cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NEXT GENERATION ENTRY GUIDANCE - ONBOARD TRAJECTORY GENERATION FOR UNPOWERED DROP TESTS

Autonomous algorithms are developed for the realtime onboard design of guidance trajectories for horizontally-landing reusable launch vehicles such as the X-34. Onboard generation obviates the need for shuttle-era pre-loaded trajectories, resulting in a host of performance and economic improvements. The general problem is one of energy management of an unpowered low Lift-over-Drag (L/D) vehicle subject to dynamic constraints. The approach takes full advantage of the vehicle's flight capability, generates Copyright © 2000 by the C. S. Draper Laboratory. Published by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. with permission. Draper Fellow. Email: agirerd@draper.com Principal Investigator. Email: gregg@draper.com guidance profiles that are intrinsically flyable and controllable, and allows an inherent abort capability. Automatic trajectories are successfully generated for a variety of flight conditions based on nominal and atypical initializations for subsonic drop tests under 40,000 ft. Furthermore, the guidance output is optimized with respect to robustness. To prove feasibility, the computer-designed trajectories will be flown in a 6-DOF X-34 simulator.
Senior Water Aerobics Make an Emotional and Social Splash

Happiness, like smoking and obesity, seems to spread from person to person in a network. As observed in a national heart study, neighbors, teammates, and friends have more influence on happiness th...
Imidazoline Receptors in Insulin Signaling and Metabolic Regulation

IRAS is a gene candidate for the I1-imidazoline receptor. Antisense oligo-nucleotides were designed and transfected into PC12 cells. Antisense transfection reduced specific imidazoline radioligand binding to plasma membrane fractions with parallel drops in IRAS protein expression. Furthermore, transfection with antisense caused functional impairment of I1-imidazoline receptor signaling without affecting basal ERK level or ERK activation by growth factors. These findings strongly suggested that IRAS encodes an I1-imidazoline receptor or at least an important subunit of it. The mechanism of insulin sensitizing effect from imidazolines was studied in the SHROB rat. Akt activation was found to be severely impaired in isolated adipocytes from SHROB. Insulin induced glucose uptake in these cells from SHROB were also similarly resistant to insulin stimulation. Chronic treatment of SHROB with moxonidine partially restored both Akt activation and glucose uptake stimulated by insulin in isolated abdominal adipocytes without affecting basal Akt activation level. These results implicate adipose tissue as a locus of insulin resistance in this model of metabolic syndrome.
Creativity, diversity, and integration: Radical change in the bachelor of music curriculum:

During 2013–2014, the Task Force on the Undergraduate Music Major of the USA’s College Music Society prepared a report entitled Transforming Music Study from its Foundations: A Manifesto for Progressive Change in the Undergraduate Preparation of Music Majors. The report is a call for increased relevance in undergraduate music studies that prepare students for leadership, adaptability, and initiative in advancing the values of music and musicians in a techno-global society. Specifically, the task force recommends that curricula derive from the three pillars of creativity, diversity, and integration, arguing that composition, improvisation, performance, and theoretical-cultural-historic music studies be taught holistically and in ways authentic to the art and practice of music itself. In addition, the report calls for greater participation by students in planning degree programs that provide trajectories in keeping with their goals and interests, and for greater nimbleness that enhances curricular adaptatio...
Legal Responses to Adolescents’ Sexual Offending

Adolescents who offend against others pose important challenges for legal systems, especially as those systems are undergoing foundational transformations. This chapter begins by detailing the key components of legal systems that address offending against others and highlighting their undergirding goals and rationales. It then examines criticisms of the systems as well as emerging reforms and efforts aiming to counter criticisms of the systems’ relative effectiveness. The general theme emerging from our discussion highlights the legal system’s general failure to take fuller advantage of empirical findings relating to adolescents’ sexual offending and the challenges of responding to the vast majority of offenses. The chapter ends with a brief look at potential legal and policy reforms that can embrace research on both adolescents’ sexual offending and on current legal responses to their offenses. The conclusion emphasizes the continued need for a broad range of approaches to adolescents’ sexual offending and for better ensuring that some goals do not come at the expense of foreclosing others if justice systems ever are going to address more effectively the wide range of offending behaviors and situations that foster them.
From Lost Woman to Third Space Mestiza Maternal Subject: La Llorona as a Metaphor of Transformation

“From Lost Woman to Third Space Mestiza Maternal Subject: La Llorona as a Metaphor of Transformation,” Larissa M. Mercado-Lopez, California State University, Fresno.
Autofluorescence bronchoscopy for lung cancer screening: a time to reflect

