cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
C-17, automated testing of cockpit display visual aspects

The C-17 Glass Cockpit utilizes two unique display technologies whose visual characteristics are crucial to mission success. The C-17 display test set provides a single automated testing solution for the heads up display and the multi-function display utilizing off-the-shelf commercial photometric testing equipment. Automated testing of visual aspects as perceived by the pilot is implemented to quantify display characteristics such as luminance, uniformity, resolution, placement accuracy, color and convergence. Minimizing operator intervention and maximizing automatic test capability reduces subjective analysis to repeatable consistent test standards with reduced test times. >
Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Getting Out of Trouble

Abstract The standard techniques of endovascular aneurysm repair sometimes fail to produce atraumatic stent-graft delivery of hemostatic implantation, and additional maneuvers are required to avoid conversion to open repair. Between June 1996 and May 1997 elective endovascular aneurysm repair was performed in 33 high risk patients, using a Z-stent-based prosthesis. Challenging anatomic features included: short neck ( 60°) in seven, iliac aneurysm in six, and iliac tortuosity (>80°) in 24. There were no deaths, no renal failure, no pulmonary failure, no graft thrombosis, no migration, and no conversions to open surgery. Deviations from standard technique were required to treat iliac artery dissection, iliac artery stenosis, and leaks resulting from proximal stent malalignment, proximal stent malposition, and distal stent malposition. The necessary adjunctive maneuvers included: additional stent placement, additional stent-graft placement, and balloon dilatation. Mean operating time was 191 ± 72 min, mean contrast volume was 148 ±76 ml, and mean blood loss was 314 ± 427 ml. Mean time from operation to discharge from the hospital was 3.5 ± 1.67 days. These short-term results demonstrate that endovascular aneurysm repair is safe and effective in high risk patients, only if adjunctive maneuvers are available to supplement standard technique.
Sometimes Happy People Focus on the Trees and Sad People Focus on the Forest Context-Dependent Effects of Mood in Impression Formation

Research indicates that affect influences whether people focus on categorical or behavioral information during impression formation. One explanation is that affect confers its value on whatever cognitive inclinations are most accessible in a given situation. Three studies tested this malleable mood effects hypothesis, predicting that happy moods should maintain and unhappy moods should inhibit situationally dominant thinking styles. Participants completed an impression formation task that included categorical and behavioral information. Consistent with the proposed hypothesis, no fixed relation between mood and processing emerged. Whether happy moods led to judgments reflecting category-level or behavior-level information depended on whether participants were led to focus on the their immediate psychological state (i.e., current affective experience; Studies 1 and 2) or physical environment (i.e., an unexpected odor; Study 3). Consistent with research on socially situated cognition, these results demonstrate that the same affective state can trigger entirely different thinking styles depending on the context.
The Use of Quantitative Sterile Brush Culture and Gram Stain Analysis in the Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

We prospectively evaluated 55 patients (58 studies) who presented for diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the presence of lower respiratory tract infection. A sheathed, nonplugged, sterile brush passed transbronchoscopically under fluoroscopic control was used to retrieve bronchial secretions. These were evaluated using Gram stains, Wright-Giemsa stains, and quantitative bacterial cultures. In 18 studies of patients with known or suspected infection, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacteria were easily identifiable on Gram stain, and potential lower respiratory pathogens were recovered in concentrations ≥ 10 6 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. In 15 control studies of patients with noninfectious lung disease and in 17 studies of patients with suspected lung infection (nine with prior antibiotic therapy), organisms were not seen on Gram stain and in 28/32 studies bacteria were present in concentrations of ≤ 10 4 cfu/ml. The remaining eight studies were in patients proved to have active granulomatous disease. These studies establish the ability of a fiberoptic bronchoscopic technique to diagnose bacterial infection in a group of patients presenting difficult diagnostic problems.
Subjective outcome assessments for cervical spine pathology: A narrative review

Background Subjective outcome assessment instruments may be used to determine whether changes occur as a result of a particular treatment intervention. Since 1991, 11 outcome assessment instruments either specific to or validated for use with cervical spine pathologies have been developed and their psychometric properties critically assessed. Though a systematic review of this subject was published in 2002, it included an analysis of only 5 measures available at that time.
Public housing relocations in Atlanta, Georgia, and declines in spatial access to safety net primary care

This analysis investigates changes in spatial access to safety-net primary care in a sample of US public housing residents relocating via the HOPE VI initiative from public housing complexes to voucher-subsidized rental units; substance misusers were oversampled. We used gravity-based models to measure spatial access to care, and used mixed models to assess pre-/post-relocation changes in access. Half the sample experienced declines in spatial access of ≥79.83%; declines did not vary by substance misuse status. Results suggest that future public housing relocation initiatives should partner with relocaters, particularly those in poor health, to help them find housing near safety-net clinics.
Multiple hemophilic bone cysts in the hand

