cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lesions of the limbic system: their effects upon hypotheses and frustration.

The behavior of animals with hippocampal destruction is compared with that of animals with damage to the neocortex and with the behavior of normal animals in several learning problems. An emphasis is given to the study of behavioral differences on an individual basis. As a result, new interpretations are made concerning the nature of behavioral effects of hippocampal destruction based upon abnormal transfer of training between learning experiences, hypothesis behavior, its perseveration, and the contribution of regulatory systems of the hypothalamus as normally modified by the hippocampus.
Decreased adrenergic responses in lymphocytes and granulocytes in atopic eczema

The physiologic and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response to beta adrenergic stimulation in lymphocytes and granulocytes was examined in atopic eczema. These cells were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient from 10 patients with atopic eczema, and their responses were compared to 10 normal subjects. In eczema, basal concentrations of cAMP were normal in both lymphocytes and granulocytes. Lymphocyte cAMP response in eczema was decreased both to epinephrine (10-5 M) and to isoproterenol (10-5 M) but normal to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). It was also noted that the glycogenolysis response to isoproterenol was significantly less at 10-5 M in eczema, but the fall in glycogen was normal with PGE (10-5 M and 10-7 M). The inhibition of lysosomal enzyme release from granulocytes after zymosan stimulation was significantly less (p less than 0.01) in eczema with all concentrations of isoproterenol tested. There was also a decrease in cyclic AMP response to isoproterenol in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PGE1 inhibited lysosomal enzyme release and stimulated cAMP normally. In eczema, both lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes have a decreased beta adrenergic response.
Single-chip multiprocessors: the rebirth of parallel processing

After a couple of decades of excitement, multiprocessors have played second fiddle to instruction-level parallelism and uniprocessors since the early 1990s. A significant reason for the recent excitement in uniprocessors was the revolution in microarchitecture made possible by the increasing transistor resources. Once technology allowed a simple uniprocessor to be implemented on a single chip (in the mid 1980s), researchers started looking at radically different ways of implementing uniprocessor microarchitectures. The net result is that the microarchitecture of a high-performance uniprocessor today barely resembles that of one from 20 years ago. Today we stand at the doorstep of a similar revolution for multiprocessors. Semiconductor technology currently allows us to build a small chip multiprocessor, but the "multiarchitecture"--the microarchitecture of the multiprocessor--is no different from that of a traditional multiprocessor built with multiple chips. Now is the time to start to rethink the multiarchitecture of a chip multiprocessor and to come up with novel ways of building and using chip multiprocessors. This talk is an attempt to provide some initial directions towards this overall research agenda.
VHF propagation by ionospheric scattering - a survey of experimental results

A brief survey is given of results from an experimental program extending over the last five years to investigate the nature and characteristics of high-loss regular VHF propagation by means of scattering and other mechanisms in the lower ionosphere. Short-term characteristics as well as diurnal, seasonal and geographical variation of the observed signals are described. The results of pulse-determination of height of scattering, spaced-antenna and polarization experiments, and observations of realized gain of directive antenna systems are given. The dependence of the strength of the signals on path length, scattering angle and frequency is described. Considerations for communication applications are summarized.
Research on centralized and coordinate controls of multiple HVDC systems in China

As the HVDC projects in China are rapidly developing, the DC Centralized Control Center (CCC) is put forward which is considering to be built as the main site of controlling multiple HVDC systems. In this paper, four kinds of HVDC centralized control modes are proposed. The features of them are analyzed respectively. And then it is demonstrated that the power network performance can benefit from the coordinate control of multiple HVDC systems. An approach to the network data acquisition and coordinate control of multiple HVDC systems are made. Finally, the development steps of coordinate control of multiple HVDC systems are brought forward: building CCC for the multiple HVDC systems, realizing the coordinate control of multiple HVDC systems in CCC, eventually integrating the coordinate control of multiple HVDC systems into overall AC/DC coordinate control of the whole network.
The effects of a soluble polymer and bone wax on sternal healing in an animal model.

Purpose This study compares the effects of a soluble polymer hemostatic material and bone wax on sternal bone healing. Description Median sternotomies were performed on 20 New Zealand White rabbits, and sufficient polymer (Ostene; Ceremed Inc, Los Angeles CA) or bone wax (Bone Wax; Ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ) was applied to achieve bone hemostasis. After 6 weeks, sternal healing was assessed using roentgenograms, histology, and mechanical strength testing. Evaluation Roentgenograms revealed normal bone healing in the polymer-treated group and nonunion in the bone wax group. Histology showed normal bone healing in the polymer group, with fibrotic scar tissue and the absence of new bone formation in the bone wax group. Mechanical strength testing showed that polymer-treated sternal segments were twice as strong as those treated with bone wax. They had a significantly higher flexural strength (2.53 ± 0.43 vs. 1.29 ± 0.37 megapascal [MPa]; p p Conclusions The application of the polymer hemostatic material to the sternum resulted in significantly stronger union compared with the use of bone wax.
Bacterial 16S Sequence Analysis of Severe Caries in Young Permanent Teeth

