cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The General Theory and its Interpretation

If Keynes, along with Marx, Darwin, Freud, and Einstein, belongs in the pantheon of seminal thinkers who triggered modern intellectual revolutions, it is because of the contribution to economics, both as a science and as a relevant guide to public policy, that is contained in his General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
Bilingual non-selective lexical access in sentence contexts: A meta-analytic review

Abstract Research on bilingual sentence processing demonstrates effects of cross-language activation during lexical access. However, there are mixed findings regarding the ability of semantically-constraining sentences to eliminate non-selective effects. In a quantitative meta-analysis the magnitude of cognate facilitation was examined as a function of sentence constraint, task and language of the sentence [native language (L1) versus second (L2)] as moderator variables. Twenty-six studies met criteria for measuring cognate facilitation in low-constraint sentence contexts and 18 experiments for high-constraint sentence contexts. The weighted average effect size for both contexts was significant, but significantly smaller for high-constraint contexts. This provides evidence that semantic information from a sentence constrains cross-language lexical activation. Effect sizes were moderated by task and language of the sentence. Findings are discussed in terms of models of bilingual lexical access and a new framework for understanding the mechanism of sentence context effects is proposed.
Influence of physiological states of Emiliania huxleyi cells on their lipids and associated molecular isotopic compositions during microbial degradation

Abstract The goal of this study was to examine the potential effect of physiological states of phytoplankton cells on their lipids (phytol, sterols, alkenones, and fatty acids) and associated stable carbon isotopic compositions during microbial degradation. Cells of Emiliania huxleyi were cultivated using batch cultures with the same medium but over different growth stages: exponential growth phase (culture-1) and stationary phase (culture-2), respectively. There were remarkable differences in cellular lipid contents and relative compositions between these two cultures: ~ 8 times higher lipid content with higher percentages of poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and alkenones but lower percentages of saturated fatty acids, phytol, and sterols in culture-2 than in culture-1. Dead phytoplankton cells (killed by freezing) from the two cultures were incubated in the dark with addition of natural seawater (containing natural microbial communities) under aerobic conditions at 17 °C for about one month. Most phytoplankton fatty acids (except for 16:0) from the two cultures were almost completely degraded while most neutral lipids (phytol, sterols and alkenones) (except for 27Δ 5 from culture-1) were partially degraded with relatively higher percentages of these compounds remaining in culture-2 than in culture-1. Along with degradation of lipids, their stable carbon isotopic compositions varied differently among compound classes: positive shifts (+ 1.7‰ to + 3.9‰) in δ 13 C values for fatty acids; little change for sterols; and for alkenones, either little change in most cases or a negative shift (− 3‰) in one case (37:2 alkenone in culture-1). Moreover, relatively larger isotopic shifts (~+1.5‰ each) for fatty acids 16:0 and 18:1(ω9) were observed in culture-1 compared to those in culture-2. The results from these experiments imply that the variability in isotopic compositions of phytoplankton lipid compounds during microbial degradation is critically affected by physiological states of phytoplankton cells due to heterogeneity in isotopic compositions of cellular lipids and differential reactivities of various lipid compounds bound in different intracellular components, which are synthesized through different cell growth phases.
Transport and superconducting properties of RNi 2 B 2 C (R=Y,nLu) single crystals

The in-plane resistivity, in-plane absolute thermopower, and upper critical field measurements are reported for single-crystal samples of ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C and ${\mathrm{LuNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C superconductors. The in-plane resistivity shows metallic behavior and varies approximately linearly with temperature near room temperature (RT) but shows nearly quadratic behavior in temperature at low temperatures. The ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C and ${\mathrm{LuNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C single-crystal samples exhibit large transverse magnetoresistance (\ensuremath{\approx}6--8 % at 45 kOe) in the ab plane. The absolute thermopower S(T) is negative from RT to the superconducting transition temperature ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$. Its magnitude at RT is a few times of the value for a typical good metal. S(T) is approximately linear in temperature between \ensuremath{\approx}150 K and RT. Extrapolation to T=0 gives large intercepts (few \ensuremath{\mu}V/K) for both samples suggesting the presence of a much larger 'knee' than would be expected from electron-phonon interaction renormalization effects. The upper critical fields for H parallel and perpendicular to the c axis and the superconducting parameters derived from it do not show any anisotropy for the ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C single-crystal samples in agreement with magnetization and torque magnetometry measurements, but a small anisotropy is observed for the ${\mathrm{LuNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C single crystals. The analysis shows that these are moderately strong-coupling type-II superconductors (similar to the A-15 compounds) with a value of the electron-phonon coupling parameter \ensuremath{\lambda}(0) approximately equal to 1.2 for ${\mathrm{YNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C and 1.0 for ${\mathrm{LuNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C, the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length \ensuremath{\xi}(0) approximately equal to 70 \AA{}, and ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{c}2}$(0)\ensuremath{\sim}60--70 kOe. The temperature dependence of the upper critical field shows a positive curvature near ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ in disagreement with the Werthamer, Helfand, Hohenberg, and Maki (WHHM) theory but in agreement with a recent solution of the Gor'kov equation using a basis formed by Landau levels (Bahcall); however, the data show a severe disagreement between the observed low-temperature behavior of ${\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{c}2}$(T) and that predicted either by WHHM or Bahcall's expressions.
Lexical Competence and Reading Comprehension: A Pilot Study with Heritage Language Learners of Spanish

