cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of tumor angiogenesis by a Myc-activated microRNA cluster

Human adenocarcinomas commonly harbor mutations in the KRAS and MYC proto-oncogenes and the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. All three genetic lesions are potentially pro-angiogenic, as they sustain production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Yet Kras-transformed mouse colonocytes lacking p53 formed indolent, poorly vascularized tumors, whereas additional transduction with a Myc-encoding retrovirus promoted vigorous vascularization and growth. In addition, VEGF levels were unaffected by Myc, but enhanced neovascularization correlated with downregulation of anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 (Tsp1) and related proteins, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Both Tsp1 and CTGF are predicted targets for repression by the miR-17-92 microRNA cluster, which was upregulated in colonocytes coexpressing K-Ras and c-Myc. Indeed, miR-17-92 knockdown with antisense 2′-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides partly restored Tsp1 and CTGF expression; in addition, transduction of Ras-only cells with a miR-17-92–encoding retrovirus reduced Tsp1 and CTGF levels. Notably, miR-17-92–transduced cells formed larger, better-perfused tumors. These findings establish a role for microRNAs in non–cell-autonomous Myc-induced tumor phenotypes.
Crustal controls on magmatic-hydrothermal systems: A geophysical comparison of White River, Washington, with Goldfield, Nevada

The White River altered area, Washington, and the Goldfield mining district, Nevada, are nearly contemporaneous Tertiary (ca. 20 Ma) calc-alkaline igneous centers with large exposures of shallow (<1 km depth) magmatic-hydrothermal, acid-sulfate alteration. Goldfield is the largest known high-sulfidation gold deposit in North America. At White River, silica is the only commodity exploited to date, but, based on its similarities with Goldfield, White River may have potential for concealed precious and/or base metal deposits at shallow depth. Both areas are products of the ancestral Cascade arc. Goldfield lies within the Great Basin physiographic province in an area of middle Miocene and younger Basin and Range and Walker Lane faulting, whereas White River is largely unaffected by young faults. However, west-northwest–striking magnetic anomalies at White River do correspond with mapped faults synchronous with magmatism, and other linear anomalies may reflect contemporaneous concealed faults. The White River altered area lies immediately south of the west-northwest–striking White River fault zone and north of a postulated fault with similar orientation. Structural data from the White River altered area indicate that alteration developed synchronously with an anomalous stress field conducive to left-lateral, strike-slip displacement on west-northwest–striking faults. Thus, the White River alteration may have developed in a transient transtensional region between the two strike-slip faults, analogous to models proposed for Goldfield and other mineral deposits in transverse deformational zones. Gravity and magnetic anomalies provide evidence for a pluton beneath the White River altered area that may have provided heat and fluids to overlying volcanic rocks. East– to east-northeast–striking extensional faults and/or fracture zones in the step-over region, also expressed in magnetic anomalies, may have tapped this intrusion and provided vertical and lateral transport of fluids to now silicified areas. By analogy to Goldfield, geophysical anomalies at the White River altered area may serve as proxies for geologic mapping in identifying faults, fractures, and intrusions relevant to hydrothermal alteration and ore formation in areas of poor exposure.
HISTOGENESIS AND GENETICS OF A PLASTID‐CONTROLLED CHLOROPHYLL VARIEGATION IN TOBACCO

A B S T R A C T A mosaic pattern of leaf variegation in a sector on a normal green tobacco seedling resulted from maturation of both green and white cells within the tissue derived from the second histogenic layer (L-II) of the shoot apex. While mature cells of L-II origin contaiined either green plastids or colorless plastids, single cells in young leaves contained both normal green plastids and colorless, defective mutant plastids. The genetic determiner of the defective plastid type, designated Dpi, was located in the plastid itself. Only a small number of mutant plastids were found in any one cell. A threshold number of Dpl above which green plastids were inhibited and below which they developed normally is suggested. Random segregation of Dpl and dpl in cytokinesis, close to the threshold value and without loss of either determiner, could account for the small, intermingled patches of green and white cells derived from the mosaic histogenic layer. The mosaic histogen usually remained mosaic; however, complete segregation during mitosis to Dp1 or dp occasionally occurred in sectors within which lateral buds developed in a stabilized condition, either normal or mutant (green or white). Occasional replacement of L-III by L-I1 apparently introduced the mosaic condition into L-III of the original variegated plant and resulted in an additional pattern of variegation. Patterns of variegation in which the sporogenous tissue was derived from a stable L-II with homoplastidic cells produced only green or only white offspring. Variegated seedlings were obtained only when L-II was mosaic. Contrasting statements on the inheritance of variegations appearing in the literature result from failure to describe accurately the pattern of variegation. Description in terms of plastid types in mature histogens is essential, and plastid segregation in somatic tissue of mosaic L-II must be determined. Variegation should only be used as a general term and further described as stable when the histogens are homoplastidic or mosaic when the histogens are heteroplastidic. Complete description of the inheritance of a plastid mutant must record inclusion or loss in successive cell generations of sexual seedlings.
The effects of selective and non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on conflict behavior in the rat.