Previous studies have confirmed the association of the acid producers Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. with childhood caries, but they also suggested these microorganisms are not sufficient to explain all cases of caries. In addition, health-associated bacterial community profiles are not well understood, including the importance of base production and acid catabolism in pH homeostasis. The bacterial community composition in health and in severe caries of the young permanent dentition was compared using Sanger sequencing of the ribosomal 16S rRNA genes. Lactobacillus species were dominant in severe caries, and levels rose significantly as caries progressed from initial to deep lesions. S. mutans was often observed at high levels in the early stages of caries but also in some healthy subjects and was not statistically significantly associated with caries progression in the overall model. Lactobacillus or S. mutans was found either at low levels or not present in several samples. Other potential acid producers observed at high levels in these subjects included strains of Selenomonas, Neisseria, and Streptococcus mitis. Propionibacterium FMA5 was significantly associated with caries progression but was not found at high levels. An overall loss of community diversity occurred as caries progressed, and species that significantly decreased included the Streptococcus mitis-S. pneumoniae-S. infantis group, Corynebacterium matruchotii, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus cristatus, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Eubacterium IR009, Campylobacter rectus, and Lachnospiraceae sp. C1. The relationship of acid-base metabolism to 16S rRNA gene-based species assignments appears to be complex, and metagenomic approaches that would allow functional profiling of entire genomes will be helpful in elucidating the microbial pathogenesis of caries.
Characterization and applications of serum‐free induced adhesion in jurkat suspension cells

In this study, we demonstrate that the presence of serum in different media plays an important role in inducing transient and reversible adhesion in Jurkat suspension cells. Attachment of Jurkat cells in two distinct media formulations (serum-fortified and serum-free) to untreated polystyrene (PS), plasma-treated PS, and fibronectin-coated PS was compared. Additional analysis characterized the occurrence of this transient cell adhesion, including attachment rate, reversibility of attachment, and viability and preservation of phenotype in cells during and after attachment. As a demonstration of the utility of this technique, a few applications of transiently adhering Jurkat cells are shown which would be otherwise difficult with freely suspended cells, such as increased gene delivery, confocal-based apoptosis detection, and real-time electric-field effect monitoring in Jurkat cells.
Genetics ignite focus on microglial inflammation in Alzheimer's disease

In the past five years, a series of large-scale genetic studies have revealed novel risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Analyses of these risk factors have focused attention upon the role of immune processes in AD, specifically microglial function. In this review, we discuss interpretation of genetic studies. We then focus upon six genes implicated by AD genetics that impact microglial function: TREM2, CD33, CR1, ABCA7, SHIP1, and APOE. We review the literature regarding the biological functions of these six proteins and their putative role in AD pathogenesis. We then present a model for how these factors may interact to modulate microglial function in AD.
Surface architecture of the mucosal epithelium of the cat trachea: I. Cartilaginous portion

The mucosal covering of the cartilaginous portion of the cat trachea was studied by correlated light, transmission-electron, and scanning-electron microscopy. While in some areas the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial lining is fairly smooth in contour, in other areas it contains longitudinally oriented, cilia-lined clefts. Ducts from submucosal glands sometimes open into the base of these clefts, or into funnel-shaped stomata that are lined by either ciliated or microvillus-rich cells. Specialized epithelial cells are occasionally associated with the clefts or with other regions of surface epithelium. In single sections, these cells appear to contain a cilium-lined vacuole, but serial sectioning has demonstrated that these apparent vacuoles actually are long intracellular invaginations in enormously elongated cells that extend longitudinally in the plane of the epithelium. The function of these cells is undetermined. Basal cells are attached to the lamina densa by means of hemidesmosomes that consistently lack peripheral densities; in contrast, the tall columnar cells have no hemidesmosomes.
The Social Validity Assessment of Social Competence Intervention Behavior Goals

Social validation is the value judgment from society on the importance of a study. The social validity of behavior goals used in the social competence intervention literature was assessed using the Q-sort technique. The stimulus items were 80 different social competence behavior goals taken from 78 classroom-based social competence intervention studies published between 1970 and 2000 for preschool children. Participants (N = 36) were early childhood special educators, early childhood educators, and administrators. Participants generated three distinct viewpoints concerning valued social competence behavior goals: Factor 1, reduction in negative behaviors; Factor 2, pro-social; and Factor 3, communication and good manners. Recommendations for research in the area of social competence interventions are discussed in light of these findings.
The role of sialic acid in opsonin-dependent and opsonin-independent adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to murine peritoneal macrophages.

