cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of pervasive computing based high-secure smart home system

In recent year, the home environment has seen a rapid introduction of wireless communication network enabled advance computing technologies. In this paper I mainly focus on the monitoring of smart home remotely and providing security when user is away from the home. The proposed security algorithm is combining of Biometrics, public key encryption and SMS based security alarm system. In the proposed security algorithm offered only Authenticate person monitoring home appliances via wireless networks. In the proposed pervasive monitoring system it provides security against intrusion as well as it automates various home appliances using SMS. Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4 based Sensor Network, GSM and Wi-Fi wireless networks are embedded through a standard Home gateway. This home gateway controls the overall wireless communication of smart home systems. The pervasive computing environment created by the smart Sensors, wireless networks and context-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Each smart Sensor node should have multipath routing protocol to automatically establish the wireless networks between Smart Nodes. To develop a new on-demand context-aware routing protocol for the smart home system, here this paper introduces the pervasive computing based smart home monitoring system's design that provides secure smart services to users, and demonstrates its implementation using a real time environment.
Comparison of clustering approaches for reliability simulation of a wind farm

There exists a certain level of correlation between wind speed and load. This paper uses clustering algorithms to consider these two correlated variables. Eight different approaches are presented, applied to a wind farm, and finally, compared using reliability analysis. As a system simulation methodology, Monte Carlo is used for reliability analysis and estimation. This paper suggests using the efficient clustering approach in a wind farm to compute a reliability index.
Quinolines block every step of malaria heme crystal growth.

Malaria is a lethal zoonotic disease that has impacted human survival and indeed, the history of human civilizations worldwide. The first effective treatment for malaria was reported in 1632 with the use of quinine extracts from the bark of the cinchona tree. Since that time, quinoline compounds have been used as both prophylactic and therapeutic drugs in every type of malarial treatment. Almost 400 y later, the molecular mechanism of quinoline action is brought into focus by Olafson et al. in their study of the step inhibition of heme crystal growth (1). To put the significance of their findings into perspective, identification of hemozoin was integral to the 1880 malaria diagnosis by Laveran (2). Sometimes referred to as malaria pigment, this crystalline heme is synthesized by parasites intracellularly and was identified as a recognizable black round body with thin filaments on the periphery from exflagellation of the gametocytes in unstained human erythrocytes (2). Ronald Ross also found malarial pigment outside the Anopheles stomach to implicate the mosquito as the vector (3). In 1911, Brown (4) stated that hematin was a component of hemozoin, distinct from melanin. He also postulated malaria pigment was an impure byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. For the next 80 y, malariologists neglected hemozoin study until Slater and Cerami proved that hemozoin was pure heme by elemental analysis (5) and, importantly, that quinolines inhibited hemozoin growth (6). Decades … [↵][1]1Email: dsulliv7{at}jhmi.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Complete Genome Sequence of Vibrio gazogenes ATCC 43942.

ABSTRACT Vibrio gazogenes ATCC 43942 has the potential to synthesize a plethora of metabolites which are of clinical and agricultural significance in response to environmental triggers. The complete genomic sequence of Vibrio gazogenes ATCC 43942 is reported herein, contributing to the knowledge base of strains in the Vibrio genus.
A Self-Aware Machine Platform in Manufacturing Shop Floor Utilizing MTConnect Data

We propose a framework of self-aware machines based on data collected using the MTConnect protocol. Beyond exist- ing applications of OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) reporting, the proposed framework integrates multiple sources of information for work-piece and machine condition monitoring, and equipment time to failure prediction in manufacturing processes, and provides feedback to shop supervisor. Firstly, we propose a method to predict component wear and failure based on operational data. ICP (Interactive Closest Point) algorithm is used to find the best matching tool path given a certain tool number to identify similar machining pro- cesses. The result of ICP tool path matching, together with other parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and tool number, are used to adaptively cluster the machining pro- cesses. For each process cluster, a particle filter based prognostic algorithm is used to predict tool wear and/or spindle bearing failure. Secondly, we propose to use anomaly detection methods to detect changes in normal behavior of the machines. Various machine learning algorithms are utilized to detect anomalies based on real-time data, and a voting mechanism is used to decide when to trigger an alarm. Thirdly, the axes traverse is aggregated to provide a measure of the wear on various axes in the machine, which is correlated to errors in position comparing to the commanded positions and nominal tool paths. Spindle load verse rotating speed is also examined to facilitate shop floor scheduling to avoid damage caused by unintentionally excessive machine usage. The proposed framework has been demonstrated using published data from two Mazak machine tools.
Adjunct Targeted Biologic Inhibition Agents to Treat Aggressive Multivessel Intraluminal Pediatric Pulmonary Vein Stenosis.

