cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chiral field theory of $0^{-+}$ glueball

A chiral field theory of ${0}^{\ensuremath{-}+}$ glueball is presented. The Lagrangian of this theory is constructed by adding a ${0}^{\ensuremath{-}+}$ glueball field to a successful Lagrangian of the chiral field theory of pseudoscalar, vector, and axial-vector mesons. The couplings between the pseodoscalar glueball field and the mesons are revealed via a U(1) anomaly. Quantitative study of the physical processes of the ${0}^{\ensuremath{-}+}$ glueball of $m=1.405\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ is presented. The theoretical predictions can be used to identify the ${0}^{\ensuremath{-}+}$ glueball.
“The Gray Zone”: Hillary Clinton and the Ways We Live (And Tell) History

In a review of the 2008 film “Sex and the City,” Ramin Setoodeh celebrates four women from a television series and a film who are defined by their affection for one another and by their long-term c...
Synthesis and photolysis of doxyl derivatives of 5β-androstan-3-ones

In an unsuccessful attempt to effect remote functionalization at C9, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine-N-oxyl (doxyl) derivatives at C3 of 5β-androstan-3,17-dione and 5β-androstan-17β-ol-3-one were prepared and photolyzed. The former doxyl yielded its C13 stereoisomer; the latter was converted very slowly to intractable material.
Analysis Strategies for Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Hybrid Systems

The emergence of fuel cell systems and hybrid fuel cell systems requires the evolution of analysis strategies for evaluating thermodynamic performance and directing design and development. A description and application of the recently developed tool for analyzing tubular SOFC based systems is presented. The capabilities of this tool include an analytical model for the tubular SOFC derived from first principles and the secondary equipment required to analyze hybrid power plants. Examples of such secondary equipment are gas turbine, reformer, partial oxidation reactor, shift reactor humidifier, steam turbines, compressor, gas expander, heat exchanger and pump. A controller is included which is essential for modeling systems to automatically iterate in order to meet the desired process or system design criteria. Another important capability that is included is to be able to arrange the various components or modules as defined by the user in order to configure different hybrid systems. Analysis of the hybrid cycle as originally proposed by Westing-house (SureCell) indicates that the thermal efficiency of the cycle is quite insensitive to the pressure ratio, increasing from 65.5 percent to 66.6 percent on a lower calorific value of the fuel as the pressure ratio decreases from 15 to 6.5.
Michael addition reactions between chiral Ni(II) complex of glycine and 3-(trans-enoyl)oxazolidin-2-ones. A case of electron donor-acceptor attractive interaction-controlled face diastereoselectivity.

This study has demonstrated that the readily available and inexpensive 3-(trans-3‘-alkyl/arylpropenoyl)oxazolidin-2-ones, featuring high electrophilicity and conformational homogeneity, are synthetically superior Michael acceptors over the conventionally used alkyl enoylates, allowing for a remarkable improvement in reactivity and, in most cases, diastereoselectivity of the addition reactions with a Ni(II) complex of the chiral Schiff base of glycine with (S)-o-[N-(N-benzylprolyl)amino]benzophenone. Kinetically controlled diastereoselectivity in the corresponding Michael addition reactions between the Ni(II) complex of glycine and the oxazolidin-2-ones was systematically studied as a function of steric, electronic, and position effects of the substituents on the starting Michael acceptor. In both aliphatic and aromatic series the simple diastereoselectivity was found to be virtually complete, affording the products via the corresponding TSs with the approach geometry like. The face diastereoselectivity of...
Coupling of peridynamic theory and the finite element method

The finite element method is widely utilized for the numerical solution of structural problems. However, damage prediction using the finite element method can be very cumbersome because the derivatives of displacements are undefined at the discontinuities. In contrast, the peridynamic theory uses displacements rather than displacement derivatives in its formulation. Hence, peridynamic equations are valid everywhere, including discontinuities. Furthermore, the peridynamic theory does not require external criteria for crack initiation and propagation since material failure is invoked through the material response. However, the finite element method is numerically more efficient than the peridynamic theory. Hence, this study presents a method to couple the peridynamic theory and finite element analysis to take advantage of both methods. Peridynamics is used in the regions where failure is expected and the remaining regions are modeled utilizing the finite element method. Then, the present approach is demonstrated through a simple problem and predictions of the present approach are compared against both the peridynamic theory and finite element method. The damage simulation results for the present method are demonstrated by considering a plate with a circular cutout.
Directed endoscopic mucosal mapping of normal and dysrhythmic gastric slow waves in healthy humans