H emophilia is an X-linked hereditary hemorrhagic diathesis that is caused by a deficiency of either factor VIII or factor IX and is characterized by spontaneous or minimally provoked hemorrhage. Musculoskeletal manifestations of hemophilia include hemarthroses, peripheral neuropathies caused by nerve compression, and hemophilic pseudotumors of bone and muscle. We report an unusual case of multiple
On the relationship between external and internal stability of linear time-varying systems

New analytical definitions of stabilizability and detectability for a linear time-varying discrete-time system are given. It is shown that, if a linear system has these properties and has reachability and observability matrices with bounded pseudoinverses, then external or bounded-input-bounded-output (BIBO) stability of the system is equivalent to internal or uniform asymptotic stability. >
Use of Care Paths to Improve Patient Management

The purpose of this special issue of Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics is to present an evidence-based system to guide the physical therapy management of patients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Two systematic guides to patient management will be presented. The first is a care path intended primarily for use by physical therapists, and the second is a care path for families of infants being cared for in the NICU. In this article, background information on the concept of using care paths for clinical management is presented, followed by a general description of the two care paths for use in the NICU. Subsequent articles describe physical therapy practice in the context of the NICU team approach to care for medically fragile infants with more detail on use of the two care paths and the evidence supporting their contents.
Large fill-factor bilayer iodine perovskite solar cells fabricated by a low-temperature solution-process

This work studied the influence of the methylammonium iodide/lead iodine precursor ratio on the perovskite film morphology and device performance. Using a non-stoichiometric precursor solution was demonstrated to be critical to form stoichiometric perovskite films. The compositions of the spun perovskite films were very sensitive to the surface of substrates, and can be very different from that in precursor solutions. Remarkably, we found that the unique double fullerene layers adopted could dramatically reduce dark current leakage by forming a Schottky junction with the anode, and effectively passivate traps in perovskite to increase the efficiency by boosting the fill factor to above 80% for perovskite solar cells.
Ferromagnetic Nanocomposite Films from Thermally Labile Nitride Precursors

A series of nanocomposite films containing Ni or Co nitride dispersed in a ceramic matrix of Al nitride, B nitride, or Sio nitride, were prepared by reactive sputtering of selected alloys or compounds such as Ni aluminide or Co silicide. Thermal treatment of the nitride composites in vacuum at {le}500 C leads to selective loss of N from CoN or Ni{sub 3}N to generate dispersions of the metal in the ceramic matrix. This treatment may be performed in a localized manner by means of a focused laser beam to generate microscopic features that are imaged by magnetic force microscopy. The films are potentially useful for data storage with superior chemical and mechanical stability provided by the ceramic matrix and high encoding density made possible because of the size of the magnetic particles of less than 10 nm generated in the thermal treatment. The films were characterized by chemical and physical means including FTIR, TEM, MFM, and magnetic measurements. Preliminary results on similar iron composites are also described.
Immunological consequences of using three different clinical/laboratory techniques of emulsifying peptide-based vaccines in incomplete Freund's adjuvant

Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) serves as a carrier for water-in-oil emulsion (W/O) vaccines. The stability of such emulsions greatly affects vaccine safety and efficacy since continued presence of antigen depots at lymphoid organs releasing low-level antigens is known to stimulate a potent immune response and high-level systemic release of antigens can lead to tolerance. W/O emulsions for the purpose of clinical and laboratory peptide-based vaccinations have been prepared using the techniques of syringe extrusion, vortex or high-speed homogenization. There is no consensus in the field over which technique would be best to use and no immunological data are available that compare the three techniques. In this study, we compared the immune responses induced by a peptide-based vaccine prepared using vortex, syringe-extrusion and homogenization. The vaccination led to tumor rejection by mice vaccinated with the peptide-based vaccine prepared using all three techniques. The immunological data from the in vivo cytotoxicity assay showed a trend for lower responses and a higher variability and greater range in the immune responses induced by a vaccine that was emulsified by the vortex or homogenizer techniques as compared to the syringe-extrusion technique. There were statistically significant lower numbers of IFNγ-secreting cells induced when the mice were vaccinated with a peptide-based vaccine emulsion prepared using the vortex compared to the syringe-extrusion technique. At a suboptimal vaccine dose, the mice vaccinated with a peptide-based vaccine emulsion prepared using the vortex technique had the largest tumors compared to the syringe-extrusion or the homogenizer technique. In the setting of a busy pharmacy that prepares peptide-based vaccine emulsions for clinical studies, the vortex technique can still be used but we urge investigators to take special care in their choice of mixing vessels for the vortex technique as that can influence the stability of the emulsion. However, in instances where the optimal dose is unknown, we caution investigators against using the vortex technique to prepare the peptide-based vaccine emulsions. Overall, we report that all three techniques can be used to prepare peptide-based vaccine emulsions under optimal dose conditions and we discuss important details regarding the proper preparation of the emulsions.
Semantics based operators for integrating heterogeneous biological data sources