The National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLCST), which showed a 20% relative risk reduction in lung cancer mortality with screening by low-dose computed tomography (CT) versus plain radiography, has resulted in growing organizational and institutional adoption of this practice across the United States and Canada (1,2). The rationale behind screening for this deadly malignancy with CT is analogous to mammographic screening for breast cancer in that it entails radiological detection of cancer that has already occurred but that is still at an early enough stage such that surgical cure is a possibility. The majority of parenchymal lesions thus detected are adenocarcinomas, which are known for their predilection for the lung periphery and represent the commonest lung cancer histology in North America (3).
The cultural politics of colorblind TV casting, by Kristen Warner

Kristen Warner, The Cultural Politics of Colorblind TV Casting. New York: Routledge, 2015, hardcover $140 (170p) ISBN 978-1138018303, e-book $54.95 (748 KB) ASIN B00YY64066.
Introduction to Special Theme Section “Accounting for Climate Change: Measurement, Management, Morality, and Myth”

This special section considers contemporary efforts to account for climate change through four frames: measurement, management, morality and myth. Our introduction briefly outlines these perspectives and the relevant literature, asking: 1) How have techniques of measurement and quantification emerged from and contributed to the particular politics of the “Anthropocene”?; 2) How have our efforts to measure socioclimatic systems facilitated new techniques of socio-environmental management and, at times, worked to reshape the very systems they describe?; 3) How have accounting practices worked to both elucidate and obscure questions of morality, value, responsibility and justice?; and 4) How we might address the critique that climate science is a myth and improve understanding with greater incorporation of historical and cross cultural knowledge from human ecology, human geography and anthropology.
Herniated gyrus rectus causing idiopathic compression of the optic chiasm

Anomalies in the frontal lobe can interfere with visual function by compression of the optic chiasm and nerve. The gyrus rectus is located at the anterior cranial fossa floor superior to the intracranial optic nerves and chiasm. Compression of these structures by the gyrus rectus is often caused by neoplastic or dysplastic growth in the area. We report a rare case of a herniated gyrus rectus impinged on the optic chiasm and nerve without a clear pathological cause for the herniation.
The art and science of grazing: how grass farmers can create sustainable systems for healthy animals and farm ecosystems, by Sarah Flack

In The Art and Science of Grazing: How Grass Farmers Can Create Sustainable Systems for Healthy Animals and Farm Ecosystems, grazing consultant Sarah Flack explains a complex topic for readers who ...
Pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts locoregional control in patients with triple negative breast cancer

Abstract Purpose Our goal was to determine the impact of pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) on the subsequent risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR) and disease-free survival (DFS) in the setting of adjuvant radiation therapy. Methods and materials This was an institutional review board–approved retrospective chart review of patients with clinical stage I-III breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, local surgery (breast conservation or mastectomy), and adjuvant radiation therapy between 1997 and 2015. Medical records were reviewed for clinical stage, tumor grade and subtype, neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen, type of surgery, pathologic stage, use of radiation therapy, date and location of recurrence, and date of death. Molecular subtypes were defined using immunohistochemistry and histologic grade. ypT0 and ypN0 were defined as no residual invasive disease in breast or nodes, respectively. LRR was defined as any failure within the breast, chest wall, or regional lymph nodes. Statistical analysis was performed; LRR and DFS rates over 30 months were determined from Kaplan-Meier plots. Results Ninety-four patients with TNBC were analyzed, of whom 72 received radiation therapy. This subgroup was isolated for further investigation. Median follow-up was 32.5 months in this group. The pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was 36%, and presence or absence of disease in breast and/or nodes was significantly predictive of LRR. In TNBC patients who received radiation therapy, 30-month LRR was 22% in 41 patients with ypT+ versus 0% in 31 patients with ypT0 (P = .003), 23% in 31 patients with ypN+ versus 5% in 41 patients with ypN0 (P = .016), and 20% in 46 patients with residual disease in breast or nodes versus 0% in 26 patients with pCR (P = .015). The difference in the rate of LRR between those who underwent lumpectomy versus mastectomy did not reach significance (8% vs 17%, respectively). Furthermore, patients with residual disease had a higher rate of DFS events (hazard ratio, 3.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-9.41; P = .006). The difference in DFS was not significantly associated with the type of surgery received. Conclusions Patients with TNBC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy who have residual disease in the breast or lymph nodes at the time of surgery have significantly higher rates of locoregional failure and lower DFS compared with those with a pCR despite the use of adjuvant radiation therapy. Strategies to intensify therapy for patients with residual disease warrant further investigation.
2D THz-THz-Raman Photon-Echo Spectroscopy of Molecular Vibrations in Liquid Bromoform

