cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are Technology Interruptions Impacting Your Bottom Line? An Innovative Proposal for Change

Background Nursing interruptions are a costly and dangerous variable in acute care hospitals. Malfunctioning technology equipment interrupts nursing care and prevents full utilization of computer safety systems to prevent patient care errors. Aims This paper identifies an innovative approach to nursing interruptions related to computer and computer cart malfunctions. The impact on human resources is defined and outcome measures were proposed. A multifaceted proposal, based on a literature review, aimed at reducing nursing interruptions is presented. This proposal is expected to increase patient safety, as well as patient and nurse satisfaction. Setting Acute care hospitals utilizing electronic medical records and bar-coded medication administration technology. Participants Nurses, information technology staff, nursing informatics staff, and all leadership teams affected by technology problems and their proposed solutions. Methods Literature from multiple fields was reviewed to evaluate research related to computer/computer cart failures, and the approaches used to resolve these issues. Results Outcome measured strategic goals related to patient safety, and nurse and patient satisfaction. Specific help desk metrics will demonstrate the effect of interventions. Conclusions This paper addresses a gap in the literature and proposes practical and innovative solutions. A comprehensive computer and computer cart repair program is essential for patient safety, financial stewardship, and utilization of resources.
The advantages and benefits of a student mutual-aid group in developing groupwork skills

There is a growing consensus in the literature that there is a crisis in groupwork education due to the limited internships that offer students the opportunity to practise with groups. In response to this crisis, the authors developed a model for teaching groupwork skills in the classroom using mutual-aid groups. This paper presents a study (n= 192) of social work graduate students who participated in the mutual-aid groups. The findings demonstrate that the majority of the students (90%) rated the mutual-aid groups as an excellent to good method of teaching groupwork skills and group dynamics.
Atomic structure of the 26S proteasome lid reveals the mechanism of deubiquitinase inhibition.

The 26S proteasome is responsible for the selective, ATP-dependent degradation of polyubiquitinated cellular proteins. Removal of ubiquitin chains from targeted substrates at the proteasome is a prerequisite for substrate processing and is accomplished by Rpn11, a deubiquitinase within the 'lid' sub-complex. Prior to the lid's incorporation into the proteasome, Rpn11 deubiquitinase activity is inhibited to prevent unwarranted deubiquitination of polyubiquitinated proteins. Here we present the atomic model of the isolated lid sub-complex, as determined by cryo-electron microscopy at 3.5 A resolution, revealing how Rpn11 is inhibited through its interaction with a neighboring lid subunit, Rpn5. Through mutagenesis of specific residues, we describe the network of interactions that are required to stabilize this inhibited state. These results provide significant insight into the intricate mechanisms of proteasome assembly, outlining the substantial conformational rearrangements that occur during incorporation of the lid into the 26S holoenzyme, which ultimately activates the deubiquitinase for substrate degradation.
The Isolation of Innovation

Charged to innovate, digital news organizations are creating intrapreneurial units by embedding startups within the newsroom. While these in-house innovation labs are intended to infuse experimentation and creativity across the newsroom, several barriers exist toward their success. This exploratory research, which features 20 in-depth interviews with news innovation leaders in the United States and Canada, examines how news intrapreneurship interfaces with three qualities of managerial change: newsroom leadership, organizational culture and innovation speed. Because of the bureaucratic nature of newsroom authority, ideas created in the intrapreneurial unit are ultimately isolated from the lifeblood of the broader news organization. The findings identify three layers of tension (executive, practitioner and internal) existing within the newsroom’s organizational structure that limits the spread of ideas developed within intrapreneurial units.
Iterative quantum-classical path integral with dynamically consistent state hopping

We investigate the convergence of iterative quantum-classical path integral calculations in sluggish environments strongly coupled to a quantum system. The number of classical trajectories, thus the computational cost, grows rapidly (exponentially, unless filtering techniques are employed) with the memory length included in the calculation. We argue that the choice of the (single) trajectory branch during the time preceding the memory interval can significantly affect the memory length required for convergence. At short times, the trajectory branch associated with the reactant state improves convergence by eliminating spurious memory. We also introduce an instantaneous population-based probabilistic scheme which introduces state-to-state hops in the retained pre-memory trajectory branch, and which is designed to choose primarily the trajectory branch associated with the reactant at early times, but to favor the product state more as the reaction progresses to completion. Test calculations show that the dynamically consistent state hopping scheme leads to accelerated convergence and a dramatic reduction of computational effort.
Money, Morality, and Masculinity: Staging the Politics of Poverty in Sanskrit Theater

