cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immortalized, premalignant epithelial cell populations contain long-lived, label-retaining cells that asymmetrically divide and retain their template DNA

During selective segregation of DNA, a cell asymmetrically divides and retains its template DNA. Asymmetric division yields daughter cells whose genome reflects that of the parents, simultaneously protecting the parental cell from genetic errors that may occur during DNA replication. We hypothesized that long-lived epithelial cells are present in immortal, premalignant cell populations, undergo asymmetric division, retain their template DNA strands, and cycle both during allometric growth and during pregnancy. The glands of 3-week-old immune-competent Balb/C female mice were used intact or cleared of host epithelium and implanted with ductal-limited, lobule-limited, or alveolar-ductal progenitor cells derived from COMMA-D1 pre-malignant epithelial cells. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (5-BrdU) was administered to identify those cells that retain their template DNA. Nulliparous mice were then either injected with [3H]-thymidine (3H-TdR) to distinguish 5-BrdU label-retaining cells that enter the cell cycle and euthanized, or mated, injected with 3H-TdR, and euthanized at various days after coitus. Sections were stained for estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) or progesterone receptor (PR) with immunohistochemistry. Cells labeled with both 5-BrdU and 3H-TdR were indicative of label-retaining epithelial cells (LRECs). Cells that retained a 5-BrdU label and cells labeled with [3H]-thymidine were found in all mice and were typically detected along the branching epithelium of mature mouse mammary glands. Cells containing double-labeled nuclei (LRECs) were found in the intact mammary glands of both pregnant and nulliparous mice, and in mammary glands implanted with premalignant cells. Double-labeled cells (3H-TdR/5-BrdU) represent a small portion of cells in the mammary gland that cycle and retain their template DNA (5-BrdU). Some label-retaining cells were also ER-α or PR positive. LRECs distributed their second label (3H-TdR) to daughter cells, and this effect persisted during pregnancy. LRECs, and small focal hyperplasia, were found in all immortalized premalignant mammary-implant groups. The results indicate that a subpopulation of long-lived, label-retaining epithelial cells (LRECs) is present in immortal premalignant cell populations. These LRECs persist during pregnancy, retain their original DNA, and a small percentage express ER-α and PR. We speculate that LRECs in premalignant hyperplasia represent the long-lived (memory) cells that maintain these populations indefinitely.
Utilization of Pharmacologic Treatment in Youths with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Medicaid Database

Background:Little is known about longitudinal changes in drug utilization in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Objective:To describe longitudinal trends in ADHD drug utilization and explore demographic differences among youths eligible for a large Southern state Medicaid program.Methods:A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of 10 years of claims data for all Medicaid beneficiaries younger than 20 years of age with 6 months or more of continuous insurance (N = 2,131,953) was conducted. Annual prevalence, incidence, and persistence in ADHD medication use (stimulants and atomoxetine) were estimated based on pharmacy claims and clinician-reported ADHD diagnosis.Results:ADHD prevalence increased 1.70-fold (95% CI 1.67 to 1.73) from 3.10% (21,904 of 705,573 beneficiaries) in fiscal year 1995–1996 to 5.27% (41,661 of 790,338) in 2003–2004, paralleled by a 1.84-fold (95% CI 1.81 to 1.87) increase in drug use to 4.63%. In 2003–2004, 0.69% of youths were diagnosed and newly started on drugs, ref...
Carcinogenic Activity of the Flame Retardant, 2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-Propanediol in Rodents, and Comparison with the Carcinogenicity of Other NTP Brominated Chemicals