The adhesion of listeriae to host cells employs mechanisms which are complex and not well understood. Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for meningoencephalitis, septicemia, and abortion in susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. Subsequent to colonization and penetration of the gut epithelium, the organism attaches to resident macrophages and replicates intracellularly, thus evading the humoral immune system of the infected host. The focus of these studies was to investigate the attachment of the organism to murine peritoneal macrophages in an opsonin-dependent and opsonin-independent fashion. Assessment of competitive binding experiments by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that adhesion of the organism to macrophages in the presence or absence of opsonins was inhibited (90%) by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NAcNeu). In addition, the lectin from Maackia amurensis, with affinity for NAcNeu-α(2,3)galactose, blocked binding of L. monocytogenes to host cells. Oxidation of the surface carbohydrates on the organism by using sodium metaperiodate resulted in a dose-dependent reduction (up to 98%) in adherence to macrophages. Monoclonal antibody to complement receptor 3 did not prevent listeriae from binding to mouse macrophages or from replicating within the infected cells whether or not normal mouse serum was present. Based on our results, we propose the involvement of NAcNeu, a member of the sialic acid group, in the attachment of L. monocytogenes to permissive murine macrophages.
Hippocampal-Sparing Whole-Brain Radiotherapy: A 'How-To' Technique Using Helical Tomotherapy and Linear Accelerator-Based Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy

Purpose Sparing the hippocampus during cranial irradiation poses important technical challenges with respect to contouring and treatment planning. Herein we report our preliminary experience with whole-brain radiotherapy using hippocampal sparing for patients with brain metastases. Methods and Materials Five anonymous patients previously treated with whole-brain radiotherapy with hippocampal sparing were reviewed. The hippocampus was contoured, and hippocampal avoidance regions were created using a 5-mm volumetric expansion around the hippocampus. Helical tomotherapy and linear accelerator (LINAC)–based intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment plans were generated for a prescription dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions. Results On average, the hippocampal avoidance volume was 3.3 cm3, occupying 2.1% of the whole-brain planned target volume. Helical tomotherapy spared the hippocampus, with a median dose of 5.5 Gy and maximum dose of 12.8 Gy. LINAC-based IMRT spared the hippocampus, with a median dose of 7.8 Gy and maximum dose of 15.3 Gy. On a per-fraction basis, mean dose to the hippocampus (normalized to 2-Gy fractions) was reduced by 87% to 0.49 Gy2 using helical tomotherapy and by 81% to 0.73 Gy2 using LINAC-based IMRT. Target coverage and homogeneity was acceptable with both IMRT modalities, with differences largely attributed to more rapid dose fall-off with helical tomotherapy. Conclusion Modern IMRT techniques allow for sparing of the hippocampus with acceptable target coverage and homogeneity. Based on compelling preclinical evidence, a Phase II cooperative group trial has been developed to test the postulated neurocognitive benefit.
A new visible light sensitive photoinitiator system for the cationic polymerization of epoxides

This communication reports the development of an efficient three-component visible light sensitive photoinitiator system for the cationic ring-opening photopolymerization of epoxide monomers and epoxide functional oligomers. The photoinitiator system consists of camphorquinone in combination with a benzyl alcohol to generate free radicals by the absorption of visible light. Subsequently, the radicals participate in the free radical chain induced decomposition of a diaryliodonium salt. The resulting strong Bronsted acid derived from this process catalyzes the cationic ring-opening polymerization of a variety of epoxide substrates. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 866–875, 2009
Short Fiber Reinforced Hose—A New Concept in Production and Performance

Abstract A simple extrusion process has been developed to orient short fibers contained in a rubber stock into a transverse position on the extrudate. The hardware is no more complex or difficult to use in production than conventional hose dies, which always produce a fiber orientation parallel to the flow. This axial orientation is not useful for many products, particularly hose, whereas the system described in this paper provides the proper circumferential orientation to meet the higher hoop stress. The fiber orientation occurs in response to changes in the shape of the channel in the die. In comparison to conventional cord-reinforced hose, the short fiber system offers many advantages. Processing is simplified by the elimination of the braiding or knitting step and the cover extrusion. The short fiber process is well adapted to continuous cure. Manufacturing costs are estimated to be 12% lower than those for the same process route using a conventional hose construction. Moreover, the short fiber hose c...
Development of a Reversible Vas Deferens Occlusive Device: IV. Rigid Prosthetic Devices *