Explored here is a series of rhetorico-narrative linkages in the Sanskrit play Mṛcchakaṭika (“The Little Clay Cart”), a set of associations between terms such as wealth, poverty, virtue, and crime. These connections add up to a governing sociopolitical concept, allowing us to extrapolate from the world of the Mṛcchakaṭika ’s concepts to its concepts of its world.
Are Individual Rights Possible

What are your rights? Should you or should society determine whether you can wear a brown or blue shirt to class? Let's be more provocative: should you or should society decide whether you can read that raunchy article? The answers seem obvious-at least they did until a quarter of a century ago when A. Sen ([18], [19]) analyzed this question with an axiomatic formulation. His highly disturbing mathematical conclusion casts doubt on the rights of individuals to make even seemingly trivial decisions of this type. How can Sen's conclusion, which directly confronts our daily actions, be correct? As his proof is accurate, it is understandable that his disquieting assertion continues to concern experts from mathematics, economics, philosophy, and political science, among other areas. While the response has created a sizable literature, none of the papers provides a way out. Instead, the problem has become similar to a doll made of fresh tar; the more it is embraced, the greater the mess that is discovered. In this essay, a surprisingly elementary explanation of Sen's problem is offered. (See [16] for a complete description.) It only uses only the kind of introductoiy mathematics too many students try to skip due to persistent rumors that this "busy work" might convert brain matter into mushy oatmeal. Let me explain.
Application of Voltage Power Line Monitoring System Based on GPRS

In consideration of voltage monitoring device for field data collection,voltage acquisition system of single function circumstance,GPRS power supply voltage monitoring and management system is established based on the GPRS transmission. Terminal voltage data uploaded to the voltage system,at the same time with the two major systems,scheduling in OMS system and the electric energy data acquistion to achieve interconnection voltage data to get shared comprehensive and accurate monitoring voltage data. At the same time,the system also provides all kinds of analysis methods for the technical personnel to take measures for improving the voltage as effective technical support. Application examples accurately reflects the voltage qualification rate conditions,so the system can improve the electric voltage and increase economic benefit thus further promotes lean management of voltage and reactive power grid.
Retinoid metabolism in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium

Uptake, esterification and release of all-trans-retinol in primary cultures of human retinal epithelium were studied. Cultured cells were supplemented with 3H-labelled 11,12-all-trans-retinol, using fatty-acid-free albumin as the carrier. This led to incorporation of retinal and the formation of all-trans- and 11-cis-retinyl palmitate. The metabolism of the all-trans ester was monitored in a medium containing various concentrations of foetal-bovine serum (FBS). In 20% (v/v) FBS, the ester was hydrolysed, and all-trans-retinol was released into the culture medium. In the absence of FBS, little ester was hydrolysed and no retinol was found in the medium. Dialysed or heat-inactivated FBS or fatty-acid-free albumin was as effective as FBS in provoking ester hydrolysis and retinol release. The concentration-dependency of this effect on FBS was matched by the corresponding concentrations of albumin alone. A linear relationship was also found between interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein and retinoid release. Haemoglobin, which does not bind retinoids, is ineffective in this capacity. It is concluded that lipid-binding substances, mainly albumin, in FBS act as acceptors for retinol and drain the cultured cells of this molecule. The release of the retinol is coupled to the hydrolysis of retinyl esters in the cell, so that there is little or no net hydrolysis of ester if there is no acceptor for retinol in the culture medium. This effect explains why cultured human retinal epithelial cells are depleted of their stores of retinoids when maintained in medium supplemented with FBS.
Musical Works, Improvisation, and The Principle of Continuity

This paper examines some central features of improvisational music.' I shall explain why it is impossible to find a place for such music within systems of aesthetics that treat artworks as obedient to what I shall call the principle of continuity. According to this principle, all artworks are continuants, and therefore subject to criteria of reidentification.2 A paradigm example of such a system is that of Nelson Goodman.3 Even if it is obvious that improvisational music is likely to be marginalized by this kind of system, it is still worth considering exactly why. Anyway, for some philosophers, the statement may not be so obvious.4 Either way, the main aim of this paper is not to attack Goodman's view-although I shall express an opinion on that matter at the proper time. Rather, it is to use the features of his nicely articulated system to profile what is special about musical improvisations. I shall address improvisational performances as such and not-except incidentally-transcriptions or arrangements of them for later performance, or musical works that have an improvisational origin. Jazz improvisations are our local paradigm, so I shall often key my discussion to them. While improvisational performance will be my topic, the essay should have implications for improvised material of all kinds-dramatic pieces, "performance" art, or even improvised poetry, a form of which Vasari tells us Leonardo was master. Nowadays, it is generally recognized that Goodman did not appreciate the relevance of contextual considerations to our understanding of artistic phenomena. It seems clear that two identical texts will still not represent the same poem if one was set down first in the sixteenth century, the other in the twentieth. Analogous examples can be framed for musical works and paintings.5 Among these considerations are those I shall term modal. "Modal" here has nothing to do with modal logic, but with artistic processes, as contrasted with products. It pertains to the manner in which these processes take place, e.g., in accordance with a score, spontaneously, etc. The relevance of such considerations to our topic seems natural, given the distinctive manner in which improvisational music is generated. Philosophers have suggested, quite independently of any concern with improvisation, that Goodman's categorization of the "standard" arts needs to be amplified in order to take account of modal factors.6 However, we shall see that even if we were to augment Goodman's system along these lines, it will still be hard to find a place for improvisational art in it. This essay will be developed in the following stages:
The Cultural Anthropological Contribution to Communicable Disease Epidemiology

