cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solid state lactoperoxidase: A highly stable enzyme for simple, gentle iodination of proteins

Summary A simple, gentle method for radioiodination of proteins has been developed by coupling bovine lactoperoxidase to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose-4B. Following iodination the enzyme could be readily removed by centrifugation. Sepharose-coupled lactoperoxidase was capable of iodinating all proteins studied and was active over wide ranges of protein and KI concentrations as well as pH conditions. There has been no detectable loss of activity of the solid state enzyme after storage of 4°C in the presence of 10−5M merthiolate for at least 4 months.
Refractory Gate Technology for Radiation Hardened Circuits

New materials are considered as candidates to replace polycrystalline silicon as the gate and interconnection material in CMOS circuits for VLSI radiation hardened applications. The fabrication and testing of MOS capacitors with tungsten field plates is described. Devices metallized with tungsten are equally as hard as devices with aluminum metallization, but it was observed that the oxide layer tended to become leaky after a specific processing step.
Predictions of movie entertainment value and the representativeness heuristic

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether college students make use of the representativeness heuristic in predicting how entertaining a film will be from a brief description. A group of 45 students were asked to rate how entertaining they expected certain films to be on the basis of brief descriptions. Another group of 45 students were presented with the same film descriptions but asked to recall a film that was similar, and to rate how entertaining the film they had recalled had been. The correlation between the two sets of entertainment ratings was.72, which is consistent with the representativeness hypothesis. However, including the similarity ratings in the equation to predict the entertainment ratings of the film descriptions did not improve the correlation. Also, the film descriptions received significantly lower ratings than the films they reminded the students of. Language: en
Genetic analysis of mutations that alter cell fates in maize leaves: dominant Liguleless mutations

The three major components of the maize leaf are the blade, the sheath, and at their junction, ligular region. Each exhibits specific cell types and organization. Four dominant Liguleless (Lg) mutations (Lg3-O, Lg4-O, Lg*347, and Lg*9167) in at least three different genes cause a similar morphological phenotype in leaves, although each mutation affects a distinct domain of the blade. Mutant leaves display regions of altered cell fate in the blade, accompanied by elimination of ligule and auricle at their wild-type positions and development of ligule and auricle in the blade at the borders of the altered regions. The affected blade cells are transformed into sheath-like cells, as determined by morphological and genetic tests. Lg4-O expressivity is highly dependent on genetic background. For example, two different backgrounds nay specify converse patterns of phenotypic expression. Lg4-O expressivity is also affected by the heterochronic mutation Teopod2 (Tp2). Gene dosage experiments indicates Lg4-O is a neomorph. Interactions between recessive lg mutations (which eliminate ligular structures) and the dominant Lg mutations suggest that the lg+ genes act after the Lg mutations. Lg3-O and Lg4-O act semidominantly, and interact with each other and with other mutations in the Knotted1 (Kn1)-like family (a family in which dominant mutant alleles cause blade to sheath transformation phenotypes). These interactions suggest that the above Kn1-like mutations may function similarly in the leaf. We discuss the similarities between the Lg mutations and the other mutations of the Kn1-like family, which led us to postulate that Ig3 and Ig4 are members of a growing family of kn1-like (knox) homeobox genes that are identified by dominant mutant alleles causing leaf transformation phenotypes. We also propose that certain key characteristics of this family of dominant neomorphic mutations are important for generating meaningful morphological changes during evolution.
"BNP" for heart failure: role of nesiritide in cardiovascular therapeutics.

B-type natriuretic peptide, or nesiritide, recently gained US Food and Drug Administration approval as the first new parenteral agent approved for heart failure therapy in more than a decade. Nesiritide refers to a peptide identical to endogenous B-type natriuretic peptide, currently manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. Nesiritide has been evaluated in clinical trials involving more than 700 subjects. The drug produces a prompt fall in systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, associated with rapid clinical improvement in decompensated heart failure. Nesiritide represents an attractive choice for “first-line therapy” of acutely decompensated heart failure patients. In this review, the authors summarize the currently available data regarding the use of nesiritide, and offer recommendations for its use based on our experience with the compound in clinical trials.
The testimony of forensic identification science: what expert witnesses say and what factfinders hear.