Objective To evaluate the use of imatinib mesylate with or without bevacizumab targeting neoproliferative myofibroblast-like cells with tyrosine kinase receptor expression, as adjuncts to modern interventional therapies for the treatment of multivessel intraluminal pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS). We describe the 48- and 72-week outcomes among patients receiving imatinib mesylate with or without bevacizumab for multivessel intraluminal PVS. Study design This single-arm, prospective, open-label US Food and Drug Administration approved trial enrolled patients with ≥2 affected pulmonary veins after surgical or catheter-based relief of obstruction between March 2009 and December 2014. Drug therapy was discontinued at 48 weeks, or after 24 weeks of stabilization, whichever occurred later. Results Among 48 enrolled patients, 5 had isolated PVS, 26 congenital heart disease, 5 lung disease, and 12 both. After the 72-week follow-up, 16 patients had stabilized, 27 had recurred locally without stabilization, and 5 had progressed. Stabilization was associated with the absence of lung disease (P = .03), a higher percentage of eligible drug doses received (P = .03), and was not associated with age, diagnosis, disease laterality, or number of veins involved. Survival to 72 weeks was 77% (37 of 48). Adverse events were common (n = 1489 total), but only 16 were definitely related to drug treatment, none of which were serious. Conclusion Survival to 72 weeks was 77% in a referral population with multivessel intraluminal PVS undergoing multimodal treatment, including antiproliferative tyrosine kinase blockade. Toxicity specific to tyrosine kinase blockade was minimal.
The Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised (FSSC-HI): Ethnocultural Variations in Children’s Fearfulness

A revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children was used to examine the structure and developmental pattern of fearfulness in an ethnoculturally diverse sample of 385 Hawaii schoolchildren aged 7 to 16 years. The instrument's psychometric properties compared favorably with previous versions of the FSSC, and a 7-factor solution provided the best conceptual fit for the data. Six factors were similar to those described in previous versions of the FSSC, whereas the seventh was unique, reflecting children's social conformity fears. Between-group comparisons revealed significantly less fearfulness in children of Caucasian than of Asian, Filipino, and Hawaiian ethnocultural backgrounds. Gender and age differences were similar to previous reports in finding greater fearfulness in girl than boys, and in younger than older children on most factors. Results corroborate previous reports concerning gender and age trajectories of fearfulness and indicate that culture may mediate the expression of fears in culturally diverse populations.
Reduction of pig agonistic behavior by androstenone.

One hundred twenty-four prepuberal crossbred pigs were used in a series of behavioral bioassays to determine the minimum dose of androstenone (5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one) that would reduce the level of agonistic behavior among dyads of newly regrouped pigs. Randomly selected females and castrated males were used in 21-h videotaped observation periods. In Exp. 1, isopropyl alcohol was tested against no aerosol to determine if the vehicle (isopropyl alcohol) influenced agonistic behavior. Level of submissive and aggressive behaviors were similar (P greater than .10) between treatments. In Exp. 2, vehicle or androstenone in vehicle was sprayed on the snout and head of both pigs at the start of the encounter. Four bioassays were performed with four levels (.05, .5, 5 and 50 micrograms/pig) of androstenone dissolved in isopropyl alcohol. Sprayed isopropyl alcohol served as a control. At concentrations of .5 and 5 micrograms/pig, androstenone reduced aggressive behavior (P less than .05). Androstenone had no consistent effect on submissive behavior. In Exp. 3, androstenone was sprayed on pigs at the start of the encounter and again at 30, 60 and 90 min after pairs of pigs were mixed. Repeated application of this androgen resulted in levels of agonistic behavior similar to those recorded when nothing was applied (P greater than .10). A single application of as little as .5 micrograms androstenone per pig reduced aggressive behavior among prepuberal pigs and, therefore, may be a way of reducing fighting among newly regrouped prepuberal pigs.
The NIST Atomic Structure Databases

The NIST atomic structure databases are reviewed, with special emphasis on the comprehensive Atomic Spectra Database (ASD). Most of the data critically compiled at NIST over the last 35 years are included in this large database. The main features of the World Wide Web based database are discussed in some detail, and an outlook on future expansions and updates is provided.
Experimental results on the application of satisfiability algorithms to scheduling problems

Considerable progress has been made in recent years in understanding and solving propositional satisfiability problems. Much of this work has been based on experiments on randomly generated 3SAT problems. One generally accepted shortcoming of this work is that it is not clear how the results and algorithms developed will carry over to "real" constraint-satisfaction problems. This paper reports on a series of experiments applying satisfiability algorithms to scheduling problems. We have found that scheduling problems bear fairly little resemblance to the previously studied hard randomly generated 3SAT problems. In particular, scheduling problems tend to be quite large but under-constrained, Further, forward checking (e.g., unit propagation) seems to be much more important on these problems than on hard random 3SAT problems. We have also found that the domain-specific heuristics developed to solve scheduling problems make surprisingly little difference in the time required to solve the problems. We suggest that the best algorithms for this problem class will probably be hill-climbing algorithms that incorporate some sort of forward checking.
Management Strategies in Opioid Abuse and Sexual Dysfunction: A Review of Opioid-Induced Androgen Deficiency