Fundamental properties of molecular liquids are governed by long-range interactions that most prominently manifest at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Here we report the detection of nonlinear THz photon-echo (rephasing) signals in liquid bromoform using THz-THz-Raman spectroscopy. Together, the many observed signatures span frequencies from 0.5 to 8.5 THz and result from couplings between thermally populated ladders of vibrational states. The strongest peaks in the spectrum are found to be multiquantum dipole and 1-quantum polarizability transitions and may arise from nonlinearities in the intramolecular dipole moment surface driven by intermolecular interactions.
Indoor air pollution and cognitive function among older Mexican adults

Background A growing body of research suggests exposure to high levels of outdoor air pollution may negatively affect cognitive functioning in older adults, but less is known about the link between indoor sources of air pollution and cognitive functioning. We examine the association between exposure to indoor air pollution and cognitive function among older adults in Mexico, a developing country where combustion of biomass for domestic energy remains common. Method Data come from the 2012 Wave of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. The analytic sample consists of 13 023 Mexican adults over age 50. Indoor air pollution is assessed by the reported use of wood or coal as the household’s primary cooking fuel. Cognitive function is measured with assessments of verbal learning, verbal recall, attention, orientation and verbal fluency. Ordinary least squares regression is used to examine cross-sectional differences in cognitive function according to indoor air pollution exposure while accounting for demographic, household, health and economic characteristics. Results Approximately 16% of the sample reported using wood or coal as their primary cooking fuel, but this was far more common among those residing in the most rural areas (53%). Exposure to indoor air pollution was associated with poorer cognitive performance across all assessments, with the exception of verbal recall, even in fully adjusted models. Conclusions Indoor air pollution may be an important factor for the cognitive health of older Mexican adults. Public health efforts should continue to develop interventions to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution in rural Mexico.
Linking genome-scale metabolic modeling and genome annotation

Genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions, assembled from annotated genomes, serve as a platform for integrating data from heterogeneous sources and generating hypotheses for further experimental validation. Implementing constraint-based modeling techniques such as Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) on network reconstructions allow for interrogating metabolism at a systems-level, which aids in identifying and rectifying gaps in knowledge. With genome sequences for various organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes becoming increasingly available, a significant bottleneck lies in the structural and functional annotation of these sequences. Using topologically-based and biologically-inspired metabolic network refinement, we can better characterize enzymatic functions present in an organism and link annotation of these functions to candidate transcripts, both steps that can be experimentally validated.
To a Young Basic Scientist, About to Embark on a Program of Translational Research

From recent commentaries about the role of basic behavior scientists in translational research, I distill some advice to young investigators who seek to apply their basic science training to translational studies. Among the challenges are (a) devising use-inspired research programs that complement, and are not redundant with, existing efforts in basic and applied behavior analysis; and (b) making tactical decisions, such as the selection of methods and collaborators, based on the research topic rather than, necessarily, the existing traditions in behavioral research. Finally, it must be recognized that although use-inspired basic research has the potential to attract support to basic laboratories and contribute to “saving the world,” neither of these outcomes is guaranteed. I discuss the relative risks for basic scientists who proceed with use-inspired basic research rather than ignore such translational questions.
Critical Advocacy Perspectives on Organization in Higher Education

Shields (Critical advocacy research: An approach whose time has come. In: Steinberg SR, Cannella GS (eds) Critical qualitative research: reader. Peter Lang, New York, pp 2–13, 2012) describes critical advocacy research as an approach whose time has come, where critical inquiry “begins with the premise that research’s role is not to describe the world as is, but also to demonstrate what needs to be changed” (p. 3). While critical perspectives have gained increased visibility in studies of higher education access across social identities, student life, and faculty work, they remain underutilized in studies of postsecondary organizations. In this chapter we review and critique dominant approaches to the study of higher organizations, noting the ways in which these traditional research perspectives constrain understandings of contemporary colleges and universities. Next we explore what it means to intentionally design organization research from critical advocacy perspectives. We reflect on existing critical studies in the higher education organization literature and provide new insights on the ways in which critical questions and methodologies may be employed to advance socially just higher education organizations.
Grit and Intention: Why Do Learners Complete MOOCs?