Cultural anthropology has made four primary contributions to our epidemiologist led research group in Bangladesh. First, cultural anthropology articulates the conflict between the biomedical paradigm and the cultural understanding of target communities, affecting project choice and framing. Second, anthropologists help epidemiologists construct questions that are meaningful to respondents, while encouraging epidemiologists to frame their understanding of public health problems within a broader context of local choice; local constraints; and social, political, and cultural factors. Third, anthropologists communicate the voice of the community to the public health team in a way that biomedical scientists can understand. Fourth, anthropologists leverage their understanding of low-income communities to generate practical suggestions for public health interventions. Indeed, the contributions that anthropology can make to the public health enterprise are so substantial that epidemiologists would be shortsighted not to engage in them. A number of anthropologists have articulated benefits and barriers to collaboration between epidemiology and anthropology (Inhorn, 1995; Trostle, 2005). The objective of this chapter is to contribute to the smaller literature from epidemiologists on these issues (Behague et al., 2008; Porter, 2006) and explain how cultural anthropology has helped this communicable disease epidemiologist lead a multidisciplinary research group in Bangladesh.
Creative Problem Solving: Not Just About the Problem

This article illuminates key aspects of negotiation. First, I explore two major processes of negotiation, hard bargaining and interest-based problem solving, showing the relative superiority of the latter for tackling most micro- and macro-level conflicts. Second, I describe Relational Identity Theory as a conceptual framework to address the emotional dimension of negotiation (Shapiro, Confl Resolut Q 20(1):67–82, 2002; Am Psychol 65(7):634–645, 2010a). This theory offers an approach to building a socioemotional context conducive to constructive problem solving in the service of mutual gains. To illustrate the practical utility of Relational Identity Theory, I draw on its key tenets to analyze the obstacles and opportunities facing Northern Ireland’s government on its road to sustainable peace.
Fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy for detection of oral dysplasia and cancer

The development and progression of neoplasia in the oral cavity lead to measurable changes in the optical properties of oral tissue. These alterations can be detected using noninvasive optical techniques, potentially aiding in early detection and diagnosis. Various spectroscopic methods have been reported for detection of oral dysplasia and cancer. This chapter focuses on fluorescence spectroscopy, in which narrowband illumination light is used to excite endogenous fluorophores, and reflectance spectroscopy, in which broadband (white) illumination light is used to interrogate the elastic scattering properties and absorption properties of tissue.
2-D Multiresolution Hmm

In Chapter 4, a two dimensional hidden Markov model is defined for image classification. By assuming that the underlying state process is a Markov mesh, context information is incorporated in classification. A joint decision on the classes of all the blocks in an image is needed to classify the image optimally based on the 2-D HMM. In real life, however because of computational complexity, we have to divide an image into subimages and ignore the statistical dependence among the subimages. With the increase of model complexity, it is necessary to decrease the size of the subimages to preserve modest computational feasibility. Instead of using smaller subimages, a classifier based on the multiresolution model retains tractability by representing context information hierarchically.
NAPDD patients exhibit altered electrophoretic mobility of cytosolic 5' nucleotidase.

Nucleotidase-associated pervasive developmental disorder (NAPDD) is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal speech, behaviour, immunological and neurological function. NAPDD is associated with a 6-10 fold increase in the catabolism of 5’ nucleotides 1. 5’ Nucleotides can be degraded by a number of enzymes, including at least three cytosolic 5’ nucleotidases. These cytosolic enzymes can be distinguished by their kinetic properties (Table 1) 2. In order to determine which of the cytosolic 5’ nucleotidases may be responsible for the increased nucleotide hydrolysis, their kinetic characteristics in poly accrylamide gel electrophoresis was analyzed using the method described.
Machine learning in a graph framework for subcortical segmentation.

