cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Open Trial of Rolling Admission Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (Rolling MBRP): Feasibility, Acceptability, Dose-Response Relations, and Mechanisms

Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) is an effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). However, evidence is primarily based on studies of closed groups, and few studies support flexible formats of MBRP, such as rolling groups. This nonrandomized, open trial evaluated feasibility, acceptability, dose-response relations, and mechanisms of rolling admission MBRP ("Rolling MBRP") offered as part of short-term residential treatment for SUD. Rolling MBRP was developed prior to the trial through an iterative process over several years. Participants included 109 adults (46% female, 74.3% racial/ethnic minorities, mean age=36.40). Rolling MBRP was offered to all patients in the program 2x/week and attendance was tracked. Outcomes were craving, self-efficacy, mental health, mindfulness, and self-compassion at discharge. Self-reported out-of-session mindfulness practice was examined as a mediator of attendance-outcome relations. Analyses involved multiple regression and mediation models. Feasibility was demonstrated by good attendance rates. Acceptability was demonstrated by high engagement in mindfulness practice and high satisfaction ratings. Total sessions attended did not predict outcomes at discharge. However, attending 2+ sessions (versus 1 or none) significantly predicted better mental health and higher mindfulness at discharge, and these effects were mediated by informal and formal mindfulness practice. Total sessions attended had significant indirect effects on craving, self-compassion, mindfulness, and mental health, via mindfulness practice. Results support the feasibility and acceptability of Rolling MBRP and suggest mindfulness practice may be a key mechanism driving effects of MBRP on other key mechanisms during the recovery process, such as decreased craving and improved mental health.
An Ultrafast Multibit/Stage Pipelined ADC Testing and Calibration Method

A novel ultrafast and low-cost pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) testing and calibration method is proposed. The ADC nonlinearities are modeled as segmented parameters with interstage gain errors. During the test phase, a pure sine wave is sent as input and the model parameters are estimated from the output data with the system identification method. Significantly, fewer samples are required when compared to traditional histogram testing. The modeled errors are then removed from the digital output codes during the calibration phase. Extensive simulations have been run to verify the correctness and robustness of the proposed method. With just 4000 samples, a 12-bit ADC can be accurately tested and calibrated to achieve less than 1 least significant bit (LSB) integral nonlinearity (INL). Measurement results show that the ADC effective number of bits (ENOB) is improved from 9.7to 10.84 bits and the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is improved by 20 dB after calibration. The chip is fabricated in 40-nm technology and consumes 10.71 mW at a sampling rate of 125 MS/s.
Evaluating a dietary pattern in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: The dash-d approach.

Objective: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) must consider multiple factors in diet planning, including glycemic control and cardiovascular disease prevention, while ensuring adequate nutrition for growth. We examined diet composition, quality, and compliance for two dietary patterns - the traditional Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and a modified version of DASH in this population. Methods and Findings: Two feeding studies were conducted. First, adolescents with T1DM consumed their usual diet for 6 days followed by traditional DASH for 6 days. Next, DASH menus were adjusted to align with T1DM nutrition guidelines, and this modified DASH for Diabetes (DASH-D) was tested on a new group of adolescents with T1DM for 6 days, following 6 days of usual diet. Usual diet was measured via 24-hr dietary recalls. Dietary composition of DASH-D was compared to DASH and usual diet. Eighteen adolescents (9/group) participated. Compared to usual diet, intake of protein, fiber, fruit, vegetables, lean meats, and low-fat dairy were higher, while saturated fat and added sugar were lower, in DASH-D. Percent energy from fat was higher, and from carbohydrate lower, in DASH-D versus traditional DASH, with food group intake reflecting these patterns. Participants consumed 87% of foods provided for DASH, and 98% of foods provided for DASH-D. In both DASH iterations, participants met national guidelines for fat, saturated fat, fiber, and fruit/vegetable intake, while usual diet fell short of these recommendations. Conclusions: The novel DASH-D pattern meets guidelines and may be a viable option for achieving nutrition goals for adolescents with T1DM.
Europa Clipper Mission: Preliminary Design Report

Europa, the fourth largest moon of Jupiter, is believed to be one of the best places in the solar system to look for extant life beyond Earth. Exploring Europa to investigate its habitability is the goal of the Europa Clipper mission. The Europa Clipper mission envisions sending a flight system, consisting of a spacecraft equipped with a payload of NASA-selected scientific instruments, to execute numerous flybys of Europa while in Jupiter orbit. A key challenge is that the flight system must survive and operate in the intense Jovian radiation environment, which is especially harsh at Europa. The spacecraft is planned for launch no earlier than June 2023, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA, on a NASA supplied launch vehicle. The mission is being implemented by a joint Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) Project team. The project recently held its Project Preliminary Design Review and in early 2019 NASA will consider approving the mission for entry into Phase C, the Detailed Design phase. A down-selection to one launch vehicle by NASA is anticipated sometime before Project Critical Design Review. This paper will describe the progress of the Europa Clipper Mission since January 2018, including maturation of the spacecraft, subsystem and instrument preliminary designs, issues and trades, and planning for the Verification & Validation phase.
Carboxyl-directed pegylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor markedly reduces systemic clearance with minimal loss of biologic activity.