Advances in analytical techniques have drastically increased the amount of biological data available, which in turn has increased the difficulty and complexity of biological knowledge discovery. It is important to have mechanisms to take fall advantage of the data not only for doing simple searches, but also for answering ad hoc and complex questions at the user's will by virtually connecting the heterogeneous data sources. In this paper, we propose and formally define new operators that can be used for sequence comparison and alignment. Furthermore, cross-database operators can be developed based on work presented in this paper to dynamically link different types of databases. We believe this liberates biological researchers from unproductive labor and allow them to focus on pattern seeking and interpretation of results.
Using consensus groups in online learning

This chapter describes online consensus group work, a form of collaborative learning. It discusses collaborative learning, small group work, and consensus learning, with recommendations for their use in online contexts.
Oviposition deterring pheromone influences dispersal distance in tephritid fruit flies

We tested the hypothesis that Rhagoletis pomonella females exhibit a greater propensity for engaging in long distance (i.e. ≥1000 m) flight following encounters with egg-infested oviposition-deterring-pheromone (ODP) marked host fruit than similar females that encounter uninfested, clean (i.e. no ODP) fruit. Female flies which were first tethered to flight mills were presented with and permitted to explore (a) ODP-marked or (b) clean fruit and then stimulated to fly. Results showed that females that had encountered a high rate of infested, ODP-marked fruit displayed long distance flight more frequently and flew greater average distances than females that had searched uninfested fruit. We discuss these results in light of contemporary foraging theory. RESUME La distance de dispersion influencee chez les Tephritidae par la pheromone dissuadant la ponte La reponse d'insectes a leurs pheromones de dissuasion (ODP) est examinee generalement a un seul niveau de prospection, c'est-a-dire celui de la res-source individuelle elle-měme. Ces marqueurs chimiques peuvent, cependant, fournir aussi des informations au prospecteur sur la disponibilite en ressources, tant au niveau de l'inflorescence qu'au niveau de l'habitat. Une telle information influence vraisemblablement le comportement de prospection a differents niveaux. Dans cette note, nous verifions l'hypothese que la rencontre avec des hotes marques par ODP influence la tendance de Rhagoletis pomonella (Dipt: Tephrit) a entreprendre des vols importants (c'est-a-dire interhabitats). Nous avons montre dans des experiences de laboratoire que les femelles lors de trois rencontres consecutives avec des fruits marques par ODP: 1) entreprenaient plus frequemment (19 cas sur 81 contre 6 sur 81) un vol a longue distance (c'est-a-dire ≥1000 m) et 2) parcouraient des distances moyennes superieures a celles couvertes par des femelles ayant eu la possibilite de prospecter successivement trois fruits propres (sans ODP). Nous engageons le lecteur a examiner nos resultats d'un point de vue qualitatif. Nous ne pouvons nous attendre a ce qu'un vol a longue distance se produise aussi facilement dans la nature qu'au laboratoire, etant donne le plus grand nombre de variables (par exemple, la taille de l'arbre) qui peuvent y modifier le vol reel. Pour terminer, nous discutons les couts et benefices potentiels qui peuvent resulter de ce comportement.
Complex Individuals: The Individual in Non-Euclidian Space

This paper examines the relation of the concept of space to the individual conception in economics. It argues the neoclassical conception is tied to Euclidian space, and that a evolutionary-complexity-computational conception requires a non-Euclidian understanding of space. The paper characterizes the latter individual conception as that of complex individuals, distinguishes it from Jason Potts' 'neo-Euclidian' individual conception, relates it to Philip Mirowski's markomata understanding of markets, and suggests individual diversity as a goal of social economic policy.
Craniomaxillofacial Deformity Correction via Sparse Representation in Coherent Space

Orthognathic surgery is popular for patients with craniomaxillofacial CMF deformity. For orthognathic surgical planning, it is critical to have a patient-specific jaw reference model as guidance. One way is to estimate a normal jaw shape for the patient, by first searching for a normal subject with similar midface and then borrowing his/her normal jaw shape as reference. Intuitively, we can search for multiple normal subjects with similar midface and then linearly combine them as final reference. The respective coefficients for linear combination can be estimated, i.e., by sparse representation of patient's midface by midfaces of all training normal subjects. However, this approach implicitly assumes that the representation of midface shapes is strongly correlated with the representation of jaw shapes, which is unfortunately difficult to meet in practice due to generally different data distributions of shapes of midfaces and jaws. To address this limitation, we propose to estimate the patient-specific jaw reference model in a coherent space. Specifically, we first employ canonical correlation analysis CCA to map the midface and jaw landmarks of training normal subjects into a coherent space, in which their correlation is maximized. Then, in the coherent space, the mapped midface landmarks of patient can be sparsely represented by the mapped midface landmarks of training normal subjects. Those learned sparse coefficients can now be used to combine the jaw landmarks of training normal subjects for estimating the normal jaw landmarks for patient and then building normal jaw shape reference model. Moreover, we also iteratively maximize the correlation between the midface and the jaw shapes in the new coherent space with a multi-layer mapping and refinement MMR process. Experimental results on real clinical data show that the proposed method can more accurately reconstruct the normal jaw shape for patient than the competing methods.
Capillary blood pH by a dilution technic.

