cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF ACUTE BURSITIS BY NEEDLE IRRIGATION

1. Sixty-three cases of subdeltoid bursitis were treated by the simple irrigation method. 2. The results, evaluated on the basis of relief of the acute pain and on getting the patients back to work earlier than with any other form of treatment, seem to warrant its use. 3. The average period of economic disability following the irrigation is 4.8 days in the acute cases. There have been very few recurrences of symptoms in the acute cases (some of the cases have been followed for over thirteen months). 4. Irrigation is not desirable in cases in which the roentgenograms show old calcification with a hard, bonelike appearance, probably in the supraspinatus tendon. To show calcium, roentgenograms should be taken in as much internal and external rotation as possible. 5. Irrigation did no harm in any of our cases; it may, therefore, be tried in any case, but it is recommended primarily for the acute cases with localized signs and symptoms.
Robustness in Signal Detection

Signal detection systems frequently must operate in environments that are difficult to characterize with precise statistical models, and thus it is of interest to develop signal detection procedures that are robust against (i.e., insensitive to) deviations in the statistical behavior of signals and noise. During the past two decades there has been considerable work on the problem of designing such procedures, and in this chapter we present a survey of some of the principal developments in this area.
To Evaluate or Facilitate? Parties’ Perceptions of Mediation Affected by Mediator Style

This article reports findings from four empirical studies of mediation in civil and domestic relations cases that examined the effect of mediator style on parties' perceptions of mediation. The mediator's encouraging the parties to express their feelings and summarizing what the parties said had by far the strongest and most consistently positive effects on parties' perceptions. If the mediator evaluated the merits of the case and made some suggestions about possible settlements, the parties generally had more favorable perceptions of mediation. But if the mediator recommended a specific settlement, parties felt pressured to settle and thought the mediation process was less fair and the mediator was less neutral. When mediators kept silent about their views of the case, parties' perceptions were generally neither enhanced nor diminished. Overall, similar patterns of findings were observed in both civil and domestic relations mediation.
Interaction of biofeedback-assisted relaxation and diuretic in treatment of essential hypertension.

Thirty patients with essential hypertension participated in a study designed to compare two treatments: diuretic medication alone (n=10) and biofeedback assisted relaxation combined with diuretic (n=20). One of 10 patients lowered BP with diuretic alone and 11 of 20 patients lowered BP with diuretic combined with biofeedback-assisted relaxation. The addition of the behavioral intervention to the diuretic therapy produced a decrease in blood pressure beyond that associated with the diuretic alone. The decreases in BP mediated by diuretic were related to high entry levels of BP, low anxiety, forehead muscle tension, anger expression and plasma renin activity. The BP decrease mediated by combined diuretic and biofeedback-assisted relaxation was associated with high pretreatment BP, anger controlled, low finger temperature and high/normal plasma renin activity.
Laws of Form, Majorana Fermions, and Discrete Physics

The present paper is a discussion of how the idea of a distinction gives rise to fundamental physics. We will contact the physics and the mathematics in the course of developing our theme. In this introduction we give a brief tour of the terrain of the paper. To begin with, we recall the calculus of indications of G. Spencer-Brown [3]. This is a formal system composed of a single symbol, the ‘mark’.
Secuenciación de regiones hipervariables V3 y V6 de microorganismos presentes en un biodigestor de nopal

El desarrollo de estrategias limpias, eficientes y de bajo costo para la generacion de energia, es uno de los retos actuales mas importantes para la sociedad. La metanogenesis, un conjunto de procesos metabolicos llevado a cabo por arqueas en la etapa final, es aprovechada en biodigestores para la generacion de gas metano. El control de los microorganismos presentes en un biodigestor es determinante en la eficiencia de produccion de metano; asi mismo, sienta las bases para modificar, mediante ingenieria metabolica, los microorganismos metanogenicos y mejorar su eficiencia. En el presente trabajo se identificaron los microorganismos presentes en una muestra procedente de un biodigestor de nopal. Para identificar la mayor cantidad de microorganismos posible, se realizo un analisis metagenomico para determinar dos secuencias hipervariables de genes ribosomales 16 s. Los iniciadores utilizados permitieron identificar unicamente microorganismos del dominio de las procariontes; no se identificaron arqueas. El grupo de organismos con mayor representacion fue el filum Firmicutes, un importante grupo de bacterias cuya funcion es la degradacion de materia verde para la produccion de dioxido de carbono.
Epidemic characteristics of legal infectious disease in Nanning City from 2006-2010

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic characteristics and situation dynamic of legal infectious disease in Nanning City.[Methods]Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected from the National Disease Supervision Information Management System.[Results] The average annual morbidity rate of infection diseases was 662.33 / 100 000,and the average annual mortality rate was 2.15/100 000 in Nanning City from 2006-2010.Pulmonary tuberculosis,viral hepatitis,syphilis,gonorrhea,AIDS and HIV were the major diseases among adults,hand foot and mouth disease,mumps,diarrhea were the major diseases among children.[Conclusion]Tuberculosis,viral hepatitis,syphilis,gonorrhea,AIDS,and hand-foot-mouth disease,other infectious diarrhea,mumps,dysentery are the major diseases to threaten adults and children's health respectively and more efforts should be made to prevent and control these diseases.
Resistance and exchange microvessels are modulated by different PAF receptors.