Automated and reliable segmentation of subcortical structures from human brain magnetic resonance images is of great importance for volumetric and shape analyses in quantitative neuroimaging studies. However, poor boundary contrast and variable shape of these structures make the automated segmentation a tough task. We propose a 3D graph-based machine learning method, called LOGISMOS-RF, to segment the caudate and the putamen from brain MRI scans in a robust and accurate way. An atlas-based tissue classification and bias-field correction method is applied to the images to generate an initial segmentation for each structure. Then a 3D graph framework is utilized to construct a geometric graph for each initial segmentation. A locally trained random forest classifier is used to assign a cost to each graph node. The max-flow algorithm is applied to solve the segmentation problem. Evaluation was performed on a dataset of T1-weighted MRI’s of 62 subjects, with 42 images used for training and 20 images for testing. For comparison, FreeSurfer, FSL and BRAINSCut approaches were also evaluated using the same dataset. Dice overlap coefficients and surface-to-surfaces distances between the automated segmentation and expert manual segmentations indicate the results of our method are statistically significantly more accurate than the three other methods, for both the caudate (Dice: 0.89 ± 0.03) and the putamen (0.89 ± 0.03).
Abrin Toxicity and Bioavailability after Temperature and pH Treatment.

Abrin, one of most potent toxins known to man, is derived from the rosary pea (jequirity pea), Abrus precatorius and is a potential bioterror weapon. The temperature and pH stability of abrin was evaluated with an in vitro cell free translation (CFT) assay, a Vero cell culture cytotoxicity assay, and an in vivo mouse bioassay. pH treatment of abrin had no detrimental effect on its stability and toxicity as seen either in vitro or in vivo. Abrin exposure to increasing temperatures did not completely abrogate protein translation. In both the cell culture cytotoxicity model and the mouse bioassay, abrin’s toxic effects were completely abrogated if the toxin was exposed to temperatures of 74 °C or higher. In the cell culture model, 63 °C-treated abrin had a 30% reduction in cytotoxicity which was validated in the in vivo mouse bioassay with all mice dying but with a slight time-to-death delay as compared to the non-treated abrin control. Since temperature inactivation did not affect abrin’s ability to inhibit protein synthesis (A-chain), we hypothesize that high temperature treatment affected abrin’s ability to bind to cellular receptors (affecting B-chain). Our results confirm the absolute need to validate in vitro cytotoxicity assays with in vivo mouse bioassays.
Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Simple Ketones via Activation of Unstrained Carbon–Carbon Bonds

Here, we describe that simple ketones can be efficiently employed as electrophiles in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions via catalytic activation of unstrained C–C bonds. A range of common ketones, such as cyclopentanones, acetophenones, acetone and 1-indanones, could be directly coupled with various arylboronates in high site-selectivity, which offers a distinct entry to more functionalized aromatic ketones. Preliminary mechanistic study suggests that the ketone α-C–C bond was cleaved via oxidative addition.
Metabolic syndrome in adults with a history of juvenile arthritis

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome in adults with a history of juvenile arthritis (JA). Methods Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we compared the characteristics of respondents with arthritis (JA vs rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) to those of the control group without arthritis. We used logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, race, and gender, to determine the ORs for metabolic syndrome. Results Obesity was increased in the JA group with 67% respondents having body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 vs 55% respondents in the no arthritis cohort (p=0.004). In unadjusted analyses, there was increased odds of metabolic syndrome in JA (OR 6.2, p=0.001) and RA groups compared to those without arthritis (OR 7.7, p=0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, and race, the odds of metabolic syndrome remained increased in JA (OR 5.2, p=0.001) and RA (OR 3.2, p=0.001) groups. Conclusion Adults with a history of JA have a significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome compared to those without arthritis. These findings are important because metabolic syndrome has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death in other populations.
Evolution of plate design and material composition

The evolution of plate fixation of fracture was accompanied by advances in metallurgy and improvement in understanding of the requirements for successful fracture healing. Locked internal fixation minimizes biologic damage and when used in conjunction with minimally invasive approaches may optimize fracture healing. Some current metal locked plate constructs may actually be too stiff, and various methods including screw modification, plate hole modification, and changes in plate material composition may provide a solution to optimize fracture healing. This paper reviews the evolution of plate design and describes the early clinical experience with the use of carbon fibre reinforced reinforced polyetheretherketone composite plates.
Stress, Illness, and Secretory Immunity