Purpose. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was modified by carboxyl-directed protein pegylation in order to both retain biologic activity of the neurotrophin and reduce the rate of systemic clearance of this cationic protein in vivo. Since the modification of surface lysine residues of neurotrophins results in loss of biologic activity, the present studies examine the feasibility of placing polyethyleneglycol (PEG) polymers on carboxyl residues of surface glutamate or aspartate residues of BDNF.
Effect of Circuit Size on Albuterol Delivery During Heated High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in a Pediatric Model

Background: Heated high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) systems are increasingly used in the treatment of pediatric respiratory distress. Inline delivery of albuterol using a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) is frequently used. Albuterol delivery during invasive and noninvasive ventilation is affected by circuit size. We hypothesize that using a larger circuit would allow higher drug delivery than a smaller circuit. Methods: We compared 2 different heated-wired circuits of same length but different internal diameters (13 vs. 22 mm) connected to a Fisher & Paykel Optiflow small adult cannula. A VMN was placed on the dry side of the humidifier, and the HHFNC was run at 5, 10, 15, and 20 L/min. Four units of the nebulizers loaded with 10 mg/4.5 mL of albuterol were tested. An anatomically correct pediatric model of a spontaneously breathing 5-year old child was used (tidal volume 200 mL, respiratory rate 20, inspiratory time 0.9s). Albuterol mass was measured via spectrophotometer, and reported as percentage of loading dose. Results: See table. Conclusions: Changing a circuit from small to large diameter has no effect on drug delivery with HHFNC at lower flows (5 and 10 L/min) but improves drug delivery at higher flows (15 and 20 L/min).
Monitoring Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in high Tuberculosis burden countries: Tuberculosis mortality an important tracer of UHC service coverage

Background There is a paucity of empiric data evaluating whether Tuberculosis (TB) is a useful surrogate measure for Universal Health Coverage (UHC), despite recognition of the importance of TB control efforts as part of the broader UHC agenda. We hypothesized that indicators of TB burden and coverage are sensitive tracers of UHC, when compared to other disease-specific indicators of service provision. Methods Linear regression models were used to determine the extent to which variability in UHC Service Coverage Index (SCI) was accounted for by (1) TB incidence rates and (2) TB mortality rates across 183 countries. Dominance analyses, stratifying countries by World Bank income criteria and TB burden, were used to determine the importance of TB treatment coverage in predicting UHC SCI scores, relative to other disease-specific indicators of service provision. Results Across 183 countries, TB incidence rate and TB mortality rate were negatively correlated, with UHC SCI score, (r = -0.67 and r = -0.74, respectively). In linear regression models including all 183 countries, TB incidence rates explained 45% of the variability in SCI scores; TB mortality rate explained 55% of variability. Restricting models to the 30 highest TB burden countries, both incidence and mortality explained less of the variability in SCI score (16% and 36%, respectively). In dominance analysis, comparing 13 disease-specific indicators of service provision, TB effective treatment coverage, ranked ninth overall. In dominance analysis stratified by TB burden, the TB treatment coverage estimate was ranked ninth in the 30 high burden countries and sixth in the 153 non-high burden countries. In separate analyses stratified by world bank income status, TB coverage ranked as third most important variable in LICs and fifth in LMICs and UMICs, but was less important in analysis restricted HICs (ranked seventh). Conclusions Compared to other disease-specific indicators of service provision, TB coverage was an important indicator of overall UHC service coverage, especially in low-income countries. These findings highlight that national-level inequities in TB-coverage may be an important tracer of universal health coverage.
Newborn feeding recommendations and practices increase the risk of development of overweight and obesity

The prevalence of obesity among infants less than 2 years of age has increased by more than 60% over the last three decades. Obese infants and toddlers are at an increased risk for staying overweight into adolescence and adulthood. Metabolic programming has been demonstrated in animal models whereby early life feeding habits result in life-long changes in hormone balance and metabolism. Our study explores if newborn over-nutrition on the first day of life (DOL1) is associated with risk for future overweight and obesity in childhood. Retrospective chart data was collected for full term formula-fed infants born between January 2008 and December 2012 who continued care at the same institution. Data included the volume of formula (ml) consumed on DOL1 as well, as subsequent yearly BMI measures from well child checkups (WCC). Overfeeding was categorized as any feed greater than or equal to 30 ml on any of the first seven feeds while controlling for birth weight. The final data set included 1106 infants (547 male; 559 female). 1023 of the 1106 newborns (93%) were overfed at least once during DOL1, while 789 of 1106 (71%) were overfed 3 or more times during their first 7 feeds. After adjusting for birth weight, infants who were overfed 5 of the first 7 feeds were 5 times as likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year well child check-up (p < 0.05) compared to children not overfed. Infants who were overfed on all 7 of their first 7 feeds were 7 times more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC (p = 0.017). Infants overfed on DOL1 were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese at their 4th year WCC, compared to infants not overfed on their first day of life. Newborn families may benefit from counseling regarding age-appropriate volumes of formula during this critical time period. Future studies will aim to look at effect of implementation of smaller feeding bottle size on reducing overfeeding practices and future risk of overweight and obesity.
Breast conservation therapy versus mastectomy in the surgical management of invasive lobular carcinoma measuring 4 cm or greater.