Using several platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists, we investigated whether a differential receptor sensitivity to PAF exists between the arteriolar and venular segments of the mic...
Using Topic Modeling to Enhance Access to Library Digital Collections

ABSTRACTInformation centers are increasingly being confronted with the challenges of shifting information environments. The development of a digital information society has dictated that libraries devise strategies to capture, describe, and provide access to these digital documents in addition to physical formats. This is nowhere more apparent than in the field of government information. With a public access mandate and a distribution model that has forever been destabilized by the development of low barrier Web publishing technologies, libraries providing access to government information face more challenges than ever. This article looks at the possibility of using topic modeling to increase access to the growing number of poorly described digital texts distributed to libraries and archives. The article provides a basic overview of what topic modeling is and its potential applications in libraries, describes some popular tools and potential workflows, and illustrates how the author tested a potential wor...
Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Facilitates Feelings of Safety in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.

Background:Older adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a higher risk for hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia unawareness. Hypoglycemia can be dangerous, even fatal. Real-time continuous gl...
Provider attitudes and practice patterns of obesity management with pharmacotherapy

Background and purpose More than one third of American adults are obese. Extreme obesity is rapidly rising. Nine medications are approved for weight loss yet they remain underutilized with the focus primarily on lifestyle modifications. The objective was to determine current prescribing patterns and attitudes of weight loss medications in the management of obesity among primary care providers (PCPs). Methods PCPs were surveyed to determine practice patterns, attitudes, barriers, and facilitators for prescribing weight loss medications. Conclusions Ninety-four surveys were analyzed. Seventy-six percent of all PCPs did not prescribe weight loss medications for long-term weight loss and 58% of PCPs had negative perceptions of pharmacotherapy. Differences existed between prescribing patterns and attitudes of advanced practice clinicians and physicians. Safety concerns were the greatest barrier. Having 2+ comorbidities and severe obesity were facilitators for prescribing weight loss medications. Underutilization of pharmacotherapy suggests that PCPs may not have sufficient knowledge about medication safety profiles and efficacy. Delaying treatment until patients have reached a high level of morbidity may be less efficacious than earlier treatment. Implications for practice Education regarding effectiveness and risks of weight loss medications for obesity management is needed and earlier interventions with pharmacotherapy may prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
Lysine Deacetylation by HDAC6 Regulates the Kinase Activity of AKT in Human Neural Progenitor Cells.

The AKT family of serine–threonine kinases functions downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to transmit signals by direct phosphorylation of a number of targets, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and β-catenin. AKT binds to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) generated by PI3K activation, which results in its membrane localization and subsequent activation through phosphorylation by phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1). Together, the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway plays pivotal roles in many cellular systems, including in the central nervous system where it governs both neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity. Recently, lysine residues (Lys14 and Lys20) on AKT, located within its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that binds to membrane-bound PIP3, have been found to be acetylated under certain cellular contexts in various cancer cell lines. These acetylation modifications are removed by the enzymatic action of the class I...
Dynamic large eddy simulation: Stability via realizability

The concept of dynamic large eddy simulation (LES) is highly attractive: such methods can dynamically adjust to changing flow conditions, which is known to be highly beneficial. For example, this avoids the use of empirical, case dependent approximations (like damping functions). Ideally, dynamic LES should be local in physical space (without involving artificial clipping parameters), and it should be stable for a wide range of simulation time steps, Reynolds numbers, and numerical schemes. These properties are not trivial, but dynamic LES suffers from such problems over decades. We address these questions by performing dynamic LES of periodic hill flow including separation at a high Reynolds number Re = 37 000. For the case considered, the main result of our studies is that it is possible to design LES that has the desired properties. It requires physical consistency: a PDF-realizable and stress-realizable LES model, which requires the inclusion of the turbulent kinetic energy in the LES calculation. LES...
The Economics of Distance Education: Boxing Match or Productive Dialogue?.