A technic is described for collecting arterialized capillary blood in a small heparinized polyethylene centrifuge tube. The ρH is measured after dilution and injection into a Beckman micro blood ρH Assembly. Dilution of the blood with saline results in an average increase of 0.027 ρH units. This change in ρH on dilution is eliminated by inclusion of calcium in the diluent. The ρH of capillary blood drawn and measured as described does not differ significantly from that of undiluted arterial blood drawn from the same patient.
On-chip interconnection beyond semiconductor roadmap: silicon microphotonics

The present paper describes an emerging field, "Si microphotonics", and its application to on-chip interconnection beyond semiconductor roadmap. Current Si-LSIs have been facing three fundamental limits associated with metal interconnection; i.e., slow clock speed, multilayer interconnection for high density interconnects, and high power consumption. These limits are induced by "slow" signal messengers, electrons. There is no solution beyond the Cu and low k technology but optical interconnection. To implement optical clock distribution on a chip, one challenge is sharp bending of waveguides. High-index contrast optics has shown their significant potentials. Right angle bends have been proto-typed whose area is less than 1 tm2. Ge directly grown on Si wafers shows an excellent characteristics as photodetectors for 1.3 and 1 .55 tm. A high-density interconnection needs wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Ultrasmall multiplexer/demultiplexer (DEMUX/DEMUX) has been achieved on a chip based on micro-ring resonators (1O tm). Minimization ofpower consumption is of importance when light sources are implemented on a chip. Microcavity resonators based on photonic crystal concepts should be a unique solution.
Effect of cholinergic drugs on development of chick embryo.

Summary1. Large doses of acetylcholine (1.20-2.85 mg) were injected in the yolk sac, air chamber, or directly on the embryo during the 4-12-day incubation period. These doses were well tolerated by the embryo and attended with no gross abnormalities. Atropine similarly administered produced no malformation. 2. The yolk sac of 4-day embryos was injected with weak doses (0.05 mg) of physostigmine salicylate. Shortened beaks, micromelia, and retarded development of eyelids were observed at 8 to 13 days' incubation. Inasmuch as similar anomalies were reported in sulfanilamide and insulin treated animals, these anomalies cannot be considered eserine specific. 3. With larger doses (1-15 mg) of prostigmine bromide or physostigmine salicylate, the above mentioned anomalies were generally associated with severe midline bendings of the vertebral column (Figs. 4,5), and this was interpreted as specific for cholinesterase inhibition.
Photoproduction of π 0 Mesons from Hydrogen at 180

We measured the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ photoproduction differential cross section at 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for a range of incident photon energies between 650 and 1750 MeV. The cross sections are dominated by the ${D}_{13}(1525)$, ${D}_{15}(1688)$, and ${F}_{37}(1920)$ resonances.
Using equivalence-based instruction to teach piano skills to children.

Thesis (M.A., Psychology (Applied Behavior Analysis))--California State University, Sacramento, 2015.
Investigations on mesostigmatic mites from Pingluo,Ningxia(1)

Objective To understand composition and distribution of mite in gerbil plague natural focus in Pingluo County.Methods Ecological investigation on animals and insects was carried out.Results Totally 32 species of 19 genera and 7 families of gamasid were discovered.Out of them,1 species was reported in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for the first time.Conclusions Discovery of gamasid in Pingluo County is of importance for preventing natural focus infection disease,such as plague.
Comparison of different low dose dobutamine echocardiography for identifying viable myocardium in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and safety of different low dose [3,5 and 10 μg/(kg·min)] dobutamine (Dob) two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) for detecting viable myocardium, and to seek an optimal dose of Dob for chinese patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods In 31 patients with AMI who were scheduled to undergo coronary revascularization (CRV), low dose [3,5 and 10 μg/(kg·min)] Dob 2DE tests were conducted 1～2 weeks [(10±3) days] after the infarction. CRV was successful in all patients, and the follow up 2DE were also done about 5～6 months after CRV. The detected viable myocardium after the tests were compared with the post CRV actual contractile improvement of corresponding segments to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) and accuracy of the tests for identifying viable myocardium.The safety of these tests were also evaluated.Results Among 221 abnormal segments in 31 patients with AMI, the rates of viable myocardial segments detected by Dob 3,5 and 10 μg/(kg·min) 2DE tests were 40.7% , 50.2% and 55.8% , respectively, which in Dob 5 and 10 μg/(kg·min) were significantly higher than that in Dob 3 μg/(kg·min) (both P 0.05 ). The sensitivity of low dose [3,5 and 10 μg/(kg·min)] Dob 2DE tests for the identifying viable myocardium were 61.6% , 78.4% and 89.5% , respectively. There were significant differences between each two dosage (P 0.01 , 0.001 ). The NPV were 63.4% , 75.5% and 86.8% , and accuracy 72.4% , 81.9% and 87.9% , respectively, with those in Dob 5 and 10 μg/(kg·min) being significantly higher than those in Dob 3 μg/(kg·min) (P 0.01 , 0.001 ). On the other hand, the rates of side effects in 3, 5 and 10 μg were 0 , 12.9% and 29.0% , respectively. Myocardial ischemia had been induced by Dob 10 μg/(kg·min) in 2 cases ( 6.9% ).Conclusions For identifying viable myocardium with different low dose [3,5 and 10 μg/ (kg·min) ] Dob 2DE test in patients with AMI, Dob 10 μg/(kg·min) is the most accurate though less safe, Dob 3 μg/ (kg·min) is safest but less sensitive, and Dob 5 μg/(kg·min) may be an optimal dose for Chinese,which is more sensitive and accurate than Dob 3 μg/(kg·min) and safer than Dob 10 μg/(kg·min).
Visualizing the critique: Strengthening quantitative reasoning skills through design