Several brominated chemicals have been shown to be multisite-multispecies carcinogens in laboratory animals, and in this paper we report that the flame retardant, 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (BMP) is also a multisite carcinogen in both sexes of Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. BMP was administered continuously in the diet for up to 2 yr to rats at doses of 0, 2,500, 5,000, or 10,000 ppm and to mice at doses of 0, 312, 625, or 1,250 ppm. Interim groups of rats were examined at 15 mo. An additional recovery group of male rats received the chemical for 3 mo at 20,000 ppm in the feed, and then the control diet for the remainder of the study. Chemical exposure caused neoplasms of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, mammary gland, Zymbal's gland, oral cavity, esophagus, forestomach, small intestine, large intestine, mesothelium, kidney, urinary bladder, lung, thyroid gland, seminal vesicle, hematopoietic system, and pancreas in the male rat; mammary gland, oral cavity, esophagus, and thyroid gland in the female rat; lung, kidney, and Harderian gland in male mice; and subcutaneous tissue, lung, and Harderian gland in the female mouse. The recovery group of male rats presented with the same spectrum of treatment-related neoplasms as in the core study. In this recovery group, BMP (at 20,000 ppm) caused irreversible effects at numerous sites after 90 days of exposure that was not detectable by histologic examination, but without further exposure resulted in carcinogenic responses at 2 yr. BMP is mutagenic in the salmonella test, but it was not determined if the BMP-induced effects that eventually lead to development of neoplasms at multiple sites are the same in both species and in all organ systems affected.
Advanced age does not exclude lobectomy for non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Study objectives Localized non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is best treated by complete surgical resection, commonly requiring lobectomy. The impact of lobectomy on the health status of the elderly patient is not well-characterized. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of lobectomy in elderly patients (≥ 70 years of age) and younger patients ( Design One hundred forty patients underwent lobectomy for NSCLC at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center from January 1999 to December 2003. All patients underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and functional status assessment using Karnofsky scores (KS) that were assessed preoperatively. Sixty-three of 140 lobectomy patients were available 1 year postoperatively for reevaluation by PFTs and KS. Results There was no statistical difference between groups in either the pulmonary function or functional status testing results at 1 year after undergoing lobectomy. FVC decreased by 14% in the elderly patient and by 9% in the younger patient group. FEV1 decreased by 19% in elderly patients and by 13% in younger patients. Functional status declined for two older patients (8%), who dropped their KS from 80 to 100% (normal activity without limitation) to 40 to 70% (unable to work, but able to care of self at home). Nine of the younger patients (24%) had KS drop from 80 to 100% to 40 to 70%. There was one perioperative death (30-day mortality rate for the study groups, 1.5%). Conclusions Elderly patients ≥ 70 years of age undergoing lobectomy for NSCLC had similar PFT results and functional status as younger patients
A conceptual model for the temporal spectrum of oceanic oxygen variability

[1] Changes in dissolved O2 observed across the world oceans in recent decades have been interpreted as a response of marine biogeochemistry to climate change. Little is known however about the spectrum of oceanic O2 variability. Using an idealized model, we illustrate how fluctuations in ocean circulation and biological respiration lead to low-frequency variability of thermocline oxygen. Because the ventilation of the thermocline naturally integrates the effects of anomalous respiration and advection over decadal timescales, short-lived O2 perturbations are strongly damped, producing a red spectrum, even in a randomly varying oceanic environment. This background red spectrum of O2 suggests a new interpretation of the ubiquitous strength of decadal oxygen variability and provides a null hypothesis for the detection of climate change influence on oceanic oxygen. We find a statistically significant spectral peak at a 15–20 year timescale in the subpolar North Pacific, but the mechanisms connecting to climate variability remain uncertain.
Thiamine metabolism in disease.

(1975). Thiamine Metabolism in Disease. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 289-313.
Disposition of lithium and magnesium following intravenous administration to pregnant animals

Abstract Following the administration of 5.5 mg. per kilogram lithium or 160 mg. per kilogram magnesium sulfate, the maternal blood, fetal blood, amniotic fluid, and chorionic fluid of pregnant mongrel dogs were analyzed for the presence of these substances. When maternal blood levels of lithium were maintained at 0.45 ± 0.15 mEq. per liter for 2 hours. lithium did not appear in the fetal blood, amniotic fluid, or chorionic fluid. When the maternal blood level of lithium approached 3.0 mEq. per liter in one animal, traces of lithium appeared in the fetal blood but not in the amniotic or chorionic fluid. Maintaining the maternal blood level of magnesium at 6.1 ± 4 mg. per cent for 2 hours was not sufficient to produce a significant increase in the level of magnesium in the fetal blood, amniotic fluid, or chorionic fluid. Moderately elevated maternal blood levels of lithium or magnesium do not produce rapid transfer of these substances to the fetal circulation.
Large-eddy simulations of turbulent reacting stagnation point flows

A methodology for solving unsteady premixed turbulent flame propagation problems in high Reynolds number (Re), high Damkoehler number spatially evolving flows is developed. The method is based on Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) with a subgrid combustion model based on the Linear-Eddy Model (Kerstein, 1991). An inter-LES cell burning mechanism has been added to the present formulation to account for molecular diffusion (burning) across LES cells which was been neglected in earlier studies. Two-dimensional simulations of passive isotropic flame propagation using the LES-LEM for Re from 100 to 1000 are conducted to validate the subgrid and supergrid propagation mechanisms. Two models are used to simulate turbulent premixed stagnation point flames. The first model is a conventional approach which uses a thin flame model (Kerstein et al., 1988) with and without significant heat release. The second model uses the LES-LEM approach without heat release. Qualitative comparisons between simulations and experimental data are made. (Author)
Optimal Location-Allocation of TCSC Devices on a Transmission Network

Installing a thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) device on a transmission network reduces network congestion and generation cost. We formulate the TCSC location-allocation problem as a mixed integer nonlinear program, and propose a novel decomposition procedure for determining the optimal location of TCSCs and their respective size for a network. The load uncertainty, AC characteristic of transmission lines, and nonlinear cost of TCSCs explicitly are considered. The results of applying the procedure to the IEEE 118-bus test system are reported, and insights into the TCSC location-allocation problem are provided.
Exploration of Teaching Reform on the Course of“Building the Environment”