Conflict behavior in rats was examined over the course of several weeks of chronic treatment with selective and non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). In daily 10min sessions, rats were trained to drink from a tube which was occasionally electrified (0.5mA). Electrification was signalled by the presence of a tone. Within 3-4 weeks, control (i.e. non-drug) conflict behavior had stabilized (30-40 shocks and 8-12ml water/session) and drug testing began. Chronic administration (two injections/day for 8 weeks) with a non-selective (i.e. MAO-A and MAO-B inhibiting) dose of pargyline (15mg/kg) resulted in a time-dependent increase in punished responding. In contrast, chronic administration of the MAO-A selective inhibitor (clorgyline; 1.0mg/kg, 2mg/kg), the MAO-B selective inhibitor deprenyl (5mg/kg) or MAO-B inhibiting doses of pargyline (1.0mg/kg, 5mg/kg) were without effect. Finally, chronic treatment with the combination of a low dose of clorgyline (1.0mg/kg) and a low dose of pargyline (1.0mg/kg) did result in a time-dependent increase in punished responding. These results suggest that inhibition of both MAO-A and MAO-B is required for the eventuation of the anxiolytic effect resulting from chronic MAOI treatment.
An analytic expression for the first shell of the radial distribution function

A simple analytical expression for the first shell of the radial distribution function (RDF) is proposed. This expression, which has only three adjustable parameters, satisfies all the limiting cases of the hard-sphere RDF at high temperatures, the ideal gas RDF at zero density, the dilute-gas RDF at low densities, and the location of the peak in the first shell. The only requirement is the introduction of a potential function into the model. This theory has been applied to the Lennard Jones, Kihara, and square-well pair intermolecular potential energy functions. The first-shell RDF results are in good agreement with the available computer simulation data for the RDF of the Lennard Jones fluid and the experimental data for argon. By introducing the radius of truncation for the RDF, it is shown that information on the first shell of the RDF is sufficient to predict macroscopic properties of fluids. Calculations of radii of truncation of RDF for various properties indicate that they are always in the range of the first shell of RDF.
Oil Spill Response Planning in Developing Countries

ABSTRACT Standards adopted in North America, Europe, and by most major oil companies are being broadly applied to regions around the globe that have either not developed their own standards or have standards that allow for a broad range of interpretation. An umbrella plan allows a company or agency to document policies, overall response organization and operations, and regulatory compliance. The site-specific plans are the hands-on, operational guides to initial responders. The planning strategy of using combined umbrella plans and local area plans is now in use on projects in Africa, Russia, Middle East, and SE Asia. If applied consistently on a regional basis, the resulting plan framework can provide companies and governments with detailed tactical plans in many developing parts of the world.
Counting and locating the solutions of polynomial systems of maximum likelihood equations, I

In statistical inference, mixture models consisting of several component subpopulations are used widely to model data drawn from heterogeneous sources. In this paper, we consider maximum likelihood estimation for mixture models in which the only unknown parameters are the component proportions. By applying the theory of multivariable polynomial equations, we derive bounds for the number of isolated roots of the corresponding system of likelihood equations. If the component densities belong to certain familiar continuous exponential families, including the multivariate normal or gamma distributions, then our upper bound is, almost surely, the exact number of solutions.
Clothing, Sex of Subject, and Rape Myth Acceptance as Factors Affecting Attributions about an Incident of Acquaintance Rape:

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of victim's clothing, sex of subject, and rape myth acceptance on attributions concerning an incident of acquaintance rape. Subjects were male a...
A shear-lag model for a broken fiber embedded in a composite with a ductile matrix

A shear-lag model has been developed for the prediction of stress recovery in a broken fiber embedded in a ductile-matrix composite. The model builds on the original shear-lag model of (Cox HL. Br J Appl Phys 1952;3:72‐9) by introducing plasticity constitutive behavior into the matrix. The matrix is assumed to be an elastic/perfectly-plastic material that deforms according to J2 flow theory. The use of a flow rule to govern the matrix deformation in this model diAers from previous attempts to represent plasticity in the matrix. A non-linear partial diAerential equation is obtained from the model. Numerical solutions to the equation are obtained and compared to simpler shear-lag models which assume sliding at the fiber/matrix interface controlled by a uniform shear stress. Axisymmetric finite-element calculations were done to assess the validity of the shear-lag model. It proves to be in good agreement with the finite-element analysis. Predictions of the shear-lag calculations suggest that the global load-sharing (GLS) strength model of (Curtin WA. J Am Ceram Soc 1991;74:2837‐45) is valid for a composite with a yielding matrix that is elastically rigid. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of temperature on the biochemistry of the testis.