The basic questions that guide this study are: (a) what percentage of vocabulary from a passage would a Spanish learner need to know to demonstrate ‘adequate’ (a score of 70 out of 100) comprehension of it? And, (b) what type of curve would best describe the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension? Fifty-three students enrolled in two courses of Spanish as a Heritage Language (SHL) at a metropolitan university read a newspaper article, underlined the unknown vocabulary and then answered a reading comprehension test. Our findings suggest, as in previous studies for English as a Second Language (ESL), that a 98% of vocabulary coverage is needed to show adequate comprehension of an authentic passage. The curve that best describes this relationship was not linear as they concluded but was similar to a logarithmic function, which appears to suggest a relationship that obeys to a law of diminishing returns for Spanish as a Second Language (SSL) reading.
Compressed sensing of sparse RF signals based on silicon photonic microcavities

We demonstrate compressive measurement of sparse radio frequency signals using multimode silicon photonic microcavities as pseudorandom filters. A compression ratio of 8% is achieved for 24 filter patterns.
Diagenetic Overprinting and Rock-Fabric Distribution: The Dolomitization/Evaporite-Mineralization Environment

In Chapter 5 we stated the basic premise that the three-dimensional spatial distribution of petrophysical properties is controlled by the spatial distribution of geological processes, processes that can be separated into depositional and diagenetic. In Chapter 4 we discussed depositional processes and the relationship between the spatial distribution of depositional textures and petrophysical properties. Reservoir studies have made it abundantly clear that the petrophysical properties found in carbonate reservoirs are significantly different from those of Holocene carbonate sediments due to various diagenetic processes.
Developing an Assessment Tool for Enhancing Interprofessional Education of Patient Safety

The increasing recognition of the value of effective interprofessional collaboration has promoted interprofessional education (IPE) among healthcare professionals. The IPE pilot program initiative at UTHealth matriculated students from the disciplines of biomedical informatics, biomedical sciences, dentistry, medicine, nursing and public health. There has been a pressing need for developing an assessment tool in reflecting how IPE participants recognize and understand the other disciplines including clinical informatics in nowadays' practice. This paper reports our development process of the assessment tool, which is still under an iterative, in-depth refinement and aiming at greater collaborations.
Culture, Kinesiology, and the Free Society

In Notes Towards the Definition of Culture, T.S. Eliot asked whether culture should be understood as “essentially, the incarnation (so to speak) of the religion of a people.” By “incarnation,” Elio...
Low-dose metformin exposure causes changes in expression of endocrine disruption-associated genes

Abstract The presence of intersex fish in watersheds around the world is a warning of the presence of anthropogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) being deposited into the aquatic environment. The anti-diabetic drug metformin is among the most prevalent and ubiquitous of the myriad pharmaceuticals found in wastewater effluent and watersheds worldwide. In addition to its prescription for type-2 diabetes, metformin is indicated as a treatment in cancers and the endocrine disorder polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Our previous research found evidence of endocrine-disruption following Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) exposure to metformin at an environmentally relevant concentration. However, the mechanism of action leading to these impacts is unknown. Although metformin does not structurally resemble classical EDCs, there’s an increasing recognition that endocrine disruption may occur by mechanisms other than classical endocrine receptor binding, and metformin’s off-label use for treating endocrine-related disorders such as PCOS indicates its potential interaction with the endocrine system. To further explore metformin’s mechanism of action as an EDC, we measured expression of numerous endocrine-related genes in male fathead minnows exposed to metformin at a low-dose similar to that found in wastewater effluent and the environment (40 μg L−1) for a full year (early development to adulthood) and discovered significant upregulation of the AR (3.6 ± 0.9-fold), 3β-HSD (3.9 ± 0.8-fold), 17β-HSD (17 ± 4-fold), CYP19A1 (40 ± 20-fold), and SULT2A1 (2.3 ± 0.4-fold) genes in exposed male gonad. We also found a significant correlation between expression of 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, and CYP19A1 in testis of metformin-treated male fish and the degree of intersex occurring in their gonads. These results provide additional evidence of the endocrine disrupting impact of the drug metformin and insight into the potential mechanisms by which metformin may influence the endocrine system in aquatic organisms.
Optimization of Water Consumption in Hybrid Evaporative Cooling Air Conditioning Systems for Data Center Cooling Applications

In the light of its potential to reduce energy consumption when coupled to the condenser of existing vapor compression systems, evaporative cooling technology still faces questions relating to its ...
The Multifaceted Meaning of Sport Psychology Professional Quality of Life