Frequency and amplitude characteristics of normal and dysrhythmic slow waves in different gastric regions are poorly characterized. Using endoscopic mucosal mapping, we quantified slow wave frequency and power at predetermined sites under control conditions and with glucagon. Twelve healthy volunteers underwent gastroscopy with midazolam. Bipolar recording electrodes were directed to 12, 7, and 2 cm proximal to the pylorus along the greater and lesser curvatures. Dominant frequencies at all sites were 2.96 +/- 0.07 cycles min(-1) (cpm). Powers of the dominant frequency were 59 +/- 7% lower 12 cm vs 2 cm from the pylorus (P < 0.01), but were similar along the greater and lesser curvatures. Glucagon (0.3 mg IV) decreased dominant frequencies (1.40 +/- 0.10 cpm, P < 0.01) and elicited power reductions which varied by region (36 +/- 37% at 12 cm vs 79 +/- 20% at 2 cm, P < 0.01). Comparing dominant frequencies from mucosal recordings and electrogastrography revealed minimal slow wave uncoupling. In conclusion, endoscopic mucosal mapping demonstrates slow wave power gradients from the proximal to distal stomach under normal conditions. Glucagon evokes bradygastria with minimal uncoupling and elicits inhibitory effects on slow wave power which are more potent in the distal antrum. This method provides insight into the mechanisms of action of gastric slow wave dysrhythmic stimuli.
A Simple Finite Element Coupled Model for the Stress Analysis of Rotating Parts

A new coupled line finite element model is proposed that can be used to carry out a stress analysis of rotating parts. The rotating part consists of a disk modeled with axisymmetric line elements and blades modeled with axial line elements. An example is presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed technique. The coupled finite element model is compared with a newly developed analytical solution and a solid finite element model.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Robotic Distal Pancreatectomy

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy has steadily replaced open approach in recent years. However, because of long learning curve associated with the technique, it has not been widely adopted. The advent of the da Vinci Robotic System may help more open surgeons to join the minimally invasive pancreatic surgery. This paper describes the author’s technique along with tips and trick that he has developed and refined over the past 10 years. Outcome studies were also discussed.
Canned Shrimp Texture as a Function of Its Heat History

Texture changes of canned shrimp were determined by sensory and instrumental methods. A direct relationship was found between sensory perception of toughness and instrumental shear forces measurements in canned shrimp packed in 2.6% brine in 307×113 cans, and processed at 124°C. Shrimp muscle toughened during the initial stages of heating and softened during the latter stages of processing. The softening of shrimp texture (shear values) was determined to follow apparent first order behavior. Regression analyses were used to establish apparent reaction rate constants, an apparent activation energy (24 Kcal/mole), textural D values and textural Z values (30°C).
Top-Layer Design and Systematic Design of Products

The A new design method of the products named “Systematize Design” has been advanced in this paper. From the view of the point of the system engineering, the planning of product design makes the product design qualities improve to a great extent. Besides the understanding of the client requirements, the design planning of products, the so-called 7D’s: Design ideas, Design environments, Design objective, Design process, Design contents, Design methods and the Design quality evaluation, should be considered completely and planned systematically. Based on the previous work, the product design should be conducted according to the systematic design method. The paper makes a detailed expatiation of the systematic design method, viz. 1+3+X design method, in which 1 represents the optimal design for product functions, 3 means the design method synthesizing the dynamic optimization, intelligent optimization and visualized optimization combined organically, and X is the design method for the special requirements of the products.
On the homogenous representation of interval graphs

An interval graph G is homogeneously representable if for every vertex v of G there exists an interval representation of G with v corresponding to an end interval. We show that the homogeneous representation of interval graphs is rooted in a deeper property of a class of graphs that we characterize by forbidden configurations.
Safety of repeated yttrium-90 radioembolization.

Repeated radioembolization (RE) treatments carry theoretically higher risk of radiation-induced hepatic injury because of the liver’s cumulative memory of previous exposure. We performed a retrospective safety analysis on patients who underwent repeated RE. From 2004 to 2011, a total of 247 patients were treated by RE. Eight patients (5 men, 3 women, age range 51–71 years) underwent repeated treatment of a targeted territory, all with resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres; Sirtex, Lane Cove, Australia). Adverse events were graded during a standardized follow-up. In addition, the correlation between the occurrence of RE-induced liver disease (REILD) and multiple variables was investigated in univariate and multivariate analyses in all 247 patients who received RE. Two patients died shortly after the second treatment (at 84 and 107 days) with signs and symptoms of REILD. Both patients underwent whole liver treatment twice (cumulative doses 3.08 and 2.66 GBq). The other 6 patients demonstrated only minor toxicities after receiving cumulative doses ranging from 2.41 to 3.88 GBq. All patients experienced objective tumor responses. In the whole population, multifactorial analysis identified three risk factors associated with REILD: repeated RE (p = 0.036), baseline serum total bilirubin (p = 0.048), and baseline serum aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.043). Repeated RE proved to be the only independent risk factor for REILD in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 9.6; p = 0.002). Additionally, the administered activity per target volume (in GBq/L) was found to be an independent risk factor for REILD, but only in whole liver treatments (p = 0.033). The risk of REILD appears to be elevated for repeated RE. Objective tumor responses were observed, but establishment of safety limits will require improvement in dosimetric measurement and prediction.
Building community in 21st century graduate classes through synchronous online research presentations: a case for three-dimensional learning environments