In most mammalian species, including human, the male gonads are located outside the body cavity in a highly specialized skin pouch — the scrotum. Generally, the scrotal and testicular temperatures are below the core body temperature, although the differences between abdominal and testicular temperatures vary among species 8.3 -8.5°C in the rat and mouse to approximately 2°C in the rhesus monkey (Harrison and Weiner, 1948). The lower temperature is of great importance for the maintenance of normal testicular functions, particularly the process of spermatogenesis. Clearly, the existing mechanisms for controlling testicular temperature must have developed through evolutionary processes to assure the survival of the species; however, the reason as to why nature chose this particular form of adaptation is not clear.
A quasi renewal process and its applications in imperfect maintenance

This paper proposes a quasi renewal process, and its application in maintenance theory is discussed. The properties of this quasi renewal process are studied and its renewal function is derived. Three imperfect maintenance models are proposed and they model imperfect maintenance in a way that, after maintenance, the lifetime of a unit will decrease to a fraction of its immediate previous one. According to the theory of the quasi-renewal process developed in this paper, the expected maintenance cost rate and availability are obtained and optimum maintenance policies are discussed for these three models. Finally, a class of related optimization problems is discussed and a numerical example is presented
Nursery school personality and political orientation two decades later

The present study reports on the personality attributes of nursery school children who two decades later were reliably stratiWed along a liberal/conservative dimension. An unprecedented analytical opportunity existed to evaluate how the political views of these young adults related to assessments of them when in nursery school, prior to their having become political beings. Preschool children who 20 years later were relatively liberal were characterized as: developing close relationships, self-reliant, energetic, somewhat dominating, relatively under-controlled, and resilient. Preschool children subsequently relatively conservative at age 23 were described as: feeling easily victimized, easily oVended, indecisive, fearful, rigid, inhibited, and relatively over-controlled and vulnerable. IQ during nursery school did not relate to subsequent liberalism/conservatism but did relate in subsequent decades. Personality correlates of liberalism/conservatism for the subjects as young adults were also reported: conservatives were described in terms congruent with previous formulations in the literature; liberals displayed personality commonalities but also manifested gender diVerences. Some implications of the results are brieXy discussed.  2005 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Spectroscopy and crystal-field analysis for Nd3+ in GdLiF4

Abstract Spectroscopic results are presented and crystal-field parameters are determined for Nd 3+ in the new laser crystal GdLiF 4 . We take the unusual approach of expanding the crystal field in terms of operators transforming as irreducible representations of the T d group. This allows us to directly interpret the parameters in terms of a point-charge structural model. The traditional B kq parameters are then obtained via a linear transformation. Their values are nearly identical to those for Nd 3+ in YLiF 4 . The slightly weaker crystal field for GdLiF 4 suggests a dilation of the lattice caused by the larger ionic size of Gd 3+ as compared to Y 3+ .
Rapid Biologically-Inspired Scene Classification Using Features Shared with Visual Attention

We describe and validate a simple context-based scene recognition algorithm for mobile robotics applications. The system can differentiate outdoor scenes from various sites on a college campus using a multiscale set of early-visual features, which capture the "gist" of the scene into a low-dimensional signature vector. Distinct from previous approaches, the algorithm presents the advantage of being biologically plausible and of having low-computational complexity, sharing its low-level features with a model for visual attention that may operate concurrently on a robot. We compare classification accuracy using scenes filmed at three outdoor sites on campus (13,965 to 34,711 frames per site). Dividing each site into nine segments, we obtain segment classification rates between 84.21 percent and 88.62 percent. Combining scenes from all sites (75,073 frames in total) yields 86.45 percent correct classification, demonstrating the generalization and scalability of the approach
Effect of epinephrine on lidocaine clearance in vivo: a microdialysis study in humans.

BackgroundLocal anesthetic nerve block prolonged by epinephrine is thought to result from local vasoconstriction and consequent decreased local anesthetic clearance from the injection site. However, no study has yet confirmed this directly in humans by measuring tissue concentrations of local anesth
Gastric pacing for severe gastroparesis in a heart–lung transplant recipient

Gastroparesis is a serious complication of lung and heart-lung transplantation that can lead to malnutrition, gastroesophageal reflux, aspiration pneumonia and deteriorating lung function. Some patients with severe gastroparesis have symptoms that are refractory to dietary modifications and gastric promotility agents and require surgery. We describe the successful use of gastric pacing for the management of intractable gastroparesis, malnutrition and recurrent aspiration in a heart-lung allograft recipient. Lung transplant recipients with severe gastroparesis may benefit from gastric pacing.
A low-complexity iterative mimo sphere decoding algorithm

In this work we present an iterative multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) sphere decoding algorithm based on a proposed Constrained Metric-first search. The search strategy minimizes the number of required iterations as well as the variation in the number of iterations while overcoming the conventional metric-first memory requirements. Further complexity reduction is achieved through the use of a simplified distance norm and sorted QR-decomposition. The proposed algorithm is shown to be better suited for early termination schemes employed to guarantee high throughput as compared to traditional sequential sphere decoding. The decoder is synthesized to a standard TSMC 65nm CMOS process and shown to guarantee 750 Mbps throughput for a 4×4 16-QAM setup with close-to ML (Maximum Likelihood) performance and lower complexity than published decoders.
The evolution of inducible defence.