Abstract Background The safety of breast conservation therapy (BCT) has not been demonstrated in large ILC tumors, potentially contributing to the higher mastectomy rates seen in ILC. Methods We queried a prospectively maintained database to identify patients with ILC measuring ≥4 cm and evaluated difference in recurrence free survival (RFS) between those treated with BCT versus mastectomy using a multivariate model. Results Of 180 patients, 30 (16.7%) underwent BCT and 150 (83.3%) underwent mastectomy. Patients undergoing mastectomy were younger (56.6 vs. 64.3 years, p = 0.003) and had larger tumors (7.2 vs. 5.4 cm, p Conclusions For patients with ILC ≥4 cm, BCT provides similar tumor control as mastectomy, provided that negative margins are achieved.
Simulation of Effective Medium Theory for Additive Manufacturing of Dielectric Media

We compare the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory to a full wave simulation utilizing the NicolsonRoss-Weir method to predict effective permittivity in a representative additively manufactured medium. Three dimensional anisotropy in the medium highlights differences between the two methods, and we discuss potential causes and solutions to the observed discrepancies.
Quality of Physician Communication about HPV Vaccine-Letter.

The United States was first to introduce human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination but a decade later, despite demonstrated effectiveness and safety, uptake remains lower than in other countries and in comparison with other adolescent vaccines. Numerous factors explain these disparities. The prevailing
Span–conditioned allomorphy and late linearization: Evidence from the Classical Greek perfect

Data from the perfect in Classical Greek provide empirical evidence for inwardly– and outwardly–sensitive span–conditioned allomorphy and indicate the need for a post–Vocabulary Insertion linearization process. The data also support the extremely late computation of the phonology of reduplicants. Perfect aspect in Classical Greek is realized via three distinct exponents: a reduplicative prefix, a suffix -/k/ (for some verbs) or stem allomorphy (for others), and a dedicated set of agreement suffixes. I argue that this case of Multiple Exponence results from one direct exponent of the Aspect[perfect] head and two cases of allomorphy at other nodes conditioned by spans that include the Aspect[perfect] head. The reduplicant is a Vocabulary Item (RED) that instantiates Aspect. Its phonology is determined after both Vocabulary Insertion and linearization. The -/k/ suffix is an outwardly–sensitive allomorph of Voice[active] conditioned by the span ⟨Aspect, Tense⟩, and perfect stem allomorphy in verbs that show it is conditioned by ⟨Voice, Aspect, Tense⟩. The agreement suffixes are inwardly–sensitive allomorphs conditioned by the span ⟨Voice, Aspect, Tense, Mood⟩. When taken together, the data indicate that Vocabulary Insertion must proceed cyclically, and that linearization must happen very late – after Vocabulary Insertion – since the realizations of both Voice[active] and AGR are conditioned by spans of hierarchically adjacent, rather than surface–contiguous, heads. The Greek data are essential for our understanding of the post–syntactic order of operations.
Comment on "Rising incidence and high mortality in intentional sodium nitrite exposures reported to US poison centers".

To the Editor,We read with great interest the article “Rising Incidence and High Mortality in Intentional Sodium Nitrite Exposures Reported to US Poison Centers” by McCann et al. The authors conduc...
Clinical Pharmacy Specialists Providing Consistent Comprehensive Medication Management with increased Efficiency through Telemedicine during the COVID19 Pandemic