Abstract Introduction Over the last several decades, the opioid epidemic has become a national crisis, largely spurred by the spike in the use of prescription painkillers. With the epidemic came a concomitant rise in the incidence of opioid-induced androgen deficiency (OPIAD). Although OPIAD can significantly impact male sexual function and quality of life, it is an overlooked and poorly understood clinical entity that requires more attention from healthcare providers. Aim The objectives of the current review are to highlight the increasing incidence of OPIAD and the importance of an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to identify and treat patients with the condition. Methods This review presents the epidemiology surrounding the current opioid epidemic, with a focus on its origin, followed by a literature review surrounding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of OPIAD. Main Outcome Measure Single-center studies were used to determine the safety and efficacy of various opioid and testosterone formulations on analgesia, sexual function, and quality of life. Results There should be a low threshold for obtaining laboratory studies (testosterone, luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) on symptomatic patients who have a history of chronic opioid use. Treatment options include opioid cessation, short-acting opioids, and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). The patient and physician should weigh the risks and benefits of TRT against more conservative approaches. Options such as clomiphene and anastrozole are available for patients who wish to preserve fertility. Conclusion Because OPIAD is an underappreciated and underdiagnosed consequence of chronic opioid abuse, healthcare providers should be particularly vigilant for signs of hypogonadism in this patient population. It is reasonable for pain specialists, urologists, and primary care physicians to closely monitor patients on prescription opioids and discuss available options for treatment of hypogonadism. Hsieh A, DiGiorgio L, Fakunle M, et al. Management strategies in opioid abuse and sexual dysfunction: A review of opioid-induced androgen deficiency. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:618–623.
Internal instabilities in magnetized jets

We carry out an extensive linear stability analysis of magnetized cylindrical jets in a global framework. Foregoing the commonly invoked force-free limit, we focus on the small-scale, internal instabilities triggered in regions of the jet dominated by a toroidal magnetic field, with a weak vertical field and finite thermal pressure gradient. Such regions are likely to occur far from the jet source and boundaries, and are potential sites of magnetic energy dissipation that is essential to explain the particle acceleration and radiation observed from astrophysical jets. We validate the local stability analysis of Begelman by verifying that the eigenfunctions of the most unstable modes are radially localized. This finding allows us to propose a generic stability criterion in the presence of a weak vertical field. A stronger vertical field with a radial gradient complicates the stability criterion, due to the competition between the destabilizing thermal pressure gradient and stabilizing magnetic pressure gradients. Nevertheless, we argue that the jet interiors generically should be subject to rapidly growing, small-scale instabilities, capable of producing current sheets that lead to dissipation. We identify some new instabilities, not predicted by the local analysis, which are sensitive to the background radial profiles but have smaller growth rates than the local instabilities, and discuss the relevance of our work to the findings of recent numerical jet simulations.
Keys to the Gate? Equal Sign Knowledge at Second Grade Predicts Fourth-Grade Algebra Competence.

Algebraic competence is a major determinant of college access and career prospects, and equal sign knowledge is taken to be foundational to algebra knowledge. However, few studies have documented a causal effect of early equal sign knowledge on later algebra skill. This study assessed whether second-grade students' equal sign knowledge prospectively predicts their fourth-grade algebra knowledge, when controlling for demographic and individual difference factors. Children (N = 177; Mage = 7.61) were assessed on a battery of tests in Grade 2 and on algebraic knowledge in Grade 4. Second-grade equal sign knowledge was a powerful predictor of these algebraic skills. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of foregrounding equal sign knowledge to promote effective pedagogy and educational equity.
Angular range, sampling and noise considerations for inverse light scattering analysis of nuclear morphology.

In recent years, significant work has been devoted to the use of angle-resolved elastic scattering for the extraction of nuclear morphology in tissue. By treating the nucleus as a Mie scattering object, techniques such as angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) have demonstrated substantial success in identifying nuclear alterations associated with dysplasia. Because optical biopsies are inherently noninvasive, only a small, discretized portion of the 4π scattering field can be collected from tissue, limiting the amount of information available for diagnostic purposes. In this work, we comprehensively characterize the diagnostic impact of variations in angular sampling, range, and noise for inverse light scattering analysis of nuclear morphology, using a previously reported dataset from 40 patients undergoing a/LCI optical biopsy for cervical dysplasia. The results from this analysis are applied to a benchtop scanning a/LCI system which compromises angular range for wide-area scanning capability. This work will inform the design of next-generation optical biopsy probes by directing optical design towards parameters which offer the most diagnostic utility.
Mitigation of the self-force effect in unstructured PIC codes using generalized moving least squares