Defences against parasites are characterized by inducible, amplifiable responses, often with a memory component. Inducible defences with similar properties are common in a variety of other types of interactions, for example many aquatic invertebrates produce inducible structural defences against their predators and competitors. Most inducible defences have the following properties: (1) a threshold of activation; (2) an amplification of response with increasing stimulus; (3) a memory component. Specificity, amplification and memory are the basis for defining a defence as ‘immune’ (Klein, 1982), and these properties are present in both the vertebrate and invertebrate internal defence responses to pathogens. Invertebrates differ in the absence of immunoglobulins and therefore in reduced specificity. Although the reduced specificity of invertebrate internal defence systems is often viewed as proof of their ‘primitiveness’, the differences in defence systems of vertebrates and invertebrates may be more related to their respective selection regimes than to phylogeny. The syngeneic recognition system of vertebrates functions to recognize small departures from self, such as would arise from neoplasia. Are vertebrates under more intense selection from neoplasia, perhaps due to a greater incidence of hormonal imbalance or hypersensitivity reactions? The invertebrate internal defence systems are all less discriminating than the vertebrate, but there are marked differences in degree of discrimination depending on whether the group is colonial or not. Even the phyla of colonial animals with quite simple body plans, the sponges and cnidarians, have a more discriminating recognition system than the phyla of solitary animals with more complex body plans, such as the molluscs and arthropods. The primary effectors of all invertebrate responses to parasites are encapsulation and phagocytosis, although in some phyla there are specific antibacterial proteins that can also be induced. A primary effector of the vertebrate immune system is also based on phagocytosis, but is mediated largely by immunoglobulins. Although memory is a widespread property of inducible defence systems, the mechanisms, underlying memory components are unknown except in the vertebrate immune response. The function and adaptiveness of many of these accelerated or amplified second-set responses remain unclear, although it is tempting to conclude that a memory component is a beneficial adaptation to multiple, intermittent stimuli. From this review I conclude that the conditions that favour the evolution of inducible defences include: (1) an intermittent, unpredictable selective regime; (2) selection for a ‘camouflaged’ defence, to slow parasite counter-adaptation; (3) reliable cues and (4) high costs of defence.
Reflections on the use of electronic health record data for clinical research

The adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) offers the potential to improve the delivery, quality, and continuity of clinical care, but widespread use has not yet occurred. In this article, we describe our use of clinical (production) data that were derived from outpatient and inpatient visits at a university teaching hospital for clinical research, a use for which the data and their structure were not originally designed. Similar data exist at many outpatient and inpatient clinical facilities, and we believe that our insights are relevant to electronically captured medical data regardless of their origin. We describe the approaches taken to ensure compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and to leverage the vast stores of structured and unstructured data that are currently underused. We conclude by reflecting on what we would have done differently and by making recommendations to streamline the process.
Probability and delay discounting of hypothetical sexual outcomes

The present study used the discounting procedure to characterize choice behaviors regarding hypothetical sexual outcomes. Eighty-six adult undergraduate students completed computerized delay and probability discounting tasks concerning hypothetical money and hypothetical sexual activity. Consistent with other discounting findings, hyperbolic and hyperbola-like decay models described individual and group median indifference point data well. These findings contribute to a growing literature on the relevance of the discounting procedure to decision-making processes and suggest that the discounting procedure may be useful for understanding the processes that underlie social problem behaviors associated with impulsive sexual decisions.
Surnames in the Study of Human Biology

Use of surname analysis in human population biology depends on surnames being inherited like genes. In societies that meet this condition, communities with a few surnames at high frequency are the more inbred ones, and marriages between persons of the same surname can be used to estimate rates of inbreeding. Furthermore, the degree of commonality of the surnames of two communities estimates their biological relationship provided that any two persons of the same surname derived it from a common ancestor and that virilocal and uxorilocal migration is equal. Although the assumptions are only partially met, the surname method yields results which correlate with the amount of marital migration and with geographical and historical features. Rare surnames meet the assumptions better than common ones. Documents, both old and new, yield surnames of large numbers of people which can easily be analyzed to show the cumulative effect of marital migration since the establishment of surnames (in England in the Middle Ages). Surnames thus serve to delineate the breeding structure of some human populations over a longer span of time than is usually possible with pedigrees, over a more definite span of time than in genetic studies, and more easily in broad surveys than alternative methods. [isonymy, surnames, inbreeding, coefficient of relationship, England]
Inhibition of Larval Development and Egg Production in the Boll Weevil Following Ingestion of Ecdysone Analogues