Abstract Introduction The Veterans Affairs (VA) has been at the forefront of harnessing the skills of patient-aligned care teams (PACT) clinical pharmacy services to improve patient care outcomes and create access for veterans. With the unfortunate arrival of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), PACT clinical pharmacy specialists (CPS) were duty-bound to expand telehealth services at an accelerated rate. The purpose of this quality improvement analysis is to compare CPS efficiency as well as some objective patient metrics to assess for a change in quality of care. This is the first study to compare the efficiency and quality of care by CPS in the VA pre-COVID19 and during the COVID19 pandemic. Methods This is a retrospective review of PACT CPS comprehensive medication management from 3/10/19 - 11/30/19 and 3/10/20 - 11/30/20. Data points focused on clinic encounters, patient accountability to appointments, disease state expansion, and markers of disease-state management. Given diabetes and hypertension are the main disease states managed by most PACT CPS?, the study evaluated changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood pressure (BP) between the two cohorts as well. Data was analyzed using GraphPad Software or Microsoft Excel. A student T-test was used for continuous data and Chi-squared or Fishers Exact for nominal data. Results The total number of PACT CPS encounters increased 32% in 2020, and the number of unique patients increased by 12%. There was a statistically significant increase in telephone and direct-to-consumer (DCT) video visits. The rates of no shows and cancellations significantly decreased between 2019 and 2020. There was no difference in average change in HbA1c or average blood pressure between the two study groups. Conlusions When PACT CPS services transitioned from primarily face-to-face visits to all virtual care, the consistency of care improved, and the quality of care was not compromised. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Integrating service learning into the RN to BSN curriculum with the application of QSEN competencies

Abstract To accomplish the goal of a more highly educated nursing workforce, academic nursing has supported a significant increase in the number of RN to BSN programs. The focus of educating practicing registered nurses is moving toward revising and designing curriculum that promote positive patient outcomes and supports contemporary healthcare practices. Facilitating a service-learning model for RN to BSN curricula and applying the Quality and Safety Education in Nursing (QSEN) competencies are two effective methods for enhancing professional practice. The purpose of this article is to promote the concept of integrating service learning into the RN to BSN curriculum and applying the QSEN competencies to learning activities to achieve improved quality and patient safety.
Simulation of the formation of antihydrogen via magnetobound positronium

Antihydrogen formation involving magnetobound positronium is simulated by computing classical trajectories. Simulated collisions between electrons and positrons generate magnetobound positronium, which consists of electron–positron pairs that are not energetically bound but that have spatially correlated trajectories within a magnetic field. Simulations show that antihydrogen can form if such electron–positron pairs pass near antiprotons. In addition, the possibility of forming antihydrogen atomic ions or antihydrogen molecular ions via magnetobound positronium or magnetobound antihydrogen is discussed.
4 – Biology of Aquatic Resource Organisms

The chapter explores the life of fish in an aquatic environment. It provides an insight into how fish breathe, eat, excrete, lure, school, reproduce, and develop. The exchange of gases at the surface of aquatic animals takes place through the integument, gut, gills, lungs, and air sacs. Many mobile aquatic animals aggregate or school in ways that make them much easier to catch in certain places or at certain times. They school in order to breed and also to feed, either because the food is localized or in order to feed collectively. Aquatic animals find their food by using a variety of senses, particularly smell and sight. Many predators are assisted by the characteristic odors of their prey. The objectives of dietary studies are to understand how animals live and grow, what foods may influence their abundance and distribution, and the relative quality of feeding conditions. The cycle of breeding activity is closely correlated with feeding activity. Spawning and incubation must precede a period of favorable food production that is sufficient to sustain the young. The marked animal method and the length frequency method are used occasionally, and the annual ring method is used routinely to determine the age of aquatic animals.
What are healthy blood pressures for children

In his report of March 1977 to the President of the United States,1 Dr Robert Levy, director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, pointed out that cardiovascular diseases account for more than half of the deaths and approximately one third of the economic costs of all diseases in the United States. Hypertension is a major contributing factor in these cases, and Levy estimated that at least 27 million people in the United States suffer from it, but many do not know they have it. Thus, hypertension is a common and important disorder in the United States. Crucial to a discussion of the problems of hypertension are the answers to such questions as: what constitutes hypertension in the adult or the child; conversely, what are "healthy" blood pressures for both groups; when does hypertension start; and what are the causes of hypertension?
Theoretical Orientations of Social Work Practice Teachers: An Analysis

Abstract An exploratory-formulative study was conducted to inquire into the method theory guiding the social work practice teacher. Knowledge, action, and outcomes were considered the three reciprocal, symbiotic, and interdependent components of method theory. Educational background was viewed as a possible influence on the development of teachers' theoretical orientations. Twenty social work educators were interviewed. Content analysis was the primary data analysis tool. Findings fell into three areas: 1) ten basic categories which identified components of a teacher's theoretical orientation, 2) creation of teacher portraits based upon this analytic schema, 3) creation of teacher typologies based upon a comparative analysis of our educators. Teacher typologies clustered around two major educational traditions: Pragmatist and Rationalist/Empiricist.
A Second Osmosensing Signal Transduction Pathway in Yeast HYPOTONIC SHOCK ACTIVATES THE PKC1 PROTEIN KINASE-REGULATED CELL INTEGRITY PATHWAY