Experienced and senior sport psychology practitioners achieved longevity in effective professional practice by embracing sustainable approaches to their profession (Tod, 2007), assumed to be influenced by their positive professional quality of life. The aim of this study was to gain insight into how these practitioners defined and attended to their profession-specific quality of life. Utilizing Hill’s (2012) Consensual Qualitative Research method, researchers examined the perceptions and meanings that 20 internationally located practitioners attributed to their Sport Psychology-Professional Quality of Life (SP-PQL). Findings revealed a view of SP-PQL that encompassed five domains: (a) the lived experience of SP-PQL, (b) the nature of the SP profession, (c) SP-PQL as an ongoing journey, (d) deliberate engagement in the SP profession, and (e) the interconnection between the personal and the professional. These practitioners recognized the importance of a positive SP-PQL as a foundation for a positive, effec...
An Epidemiologic Perspective on Scaphoid Fracture Treatment and Frequency of Nonunion Surgery in the USA

BackgroundScaphoid fractures treated non-operatively and operatively may be complicated by nonunion.Questions/PurposesWe sought to test the primary hypothesis that the incidence density of scaphoid...
Hormonal Regulation of Sexual Behavior in Insects

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the hormonal regulation of sexual behavior in insects. Most insects reproduce sexually and those that have internal fertilization. The transfer of sperm from male to female requires behavior in both the donor and the recipient. In all groups, save the Apterygota, sperms enter the female directly by copulation. Copulation is the introduction of a male copulatory organ into a female, whereas mating is more broadly defined as the process, direct or indirect, of transferring sperms from male to female. Insemination is not synonymous with either term; it refers to the donation of sperms by a male to a female, with the sperms consequently having the potential to fertilize eggs. Thus, indirect transfer of sperms is mating, but not copulation, and copulation may be followed by the expulsion of sperms by the female, which then precludes insemination. These distinctions are necessary because of the diversity of sexual reproduction in insects.
Stress, Endocrine Responses, Immunity and HIV-1 Spectrum Disease

The immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), which is the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a retrovirus of the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma line. Well-documented quantitative and qualitative decrements in immunologic functioning occur during the course of HIV-1 spectrum disease (1,2,3). Because the HIV-1 infected person typically goes through several stages of progressive quantitative and qualitative decrements in immunologic functioning that may be associated with disease progression over many years, the disease is increasingly being viewed as a chronic disorder. Subsequent to a brief, frequently unrecognized, acute phase lasting a few weeks, the HIV-1 infected individual enters a clinically latent period characterized by low viral expression. The usual period from onset of acute infection to seropositivity (seroconversion) is 4–12 wks (4,5). After seroconversion, the clinically latent phase of seropositivity begins and may last as long as 10–15 years (6). Then, as the disease progresses, a loss in overall immunocompetence leaves the HIV-1 infected individual susceptible to opportunistic infections. These infections commonly include Pneumocystis carnii pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis and toxoplasmosis-related phenomena, including meningoencephalitis, candidal esophagitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis.
General Guidelines on Report Writing

This chapter offers a general discussion of psychoducational report writing guidelines. It offers a panoramic perspective on the process with more specific guidance offered in Chaps. 6– 10.
Right Heart Failure during Support with a Left Ventricular Assist Device is Associated with Primary Graft Dysfunction after Heart Transplantation

Introduction Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a devastating complication of heart transplantation that is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Right heart failure (RHF) while on LVAD support may identify patients at higher risk for post-transplant complications. This study investigated the relationship between RHF while on LVAD support and post-transplant outcomes. Methods Patients with durable, continuous-flow LVADs who were transplantated between 2010 and 2016 at Barnes-Jewish Hospital were included. Data collection was performed through retrospective chart review. RHF was defined as the need for right ventricular assist device, the extended use of inotropes for more than 14 consecutive days post-LVAD implant, the need to reinitiate inotropes after 14 days but before 30 days after LVAD, or heart failure requiring medical intervention >30 days after discharge from LVAD implantation. The primary outcome was the incidence of PGD after transplant compared between patients with and without RHF. Secondary outcomes included 30-day and 1-year survival, incidence of vasoplegia, severity of PGD, and outcomes stratified by type of RHF. A multivariate logistic regression model was created and included baseline characteristics differing between groups using a p-value of Results Among the 141 patients included in the study, 41 developed RHF while supported with an LVAD. The cohort had a median age of 58, was mostly male (78.7%), and mostly white (74.5%). Most patients had a non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (57%) and were implanted with a HeartMate II LVAD (84.4%). The RHF group had a higher incidence of donor-recipient weight mismatch (3.0% vs. 14.6%, p=0.018) and lower donor EF (55% vs 60%, p=0.018), with no other significant differences in baseline characteristics. In the RHF cohort, 18 patients developed PGD as compared to 14 patients in the group without RHF (43.9% vs. 14.0%, p Conclusions The results of this study show that patients supported with LVADs who develop early severe or late RHF are at increased risk of PGD and death following cardiac transplantation. Donor factors may further increase the risk of these outcomes and should be carefully assessed in this high-risk group. Given the striking increase in PGD, increased vigilance for PGD and aggressive early hemodynamic support should be anticipated for these patients.
A Bio-Demographic Perspective on Inequality and Life Expectancy: An Analysis of 159 Countries for the Periods 1970–90 and 1990–2010