Adult female Anthonomus grandis Boheman became permanently infecund, but males were not affected, when fed various analogues of ecdysone. A trihydroxy, 6-keto steroid was found to be particularly effective and was evaluated extensively as a female chemosterilant. Egg production was suppressed when females fed for only 6 days on diet containing the trihydroxy compound. None of the weevils died, and there was little recovery of fertility High temperatures during treatment and addition of a synergist to the diet favored the sterilizing action. The combined effects of γ-irrardiation and steroid treatment were not completely additive, an indication that the 2 sterilizing agents acted on a common target. Also, the steroid seemed to antagonize the action of the chemosterilant busulfan (1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate) when both were given in the diet of the adults. When given in the larval diet, 3 ppm of the trihydroxy steroid lowered the yield of adults, and 10 ppm almost eliminated the formation of adults. Deformities occurred at all stages of development.
Earnings Forecasts And Institutional Demand For Common Stock

Given that institutional investors now control over 50% of the equity funds in the market, it is important to understand the factors that influence their investment choices. A factor widely believed to influence institutional investment is analysts forecasts of future earnings performance. This paper investigates the ownership vs. earnings relationship using a number of different model specifications. The findings indicate that contrary to the generally accepted wisdom, there is little empirical evidence indicating that institutional investors are influenced by analysts forecasts. Even within the sub-sample of those firms where the analysts are most in agreement, the relationship between the change in institutional ownership and analysts forecasts is insignificant. These results persisted across the six year time period investigated.
Living with Diabetic Retinopathy: The Patient’s View

Although many of us can understand diabetic retinopathy from a scientific, rational view, this chapter takes us deeper into the personal experience of having diabetic retinopathy. It explores some of the fears, uncertainties, and hope from people who have diabetes, including my own. Like some of you reading this chapter, I am a researcher motivated by improving diabetes. Not unlike the bee, I am also in the unique position of having insulin-dependent diabetes myself since the age of 12. This dual role of researcher and patient gives me the opportunity to narrate the complex relationship of living a life with diabetes and a complication of diabetic retinopathy, while maintaining an active research agenda with diabetes.
Appraisal and the FBI Files Case: For Whom Do Archivists Retain Records?

American Friends Service Committee et al. v. William H. Webster, et al., commonly known to archivists as the FBI files case, illustrates appraisal challenges that should concern all archivists. The author relates the history of the case and reviews archival appraisal literature. In particular, she explains how the case illustrates a need to reevaluate appraisal philosophy that considers the evidential needs of government before the informational needs of the general public.
Centimeter-Range Inductive Radios

This chapter describes the fundamental principles of cm-range wireless telemetry through inductive links and provides insight in regards to the methods of analysis, choice of modulation schemes, carrier frequencies, and coil design. After presenting simplified models for the inductance and mutual coupling of conductive loops, the inductive link equivalent network is derived to be used for analysis of inductive data links. Different carrier-based modulation schemes such as amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), and phase-shift keying (PSK) are discussed for near-field simultaneous data and power transmission in different applications such as implantable microelectronic devices (IMDs), radio frequency identification (RFID), and smart cards. Data communication through load-shift keying (LSK) is also discussed followed by presenting the pulse-based schemes for low-power communication. Finally, new pulse-harmonic modulation (PHM) and pulse-delay modulation (PDM) schemes that offer high data rate in IMDs without dissipating much power on the implantable side are presented.
Is Theorizing Useful in International Law

Papers related to this article can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2606351: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2606348: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2606389Are we sure that we are not living in some corner of the universe where adding a pair of shoes to another pair of shoes gives us a total of five shoes? If so, we cannot trust any theory, in international law or elsewhere, to help us in our work. Here it is argued that empirical evidence shows an increase in subjective probability (our level of confidence) that a given theory is useful.
Experimnetal Investigations of the Lift Frequency Response at High Angels of Attack

In comparison to the numerous theoretical research reports on the unsteady nonlinear aerodynamics, there has been very few experimental data available for validation purposes; particularly, at high angles of attack (40◦ and higher). We perform experiments on an oscillating two-dimensional NACA 0012 airfoil at various reduced frequencies (0.1 ≤ k ≤ 0.9) and mean angles of attack (0◦ ≤ α0 ≤ 65◦) that undergoes a plunging motion. For each case of the mean angle of attack, the plunging motion is performed with a small amplitude at different frequencies to determine the frequency response of the dynamics. The objective is to assess the effects of the mean angle of attack on the flow dynamics and determine specific aspects associated with unsteady motions at high values of the angle of attack and the reduced frequency.
Epidemic features of mumps in Kaifeng City from 2008-2012