A massive disconnect exists between policymakers and education technology professionals regarding distance education finances. If not addressed, this difference in viewpoints could be damaging to i...
Full-range, solar-reflected hyperspectral microscopy to support earth remote sensing research

Over the past 20 years, hyperspectral microscopy has grown into a robust field of analysis for a number of applications. The visible to near-infrared (VNIR; 400 to 1000 nm) region of the spectrum has demonstrated utility for the characterization of healthy and diseased tissue and of biomolecular indicators at the cellular level. Here, we describe the development of a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) microscope that is aimed at material characterization to complement traditional stand-off, earth remote sensing with hyperspectral sensors. We combine commercial off the shelf technology to build an HSI microscope to collect spectral data with illumination provided by a tunable laser. Hyperspectral imaging microscopy (HIM) facilitates detailed examination of target materials at the subcentimeter spatial scale. The custom-built, laser illumination HSI microscope covers the NIR to shortwave infrared (NIR/SWIR; 900 to 2500 nm) solar-reflected spectral range. It is combined with a separate VNIR sensor (400 to 900 nm) that utilizes quartz–tungsten–halogen lamps for illumination. The combined sensors provide a means to collect >10,000 s of spectra in the full VNIR/SWIR spectral range from both pure substances and precisely engineered linear and nonlinear mixtures. The large abundance of spectra allows for a more detailed understanding of the variability and multivariate probability distributions of spectral signatures. This additional information aids in understanding the variability observed in ground truth spectra collected from portable spectrometers, and it greatly enhances sample description and metadata content. In addition, HIM data cubes can serve as proxies, as “microscenes,” for systems engineering applications such as trade studies for HSI acquired by air- and space-borne sensors.
The therapeutic potential of anti-CD20: “What do B-cells do?”

B-cells play a major role in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Not only do they produce autoantibodies, but they regulate other cell types, secrete cytokines, and present antigens. They are thus potential targets for therapeutic intervention. CD20 is a B-cell specific cell surface molecule of uncertain function. An anti-CD20 chimeric mAb (rituximab) has been FDA approved for treatment of B-cell lymphomas since 1997. Rituximab also depletes normal B-cells by several mechanisms, including ADCC. Over the past seven years, it has shown promise in a number of autoimmune diseases in phase I trials and anecdotal reports. Efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis has already been demonstrated in randomized control trials (RCTs), and RCTs in SLE, inflammatory myositis, and ANCA associated vasculitis are under way. Safety does not appear to be a major problem, but continued vigilance is warranted. The increased use of rituximab, other anti-CD20 agents, and other B-cell targeting therapies holds great promise for substantial clinical benefits, as well as providing special opportunities to understand better disease pathogenesis.
Shakespeare in the Capitalocene: Titus Andronicus, Timon of Athens, and Early Modern Eco-Theater

Titus Andronicus (1588) and Timon of Athens (1607) theorize what Jason W. Moore calls the Capitalocene, a world in which capitalism has reshaped the earth’s materiality while also radically reconfi...
Justice at any cost? The impact of cost-benefit salience on criminal punishment judgments.

This study investigated the effect of cost-benefit salience on simulated criminal punishment judgments. In two vignette-based survey experiments, we sought to identify how the salience of decision costs influences laypeople's punishment judgments. In both experiments (N1 = 109; N2 = 398), undergraduate participants made sentencing judgments with and without explicit information about the direct, material costs of incarceration. Using a within-subjects design, Experiment 1 revealed that increasing the salience of incarceration costs mitigated punishments. However, when costs were not made salient, punishments were no lower than those made when the costs were externalized (i.e., paid by a third party). Experiment 2 showed the same pattern using a between-subjects design. We conclude that, when laypeople formulate sentencing attitudes without exposure to the costs of the punishment, they are prone to discount those costs, behaving as if punishment is societally cost-free. However, when cost information is salient, they utilize it, suggesting the operation of a genuine, albeit labile, punishment preference. We discuss the implications of these findings for psychological theories of decision making and for sentencing policy, including the degree of transparency about the relevant costs of incarceration during the decision process.
Applications of Hetero-functional Graph Theory

The sixth chapter of this book serves to point the reader to further applications of hetero-functional graph theory. It highlights the many already-existing applications of the theory: 1. Mass-Customized Production Systems, 2. Multi-Modal Transportation Systems, 3. Electric Power Systems, 4. Multi-Modal Electrified Transportation Systems, 5. Microgrid-Enabled Production Systems, and 6. Personalized Healthcare Delivery Systems.
LA Ink: tattooing, gender, and the casual leisure of tattoo television

Tattooing has historically been associated with masculine subcultures. Therefore, men are often represented as tattoo artists—rarely women. LA Ink is the only reality tattoo television show that has a predominantly female cast. How does this representation impact women working in the tattoo industry—the object of the representation? Interviews were conducted with seventy women who are either tattoo collectors, tattoo artists, or both, and asked about their thoughts on the representation of women on tattoo television shows and the impact on the industry. Interviewees also provide insight on their experiences of being a heavily tattooed woman or artist. This article uses Robert Stebbins’ theoretical framework of ‘casual leisure’ to hypothesize that the target audience of LA Ink and other shows, is more likely casual tattoo collectors of both genders, less invested in the tattooing profession than artists or serious collectors. The article also uses feminist theory to understand the particular role of women working in the male dominated industry as well as the social differences for women when they become heavily tattooed, as compared to men.
Neuroethics for the National Institutes of Health BRAIN Initiative.