Yeast cells respond to hypertonic shock by activation of a (MAP) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade called the (HOG) high osmolarity glycerol response pathway. How yeast respond to hypotonic shock is unknown. Results of this investigation show that a second MAP kinase cascade in yeast called the protein kinase C1 (PKC1) pathway is activated by hypotonic shock. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the PKC1 pathway MAP kinase increased rapidly in cells following a shift of the external medium to lower osmolarity. The intensity of the response was proportional to the magnitude of the decrease in extracellular osmolarity. This response to hypotonic shock required upstream protein kinases of the PKC1 pathway. Increasing external osmolarity inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of the PKC1 pathway MAP kinase, a response that was blocked by BCK1-20, a constitutively active mutant in an upstream protein kinase. These results indicate that yeast contain two osmosensing signal transduction pathways, the HOG pathway and the PKC1 pathway, that respond to hypertonic and hypotonic shock, respectively.
Object-Oriented Frameworks and Product Lines

Frameworks are a common object-oriented code-structuring technique that is used in application product lines. A framework is a set of abstract classes that embody an abstract design; a framework instance is a set of concrete classes that subclass abstract classes to provide an executable subsystem. Frameworks are designed for reuse: abstract classes encapsulate common code and concrete classes encapsulate instance-specific code. Unfortunately, this delineation of reusable vs. instance-specific code is problematic. Concrete classes of different framework instances can have much in common and there can be variations in abstract classes, all of which lead to unnecessary code replication. In this paper, we show how to overcome these limitations by decomposing frameworks and framework instances into primitive and reusable components. Doing so reduces code replication and creates a component-based product line of frameworks and framework instances.
Detection of EEG transients by changes in dimensional complexity

Summary form only given. A simple box accounting algorithm is applied to measure the fractal dimension of electroencephalography (EEG). Artificial transients of varying EEG characteristics are embedded. The change is noted in the fractal dimension within a window that is passed along the entire time series. Three embedded evoked potential spikes 100 ms apart buried anywhere in the time series are detected. Their presence is reflected in a significant change of a fractal dimension from 1.70 to 1.76. Both the power spectra and the autocorrelation functions of the same recordings were studied and no difference between the intervals that contain the transient and those which do not was observed. >
Biotin uptake into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells increases early in the cell cycle, increasing carboxylase activities.

In mammals, biotin serves as a covalently bound coenzyme for the following four biotin-dependent carboxylases: acetyl-CoA carboxylases (EC 6.4.1.2); pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1); propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC,4 EC 6.4.1.3); and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC, EC 6.4.1.4) (1). The attachment of biotin to an є-amino group of a lysine residue in the four apocarboxylases is catalyzed by holocarboxylase synthetase (EC 6.3.4.10). Biotin-dependent carboxylases catalyze essential steps in gluconeogenesis, synthesis of fatty acids, metabolism of odd-chain fatty acids and metabolism of some amino acids (1). Biotin uptake into human cells is mediated by the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT), which binds biotin, pantothenic acid and lipoic acid with similar affinity (2). Circumstantial evidence has been provided that transporters other than SMVT might also account for some cellular biotin uptake (3,4). In previous studies, we showed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) respond to proliferation with a five-fold increase of biotin uptake (5). Theoretically, PBMC may increase biotin uptake to meet increased demand for this coenzyme of the biotin-dependent carboxylases. Currently, whether biotin uptake increases at an early phase of the cell cycle (e.g., G1) or at a late phase (e.g., M) is unknown. Increased biotin demand of proliferating PBMC is likely to be physiologically important. PBMC represent a heterogeneous population of immune cells (T cells, B cells and various granulocytes), which mediate cellular and humoral immune responses (6). Some PBMC (T and B cells) proliferate rapidly after either antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. If the increased biotin demand of proliferating PBMC is not met, this may reduce proliferation rates. For example, biotin deficiency in mice causes reduced proliferation of splenocytes (7) and incubation of mouse splenocytes in biotin-deficient medium reduces generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (8). In the present study, we addressed the following questions: 1) Does biotin uptake increase in specific phases of the cell cycle? If so, in what phases? 2) Is the increased uptake of biotin mediated by increased expression of the SMVT gene at specific phases of the cell cycle? 3) Is the increased biotin uptake associated with increased biotinylation of carboxylases? 4) Is there increased expression of genes encoding biotin-dependent carboxylases and holocarboxylase synthetase in proliferating PBMC?
Genetic organization of a plasmid from an industrial wastewater bioreactor

Pseudomonas strain CT14 was isolated from activated sludge. Strain CT14 contained a 55, 216 bp plasmid that was characterized by sequence analysis. The plasmid had a modular structure with 51 open reading frames (ORFs) that were distributed between two clearly demarcated domains. Domain I primarily contained genes for plasmid-related functions and a novel origin of replication. Domain II bore evidence of extensive transposition and recombination. Domain II contained several genes from a meta-cleavage pathway for aromatic rings. These genes appeared to have been recruited from different hosts. This observation suggests that sequencing pCT14 may have revealed an intermediate stage in the evolution of a new assemblage of meta-cleavage pathway genes.
Input-output theory for fermions in an atom cavity