In the age of “Big Data,” information is often quantitative in nature. The ability to analyze information through the sifting of data has been identified as a core competency for success in navigating daily life and participation in the contemporary workforce. This skill, known as Quantitative Reasoning (QR), is characterized by the ability to integrate arithmetic, statistics, visualizations and models for the analysis and interpretation of information. For students intending to pursue careers in graphic design, QR competencies are essential for the design of effective visual displays of information. This case study provides design educators with an assignment they can use to introduce students to data analytics and visualization strategies. The study describes how, in two sections of an undergraduate Information Design course, the final critique of a mid-term project was replaced with an anonymous survey instead of the traditional delivery of feedback through verbal dialogue. Responses were collated, stripped of identifiers, and distributed to the class with directions to create data visualizations of the critique. The study reveals the potential of the assignment to strengthen the role of students as active participants in the feedback process, clarify the criteria for assessment, and deliver focused feedback to improve student work. Keywords: Quantitative Reasoning; information design; graphic design; pedagogy; data visualization; design critique.
Abstract 3726: Right Ventricular Microcirculatory Changes in Pulmonary Hypertension-Associated Right Heart Failure Imaged by Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy

Background: Right ventricular (RV) ischemia occurs in pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients despite normal coronary angiograms. O 2 supply-demand balance in the pressure-overloaded RV is determined by the interplay between reduced coronary perfusion (due to systemic hypotension and compression of coronary vessels) and a wall stress-related increase in myocardial O 2 consumption. The role of capillary rarefaction, which is involved in pressure overload induced left heart failure, has not been investigated in PH-associated RV failure. Methods: Rats received a single dose of the VEGF receptor blocker SU5416 and were exposed to 4 wks of normobaric hypoxia and 2 wks of sea level room air. This regimen induces angioproliferative changes in the pulmonary circulation, severe PH and RV failure. At 6 wks, the rats received intravital injections of Texas-Red conjugated tomato lectin, which is an N-acetylglucosamine specific marker of blood vessels in rodents. After circulation of the lectin for 5 min, papaverin was injected to promote maximal vasodilation of all perfused blood vessels. Animals were exsanguinated and perfusion-fixed with paraformaldehyde. After overnight fixation, 300 μm thick transverse sections of the myocardium were bleached in a methanol/DMSO mixture and nuclei were stained using DAPI. Prior to 3-dimensional imaging under a confocal microscope, further tissue clearing was achieved using organic solvents. Results: Z-stacks of 2-dimensional images were made in whole-mount cardiac specimens, using a step size of 0.32 μm. 3-dimensional reconstruction allowed quantification of the total capillary volume, which was reduced in the PH model compared to controls (2.9±1% vs. 5.7±1% of tissue volume, p Conclusions: RV failure in experimental PH is associated with capillary rarefaction. 3-dimensional imaging of the myocardial microcirculation can be achieved using intravital injections of tomato lectin and subsequent confocal imaging.
Bed-based instrumentation for unobtrusive sleep quality assessment in severely disabled autistic children

The relationship between sleep quality and daytime wellness and performance in severely disabled, autistic children is not well understood. While polysomnography and, more recently, actigraphy serve as means to obtain sleep assessment data from neurotypical children and adults, these techniques are not well-suited to severely autistic children. This paper presents recent progress on a bed sensor suite that can unobtrusively track physiological and behavioral parameters used to assess sleep quality. Electromechanical films and load cells provide data that yield heart rate, respiration rate, center of position, in-and-out-of-bed activity, and general movement, while thermocouples are used to detect bed-wetting events.
Nitric Oxide: An Introductory Primer.