Abstract Electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) methods use point clouds to represent a collection of charged particles and a mesh to compute the electric field generated by these particles. Such methods involve a data transfer of charge from the point cloud to the mesh and another transfer of the electric field from the mesh to the point cloud. The approximation errors introduced during these data transfers manifest as an artificial self-force acting on particles, causing a loss of momentum conservation. There exist PIC schemes on uniform Cartesian grids that provably avoid this effect. However, these schemes rely on a translation invariance property of a discrete Green’s function and cannot be extended to arbitrary unstructured grids. We present a new meshless data transfer approach that uses generalized moving least squares (GMLS) to reconstruct the electric field at particles from local mesh data on non-uniform meshes. The approach enriches the GMLS approximation space with singular functions to recover the singularity introduced at particles. This reduces the strength of the self-force by several orders of magnitude. We present results reconstructing both from linear finite elements and from Raviart–Thomas elements, demonstrating that the approach is generally applicable to PIC codes having degrees of freedom of arbitrary type.
Research Interests Narrative

The Research Interests Narrative essay is assigned at the beginning of the semester, along with the Discipline Awareness Project, and is usually due by Week 4, providing the foundation for the major research project in the class, a literature review. The paper evolves from class discussions of assigned readings*, small group work with students of related majors, and in-class writing, all of which encourage students to reflect on experiences that have shaped their current academic or professional interests and to identify questions that have motivated and guided them, including one that they would like to pursue for their literature review. This assignment is suitable for all versions of English 302, but may be particularly meaningful to 302M students, who often lack significant research experience in their major or have some ambivalence about their major. It is designed to help students identify a research topic that truly interests them early in the semester so that they are engaged and invested in the work required for their major research assignments. It supports the core English 302 SaS learning outcome: “Articulate and refine a question, problem, or challenge.” Included files: Research Interests Narrative essay assignment (KingAssignment), Instructor’s Notes, including suggestions for assigned readings (KingInstructorsNotes), a handout guiding students through consideration of the assigned readings (KingActivity1), and a prompt for the in-class writing exercise (KingActivity2).
Expert consensus on growth and development curricula for predoctoral and advanced education orthodontic programs

Dental students and orthodontic residents must demonstrate competence in various areas prior to graduation. However, the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) definition of competence is broad. The aims of this study were to obtain expert consensus on Growth and Development topics and subtopics in predoctoral and advanced education programs in orthodontics and to determine the level of cognition on the subtopics necessary to demonstrate learner competence. A modified Delphi method with a consensus threshold of 70% was used. In Round One, academic orthodontists who met the expert panel inclusion criteria were surveyed to determine whether a topic was necessary to the curricula. Round Two identified the subtopics under each topic and the level of cognition necessary to demonstrate learner competence using Bloom's taxonomy, which defines the ascending levels of remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create. Round Three involved analyses and interpretation of Round Two results. The academic orthodontists determined that six topics (n=24) and 29 subtopics (n=15) were necessary for Growth and Development curricula. For all subtopics, they determined the mean level of cognition for predoctoral education was understand; for advanced education, it was analyze. This consensus on Growth and Development curricular content suggests that these levels are necessary for a beginning dentist and a beginning orthodontist to be deemed competent. Findings from this study can serve to guide curricular development and instruction by using the identified learning objectives to build instructional and assessment measures.
Linear Chaos in a Tape Recorder

A mathematical model of an analog tape recorder is developed and shown to exhibit linear chaos. The playback dynamics act as a wave and are modeled by a linear partial differential equation with a simple analytic solution. This linear dynamical system is shown to exhibit three properties commonly used to define chaotic dynamics: the solution set is dense with periodic orbits, contains transitive orbits, and exhibits extreme sensitivity to initial conditions. Thus, a tape recorder provides a common physical example of linear chaos.
Advanced spatial knowledge of target location eliminates age-related differences in early sensorimotor learning