Exploring the power of virtual worlds for uses beyond the capabilities of traditional online environments is a lofty endeavour but a necessary one in the 21st century. Through qualitative measures, this study compared graduate student perceptions of using two synchronous online learning platforms for presenting research results in a virtual poster format. Throughout a semester long course that introduced educational research methodologies, students were subjected to Elluminate™ and a secure three-dimensional virtual environment through the Activeworlds™ platform called Wolfden. A description of the activities and a synopsis of student-perceptions begin to shed light on the potential of building community through presenting research results online.
Childhood Sex Abuse in Women with Chronic Intractable Back Pain

This study employed the relationship between chronic intractable pain and histories of childhood sexual abuse in 112 women sampled from a large university campus health center. Fifty-nine (59) women with chronic back pain were sampled and compared with 53 control subjects obtained simultaneously from the same clinical population. Results noted that women with chronic intractable back pain had a singificantly higher percentage of sexual abuse experiences than controls. A new chronic back pain checklist was used.
Energy vs food resource ratios for alternative energy technologies

Abstract Alternative energy technologies, particularly solar-based ones require large amounts of resources such as land and water that are also required for food production. Conflicts in resource use by energy and food production systems can be estimated quantitatively by a resource use ratio based upon the number of people that can be provided with either food or energy using the resources in question. Example analyses of selected alternative energy technologies demonstrate that alcohol from corn and eucalyptus farm technology have high potential, while wind and dry geothermal energy systems have low potential for conflict with food production. The approach presented provides a quantitative measure for assessing the issues arising when food resources are used for energy production.
An Automatic Actors to Threads Mapping Technique for JVM-Based Actor Frameworks

Actor frameworks running on Java Virtual Machine (JVM) platform face two main challenges in utilizing multi-core architectures, i) efficiently mapping actors to JVM threads, and ii) scheduling JVM threads on multi-core. JVM-based actor frameworks allow fine tuning of actors to threads mapping, however scheduling of threads on multi-core is left to the OS scheduler. Hence, efficiently mapping actors to threads is critical for achieving good performance and scalability. In the existing JVM-based actor frameworks, programmers select default actors to threads mappings and iteratively fine tune the mappings until the desired performance is achieved. This process is tedious and time consuming when building large scale distributed applications. We propose a technique that automatically maps actors to JVM threads. Our technique is based on a set of heuristics with the goal of balancing actors computations across JVM threads and reducing communication overheads. We explain our technique in the context of the Panini programming language, which provides capsules as an actor-like abstraction for concurrency, but also explore its applicability to other approaches.
Debuggers for high performance computers

What direction should production debugger development be taking? What are the top user priorities? How can the development of heterogeneousldistnbufed debuggers be facilitated? Should there be a standard debugging language? This workshop promotes an open exchange of information among debugger developers and users from the academic. research, and commercial communiries. The goal is to advance the state of applied debugging technology by indicating what new techniques should be integrated into the production debuggers used by the highperformance community. Discussions will encompass the debugging requirements of traditional vector supercomputing and high-end workstation users, as well as parallel programmers.
Heuristics for Multistage Production Planning Problems

Several heuristics for the capacitated multistage production planning problem with concave production costs, based on traditional production planning techniques and linear programming, are stated and empirically evaluated using a new capacity relaxation of the problem to furnish lower bounds on cost.
Seeking Safety, Finding Abuse: Stories from Foster Youth on Maltreatment and Its Impact on Academic Achievement

The safety of foster children and youth is the primary concern of the U.S. Department of Human Services. Yet, not all certified foster care homes offer the safety children need. This article reports the findings of a phenomenological study of foster youth reporting maltreatment occurring at the hands of foster parents. With a scarcity of studies on the abuse occurring at the hands of foster care providers, this study offers an important glimpse into the realities of life in care. Through in-depth interviews, this study reveals the harm perpetrated by foster care providers and the probable connection between maltreatment in care and barriers to academic achievement.
Personality Pathways to Impulsive Behavior and Their Relations to Deviance: Results from Three Samples

The importance of the relation between impulsivity and deviance is well-acknowledged among criminologists. However, differences in the representations of impulsivity, some merely titular and others substantive, may cloud our understanding of these relations. The current study examines the argument, offered by Whiteside and Lynam Pers. Individuals Diff. (2000) 30: 669–689, that there may be four distinct personality pathways through which impulsive behavior may be manifested. Across three samples (two undergraduate, one community), we examine the validity of a four-factor structure of impulsivity, test whether these four pathways manifest divergent relations with various forms of deviant behavior such as crime and substance use, as well as laboratory manifestations of aggressive and impulsive behavior, and examine the invariance of these results across gender. The results support the existence of a four-factor model of impulsivity, the importance of two specific personality pathways in relation to self-reports of deviance (lack of premeditation and sensation seeking), as well as actual behavior, and suggest that these pathways are important for both men and women.
The diffuse hyperdense intracranial circulation sign.