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Kaifeng City,and provide theoretical basis and scientific guidance for mumps control by EPI.[Methods]The epidemic data of mumps collected from 2008-2012 through China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were retrospectively analyzed by Excel 2003. [Results] A total of 5 221 mumps cases were reported in Kaifeng from 2008-2012,with annual incidence rate of 22. 126 6 /100 000. The urban incidence was higher than rural incidence. Mumps cases were reported throughout the year,the high incidence appeared in April-July,male cases more than female cases,most cases were children aged 4-10 years.[Conclusion]Prevention is very important for mumps control. It is the most effective and economic way to prevent and control mumps by vaccination. Therefore,to enhance the coverage of mumps vaccination is very necessary in mumps epidemic season.
Flexible Linker Modulates Glycosaminoglycan Affinity of Decorin Binding Protein A

Decorin binding protein A (DBPA) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding adhesin found on the surface of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi), the causative agent of Lyme disease. DBPA facilitates bacterial adherence to extracellular matrices of human tissues and is crucial during the early stage of the infection process. Interestingly, DBPA from different strains (B31, N40, and PBr) show significant differences in GAG affinities, but the structural basis for the differences is not clear. In this study, we show that GAG affinity of N40 DBPA is modulated in part by flexible segments that control access to the GAG binding site, such that shortening of the linker leads to higher GAG affinity when analyzed using ELISA, gel mobility shift assay, solution NMR, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Our observation that GAG affinity differences among different B. burgdorferi strains can be attributed to a flexible linker domain regulating access to the GAG-binding domain is novel. It also provides a rare example of how neutral amino acids and dynamic segments in GAG binding proteins can have a large influence on GAG affinity and provides insights into why the number of basic amino acids in the GAG-binding site may not be the only factor determining GAG affinity of proteins.
Bounded Rationality in the Twenty-First Century

This chapter traces the parallel development of the constructs of bounded rationality in economics and cognitive capacity in psychology. Both perspectives led to the study of cognitive biases, the interdisciplinary field of behavioral economics, and artificial intelligence products that solved some of the original problems but created new and similar ones. The role of emotions in ideally rational decision processes also motivated the study of cognitive workload and fatigue in financial decision making, which is the primary focus of this book. The chapter concludes with elementary constructs of nonlinear dynamical systems theory that are intrinsic to the theory of cognitive workload and fatigue that is articulated in Chap. 2.
Influence of Introduction History on Genetic Variation in Introduced Populations: A Case Study of Oregon Chub

AbstractPopulation introductions and reintroductions have become a common tool for conserving threatened species, but oftentimes introduced populations have reduced the genetic diversity compared with the source population they were founded from. Population introductions played an important role in the recovery of the Oregon Chub Oregonichthys crameri, a small floodplain minnow found in western Oregon. Unlike many introduction efforts, introduced populations of Oregon Chub were founded using large numbers of individuals (hundreds in many cases) and each population had a unique introduction history (e.g., number of founders, source populations selected, duration of the introduction effort). We used microsatellite loci to examine 13 introduced populations and their respective sources to evaluate how well the introduction program captured genetic diversity present in the wild populations. Genetic variation was reduced by roughly 25% in one introduced population, and three introduced populations showed eviden...
Lexical categories for source code identifiers

A set of lexical categories, analogous to part-of-speech categories for English prose, is defined for source-code identifiers. The lexical category for an identifier is determined from its declaration in the source code, syntactic meaning in the programming language, and static program analysis. Current techniques for assigning lexical categories to identifiers use natural-language part-of-speech taggers. However, these NLP approaches assign lexical tags based on how terms are used in English prose. The approach taken here differs in that it uses only source code to determine the lexical category. The approach assigns a lexical category to each identifier and stores this information along with each declaration. srcML is used as the infrastructure to implement the approach and so the lexical information is stored directly in the srcML markup as an additional XML element for each identifier. These lexical-category annotations can then be later used by tools that automatically generate such things as code summarization or documentation. The approach is applied to 50 open source projects and the soundness of the defined lexical categories evaluated. The evaluation shows that at every level of minimum support tested, categorization is consistent at least 79% of the time with an overall consistency (across all supports) of at least 88%. The categories reveal a correlation between how an identifier is named and how it is declared. This provides a syntax-oriented view (as opposed to English part-of-speech view) of developer intent of identifiers.
Spinal arteriovenous malformation diagnosed by gas myelography

A spinal angioma, diagnosed by gas myelography, is presented. Though situated in the medullary conus, the malformation exclusively drained to the posterior fossa. Associated posterior fossa signs and symptoms, combined with cord findings led to the clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Turbulent burning velocity of methane–air–dust premixed flames