Motor learning has been shown to decline in healthy aging, particularly in the early stages of acquisition. There is now ample evidence that motor learning relies on multiple interacting learning processes that operate on different timescales, but the specific cognitive mechanisms that contribute to motor learning remain unclear. Working memory resources appear to be particularly important during the early stages of motor learning, and declines in early motor learning have been associated with working memory performance in older adults. We examined whether age differences in the early stages of motor learning could be reduced or eliminated by reducing the spatial working memory demands during a force-field adaptation task. Groups of younger and older adults made center-out reaching movements to spatial targets either in a repeating four-element sequence, or in a random order. Participants also performed a battery of cognitive tests to further investigate the potential involvement of associative memory, spatial working memory, and procedural learning mechanisms in the early stage of motor learning. Although all groups adapted their movements equally well by the end of the learning phase, older adults only adapted as quickly as younger adults in the sequence condition, with the older adults in the random group exhibiting slower learning in the earliest stage of motor learning. Across all participants, early motor learning performance was correlated with recognition memory performance on an associative memory test. Within the younger random group, who were able to adapt as quickly as the sequence groups, early motor learning performance was also correlated with performance on a test of procedural learning. These findings suggest that age differences in early stages of motor learning can be eliminated if the spatial working memory demands involved in a motor learning task are limited. Moreover, the results suggest that multiple cognitive resources may be utilized during the early stage of learning, and younger adults may be more flexible than older adults in the recruitment of additional cognitive resources to support learning when spatial working memory demands are high.
The Conditional Probability Interpretation of Time: The Case of Interacting Clocks

This chapter generalizes the conditional probability interpretation of time in which time evolution is realized through entanglement between a clock and a system of interest. This formalism is based upon conditioning a solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation on a subsystem of the Universe, serving as a clock, being in a state corresponding to a time t. Doing so assigns a conditional state to the rest of the Universe |ψS(t)〉, referred to as the system. It is shown that when the total Hamiltonian appearing in the Wheeler-DeWitt equation contains an interaction term coupling the clock and system, the conditional state |ψS(t)〉 satisfies a time-nonlocal Schrodinger equation in which the system Hamiltonian is replaced with a self-adjoint integral operator.
Influence of Organic Amendments on the Accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr from Contaminated Soil by Three Grass Species

Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), johnson grass (Sorghum halpense) and switchgrass (Panicum virginatum) werecompared for their ability to accumulate 137Csand 90Sr from three different contaminated soilsin the presence and absence of either sphagnum peator poultry litter amendments. Above-ground plantbiomass did not differ between plants that were notexposed to these radionuclides and those that wereexposed to soil containing 137Cs or 90Sr.After three harvests, bahia, johnson and switchgrassplants accumulated from 17.2 to 67.3% of the137Cs and from 25.1 to 61.7% of the 90Sradded to the soil. Poultry litter and peat mossamendments increased aboveground plant biomass,activity of 137Cs or 90Sr in plant tissue, %accumulation of 137Cs or 90Sr from soil andthe plant bioconcentration ratio at each harvestcompared to the control (no amendment) treatment. Thegreatest increases in plant biomass, and radionuclideaccumulation were observed with poultry litter foreach of the three grass species. Johnson grass hadgreater aboveground plant biomass, activity of137Cs and 90Sr in plant tissue, %accumulation of 137Cs or 90Sr from soil andbioconcentration ratio in each soil amendment, at eachharvest compared to bahia and switchgrass. Thegreatest accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr wasmeasured in johnson grass grown in soil that wasamended with poultry litter. These results suggestthat plant species selection and agronomic practicesmay need to be considered to maximize phytoremediationof radionuclide contaminated soils.
Metastable III/V Materials for Semiconductor Lasers

Metastable materials that lie within the miscibility gaps of their equilibrium phase diagrams, as well as the development of lattice-parameter-engineered virtual substrates, offer means to greatly expand the material platforms available for semiconductor lasers to enable higher performance and an increased span of emission wavelengths.
Reduced-space Gaussian Process Regression for data-driven probabilistic forecast of chaotic dynamical systems

Abstract We formulate a reduced-order strategy for efficiently forecasting complex high-dimensional dynamical systems entirely based on data streams. The first step of our method involves reconstructing the dynamics in a reduced-order subspace of choice using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). GPR simultaneously allows for reconstruction of the vector field and more importantly, estimation of local uncertainty. The latter is due to (i) local interpolation error and (ii) truncation of the high-dimensional phase space. This uncertainty component can be analytically quantified in terms of the GPR hyperparameters. In the second step we formulate stochastic models that explicitly take into account the reconstructed dynamics and their uncertainty. For regions of the attractor which are not sufficiently sampled for our GPR framework to be effective, an adaptive blended scheme is formulated to enforce correct statistical steady state properties, matching those of the real data. We examine the effectiveness of the proposed method to complex systems including the Lorenz 96, the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky, as well as a prototype climate model. We also study the performance of the proposed approach as the intrinsic dimensionality of the system attractor increases in highly turbulent regimes.
Cultural Considerations in the Context of Romantic Relationships

It is estimated that about one-third of couples experience distress or discord at some point in the course of their relationship. The early literature of marriage and committed relationships focused nearly exclusively on White, heterosexual, non-Hispanic couples, but over the past couple of decades, there has been increased focus on the dynamics and specific needs of couples from different ethnic backgrounds as well as same-sex couples. In this chapter, we summarize some of the major challenges and threats to relationship well-being for African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, Native American, and same-sex couples. Some of the challenges discussed in this chapter include racism and discrimination, financial strain and work stress, acculturation, and negative historical or societal influences. We also have tried to highlight important areas of strength for couples that therapists can help clients enhance, including religiosity and spirituality and support from family or friends.
Documenting Adaptive Literacy Instruction: The Adaptive Teaching Observation Protocol (ATOP)

A one-size-fits-all model of instruction cannot provide equitable access to education for all students. Research demonstrates that thoughtfully changing instruction to support student learning duri...
Public/private partnerships, at what price?