Abstract In this study, we examine the relationship between SES and life expectancy at birth for 159 nations at three points in time, 1970, 1990, and 2010. This chapter examines the concept of a biological warranty and its “extended operation” as well as a social warranty in regard to life expectancy at birth. In so doing, we employ Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (PCGDP) as an index of SES, which comprises our analysis. We here use a descriptive approach to examine changes in life expectancy at birth (e0) relative to PCGDP, our SES Index. To do this, we organized the 159 countries into quartiles based on PCGDP at each of three points in time, 1970, 1990, and 2010 and looked at summary measures of change over time by SES quartile. In summary, we find that at a national level, evidence suggests that the populations in the wealthiest countries may be approaching the extended operation limit, but are not yet there. This may be due to within-population heterogeneity in regard to e0. We find that the gap of about 19 years in e0 between the populations in the wealthiest populations and the poorest in 1970 persisted to 2010. In spite of technology and knowledge transfers concerning the reduction of mortality, the persistent gap suggests that a social warranty is operating, a barrier difficult to surmount without increases in the resources that are indexed by PCGDP and other SES indicators.
Growth messages increase help-seeking and performance for women in STEM:

Women leave STEM majors at higher rates than men. This may be due to problematic messaging in gateway courses such as (a) mismatches between students’ cultural norms and those of the learning conte...
The Discreet Friendship of Mary McCarthy and Monique Wittig

It is well known that Mary McCarthy distanced herself from the feminist movement 1 1 The “feminist movement” is defined here as the “second wave” feminism that rose to prominence in the mid-1960s i...
A Reliability Study of Multiplanar Radiographs for the Evaluation of SNAC Wrist Arthritis

Background: Scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) is a common form of wrist arthritis, the treatment of which depends on the arthritic stage. The Vender classification serves to describe SNAC arthritis based on a single posteroanterior (PA) radiograph. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver agreement of the Vender classification, comparing multi versus single radiographic views. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with SNAC arthritis who underwent a proximal row carpectomy or a 4-corner fusion was performed. The included patients had 3 radiographic views of the pathologic wrist. Fifteen patients were analyzed by 5 blinded reviewers. Wrists were graded using the Vender classification first on the PA view and then using multiview radiographs. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement was determined using weighted kappa analysis. χ2 tests were calculated comparing the evaluation between single- versus multiview radiographs and determining a higher Vender stage. Results: Multiview radiographs demonstrated a higher intraobserver κw compared with single-view radiographs (0.72 vs 0.66), both representing substantial agreement. The average interobserver agreement was moderate (κw of 0.48) for single view and slight (κw of 0.30) for multiview evaluation. Evaluating multiview radiographs was 6.37 times more likely to demonstrate Vender stage 3 arthritis compared with single view (odds ratio = 6.37 [confidence interval, 3.81-10.64], P < .0001). Conclusion: Reviewing multiview radiographs more commonly yielded Vender stage 3 osteoarthritis classification. The decreased interrater reliability in the multiview analysis is likely related to the increased number of articular surfaces evaluated. Using a single PA view may underestimate the severity of arthritis present.
Learning through video games: The impacts of competition and cooperation:

The purpose of this study was to explore four different methods of instruction: a traditional slideshow control group, and three groups using an educational video game played either individually or...
Molecular Discoveries Alter Our View of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Within the past decade, knowledge of the molecular basis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, has advanced owing to the explosive growth of research involving the human genome. Furthermore, a shared interest between molecular biologists and clinical researchers has contributed to an emerging understanding of IBD. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) belongs to an apoptotic regulatory family of genes and has been linked to CD. In addition, research into nuclear factor kappa B (NF–kappa B), the proteasome, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor alpha has improved our understanding of IBD. Our understanding of these molecules and other scientific discoveries offers hope for new diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents. In the future, genetic markers will predict disease susceptibility, therapeutic responsiveness, and long-term sequelae of modern therapeutics. Also on the horizon, molecular markers promise to define disease heterogeneity, thereby providing a rational basis for patient-specific therapies. The molecular discoveries that are changing our views of IBD will affect the clinician, the laboratory professional, and the patient.
Whom Should We Test for COVID-19? Performance of a Symptom and Risk Factor Questionnaire on COVID-19 Test Results and Patient Outcomes in an Immediate Care Setting.