A 53-year-old man arrived in our Emergency Department comatose, with a GCS of E1V1M4, with unreactive 4-mm pupils, present corneal reflexes, and absent oculocephalics. His noncontrast head computed tomography (CT) revealed hyperdensity of the bilateral MCAs and basilar artery (Figure, upper left), as well as the sagittal sinus (SS) mimicking a “delta sign” of SS thrombosis (Figure, upper right). The “hyperdense artery sign” is an indicator of poor prognosis in acute stroke.1 However, it is important to recognize diffuse hyperdensity of the arteries and venous sinuses, which signify either elevated hematocrit (56% in our patient), polycythemia (smoking or polycthemia vera), or severe dehydration/hemoconcentration.2 This finding may create a “false-positive” dense artery sign unrelated to the true occluded vessel(s), which was a vertebrobasilar dissection/embolism in our case (Figure, bottom left, intracranial MRA demonstrating occluded right vertebral artery (V3) and narrowed V4 segment as well as occluded left PCA P1-P2 junction from a distally propagated embolism. Figure, bottom right, intracranial and extracranial MRA (gadolinium bolus) demonstrating an occluded right V3 vertebral artery segment).
Evaluation of safety and clinical activity of multiple doses of the anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody, galiximab, in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis

Abstract Background: Reduction in lesional, activated T cells induces improvement in psoriatic plaques. Galiximab (IDEC-114), an IgG1 anti-CD80 antibody, binds to CD80, a costimulatory molecule involved in T-cell activation. Objective: A Phase I/II, multidose, multischedule, dose-finding study of galiximab to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity was conducted in 35 patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Methods: Seven cohorts of five patients received galiximab intravenously on three different schedules at different dose levels. Results: Adverse events (AEs) commonly occurred as mild and self-limiting. Improvements were observed in most cohorts without evidence of a dose response in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (50% or greater reduction in PASI score in 40% of patients), Physician's Global Psoriasis Assessment (PGA rating of Good or above in 57% of patients), and Psoriasis Severity Scale (PSS, baseline mean of 7.6 decreased by Study Day 127 to 5.0). An association was observed between reduction in CD3+ cell count in histologic studies and reduction in PASI score. No antibodies to galiximab were detected. Conclusion: Galiximab appears to be safe and well tolerated with preliminary evidence of clinical and histologic response.
X-chromosome inactivation and cell memory

Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation is an excellent example of the faithful maintenance of a determined chromosomal state. As such, it may provide insight into the mechanisms for cell memory, defined as the faithful maintenance of a determined state in clonally derived progeny cells. We review here the aspects of X-chromosome inactivation that are relevant to cell memory and discuss the various molecular mechanisms that have been proposed to explain its occurrence, with emphasis on DNA methylation and a recently proposed mechanism that depends on the timing of replication.
Enhancement of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity of human erythrocyte membranes by hemolysis in isosmotic imidazole buffer. II. Dependence on calcium and a cytoplasmic activator.

Abstract 1. 1. Activity of the ( Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase of erythrocyte membrane may be enhanced by a cytoplasmic protein activator. The presence of Ca2+ is necessary for the ionic strength-dependent interaction between the erythrocyte membrane and the activator. This is true no matter the purity of activator (unfractionated hemolysis supernatant or partially purified activator) or the major source of ionic strength (imidazole or NaCl). 2. 2. When the endogenous activator enhances ( Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity of the erythrocyte membrane, there is a physical association between activator and membrane. This association is not disrupted by a decrease in ionic strength to 0.005 but is reversed by exposure to 5 mM ethyleneglycol bis(β-aminoethylether )-N,N′- tetraacetic acid. 3. 3. Activator binding necessary for enhancement of ( Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity may occur during preparation of membranes or during incubation for assay of ATPase.
Single-frequency fiber ring laser with 1Woutput power at 1.5µm

We report a single-frequency fiber laser with 1W output power at 1.5µm which is to our knowledge, five times the highest power from a single-frequency fiber laser reported to-date. The short unidirectional ring cavity approach is used to eliminate the spatial gain hole-burning associated with the standing-wave laser designs. A heavily-doped phosphate fiber inside the ring resonator serves as the active medium of the laser. Up to 700mW of output power, the longitudinal mode hops have been completely eliminated by using the adjustable coupled-cavity approach. At higher power levels, the laser still oscillates at a single longitudinal mode, but with infrequent mode hops that occur at a rate of few hops per minute. Compared to the Watt-level single-frequency amplified sources, our approach is simpler and offers better noise performance.
Metal−Organic Frameworks Based on Double-Bond-Coupled Di-Isophthalate Linkers with High Hydrogen and Methane Uptakes