In recent years there has been considerable interest in how many learners complete MOOCs, and what factors during usage can predict completion. Others, however, have argued that many learners never intend to complete MOOCs, and take MOOCs for other reasons. There has been qualitative research into why learners take MOOCs, but the link between learner goals and completion has not been fully established. In this paper, we study the relationship between learner intention to complete a MOOC and their actual completion status. We compare that relationship to the degree to which MOOC completion is predicted by other domain-general motivational factors such as grit , goal orientation , academic efficacy , and the need for cognition . We find that grit and goal orientation are associated with course completion, with grit predicting course completion independently from intention to complete, and with comparable strength.
Total Synthesis of Tryprostatin B: Synthesis and Asymmetric Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Reaction of Prenylated Gramine Salt

A concise and efficient total synthesis of microtubule inhibitor tryprostatin B (1) is described. The key step is the preparation of a diprenylated gramine salt 9a. In this step, the prenyl group is incorporated at the 2-position of the indole moiety by direct lithiation of the Boc-protected gramine. We also developed and optimized the asymmetric phase-transfer-catalyzed reaction with salt 9a to provide the C2-prenyl tryptophan intermediate 2 resulting in 93% enantiomeric excess (ee) and 65% yield. The total synthesis of 1 is done in six steps with 35% overall yield.
Beyond Country-of-Origin: An Empirical Study on the Factors that Affect American Consumers’ Attitude and Purchasing Intentions: An Abstract

Globalization has the center of attention for many companies as they see the need to expand their product offerings to consumers of a different geographical location as well as of a different culture. Effective international market segmentation (IMS) is an indication of a clear understanding of the what, where and how products are being promoted and sold worldwide (Cleveland et al. 2016). The strategy chosen for a market segment varies accordingly across different cultures. The purpose of this research is to examine whether consumers’ national identity, national animosity and ethnocentrism have an effect on attitude when consumers’ perceived product and country image are added as mediators. Research has been circling around the concept of country-of-origin (COO) for years. There are also several other variations of COO which includes Product-Country image (PCI), country image, product and brand image. COO is widely known as the “Made-in” label, and this COO effect is often overlapped between how a consumer perceive a country image and a product image. Consumers’ perception of a country affects their perception of the quality of a product or brand that is originated from that particular country. In this research, the COO concept was beyond where a product was made-in. Consumer ethnocentrism was used to examine the relationships between national identity and consumer’s perceived product image and country image (respectively). The results show consumer ethnocentrism has an effect on product image but not on country image when national identity is used an independent variable. In other words, for Americans, a “made-in USA” label is more important than portraying an image of USA. This result suggest that Americans have a strong sense of their national identity. This implies that Americans’ impression of their own country is influenced none other than their belongingness to their home country. This study used bags as a stimuli. Although it is a study to determine young consumers’ ethnocentrism, its effect on (1) COO labeled products, and its impact on their (2) purchasing intention, may not be elaborative enough to measure a general mentality of the American community. In many promotional ads, there are many situations where different types of products are used and different market segments were targeted. Thus, for future research, different product types will be used to determine the effect of consumer ethnocentrism and national identity on “Made-in” labels.
The Modern Theory of Bureaucracy

This chapter introduces readers to the modern theory of bureaucracy, which emphasizes that in all hierarchical organizations, bureaucrats are at the same time both the superiors of someone and the subordinates of someone else. Unlike traditional models of bureaucracy, the modern theory assumes that the relationships between superiors and subordinates in bureaus are governed by the neoclassical economics principles of exchange and trade instead of by the issuing of orders and directives. In the modern model, subordinates offer “informal services” to superiors, who make “informal payments” to subordinates. Both trust and networks are accumulated over time by rational individuals who wish to trade with one another, leading to the kinds of efficiencies that made the Nazi apparatus of murder so effective.
The cell-adhesion and signaling molecule PECAM-1 as a molecular mediator of genotoxic chemotherapy resistance

831 Many chemotherapeutic agents cause cytotoxicity by initiating apoptosis. Defects in apoptosis contribute to cancer therapy failure and the emergence of resistant disease. Identifying new molecules that confer resistance to cancer therapy allows design of strategies that restore drug sensitivity to resistant cancers. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), a homophilic binding member of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) family of inhibitory receptors, has previously been shown to potently suppress mitochondrial-dependent, Bax-mediated apoptosis. PECAM-1 expression has been reported on a variety of human malignancies, including leukemias, cervical cancer, multiple myeloma, angiosarcoma, salivary gland malignancy, and breast cancer, but the significance of this expression has not been well-defined. Here we show that PECAM-1 expression can inhibit apoptosis induced by the genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin and etoposide. HEK293 and REN mesothelioma cells lacking PECAM-1 displayed much higher caspase activity and nuclear condensation after drug treatment than did cells expressing PECAM-1. The protective effect of PECAM-1 is, in part, mediated by the ITIM domains within its cytoplasmic tail, as mutation of ITIM tyrosines prevented full protection. In addition, a PECAM-1 mutant lacking homophilic binding ability was not fully protective. Thus, PECAM-1 appears to confer resistance to cell death via both cell-cell communication and intracellular signaling via its ITIM domains. Finally, when stable cell lines expressing PECAM-1 were treated with etoposide for 48 hours and subsequently cultured up to five weeks, the surviving cells had a greater than 40% increase in the median number of PECAM-1 molecules expressed on their surface when compared to untreated cells, indicating that cells with higher PECAM-1 expression are more likely to survive treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Taken together, these studies suggest PECAM-1 attenuates apoptosis in response to DNA damage and that this receptor is capable of conferring resistance to genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Furthermore, PECAM-1 expression on human malignancies may increase the likelihood of developing resistance to chemotherapeutic treatment, making this molecule a possible prognostic indicator of treatment response. Identifying ways in which to abolish PECAM-1’s protective effect may be an effective adjuvant therapy for patients whose cancers express this cell-surface molecule.
Reducing uncertainty in contrail radiative forcing resulting from uncertainty in ice crystal properties