Different types of rigid, reversible, vas deferens occlusive devices were developed and evaluated in 14 unilaterally vasectomized dogs. All prosthetic devices had molded silicone rubber bodies, and rigid inflow and outflow tubes. Various techniques for the removal of the vas luminal epithelium, and for the preparation of porous ceramic and etched stainless steel surfaces to encourage tissue ingrowth into the prosthetic device end tubues were attempted. The devices differed in their methods of achieving occlusion. One device used a "rotary stem valve" which had a C-section rotating mechanism; the others used the "shuttle stem valve" which possessed an occlusive element that moved transverse to the axis of flow in the device, thus occluding the device when the stem was depressed. The rotarystem valve was implanted by means of a longitudinal incision. The remaining 13 shuttle stem devices were placed in the vas using either a longitudinal or a transverse implantation. Inno case was sperm transport through the prosthetic devices obtained for more than a few ejaculations.
A Statistical Framework and Optimal Policy for Affirmative Action in Higher Education Admissions

In many countries, individuals are admitted to university based entirely on their scores on standardized tests or admission exams. Candidates from traditionally disadvantaged subgroups typically attain lower scores on these exams than the rest of the population and as a result are denied educational opportunities unless they are given preferential admissions based on some affirmative action scheme. We present a statistical characterization of the disadvantage suffered by candidates from underrepresented subgroups in the context of score-based admissions in higher education; we characterize disadvantage in terms of difference in the score distributions between subgroups. Based on this characterization, we propose an affirmative action scheme that combines the best features of preferential boosts and quotas. It ensures proportional representation of disadvantaged subgroups without having to legislate pre-fixed quotas. It also addresses multiple sources of disadvantage such as race, gender and poverty as well as the degree of each disadvantage. Furthermore, we show that our scheme is optimal in that no policy can do more to offset the disadvantage.
WESTERN UNSETTLEMENT: Transcontinental journeys, comic plotting and Keaton's Go West

As signaled by its title, Buster Keaton's Go West (1925) borrows as a template for its plot a familiar narrative of national migration and settlement, with the comic protagonist traversing a continent that in nineteenth‐century US culture was often figured as an ever receding ‘frontier’. Drawing on contemporaneous interviews, reviews and press book materials, this paper examines the ways in which Go West reworks elements of a westward migration narrative derived from popular histories and related genre forms. Made at a time when producer Joseph Schenck was touting Keaton's capacity to produce dramatically unified feature‐length films, Go West synthesizes elements of physical comedy with a sentimental story, exposing qualities of estrangement and unsettlement at the tap root of both Western melodrama and urban slapstick. Through the crossing of genres, moreover, Go West reconfigures the cultural map of the western migration plot in ways appropriate to changing conceptions of national geography in the early...
Microprisms for Chronic In Vivo Multiphoton Microscopy of Cortex

We demonstrate the use of microprisms for chronic in vivo multiphoton microscopy of mouse cortex. These prisms enable a point-of-view more typical of ex-vivo, cortical slice preparations, but in an in vivo context.
Design and Implementation of an Aerobiological Sampling System for Real-Time Characterization with a Surface Plasmon Resonance Equipped UAV

A system was developed to perform near real-time biological threat agent (BTA) characterization with a small autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Biological sensors recently reached a level of miniaturization and sensitivity that makes their integration into a UAV a feasible task. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was integrated for the first time into a small UAV platform, allowing the platform to collect and then quantify the concentration of an aerosolized biological agent in near real-time. An aerial sampling mechanism was developed for use with the SPR sensor. The collection system utilized a custom impinger setup to collect and concentrate aerosolized particles. The particles were then relocated and pressurized for use with the SPR sensor. The sampling system was tested by flying the UAV through a ground based plume of water soluble dye. This development of a real-time BTA detection system has paved the way for future work quantifying biological agents in the atmosphere and performing source localization procedures.
A Periodic Shock Load Model Incarnating Power Demand Initiative of Rolling Mill

Shock load is one of the important factors causing power oscillation.To meet the requirement in the research on power oscillation occurred in power system,a periodic shock load model that can incarnate the power demand initiative of rolling mill is built.In the built model,the dynamic model of asynchronous machine is combined with variation law of rolling mill's power demand during its actual operation,therefore an external torque that reflects the load change of rolling mill is superposed onto the load torque of asynchronous machine to simulate the initiative of shock load and the shock caused by load.Using the user-defined modeling function of Power System Analysis Software Package(PSASP),a new shock load model of rolling mill is achieved.By means of comparing the data from simulation with actual measured data of rolling mill,it is proved that the built model can be used to research the power oscillation of power system due to shock load.
Case 25-1983: A 30-Year-Old Man with Hypogonadism

Presentation of Case A 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hypogonadism. He was well until four years earlier, when diminished libido developed, followed by reduced volume of ej...
Enterovirus infection among cases with or without rash in Quzhou:a case-control study