From a scientific viewpoint, Huizenga and colleagues are completely right to endorse ‘disruption’ by public-private partnerships as a way to ‘accelerate innovation and enable translation of the rapidly expanding cellular and molecular understanding of disease pathogenesis into the development of new therapeutic agents’.1 However, one of their examples (monoclonal antibodies leading to the development of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment) highlights an aspect they did not discuss: …
A Case Report of Rapidly Lethal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Viral Pneumonia

As of April 2020, the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 210,000 deaths globally. The most common cause of death from COVID-19 is acute respiratory failure. We report the case of a 78-year-old female with a history of hypertension, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and sarcoidosis, who presented to the emergency department with one day of dyspnea. The patient experienced a rapid decline in respiratory function and was intubated in the intensive care unit (ICU), meeting the Berlin criteria for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Chest radiography revealed diffuse bilateral coalescent opacities, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA swab test was positive for COVID-19. The patient experienced acute kidney injury with uptrending creatinine levels and remained lethargic and unresponsive throughout her ICU stay, suggestive of potential hypoxic brain injury. In light of the patient's poor clinical status, age, and significant comorbidities, prognosis was conveyed about medical futility and patient's family agreed to terminal extubation and the patient expired peacefully, exactly one week from hospital admission. This case report highlights the speed at which severe ARDS can present and contribute to end-organ dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.
Combining Ancient DNA and Radiocarbon Dating Data to Increase Chronological Precision

This paper examines how ancient DNA data can enhance radiocarbon dating. Because there is a limit to the number of years that can separate the dates of death of related individuals, the ability to identify first-, second-, and third-degree relatives through aDNA analysis can serve as a constraint on radiocarbon date range estimates. To determine the number of years that can separate related individuals, we modeled maximums derived from biological extremes of human reproduction and death ages and compiled data from historic and genealogical death records. We used these estimates to evaluate the date ranges of a global dataset of individuals that have been radiocarbon dated and for which ancient DNA analysis identified at least one relative. We found that many of these individuals could have their date ranges reduced by building in date of death separation constraints. We examined possible reasons for date discrepancies of related individuals, such as dating of different skeletal elements or wiggles in the radiocarbon curve. Our research demonstrates that when combined, radiocarbon dating and ancient DNA analysis can provide a refined and richer view of the past.
Sex differences in the acute effects of oral and vaporized cannabis among healthy adults

Policy changes have increased access to cannabis for individuals with little or no prior exposure. Few studies have examined sex differences in cannabis effects among individuals with sporadic cannabis use or for nonsmoked routes of cannabis administration. Data from four double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were pooled to compare the acute pharmacodynamic effects of vaporized and oral cannabis in male (n = 27) and female (n = 23) participants who used cannabis infrequently (no use ≥30 days prior to randomization). Analyses compared peak change-from-baseline scores between male and female participants for subjective drug effects, cognitive/psychomotor performance, cardiovascular effects, and blood concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its primary metabolites (11-OH-THC, THC-COOH) after exposure to placebo cannabis or cannabis containing low-dose (5 or 10 mg) or high-dose THC (20 or 25 mg). Overall, cannabis elicited dose-orderly increases in subjective effects, impairment of cognitive/psychomotor performance, heart rate, and blood cannabinoid concentrations. Females exhibited greater peak blood 11-OH-THC concentrations and reported greater peak subjective ratings of "drug effect" that remained when controlling for body weight. When controlling for both body weight and peak blood cannabinoid concentrations, ratings of "anxious/nervous," "heart racing," and "restless" were significantly higher for females than males. Although additional research is needed to elucidate sex differences in responses to cannabis at a wider range of THC doses, other routes of administration, and products with diverse chemical composition, the current data indicate that public health messaging and clinical decision making around the use of cannabinoids should recommend lower starting doses for females and warnings about acute anxiogenic reactions.
Cosmological constraints from higher redshift gamma-ray burst, H ii starburst galaxy, and quasar (and other) data