The radiative forcing resulting from condensation clouds behind aircraft (“contrails”) has been estimated to have an effect on the same order of magnitude as all accumulated aviation-attributable C...
Polystyrene-Based Vitrimers: Inexpensive and RecyclableThermosets

We report a straightforward and scalable method for the generation of polystyrene-based vinylogous urethane vitrimers using conventional radical polymerization. The copolymerization of the commerci...
Registration: Erasing Indigenous Land Rights

Land title registration on Torrens’ model spread quickly, not only to other settler colonies in Australia, New Zealand, and western Canada, but also to colonies where indigenous peoples’ land tenure ideas and practices did not accommodate plantation agriculture, commercial timber operations, or mining. Registration in the Philippines and Malaysia, both of which adopted Torrens’ system, erased those traditional land rights concepts, while the system in Fiji (in addition to incompletely understanding traditional tenure approaches) became a way of isolated indigenous people from a plantation system. The African experience suggests registration became a tool used by an elite with access to the mechanisms of state power to maintain traditional control over rural populations.
Charter Schools, Race, and Urban Space: Where the Market Meets Grassroots Resistance

Chapter 1 Black Education in the South: Critical Race Reflections on the Historic Policy Landscape Chapter 2 The Assault on Black Children by Education Entrepreneurs: Charter Schools, Whiteness, and Accumulation by Dispossession Chapter 3 Keeping King Elementary School on the Map: Racial Resistance and the Politics of Place in the Lower 9th Ward Chapter 4 The Closing of Douglass High School: Counterstories on the Master's Plan for Reconstruction Chapter 5 The Culture of the Education Market: Teach for America, Union Busting, and the Displacement of Black Veteran Teachers Chapter 6 New Orleans-A Guide for Cities or a Warning for Communities? Lessons Learned from the Bottom-Up (with Urban South Grassroots Research Collective)
Advancing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) research: an overview of ATSDR and NCEH activities and recommendations

The National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) support and conduct research advancing national, state, and local public health response to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS are a group of manufactured chemicals used in industry and consumer products that persist in the environment. Given the growing evidence linking PFAS with adverse health effects in humans, NCEH and ATSDR developed a public health research framework to capture the broad range of PFAS research activities being conducted and supported by the agency to determine future research priorities and identify opportunities for interagency collaboration. The framework was conceptualized via a multidisciplinary visioning process designed to identify compelling questions and research activities that span five scientific domains: toxicology, exposure, human health, public health action, and cross-cutting priorities. This paper presents a framework, compelling questions and research activities to help NCEH and ATSDR advance scientific discovery in partnership with federal, state, and local stakeholders as part of a comprehensive public health response to PFAS contamination.
The Elephant in the Classroom: Using YouTube Comments to Address the Essential but Unacknowledged Topic of Race

Drawing on critical race media theory, this praxis article describes how instructors can effectively introduce critical race literacy theory in a teacher education class using online videos. Ultimately, this study helps us to better understand how viewing YouTube videos and responding critically to YouTube user comments can help preservice teachers acknowledge and challenge their pre-existing beliefs related to teachers and students of color in a teacher education writing course. Data analysis reveals that preservice teachers’ idealism for compassionate teaching is embedded in a superficial understanding of sociocultural differences and lacks an understanding of how race affects student learning.
Enhancing organizational readiness for implementation: constructing a typology of readiness-development strategies using a modified Delphi process.