Objective To understand the enterovirus infection among children cases with rash,and to provide evidence for the prevention of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD). Methods A total of 262anal swab samples were collected from 212 HFMD cases with rash and 50children without rash and fever.Real-time PCR was used to identify the viruses. Results The enterovirus infection rate was much higher in cases(71.70%) than that in controls(26.00%)(χ2=36.30,P0.001),in which 2.00%infected with EV71and 4.00% with CA16.Children infected with CA16or coinfected with two viruses were more likely to have rash(χ2= 33.19,P0.001).Children aged 2-3years and boys were at higher risks of enterovirus infection(χ2= 23.37,P0.001). Conclusions Occult infection of enteroviruse can be found in healthy children.The epidemiological and etiological study of HFMD will facilitate measures for disease prevention and control.
Edge Detection of Infrared Image Based on Wavelet Fractal Dimension

A new idea,taking wavelet as the staff to define fractal dimension,is proposed based on self-similitude of knowing essence of things from all to part,from macroscopy to microcosm,in fractal theory and wavelet transformation.Wavelet fractal dimension is defined as the sum of high-frequency values of decomposed signals.The edge of infrared image is detected through wavelet fractal dimension,the results show that this new algorithm is simple and effective to detect whole contour and detail information,and is better than other traditional operators.
Hemodynamic correlates of spontaneous neural activity measured by human whole-head resting state EEG + fNIRS

The brains of awake, resting human subjects display spontaneously occurring neural activity patterns whose magnitude is typically many times greater than those triggered by cognitive or perceptual performance. Evoked and resting state activations affect local cerebral hemodynamic properties through processes collectively referred to as neurovascular coupling. Its investigation calls for an ability to track both the neural and vascular aspects of brain function. We used scalp electroencephalography (EEG), which provided a measure of the electrical potentials generated by cortical postsynaptic currents. Simultaneously we utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to continuously monitor hemoglobin concentration changes in superficial cortical layers. The multi-modal signal from 18 healthy adult subjects allowed us to investigate the association of neural activity in a range of frequencies over the whole-head to local changes in hemoglobin concentrations. Our results verified the delayed alpha (8-16Hz) modulation of hemodynamics in posterior areas known from the literature. They also indicated strong beta (16-32Hz) modulation of hemodynamics. Analysis revealed, however, that beta modulation was likely generated by the alpha-beta coupling in EEG. Signals from the inferior electrode sites were dominated by scalp muscle related activity. Our study aimed to characterize the phenomena related to neurovascular coupling observable by practical, cost-effective, and non-invasive multi-modal techniques.
Leadership: Managing in Real Organizations

Leadership: managing in real organizations , Leadership: managing in real organizations , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
Conflicting perspectives on neurobehavioral theories of the depressive disorders and drug actions.

Objective A prominent theory of depression focusses on neural plasticity and stress as central issues in seeking to develop a pattern of identifiable biological markers for the depressive disorders. Relative neglect, however, of clinical factors in that theory limits the uncovering of markers and opens to question their methodological approach. A conflicting theory, the ‘opposed neurobehavioral states’, based on dimensional analysis of monoamine neurotransmitter systems and behavioural factors is presented. This perspectives paper contrasts the two approaches viewing the biomarkers theory as premature at this point in the progress of depression research. Method Studies developed to support the biomarkers theory and the opposed neurobehavioral states theory are examined for their strengths and limitations in explaining the nature of the disorder and the actions of therapeutic drugs. Reference is made to reviews of the many studies on biomarkers and the recent work that supports the opposed neurobehavioral states theory. Discussion Main issue: the biomarkers theory sets important goals, but despite the many advances in the neural investigations of factors underlying depression, is still not successful in specifying markers. Thus, it is believed to be applying the wrong methodologic approach and premature in its claims. Perspective: the ‘opposed neurobehavioral’ theory is limited in its breadth of research. It applies, however, the dimensional approach to the clinical side of the problem, a methodological approach more likely to be effective in selecting the best clinical treatment and open to a more productive path to understanding of the nature of the disorder in future research.
From Civil War to Tory Reaction

The upheavals of the 1640s transformed England’s cultural no less than its political landscape. The theatres closed and court patronage disappeared but there was an explosion of controversy in the pulpit, the press and other media. The legacy of argument and invective remained long after the Restoration; for the rest of the century memories of the Great Rebellion overshadowed the nation.
Ellen Glasgow’s Gothic Heroes and Monsters

Ellen Glasgow eschewed sentimental, late nineteenth-century Southern writing, but she became equally disenchanted with the grotesques, neurotics, and nymphomaniacs now most closely associated with the Southern Gothic. Despite fears that under its influence, literature would lose its vitality, she imbues select works of her short and early long fiction with gothic elements to explore, among other issues, social class shifts in the post-bellum South, reserving her strongest critique of Southern social and gender codes in the gothic mode for her major works, Barren Ground and The Sheltered Life. Despite inheriting a clear legacy from Glasgow’s pioneering realist efforts, Southern Gothic writers denied her credit for salvaging Southern literature from the bathos of the plantation school.
Hello from the other side: popular culture, crisis, and climate activism