This research examined how variations in the presentation of forensic science information affect factfinders’ judgments in a trial. Participants read a summary of a murder case, the critical testimony being the results of a microscopic hair comparison given by a forensic expert. Across two experiments we manipulated how the expert expressed his results, whether he gave an explicit conclusion concerning identity of the hair, and whether the limitations of forensic science were expressed during trial. Qualitative testimony was more damaging to the defense than quantitative testimony, conclusion testimony increased the defendant’s culpability ratings when findings were presented quantitatively, and expressing limitations of forensic science had no appreciable effect. Results are discussed in terms of factfinders’ interpretation of forensic identification evidence.
Air-Sea Transfer of Momentum, Heat and Water Determined from Profile Measurements During BOMEX

Abstract One hundred forty-one simultaneous wind speed, temperature and humidity profiles measured during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) are analyzed. The observations were from heights 2–11 m above MSL and were made from the R/V Flip, a research vessel specially designed to be stable at sea. The wind measurements are corrected for the interference of Flip's hull with the air flow. Evaporation estimates from the profiles are in fair agreement with simultaneous estimates by the eddy-correlation method. However, the heat fluxes estimated by the two methods are in poor agreement. There appear to be diurnal variations in air temperature, sea surface temperature and stress. The flux of latent heat is large, averaging 17 mW cm−2, while the flux of sensible heat is always upward and ∼1 mW cm−2.
Determination of plasma trace elements in tumor-bearing animals by proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy.

Although altered levels of circulating essential trace elements are known to accompany malignant disease, the lack of sensitivity of conventional detection methods has generally limited their study to clinical conditions involving extensive disease (i.e., significant tumor burden). As such, the application of altered trace element levels as potential prognostic guides or as response indicators subsequent to treatment has been of limited use. During this study, proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy was evaluated as a tool to determine trace element imbalances in a murine tumor model. Using plasma from C57B1/6 mice bearing the syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLCa), levels of Fe, Cu, and Zn, as well as changes in the Cu/Zn ratio, were measured in animals carrying an increasing primary tumor burden. The plasma levels of Fe, Cu, and Zn were found to decrease significantly 7 d following implants of LLCa cells with no significant change observed in the Cu/Zn ratio. By d 21, however, an increase in the Cu/Zn ratio was found to accompany increased growth of the LLCa tumor; the plasma levels of Cu had returned to normal levels, whereas both the Fe and Zn plasma levels remained lowered. Collectively, the results suggest that although a net change in individual plasma trace element concentrations might not be accurately associated with tumor growth, a clear relationship was established between the Cu/Zn ratio and tumor size.
Psittacosis: The Reservoir Persists

During a one-year period, 101 parakeets and parrots were submitted for laboratory examination. The birds were sick, dead, or from premises where morbidity had been observed. Tissue specimens from these birds were tested for the presence of Chlamydiapsittaci by two methods. A tissue culture system using McCoy cells treated with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine was found to be more sensitive than intraperitoneal inoculation of mice for isolation of the chlamydiae. Chlamydiae were recovered from 21 (34%) of 61 parakeets and 16 (40%) of 40 parrots tested. This high rate of infection persists despite the availability of effective chemotherapeutic regimens for control of chlamydial infection in psittacines. The origins of some of the infected birds were traced to aviaries where subsequent treatment with chlortetracycline was successful in eradication of the chlamydial infection. Other infected birds had been imported recently and could be traced back to quarantine centers where (by law) the birds received chemoprophylaxis for chlamydial infection. Our results suggest that this program is an administrative failure.
Linked migration systems: immigration and internal labor flows in the United States.

AbstractWe investigate the relationships between immigration and internal labor movements in the United States. Wedding the literatures on immigration and internal migration, we develop a mobility model linking these various flows on the basis of occupational status of worker, production and institutional relations in the economy, and economic restructuring. We test this model in an inferential framework and find that native blue-collar workers have been spatially displaced by recent immigration and that the process of capital accumulation, as manifested in economic restructuring, is the driving force behind the mobility system, affecting both immigration patterns and the destination choices of white-collar workers. As a result, we suggest that previous estimates of immigrant impacts on local labor markets may be underestimated.
Keratoconus in Costello syndrome.

Keratoconus is a corneal dystrophy with progressive corneal thinning resulting in abnormal corneal shape and astigmatism. Corneal hydrops and rupture can occur and corneal transplant may become necessary. While keratoconus is rare in the general population occurring in about 1/2,000 individuals, it is more common in individuals with intellectual disability and syndromic conditions. Connective tissue abnormalities, most typically brittle cornea syndrome, have frequently been reported in association with keratoconus. Here, we report on bilateral keratoconus with acute hydrops in the left eye of a 24-year-old male with Costello syndrome. The patient was treated medically. After resolution of the hydrops, he had significant visual impairment from the resulting irregular astigmatism and scarring. This is the second report of keratoconus in Costello syndrome, suggesting an increased risk for this corneal dystrophy in individuals with Costello syndrome. Ongoing ophthalmological surveillance may be necessary for adult individuals with Costello syndrome, and apparent vision changes should be evaluated expediently. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors relating to serving ice cream as dessert with the type A school lunch in Kentucky.