According to the course background of built environment,the authors discussed the teaching reform details of built environment course combining with their own teaching experience,and explore teaching reform mainly from teaching contents and teaching methods in order to improve the teaching effect.
Burn me twice, shame on who? Interactions between successive forest fires across a temperate mountain region

Increasing rates of natural disturbances under a warming climate raise important questions about how multiple disturbances interact. Escalating wildfire activity in recent decades has resulted in some forests re-burning in short succession, but how the severity of one wildfire affects that of a subsequent wildfire is not fully understood. We used a field-validated, satellite-derived, burn-severity atlas to assess interactions between successive wildfires across the US Northern Rocky Mountains a 300,000-km2 region dominated by fire-prone forests. In areas that experienced two wildfires between 1984 and 2010, we asked: (1) How do overall frequency distributions of burn-severity classes compare between first and second fires? (2) In a given location, how does burn severity of the second fire relate to that of the first? (3) Do interactions between successive fires vary by forest zone or the interval between fires? (4) What factors increase the probability of burning twice as stand-replacing fire? Within the study area, 138,061 ha burned twice between 1984 and 2010. Overall, frequency distributions of burn severity classes (low, moderate, high; quantified using relativized remote sensing indices) were similar between the first and second fires; however burn severity was 5–13% lower in second fires on average. Negative interactions between fires were most pronounced in lower-elevation forests and woodlands, when fire intervals were <10 yr, and when burn severity was low in the first fire. When the first fire burned as high severity and fire intervals exceeded 10–12 yr, burn-severity interactions switched from negative to positive, with high-severity fire begetting subsequent high-severity fire. Locations most likely to experience successive stand-replacing fires were high-elevation forests, which are adapted to high-severity fire, and areas conducive to abundant post-fire tree regeneration. Broadly similar severities among short-interval “re-burns” and other wildfires indicate that positive severity feedbacks, an oft-posited agent of ecosystem decline or state shift, are not an inevitable outcome of re-burning. Nonetheless, context-dependent shifts in both the magnitude and direction of wildfire interactions (associated with forest zone, initial burn-severity, and disturbance interval) illustrate complexities in disturbance interactions and can inform management and predictions of future system dynamics.
Studies on Measurements of Turbulence near Inlet Ports of 1E150 Diesel Engine with Two Dimensional LDV

The measurements of turbulence features was made near the inlet ports of a loop scavenging two stroke diesel engine under the conditions of steady flows with two dimensional LDV.The results show that the main flow velocities of the inlet ports are different and the directions of main flows deviate from the axis of the inlet ports towards the scavenging side of the cylinder,and that the turbulent intensity components in x and y directions are roughly equal in the main flows but have a larger difference near the edge of the inlet jets.
An Approach to Determining the Functions of Hypocretin (Orexin)

Many papers on hypocretins/orexins begin with a list of the functions they regulate. Included in these lists are some of the following: sleep, food intake, water intake, gastric acid secretion, blood pressure, heart rate, movement, muscle tone, arousal, release of lutenizing hormone, corticosterone, insulin, growth hormone and prolactin. It is also reported that hypocretin/orexin coordinates monoamine, acetylcholine and amino acid release. Finally it is well established that the loss of hypocretin neurons is linked to narcolepsy (reviewed in ref. 1). One can anticipate that with further research the "laundry list" of hypocretin functions will continue to grow. Although the finding of links between hypocretin/orexin and a wide range of behaviors and physiological changes, is useful, it is obvious that a simple catalog of hypocretin/orexin relations does not provide a fundamental insight into its function(s). It is analogous to saying that the biceps muscle is involved in eating, drinking, motor activity, sexual behavior; sleep etc., because its activity is strongly modulated during all of these behaviors. In terms of its putative arousal functions, it is not sufficient to say that hypocretin/orexin is arousal related. A number of brain systems are active during arousal. Does hypocretin/orexin play a unique role? How does hypocretin's role in each of these behaviors or control mechanisms differ from that of other neurotransmitter systems? How does the loss of hypocretin/orexin explain the symptoms of narcolepsy? Is abnormal hypocretin/orexin function involved in all cases of human narcolepsy, including those with normal hypocretin/orexin levels in the CSF and no mutation of the hypocretin/orexin system? The theme of this chapter is that some answers are beginning to emerge from the hypocretin/orexin literature, although much remains to be done.
Stimulation of CO2 reduction to methane by methyl-coenzyme M in extracts of Methanobacterium