We generalize the quantum optical input-output theory developed for optical cavities to ultracold fermionic atoms confined in a trapping potential, which forms an ``atom cavity.'' In order to account for the Pauli exclusion principle, quantum Langevin equations for all cavity modes are derived. The dissipative part of these multimode Langevin equations includes a coupling between cavity modes. We also derive a set of boundary conditions for the Fermi field that relate the output fields to the input fields and the field radiated by the cavity. Starting from a constant uniform current of fermions incident on one side of the cavity, we use the boundary conditions to calculate the occupation numbers and current density for the fermions that are reflected and transmitted by the cavity.
Color‐vision theory and linear models of color vision

This article presents an overview of linear color-vision models and presents a review of a general vision theory that provides for the derivation of linear models from an initial set of basic assumptions. The general theory specifies that the input and output terms of linear color-vision models are to be regarded as stimulus and sensory perturbations, respectively, rather than as absolute stimulus and sensory magnitudes. The general theory also specifies that the weighting coefficients of linear color-vision models correspond to first-order derivatives of some set of nonlinear functions that represent the state of the visual system. The general theory provides a unifying framework that connects linear color-vision models with linear models for spatial and temporal aspects of vision.
Initial results from coaxial helicity injection experiments in NSTX

Coaxial helicity injection has been investigated on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). Initial experiments produced 130 kA of toroidal current without the use of the central solenoid. The corresponding injector current was 20 kA. Discharges with pulse lengths up to 130 ms have been produced.
Study of nitric oxide reduction over silver/alumina catalysts under lean conditions : Effects of reaction conditions and support

Abstract The reduction of NO over silver/alumina catalysts was studied in a flow reactor system at W / F (catalyst weight/total flow)=0.024–0.012 g/(ml/s). Silver/alumina was shown to catalyze the reduction of NO by propylene or propylene/propane mixture in excess oxygen. The catalytic activity was attributed to the hydrocarbon-oxidation reactivity of a silver catalyst. The activity for NO-reduction increased as the oxygen-content in reaction mixture increased from 1.5% to 10%. This effect of oxygen-content and the temperature range around 500°C for the reduction of NO can be correlated to the activity of hydrocarbon-oxidation. The presence of water and sulfur dioxide had adverse effect on the reduction of NO. The adverse effect could be partially compensated by the enhancement of activity using a proper type of alumina. The type of alumina used had a great effect on the activity of NO-reduction for a silver/alumina catalyst. Preliminary characterization showed that the average pore size and the pore-size distribution of the alumina could be important factors. An active silver/alumina catalyst was prepared with a higher NO-conversion than the best Cu/ZSM5-based catalyst evaluated at Ford under the same reaction conditions in the presence of H 2 O and SO 2 .
Cognitive Aeronautical Communication System

The paper explores the system and architecture requirements for cognitive driven reconfigurable hardware for an aeronautical platform, such as commercial aircraft or high altitude platforms. With advances in components and processing hardware, mobile platforms are ideal candidates to have configurable hardware that can morph itself, given the location and available wireless service. This paper proposes a system for an intelligent self-configurable software and hardware solution for an aeronautical system.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the human mismatch repair protein MutSβ.

MutSβ is a eukaryotic mismatch repair protein that preferentially targets extrahelical unpaired nucleotides and shares partial functional redundancy with MutSα (MSH2–MSH6). Although mismatch recognition by MutSα has been shown to involve a conserved Phe-X-Glu motif, little is known about the lesion-binding mechanism of MutSβ. Combined MSH3/MSH6 deficiency triggers a strong predisposition to cancer in mice and defects in msh2 and msh6 account for roughly half of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer mutations. These three MutS homologs are also believed to play a role in trinucleotide repeat instability, which is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders. The baculovirus overexpression and purification of recombinant human MutSβ and three truncation mutants are presented here. Binding assays with heteroduplex DNA were carried out for biochemical characterization. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the protein bound to a heteroduplex DNA substrate are also reported.
Distribution of hexosamine in electrophoretically separated extracts of rat connective tissue.

Abstract Rat subcutaneous tissue contains relatively large amounts of hexosamine (0.4% dry wt.), 33% of which can be specifically accounted for by the presence of a mucopolysaccharide (probably hyaluronic acid). Somewhat less than 49% of the total connective tissue hexosamine is present in ground substance proteins having the same electrophoretic mobilities as serum proteins. Expressed in terms of total tissue water, these proteins are present in a concentration of 4.7%.
Integrable Two-Impurity Kondo Model

The exact solution by means of Bethe's Ansatz of a variant of the two-impurity Kondo problem is presented. The occupation of the singlet and triplet states, the expectation value $〈{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{S}}_{1}\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}{\stackrel{^}{S}}_{2}〉$, the homogeneous and staggered magnetic field susceptibilities, and the specific heat $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coefficient are studied for the ground state as a function of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida--coupling strength.
Limonoic acid A-ring lactone, a new limonin derivative in Citrus