Solvothermal reactions of Cu(NO3)2 with azoxybenzene-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid (H4aobtc) or trans-stilbene-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid (H4sbtc) give rise to two isostructural microporous metal−organic frameworks, Cu2(abtc)(H2O)2·3DMA (PCN-10, abtc = azobenzene-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylate) and Cu2(sbtc)(H2O)2·3DMA (PCN-11, sbtc = trans-stilbene-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylate), respectively. Both PCN-10 and PCN-11 possess significant enduring porosity with Langmuir surface areas of 1779 and 2442 m2/g (corresponding to BET surface areas of 1407 or 1931 m2/g, respectively) and contain nanoscopic cages and coordinatively unsaturated metal centers. At 77 K, 760 Torr, the excess gravimetric (volumetric) hydrogen uptake of PCN-10 is 2.34 wt % (18.0 g/L) and that of PCN-11 can reach 2.55 wt % (19.1 g/L). Gas-adsorption studies also suggest that MOFs containing C═C double bonds are more favorable than those with N═N double bond in retaining enduring porosity after thermal activation, although N═N has slightly hi...
The primary runoff as a remnant of the old South

Abstract During the Jim Crow era, the American South developed a distinctive one-party political structure. One important feature of that structure was the primary runoff, which was adopted to require candidates to generate majority support in the nomination process and to stimulate competition within the Democratic Party (thus keeping the Republican Party irrelevant). In this piece, I argue that although the South has become a two-party region and the runoff has lived beyond its original purposes, it continues to do many of the things it was put into place to do. As in decades past, the runoff still has an impact on such things as candidate emergence, the competitiveness of primaries, and the ability for voters to reevaluate their choices.
Use of an Andersen Bioaerosol Sampler to Simultaneously Provide Culturable Particle and Culturable Organism Size Distributions

A method is provided for estimating size distributions in terms of both culturable particles (CP) and culturable organisms (CO) from a single sample collected with an Andersen bioaerosol impactor. Half of the agar surface of each Petri dish is covered with a polycarbonate filter substrate through which liquid from the agar can wick and thereby form a flat wetted collection surface, and the other half of the agar surface is uncovered. Quantification of CO distribution results involves washing the collected particles from the filter surfaces and plating suitable dilutions of de-agglomerated particles, followed by incubating the organisms, and counting the resulting colonies; whereas, quantification of CP results is based on direct culturing of the agar media. Experiments were conducted with near-monodisperse clusters of Bacillus atrophaeus (aka BG) aerosols covering APS-determined geometric number mean sizes from 1.83 to 8.7 μm aerodynamic diameter (AD). There is little difference between the Andersen-deter...
Vibrational overtone spectroscopy of pyridine and related compounds

Abstract The vibrational overtone spectra of gaseous pyridine, 3-fluoropyridine, and 2,6-difluoropyridine were recorded using photoacoustic absorption spectroscopy. The pyridine, 3-fluoropyridine, and 2,6-difluoropyridine overtone spectra exhibit two local mode progressions. The appearance of these two progressions in the difluorinated compound results from a splitting of the C(3,5)-H and C(4)-H stretches which overlapped in pyridine. In 3-fluoropyridine, ab initio CH bond lengths were used to assign the lower energy progression to the C(2,6)-H stretches and the higher energy progression to the C(4,5)-H stretches. Alternatively these CH stretch absorptions may be mixed with other vibrational modes and cannot be assigned to the separate CH oscillators at the (2,6), (3,5) and 4 positions. Comparisons are made to the spectra of benzene and pyrrole which exhibit only one overtone peak at each quantum level.
The advancement of women in academic medicine.

THE FIRST known woman medical graduate in the United States, Elizabeth Blackwell, surmounted numerous difficulties and graduated from Geneva Medical College, New York, about 1850. Over the next 120 years, few women followed her. Since the 1970s, however, the number of women entering medicine has burgeoned, so that in the academic year 1989-1990, 38% of entrants and 33.9% of graduates of US medical schools were women. 1-3 In 1988 residency training groups, 49% of pediatric residents were women, 46% of obstetrics and gynecology residents, 39% of psychiatry residents, 30% of family practice residents, and 26% of internal medicine residents. 1 A smaller proportion of women have been trained in surgery or the various surgical specialties. There is no evidence to support the often expressed fears that women will either practice significantly fewer hours or drop out of professional activities more often than do men. 3 A number of women now
cDNA cloning of a mandibular organ inhibiting hormone from the spider crab Libinia emarginata