Abstract Addition of methyl-coenzyme M (CH3SCH2CH2SO3−) to undialized, anaerobic, cell-extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum under an atmosphere of H2 and CO2 (80:20 v/v) stimulates 30-fold the rate of CO2 reduction to methane. For each mol of CH3SCH2CH2SO3− added 12 mol of methane is produced. This stimulation phenomenon requires magnesium ion, ATP, H2, and CH3SCH2CH2SO3−. Neither the reduced form of the cofactor, HSCH2CH2SO3−, nor the oxidized, disulfide form will replace the methylated coenzyme.
Relationship Quality and Alcohol-Related Social Reinforcement During Couples Interaction

Individuals who are unhappy in their intimate partnerships are at risk for developing alcohol problems. But little is known about the mechanisms underlying this link. One possibility is that couples with poor relationship quality gain more reinforcement from alcohol in certain contexts-a possibility that has never previously been empirically examined. In the current study, 304 individuals (152 couples) were assigned to receive alcohol (target BAC .08%) or a non-alcoholic beverage. They then engaged in a conflict-resolution interaction with their partners. Videotaped interactions were coded by trained observers. Results revealed a significant interaction between alcohol and relationship quality across multiple measures. Alcohol decreased negative behaviors, decreased negative reciprocity, and enhanced self-reported experience to a greater extent during interactions involving individuals reporting low relationship quality and had comparatively little effect among those reporting high relationship quality. Findings point to a potential mechanism underlying problem drinking among couples with poor relationship quality.
In Search of the "Federal Presence" in the American West

In the last decade, scholars of western history have embraced the idea of a strong “federal presence” in the region. This essay argues that western historians need to explore this assumption by bringing greater specificity to studies of governmental power, while also setting those studies within the history of American state formation.
Challenges of Multidimensional Outcome Reporting after Suburethral Mid Urethral Sling Removal

Purpose: We sought to determine the types and frequency of presenting symptoms in women undergoing suburethral mid urethral sling removal to improve outcome reporting after removal.Materials and Methods: Following institutional review board approval women who underwent suburethral mid urethral sling removal of 1 mid urethral sling were evaluated for their presenting symptoms and correlation with the UDI-6 (Urogenital Distress Inventory-Short Form) questionnaire. Demographic data were recorded. Patient reported presenting symptoms were categorized into 5 domains, including storage symptoms, voiding symptoms, pain, recurrent urinary tract infections or urinary incontinence. The UDI-6 was reviewed preoperatively and 6 to 12 months postoperatively. We also calculated an ideal outcome, defined as resolution of incontinence, pain, resumption of sexual activity and no need for further anti-incontinence procedures.Results: A total of 230 women from 2006 to 2017 met study inclusion criteria, including 116 who comp...
A decade's difference: 10-year change in insomnia symptom prevalence in Canada depends on sociodemographics and health status.

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is recognized as a public health issue. The objectives of this study were to characterize and compare the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in the Canadian population in 2002 and 2012, and to identify sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of trouble sleeping. Methods Data from adult participants in the Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health cycles 2000-2002 (n = 34,118) and 2011-2012 (n = 23,089) were used. Participants responded to the question “How often do you have trouble going to sleep or staying asleep?”, with those who indicated “most of the time” or “all of the time” classified as having insomnia symptoms. Logistic regressions, adjusted for covariates, were used to examine differences between cycles. Results The unadjusted prevalence of insomnia symptoms increased from 15.6% to 17.1% between 2002 and 2012, representing an absolute increase of 1.5%. The likelihood of insomnia symptoms was significantly influenced by age, sex, education, physical health, and mental health status. A 3-way year-age-sex interaction was statistically significant such that women aged 40-59 demonstrated approximately 29% increased likelihood of insomnia symptoms from 2002 to 2012. This was reduced to 24% when adjusted for physical and mental health. There were no significant differences for men across age groups. Conclusion Over a 10-year period, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms increased in Canada. This trend appears to be driven in part by greater levels of insomnia symptoms among middle-aged women.
Lower life satisfaction, active coping and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older African Americans: outcomes of a longitudinal church-based intervention

This study examined lower life satisfaction, active coping and cardiovascular disease risk factors (diastolic and systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and circumferences) in older African Americans over the phases of an 18-month church-based intervention, using a quasi-experimental design. Participants (n = 89) were 45 years of age and older from six churches (three treatment, three comparison) in North Florida. Lower life satisfaction had a persistent unfavorable effect on weight variables. Active coping showed a direct beneficial effect on selected weight variables. However, active coping was adversely associated with blood pressure, and did not moderate the association between lower life satisfaction and cardiovascular risk factors. The intervention had a beneficial moderating influence on the association between lower life satisfaction and weight variables and on the association between active coping and these variables. Yet, this pattern did not hold for the association between active coping and blood pressure. The relationship of lower life satisfaction and selected cardiovascular risk factors and the positive effect of active coping were established, but findings regarding blood pressure suggest further study is needed.
Data Structures and Algorithms for Self Adaptive Local Grid Refinement