In this paper we will describe the results of a series of investigations relevant to the causal role of psychological factors in illness. We begin in describing the development of a method for allowing respondents to accurately describe their daily experiences; with the instrument in hand we then embarked on a major longitudinal study of stress and illness. The results of this study, particularly with reference to upper respiratory disease, then led us to consider the secretory immune system as the most likely mediator of the relationship between stress and respiratory illness.
How Institutions Drive Technological Development in Sustainable Energy

Entrepreneurs, corporations, and policy makers are increasingly turning to new technologies as one way to address the monumental challenges relating to world energy demands. This symposium brings together a diverse, yet related set of papers focused on the ways in which institutions shape the development of new technologies aimed at addressing these energy challenges. Although emerging technologies represent promising solutions to the challenges of developing a sustainable future, to be effective, they must be widely diffused and implemented as intended. The process of technological development, diffusion, and implementation relies not only on the underlying science, but on the social processes that shape technological development. As such, it is critical to understand how the institutional environment shapes technological development in this sector. The papers in this session are firmly anchored in organization theory and incorporate rich data sets to investigate a critical issues central to technologica...
Experimental analysis of the effects of atmospheric parameters on performance of an optical communication link

Performance of free-space optical communication links can be affected by spatial and temporal fields of the refractive index created by atmospheric turbulence. They result in wave front distortions and lead to performance degradation, which can be expressed quantitatively by reduction of the signal power and increase of the bit-error-rate (BER). Under severe turbulence conditions, these effects can be profound even in short-range links. While it is impossible to obtain closed-form solutions for instantaneous realizations of wave front distortions, several spectral models of atmospheric turbulence can be used to study statistical properties of the refractive index fluctuations and to find the scintillation index. This analysis can be further expanded to include communication performance of free-space optical links. From a practical stand point, it would be very beneficial to find a relationship between the expected system performance and specific variables responsible for wave front distortions, such as air temperature and pressure, temperature gradient, wind speed, cross wind, net radiation, soil-heat flux, etc. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study and subsequent analysis that mathematically justifies some of these relationships after conducting a series of tests over an extended time period. This measurement data was obtained for a free-space laser communication link established between two fixed-point terminals and designed for transmitting a data stream using 1550 nm as the operating wavelength.
Using biased sampling data to model the distribution of invasive shot-hole borers in California.

The invasive shot-hole borers (ISHB), Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Euwallacea spp. and their ambrosial fusaria symbionts were first detected in Southern California in 2003 and have since caused dieback and tree mortality in urban, agricultural, and natural environments. This research assesses the relative predictive ability of distribution models for ISHB. A series of 100-m resolution models were developed using the Maxent modeling tool to test the effects of three main parameters: length of sampling period, spatial extent, and spatial filtering. Five chronologically cumulative sampling periods, simulating stages of invasion, were used to train the models. To evaluate model predictions, we used independent test records from the 2012–2016 sampling period, as well as presence and absence data collected via 2018 field surveys. Testing the models against both datasets demonstrated that as length of sampling period increased, prediction errors decreased, and overall accuracy improved for predictions of ISHB host occurrence. All models achieved high presence-only, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCPO) values > 0.93 and correctly classified 87.7 ± 18.8% of independent test records, indicating high model performance regardless of the degree of temporal bias. Spatial filtering produced more discriminating results without compromising model sensitivity to test records. Sensitivity was consistently higher for models that used the larger spatial extent (state of California), which suggests that for an emerging species, larger backgrounds may produce less discriminating predictions. The relative contribution of the top environmental predictor variables, including minimum temperature of the coldest month, percent impervious surface, isothermality, and dry-season normalized difference vegetation index, differed according to the modeled spatial extent. Regardless of the parameters used, the study finds that ISHB distribution models reliably identified areas vulnerable to infestation. Such predictions, particularly those early in the study period, may have aided early containment and detection efforts.
Mood Management: Theory, Evidence, and Advancements.

This chapter lays out the basics of mood management theory and describes related empirical research. It also aims to pinpoint some gaps and inconsistencies in the existing evidence to inspire future empirical work. For instance, many studies that have been linked to the mood management framework did not precisely look at moods or content choices as postulated by the theory, or they tested hypotheses that were not included in the original theoretical claim. On the other hand, some of the original suggestions have only rarely been investigated in rigorous terms. Furthermore, some recent advancement from studies on mood-based media choices and related motivations are discussed, especially inasmuch as they help to address challenges from empirical findings to the original theory.
Brachial Plexus Tolerance to Single-Session SAbR in a Pig Model.