As humans evolved in an atmosphere in which the most plentiful gases are Nitrogen and Oxygen, it is not surprising that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in human physiology. Originally described as an “endothelial relaxing factor,” we now recognize NO as not only a neurotransmitter, but also an important agent in blood physiology and vascular biology. In this symposium, three experts in NO research discuss emerging knowledge of NO’s role in hematology and transfusion medicine. NO is derived from arginine by three isoforms of NO synthetase , including NOS3 found in endothelial cells. NO binds avidly to free hemoglobin (Hg) through several chemical interactions, some of which depend upon the degree of oxygen saturation of Hg. Scavenging of NO by free plasma Hg accounts for the hypertensive effects of RBC substitutes and likely contributes to the renal lesion that accompanies acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. Under non-hemolytic conditions, the RBC membrane plays an important role to limit scavenging of endothelial-derived NO by Hg. The importance of disrupted NO physiology is exemplified by sickle cell anemia, in which chronic intravascular hemolysis, abnormal hemoglobin shape change during deoxygenation, and membrane abnormalities may all contribute to the disruption of NO physiology. Reduced NO in sickle cell anemia may contribute pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular strain, vasculopathy, and thrombosis. A better understanding of the role of NO in sickle cell anemia holds promise for new therapeutic approaches to this devastating blood disorder. Recent research is exploring changes in the concentration of NO that occur in stored red cells prior to and following transfusion. Whether or not these changes may account for clinical effects of blood transfusion is an area of active investigation. NO also plays a fundamental role in platelet physiology where it serves to reduce platelet activation. Thus, depletion of NO during intravascular hemolysis promotes a thrombotic signal. Examples may include TTP, transfusion reactions, PNH, DIC, sickle cell anemia, and others. The molecular mechanism of NO’s action on platelets, including its effects on vesicle and protein trafficking within the cell, is the subject of active research that will be summarized. Attendees of this symposium should gain new insights into the important role that NO plays in blood, vascular, and transfusion physiology.
Intelligence and Mind

Though there is a vast psychological literature on intelligence, it contains surprisingly few insights into the foundational questions which interest us here: what is intelligence, and how can it, practically or theoretically, be quantified? The problem is that, as Robert Sternberg has observed, theories of intelligence are not all theories of the same thing. Rather, they tend to be theories of different aspects of intelligence. To make matters worse, the theorists who propose these theories rarely make it clear just what aspects of intelligence their theories embrace (1987, p.141).
Who Put The “Back” In Back-And-Forth?

Logicians of a certain age can remember when they were first allowed to savor Cantor’s sweet theorem characterizing the rationals among ordered sets as the unique countable densely ordered set without endpoints. For most the pleasure was heightened when they were shown the elegant back-and-forth argument that makes the proof of Cantor’s theorem perfectly transparent. This method of establishing isomorphism is now so widely known that its invocation no longer begins demonstrations, it ends them. Provers tell us: “By the usual back-and-forth argument so-and-so is isomorphic to such-and-such”, and then they move on to other matters. Logicians, in particular model-theorists, deserve a great deal of credit for making back-and-forth a mathematical cliche.
Hydrothermal deposition on the Juan de Fuca Ridge over multiple glacial–interglacial cycles

Abstract Hydrothermal systems play an important role in modern marine chemistry, but little is known about how they may have varied on 100,000 year timescales. Here we present high-resolution records of non-lithogenic metal fluxes within sediment cores covering the last 500,000 years of hydrothermal deposition on the flanks of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Six adjacent, gridded cores were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence for Fe, Mn, and Cu concentrations, corrected for lithogenic inputs with Ti, and normalized to excess initial 230 Th to generate non-lithogenic metal flux records that provide the longest orbitally resolved reconstructions of hydrothermal activity currently available. Fe fluxes vary with global sea level over the last two glacial cycles, suggesting higher hydrothermal deposition during interglacial periods. The observed negative relationship between Fe and Mn indicates variable sediment redox conditions and diagenetic remobilization of sedimentary Mn over time. Thus, Mn fluxes may not be a reliable indicator for hydrothermal activity in the Juan de Fuca Ridge sediment cores. Cu fluxes show substantial high-frequency variability that may be linked to changes in vent temperature related to increased magmatic production during glacial periods. Deglacial hydrothermal peaks on the Juan de Fuca Ridge are consistent with previously published records from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise. Moreover, on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, the deglacial peaks in hydrothermal activity are followed by relatively high hydrothermal fluxes throughout the ensuing interglacial periods relative to the previous glacial period.
Earth's field NMR detection of oil under arctic ice-water suppression.