ABSTRACT Many models of important physical pehnomena are described using numerical schemes. Often, these numerical models are time dependent. Important active aspects of the phenomena are localized in small areas of the domain. These locations change often with time. Uniform gridding requires very small grid size. Very large domains would require large amounts of computer memory. Since the important changing areas are localized, grid size should be reduced only in the areas of high activity. Local refinement permits implementation of the model with significantly less storage allowing analysis of larger problems. Since the simulation procedes with time, the local refinement must also be able to dynamically adapt to reflect the movement of the active areas. Our aim is the development of high quality variational software capable of dynamic local grid refinement for general distribution. Herein, we discuss the data structure and algorithms needed to support the dynamic placing or removal of local refinement. The ability of a problem independent grid analysis to trigger the placement or removal of local refinement for an accurate local representation of temporal changes in the solution will be illustrated in a moving front situation.
2-Arylbenzothiazole derivatives for beta-amyloid plaque imaging

623 Objectives: It is well known that accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaques in the brain is implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). PET imaging studies in humans have been performed using the amyloid binding 11C radiotracer Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB). The results suggest that this imaging agent may be useful for diagnosis of AD. To improve the potential of this imaging technique for routine clinical studies, we have developed a novel series of 18F labeled fluoro-polyethylene glycol (FPEG) derivatives of PIB as PET imaging agents targeting Abeta plaques in the brain. We are particularly interested to investigate the size of FPEG and its effects on in vitro binding affinity as well as in vivo biodistribution (brain penetration in normal mice). Methods: The FPEG-PIB derivatives used in the study were synthesized starting from 2-(aminophenyl)-6-hydroxy-benzothiozole, which on N-monomethylation afforded the PIB compound. Subsequent alkylation of the hydroxyl group of PIB with various FPEG chloride or bromide gave the corresponding FPEG-PIB derivatives in 70-80% yield. Binding studies were evaluated using postmortem AD brain homogenates and biodistribution studies were carried out in normal mice. The F-18 compounds were prepared by K[F-18]F/K[2,2,2] displacement of MsO-derivative in exceelent yields. Results: In vitro competitive binding studies of compounds with [125I]-IMPY established that adding various length of FPEG group (n = 2-8) has little impact on the binding affinities (Ki = 2-9 nM). In vivo biodistribution studies of 18F labeled FPEG-PIB derivatives in normal mice showed initial brain uptake in the brain was 5.53 and 2.57 %dose/g at 2 min for n = 3 and 6, respectively; while the partition coefficient showed a comparable value (logP = 3.04 and 2.99, respectively). In vitro autoradiography using postmortem brain tissue sections suggested that n = 3 derivative has a more distinctive labeling of the plaques than that of n = 6 derivative. Conclusions: The preliminary studies established the structure activity relationship (SAR) of PIB derivatives and the initial data clearly show that FPEG-PIB n = 3 derivative is a suitable candidates for the development of novel Abeta plaque imaging agents. Research Support (if any): NIH AG-22559
Self-produced Locomotion

A few years ago, Emde, Gaensbauer, and Harmon (1976) highlighted two periods of rapid developmental reorganization in infancy. These periods were characterized by dramatic changes in perceptual, cognitive, and especially emotional functions. The period from 7 to 9 months of age is one of these times of rapid reorganization. It is marked by numerous changes in sensorimotor intelligence, including the beginnings of representation, changes in object permanence, new modes of understanding spatial relationships, more complex forms of imitation, and the beginnings of concept formation. This period also appears to be characterized by a burgeoning of fear: Infants at this age react aversively to separation, strangers, heights, looming stimuli, and various unfamiliar toys and objects (Scarr & Salapatek, 1970). The inverse of fear— security—also begins to be clearly evident. The child becomes capable of using the attachment figure as a “haven of safety” and as a “secure base for exploration” (Ainsworth, 1973; Bowlby, 1969). The important changes taking place in the attachment relationship herald major changes in other social contexts as well, including peer and sibling relationships and sociability to strangers (Campos, Barrett, Lamb, Goldsmith, & Stenberg, 1983).
Economics, Friend or Foe of Ethics

In this Chapter, I point out that economists who do not relax the utility maximizing assumption and its underpinning in psychological egoism, make economics a foe of ethics. I also note ironically, that economists do not push their psychological egoism assumption to its natural conclusion-that economic actors will cheat when it is in their interest to do so. However, by relaxing that assumption, new forms of economic analysis, such as transaction cost economics, can explain why codes of ethics may not be a good sign of a company’s morality, why an ethical climate can give a company a competitive advantage, and why multinational corporations have universal moral standards. Also relaxing the utility maximizing assumption allows fairness to be an explanatory variable. Lastly, economists tend to ignore the otherness of economic actors and thus promote peace.
H. A. Marujo and L. M. Neto (Eds): Positive Nations and Communities: Collective, Qualitative, and Cultural-Sensitive Processes in Positive Psychology