### Background on the National Institutes of Health BRAIN Initiative and neuroethics The National Institutes of Health (NIH) works tirelessly to support the best science and ensure that its funded research adheres to the highest ethical standards. From its inception, the NIH Brain Research through
Budset and growth of eastern white pine following application of 6-benzylaminopurine to seedlings fertilized with different levels of nitrogen.

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were potted and solution fed once weekly during 2 growing seasons with 5 levels of N in the irrigation water: 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm. Leaders were treated with 750 ppm 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in late June of the first year. The higher N levels resulted in greater stem diameter, greater foliage dry weight, longer and heavier needle fascicles, better foliage color, greater budset after application of BA, and more and longer branches on the BA-treated leader the second growing season. BA should be applied to trees with N concentration ≥ 1.5% in one-year-old foliage.
National Trends and Complications in the Surgical Management of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL).

Study design A retrospective database analysis. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze US trends in surgical approaches for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL); and to compare US patient and hospital characteristics, length of stay, total charges, and 30-day complications by surgical approach in OPLL management. Summary of background data A robust literature on surgical management of OPLL in East Asian countries, where OPLL has a higher prevalence, exists. However, there is a paucity of literature evaluating the surgical management of OPLL in non-Asian countries. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), we identified surgically treated OPLL patients from 2003 to 2014. Data on patient characteristics, surgical approaches, complications, hospital characteristics, length of stay, and hospital charges were extracted and analyzed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-squared tests were used to assess variation across categorical variables. Linear regression was used to evaluate the trend of surgical management for OPLL over the study timeframe. Results Five thousand two hundred twelve patients fit our inclusion criteria. The overall complication rate was 21.5%, but the highest complication rate was for patients undergoing a combined anterior-posterior decompression/fusion (44.7%). Patients undergoing a combined anterior-posterior decompression/fusion had a longer length of stay and higher total charges (P Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the largest study examining the surgical treatment of OPLL in a non-Asian country. OPLL surgical cases increased over the study timeframe and the overall surgical complication rate was 21.5%. The percentage of Asians or Pacific Islanders with OPLL undergoing surgical intervention was 10.8%, which is higher than the prevalence in the US population (4.9%). This suggests a potential genetic component to OPLL. Future work is warranted to determine how best to decrease the high complication rate. Level of evidence 4.
The Interface of Child Welfare and Parental Criminal Justice Involvement: Policy and Practice Implications for the Children of Incarcerated Parents

There is a significant interplay between the adult corrections system and the child welfare system in the USA through the families involved in both systems. Perspectives on the interaction between these two systems and the implications of this interaction for children with incarcerated parents are provided by three authors who have collective experience in administration, practice, and research in both systems. Issues related to policies and practices in both child welfare and corrections are discussed, including monitoring parental incarceration, interagency communication and collaboration, parent–child visits, and the termination of parental rights. Recommendations are made for future research, policy, and practice. New approaches within child welfare and corrections are needed that are in the best interests of the child, his or her family, and society at large.
Longitudinal outcomes of a brief interprofessional educational experience with or without an interprofessional education course

Best practices for delivering interprofessional education (IPE) continue to be debated. The objective of this study was to compare the longitudinal effects of two different methods of delivering IP...
Introduction of Low-Barrier High-Throughput Experimentation in the Undergraduate Laboratory: Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction

A contemporary undergraduate laboratory experiment incorporating parallel microscale experimentation was developed for the well-defined palladium catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid with both 4-chloro- and 4-bromoanisole using 11 diverse phosphine ligands and one ligandless control. This laboratory introduces students to low-barrier high-throughput experimentation (HTE) technique that is widely utilized in both academic and industrial research settings. This experiment compliments current topics discussed in organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and organometallic chemistry lecture courses and serves to reinforce the students’ understanding of fundamental concepts of transition metal mediated cross-coupling reactions. Students are also exposed to common analytical tools (thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)) used in research settings to analyze the corresponding experimental data.
Macroscale and Nanoscale Photoelectrochemical Behavior of p-Type Si(111) Covered by a Single Layer of Graphene or Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Two-dimensional (2D) materials may enable a general approach to the introduction of a dipole at a semiconductor surface as well as control over other properties of the double layer at a semiconductor/liquid interface. Vastly different properties can be found in the 2D materials currently studied due in part to the range of the distribution of density-of-states. In this work, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of p-Si-H, p-Si/Gr (graphene), and p-Si/h-BN (hexagonal boron nitride) in contact with a series of one-electron outer-sphere redox couples was investigated by macroscale measurements as well as by scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). The band gaps of Gr and h-BN (0-5.97 eV) encompass the wide range of band gaps for 2D materials, so these interfaces (p-Si/Gr and p-Si/h-BN) serve as useful references to understand the behavior of 2D materials more generally. The value of Voc shifted with respect to the effective potential of the contacting solution, with slopes (ΔVoc/ΔEEff) of -0.27 and -0.38 for p-Si/Gr and p-Si/h-BN, respectively, indicating that band bending at the p-Si/h-BN and p-Si/Gr interfaces responds at least partially to changes in the electrochemical potential of the contacting liquid electrolyte. Additionally, SECCM is shown to be an effective method to interrogate the nanoscale photoelectrochemical behavior of an interface, showing little spatial variance over scales exceeding the grain size of the CVD-grown 2D materials in this work. The measurements demonstrated that the polycrystalline nature of the 2D materials had little effect on the results and confirmed that the macroscale measurements reflected the junction behavior at the nanoscale.
Immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer: has its time arrived?