Introduction:The CDC and Illinois Department of Public Health disseminated risk factor criteria for COVID-19 testing early in the pandemic. The objective of this study is to assess the effectivenes...
The Trespass Fallacy in the 'Software Patent' Debate

In The Trespass Fallacy in Patent Law, Professor Adam Mossoff details how patent law jurisprudence and scholarship is dominated by an indeterminacy critique or “trespass fallacy” in two respects. Professor Mossoff’s essay, however, only briefly mentions the now paramount contemporary issue surrounding the more-focused “software patent” debate. In this short essay, I briefly discuss Professor Mossoff’s trespass fallacy analysis as it relates to “software patents” and the Supreme Court’s October 2013 Term case Alice Corp. Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank Int’l.
Cryptographic Accelerators for Digital Signature Based on Ed25519

This article presents highly optimized implementations of the Ed25519 digital signature algorithm [Edwards curve digital signature algorithm (EdDSA)]. This algorithm significantly improves the execution time without sacrificing security, compared to exiting digital signature algorithms. Although EdDSA is employed in many widely used protocols, such as TLS and SSH, there appear to be extremely few hardware implementations that focus only on EdDSA. Hence, we propose two different field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based EdDSA implementations, i.e., efficient and high-performance Ed25519 architectures applicable for a security level comparable to AES-128. Our proposed efficient Ed25519 scheme achieves an improvement of more than 84% compared to the best previous work by reducing the required area. It also incorporates more than $8\times $ speedup. Furthermore, our proposed high-performance architecture shows a $21\times $ speedup with more than 6200 digital signature algorithms per second, showing a significant improvement in terms of utilized area $\times $ time on a Xilinx Zynq-7020 FPGA. Finally, the effective side-channel countermeasures are embedded in our proposed designs, which also outperform the previous works.
Sequential complex bilateral total hip arthroplasty in neglected acetabular fractures – A case report

Abstract Severe cases of acetabular fractures are complicated, leading to further damage to the femoral head and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). These adverse events eventually lead to complexities in the management of patients with the aforementioned conditions. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical option for improving both stability and functionality, and for controlling pain in patients with PTOA. Herein, we report the case of a 70-year-old male patient with neglected bilateral acetabular fracture who presented with PTOA and protrusion. Despite significant limb-length discrepancy with the deformity of both hips, the patient underwent a successful right THA and recovered with remarkable stability. One year later, the patient underwent successful left THA. One year following the surgical treatment, the patient is pain free with notable mobility. When treating a patient with a neglected acetabular fracture and bilateral PTOA, bilateral THA is a viable treatment option with favourable patient outcome.
A Low-Cost, Autonomous Gait Detection and Estimation System for Analyzing Gait Impairments in Mice.

With the advancement in imaging technology, many commercial systems have been developed for performing motion analysis in mice. However, available commercial systems are expensive and use proprietary software. In this paper, we describe a low-cost, camera-based design of an autonomous gait acquisition and analysis system for inspecting gait deficits in C57BL/6 mice. Our system includes video acquisition, autonomous gait-event detection, gait-parameter extraction, and result visualization. We provide a simple, user-friendly, step-by-step detailed methodology to apply well-known image processing techniques for detecting mice footfalls and calculating various gait parameters for analyzing gait abnormalities in healthy and neurotraumatic mice. The system was used in a live animal study for assessing recovery in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Using the videos acquired in the study, we validate the performance of our system with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Hit : Miss : False (H : M : F) detection analyses. Our system correctly detected the mice footfalls with an average H : M : F score of 92.1 : 2.3 : 5.6. The values for the area under an ROC curve for all the ROC plots are above 0.95, which indicates an almost perfect detection model. The ROC and H : M : F analyses show that our system produces accurate gait detection. The results observed from the gait assessment study are in agreement with the known literature. This demonstrates the practical viability of our system as a gait analysis tool.
Spectral C*-Algebras

Every product system E is associated with a natural Hilbert space L2(E). There is also a natural way of representing E as a concrete product system e acting on L2(E), and e is isomorphic to E. In turn, e is associated with a semigroup of endomorphisms α= {α t : t≥0} of B(L2(E)) as in Proposition 2.4.9. However, this semigroup is not an E0-semigroup because the projections α t (1) decrease to 0 as t → ∞. This chapter focuses on the problem of constructing an E0-semigroup whose product system is isomorphic to E.
Obtaining Cue Rate Estimates for Some Mysticete Species using Existing Data

Abstract : The long-term goals of this research effort are to improve the Navy s passive underwater acoustic monitoring of marine mammal populations. A major focus in this project is on further enhancing the ability to estimate animal density (animals per unit area per unit time) obtained from raw detections of calls in underwater acoustic recordings. The efforts in this program also will support the Master s Thesis research of Roanne Manzano-Roth at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey.
Highly Morphogenic Callus of Arachis Paraguariensis from Agar and Suspension Cultures