Abstract Information concerning the serving of ice cream with the Type A school lunch was obtained from questionnaires completed by school lunch supervisors. Approximately 77% (411) of the respondents reported ice cream on the menu during the 1964–65 school year, but fewer than 72% (381) indicated ice cream was served during 1965–66. The most common rate of serving ice cream was infrequently, followed by twice a month. Cost was the most common reason given for not serving it more often. Cost reduction was the most common suggesting offered for making ice cream more attractive to school lunch officials. Advantages of serving ice cream given most often were 1) children like ice cream (400, or 75%) followed by 2) ice cream helps balance nutritional quality of meal (294, or 55%), and 3) serving ice cream increases participation in the lunch program (274, or 51%). Cost was listed as the chief disadvantage (335, or 63%), with problems of refrigerated storage second (159, or 30%). Frequent serving of ice cream appeared to be associated with slight increases in cost of the lunch. However, at the same time, more frequent serving of ice cream was apparently accompanied by increases in per cent participation in the school lunch program.
Devices for studying associative interference in psychomotor performance; the modified Mashburn apparatus.

(1950). Devices for Studying Associative Interference in Psychomotor Performance: I. the Modified Mashburn Apparatus. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 35-46.
Relationships between macroalgal functional form groups and substrata stability in a subtropical rocky-intertidal system

Abstract The general hypothesis that morphological, physiological, and ecological adaptations of macro algal functional-form groups can be related to the level of disturbance encountered in a natural environment was examined. Two articulated calcareous coralline algae ( Amphiroa van-bosseae Lemoine, 24% cover and Corallina frondescens Post. & Rupr. 20%) and one non-articulated coralline alga ( Lithophyllum sp., 16%), all late-successional predation-tolerant strategists, comprise most of the community cover on stable bedrock substrata at Punta Las Cuevitas, Sonora, Mexico. Conversely, Ulva rigida C. ag. (26% cover) and a ralfsioid crust (23%), shows to be early-successional opportunistic strategists, cover more of the disturbed boulder habitat. Porolithon sonorense Daws., a stress-tolerant strategist, is uniquely abundant on both substratum types (13% cover on boulders, 10% on bedrock). The sheet-like and filamentous algae, prevalent in the temporally unstable habitat, generally show greater productivity (>2×) than the thicker and calcareous forms conspicuous in the more constant environment. It appears that selection for delicate thalli with high productivities, as well as selection for tougher morphologies having lower photosynthetic rates due to greater proportions of structural tissues, are widespread, divergent evolutionary forces among marine algae. Experiments with captive sea urchins ( Echinometra vanbrunti Agassiz), in conjunction with fish-preference data published for some of the same algae studied here, offer strong support for the functional-form model. Parrotfishes, rudderfishes, surgeonfishes, damselfishes and E. vanbrunti , in the Gulf of California, preferentially feed on delicate, early-successional, sheet-like, and filamentous algae, while rejecting or ignoring the more structured, late-successional and calcareous algae. There is no significant ( P > 0.05) gradation in calorific content between the first four of the six functional groups (i.e., Sheet-, Filamentous-, Coarsely Branched- and Thick Leathery-Groups), but the mean value for these fleshy forms (2.6 kcal · g ash-free dry wt −1 ) is significantly greater than that for the last two groups (0.3 kcal, Jointed Calcareous- and Crustose-Groups). The approach used in this study demonstrates a realistic technique for predicting macrophyte community composition from knowledge of the disturbance levels in a given habitat or the reverse. The form group-disturbance relationship has important implications for future biological monitoring of rocky-inter-tidal and subtidal systems.
“In This Way He Lost Everything”: The Price of Satisfaction in E. L. Doctorow's World's Fair

Abstract World's Fair seems to be one of E. L. Doctorow's least political novels. Gone are the radical figures and the political engagement central to Doctorow's project in The Book of Daniel, Ragtime, and Loon Luke. World's Fair even seems to be an exception to conservative reviewer Carol Iannone's charge that Doctorow's novels have “the ideological attitudes of the Left, attitudes that pervade and, finally, compromise everything he has written” (53).1 In fact, Carol Harter and James Thompson claim that “only the most determined social critic will wrench this novel into political statement” (118). World's Fair seems to abandon the political concerns of Doctorow's earlier novels for what is alternately seen as an autobiographical Bildungsroman or as a new portrait of the artist as a young man.
Effects of various lipids on the acrosome reaction and fertilizing capacity of guinea pig spermatozoa with special reference to the possible involvement of lysophospholipids in the acrosome reaction