Introduction: Within the last decade, multiple innovative immune platforms have been developed and tested in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with only one demo...
In vivo T1 mapping for quantifying glymphatic system transport and cervical lymph node drainage.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for tracking glymphatic system transport with paramagnetic contrast such as gadoteric acid (Gd-DOTA) administration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) requires pre-contrast data for proper quantification. Here we introduce an alternative approach for glymphatic system quantification in the mouse brain via T1 mapping which also captures drainage of Gd-DOTA to the cervical lymph nodes. The Gd-DOTA injection into CSF was performed on the bench after which the mice underwent T1 mapping using a 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence on a 9.4 T MRI. In Ketamine/Xylazine (KX) anesthetized mice, glymphatic transport and drainage of Gd-DOTA to submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes was demonstrated as 25–50% T1 reductions in comparison to control mice receiving CSF saline. To further validate the T1 mapping approach we also verified increased glymphatic transport of Gd-DOTA transport in mice anesthetized with KX in comparison with ISO. The novel T1 mapping method allows for quantification of glymphatic transport as well as drainage to the deep and superficial cervical lymph nodes. The ability to measure glymphatic transport and cervical lymph node drainage in the same animal longitudinally is advantageous and time efficient and the coupling between the two systems can be studied and translated to human studies.
Dihadron Correlations Relative to the Event Plane in 200 GeV Au+Au Collisions from STAR

Dihadron correlations with a high-pT trigger particle are analyzed by STAR relative to the event plane in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV (arXiv:1010.0690v1). The elliptic and quadrangular flow anisotropies are subtracted. The remaining dihadron correlation signals are found to be composed of a near-side peak, which is separated into jet-like and ridge-like components, and an away-side correlation structure. The ridge-like structure is found to decrease with the trigger particle azimuthal angle relative to the event plane from in-plane to out-of-plane. The away-side structure is found to evolve from single-peak for in-plane triggers to double-peak for out-of-plane triggers. Is the dihadron correlation signal just a manifestation of the triangular and higher-order harmonic flows? This talk addresses this question, exploring the answers using limiting-case assumptions, and discusses the implications of the data regarding the ridge and the double-peak structure.
Do Managers Voluntarily Disclose to Guide Themselves Through Policy Uncertainty? A Managerial Learning Perspective

We examine whether economic policy uncertainty (EPU) encourages managers to issue voluntary disclosures to facilitate learning from stock prices regarding investment decisions. We find that EPU is positively associated with subsequent capital expenditure (capex) forecast issuance. Consistent with a learning channel, we find that this relation is pronounced when potential investments are irreversible, when managers are less informed regarding potential policy changes, and in the presence of politically-connected institutional ownership in the firm’s equity. We also find our results are robust to addressing omitted variable bias when using the 2016 presidential election and the 2018-19 U.S.–China trade dispute as shocks to specific sources of policy uncertainty. Further consistent with managers learning from price reactions, we find that realized capital expenditures are significantly adjusted in the direction of market reactions to capex forecasts, particularly during periods of elevated EPU, and that these market-related capital expenditure adjustments are positively associated with future firm performance. Finally, we provide evidence that the effect of EPU on capex forecasts appears distinct from an information asymmetry channel through which prior studies link voluntary disclosures to policy uncertainty. Overall, we document managerial learning as a novel voluntary disclosure incentive in response to policy uncertainty.
Investigating women's and men's propensity to use traffic information in a developing country