Popular culture is one of the sites where this struggle for and against a culture of the powerful is engaged: it is also the stake to be won or lost in that struggle. It is the arena of consent and...
Safety considerations for UAS ground-based detect and avoid

We describe a generic mission concept of low altitude beyond visual line of sight unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations, in which a ground-based detect and avoid (GBDAA) capability is to be used. First, we discuss some of the variations in the underlying missions and their bearing on providing assurance of safety in operations. Then, drawing upon the experience gained in developing safety assurance cases for many such missions, we summarize the different GBDAA safety considerations pertinent for mission safety. Additionally, we present some of the patterns of safety reasoning that we have used in the safety cases, which take the form of abstract argument structures. The overall goal of this work is to develop an infrastructure that can guide safety assured design of future UAS missions that use GBDAA, while providing rapid feedback on overall mission safety.
Chronic Cocaine Self-Administration Potentiates the Dopamine-Induced Hyperexcitability Gated by Inhibition of KCNQ/Kv7 Channels

Cocaine addiction is a chronic, unremitting brain disorder. In a rodent extinction-reinstatement model of cocaine self-administration (SA), the ability of drug-paired cues to precipitate relapse to drug-seeking requires stimulation of dopamine receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and activation of glutamatergic transmission in the PFC to the nucleus accumbens core pathway. Here, we tested the hypothesis that spike frequency adaptation (i.e., accommodation) in PFC neurons is regulated via a dopamine-mediated closure of inhibitory voltage-gated potassium channels KCNQ/Kv7 and chronic cocaine-SA causes an enduring overactivation of this mechanism. To investigate this, we prepared brain slices from animals with a history of chronic cocaine-SA, extinction training or cue-reinstatement testing and recorded glutamatergic pyramidal cells (L5) in the current clamp and voltage clamp configurations. At 24-hours after completion of operant training, all sampled cells in tissue from control (yoked-saline and yoked-cocaine) rats displayed accommodation. In contrast, in tissue from cocaine-SA rats at 24-hours after completion of operant training, 84% of cells lacked accommodation. This neuroadaptation was enduring and evident following 14d of extinction (60% cells) or re-exposure to drug predictive cues (75% cells). In similar experiments in slices from transgenic cFos-GFP rats, the adaptation was correlated with induction of cFos. In control (but not cocaine-SA) tissue, bath applied dopamine (10 micromolar) inhibited both accommodation and IKCNQ, with no further reduction in response bath application of the KCNQ channel antagonist XE-991. Furthermore, pharmacological stabilization of KCNQ channels with retigabine restored IKCNQ in slices from cocaine-SA rats and attenuated cue-induced reinstatement when microinjected into the PFC. Thus, dopamine mediated changes in inhibitory KCNQ channels may contribute to PFC hyperexcitability following cocaine-SA.
REASONING WITH BOUNDED KNOWLEDGE

ABSTRACT Rational choice often yields counterintuitive results in finite, extensive form games of perfect information, as well as in finitely iterated noncooperative games involving simultaneous moves. Attempts to reconcile rationality and common sense include either changing the nature of the game or assuming bounded rationality. We show instead that even assuming perfect rationality, a small breakdown in mutual knowledge of rationality is sufficient to bring forth more intuitive outcomes. To assume ‘bounded knowledge” means assuming that players have iterated mutual knowledge of rationality up to any given level, but not enough to infer the classical backwards induction solution.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Treatment-as-Usual Couple Therapy for Military Veterans

Despite the fact that veterans face increased psychological and relationship distress as a result of their service-related experiences, no study to date has explored the long-term effectiveness of couple therapy for veterans. In the present investigation, 238 individuals (113 couples and 12 additional individuals) completed assessments 18 months after termination of treatment-as-usual couple therapy at two Veteran Administration Medical Centers. From pretreatment to 18-month follow-up, couples experienced significant increases in relationship satisfaction (d = 0.59) and significant decreases in both psychological distress (d = -0.31) and presence of intimate partner violence (d = -0.47). Overall, pretreatment demographic, psychological, and relationship characteristics did not significantly moderate maintenance of gains across 18 months. However, African American individuals (d = -0.58) and individuals not reporting intimate partner violence at pretreatment (d = -0.46) experienced smaller improvements in relationship satisfaction through 18-month follow-up. Further, older participants showed smaller reductions in psychological symptoms 18 months after treatment (d = 0.16). Thus, for many veterans and their spouses, treatment-as-usual couple therapy is effective at intervening in psychological and relationship distress long-term. Moreover, the long-term effectiveness of couple therapy with veterans appears to generalize across many demographic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal factors.
Flying Solo: Globalization, Neoliberal Individualism, and the Contested Celebrity of Li Na