The effects of lipids on the survival, acrosome reaction, and fertilizing capacity of guinea pig spermatozoa were studied by incubating the spermatozoa in media containing various concentrations of the lipids. Lipids tested were: phosphatidyl-choline (PC), -ethanolamine (PE), -inositol (PI), -serine (PS), sphingomyelin (S), cholesterol (C), lysophosphatidyl-choline (LC), -ethanolamine (LE), -inositol (LI), -serine (LS), and glyceryl monooleate (M). When spermatozoa were incubated in a regular medium (containing 2 mM Ca2+) with M, the majority underwent the acrosome reaction within 1 hour. None of the other lipids were as effective as M, and some were totally ineffective under the same conditions. However, when spermatozoa were preincubated in Ca2+-free medium containing LC, LE, or LI, they gained the ability to undergo the acrosome reaction. One hour of preincubation in Ca2+-free medium with LC, LE, or LI was enough to render the vast majority of spermatozoa capable of undergoing the acrosome reaction in response to Ca2+. The optimum concentrations for LC, LE, and LI were approximately 85 μg/ml, 210 μg/ml, and 140 μg/ml, respectively. Spermatozoa that had undergone the acrosome reaction by pretreatment with LC, LE, or LI remained actively motile and were capable of fertilizing eggs. LS was totally ineffective in rendering the spermatozoa capable of undergoing the acrosome reaction, and in fact it inhibited the acrosome reaction by itself and also inhibited the LC-, LE-, or LI-mediated acrosome reaction. LS did not prevent acrosome-reacted spermatozoa from penetrating the zona pellucida, but did prevent sperm-egg fusion. Based on these findings, it is suggested that lysophospholipids are intricately involved in the sperm acrosome reaction and perhaps in sperm-egg fusion.
Compaction of the Bishop Tuff, California

The foliation in welded tuffs is defined by planar alignment of glass shards, platy crystals, and flattened pumice fragments. The textural features and interrelationships of these elements are clearly the result of the deformation of ash-flow material. The strain involved in developing the alignment can be determined by measuring deformed objects of known original shape. The orientation and shape of the two-dimensional finite strain ellipse, computed from measured bubbles and Y-shaped shards, demonstrates that the long axis parallels the foliation and that there is a close correspondence between the ratio of the principal strains and the bulk density. The measured strain is inhomogeneous on at least two scales. Single cooling units show a regular and continuous vertical variation in deformation: the upper and lower portions are nearly undeformed, whereas the middle portion of the sheet is strongly deformed. On a small scale, the strain varies systematically around rigid lithic fragments and crystals and reaches high ratios at the tops and bottoms of these objects, while pressure shadow zones develop at the sides, which may have complex strain histories. All the lines of evidence point to compaction as the only mechanism involved in the production of the observed characteristic features of the Bishop Tuff, a Pleistocene ash-flow sheet in eastern California. Deformation in the tuff is defined by (1 + e 1 ) = 1.0. During flow and the earliest stages of compaction, pumice lapilli behave as rigid bodies. At about 50 percent porosity, the pumice collapses with the matrix, but at a more rapid rate, and the final forms are flattened in the plane of the foliation. Final shape ratios may reach 25 by simple volume loss; further flattening by essentially volume constant deformation may account for the relatively high mean ratios in fully compacted tuff, and for large ratios reported by others. A comparison of these results with selected specimens of other tuff units and published data strongly suggests that compaction is the dominant mechanism in producing the strong parallel alignment of textural components in all these welded tuffs. In cases where late or postcompactional deformation has also taken place, its effects are superimposed on the earlier compactional features; even so, the results appear to be more closely related to processes in the compactional stage. Extensive flow at or near final tuff densities does not explain most of these features.
Late cenozoic uplift of the southwestern colorado plateau and adjacent lower colorado river region

Abstract Rocks deposited near sea level under marine, estuarine, and lacustrine conditions, and located along the course of the lower Colorado River from the mouth of the Grand Canyon as far as the Mexican border, have been displaced to present positions as high as 880 m a.s.l. and as low as 1600 m b.s.l. The rocks include the marine and estuarine Bouse Formation and the lacustrine or marine Hualapai Limestone Member of the Muddy Creek Formation. A profile joining spot elevations that represent the highest erosional remnants of these rocks preserved at any one locality gives an approximation (in most cases a minimum value) for the uplift or downdropping of the region relative to sea level since about 5.5 m.y. ago, the K/Ar age of the most widespread and critical unit. The profile shows that most of the lower Colorado region has risen at least 550 m through broad and rather uniform upwarping and at an average rate of about 100 m/m.y. In addition to these 550 m, the nearby Colorado Plateau has risen by discrete movement along Wheeler fault, which is parallel to and about 8 km west of the plateau's edge, to a total uplift of at least 880 m, at a rate that may be as high as 160 m/m.y. Before warping and faulting, the top of the plateau was about 1100 m above the fill of adjacent basins; the top of this fill probably was at or a little below sea level. p]The profile shows two major south-facing rises in slope. The bigger one, near Yuma, occurs where the profile intersects the northwest-trending San Andreas-Salton trough system of faults; it is interpreted as rifting resulting from transcurrent movement along the faults. At the Mexican border, the base of the Bouse Formation is 1600 m b.s.l., which corresponds to a rate of subsidence since the beginning of Bouse time that may be as high as 290 m/.m.y. The top of the Bouse is at 1000 m b.s.l., corresponding to a rate of subsidence of about 180 m/m.y. In this area, the “older marine sedimentary rocks” of Olmsted et al., (1973) occur as much as 2100 m b.s.l. These rocks are evidence for marine invasion and deformation that predate the Bouse Formation. p]The second rise in slope occurs at the intersection with a regional northwest-trending lineament that separates widely different geologic terranes and is associated with extensive Miocene volcanism. This lineament may represent an old transform fault similar in geologic function to the present San Andreas system.
Modeling of the crystalline-to-amorphous transition in rapidly solidified alloys