Abstract Earth’s field NMR has been developed to detect oil trapped under or in Arctic sea-ice. A large challenge, addressed here, is the suppression of the water signal that dominates the oil signal. Selective suppression of water is based on relaxation time T1 because of the negligible chemical shifts in the weak earth’s magnetic field, making all proton signals overlap spectroscopically. The first approach is inversion-null recovery, modified for use with pre-polarization. The requirements for efficient inversion over a wide range of B1 and subsequent adiabatic reorientation of the magnetization to align with the static field are stressed. The second method acquires FIDs at two durations of pre-polarization and cancels the water component of the signal after the data are acquired. While less elegant, this technique imposes no stringent requirements. Similar water suppression is found in simulations for the two methods. Oil detection in the presence of water is demonstrated experimentally with both techniques.
The Basic Principles of the Via Platonica

The pre-Platonic moment has laid out certain presuppositions and prepared the historical situation for the Platonic moment itself. When we turn now to an examination of this second stage of analysis, we find Saint Thomas reducing the Platonic position to certain basic principles (radix, fundamentum, rationes) which, within the major texts and even in those presenting a briefer analysis, appear in different formulae and in varying patterns of relationship. An examination of the texts yields this list of principles: Plures enim antiquorum ex intentionibus intellectis judicium rerum naturalium sumere voluerunt: unde quaecumque inveniuntur convenire in aliqua intentione intellecta, voluerunt quod communicarent in una re.1
Integrins as markers of uterine receptivity in women with primary unexplained infertility

Objective To assess uterine receptivity in women with unexplained infertility using integrin cell adhesion molecules as markers. Design Prospective, controlled study design. Patients Eighty-seven nulliparous women with unexplained infertility and 32 fertile and infertile parous controls. Main Outcome Measure Immunohistochemical staining for α 1, α 4, and β 3 integrin subunits in endometrial biopsies obtained during the window of implantation (days 20 to 24), using the semiquantitative HSCORE by two observers in a blinded fashion. Results All endometrial biopsies from parous controls contained positive immunostaining for the α 1, and β 3 integrin subunits in glandular epithelium. Some samples from parous controls were missing the α 4 subunit. In contrast, compared with parous controls, biopsies from women with unexplained infertility had reduced significantly β 3 expression, with similar expression of α 1 and α 4. Two distinct defects in integrin expression were identified: "out-of-phase" samples that lacked β 3 because of histologic lag (type I defects) and "in-phase" endometrium that still failed to express this integrin (type II defects). These subclassifications accounted for 26% and 39% of the total unexplained infertility group, respectively. Conclusions Abnormal endometrial integrin expression was a frequent finding in women with unexplained infertility. These data suggest that defective uterine receptivity may be an unrecognized cause of infertility in this population of women.
CW RF Cavity Design for High-Average-Current Photoinjector for High Power FEL

This project is a coordinated effort among NAVSEA, LANL and AES, to develop a key enabling technology for high-power FEL called for by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office: a high current RF photoinjector capable of producing continuous average current greater than 100 mA. The specific aim is a π-mode, normal-conducting RF photoinjector, 5 nC of bunch charge, 100 mA of current (at 21.88 MHz bunch repetition rate) and emittance less than 10 mm-mrad. This level of performance will enable robust 100-kW-class FEL operation with electron beam energy <100 MeV, thereby reducing the size and cost of the FEL. This design is scalable to the MW power level by increasing the electron bunch repetition rate from 21.88 MHz (the 32nd sub-harmonic of 700 MHz) to a higher value. The major challenges are emittance control and high heat flux within the CW 700 MHz RF cavities. Preliminary results of RF cavity designs and cooling schemes are presented, including both high-velocity water and liquid-nitrogen cooling options. PACS codes: 41.60. Cr, 29.17+w, 29.27. Bd, 41.75. Fr
Proteins of generalist and specialist pathogens differ in their amino acid composition

Pathogens differ in their host specificities, with species infecting a unique host (specialist pathogens) and others having a wide host range (generalists). Molecular determinants of pathogen's host range remain poorly understood. Secreted proteins of generalist pathogens are expected to have a broader range of intermolecular interactions (i.e., higher promiscuity) compared with their specialist counterparts. We hypothesize that this increased promiscuity of generalist secretomes may be based on an elevated content of primitive amino acids and intrinsically disordered regions, as these features are known to increase protein flexibility and interactivity. Here, we measure the proportion of primitive amino acids and percentage of intrinsically disordered residues in secreted, membrane, and cytoplasmic proteins from pathogens with different host specificity. Supporting our prediction, there is a significant general enrichment for primitive amino acids and intrinsically disordered regions in proteins from generalists compared to specialists, particularly among secreted proteins in prokaryotes. Our findings support our hypothesis that secreted proteins' amino acid composition and disordered content influence the pathogens' host range.
Evaluating Epistemic Commitments and Science Communication Practice in Transdisciplinary Research

Transdisciplinary research is a central commitment in efforts to advance sustainability. Transdisciplinarity requires integrating knowledge from a variety of groups, including scientists, policymakers, and regulators. Success in integrating multiple ways of knowing is influenced by the relative authority that science, as an epistemology, holds within a collaborative effort. This study draws from the literature on epistemic authority and science communication to explore epistemic authority and engagement within a sustainability science collaboration. Our results highlight persistent contradictions in commitments to epistemic diversity and the privileging of science, demonstrating tensions between conceptual commitments to participatory approaches within sustainability science and practices of engagement.
Candidate 8p tumor suppressor DEFB-1 induces apoptosis in renal cancer