In this article, we examine the local–global celebrity politics of former Chinese professional tennis player Li Na. We locate Li Na as representative of a growing class of Chinese celebrities who d...
Immuno-proteomic interrogation of antigen presentation during Dengue infection reveals novel and HLA haplotype-specific MHC-I antigens

Dengue (DEN) virus infection is a leading cause of hospitalization and death in the developing world and broadly effective vaccines and therapies remain elusive. Identifying infection-specific peptide antigens would open new avenues for developing T cell based interventions. Past efforts towards mapping viral antigens used computational predictions that only partially reflect actual antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). To identify DEN-specific antigens without relying on error prone predictions, we developed an immuno-proteomics approach for interrogating antigen presentation in DEN infected B-lymphocytes. This approach enabled three fundamental findings; First, we identified 86 viral MHC-I antigens (59 novel), and mapped them to presentation hotspots in the DEN genome. Second, we discovered post-translationally modified viral and host antigens and antigens derived from alternate reading frames. Predicting these antigens using computational methods alone would be infeasible. Third, we found antigens responsible for HLA-haplotype dependent immune responses against DEN infection: we genetically engineered B-lymphocytes to express HLA alleles associated with either strong or weak DEN-immune responses and identified corresponding allele specific antigens. Together these discoveries let us assay the immunogenic potentials of an unprecedented range of DEN-specific antigens. Ex-vivo assays including ELISPOT and HLA tetramer staining supported our identification of immunogenic antigens in DEN-specific CD8+ T cells. These antigens have potential as both diagnostic tools to characterize DEN-specific T cell immunity, and serve as candidates for designing effective DEN vaccines.
A Boundary Element Study of the Motion of Rigid Particles in Internal Stokes Flow

The direct boundary element method is used to study the motion of a rigid particle or particles in Stokes flow. The method couples the quasi-static Stokes equations for the fluid with the equilibrium equations for the particles. We consider the problem of Jeffery’s orbit in Couette flow. The results from our numerical calculation match those predicted by Jeffery’s theory well. It is shown that both the shape of the particle and the proximity of the bounding walls can have a large influence on the orientation state of the particle, and thus on the period. We demonstrate that the interaction between particles changes their behavior in Couette flow. We also consider particle motions through contractions and expansions. A comparison is made between the trajectories of elliptical particles and rectangular particles.
CORTICAL REPRESENTATION OF BIOSONAR INFORMATION IN THE MUSTACHED BAT

Publisher Summary For echolocation, the mustached bat, Pteronotus pamellii rublglnosus, emits orientation sounds, each of which consists of a long constant frequency (CF) component followed by a short frequency-modulated (FM) component. As each orientation sound contains four harmonics (H1-4), there are eight components (CF1-4–FM1-4). In the emitted sound, the second harmonic H2 is always predominant and CF2 is about 61 kHz. In FM2, frequency sweeps down from 61 to about 50 kHz. Echoes eliciting behavioural responses in the mustached bat always overlap temporally with the emitted signal. As a result, bio-sonar information must be extracted from a complex sound with up to 16 components. The data obtained from the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, and the mustached bat indicates that the bat's auditory system contains neural circuits that extract information-bearing elements and assemble them. It also indicates that different types of biosonar information related to different attributes of a target are systematically represented by neural activity in the separate areas of the auditory cortex.
Optimization-Based Prediction of a Soldier’s Motion: Stand-Prone-Aim Task

The objective of this study is to simulate the Stand-to-Prone-to-Aim task of a soldier using a full-body, three dimensional digital human model. The digital human is modeled as a 55 degree of freedom branched robot. Six degrees of freedom represent the orientation and position of the pelvis coordinate frame of the digital human and 49 degrees of freedom represent the revolute joints which model the human joints. Motion is generated by a multi-objective optimization approach minimizing the mechanical energy and joint discomfort simultaneously. The optimization problem is subject to constraints which represent the limitations of the environment, the digital human model and the motion task. Design variables are the joint angle profiles. Using the given method, we can predict a realistic motion for the “Stand-to-Prone-to-Aim” task. We are also able to very well predict the “Natural Point of Aim” for this task which is validated (along with other determinants of motion) and matches very closely with the experimental data which is motion captured in the VSR Lab at the University of Iowa. Inevitable transfers of weapon as an external object between the two hands have to occur in performing this task. Collision avoidance of the rifle with the hands and body during these rifle transfers is a very challenging constraint that has been implemented. These collision avoidance modules use compound primitives such as finite cylinders and finite planes whose edges are smoothed out in order to have continuous gradients for the collision avoidance constraint.
6 How to Write a Review Article