Abstract A comprehensive mathematical model which couples the fluid flow and heat transfer-solidification kinetics as applicable for rapid solidification under conditions of melt spinning has been presented. The model was used to predict the liquid puddle shape and the temperature map obtained under melt-spinning conditions. Since solidification kinetics were included in the general solidification model, it was also possible to predict the occurrence of the crystalline-to-amorphous transition in the melt-spun ribbons. Theoretical calculations have been validated with experimental results obtained for the Fe-3wt.%B system.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Azide as the 3,5-Dinitrobenzoyl Derivative

Abstract A method for the determination of azide after conversion to 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl azide has been developed. The derivatization reaction is fast (3 min.), quantitative, and yields a product with strong ultraviolet absorption. The derivatization reaction mixture is separated by high performance liquid chromatography so that the azide derivative can be easily quantitated. The detection limit of the method is 10 ng NaN3/mL. The total analysis time is 20 minutes per sample.
Comments regarding the investigation of developmental apraxia of speech: response to Shriberg, Aram, and Kwiatkowski.

The conclusions and discussion were based on only 16 children who were identified based on clearly described criteria. Those subjects have widely varying ages, unspecified treatment histories, and ...
Numerical simulation of cloud rise phenomena associated with nuclear bursts

Abstract We present numerical simulations of cloud evolution from nuclear explosions using high-resolution numerical methods. Our numerical approach includes a fluid mechanical model that is a combination of a compressible code (GEODYN) and a low Mach code (LMC). Early stages of nuclear explosions that are characterized by the blust wave propagation are simulated with an explicit code (GEODYN) that solves the compressible Navier–Stokes equations via a high-order Godunov scheme. As soon as the blust wave weakens (≈10 s) the subsequent cloud rise due to buoyancy forces can be effectively simulated by the LMC code. LMC is an implicit code based on a pressure projection technique, and derived from the compressible Navier–Stokes equations using an asymptotic analysis in Mach number. It analytically eliminates time step restrictions based on sound wave propagation and it is computationally efficient and accurate for simulations of cloud rise dynamics at later stages. We perform a series of cloud rise scenarios ranging from an idealized bubble rise problem to realistic air bursts. We analyze effects of compressible dynamics on cloud evolution at different stages. It is found that in a realistic configuration, interaction of the reflected shock wave from the ground with the fireball significantly affects cloud evolution, in contrast to the equivalent idealized bubble rise simulations. We validate the code predictions against available experimental data. It is demonstrated that, by providing the initial source from the compressible GEODYN code, late time flow evolution can be successfully simulated with the fast, efficient and accurate LMC code.
The super operator system structures and their applications in quantum entanglement theory

An operator system S with unit e, can be viewed as an Archimedean order unit space (S,S+,e). Using this Archimedean order unit space, for a fixed k∈N we construct a super k-minimal operator system OMINk(S) and a super k-maximal operator system OMAXk(S), which are the general versions of the minimal operator system OMIN(S) and the maximal operator system OMAX(S) introduced recently, such that for k=1 we obtain the equality, respectively. We develop some of the key properties of these super operator systems and make some progress on characterizing when an operator system S is completely boundedly isomorphic to either OMINk(S) or to OMAXk(S). Then we apply these concepts to the study of k-partially entanglement breaking maps. We prove that for matrix algebras a linear map is completely positive from OMINk(Mn) to OMAXk(Mm) for some fixed k⩽min(n,m) if and only if it is a k-partially entanglement breaking map.
Estimating the Effect of Nonresponse Bias on Angler Surveys

Abstract Angler surveys can yield inaccurate results because of the failure of some anglers to participate or return their questionnaires. If nonrespondents are different from respondents with respect to the variables in the survey, some segments of the angler population will be under- or overrepresented, and the inferences made from the respondents about the population of interest will be subject to nonresponse bias. Errors introduced by nonresponse can be greater than sampling error, making it impossible to assign useful confidence limits to survey results. A 10-page mail questionnaire was sent to a stratified random sample of 9,981 Texas fishing license holders. Information was collected on fishing experience, fishing participation, species preferences, attitudes, and orientation to fisheries management efforts. A response rate of 62% was obtained (exclusive of questionnaires that could not be delivered). Adjustments for nonresponse were made by means of response propensity stratification. Individual r...
Transferability of ion models