Arachis paraguariensis (Chod. et Hassl.) is a wild species of peanut with 2n=20. Callus cultures derived from anthers of this species were highly morphogenic, producing shoots, leaves, and flowers at a high frequency. A much lower percentage regenerated into complete plants with roots. Anthers from flowers with no petal showing were used to initiate callus, using the salts and organics of N6 medium (Chu et al.) supplemented with casein hydrolysate, 500 mg/1; myo-inositol, 100 mg/1; sucrose, 20 g/1; L-proline, 3 g/1; 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 0.2 mg/1; N6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.25 mg/1; and agar, 6 g/1. Calli were maintained on the same N6 medium with picloram levels of 0.008 mg/1, 0.25 mg/1 BA, and 60 g/1 sucrose. Buds appeared on calli after 30 to 40 days. When these buds were transferred to Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 0.01 mg/1 BA or with no hormones, shoots developed with leaves and flowers. Callus was used to initiate suspension cultures in N6 liquid medium that contained casein hydrolysate, 500 mg/1; myo-inositol, 100 mg/1; sucrose, 20 g/1; picloram, 0.008 mg/1; BA, 0.2 mg/1; and L-proline, 1.7 g/1. Suspension cultures were maintained by transferring clumps of tissue between 210 and 840 μm in size on a weekly basis.
Influence of Head Motion on the Judged Distance of Monocularly Presented Virtual Objects

Human subjects localized a monocularly viewed, space-stabilized virtual object presented on a head-mounted, see-through display. They either kept their head stationary or rocked it laterally to produce motion parallax. Their distance estimates had less variability in a head moving condition than in a head stationary condition, but in general were much less precise and much less accurate than comparable stereo-based localizations.
Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration with concurrent small core biopsy of neck masses and lymph nodes yields adequate material for HPV testing in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a distinct epidemiologic and pathologic disease that is increasing in frequency. Currently, there is no clinical standard for obtaining diagnostic material or determining HPV status in the workup of these patients. The purpose of this study was to the determine the specimen adequacy for HPV testing on material obtained by ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration and small core biopsy of neck masses and lymph nodes in patients with HNSCC. Materials and methods Cases were reviewed for patients who (1) underwent ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration with or without small core biopsy of neck masses and lymph nodes, (2) were diagnosed with HNSCC, and (3) were tested for HPV. Several HPV detection methods were used, including p16, HPV 16 and 18, and high-risk and wide spectrum HPV in situ hybridization. Results Of the 63 patients studied, 48 (76.2%) were male and 15 (23.8%) were female. The overall adequacy rate of cell block and small core biopsy material was 88%. Forty-five of 63 patients (73%) tested positive for HPV. Overall agreement was achieved in 92.9% of cases in which both p16 and HPV in situ hybridization were performed. On available surgical follow-up, histocytologic correlation for HPV-related testing was 100%. Conclusions Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration with concurrent small core biopsy of neck masses and lymph nodes, along with on-site evaluation by a pathologist, yields adequate material for reliable HPV-related testing in HNSCC and should be incorporated into the routine pathologic evaluation for these patients.
Identification of No.1 and Male Sterility of Lycium barbarum L. by ISSR-PCR Molecular Marker Technique

[Objective]To identify genuine medicinal materials of Lycium barbarum L.by ISSR-PCR molecular marker technique on the level of DNA molecular.[Method] Suitable primers were screened out from 50 ISSR primers(Inter-simple sequence repeat),and then used in PCR amplification and electrophoretic analysis for distinguishing Lycium barbarum L.from No.1 and male sterility by finding specific sites.[Result]One ISSR primer could amplify polymorphic bands that were suitable for distinguishing Lycium barbarum L.from No.1 and male sterility[Conclusion] ISSR-PCR molecular marker technique was quick and reliable,which could be used in identification of Lycium barbarum L..
Formation of Cold (T ⩽ 1 K) Molecules

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates that the formation of low-temperature molecules with translational energy distributions characterized by T ≤ K is reviewed. Such molecules can in principle be produced optically or nonoptically or by photoassociation of ultracold atoms. Recent results producing cold - and especially ultracold - alkali metal dmers and producing cold paramagnetic molecules are highlighted, along with their potential applications and scientific significance. It clarifies and summarizes the many proposals for formation of gas-phase molecules with subKelvin translational and internal temperatures (or average energies (divided by Boltzmann's constant k) if not in a thermal distribution) and to discuss the exciting and very recent results achieved in implementing these proposals. However, for low-density, low-temperature atomic and molecular gases, the time required to reach true equilibrium (a solid) can be much longer than the corresponding experimental studies. Only the translational degrees of freedom clearly equilibrate thermally on a short time scale. The possibilities for nonthermal distributions among other (internal) degrees of freedom are great, as discussed in the chapter.
Abstract 18479: Cohort Under-Ascertainment of Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation Using the Baseline 12-Lead ECG: Implications for Atrial Fibrillation “Prediction”