Purpose The single-session dose tolerance of the spinal nerves has been observed to be similar to that of the spinal cord in pigs, counter to the perception that peripheral nerves are more tolerant to radiation. This pilot study aims to obtain a first impression of the single-session dose-response of the brachial plexus using pigs as a model. Methods and Materials Ten Yucatan minipigs underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for treatment planning, followed by single-session stereotactic ablative radiotherapy. A 2.5-cm length of the left-sided brachial plexus cords was irradiated. Pigs were distributed in 3 groups with prescription doses of 16 (n = 3), 19 (n = 4), and 22 Gy (n = 3). Neurologic status was assessed by observation for changes in gait and electrodiagnostic examination. Histopathologic examination was performed with light microscopy of paraffin-embedded sections stained with Luxol fast blue/periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome. Results Seven of the 10 pigs developed motor deficit to the front limb of the irradiated side, with a latency from 5 to 8 weeks after irradiation. Probit analysis of the maximum nerve dose yields an estimated ED50 of 19.3 Gy for neurologic deficit, but the number of animals was insufficient to estimate 95% confidence intervals. No motor deficits were observed at a maximum dose of 17.6 Gy for any pig. Nerve conduction studies showed an absence of sensory response in all responders and absent or low motor response in most of the responders (71%). All symptomatic pigs showed histologic lesions to the left-sided plexus consistent with radiation-induced neuropathy. Conclusions The single-session ED50 for symptomatic plexopathy in Yucatan minipigs after irradiation of a 2.5-cm length of the brachial plexus cords was determined to be 19.3 Gy. The dose-response curve overlaps that of the spinal nerves and the spinal cord in the same animal model. The relationship between the brachial plexus tolerance in pigs and humans is unknown, and caution is warranted when extrapolating for clinical use.
Link-level travel time measures-based level of service thresholds by the posted speed limit

Abstract Macroscopic parameters, such as density, volume-to-capacity ratio, and speed, are traditionally used to assess the level of service (LOS) of freeway/expressway or arterial road links. Capturing real-world data pertaining to these macroscopic parameters for all the links in the transportation network is expensive, tedious, and challenging. Additionally, density and volume-to-capacity ratio are not easily perceived by the commuters. Recent trends indicate that large-scale travel time data can be collected anonymously and without the use of field technicians, through global positioning systems (GPS), sensors, smartphones with apps, and other technological devices. The focus of this research is to develop link-level travel time measures-based LOS thresholds for urban areas, using large-scale travel time data from a private data source. The posted speed limit for each selected link in the city of Charlotte, North Carolina was integrated with the raw travel time data for the corresponding link. Travel time measures such as the average travel time, the 95th percentile travel time (planning time, PT), the planning time index (PTI), and the buffer time index (BTI) were computed and categorized by the posted speed limit of each selected link. The relationships between estimated speeds from the regional network model and computed travel time measures were then examined to develop LOS thresholds at link-level by the posted speed limit.
‘Sustainable’ Discourse: A Critical Analysis of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:

Sustainability is a catchphrase in contemporary theory and practice of international development. It has become an epicentre of development debate following the adoption of the Sustainable Developm...
The structure of the Thermococcus gammatolerans McrB N-terminal domain reveals a new mode of substrate recognition and specificity among McrB homologs

McrBC is a two-component, modification-dependent restriction system that cleaves foreign DNA-containing methylated cytosines. Previous crystallographic studies have shown that Escherichia coli McrB uses a base-flipping mechanism to recognize these modified substrates with high affinity. The side chains stabilizing both the flipped base and the distorted duplex are poorly conserved among McrB homologs, suggesting that other mechanisms may exist for binding modified DNA. Here we present the structures of the Thermococcus gammatolerans McrB DNA-binding domain (TgΔ185) both alone and in complex with a methylated DNA substrate at 1.68 and 2.27 A resolution, respectively. The structures reveal that TgΔ185 consists of a YT521-B homology (YTH) domain, which is commonly found in eukaryotic proteins that bind methylated RNA and is structurally unrelated to the E. coli McrB DNA-binding domain. Structural superposition and co-crystallization further show that TgΔ185 shares a conserved aromatic cage with other YTH domains, which forms the binding pocket for a flipped-out base. Mutational analysis of this aromatic cage supports its role in conferring specificity for the methylated adenines, whereas an extended basic surface present in TgΔ185 facilitates its preferential binding to duplex DNA rather than RNA. Together, these findings establish a new binding mode and specificity among McrB homologs and expand the biological roles of YTH domains.
10.14 – The Origin of the Natural Satellites