Positive nations and communities should foster well-being and justice at the individual and collective levels. This ideal state of affairs implies that well-being must be present in the people that inhabit the nation, as well as in the very structures that constitute the community or state. Thus we can talk about the well-being of people and the well-being of institutions. When it comes to justice, we expect positive nations to promote fairness for all members of society through ethical, principled, and just institutions. In this framework, individuals and collectives are beneficiaries as well as agents of wellness and fairness. Using this lens, we can organize the contributions to the book edited by Marujo and Neto. Feelings of interpersonal well-being and sense of community are insightfully explored, for example, through the constructs of altruism, friendship, forgiveness, and the practice of Satsang, which are women’s singing groups in India. Occupational wellbeing is explored in the professional development of psychologists and students through the use of co-curricular activities. The chapters dealing with these issues touch also on psychological well-being, and how it might be enhanced by participating in chanting groups or extra-curricular activities. People acquire self-efficacy by practicing a skill or studying a trade in groups. Psychological well-being is also enhanced through the practice of forgiveness, altruism, and friendship. The economic well-being of nations is also discussed in the first chapter dealing with various paradigms of ontology and epistemology and in the chapter dealing with the nation of Bhutan, which is focused on promoting happiness, and not just economic growth. Not much is said in the book about the promotion of physical health and wellness, which in my view complements interpersonal, communal, occupational, psychological, and economic well-being. Applied Research Quality Life (2014) 9:449–451 DOI 10.1007/s11482-014-9313-7
LMX and welfare trade-off ratios: An evolutionary perspective on leader-member relations

Abstract A growing stream of theory and research in evolutionary psychology proposes that people mentally represent dyadic relationships through an internal regulatory variable, the “Welfare Tradeoff Ratio.” I introduce welfare tradeoff theory and indicate how it speaks to the problematic distinction between social exchanges and relationship quality in Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory and research. I then address issues related to leader-member agreement, LMX development, upward impression management, emotions in leader-member relationships and LMX differentiation from the perspective of welfare tradeoffs. Implications and consideration of measurement also are discussed.
Business and Management Education Research: Developing and Assessing Research Streams Using Legitimation Code Theory

We examine the business and management education (BME) research field along three dimensions of the legitimation code theory (LCT). These dimensions (Specialization, Semantics, and Autonomy) showed...
Littlewood–Paley–Stein Theory with Respect to the Gaussian Measure

Littlewood–Paley–Stein theory is an important area in harmonic analysis, with a great number of applications, as Littlewood–Paley functions are very useful in the proof of the Lp boundedness of singular integral operators, and in the characterization of Hardy spaces. E. Stein, in his beautiful monograph [253] showed how the classical notions of the Littlewood–Paley theory could be extended well beyond the Euclidean setting and also showed explicitly its link to the martingale theory in probability.
The Organization of the Optic Tectum in Larval, Transforming, and Adult Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon marinus

The cytoarchitecture and neuronal morphology of the optic tectum were examined in larval, transforming, and adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. In small larvae, the tectum exhibits a simple two-layer pattern and neurons with rudimentary dendrites of radial or tangential orientation. During growth and transformation to the adult form, the tectum becomes a larger and more prominent brain structure. Tectal neurons, in the adult, are larger than those in the larvae and exhibit more complex dendritic arrays. Radially oriented primary dendrites exhibit higher-order branches with tangential orientation and many tangential dendrites have branches with radial orientation. The appearance of distinct fiber layers is characteristic of the maturing tectum which, in the adult, is differentiated into seven layers of cells and fibers. The major growth of the optic tectum during transformation is accompanied by the maturation of the neural retina and by changes in behavioral responses to visual stimuli.
Decreased mesolimbic dopaminergic signaling underlies the waning of maternal caregiving across the postpartum period in rats

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) signaling is essential for the high maternal caregiving characteristic of the early postpartum period, but little is known about dopamine’s role in the expression of maternal caregiving thereafter. We tested the hypothesis that decreased mesolimbic dopaminergic signaling is particularly responsible for the natural decline in maternal caregiving that occurs as the postpartum period progresses. Sprague-Dawley (SD) mother rats received intraperitoneal injections of either vehicle, the DA D1 receptor agonist SKF38393, the DA D2 receptor agonist quinpirole, or both agonists twice daily from postpartum days 9 to 15. In a separate experiment involving Long-Evans (LE) rats, we examined whether DA D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens (NA) shell and ventral tegmental area (VTA), along with DA turnover in the VTA, decline across the postpartum period in parallel with the decreasing maternal behavior. All drug treatments significantly maintained higher frequencies of active maternal behaviors (nesting, pup licking, retrieval) compared to vehicle. Furthermore, the majority of mothers treated with SKF38393 either alone or combined with quinpirole maintained full expression of maternal behavior during behavioral testing. D2 receptor mRNA levels were found to be lower in the late postpartum NA shell and VTA compared to early postpartum, but D1 receptor mRNA levels in the NA shell were higher in the late postpartum period. Furthermore, both late postpartum and recently parturient LE mothers had higher VTA DA turnover compared to nulliparae, suggesting changes in mesolimbic signal-to-noise ratio both at the end and beginning of motherhood. Collectively, our results suggest that alterations in mesolimbic DA is part of the neural substrate responsible for dynamic maternal caregiving across the entire postpartum period.
The Emerging Landscape of Edge Computing