Congestion problems and their vast negative effects on transportation networks are at the center of transportation providers’ attention. Considering the high costs associated with extending highway networks, using transportation demand management (TDM) strategies to alleviate congestion is a more cost-effective approach; however, planning and implementing TDM policies and strategies, in particular, necessitate careful examination and detailed analysis of commuter behavior and tendencies. Providing traffic condition information via radio to guide drivers through less congested paths is one common method of low-cost TDM in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to study the different behaviors between men and women in responding to traffic information that they receive by radio, as a part of advanced in-vehicle systems. In order to conduct this study, a random sample of drivers was surveyed to investigate their travel behaviors and responses while they were exposed to traffic information obtained through radio. Each gender response was studied separately to examine any possible differences in their propensity to use traffic information. In doing so, the ordered logit model was designated and NLOGIT package was used. The final results showed that age, driving time, listening to radio traffic information, preferred arrival time at workplace, and delay time variables in both men’s and women’s models were in common, but education and occupation were identified as significant in the females’ behavior only, and income and car ownership were significant for males. It is expected that appropriate decisions in recognition of these study results should be made to develop more effective traffic information for different users.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an empirically supported psychotherapy with mounting evidence for its efficacy in treating borderline personality disorder, nonsuicidal self-injury, and suicidal behaviors. Based on psychologist Marsha Linehan's (b. 1943) biosocial theory of the development and maintenance of borderline personality disorder, behavior theory, and dialectics. Dialectical behavior therapy is a multimodal treatment with specific treatment stages and targets. Since its early beginnings, DBT has also demonstrated efficacy at reducing hostility, impulsivity, anger, depression, substance use, anxiety, eating-disordered behaviors, and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Dialectical behavior therapy has demonstrated efficacy in adults and adolescents, as well as elderly and forensic populations. Dismantling studies to date have been few, and further work needs to be done to understand the specific mechanisms underlying the efficacy of DBT in these populations, as well as to determine a necessary length of treatment. Keywords: borderline personality disorder; exposure-based therapies; group psychotherapy; mindfulness/meditation; self-injury; behavior therapy; cognitive behavior therapy; suicide
WE-B-BRD-01: MR-LINAC

The use of MRI in radiation therapy is rapidly increasing. Applications vary from the MRI simulator, to the MRI fused with CT, and to the integrated MRI+RT system. Compared with the standard MRI QA, a broader scope of QA features has to be defined in order to maximize the benefits of using MRI in radiation therapy. These QA features include geometric fidelity, image registration, motion management, cross-system alignment, and hardware interference. Advanced MRI techniques require a specific type of QA, as they are being widely used in radiation therapy planning, dose calculations, post-implant dosimetry, and prognoses. A vigorous and adaptive QA program is crucial to defining the responsibility of the entire radiation therapy group and detecting deviations from the performance of high-quality treatment. As a drastic departure from CT simulation, MRI simulation requires changes in the work flow of treatment planning and image guidance. MRI guided radiotherapy platforms are being developed and commercialized to take the advantage of the advance in knowledge, technology and clinical experience. This symposium will from an educational perspective discuss the scope and specific issues related to MRI guided radiotherapy. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the difference between a standard and a radiotherapy-specific MRI QA program. 2. Understand the effects of MRI artifacts (geometric distortion and motion) on radiotherapy. 3. Understand advanced MRI techniques (ultrashort echo, fast MRI including dynamic MRI and 4DMRI, diffusion, perfusion, and MRS) and related QA. 4. Understand the methods to prepare MRI for treatment planning (electron density assignment, multimodality image registration, segmentation and motion management). 5. Current status of MRI guided treatment platforms. Dr. Jihong Wang has a research grant with Elekta-MRL project. Dr. Ke Sheng receives research grants from Varian Medical systems.
Biosynthesis of a mycobacterial lipopolysaccharide. Properties of the polysaccharide methyltransferase.

Abstract Whole cells of Mycobacterium phlei, incubated with methyl-14C-l-methionine, synthesize a 6-O-methyl-d-glucose-containing lipopolysaccharide in which the methyl groups of the 6-O-methylglucose become extensively labeled. A soluble enzyme was obtained from sonically disrupted M. phlei cells which catalyzed the transfer of methyl groups from methyl-14C-S-adenosylmethionine to endogenous acceptor, yielding labeled lipopolysaccharide. Nucleotides containing 6-O-methylglucose could not be detected in such incubations or in incubations with whole cells. d-Gluco-oligosaccharides with α-(1 → 4)-linkages, prepared by partial acetolysis of amylose, were good acceptors in the methyltransferase system. The most active oligosaccharide fraction contained 7 to 10 glucose units, and the product of the methyltransferase reaction with such an acceptor contained methylated sequences of at least 6 glucose units. Oligosaccharides prepared from cellulose were not active as acceptors. The methyltransferase, with amylo-oligosaccharides as the acceptor, had a pH optimum of 7.0, was activated by ammonium and magnesium ions, and had an apparent Km of 10-4 m for S-adenosyl-l-methionine. Since the lipopolysaccharide of Mycobacterium species contains a sequence of about 10 α-(1 → 4)-linked 6-O-methyl-d-glucose units, and since the methyltransferase described here catalyzed the methylation of α-(1 → 4)-linked d-gluco-oligosaccharides, we conclude that the polysaccharide component of the lipopolysaccharide is probably methylated at the polymer level during its biosynthesis.
Isofocusing of antigenic small nuclear ribonucleoproteins: I. Compositional analysis