Mandibular organs (MO) produce a crustacean juvenile hormone, methyl farnesoate (MF). MO activity is negatively regulated by factors, called mandibular organ inhibiting hormones (MOIHs), from the crustacean sinus gland X-organ complex in the eyestalks. Three MOIHs have been isolated previously from the spider crab Libinia emarginata and are characterized as members of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) neuropeptide family. In the research reported here, a full length cDNA sequence of 972 bp of a MOIH was isolated by screening a cDNA library constructed from the eyestalks of Libinia emarginata. This cDNA sequence encodes a preprohormone peptide with 137 amino acid residues, including a 26-amino acid long signal peptide, a 34-amino acid long precursor peptide, a dibasic peptide, the full length of 72-amino acid long MOIH, and a tri-peptide Gly-Lys-Lys which designates the potential amidation site at the C-terminus of the mature peptide.
The fate of nitrogen in grain cropping systems: a meta‐analysis of 15N field experiments

Intensively managed grain farms are saturated with large inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, leading to N losses and environmental degradation. Despite decades of research directed toward reducing N losses from agroecosystems, progress has been minimal, and the currently promoted best management practices are not necessarily the most effective. We investigated the fate of N additions to temperate grain agroecosystems using a meta-analysis of 217 field-scale studies that followed the stable isotope 15N in crops and soil. We compared management practices that alter inorganic fertilizer additions, such as application timing or reduced N fertilizer rates, to practices that re-couple the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and N, such as organic N sources and diversified crop rotations, and analyzed the following response variables: 15N recovery in crops, total recovery of 15N in crops and soil, and crop yield. More of the literature (94%) emphasized crop recovery of 15N than total 15N recovery in crops and soil (58%), though total recovery is a more ecologically appropriate indicator for assessing N losses. Findings show wide differences in the ability of management practices to improve N use efficiency. Practices that aimed to increase crop uptake of commercial fertilizer had a lower impact on total 15N recovery (3-21% increase) than practices that re-coupled C and N cycling (30-42% increase). A majority of studies (66%) were only one growing season long, which poses a particular problem when organic N sources are used because crops recover N from these sources over several years. These short-term studies neglect significant ecological processes that occur over longer time scales. Field-scale mass balance calculations using the 15N data set show that, on average, 43 kg N x ha(-1) x yr(-1) was unaccounted for at the end of one growing season out of 114 kg N x ha(-1) x yr(-1), representing approximately 38% of the total 15N applied. This comprehensive assessment of stable-isotope research on agroecosystem N management can inform the development of policies to mitigate nonpoint source pollution. Nitrogen management practices that most effectively increase N retention are not currently being promoted and are rare on the landscape in the United States.
Differences between male and female sport event tourists: A qualitative study

Abstract This qualitative study, using the Zaltaman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET), investigated differences between male and female sport event tourists. Study participants cited different attributes, consequences, and values with respect to the five themes that emerged from this study: loyalty, socialization, self-actualization, volunteering, and equality through sport. The use of a grounded qualitative research approach made it possible to discover that the act of sport spectating could give sport event tourists the opportunity to reach other goals (e.g., social responsibility, self-actualization and healthy lifestyle). This study made several unique contributions to event tourism research. The most important finding, however, had to do with self-actualization. Socialization, travel, volunteering, and promoting gender equality and other social responsibilities through sport enable people to reach their potential and achieve a healthy lifestyle. These singular findings have implications to sports event management and marketing strategies.
Prediction of Occurrence of Periventricular Leukomalacia in Neonates After Heart Surgery Using a Decision Tree Algorithm

This paper is concerned with the prediction of the occurrence of Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL), a form of white-matter brain injury, in neonates after heart surgery. The data which is collected over a period of 12 hours after the cardiac surgery contains measurements with different resolutions. The fact that data is collected at different time scales makes the modeling approach impractical, if not impossible. Hence, the decision tree classification technique has been selected for its capacity for discovering rules and novel associations in the data. It classifies groups based on reducing uncertainty in the classified data. From a physiological point of view we know that there are several regulatory mechanisms responsible for fluctuation of the hemodynamic variables at different time scales. To discover the most important active physiological components which might lead to the occurrence of PVL, we focus on the variation in the data in 1 min, 20 min and 2 hour periods. We calculate the energy of continuous wavelet transform coefficients of vital data at these time scales as a measure of variation in the different time frames. Results obtained from developing decision tree classifiers show that among all variations in all the variables, 2 hour and 20 minute variations in the heart rate and also 1 minute and 20 minute variation in Oxygen saturation are the most important parameters to predict PVL occurrence.© 2012 ASME
Reserved delivery subnetwork configuration algorithm with the maximum sharing shortest path tree