Parameters were derived empirically for K + and Na + that qualitatively reproduce the absolute free energise of solvation and structural characteristics of these ions in methanol. The procedure used free energy perturbation simulations to obtain the absolute free energies of solvation and molecular dynamics trajectories to examine structural aspects. We find that within the effective two-body model we obtain a reasonable set of compromise parameters. Our results also suggest that we have done as well as we can with an effective two-body potential. Further improvement must come from the use of methods that handle polarization, long-range electrostatic effects, and large simulation sample sizes
Interfacial friction of surfaces grafted with one- and two-component self-assembled monolayers.

We present a quantitative study of the nanoscale frictional properties of one-component (pure) and two-component (mixed) alkylsilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The load and velocity dependence of the friction force was measured in air and ethanol using lateral force microscopy (LFM). It was observed that for SAMs with well-ordered structure (pure SAMs and mixed SAMs composed of two long chain molecules) friction depends nonlinearly on load, at low loads, both in air and in ethanol. These observations are consistent with the low-load contact area predictions of the Johnson−Kendall−Roberts (JKR) theory, indicating that for well-ordered SAMs friction force is proportional to contact area and that the true contact area is determined by elastic deformation of the SAM by the LFM probe. In ambient air, the magnitude of the friction force measured using mixed SAMs is found to be similar to that obtained using pure SAMs at the same external load. Changing the medium to ethanol, however, leads to dramaticall...
Secreted Hsp90 Is a Novel Regulator of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men, and the second highest contributor of male cancer related lethality. Disease mortality is due primarily to metastatic spread, highlighting the urgent need to identify factors involved in this progression. Activation of the genetic epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is implicated as a major contributor of PCa progression. Initiation of EMT confers invasive and metastatic behavior in preclinical models and is correlated with poor clinical prognosis. Extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) promotes cell motility and invasion in cancer cells and metastasis in preclinical models, however, the mechanistic basis for its widespread tumorigenic function remains unclear. We have identified a novel and pivotal role for eHsp90 in driving EMT events in PCa. In support of this notion, more metastatic PCa lines exhibited increased eHsp90 expression relative to their lineage-related nonmetastatic counterparts. We demonstrate that eHsp90 promoted cell motility in an ERK and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9-dependent manner, and shifted cellular morphology toward a mesenchymal phenotype. Conversely, inhibition of eHsp90 attenuated pro-motility signaling, blocked PCa migration, and shifted cell morphology toward an epithelial phenotype. Last, we report that surface eHsp90 was found in primary PCa tumor specimens, and elevated eHsp90 expression was associated with increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 transcripts. We conclude that eHsp90 serves as a driver of EMT events, providing a mechanistic basis for its ability to promote cancer progression and metastasis in preclinical models. Furthermore, its newly identified expression in PCa specimens, and potential regulation of pro-metastatic genes, supports a putative clinical role for eHsp90 in PCa progression.
Bode compensator design

Since cascade compensation of feedback control systems has been first presented, the determination of the lead or lag-lead network has been taught as a trial and error procedure. This correspondence presents a method, based upon the solution of a quadratic equation or a set of parametric curves, which will eliminate this trial and error. Examples for each case are given.
Superior mesenteric artery vasoactivity in hyperlipidemic Watanabe rabbits versus normal lipidemic New Zealand controls.

Recent in vitro studies on isolated coronary and mesenteric arteries have shown that hyperlipidemia appears to hypersensitize the vascular arterial smooth muscle to drugs such as ergonovine and that this increased contractility seems to be mediated by a serotinergic mechanism. This results in vasospasm with exposure to certain vasoactive drugs such as serotonin or norepinephrine. However, in vivo quantification of this observed phenomenon has not been done. In the present study we used Watanabe hereditary hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits (cholesterol level 459 ± 216 mg/dL) and the normal lipidemic New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit (cholesterol level 35 ± 19) as a control in the study of hyperlipidemia and blood flow changes in response to various vasoactive drugs. Blood flow measurements were made by the video dilution technique (VDT) following catheterization of the superior mesenteric artery. The serotinergic vasoactive drug ergonovine maleate was injected into the superior mesenteric artery at low dose (0.00...
Keynesian splenetics: From social philosophy to macroeconomics