This chapter examines the state-of-the-art in the understanding of the origin of all the natural satellites in the solar system. Each satellite system is unique, so different processes must be invoked in the formation of each systems several of which have been proposed for the origin of the Moon. The proposals have varying degrees of uncertainties, where we are reasonably confident that giant impacts of the primary led to the formation of the Moon and Pluto's system of three satellites, but the process or processes leading to the distributions of size, density and composition of Sation's satellites remain a mystery. Another secure conclusion is that the regular satellites (those in circular, equatorial orbits) were accreted in a dissipative disk of gas, and solids, although many details remain uncertain (e.g., for the Saturnian system). Observed properties of the Jovian satellites are consistent with an extended accretion period near the end of the accretion of the planet itself where the disk was “starved” in the sense of having considuably less mass than that required to make the satellites while they were being constructed from a waving influx of mass. Formation in a dissipative disk also applies to Mars' satellites in spite of compositions that are inferred to be markedly different from that of Mars. That Neptune's irregular satellite Triton was captured most probably in its retrograde orbit by a gentle tidal disruption of a passing binary pair is also a relatively secure conclusion. Perturbations of the pre-existing satellite system around Neptune by the massive Triten as its high initial eccentricity was damped by tidal friction caused their destruction. The small satellites inside Triten's orbit are thus later generations reaccreted after being shattered, same repeatedly, both by collisions among themselves and by cometary impacts. The Uranus system is a special case because of the very high planetary obliquity. No adiabatic process has been proposed that could tilt Uranus slowly enough to pressure the small orbital inclinations of its satellites relative to the planetary equator, and a proposal of a giant collision leading to the large obliquity, possibly destroying an existing satellite system for reaccretion in a resulting equatorial disk, has not been extensively investigated. The distribution of orbital semimajor axes, eccentricities and inclinations of the irregular satellites are consistent with their having been captured from the heliocentric swarm by any of several energy dissipating processes occurring within the Hill Sphere. Close satellites of asteroids or Kuiper belt objects were most likely formed in collisions, whereas the distant satellites were probably captured by three body interactions within the local Hill sphere. Many problems remain for future investigation as we continue the attempts to place more constraints on the theories of origin of the natural satellites.
The Increasing Global Burden of Childhood Disability: A Call for Action.

* Abbreviations: AED — : antiepileptic drug SDG — : sustainable development goal Over the past 20 years, there have been tremendous reductions in early childhood mortality, largely stimulated by the United Nations Millennium Development Goals.1 With improved survival, the sustainable development goals (SDGs) shift focus to “ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being at all ages” and endeavor toward disability inclusiveness around the world, with equal access to health care and education.2 Olusanya et al,3 in their article in this month’s issue of Pediatrics , offer a sobering look at the global burden of childhood disabilities, estimating that >1 in 10 (291.2 million) children and adolescents are affected by epilepsy, intellectual disability, vision loss, or hearing loss. This is notably higher than previous estimates and likely still underrepresents the true burden of childhood disability from other conditions not included in this analysis, such as developmental delay or cerebral palsy. These data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 are important for several reasons. First, the authors of the study provide an objective and carefully measured estimate of childhood disability, which is not often included among commonly reported global health metrics. … Address correspondence to Marissa Vawter-Lee, MD, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2015, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail: marissa.vawter{at}cchmc.org
Toward a Global Urban Sociology: Keywords1:

Many cities in the Global South are structurally different from the Northern, particularly American, cities on which much of urban sociology’s conceptual apparatus has been based. Thus, depicting t...
Feasibility as a mechanism for model identification and validation

As new technologies permit the generation of hitherto unprecedented volumes of data (e.g. genome-wide association study data), researchers struggle to keep up with the added complexity and time com...
Surgery for Bladder Outlet Obstruction in the Male

The relationship between prostatic enlargement, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is incompletely understood. In the absence of urinary retention, infection, and significant bother, observation and expectant therapy may be offered to the man with LUTS. Medical therapy with α-adrenergic antagonists and 5-α reductase inhibitors may be offered to symptomatic men; however, for men developing retention, infection, signs of upper tract compromise, and failure of more conservative therapy, surgery remains viable and effective treatment option. Transurethral resection of the prostate is the “gold standard” against which all other surgical procedures are compared and is associated with durable improvements in LUTS, urodynamic indices, and QoL scores. Technological advances such as the bipolar electrode have minimized significant complications, such as bleeding and TUR syndrome. Minimally invasive, office-based procedures remain an option for selected men with BOO/LUTS.
Contrast-Enhanced Voiding Urosonography (ceVUS): Current Experience and Advanced Techniques

Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) has been used to detect and grade vesicoureteral reflux for the past three decades. Following recent regulatory agency approval of an ultrasound contrast agent for this indication, it is performed more routinely worldwide. The ceVUS technique and reflux grading are comparable to voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Many authors have shown ceVUS to be as good as if not superior to VCUG and radionuclide cystography for reflux detection and grading. The urethra and urethral pathology are also readily depicted. This chapter describes the current practice as well as advanced techniques of ceVUS.
Decay of V 49

${\mathrm{V}}^{49}$, produced by proton bombardment of chromium, has been found to be a pure $K$-capture nuclide with less than 0.05 percent ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ branching or gamma radiation; the half-life is 334\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20 days.
Intracranial Complications From Immune Checkpoint Therapy in a Patient With NSCLC and Multiple Sclerosis: Case Report.

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become an increasingly important tool in cancer treatment, revealing durable responses in several different types of tumors, including NSCLCs. Nevertheless, ICIs carry a risk of immune-mediated toxicities. There is a paucity of data for concurrent use of these agents in patients with autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Case Presentation We report a case of a man with a history of MS and metastatic NSCLC with brain metastases who had cancer progression after receiving chemotherapy, whole-brain radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery to brain lesions and was treated with the programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor, atezolizumab. He had dramatic clinical and radiographic benefit but developed a severe MS flare and neurologic decline precluding further treatment. Considerable growth of a previously radiated brain lesion prompted resection, with pathologic findings consistent with radiation necrosis and demyelination without viable tumor cells. Conclusions Although patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases, including MS, might be at an increased risk of developing immune-related adverse events with ICIs, they may also experience anticancer benefit. Intracranial disease can be challenging to accurately diagnose in a patient with MS who previously underwent radiation, as progressing lesions can be tumor growth, MS flare, or radiation necrosis.
College education and internal migration in China

Abstract In this paper, I examine the causal impact of college education on young adults' out-province migration in China using China Family Panel Studies 2010 wave data. I use the number of colleges at the province-year level to identify the effect of college attendance on young adults' later life location choice. 2SLS estimates suggest that attending college significantly increases the likelihood of residing in a different province later in life by 7.5 percentage points. A series of tests shows that the impact of college on migration is heterogenous to people's childhood location, gender, hukou origin, and occupation.
O18.4 Uncovering Risky Networks: Risk Behaviors, Sexual Partnerships, and Provider Discussions Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women (MSMW)

Background Differences in sexual networks and risk behaviors between MSM and MSMW have important implications for HIV/STI transmission networks and bridging to other populations. As most HIV/STI programming is directed toward MSM, understanding risk behaviors, healthcare provider discussions, and network factors differentially experienced by MSMW are critical toward developing targeted, efficacious HIV/STI prevention paradigms. Methods This is an analysis of a longitudinal cohort of predominantly Black/Latinx MSM in Los Angeles, California, half with substance use and half with HIV. Every 6 months from 8/2014–1/2019, respondents completed surveys evaluating the following: discussion of sexual orientation/behavior with healthcare provider in last 6 months, transactional sex, and last partnership characteristics (type, gender of partner’s sexual partners, HIV serostatus). MSMW was defined as self-reported sexual intercourse with a woman during last 6 months on two separate visits. Generalized estimating equations evaluated differences between MSM and MSMW associated with healthcare provider discussions, transactional sex, and last partnership characteristics, controlling for HIV and demographics. Results Among 431 participants across 1,258 visits, 9.3% (40/431) of participants were MSMW and 90.7% MSM. 30% of MSMW were living with HIV (12/40) compared to 52.4% (205/391) of MSM (p=0.007). In adjusted analysis, MSMW had higher odds of: not discussing sexual orientation/behavior with healthcare providers (AOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.10–4.35), unknown last partner HIV serostatus (2.19; 1.23–3.89), transactional sex (4.35; 2.27–8.36) and last partner also being MSMW (2.10; 1.10–4.02), compared to MSM. Conclusion Despite riskier behaviors for HIV/STI transmission, MSMW had lower odds of discussing these behaviors with their healthcare providers, representing potentially missed opportunities for HIV/STI screening and prevention. Additionally, MSMW had higher odds of having MSMW sexual partners, suggestive of high-risk MSMW sexual networks that may not be uncovered in routine patient-provider discussions and should be prioritized in HIV/STI interventions designed to reduce barriers and facilitate linkages to care.
An activity alert index for the detection of health disorders during early lactation

Monitoring of health disorders during early lactation is a key component in the management of dairy systems. Electronic systems that allow the monitoring of cow activity are available. Our objective was to evaluate the association between changes in activity (ACT) recorded by a neck collar and disease during early lactation in dairy cows.