Abstract Investigation of turbulent burning velocity (ST) of methane–air–dust premixed flames with different dust types (coal, sand and sodium bicarbonate) and dust concentrations (λp = 0–75 g/m3) were conducted at three methane–air pre-mixture equivalence ratios (ϕg = 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2) and different turbulent intensities ( u rms ′ = 0.65, 0.72 and 0.88 m/s). Experiments were conducted in a dust Bunsen burner set-up at constant pressure conditions to study stabilized premixed flames. The results indicate that based on the particle type, the variation of turbulent burning velocity with an increase in the particle concentration differs. In general, coal and sodium bicarbonate result in the heterogeneous effect of absorbing heat and releasing volatiles; whereas sand particles just absorb heat from the flame zone. The detailed time scale analysis conducted shows that the presence of particles in the concentration range considered tends to slightly enhance the cold flow turbulence whereas with the presence of flame zone, an increase in the turbulent intensity results in increasing the vaporization rate of the particles. This effects in decreasing the turbulent burning velocity of methane–air mixtures with coal and sodium bicarbonate particles at higher concentrations and turbulent intensities. Out of three dusts examined, sodium bicarbonate addition results in the lowest ST due to the release of CO2 and H2O. Between coal and sand, at fuel lean and stoichiometric conditions, ST values with coal are greater than sand due to the equivalence ratio promotion with the release of CH4. But, as the turbulent intensity increases and for ϕg = 1.0–1.2, ST values with sand becomes comparable to or greater than that of coal. Model coefficients are generated from the experimental data to estimate the turbulent burning velocity in these conditions and the results show a clear distinction in the model coefficients for gaseous and gas–dust mixtures.
Getting to know Ruby

Ruby is an interpreted, dynamically typed, object-oriented, garbage-collected programming language. Its syntax borrows from Eiffel, Ada, and Perl, and it is fully object-oriented in the spirit of Smalltalk. It supports exceptions, operator overloading, true closures, OS-independent threading, and runtime modification of classes. Ruby does not support multiple inheritance, but does provide mix-ins. Adherents of the language claim mix-ins are a more elegant solution than multiple inheritance. The Ruby interpreter is free and is available on several platforms including Windows, Linux, and MacOS. It is licensed under the GPL [3].
A Response: Rebuttal to “Digital Disaster and the Ethics of Virtual Plant Pathology”

In the April 1999 issue of Phytopathology News, Larry Stowell argues that the use of photographs and digital images as the sole source of information for a plant health diagnosis is poor practice. He then lists many negative consequences of incorrect diagnoses and cites shrinking budgets as the reason that university extension programs have adopted this technology. Digital images are new and powerful tools in disease diagnosis. Their use is not the result of shrinking budgets but rather of increased funding to explore methods that improve the speed and accuracy of current methods.
Keyboarding instruction: Comparison of techniques for improved keyboarding skills in elementary students

Using computers and keyboarding skills for written communication have been common adaptations recommended by occupational therapists which are now important for all students. We used a quasi-experi...
Eruptions in sync: Improved constraints on Kīlauea Volcano's hydraulic connection

Abstract Kīlauea Volcano is an archetype for the complex interactions that can occur between a volcano's summit and flanks. Decades of monitoring at Kīlauea have demonstrated that magma rises beneath the summit and flows laterally at shallow depths to erupt along the rift zones. Kīlauea's recent eruptions at Halema‘uma‘u and Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō mark the first time in the historic record that long-term (>1 year) eruptions have been concurrent at the summit and a rift zone, offering a new opportunity to improve our understanding of the relationship between these two segments of the magmatic system. While magma supply rate beneath the summit has been shown in previous studies to be a primary control on magmatic system pressure and eruptive activity, the role of the eruptive vent has been less clear. Our study shows that a dynamic equilibrium is maintained between Kīlauea's summit and East Rift Zone (ERZ) eruptive vent—and lava lake level fluctuations are closely coupled at the two eruption sites—providing new constraints on the hydraulic connection and ERZ conduit. We show that localized changes at the ERZ eruption site during 2010–2011 regulated summit behavior in an uprift direction over distances of ∼20 km. Changes in the elevation and efficiency of the ERZ vent affect pressure in Kīlauea's magmatic system and impact summit behavior. Thus, the hydraulic connection between the summit and rift zone is a “two-way street” that transmits both downrift- and uprift-directed changes. Our results support recent work at other volcanoes that shows a complex interplay between a volcano's summit reservoir and flank conduit during flank eruptions, and suggest that explosive summit activity may in some cases be triggered by changes far away on a volcano's rift. These concepts were reinforced by the historic eruptive activity on Kīlauea that occurred during May–August 2018, when the manuscript was being revised.
Have U.S. Financial Institutions' Real Estate Investments Exhibited