We use higher-redshift gamma-ray burst (GRB), HII starburst galaxy (HIIG), and quasar angular size (QSO-AS) measurements to constrain six spatially flat and non-flat cosmological models. These three sets of cosmological constraints are mutually consistent. Cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of these data sets are largely consistent with currently-accelerating cosmological expansion as well as with cosmological constraints derived from a combined analysis of Hubble parameter ($H(z)$) and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO, with Planck-determined baryonic matter density) measurements. A joint analysis of the $H(z)$ + BAO + QSO-AS + HIIG + GRB data provides fairly model-independent determinations of the non-relativistic matter density parameter $\Omega_{\rm m_0}=0.313\pm0.013$ and the Hubble constant $H_0=69.3\pm1.2\ \rm{km \ s^{-1} \ Mpc^{-1}}$. These data are consistent with the dark energy being a cosmological constant and with spatial hypersurfaces being flat, but they do not rule out mild dark energy dynamics or a little spatial curvature. We also investigate the effect of including quasar flux measurements in the mix and find no novel conclusions.
Psychology of Religion Instrumentation: Systematic Review with an International and Multiple Faith Focus

The psychology of religion (PR) measures has paralleled the increasing trend in the field of PR research. While culture, religion, and psychology are deeply intertwined, early researchers had used measures mainly translated from Western Judeo-Christian traditions. A systematic review provided an overview landscape of published PR measures translated, adapted or indigenously developed for non-Judeo-Christian populations across multiple faiths. There has been an increasing trend in the development of indigenous PR measures, mainly Islamic scales. The chapter also illustrated potential pitfalls of using mere translated or adapted scales, highlighting issues relating to doctrinal, cross-religion, and cross-cultural relevancies. Finally, best practices for developing PR measurements are described, which include creating items based on theological underpinning with cultural validity, good sampling and data collection practices, and adequate psychometric properties.
A Rapid In Vitro Phenotypic Assay of Walnut Shoots for Prescreening Resistance to Phytophthora pini

Phytophthora species cause crown, root, and aerial canker diseases in diverse horticultural crops, resulting in a loss of yield, loss of quality, and plant death. Breeding programs are interested i...
Parks, Permits, and Riot Police: San Francisco Food Not Bombs and Autonomous Occupations of Space

Mayor of San Francisco Art Agnos (1988–1991) ordered the arrest of Food Not Bombs activists for distributing food without a permit in August 1988. A campaign of arrests and harassment continued throughout Agnos's administration as he and the activists continually butted heads over the City's homelessness politics. Central to this conflict was the role of permits in regulating public space and Food Not Bombs’ refusal to accept the City's legitimacy in limiting public meals. This article contends that Agnos used health and parks permits to force “negotiated management” between Food Not Bombs activists and police and City officials in order to regulate their public meals of the homeless in order to moderate the group's politics and remove them from contested public space. Food Not Bombs refused this negotiated management and instead occupied public space and provided free meals daily. In response, the City and Mayor Art Agnos used police to exclude the group from public space in an attempt to force the group...
Stable isotope probing with 18O-water to investigate growth and mortality of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soil.

Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea oxidize ammonia to nitrite, the first and rate-limiting step in the important ecosystem process of nitrification. Growth and mortality of ammonia oxidizers in soil are difficult to quantify but accurate measurements would offer important insights into how environmental parameters regulate the population dynamics of these organisms. Stable isotope probing (SIP) is a recently developed technique that can identify microorganisms that assimilate labeled substrates and can be adapted to quantify the growth of organisms in soil. Here, we describe the use of SIP with ^(18)O-water to investigate the growth and mortality of ammonia oxidizers in a soil taken from a ponderosa pine forest in northern Arizona, USA. Addition of ammonia to soil stimulated the growth of AOB but not ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA). The mortality of AOA was increased upon addition of ammonia to soil; however, the variance in these measurements was high. The mortality of AOB, in contrast, was not impacted by addition of ammonia to soil. The results suggest that increased ammonia availability in soil favors AOB over AOA.
Chapter 25 The wavelet transformed EEG: a new method of trial-by-trial evaluation of saccade-related cortical activity

Publisher Summary The chapter describes a method that allows the analysis of gamma changes during saccades in a trial-by-trial manner, providing fine temporal dissection of saccade-related quantification and detection of induced gamma. Advanced statistical analysis is needed to analyze the extent of the data obtained from a trial-by-trial analysis. The results are based on detailed analysis of about 1200 individual saccades in 10 subjects. The statistical method used in the chapter is general linear mixed (GLM) model utilized for ANOVA analysis. The chapter provides an estimation of the gamma power depending on every data point analyzed. The properties of parieto-occipital gamma activity following simple visual stimuli or in association with saccades demonstrate the true existence of gamma-range activity in the human electroencephalogram (EEG). The evidence is the strong physiological dependence of high-frequency gamma different from concurrently analyzed lower frequencies.
Binding of Streptococcal Competence Factor by the Spheroplast Membrane of a Group H Streptococcus

The binding of streptococcal competence factor (CF) was found to be specific for a strain of streptococcus which was capable of undergoing competence induction. Three other streptococcal strains which could not be induced to competence, did not bind CF. CF binding was independent of time, temperature, age of the culture, and type of growth media employed. Several observations indicated that the receptor sites for CF are located in the bacterial membrane: (i) the retention of CF by spheroplasts, (ii) the binding of CF by isolated membrane fractions, and (iii), the degradation of CF binding capacity of membranes by different chemicals and enzymes.
Instructional Technology and Objectification.