Abstract A nonbitter derivative of limonin (the intensely bitter tetracyclic dilactone of Citrus seeds) has been found to occur in the fruit tissues of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and C. paradisi Macf. The new compound, for which the name limonoic acid A-ring lactone is proposed, is one of the two possible monolactones which can be derived from limonin by partial hydrolysis. It was identified as the A-ring monolactone by TLC and paper electrophoretic comparison with the authentic compound and by its facile conversion into limonin. Indications were found of an enzyme in tissue extracts which converts limonoic acid A-ring lactone into limonin.
FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE OF THE INTERGRANULAR ENERGY-LOSS PEAK IN AC MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS

Abstract The temperature dependence of the AC magnetic susceptibility has been measured in the frequency range between 100 Hz and 40 kHz for various high-Tc superconductors and analyzed on the basis of a model which incorporates the effects of flux creep in the critical-state equation. By a comparison of the experimental data with our theoretical model, the frequency-dependent shift of the intergranular energy-loss peak is explained quantitatively and the parameters pertaining to the flux-hopping frequency and pinning potential in the model are determined for various high-Tc superconductors.
Spin manipulation using fast cantilever phase reversals

The authors show that the phase of a high-Q cantilever can be reversed abruptly, and they use this capability to detect spins for magnetic resonance force microscopy. Spins are manipulated at the cantilever resonant frequency while driving the cantilever with a wave form that has no Fourier component at this frequency. This amplitude-based detection protocol is motivated by the desire to avoid the effects of surface-induced force noise, which can interfere with frequency-based detection schemes. The technique has been applied to the detection of E′ centers and has shown significantly reduced susceptibility to surface noise, resulting in improved signal-to-noise ratio.
THE INFLUENCE OF PREDATION ON THE ADULT SEX RATIOS OF TWO COPEPOD SPECIES1

Males and females of two specks of copepods were subjected to predation by three different predators in a laboratory environment. Ambystoma tigrinum tadpoles ate more female than malt Diaptomus &o&one, Lebistes reticulatus ate more male than female Diapltomx~ oregorzensis, and Hydra cauliculuta ate equal numbers of male and female D. oregonen& in a given length of time. Predation alters the adult sex ratios of these prey in the laboratory in a manner influenced by differences in predator hunting behavior and by differences in size and activity of male and female prey. Predictions concerning adult prey sex ratios in natural conditions are discussed.
“Breaking in”: The politics behind participation in theater

Most occupational science research has focused on the effect of occupational engagement on the individual, leaving many group and community level processes unaddressed. The purpose of this ethnographic study is to explore the process of participation and to identify the factors that inhibit or support participation and community formation in theater groups. Through observation and open‐ended interviews with group members of a campus theater group, six themes were identified that influenced the participatory process: organizational and group hierarchy, group dynamics, competition, power struggles, director as gatekeeper, and addictive power of participation. The six components acted as barriers to entering or leaving the theater group. These themes were grouped under the overarching metaphor of politics, a term introduced by one of the participants. The results have implications for understanding other group‐based occupations and may help to explain how people become participants in desired occupational co...
Mesoscale optical properties of conjugated polymers probed by near-field scanning optical microscopy

Abstract Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) has been used to study the mesoscale optical properties of oriented and non-oriented free-standing thin films of poly( p -phenylene vinylene) (PPV). We report a strong correlation between film morphology and the optical properties on a 100 nm scale. The non-oriented PPV thin film exhibits mesoscale domains of local molecular orientation as well as areas which are characterized by a low photoluminescence efficiency. Upon stretch orientation, PPV thin films show average polymer chain orientation parallel to the stretch axis as well as distinct areas of perpendicular molecular orientation correlated to film topography.
On changing from written to on-line tests in Computer Science I: an assessment

How do on-line tests compare with written tests in Computer Science I? Do students who do well in written tests also do well in an online test? Is an online test better or worse than a written test at assessing the problem-solving skills of a student? This paper summarizes the answers to these questions that we found during our switch from written to on-line testing.
Influence of pH and bisulfite on the enzymatic blackening reaction in potatoes

The inhibition by bisulfite of the oxidation of tyrosine in the enzymatic blackening reaction was pH dependent.~ At a pH of 5.0 or lower, bisulfite was a very effective enzyme inhibitor. A pH higher than 5.0 resulted in much less enzyme inhibition. At a pH of 4.0, the pH alone was a very effective enzyme inhibitor while a pH of 5.0 or above did not inhibit tyrosine oxidation very much. Thus, when bisulfite was present at a pH above 5.0, the main factor inhibiting enzymatic blackening was the bisuttite. Below pH 5.0 the inhibition of the polyphenol oxidase by both bisulfite and pH was important. The inactivation of polyphenol oxidase by bisulfite was a function of time and was pH dependent. Rapid inactivation occurred at pH 4.0 while inactivation occurred much more slowly at pH 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0. The residual enzyme activities were higher at pH 5.0 or above than at pH 4.0. Reactivation of the polyphenol oxidase did not occur over a 7 day period.
Lymphomas and leukemias in the relatives of patients with mycosis fungoides