2900 Introduction and Objective: Beta defensin-1 (DEFB1) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 8p. Cancer-specific loss of DEFB1 expression is found in 90% of clear cell carcinomas (Laboratory Investigation 83:501, 2003). While this gene resides in one of the areas of 8p frequently deleted in renal cancer there has been little work done to determine whether the protein is functional in tumor suppression. The objective of this project was to determine if beta defensin-1 protein inhibits renal cancer cell growth. Methods: Full length DEFB1 cDNA was cloned in pcDNA 3.1 (Invitrogen) for transient transfection of the human renal cell carcinoma cell line SW156. Mature and properly reduced protein was synthesized in solid phase for direct addition to cell cultures. Vector expression was monitored by RT-PCR and western analysis of DEFB1 RNA and protein respectively. Apoptosis was monitored by western analysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and microscopy for detection of apoptotic bodies and cell viability. Results: The addition of synthetic DEFB1 peptide to tumor cells in culture resulted in modest but consistent growth inhibition compared to control peptide. Transient transfection with over expression of DEFB1 in renal cell carcinoma cell lines resulted in near complete cell death while vector control transfections remained viable under the same conditions. Transfected cells produced DEFB1 protein that appeared in the culture medium prior to cell death. While vector control cells failed to exhibit PARP cleavage, a time dependent increase in PARP cleavage was observed in DEFB1 transfected cells that correlated with the appearance of apoptotic bodies and cell death. Conclusions: Beta defensin-1 induces apoptotic cell death in human renal cell carcinoma. This gene is frequently deleted and resides on chromosome 8p within the area of minimal deletion overlap previously identified in loss of heterozygosity studies as likely to contain a common tumor suppressor gene. DEFB1 protein is absent or severely underexpressed in 90% of clinical cases of renal cell carcinoma. Thus, DEFB1 remains a strong candidate as a new tumor suppressor gene and exhibits functional tumor suppression in vitro.
Monitoring of Drought Awareness from Google Trends: A Case Study of the 2011–17 California Drought

AbstractThis study introduces “Google Trends” as a social data source in monitoring and modeling the dynamics of drought awareness during the 2011–17 California drought. In this study, drought awar...
Pharmacologic Research in Pregnant Women - Time to Get It Right.

Pharmacologic Research in Pregnant Women Facilitating inclusion of pregnant women in clinical research could help answer important questions about the effects of medication use during pregnancy and...
LISSOKETAL, A SPIROKETAL FROM THE PALAUAN ASCIDIAN LISSOCLINUM VOELTZKOWI

Specimens of Lissoclinum voeltzkowi from Palau contained lissoketal (1), which was identified by analysis of spectral data.
P43 Does frequent hospital review improve asthma control in children with problematic severe asthma (PSA)

Background Children with poor asthma control despite maximally prescribed treatment have Problematic Severe Asthma (PSA). The majority of children with PSA have modifiable factors accounting for poor symptom control and are classed as having difficult asthma (DA) while a small proportion have true Severe Therapy-Resistant Asthma (STRA). Despite structured multidisciplinary (MDT) assessment and formulation of personalised management plans, a subgroup of children with PSA continue to have frequent asthma attacks. We hypothesised that frequent hospital-based review of this subgroup of children would improve asthma control and also identify those with true STRA. Methods Eight patients under the care of the regional paediatric severe asthma service with PSA and concerns about frequent and/or life-threatening exacerbations were reviewed every 4–6 weeks in the severe asthma MDT clinic. All patients underwent prior hospital, school and home-based asthma assessment. Medication adherence was assessed by Smartinhaler device or prolonged inpatient admission. Results Patient characteristics are described in table 1. Median duration of frequent clinical review was 8 months. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) improved significantly over the first six months of frequent review compared to the preceding six months – from 67% to 82% predicted (p=0.0001). This improvement was sustained after twelve months (table 2). Asthma exacerbations over a twelve month period decreased from 8.8 to 2.0 (p=0.022). Hospital admissions over twelve months also decreased from 3.4 to 0.3 but this was not statistically significant. Asthma Control Test (ACT) improved from 11.5 to 18.1 (p=0.041). Four patients were eligible for Omalizumab; one patient started Omalizumab due to ongoing poor symptom control. Asthma treatment was stepped-up for three patients and stepped-down for two patients. Discussion A programme of frequent clinical review shows measurable benefit in a subgroup of children with PSA with multiple asthma exacerbations. In addition to reinforcing improved technique and adherence, frequent reviews enabled targeted intensive social and psychological intervention. The cost to the health service and the time cost to patients and families is likely to be offset by improvement in frequency of asthma attacks.
A Scanning Soft X-Ray Microscope Using Normal Incidence Mirrors

A scanning x-ray microscope has been installed at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven. Normal incidence mirrors with multilayer coatings are used to form a small local spot and the specimen is mechanically scanned through this spot.
Causes and predictors of 30-day readmissions in patients with cardiogenic shock requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support

Background:Cardiogenic shock is associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and healthcare cost. Utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock has increased in the U...