The reserved delivery service can help the information service providers to provide more consistent performance to their customers by the provisioning of reserved bandwidth on a delivery subnetwork. However, the configuration problem of a reserved delivery subnetwork is a hard optimization problem with no efficient exact algorithm besides exhaust searches. In this paper, we introduce a reserved delivery subnetwork configuration algorithm based on an idea of the maximum sharing shortest path tree (MSSPT). The proposed algorithm is motivated by the observation that the path sharing of multiple flows reduce the cost in reserved delivery subnetworks. Thus, a solution close to the optimal could occur in a subnetwork with the maximum degree of flow sharing. The maximum sharing shortest path tree problem can be categorized as a multicriteria shortest path problem. Using an algorithm based on the shortest path network (SPN, a unique subnetwork in which every path s → u is a shortest path in the original graph), we develop an efficient algorithm for the maximum sharing shortest path problem. The proposed algorithm is an approximation algorithm in nature because it takes the MSSPT as the approximation solution to the reserved delivery subnetwork configuration problem. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance against an easily computed lower bound, but has time complexity comparable to a single source shortest path algorithm.
Introducing Google Chart Tools and Google Maps API in Data Visualization Courses

This article reports the experience of using Google Chart Tools and Google Maps in a data visualization course at Georgia State University. These visualization toolkits have many benefits but haven't been widely used in such courses. Students found them easy to use for creating a variety of interactive data visualizations.
Diagnostic Utility of the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory.

Abstract This study assessed the diagnostic utility of the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory (PDDBI) in a sample of 84 children aged 3–12 years of age. Forty-two children with ASD were individually matched on age and non-verbal IQ to 42 children with other disabilities and groups were compared on PDDBI subscales and total score. Results indicated that the groups differed on the total score and on only one of the 14 subscales. Optimal sensitivity and specificity were achieved using a cutoff score of 45 on the Autism Composite T-score. Diagnostic accuracy was not good (sensitivity = .74, specificity = .62, efficiency = .68), but better in individuals with NVIQ
Why Teenagers Come for Treatment: A Ten-Year Prospective Epidemiological Study in Woodlawn

Abstract The factors that influence people to come for psychiatric treatment are not well known. This report comes from a long-term prospective study of the 1966–1967 first-grade population of children and families in Woodlawn, a poor, black, urban community on Chicago's South Side. These children, now adolescents, were recently reassessed in a 10-year follow-up and were offered access to a free, broad psychiatric treatment program. Prior and current psychological and social problems did not discriminate those who came for the program from those who did not. However, the black college students who conducted the reassessment sessions were significant in determining which teenagers came for treatment.
Relationship of field dependence/independence to adaption-innovation in alcoholics.

Using alcoholics as subjects, the present study attempted a replication of Kirton's 1978 study in which he demonstrated a relationship between his adaption-innovation theory and Witkin's concept of field dependence/independence. Correlations obtained in the present study paralleled those of Kirton. As a group, alcoholics tended to be field-dependent in orientation. Innovators were less field-dependent than adaptors and “average” individuals. It was suggested that the varied characteristics of alcoholics should be considered when planning therapeutic strategies.
A survey of the patterns influencing adolescent females' nicotine smoking behaviour

The patterns that influence adolescent females' nicotine smoking and their behaviour were studied using the Female Adolescent Smoking Patterns Questionnaire (FASPQ), which had been adapted from Colletti et al (1985) Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ). The FASPQ includes questions on the level of confidence, patterns of tobacco use, developmental patterns, and psychological patterns or levels of anxiety. The research was guided by Peplau's (1952/1991) theory of interpersonal relations in nursing. The sample was composed of III students in grade nine health classes in a large, metropolitan private high school in southeastern Canada. Statistical tests included: measures of central tendency, frequency, χ2 and t tests. The results demonstrated a significant difference in the means of the tobacco use patterns with the developmental, psychological and confidence patterns. There was no significant difference found with the tobacco use patterns and the physiological patterns. However, a dependence in the r...
Atomic Carbon in the Envelopes of Carbon-rich Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars

Atomic carbon has been detected in the envelopes of three carbon-rich evolved stars: HD 44179 (\AFGL 915, the ii Red Rectangle ˇˇ), HD 56126, and, tentatively, the carbon star V Hya. This brings to seven the number of evolved star envelopes in which C I has been detected. Upper limits were found for several other stars, including R CrB. C I was not detected in several oxygen-rich postasymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars (OH 231.8)4.2, for example), although it is detected in their carbon-rich analogs. Two trends are evident in the data. First, circumstellar envelopes with detectable C I are overwhelmingly carbon-rich, suggesting that much of the C I is produced by the dissociation of molecules other than CO. Second, the more evolved the envelope away from the AGB, the higher the C I/CO ratio. The oxygen- rich supergiant star a Ori remains the only oxygen-rich star with a wind containing detectable C I. These data suggest an evolutionary sequence for the C I/CO ratio in cool circumstellar envelopes. This ratio is small (a few percent) while the star is on the AGB, and the C I is located in the outer envelope and produced by photodissociation. The ratio increases to about 0.5 as the star evolves away from the AGB because of the dissociation of CO and other carbon-bearing molecules by shocks caused by the fast winds which appear at the end of evolution on the AGB. Finally, the ratio becomes ?1 as the central star becomes hot enough to photodissociate CO. Subject headings: circumstellar matterstars: abundancesstars: AGB and post-AGB ¨ stars: evolution
Ubiquitination of Na,K‐ATPase α1 and α2 subunits