Underlying the analytical framework of Keynes's General Theory is a comparison of capitalism and socialism in terms of risks and consequent rates of interest, rates of investment and capital accumulation, and levels of employment and output. Keynes's social philosophy and corresponding vision of macroeconomic reality biases his comparison in favor of socialism, or, more precisely, in favor of “a comprehensive socialisation of investment.” Recognizing the significant influence of Keynes's early social philosophy on his subsequent macroeconomics— which is firmly established by Allan Meltzer's “different” interpretation of Keynes—refocuses criticism of Keynes's analytics, provides a basis for assessing other interpretations of the General Theory, and helps account for the absence of reconciliation among the modern recastings of Keynesian macroeconomics.
Botulinum toxin: An effective treatment for prosthesis-related hyperhidrosis in patients with traumatic amputations

Hyperhidrosis-related to prosthesis use in patients who have suffered a traumatic limb amputation presents itself as a barrier to comfort, prosthesis use and overall quality of life. This review intends to encourage dermatologists to consider the use of botulinum toxin A or B for the treatment of hyperhidrosis in the residual limb and may serve as a stimulus for a modern, in-depth, and more comprehensive study. A review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database, focusing on hyperhidrosis treatment after traumatic limb amputation. Articles discussing hyperhidrosis treatment for amputations secondary to chronic medical conditions were excluded. Seven case studies published over the last 12 years have demonstrated positive outcomes of this treatment strategy. Overall, there is little data examining this topic and current publications focus primarily on small case series. A larger, double-blind, placebo-controlled study would likely benefit veterans, service members, and civilians.
Exploring awareness needs and information display preferences between coworkers

Technology makes it possible to share many different types of information with coworkers. We conducted a large-scale survey (N=549) to better understand current sharing among coworkers, how people stay aware of collocated and remote coworkers, and whether their willingness to share different types of awareness information changes based on the location in which the information is displayed. Contrary to our expectations, the display location did not greatly affect what respondents were willing to share. Our results also suggest considerations for researchers building situated displays, as respondents had concerns about unintended viewers and encouraging people to visit their personal space when they were not present.
Assessing and addressing ongoing information and support needs among individuals with Lynch syndrome

Background In 2008, Lynch syndrome patients requested referrals to a support organization, prompting the authors to assess available resources. While general information about Lynch syndrome was readily available from multiple sources including the internet, updated, detailed information and psychosocial support was largely unavailable. Based on patient responses to a subsequent needs assessment, an annual patient-oriented conference was organized. We report the results of the needs assessment and response to the conferences.
Plasma-facing material alternatives to tungsten

Tungsten is the leading high-Z candidate surface material for magnetic fusion reactor plasma-facing components, however, there are specific performance concerns for tungsten, and a general major concern about relying on one material. To broaden the options for fusion development we identified and examined five potential alternative high-Z plasma-facing materials: zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium and tantalum. We assess these materials from three standpoints: neutron-induced activation, sputter erosion/redeposition and plasma transient response. This initial analysis is encouraging showing (1) environmentally attractive activation properties with minimum waste disposal, for a tokamak reactor divertor, using advanced recycling techniques, (2) acceptable sputtering erosion/redeposition performance, similar to a tungsten divertor, and (3) concerns about the transient response of the alternative materials, but not fundamentally different than concerns for tungsten. We identify work needed to advance the qualification of these materials.
Management of simple renal cyst in children: French multicenter experience of 36 cases and review of the literature

Summary Objective The widespread use of renal ultrasonography has resulted in simple renal cysts (SRC) being discovered with increasing frequency in routine pediatric urological practice. Management of SRC, however, remains controversial. Most SRC are asymptomatic, are diagnosed incidentally, and have no clinical consequence. Our goal was to focus on management strategies for SRC in children with the support of our experience and a review of the literature. Materials and methods A literature review was made of SRC in children since 1950, analyzing epidemiologic data, diagnosis, and management. In addition, a retrospective multicenter study was conducted from 1998 to 2009. Patients included presented with a unique SRC. Data recorded were patient characteristics (age, gender), symptoms, imaging features of the cyst (size, side, pole, and location), type of management, and long-term outcomes. To focus on management, two groups of patients were defined: primary surgical management and primary conservative management consisting of clinical and US follow-up. Our results were compared with the literature. Results Thirty-six cases were included. Fifteen patients were symptomatic. Comparing the two groups, long-term outcomes were similar. The only significant factors were preoperative (age of the patient, diameter and location of the cyst): the bigger the cyst, the more likely it was to be exorenal, and the greater the likelihood that surgery would be performed (p = 0.006). Symptoms were not a significant indicator for surgery. Conclusion According to the literature and our experience, and considering the benign natural history of SRC and the similar outcomes whatever the treatment, primary conservative management is recommended for all cases. Surgery should be restricted to symptomatic large compressive cysts, increase in cyst size on follow-up, and uncertain diagnosis. Percutaneous cyst aspiration with sclerotherapy has not yet been used enough to ascertain its safety, and requires prospective evaluation.
Metal organic gels (MOGs): a new class of sorbents for CO2 separation applications