Introduction: Many major cohort studies base their ascertainment of prevalent AF on the enrollment electrocardiogram (ECG). The sensitivity of this approach remains unknown. It is critical to exclude all incident AF analyses because AF itself can have important anatomic and physiologic effects. Hypothesis: The sensitivity of AF ascertainment by baseline ECG alone is poor. Methods: The Heart and Soul Study (HS]] 11.8). Prevalent AF was identified in 23 participants (5.4%) by baseline study ECG, and 77 participants (18%) by thorough chart review (p Conclusion: Despite common practices in major cohort studies, the sensitivity of the baseline ECG for prevalent AF is poor. This may lead to common misclassification of prevalent AF participants as developing incident AF, resulting in the false identification of “predictors” of AF that are in fact due to extant AF.
PV: An Explicit Enumeration Model-Checker

PV (Protocol Verifier) is an explicit enumeration based modelchecker for verifying finite state systems for next-time free LTL (LTL-X) properties. It implements a new partial order reduction algorithm, called Two-phase, that works in conjunction with selective caching to combat the state explosion problem faced by model-checkers.
Early American genetics journals

Before the Second World War, there were only two North-American journals exclusively devoted to genetics — the Journal of Heredity and Genetics. In the late 1940s, Genetics spawned two progeny — the American Journal of Human Genetics and Evolution. This article recounts the early days of these journals, their influential and often colourful founding editors, and their contents. It emphasizes the contrast between those years, when a reader had a realistic chance of keeping up with the whole field, and the current plethora of journals that makes it impossible to keep up with even the tables of contents.
Development and characterization of a fiber optic immuno biosensor

In this paper we describe preliminary results from the development and characterization of a fiber optic biosensor that utilizes a fluorescently-labeled monoclonal antibody to pyrethroid pesticides. A synthetic pyrethroid-like antigen was coupled to bovine serum albumin and immobilized on the surface of a stripped portion of the distal end of an optical fiber. Each fiber was individually calibrated for its optical response using standard solutions of fluoresceinamine. Binding of the antibody was detected via the evanescent wave of the fiber by use of a portable fiber optic fluorimeter. Initial binding rate and equilibrium levels of bound antibody showed a linear relationship with antibody concentrations between 7 nM and 25 uM. To test the reversibility of the biosensor, bound antibody was removed with protein denaturing agents and the same fibers were re-tested with similar concentrations of antibody. When re-immersed in antibody solution, binding of the antibodies was again observed. The results provide encouraging evidence that such a biosensor may be useful for the determination of small organic molecules in situ
On rate scaling laws with CDF-based distributed scheduling in multicell networks

The rate scaling in a multiuser single cell scenario with opportunistic scheduling is well-known. However, the heterogeneous large scale channel effects of intercell interference in a multicell scenario complicate analysis of distributed scheduling based systems. In this paper, we investigate the rate scaling in a generic multiuser multicell downlink employing distributed scheduling. In order to guarantee fairness across users and simultaneously obtain multiuser diversity gain, a cumulative distribution function (CDF)-based scheduling policy is utilized and analyzed. The asymptotic (in users) analysis is performed to determine the limiting distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, and to establish the individual scaling laws for an arbitrary scheduled user under the CDF-based scheduling in a multicell network.
The role of a Stat4 deficiency in Atherosclerosis (CAM1P.237)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that leads to plaque formation in large and medium size vessels. Th1 cells constitute a majority of plaque T cells and play a pro-atherogenic role. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (Stat4) is a transcription factor involved in Th1 cell differentiation. To test a role of Stat4 in atherogenesis, we bred Stat4-deficient (Stat4-/-) and atherosclerosis-prone Apolipoprotein E (Apoe-/-) mice. Stat4 deficiency resulted in a 70% reduction in plaque burden in Stat4-/-Apoe-/- vs Apoe-/- mice (p<0.01). Surprisingly, reduced atherogenesis was not due to attenuated IFNγ production suggesting an IFNγ-independent pro-atherogenic role of Stat4. Stat4 is highly expressed in T cells, but also detected in macrophages (MΦ). To further test an impact of Stat4 deficiency in myeloid cells, we analyzed activation status of MΦ. Stat4-/-Apoe-/- CD11b+ MΦ expressed low levels of CD69, MHCII, and CD86 when pulsed with LPS vs Apoe-/- MΦ. Differentiated in vitro Stat4-/-Apoe-/- M1 or M2 MΦ also had reduced expression of CCL2 and CXCL10 vs Apoe-/- M1 and M2 MΦ. Importantly, the percentage of aortic Ly6C+ (p<0.02) and CD68+ (p<0.06) cells was reduced in Stat4-/-Apoe-/- vs Apoe-/- mice. The data provides evidence for a functional role of Stat4 in atherosclerosis by elevating levels of MΦ activation and aortic MΦ content, and thus promoting the localized aortic pro-inflammatory immune response. Supported by R01 HL112605 and Suppl.Grant 02S1.
Statistical Measures of Complexity: Why?