Na,K-ATPase, an essential transporter of mammalian cells, is an oligomeric transmembrane protein composed of two subunits, α and β, of which there are several isoforms. In this study, we demonstrate that the α1 and α2 isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase α subunit are modified by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin polymers in COS-7 cells. We propose that polyubiquitination of the Na,K-ATPase α subunit may play a role in regulating its degradation.
Optical Transversal Processor For Notch Filtering

A frequency domain implementation of an optical transversal processor has been described previously. Since this system uses Bragg cells both as the delay line and as the accumulators that provide the tap weights, a key question concerns the effect the finite integration times have on the perfor-mance of the system. Computer programs were written to simulate an adaptive notch filtering application; the measure of performance is the correlation coefficient for the residual signal and the desired received signal. The correlation coefficient was increased significantly by tapering the accumulators so that the readaptation phenomena caused by large values leaving the accumulator are minimized. Several examples of the performance are given as a function of the number of taps, the length and degree of taper of the accumulator, the feedback gain, and the number of iterations. The results show that a finite accumulator is not a serious drawback, particularly for those applications in which the system must operate in a rapidly changing environment. The performance of the system then approaches that of one having an infinite accumulator with the gain adjusted to give equivalent tracking performance.
Altruism and economic development: The case of the igbo of South-Eastern Nigeria

Abstract The fledgling literature on “humanistic economics” has succeeded in debunking the neoclassical assumption of self-interested behavior and utility maximization. What it has failed to do, or at any rate failed to do satisfactorily, is to explain why people act selfishly sometimes and cooperatively at other times. More specifically, “humanistic economics” does not shed much light on why societies that were known to be cooperative eventually turned to uncooperative modes of behavior. In this paper, a framework for understanding such a behavioral change is developed. This framework is based on a distinction between primary and secondary norms and values. It is argued that under certain conditions, the latter may dominate the former.
Application of the maximum rate of dissipation criterion to dilatant, pressure dependent plasticity models

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of the maximum rate of dissipation criterion to derive constitutive relations for dilatant pressure dependent elastoplastic materials (including certain soil and rock mechanics models as well as models for crushable foams). Hitherto, it has been assumed in the literature that such materials do not satisfy the maximum rate of dissipation criterion without additional constraints. This paper elucidates how the approach using the maximum rate of dissipation can be applied to derive the constitutive equations for rate independent plasticity for both associative and non-associative materials in a consistent manner by using the tools of convex analysis (especially gauge functions) and rate of dissipation functions that are not “normlike” (a notion that will be discussed in the paper). The results obtained in the paper show that a wide class of models for which the “plastic potential” is not the same as the yield function (i.e., the flow rule is “non-associative”) can be derived from this assumption in a relatively straightforward manner and without the need for any additional constraints. Specifically, both the yield function and the flow potential can be derived from the rate of dissipation function through the maximization process. As examples of the application of the general approach, the evolution equations for the Drucker–Prager and crushable foam models (where plastic volume change occurs and the plastic strain rate is not directed along the normal to the yield surface) are derived.
Application of the NRL tight-binding method to the heavy elements Pb and Po

Abstract We have applied the NRL tight-binding (TB) method to study the mechanical and electronic properties of the heavy elements Pb and Po. The predicted properties include ground-state structure, electronic band structure and elastic moduli. Phonon-dispersion curves at T=0 K were also determined. As demonstrated in this paper, the results are in good agreement with the full potential linearized augmented plane wave calculations and the available experimental data. In addition, we performed molecular-dynamics simulations to obtain various temperature-dependent quantities of Pb such as the atomic mean-square displacement, Debye-Waller factor and thermal expansion coefficient. With our TB we have also calculated the vacancy formation energy of Pb. Finally, we report on the effects of spin–orbit coupling, through our TB scheme, on electronic structure and energetic properties.
Contributions of heme and nonheme iron to human nutrition

Dietary iron is present in food both in inorganic forms as ferrous and ferric compounds, and in organic forms, the most important of these being heme iron. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the contributions of both heme and nonheme iron in establishing and maintaining a healthful iron status. The human requirement for iron, bioavailability of heme and nonheme iron, and amounts of heme and nonheme iron in the diet are individually estimated after reviewing the relevant literature in Sections II, III, and IV, respectively. In Section V, the contribution of heme and nonheme iron to human nutrition, as compared to the human requirement for iron (Section II), is estimated after attenuating the amounts of heme and nonheme iron found in the diet (Section IV) by their bioavailabilities (Section III).
Fractionally Charged Particles in the SU3 Model

The concept of triality type forS U3 is discussed in connection with the recent suggestion of Gell-Mann on fractionally charged particles. The significance of triality for interactions is emphasized.