Edge computing is a trending notion introduced a decade ago as a new computing paradigm for interactive mobile applications. The initial vision of the edge was a multi-tenant resource that will be used opportunistically for low-latency mobile applications. Despite that vision, we see in practice a different set of applications, driven by large-scale enterprises that have emerged and are driving realworld edge deployments today. In these applications, the edge is the primary place of storage and computation and, if network conditions allow, the cloud is opportunistically used alongside. We show how these enterprise deployments are driving innovation in edge computing. Enterprise-driven scenarios have a different motivation for using the edge. Instead of latency, the primary factors are limited bandwidth and unreliability of the network link to the cloud. The enterprise deployment layout is also unique: on-premise, single-tenant edges with shared, redundant outbound links. These previously unexplored characteristics of enterprise-driven edge scenarios open up a number of unique and exciting future research challenges for our community.
Chapter 16 – Cancer Glycomics

Publisher Summary New technologies are continuously evolving to identify specific glycan, glycopeptide, and glycoprotein differences found in cancer patient sera when compared to non-diseased, control sera. This chapter emphasizes recent studies that have focused on using analytical technologies to characterize altered glycan and glycoconjugate expression in cancer cells, tissues, and fluids such as serum from patients with cancer. Particular emphasis is placed on those that seek to exploit these aberrant glycan changes to develop potential tumor markers that could be used to direct chemotherapeutic agents or serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers of cancer or cancer risk. With the possibility of utilizing actual tumor-derived glycans and glycopeptides immobilized in arrays on slides, the odds of detecting antibodies to cancer-specific glycopeptides appear to significantly increase. There is new promise in the generation of robust immune responses to glycopeptides. Applying glycomic technologies for the identification of cancer-specific glycopeptides could, therefore, lead to the generation of efficacious anti-cancer vaccines. A formidable challenge that impacts all glycomics marker discoveries is to develop reliable clinical assay systems for detection of specific cancer glycoprotein glycoform such that large numbers of samples can be assayed during clinical trials. The results show that complicated sample preparation and time-consuming analytical procedures must be reduced and adapted so that analyses can be performed in a specialized clinical laboratory.
Aluminum Voiding And Delamination Induced BY High Intrinsic Stress

A typical robust metal stack consists of a Ti/TiN underlayer, aluminum, and a Ti/TiN top anti-reflective coating (ARC). This common film stack has been found to be susceptible to random yield loss based on the purity of the underlying titanium. The Ti purity ultimately changes the grain structure of the aluminum, resulting in higher intrinsic stress, delamination, and voiding, particularly in areas with dense via arrays. This paper will explain the potential mechanism for this phenomenon and propose a solution for how to prevent the metal voiding by modifying chamber conditioning.
A Model-Based Approach for the Qualification of Standard Operating Procedures

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) define the sequential actions performed by operators to complete a mission. The SOPS are designed to ensure safety and operational efficiency and are especially important for complex, non-normal, and emergency operations. In the aviation industry, airlines derive their SOPs from manufacturer’s SOPs to match their company policies and operational constraints. SOPs are designed and revised by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) and depending on available resources may be tested with a small sample of pilots. Due to the small sample size of subjects and the complexity of the environment and operations, the modified SOPs cannot be exhaustively tested. This is especially true for procedures that must be completed within an Allowable Operational Time Window (AOTW) that varies based on vehicle performance and environmental conditions. In these cases, the Time on Procedure (ToP), also variable due to variance in human performance, must be completed within the AOTW. Verifying the SOP for all the possible combinations of AOTW and ToP is critical to safe operations.This paper describes a formal method to quantify the performance of SOPs while taking into account variability in AOTW and ToP. The SOPs can be modeled and simulated in a Model-based System Engineering (MBSE) tool using standard modeling languages such as SysML and LML. A case study of the method is presented, and the results and limitations are discussed.
Interim third-party selection in bargaining

Abstract Third-party intervention can reduce the risk of conflict in situations where the bargaining failure is due to asymmetric information. In this paper, I consider the selection of a third party in a two-person bargaining problem where each disputant has private information about its relative strength or weakness. For a class of problems, I find that the disputants choose the third party that is best for the strong type but worst for the weak type due to the incentive of each disputant to avoid seeming weak to their adversary. The selected third party's intervention entails a higher ex ante chance of conflict than intervention by any other alternative. This paper shows how the process of interim third-party selection can have important consequences for the outcome of a third-party intervention in bargaining.
Intelligence Complements from the Built Environment: A review of Smart Building Technologies for Cognitively Declined Occupants.