The review article is the Rodney Dangerfield of medical ­writing. Review articles get no respect, even though, as discussed in Chap. 5, they are often indexed and counted in calculating a journal’s Impact Factor. Actually, many respected academicians write review articles, for both subscriber-based and controlled-circulation journals. Why do they do so? The answer is that most academic clinicians focus on one disease, such as Parkinson disease or heart failure, and by writing review articles, they assert their claims—mark their territory—on topics such as renin levels in hypertension or advances in the surgical management of prostate cancer.
ARM VEIN THROMBOSIS

With the advent of subclavian catheterization for the supportive care of a host of diseases, the incidence of axillosubclavian vein thrombosis (ASVT) is rising. Treatment of these patients is not standard. Spontaneous ASVT usually occurs in healthy young individuals, often results in long-term disability, and warrants aggressive intervention. Catheter-induced ASVT generally occurs in older individuals with other significant medical problems.
Managing the Conflicting Interests of Workers and Shareholders: Evidence from Pension-Assumption Manipulations:

Whereas research on corporate governance typically attends to the conflicting interests between shareholders and executives, in practice executives must frequently adjudicate the demands of multipl...
Building an Environmentally Sustainable San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

In June 2016, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) completed a three-year expansion project that more than doubled its overall size. The SFMOMA expansion complies with one of the most ri...
3D Printing Technology for Vascularization

Regenerative medicine has taken the forefront in driving medical innovation over the past few decades. Encompassing a wide variety of disciplines, regenerative medicine techniques are successfully employed to repair organs and restore native tissue function. Of particular importance are tissue engineering methodologies, such as 3D printing, which are used to fabricate tissue constructs with native-like function. Vascular tissue engineering poses even greater challenges, however, because of the complex geometries and microscale structures involved. This chapter presents various 3D printing methodologies and their current applications in the fabrication of vascular tissues. In doing so, this chapter also highlights current challenges in the field of vascular tissue engineering and points to areas for future research.
Emulsion-based control of flavor release profiles: Impact of oil droplet characteristics on garlic aroma release during simulated cooking.

Abstract The objective of this research was to elucidate the main factors influencing flavor retention in oil-in-water emulsions during simulated cooking, including oil droplet concentration, oil type, droplet size, and emulsifier type. Allyl methyl disulfide (AMDS), a hydrophobic flavor in garlic that is easily lost from foods during processing, storage, and preparation, was used as a model aroma compound. The impact of droplet characteristics on the flavor retention profile of AMDS-loaded emulsions subjected to simulated cooking conditions was determined, which involved heating from them from room temperature to boiling and then holding them for 30 min. The flavor retention half-time (FT1/2) was calculated from the retention-time curves, i.e., the time for the flavor concentration to decrease to half its initial value. Based on FT1/2, the flavor retention during cooking depended on oil type: palm oil > corn oil > mineral oil. However, the mineral oil emulsions were also the most unstable to droplet coalescence during cooking. Increasing the oil droplet concentration in the emulsions increased flavor retention during cooking, but also decreased their physical stability. Based on FT1/2, the type of emulsifier used to formulate the emulsions also influenced flavor retention: quillaja saponin > Tween 80 > sodium caseinate > whey protein isolate. The emulsions that were most unstable to coalescence during cooking, and therefore had the largest droplet sizes, tended to have better flavor retention (longer FT1/2). The observed differences in flavor retention were mainly attributed to differences in the size and location of the oil droplets during cooking. These results have important implications for the design of food matrices that can control flavor retention and release during food preparation.
The effects of procedural justice on civil disobedience: evidence from protesters in three cities

A large body of research reveals that procedural justice influences compliance with the law and legal authorities in a variety of settings. Recent research in protest settings has found that proced...
Abstract 262: Circulating Exosomes from PAD Patients Modulate Vascular Repair and Inflammation

Objectives: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation. Recent work suggests that circulating exosomes may contribute to vascular injury and remodeling. We...
A Three-Port LLC Resonant Converter for Photovoltaic-Battery Hybrid System

Photovoltaic (PV) systems with integrated energy storage units traditionally have been complex and required multiple DC-DC converters. In this paper, a novel multiport isolated LLC resonant converter and a modified maximum power point tracking (MMPPT) control method are introduced to reduce complexity. The proposed topology is designed to operate under a wide input voltage range and contains an integrated bidirectional pulse width modulation (PWM) converter and a LLC resonant converter. Frequency modulation control is implemented for regulating the output voltage of the whole system while the PWM converter is controlled by the MMPPT which generates the battery current reference and PI controller. MATLAB/Simulink was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the topology.
Commentary: New Directions in the Study of PRC-Era Science

This essay offers commentary on the previous three articles regarding PRC-era science by Sarah Mellors, Chuan Xu, and Sigrid Schmalzer. It notes that by moving beyond older concerns that were cente...