Abstract This report describes the behavior of antigenic small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) in native isofocusing gels. These RNA-protein complexes exhibited true isofocusing characteristics only when in the complexed form. Deproteinized snRNAs migrated to pH ranges which varied according to the pH of the application site. Immunological assays using lupus sera which recognized the La, Sm, and RNP determinants on these snRNPs established that the La and the Sm/RNP antigens segregated to pH 4.7–4.9 and 5.5–7.5, respectively. RNase digestion of these snRNPs did not alter the isofocusing migration of either the Sm or the La determinants. These antigenically active fractions contained the appropriate protein and RNA species shown by immunoprecipitation studies to associate with these antigenic determinants. The isofocusing fractions containing the uridylic acid-snRNPs were fully immunoprecipitable by anti-Sm sera, confirming their particulate integrity after isofocusing.
Topographic Rossby waves in a rough-bottomed ocean

The object is to predict the nature of small-amplitude long-period oscillations of a homogeneous rotating fluid over a ‘sea bed’ that is nowhere level. Analytically, we are limited to special choices of bottom topography, such as sinusoidal corrugations or an undulating continental slope, so long as the topographic restoring effect equals or exceeds that due to planetary curvature (the beta-effect). (Very slight topographic features, on the other hand, provide weak, resonant interactions between Rossby waves.)Integral properties of the equations, and computer experiments reported elsewhere, verify the following results found in the analytical models: typical frequencies of oscillation are [lsim ]fδ, where f is the Coriolis frequency and δ measures the fractional height of the bottom bumps; an initially imposed flow pattern of large scale will rapidly shrink in scale over severe roughness (even the simplest analytical model shows this rapid change in spatial structure with time); and energy propagation can be severely reduced by roughness of the medium, the energy velocity being of order fδa, where a is the horizontal topographic scale (although in an exceptional case, the sinusoidal bottom, the group velocity remains finite for vanishingly small values of a).
Partial Agonism And Lobe Orientation In The Glutamate Receptor, Glur2

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate the majority of excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate CNS. iGluRs are ligand-gated ion channels and their complete structure is unknown; however, studies on the soluble constructs of ligand binding cores (S1S2) have provided considerable insight into structure, function and dynamics. A number of X-ray structures of these constructs bound to various ligands have been determined, all showing a bilobal structure open to different degrees depending on the bound ligand. Some structures of GluR2 S1S2 suggested a direct correlation between the degree of lobe closure and the efficacy of channel opening. However, significantly different structures were obtained in several cases for the same ligand at different crystallization conditions. The measurement by NMR spectroscopy of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) in partially aligned proteins provides a means of orienting protein domains in solution. We used this method to determine the domain orientation of GluR2 S1S2 bound to partial agonists and an antagonist. The precision required and the limited stability of S1S2 made it necessary for us to develop a somewhat novel approach. The main limitation for achievable precision is the presence of “structural noise” in X-ray structures. We refined several structures using NH RDCs measured in 5 alignment media for S1S2 bound to glutamate. These structures were then shown to exhibit reduced structural noise when used with RDCs measured with other ligands. This allowed us to calculate the difference in the lobe orientation between glutamate and any other ligand with high precision. The results indicate that the degree of lobe closure is not necessarily correlated to the efficacy of a ligand, and that in some cases, the lobe orientation is likely to be highly dynamic.
Spin glass behavior in the new amorphous alloys M2SnTe4 (M=Cr, Mn, Fe)☆

Abstract The amorphous alloys M 2 SnTe 4 (M=Cr, Mn, Fe) are prepared by a new method involving the oxidation of main group polyanions (Zintl anions) by transition metal cations in solution at or below room temperature. The M 2 SnTe 4 materials undergo a transition to a spin glass state at 12 K ⩽ T f ⩽ 20 K and were characterized by dc magnetization, 57 Fe and 119 Sn Mossbauer and x-ray diffraction measurements as well as the behavior of the remanent magnetization.
Dynamics of surface profile evolution through surface diffusion.