MOGs with excellent thermal stability and porosity have been synthesized at room temperature. The strength of the MOGs obtained depend on the raw materials used, reaction time, temperature, concentration of reactants and the processing conditions. MOGs with higher internal surface areas were obtained using near supercritical processing conditions. Measurement of CO2 sorption isotherm of MOG-1a at high pressure (30 bar) suggests 33 wt% (7.5 mmol g−1) of CO2 with a reversible uptake and release. To our knowledge this is the first study on the utilization of the MOGs for CO2 capture applications. Significant uptake of CO2 at high pressure (∼30 bar) clearly reveals the significant potential of these materials for their applications as solid sorbents.
Source-Aware Repairs for Inconsistent Databases

The problem of extracting consistent query answers from an inconsistent database has been mainly approached from two directions: “repairing” the database or rewriting queries so that only consistent answers are returned. Logic programming with explicit negation has been widely used in order to specify repairs such that each answer set of the repair program corresponds to a repair. In this paper, we explore the problem of obtaining so called “preferred repairs” from a database that is both inconsistent and incomplete based on preferences for the source from which the information is obtained. We show how a preferred repair might be specified using logic programs when source information is available.
The Populus Class III HD ZIP, popREVOLUTA, influences cambium initiation and patterning of woody stems.

The secondary growth of a woody stem requires the formation of a vascular cambium at an appropriate position and proper patterning of the vascular tissues derived from the cambium. Class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD ZIP) transcription factors have been implicated in polarity determination and patterning in lateral organs and primary vascular tissues and in the initiation and function of shoot apical meristems. We report here the functional characterization of a Populus class III HD ZIP gene, popREVOLUTA (PRE), that demonstrates another role for class III HD ZIPs in regulating the development of cambia and secondary vascular tissues. PRE is orthologous to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) REVOLUTA and is expressed in both the shoot apical meristem and in the cambial zone and secondary vascular tissues. Transgenic Populus expressing a microRNA-resistant form of PRE presents unstable phenotypic abnormalities affecting both primary and secondary growth. Surprisingly, phenotypic changes include abnormal formation of cambia within cortical parenchyma that can produce secondary vascular tissues in reverse polarity. Genes misexpressed in PRE mutants include transcription factors and auxin-related genes previously implicated in class III HD ZIP functions during primary growth. Together, these results suggest that PRE plays a fundamental role in the initiation of the cambium and in regulating the patterning of secondary vascular tissues.
Rhythmic movement is attracted more strongly to auditory than to visual rhythms

People often move in synchrony with auditory rhythms (e.g., music), whereas synchronization of movement with purely visual rhythms is rare. In two experiments, this apparent attraction of movement to auditory rhythms was investigated by requiring participants to tap their index finger in synchrony with an isochronous auditory (tone) or visual (flashing light) target sequence while a distractor sequence was presented in the other modality at one of various phase relationships. The obtained asynchronies and their variability showed that auditory distractors strongly attracted participants' taps, whereas visual distractors had much weaker effects, if any. This asymmetry held regardless of the spatial congruence or relative salience of the stimuli in the two modalities. When different irregular timing patterns were imposed on target and distractor sequences, participants' taps tended to track the timing pattern of auditory distractor sequences when they were approximately in phase with visual target sequences, but not the reverse. These results confirm that rhythmic movement is more strongly attracted to auditory than to visual rhythms. To the extent that this is an innate proclivity, it may have been an important factor in the evolution of music.
Physical and functional interaction between yeast Pif1 helicase and Rim1 single-stranded DNA binding protein

Pif1 helicase plays various roles in the maintenance of nuclear and mitochondrial genome integrity in most eukaryotes. Here, we used a proteomics approach called isotopic differentiation of interactions as random or targeted to identify specific protein complexes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1. We identified a stable association between Pif1 and a mitochondrial SSB, Rim1. In vitro co-precipitation experiments using recombinant proteins indicated a direct interaction between Pif1 and Rim1. Fluorescently labeled Rim1 was titrated with Pif1 resulting in an increase in anisotropy and a Kd value of 0.69 µM. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that the OB-fold domain and the C-terminal tail of Rim1 are both involved in interaction with Pif1. However, a Rim1 C-terminal truncation (Rim1ΔC18) exhibited a nearly 4-fold higher Kd value. Rim1 stimulated Pif1 DNA helicase activity by 4- to 5-fold, whereas Rim1ΔC18 stimulated Pif1 by 2-fold. Hence, two regions of Rim1, the OB-fold domain and the C-terminal domain, interact with Pif1. One of these interactions occurs through the N-terminal domain of Pif1 because a deletion mutant of Pif1 (Pif1ΔN) retained interaction with Rim1 but did not exhibit stimulation of helicase activity. In light of our in vivo and in vitro data, and previous work, it is likely that the Rim1–Pif1 interaction plays a role in coordination of their functions in mtDNA metabolism.