Traditionally, caregivers, whether formal or informal, have taken the responsibility of providing assistance and care to patients with cognitive decline. Usually, both the caregiver and the patient are subjected to financial and emotional burdens, which impact the patient's life quality. To overcome this issue, Ambient Assistive Living (AAL) technologies have been adopted to replace the caregivers and complement patients' lack of intelligence. Technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have enabled intelligent ubiquitous learning for smart buildings to monitor the cognitively declined occupants and provide in-home assistive services and solutions. This paper aims to summarize and evaluate the intelligence complements provided by smart buildings that can increase the cognitively declined occupants' quality of life and autonomy. Through a systematic literature review, the authors find that most of the existing contributions are towards identifying the occupants' behavior, and thus, to determine corresponding assistive services and solutions. Five key research gaps are identified, including the lack of adequate adoption of technological interventions to fully support the occupants' autonomy and independence. The authors also propose a conceptual framework to highlight the research gaps in smart building applications for cognitively declined occupants and to map the future research directions.
Reliability modelling and performance analysis of bio-coal manufacturing system with deviation in demand

Man-made or natural catastrophes cause disruptions of the entire demand–supply chain. Generally, it takes longer to make up the demand–supply chain and ultimately there is a loss of revenue and reputation. The major purpose of this paper is to evaluate the cost–benefit and reliability of a bio-coal manufacturing plant with deviation in demand. Whenever demand deviates, it affects the production of the manufacturing plant, which is unable to reduce production when demand decreases from the market. As total production exceeds demand then usually the system has to shut down (to save with) and there is no production when the plant is in downstate. Moreover, we restart the production process when we get back to the expected demand from the market. RPGT and Markov's process are utilized to figure out the framework expressions i.e., availability, mean time plant failure, and profit of the manufacturing plant. Illustrations are presented to validate the results. Tables and graphs are drawn followed by analysis.
Therapeutic interventions to disrupt the protein synthetic machinery in melanoma

Control of the protein synthetic machinery is deregulated in many cancers, including melanoma, to increase the protein production. Tumor suppressors and oncogenes play key roles in protein synthesis from the transcription of rRNA and ribosome biogenesis to mRNA translation initiation and protein synthesis. Major signaling pathways are altered in melanoma to modulate the protein synthetic machinery, thereby promoting tumor development. However, despite the importance of this process in melanoma development, involvement of the protein synthetic machinery in this cancer type is an underdeveloped area of study. Here, we review the coupling of melanoma development to deregulation of the protein synthetic machinery. We examine existing knowledge regarding RNA polymerase I inhibition and mRNA translation focusing on their inhibition for therapeutic applications in melanoma. Furthermore, the contribution of amino acid biosynthesis and involvement of ribosomal proteins are also reviewed as future therapeutic strategies to target deregulated protein production in melanoma.
Parents' Achievement Goals and Perfectionism in Their Academically Talented Children.

Parents of academically talented students have been accused of pushing their children to attain high levels of achievement, as well as fostering performance anxiety and perfectionism in their children. Parents' achievement goals for their children, in terms of the focus on high performance or learning for understanding, were examined in relation to children's perfectionism. Parents (127 sets) and their sixth-grade academically talented children (56% boys) completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and parents reported their achievement goals for their children. Most parents reported learning goals, suggesting that emphasis on meeting external standards is not predominant among parents of talented students. Children of performance goal parents were significantly more likely to exhibit dysfunctional perfectionism than children of learning goal parents, reporting a combination of high concern about mistakes, doubts about actions, parental expectations, and parental criticism. Parents' achievement goals can help predict which students might be at risk for adjustment problems and future underachievement.
TIMING RULES FOR MAJOR TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENTS

The timing decision for major transportation investments – when to build – typically is made without an objective approach for considering the economic value of implementation at different times. This paper uses a model of benefit-cost analysis and derives rules for timing major transportation investments. Three sets of conditions are considered, depending on whether annual benefits of an investment are uncertain and whether the objective is to maximize net present value or simply to achieve positive net present value. The timing rules under each set of conditions are stated in three forms: benefit-cost ratio, annual benefits, and implementation time. The paper compares these timing rules analytically, discusses potential applications, and illustrates them with a numerical example. Consequences of incorrectly using the timing rules are also examined with the example.