Objectification refers to the way in which everything (including human beings) is treated as an object, raw material, or resource to be manipulated and used. In this article, objectification refers to the way that education is often reduced to the packaging and delivery of information. A critique of objectification in instructional technology is presented. In the context of Heidegger’s critique of technology, the authors claim that objectification in education is metaphysical in the sense that the intelligibility (being) of education is equated with ready-to-use packages, and thus is reduced to delivery and transmission of objects. The embodiment dimension of teaching and learning can help us in resisting this reduction. The authors argue that objectification increases bureaucratic control over the teaching process and deskills teachers; and by which teachers are proletarianized. The authors conclude that instructional designers should create structures in which a care relation and dialogue between students and teachers can take place. Resume: L’objectification refere a la facon dont tout (incluant les etre humains) est traite comme un objet, une matiere premiere ou une ressource qui peut etre manipulee et utilisee. Dans cet article, l’objectification refere a la facon dont l’education est souvent reduite a la mise en boite et a la livraison de l’information. Une critique de l’objectification en technologie educative est presentee. Dans le contexte de la critique de la technologie par Heidegger, les auteurs pretendent que l’objectification en education est metaphysique dans le sens que l’intelligibilite (etre) de l’education equivaut a la mise en boite pret-a –utiliser, et se resume donc a la livraison et a la transmission d’objets. L’incarnation de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage peuvent nous aider a resister a cette reduction. Les auteurs arguent que l’objectification augment le controle bureaucratique sur le processus d’enseignement et dequalifie les enseignants; de ce fait, les enseignants deviennent proletariens. Les auteurs concluent que les technologues de l’education devraient creer des structures dans lesquelles une relation aidante et un dialogue entre l’etudiant et l’enseignant peuvent prendre place.
Individuation in forensic science study: decapitation

In this study we present a technique that may be useful in the individuation of remains separated through the cervical region. Using a series of measurements from young female skeletons in the Terry Collection, we have developed a model for testing congruence between adjacent elements. Emphasis has been placed on identifying those measurements most likely to minimize underestimating the true number of remains present. The use of the technique has been demonstrated in two (retrospective) forensic science examples.
Herzleiden und Schwangerschaft

Allgemeine Bemerkungen. Die haufigsten Herzkrankheiten bei Frauen im gebarfahigen Alter sind der fieberhafte Rheumatismus und die Hypertonie. Kongenitale Herzfehler, ein Cor pulmonale (besonders bei der Kyphoskoliose) oder arteriosklerotische Herzleiden sind selten.
Scaling of splay and total rigidity for elastic percolation on the triangular lattice.

The randomly diluted elastic network with central force interactions is simulated on the triangular lattice using a constraint analysis of cluster displacement vectors. The exponents for the percolation of splay and total rigidity are found to be the same, ν=1.14±0.1, γ=1.6±0.3, and β=0.46±0.4. The concentration of bonds that are in clusters rigid only with respect to a splay deformation is evaluated as a function of bond concentration. The area under the resulting distribution diminishes with lattice size as ∼L−1.1, indicating that splay and total rigidity have the same threshold, pc≊0.64.
Mass Loss from Rotating Hot-stars: Inhibition of Wind Compressed Disks by Nonradial Line-forces

We review the dynamics of radiatively driven mass loss from rapidly rotating hot-stars. We first summarize the angular momentum conservation process that leads to formation of a Wind Compressed Disk(WCD) when material from a rapidly rotating star is driven gradually outward in the radial direction. We next describe how stellar oblateness and asymmetries in the Sobolev line-resonance generally leads to nonradialcomponents of the driving force is a line-driven wind, including an azimuthal spin-down force acting against the sense of the wind rotation, and a latitudinal force away from the equator. We summarize results from radiation-hydrodynamical simulations showing that these nonradial forces can lead to an effective suppressionof the equatorward flow needed to form a WCD, as well as a modest (∼ 25%) spin-downof the wind rotation. Furthermore, contrary to previous expectations that the wind mass flux should be enhanced by the reduced effective gravity near the equator, we show here that gravity darkening effects can actually lead to a reducedmass loss, and thus lower density, in the wind from the equatorial region. Finally, we examine the equatorial bistability model, and show that a sufficiently strong jump in wind driving parameters can, in principle, overcome the effect of reduced radiative driving flux, thus still allowing moderate enhancements in density in an equatorial, bistability zone wind.