We have studied the evolution, mediated by surface diffusion, of periodic corrugations on a surface using Monte Carlo simulations on a solid-on-solid (SOS) model. Above the roughening temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{R}}$, for both unidirectional and bidirectional sinusoidal corrugations of wavelength L, the amplitude h decays exponentially with time h/${\mathit{h}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}exp(-\ensuremath{\alpha}t), with t/${\mathit{L}}^{4}$ scaling in agreement with Herring-Mullins theory. Below the roughening temperature, there is a gradual transition to a power-law decay of the amplitude as the temperature is lowered. The wavelength scaling varies with the substrate temperature and the periodicity of the corrugation in the two orthogonal transverse directions. Well below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{R}}$, the amplitude in unidirectional sinusoidal corrugations evolves with time according to h/${\mathit{h}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}(1+\ensuremath{\lambda}t${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, with t/${\mathit{L}}^{5}$ scaling for diffusion-limited kinetics, in agreement with the theory of Ozdemir and Zangwill [Phys. Rev. B 42, 5013 (1990)]. In bidirectional sinusoidal corrugations, profile decay is driven by a combination of line-tension and step-step entropic repulsion, in agreement with the theory of Rettori and Villain [J. Phys. (Paris) 49, 257 (1988)]. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Gun availability, psychopathology, and risk of death from suicide attempt by gun

PURPOSE: Suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents and the 8th leading cause of death overall. Guns figure prominently in this problem. Guns are the most lethal means of suicide, and in the United States about 60% of all suicides are committed by guns. We examined hospital admissions for suicide attempts (para-suicide) in the city of Chicago between 1990-1997. Our aim was to 1) quantify the risk of death from para-suicide by gun versus other methods, 2) determine whether individual with psychopathology are more likely than others to attempt suicide by gun, 3) determine proportion of variation in para-suicide by gun explained by community-level gun availability independent of individual-level determinants of para-suicide by gun.METHODS: Hospital admissions from city of Chicago during 1990-1997 were examined for cases of attempted or completed suicide. 11,584 individuals were identified with a diagnosis of para-suicide (E950-E959, classifiable to ICD-9CM). These individuals were then classified into suicide type (e.g., gun, crash, cut, poison) and were also identified as having a mental disorder or not (mental diagnoses classifiable to ICD-9CM).RESULTS: 1) Those attempting suicide by gun are about 70 times more likely to die from their injuries than those attempting suicide by other means. 2) Depressed and psychotic individuals compared with individuals with no-mental disorders are significantly more likely to attempt suicide with a gun (p < 0.001). 3) Inclusion of community-level gun availability in a hierarchical model reduced the variation in the model by 16%.CONCLUSIONS: Guns are the most lethal suicide method. Community-level availability, independent of individual-level factors, is an important determinant of suicide attempt by gun.
Personality, motivational and situational determinants of regular and occasional use of smokeless tobacco

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of personality, motivational, and situational factors on Regular (n=191) and Occasional (n=80) users of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products. The participants completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Spielberger’s State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI) and Anger Expression (AX) Scale, and questionnaires designed to evaluate the reasons why SLT-Users begin, continue, and are motivated to use smokeless tobacco. Occasional Users had higher scores than Regular Users on the EPQ Extraversion scale; no other personality differences were found between these groups. Ratings of the importance of the reasons for beginning to use tobacco products were quite similar for the Regular and Occasional Users; novelty and enjoyment were ranked highest by both groups. In contrast, Regular Users rated 7 of the 10 reasons for continuing to use tobacco as significantly more important than Occasional Users; enjoyment, stimulation and management of emotions were ranked as most important by both groups. Findings that smokeless tobacco products enhanced positive affect and intellectual stimulation, and reduced anxiety and boredom were generally consistent with Eysenck’s Diathesis Stress Model.
A spatial marching technique for the inviscid blunt body problem

A technique has been developed for obtaining approximate solutions of the inviscid, hypersonic flow on a blunt body with a spatial marching scheme. The scheme introduces the Vigneron pressure gradient approximation into the momentum equation in the direction along the body surface. The resulting governing equations are hyperbolic. With a specified shock wave these equations are solved at the stagnation streamline with an iteration procedure and are solved in the downstream direction with a marching scheme. The complete Euler equations are solved with the numerical scheme when the flow is supersonic. A global iteration procedure is required to obtain the shock wave location. The approximate results from the spatial marching technique are compared with the complete solution of the Euler equations for flow over a sphere. The two results are shown to be in approximate agreement and the spatial marching technique provides useful engineering predictions while requiring considerably less computational time.
Covalent display of oligosaccharide arrays in microtiter plates.

A covalent array for the display of complex oligosaccharides in microtiter plates has been developed. This strategy is conducive to the display of carbohydrates to proteins of interest such as lectins and antibodies, including the broadly neutralizing antibody 2G12 against HIV envelope oligomannose and can be cleaved from the surface for further characterization by mass spectrometry. The system was used to probe the multivalent interaction of 2G12 with an optimal epitope (Kd 0.1 μM).
Byron, mobility, and the poetics of historical ventriloquism

(1985). Byron, mobility, and the poetics of historical ventriloquism. Romanticism Past and Present: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 67-82.