtonian shear behavior observed in polymer melts and solutions and which also exhibits normal stress behavior. Analytical solutions are not possible, but a perturbation method, using a viscoelastic perturbation parameter related to a Deborah number, yields an approximate solution. Only terms to first order in the perturbation parameter are given. Subject to that degree of approximation, the following conclusions are drawn: 1 Non-Newtonian shear behavior reduces the pressure distribution, and increases the coating thickness. 1 Elasticity of the type usually observed in polymer solutions makes only a minor contribution to the roll-separating (load-carrying) force. The contribution is positive, but smaller than the corresponding negative contribution due to the non-Newtonian shear effects. 1 An increase in load-carrying capacity would require a different viscoelastic fluid than the type considered here—one that is essentially Newtonian in shear but, independently, capable of developing significant normal stresses.
MM90: a scalable parallel implementation of the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)

This paper describes MM90, a parallel regional weather model based on the Penn State/NCAR MM5. Parallelization of finite differencing, horizontal interpolation, and nesting on distributed-memory (message passing) computers is handled transparently using the RSL library package. Fortran90 modules, derived data types, dynamic memory allocation, pointers, and recursion are used, making the code modular, flexible, extensible, and run-time configurable. The model can dynamically sense and correct load imbalances. The paper provides performance, scaling, and load-balancing data collected on the IBM SP2 computers at Argonne National Laboratory and NASA Ames Laboratory. Future work will address the impact of parallel modifications on existing modeling software; an approach using commercially available source translation software is described.
Rotary pursuit tracking following mental rehearsal as a function of voluntary control of visual imagery.

Studies have shown that mental rehearsal can facilitate the learning of a motor skill (e.g., Rawlings, et al., 1972) . Richardson (1969) claimed that imagery capacity was an important factor in predicting improvement in motor performance following mental re. hearsal. T o study further the effects of visual-imagery ability on performance of a motor task following mental rehearsal, 47 female college students were given concentrated physical pracdce in rotary pursuit tracking on a Marietta rotor ( 6 0 rpm, 50-sec. work, 10-sec. rest). The pre-rest practice lasted 5 min. followed by a 10-min, rest and 5 min. of ost resc practice. During the 10-min. rest, 35 Ss mentally rehearsed the tracking task E r ; min. ar either the beginning, middle or end of the rest interval. Twelve Ss performed an irrelevant task during the rest period. The major dependent variables were reminiscence and performance decrement which, as Amrnons ( 195 1 ) suggested, are likely ro be reduced by mental rehearsal. Thus, it was predicted that 5s with greater efficiency in visual imagery would have lower reminiscence and performance decrement. Reminiscence scores were obtained by subtracting the total time on target of the last prerest trial from the total time on target of the first posrrest trial (17 5s with controllable imagery 6.86 ? 2.54, 18 5s with autonomous imagery 10.05 ? 4.19, 12 conr~ols 11.12 +5.57). Performance decrement scores were obtained by subtracting total ume on target of the first postrest trial from the total time on target of the last postrest trial (17 Ss with controllable imagery .69 & 5.42, 18 Ss with autonomous imagery 3 2 2 3.21, 12 controls -4.12 2 6.57). Efficiency of visual imagery of the 35 Ss who mentally rehearsed was measured by the revised Gordon Test of Visual Imagery Control (Richardson, 1969) . The 17 Ss who scored above the median on this test were designated Controllable Visual Imagery Ss and the 18 who scored below, as Autonomous Visual Imagery Ss. Analyses of variance indicated that high scorers had significantly lower reminiscence than low scorers ( f i < ,001). There was no difference, however, on performance decrement for the groups. Time of mental rehearsal during the resc did not affect the two performance varrables. $-rest comparisons of the control group (N = 1 2 ) with the controllable imagcry and autonomous imagery groups, respectively, showed that only the former was s ~ g n ~ f ~ c a n t l y lower on reminiscence (c = 2.67, p < .02 for 27 df) and performance decrement ( t = 2.08, f i < .O5 for 27 df). Results confirm that visual imagery control is an essential ingredient in the effecrive mental rehearsal of a motor skill. Greater inhibition built u p during mental rehearsal is a plausible explanation of depressed reminiscence for Ss with control over imagery. Motivational factors may affect performance decrement; however, more research is required to clarify this phenomenon.
An efficient optimal leaf ordering for hierarchical clustering in microarray gene expression data analysis

The objective of This work is to derive an efficient and optimal ordering method for genes produced by binary hierarchical clustering. The proposed method examines all possible 2/sup n-1/ orderings in O(n/sup 2/) time complexity. Compared to the previously proposed methods, our proposed solution is efficient and optimal.
A Survey of solution techniques for the partially observed Markov decision process

We survey several computational procedures for the partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) that have been developed since the Monahan survey was published in 1982. The POMDP generalizes the standard, completely observed Markov decision process by permitting the possibility that state observations may be noise-corrupted and/or costly. Several computational procedures presented are convergence accelerating variants of, or approximations to, the Smallwood-Sondik algorithm. Finite-memory suboptimal design results are reported, and new research directions involving heuristic search are discussed.
Locked Nucleic Acid-Modified Antisense miR-10b Oligonucleotides Form Stable Duplexes on Gold Nanoparticles

The interaction of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified antisense miR-10b oligonucleotides and its complementary DNA (cDNA) analog is studied using gold nanoparticles. We demonstrate that LNA shows a slower hybridization rate with complementary DNA molecules, however improves the melting temperature (∼15 °C) and duplex stability significantly. The dramatic difference in melting temperatures between the LNA–cDNA and DNA–cDNA duplexes is examined through the change in aggregation of gold nanoparticles by monitoring the absorbance values at 525, 570, and 600 nm. Furthermore, the difference in melting temperatures enables us to control gold nanoparticle assembly/disassembly with free DNA/LNA oligonucleotides at various temperatures. This heat-induced rearrangement of gold nanoparticles and oligonucleotides is monitored by naked eye and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Owing to the remarkable duplex stability with complementary oligonucleotides, LNA not only plays an important role in medicine but also is a significant tool in biomaterials science.
Fabrication of fine-scale 1-3 Pb(Zrx,Ti1-x)O3/ ceramic/polymer composites using a modified lost mold method

The processing of piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramic fiber/polymer composites via a modified lost mold process is discussed. In the lost mold process, plastic molds, which are negatives of the desired ceramic structure, are created. Each mold is filled with a slurry containing fine Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 powders. After drying, the mold is burned out under controlled atmosphere, and the ceramic is sintered. The sintered ceramic structure is backfilled with polymer, polished, electroded and poled. In the modified lost mold process, several different sacrificial mold were investigated. One type of mold was plastic or wax sheets with precisely punched holes. A second was hollow polyester fibers. The modified mold forming procedure allows rapid prototyping of composites with a variety of connectivities, as well as novel spatial scale and periodicity. Composites with a ceramic fiber as fine as 50 micrometers in 1-3 connectivity have been demonstrated. A variety of rod shapes, including triangles, hexagons, and diamonds have also been demonstrated. Electromechanical characteristics of a number of composites were determined, and will be reported. The modified lost mold process can be used to form fine-scale, large area piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites for use in hydrophones, transducers for medical ultrasonic imaging and non-destructive evaluation, and as sensors and actuators in vibration and noise control.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.