Knowledge about the development of organizational readiness for implementation (ORI) is limited. ORI, referred to as the willingness and capacity of all relevant stakeholders to change practice, is critical for increasing the adoption rate of evidence-based practices and improving implementation outcomes. However, no methodology currently guides ORI’s enhancement or addresses differences in readiness needs across an organization. This study used the transtheoretical model (TTM) as a framework for classifying a well-established compilation of implementation strategies into three readiness stages: pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation. A modified Delphi method was used to establish consensus among a panel of purposefully selected research and field implementation experts. The Delphi process involved three rounds of online questionnaires. The third round also included a live video discussion to clarify definitions in an effort to increase consensus among experts. Of the 73 strategies reviewed, the experts identified 75% (n = 55) as relevant for pre-implementation and reached a high-level agreement on the assignment of 7% (n = 5) of the strategies to the pre-contemplation stage (ORI-1), 25% (n = 18) to the contemplation stage (ORI-2), and 52% (n = 38) to the preparation stage (ORI-3). Several strategies were identified as relevant to more than one stage. Participating experts were able to reach high-level agreement on the relevance of specific sets of implementation strategies to each of the three ORI stages. The lowest number of strategies was assigned to ORI-1 and the highest number to ORI-3. Given the overlap of strategies across ORI stages, there is a need to better understand the specific utilization of such strategies at different stages. Future studies are needed to empirically evaluate the relevance and applicability of this expert-informed typology based on implementers’ experiences in the field.
Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus Secondary to Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach

The expansion of a tumor into a blood vessel is known as a tumor thrombus. Tumor thrombi are caused by many types of cancers and commonly confer a poor prognosis. Tumor thrombus secondary to non-hepatic gastrointestinal cancers are rare and when reported is typically seen in the portal vein rather than the inferior vena cava (IVC). Presentation specifically of gastric malignancies is usually non-specific and late in the disease course, thus limiting treatment options. In this case we present a patient with an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus secondary to mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach.
Incidence and Recovery of Vocal Fold Immobility Following Pediatric Cardiac Operations.

Background:Loss of laryngeal function after congenital cardiac surgery causes morbidity and prolongs hospitalization. Early diagnosis of vocal fold immobility (VFI) and referral to pediatric otolar...
Mike Horne and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect

One of the research topics that Mike Horne was continually returning to was the Aharonov-Bohm (A-B) effect, something he felt was under-appreciated. Even though there is no force acting on a particle for the effect to appear, the system had to have been prepared, and there were forces during this stage so the effect is not as mysterious as it appeared to be; this is illustrated here by considering one well-known case of the A-B effect. It is treated in more detail than usual for the benefit of a readership that could include philosophers or historians of science as well as physicists.
Intuitive eating buffers the link between internalized weight stigma and body mass index in stressed adults.

Abstract Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is independently associated with less intuitive eating (i.e., eating based on endogenous hunger/satiety cues) and higher Body Mass Index (BMI), and intuitive eating training is commonly conceptualized as protective against the effects of IWS on poor behavioral health. The 3-way relationship between IWS, intuitive eating, and BMI has yet to be examined, and it is unclear whether the link between IWS and BMI is buffered by high intuitive eating. This secondary preliminary analysis examined baseline data of stressed adults with poor diet (N = 75, 70% female, 64.1% White, 42.7% with overweight/obesity) in a parent clinical trial that tested the effects of yoga on diet and stress. Validated self-report surveys of IWS and intuitive eating were analyzed with objectively-assessed BMI. Moderated regression analyses using the SPSS PROCESS macro tested whether intuitive eating moderated the IWS-BMI link. The analysis revealed IWS was positively associated with BMI except among people with high intuitive eating. Results extend observational findings linking intuitive eating to lower BMI, and offer preliminary support for the hypothesis that this link may hold even among those with greater IWS. It's possible that individuals with lower BMI and greater IWS may gravitate more towards intuitive eating than those with greater BMI, and/or intuitive eating may be an important target for ameliorating the adverse association of IWS with behavioral and physical health indicators linked to BMI. Continued work is warranted in larger, more generalizable samples using causal and prospective designs.
Charles Horace Mayo

Doctor Charles (Charlie) Mayo was one of the two famous Mayo brothers who founded the Mayo Clinic in conjunction with their father Doctor William Worrall Mayo. Charlie was a true general surgeon whose surgical expertise ranged from general surgery and neurosurgery to orthopedic and gynecologic surgery. He had the gift of being able to attract the brightest minds to join the group soon to be known as the Mayo Clinic. In addition, he possessed a business mind which was ahead of the times. Many of the business practices he set into motion then are still followed today 150 years later in the largest group practice in the world.
Transport in Metal Alloys and Resistivity Saturation

We consider here two problems in the electrical resistivity of metals and alloys. These consist of the residual resistivity of random substitutional alloys as a funtion of composition and the phenomenon of resistivity saturation in metals and alloys. Much has been written on both topics.1,2 We present a unified treatment that covers both phenomena with one model. This model was first presented by Butler3 and is based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostocker band structure method blended with the Coherent-Potential-Approximation (KKR-CPA).4
«Same-Same but Different»: Another New Species of the Limnonectes kuhlii Complex from Thailand (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