Of 526 consecutive patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, 21 had first-degree relatives with lymphoproliferative or hematopoietic malignancies. Twenty-nine such tumors occurred in the 21 kindreds. Hodgkin's disease accounted for one-third of this total, with various leukemias (11 cases), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (five cases), and multiple myeloma (three cases) comprising the remainder. These data suggest that genetically-determined immunoregulatory abnormalities may represent a shared pathway of oncogenesis in diverse lymphoproliferative and hematopoietic malignancies.
Jonathan Widom 1955–2011

On July 18, the scientific community lost one of its most creative and influential thinkers and experimentalists. Jonathan Widom, William Deering Professor of Molecular Biosciences in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences at Northwestern University, passed away unexpectedly of a heart attack while at his lab. He was 55 years old. Anyone with a general interest in protein-DNA interactions and chromatin structure has doubtlessly been influenced by Jon's many seminal contributions, which have shaped the field of chromatin and will live on for decades to come.
A Multicommodity Integrated Freight Origin–destination Synthesis Model

This paper introduces a multi-commodity, single (generic) vehicle formulation of freight ODS model that combines a commodity-based model to estimate loaded truck trips and a complementary model of empty trips. This integration is important because explicit modeling of empty trips—that account for 30% to 40% of total truck trips—is required to avoid significant errors in the estimation of the directional traffic. The formulation is then applied to a case study. Two cases of the proposed model are studied. The first one uses total traffic in the estimation; while the second one is based on loaded and empty traffic. The results conclusively show that the models that consider an empty trip submodel significantly outperform the model that does not in their ability to replicate the observed traffic counts. The comparison between the results from the multi-commodity ODS and the single commodity ODS previously developed by the authors indicates that the multi-commodity formulation brings about substantial reductions in the error associated with the estimation of observed traffic counts. These reductions, in the order of 20% for empty traffic and 40% for loaded and total traffic, seem larger than the spurious improvement to be expected from the increased number of parameters, suggesting that the multi-commodity ODS formulation performs better. The results also show some minor improvements in the ability of the multi-commodity ODS formulation to estimate the OD matrices. In terms of the model's ability to correctly estimate the “true” value of the parameters of the models used, i.e., the parameter values estimated by calibrating the model directly from the OD data, it was found that the multicommodity ODS procedure is able to provide fairly good estimates Noortman and van Es's model parameters, though the parameters of the gravity models that came out to be quite different than the “true” values. The overall assessment of the formulation introduced here is that it represents a solid improvement with respect to comparable techniques.
Studies of N-dealkylation of some aromatic sulfonamides.

Abstract The stability in vivo of N-methyl substituents on sulfonamide groups in a series of related benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides and disulfamylbenzenes has been studied. N-methyl substituents in the 2-position in benzothiadiazines and in the 3-position in disulfamylanilines were shown to be metabolically stable; a 7-methylsulfamyl substituent was smoothly and quantitatively demethylated in the benzothiadiazine studied, while the corresponding methyl group in the analogous disulfamylaniline was removed more slowly. The metabolically removed methyl groups were expired as carbon dioxide. Replacement of the amino function of the disulfamylaniline with a methyl group caused the methyl groups on both the 1- and 3-sulfamyl substituents to be liable to removal in vivo .
Treatment of menorrhagia in women undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

The management of uterine bleeding in female transplant patients over a 3-year period at our institution was reviewed. A total of 33 females who had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant were identified as having received gynecologic consultation for the diagnosis of menorrhagia. Hormone therapy achieved a resolution of symptoms in 32 (97%) of the patients, and 26 (79%) required only one hormone regimen. Following resolution of symptoms, transition to standard-dose oral contraceptive pills as maintenance therapy prevented recurrent menorrhagia due to high circulating estrogen levels. Alternatives for patients who are unable to tolerate oral administration and those with hepatotoxicity are also discussed.
Role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cell–cell signaling in Drosophila

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are abundant molecules associated with the cell surface and extracellular matrix, and consist of a protein core to which heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are attached. Although these molecules have been the focus of intense biochemical studies in vitro, their biological functions in vivo were unclear until recently. We have undertaken an in vivo functional study of HSPGs in Drosophila. Our studies, as well as others, demonstrate the critical roles of HSPGs in several major signaling pathways, including ibroblast growth factor (FGF), Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh) and TGF-β. Our results also suggest that specific HS GAG chain modifications, as well as specific HSPG protein cores, are involved in specific signaling pathways.