This paper uses real estate investment data for major groups of U.S. financial institutions--- commercial banks, thrifts and life insurance companies to evaluate their investment timing performance over the 1970-1989 period. Our finding is that real estate investments by these institutions have largely been driven by ex post or past real estate returns rather than future expected returns. This apparent â¬Strend-chasingâ¬? investment strategy---of buying high and selling low---offers an explanation for the poor performance in their real estate investments. We argue that imposing market value accounting on such institutions may actually reinforce their â¬Strend-chasingâ¬? behavior.
Report of Committee on Runoff, 1943–44

The Committee on Runoff is composed of: Bertram Barnes; Merrill Bernard; Howard L. Cook; E. S. Cullings; G. A. Hathaway; C. R. Hursh; Karl Jetter; Phillip Light; Norbert H. Leupold; Charles C. McDonald; F. T. Mavis; L. K. Sherman; Waldo E. Smith; F. F. Snyder; and H. G. Wilm. During the year C. R. HURSH was appointed Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Subsurface Flow and GAIL A. HATHAWAY was appointed Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Floods. These two Sub-Committees were formed at the request of President CHURCH of the Section. HOYT and HURSH submit brief reports respectively, on flood- and drought-events and on subsurface-flow (Appendices A and B). It is expected that the Sub-Committee on Floods will interest itself not only, with the hydraulics and hydrology of so-called widespread floods but also with the hydraulics and hydrology of the local flash-flood. The Sub-Committee on Subsurface Flow will interest itself in the movement of water through the ground and into the streams.
Conformations of Saturated Six-Membered Ring Phosphorus Heterocycles. 2-Aryl-1,3,2λ5-oxazaphosphorinanes.

Assignments of cis or trans geometries of the trans- and cis-phosphorinanes (I) and (II) are made by 31P and 1H NMR combined with X-ray analysis for cis-(IIb) (R: -H) (space group Pbca with Z = 8) and cis-(IIb) (R: -Ph) (published elsewhere).
Options for and Regional Peculiarities of Investment Funding in Energy Markets

The energy sector will require huge investments over the next decades. This chapter discusses the barriers to and constraints on attracting private investment in energy projects. The pace of private investment in the power sector is influenced by three key elements. A first crucial parameter is the investment climate. In addition to that, the regulatory framework and predictability of the projects' revenues are the two single most important boundary conditions by far for successful funding of large energy projects. This chapter finally analyzes the most important instruments for attracting investments, including national and international financial institutions, capital markets, and other sources.
Magnet-Assisted Robotic Prostatectomy Using the da Vinci SP Robot: An Initial Case Series

Abstract Introduction: Tissue retraction during minimally invasive surgery has been achieved to date with patient positioning or additional instrumentation. The Levita™ Magnetic Surgical System (Sa...
Effect of Inverter Output dv/dt with Respect to Gate Resistance and Loss Comparison with dv/dt Filters for SiC MOSFET based High Speed Machine Drive Applications

Fast switching characteristic of wide band gap (WBG) devices enables high frequency switching of power devices and thereby, facilitates high fundamental frequency operation of a machine. However, with the switching transition times being in orders of tens of nanoseconds, a high dv/dt is observed across the switching device. The high dv/dt experienced by the switches, and consequently by the machine, can degrade winding insulations or bearings over a period of time. It is therefore imperative to maintain dv/dt below recommended values depending on the machine insulation. The dv/dt across the devices can be adjusted by using higher values of gate resistance. However, this introduces additional switching losses on the device. Using different dv/dt filtering techniques can also help to control the dv/dt on the machine terminals. These techniques do not increase the switching losses on the device. However, the filter circuits introduce losses in the circuit and additional costs. In this paper, an analysis based on the impact of gate resistance on the dv/dt across the machine, and the corresponding losses is carried out. In addition, a comparision is performed on the basis of efficiency between these two techniques. A SiC MOSFET based 3-phase inverter (CREE-CCS020M12CM2) is used for the analysis.
Programmable Integrated Microwave Photonics Beamforming Networks for Millimeter Wave Communications and Phased Arrays

A W-band 1×4 phased array antenna with true time delayed integrated optical beamforming network was demonstrated. Six beamsteering angles from −51° to 32° were achieved with excellent beam quality.
Dynamics of 2D, V-shaped Bluff-body Stabilized Turbulent Premixed Flames near and Away from Blowoff with Different Gaseous Fuels

V-shaped premixed flames of propane, methane, and ethylene-air mixtures were stabilized on a triangular-shaped flame holder under three different free stream turbulence levels; 4%, 18%, and 34% rms...
Lung Transplantation Using a Hybrid Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit

Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) support using intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during lung transplantation (LTx) is now a routine practice for many high volume centers. Circuits that are dedicated to ECMO alone can be expensive and do not allow full cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to be performed. We describe our technique of instituting venoarterial ECMO during LTx using a less-expensive hybrid circuit that facilitates easy and immediate conversion to full CPB if needed, without interruption of ECC.