A new species of anuran of the dicroglossine genus Limnonectes from Loei Province, Thailand, is described. Analysis of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA gene regions places the species within the Limnonectes kuhlii complex and demonstrates it to be the sister taxon of Limnonectes megastomias and Limnonectes taylori , two species recently described based on specimens from Thailand. Both molecular and morphological data support the recognition of this lineage. A combination of morphological characters distinguishes the new species, Limnonectes isanensis sp. nov. from all other closely related and geographically proximate members of the L. kuhlii complex. Additionally, genetic distances between the new species and its closest relatives are similar to those among other species of the L. kuhlii complex.
Differential effects of calpain inhibitors on hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes

Two inhibitors of the calcium-dependent cysteine protease, calpain, have markedly different effects on the extent of hypertrophy induced by the alpha-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine, of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. E64c, an inhibitor of calpain and other cysteine proteases, stimulated the hypertrophy by 59%. PD 150606, a specific calpain inhibitor, reduced the hypertrophy by 38%. Phenylephrine decreased the proteolysis of a calpain substrate by the cells 1–2 h after its addition but not at 24 h. PD 150606 inhibited proteolytic activity at all times, and the combination of phenylephrine and PD 150606 did not give greater inhibition. This suggests that cysteine proteases of the papain sub-family are involved with the hypertrophic response at two points, promoting hypertrophy at the first and limiting it at the second. Calpain appears to be the protease involved at the first point, and there may be another cysteine protease acting at the second site.
Environmental diversity as a surrogate for species representation

Because many species have not been described and most species ranges have not been mapped, conservation planners often use surrogates for conservation planning, but evidence for surrogate effectiveness is weak. Surrogates are well-mapped features such as soil types, landforms, occurrences of an easily observed taxon (discrete surrogates), and well-mapped environmental conditions (continuous surrogate). In the context of reserve selection, the idea is that a set of sites selected to span diversity in the surrogate will efficiently represent most species. Environmental diversity (ED) is a rarely used surrogate that selects sites to efficiently span multivariate ordination space. Because it selects across continuous environmental space, ED should perform better than discrete surrogates (which necessarily ignore within-bin and between-bin heterogeneity). Despite this theoretical advantage, ED appears to have performed poorly in previous tests of its ability to identify 50 × 50 km cells that represented vertebrates in Western Europe. Using an improved implementation of ED, we retested ED on Western European birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and combined terrestrial vertebrates. We also tested ED on data sets for plants of Zimbabwe, birds of Spain, and birds of Arizona (United States). Sites selected using ED represented European mammals no better than randomly selected cells, but they represented species in the other 7 data sets with 20% to 84% effectiveness. This far exceeds the performance in previous tests of ED, and exceeds the performance of most discrete surrogates. We believe ED performed poorly in previous tests because those tests considered only a few candidate explanatory variables and used suboptimal forms of ED's selection algorithm. We suggest future work on ED focus on analyses at finer grain sizes more relevant to conservation decisions, explore the effect of selecting the explanatory variables most associated with species turnover, and investigate whether nonclimate abiotic variables can provide useful surrogates in an ED framework.
Resource Modeling Association

The Resource Modeling Association (RMA) is an international, interdisciplinary scholarly organization dedicated to the design, promulgation, and use of mathematical models for the study and management of natural resources. Founded in the early 1980s, the association's aims are supported by the quarterly publication of a peer-reviewed academic journal, Natural Resources Modeling, and the sponsorship of an annual scholarly meeting, the World Conference on Natural Resource Modeling, held at locations throughout the world. Keywords: Resource Modeling Association; natural resource; chaotic behavior; quantifiable asymptotic behavior; cutting edge research
Electroluminescence cooling in semiconductors

Semiconductor electroluminescence cooling is studied and its theoretical limits for net cooling efficiency and cooling power density are evaluated. The results shows that cooling can be possibly realized using electroluminescence upconversion in LEDs.
Isolated wired and wireless battery charger with integrated boost converter for PEV applications

Integrated charger topologies that have been researched so far are with the dc-dc converters and the charging functionality usually have no isolation in the system. Isolation is an important feature that is required for user interface systems that have grid connections and therefore is a major limitation that needs to be addressed along with the integrated functionality. This study features a unique way of combining the wired and wireless charging functionalities with vehicle side boost converter integration and maintaining the isolation to provide the best solution to the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) users. The new performance of the proposed architecture is presented for wired and wireless charging options at different power levels.
Pump-free feedback control of a frequency reconfigurable liquid metal monopole