Author(s): Feldman, David P; Crutchfield, James P | Abstract: We review several statistical complexity measures proposed over the last decade and a half as general indicators of structure or correlation. Recently, Lopez-Ruiz, Mancini, and Calbet [Phys. Lett. A 209 (1995) 321] introduced another measure of statistical complexity C_{LMC} that, like others, satisfies the ``boundary conditions'' of vanishing in the extreme ordered and disordered limits. We examine some properties of C_{LMC} and find that it is neither an intensive nor an extensive thermodynamic variable and that it vanishes exponentially in the thermodynamic limit for all one-dimensional finite-range spin systems. We propose a simple alteration of C_{LMC} that renders it extensive. However, this remedy results in a quantity that is a trivial function of the entropy density and hence of no use as a measure of structure or memory. We conclude by suggesting that a useful ``statistical complexity'' must not only obey the ordered-random boundary conditions of vanishing, it must also be defined in a setting that gives a clear interpretation to what structures are quantified.
Graft copolymers of starch with mineral acid salts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Preparation and testing as flocculating agents

Mineral acid salts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) have been graft polymerized onto starch with ferrous ammonium sulfate–hydrogen peroxide initiation. The nitric acid salt was used in most reactions, and graft polymerizations were run in both water and aqueous–organic solvent systems. Increased monomer concentration in water led to an increase in both the percentage of poly(DMAEMA · HNO3) in the graft copolymer (percent add-on) and the molecular weight of grafted branches. Variations in initiator concentration altered the percent add-on only slightly but affected the molecular weight of grafted polymer significantly. When swollen starch, in contrast with unswollen starch was used in graft polymerization reactions run in water, the product had a higher per cent add-on and a larger number of grafted branches of lower molecular weight. The efficiency of starch–poly(DMAEMA · HNO3) graft copolymers as flocculants for diatomaceous silica increased with per cent add-on; however, variations in grafting frequency and graft molecular weight had less effect on the behavior of these materials as flocculants.
Identification and Characterization of Rp5: A Novel Gene Differentially Expressed in Germinal Center B-Cells

Identification and Characterization of Rp5: A Novel Gene Differentially Expressed in Germinal Center B-Cells
Perturbative QCD calculation of real and virtual Compton scattering.

We present the predictions of perturbative QCD for Compton scattering as a function of photon virtuality. Individual helicity amplitudes are given, along with formulas to permit calculation of the $\mathrm{eN}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ensuremath{'}}{N}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ amplitudes. We discover remarkable structure in some of the amplitudes as a function of photon virtuality. Since $\mathrm{eN}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ensuremath{'}}{N}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ contains a contribution from Bethe-Heitler scattering, whose magnitude and phase are known, the phases of the virtual Compton amplitudes can in principle be measured by interference with it. It has been shown that the leading-twist behavior of high-energy, large-angle Compton scattering is not affected by soft physics; thus at sufficiently high energies these predictions provide a stringent test of QCD.
Upper Cretaceous Planktonic Foraminifera from Yolo and Colusa Counties, California: ABSTRACT

Samples containing pelagic Foraminifera were examined from five-widely spaced localities in the Upper Cretaceous Venado, Yolo, and Sites Formations on the western side of the Sacramento Valley, California. The basal formation, the Venado, overlies the late Cenomanian "Antelope Shale," and is predominantly a sandstone unit with discontinuous beds of conglomerate and thin, dark-colored carbonaceous siltstone. Along Putah Creek, Yolo County, the Venado contains Globotruncana and Hedbergella, which suggest a Turonian age. The overlying Yolo Formation is a dark-colored siltstone with some sandstone and shale beds. The siltstone and shale contain an abundant, well-preserved foraminiferal fauna, including Clavihedbergella, Globigerinelloides, and Heterohelix. The Sites Formation is composed of thin, rhythmic sequences of siltstone and sandstone interbedded with thick sandstone beds. The finer clastics, in many places with a high mica and carbonaceous content, yielded the largest and most diversified planktonic assemblage. The genera Globotruncana, Rugoglobigerina, Hedbergella, and Schackoina are present. The pelagic microfossils appear to correlate with the microfaunas from the Turonian of Europe and the Austin Group of the Gulf Coast. The Venado and Yolo Formations are correlated with Popenoe's Members II and III, and the Sites with Member IV of the Cretaceous strata in the Redding area, California. The planktonic assemblages fall within Goudkoff's H and G-2 zones. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1759------------
Pooled time series regression analysis in longitudinal studies

Many longitudinal studies attempt to examine changes in outcome measures over time in groups of patients. Applying conventional analytic techniques, such as a single classical linear regression model, to these data will often not result in minimum variance estimates, and may affect the results of tests of significance. Pooled time series regression analyses comprise a set of techniques that may be used in these instances to model changes in outcome measures over time. Pooling of time series data from many individuals may be done using two types of models: fixed effect models, which specify differences among individuals in separate intercept terms, and random effects models, which allow for differences among individuals by including an additional error component in the model. The choice between these alternative model specifications is guided by both theoretical and statistical considerations. This paper describes the use of pooled time series analysis, contrasts these methods with two classical linear regression approaches, and demonstrates these differences using two examples: a hypothetical study of serum glucose measurements in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, and a longitudinal study of the development of functional disability in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These methods may be applicable to the study of outcomes in many chronic illnesses.