We demonstrate a pump-free method to control the length of liquid metal in a capillary as a means to change the operating frequency of a monopole antenna. An applied DC voltage controls the surface tension of the liquid metal filament, causing it to lengthen or contract, varying the antenna's resonant length. A closed-loop feedback system tracks the antenna's operating frequency and adjusts the applied voltage to shape the liquid metal towards the desired response. Measurements show that the process is controlled and fully reversible, dynamically adjusting to a programmed frequency.
The determination of copper in whetlerized carbon following destructive oxidation of carbon employing hot concentrated perchloric acid

Abstract The determination of copper in whetlerized gas mask carbon has been described. The sample is “ashed” by wet oxidation employing mixed HN0 3 + HCIO 4 + H 2 SO 4 . The reaction is catalyzed through the addition of small amounts of chromium. The copper recovered as copper sulfate following wet ashing is reduced to Cu(I) by potassium iodide in. acetic acid solution (with previous neutralization of sulfuric acid by sodium hydroxide). The liberated iodine is then titrated employing standard sodium thiosulfate solution with starch as indicator. Individual analyses require 25–30 minutes for complete analysis.
A proposed mechanism of ALS fails the test in vivo.

In contrast to prevailing hypotheses, a genetic study shows that the toxic gain of function associated with mutant superoxide dismutase in familial amyotropic lateral sclerosis is unlikely to be due to changes in its oxidative activity causing an increase in free radicals.
Trunk muscle fatigue and its implications in EMG-assisted biomechanical modeling

Abstract Muscle fatigue affects the underlying EMG-force relationship on which EMG-assisted biomechanical models rely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of short duration muscle fatigue on the muscle gain value. Participants performed controlled, isometric trunk extension exertions at 10, 20, and 30 degrees of trunk flexion and controlled isokinetic trunk extension exertions at 5 and 15°/sec on five separate days. Fatigue of the lumbar extensors was generated by moderate-intensity, trunk extension exertions. Participants performed controlled test contractions at defined intervals throughout the fatiguing bout and the EMG activities of trunk muscles were collected. These EMG data were employed in a standard EMG-assisted model and fatigue-dependent trends in the gain factor were evaluated. The results of this study show a significant effect of fatigue on the gain factor. Further analysis revealed that by reducing the magnitude of the gain factor in proportion to the drop in median frequency of the EMG signal of the fatigued muscle, a more accurate estimate of muscle force can be calculated. Mean normalized error between predicted internal moments and the measured external moments improved from 17.5 to 9.6% error via the implementation of this modified gain factor. Relevance to industry Biomechanical models are used to quantify low back stress during occupational lifting tasks. Understanding how these models need to be modified under conditions of muscular fatigue will provide more accurate estimates of stress and can help reduce the incidence of low back injury.
Introduction to the Deep Gulf of Mexico Benthos Program

Abstract The Deep Gulf of Mexico Benthos Program (DGoMB) investigated the structure and function of sea-floor biota on the continental slope and abyssal plain of the Gulf of Mexico. Supported by the Minerals Management Service of the US Department of the Interior, DGoMB's purpose was to gain better understanding of how oil and gas exploration and production might affect the ecosystem and its natural inhabitants. The goal of assessing both community structure (abundance, biomass and species composition) and biogeochemical processes (community function) was unique, because traditionally such studies have been investigated independently. The field work aboard R/V Gyre was conducted in two phases over a 3-year period (2000–02). The first phase, a broad geographic survey stretching from the western GoM near Mexico to the upper Florida slope, was designed to provide a database from which large detailed maps could be created to explore potential controls on community structure. Physiographic features (depth, the base of steep escarpments, the axes of canyons, methane seep sites, mesoscale “salt” basins, etc.) were sampled in replicate locations to assess the relationships between topography and spatial distribution patterns. During the second phase (2001–02), a limited number (7) of locations were investigated with measurements designed to estimate rates of processes related to the cycling of organic matter. The strategy was successful in defining the quantitative relationships between carbon cycling (trophic conditions) and community structure (zonation and diversity), for those groups for which “species” lists were generated (harpacticoid copepods in the meiofauna, macrofauna, megafauna and fishes). In retrospect, additional “process” locations in the western GoM would have improved the second phase of the study by more rigorously describing the relationships between broader geographic patterns in community structure and trophic conditions.
Temporal views over rdf data

Supporting fast access to large RDF stores has been one of key challenges for enabling use of the Semantic Web in real-life applications, more so in sensor-based systems where large amounts of historic data needs to be stored. We propose a semantics-based temporal view mechanism that enables faster access to time-varying data by caching into memory only the required subset of RDF triples. We describe our experience of implementing such a framework in the context of a wide area network monitoring system. Our preliminary results show that our solution significantly improves client access time and scales well for moderate data sets.