cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tacrolimus Analysis: A Comparison of Different Methods and Matrices

We determined the through blood and plasma concentrations of tacrolimus from the day of transplantation through 30 days posttransplantation in four liver and four kidney transplant patients by three different methods. The first method involved a solid phase extraction of the blood or plasma using Sep-Pak columns (SPs) followed by quantitation of tacrolimus using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the second method involved a liquid-liquid extraction using methylene chloride (MC) followed by quantitation of tacrolimus using the ELISA, and the third method involved a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation of the extract obtained from the solid-phase extraction and quantitation of tacrolimus in the fractions by ELISA. The trough plasma tacrolimus concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 5.2 ng/ml. While the trough plasma concentrations of tacrolimus were similar and independent of the method of analysis in kidney transplant patients and in liver transplant patients with normal biochemical profile, in patients with liver dysfunction, tacrolimus plasma concentrations were higher when measured by SP-ELISA and MC-ELISA methods as compared to the HPLC-ELISA method. In plasma samples obtained from liver transplant patients with liver dysfunction, the presence of some metabolites that cross-reacted with the antibody used in the ELISA could be documented in the HPLC fraction corresponding to the metabolites. This indicates that while tacrolimus metabolites that cross-react significantly with the antibody used in the ELISA do not accumulate in kidney transplant patients, they can appear in the plasma of patients, they can appear in the plasma of patients with liver dysfunction. The trough blood tacrolimus concentrations in patients were significantly higher than the corresponding plasma concentrations and ranged from 1.4 to 107 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Global distribution of late Paleogene hiatuses

Six global late Paleogene hiatuses (PHa to PHe) have been identified from deep-sea sequences. These hiatuses occurred at the middle/late Eocene boundary, late Eocene, Eocene/Oligocene boundary, late early Oligocene, late Oligocene, and Oligocene/Miocene boundary horizons. Paleodepth distribution of hiatuses shows hiatus maxima characterized by major mechanical erosion below 4800 m, at mid-depth between 2000 and 3000 m, and in shallower water above 1600 m paleodepth. The geographic distribution and paleodepth of these hiatus maxima suggest that flow paths of major water masses and currents are the principal cause. Widespread short hiatuses due to carbonate dissolution or nondeposition occurred primarily during global cooling trends or climatic instability and appear to correlate to sea-level transgressions or onlap sequences. These hiatuses may have been caused by basin-shelf fractionation of carbonates.
An NMR investigation of CO tolerance in a Pt/Ru fuel cell catalyst.

We report the first combined application of solid-state electrochemical NMR (EC NMR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and potentiostatic current generation to investigate the topic of the ruthenium promotion of MeOH electro-oxidation over nanoscale platinum catalysts. The CV and EC NMR results give evidence for two types of CO: CO on essentially pure Pt and CO on Pt/Ru islands. There is no NMR evidence for rapid exchange between the two CO populations. CO molecules on the primarily Pt domains behave much like CO on pure Pt, with there being little effect of Ru on the Knight shift or on Korringa relaxation. In sharp contrast, COs on Pt/Ru have highly shifted 13C NMR resonances, much weaker Korringa relaxation, and, at higher temperatures, they undergo thermally activated surface diffusion. For CO on Pt, the correlation observed between the 2π* Fermi level local density of states and the steady-state current suggests a role for Ru in weakening the Pt−CO bond, thereby increasing the CO oxidation rate (current). Th...
Mechanical properties of lunar surface material

This paper contains a review of the information that has been obtained about the mechanical properties of the lunar surface from observations made by the American Surveyor spacecraft. It is shown that for a depth of a few meters the material is granular, having a size grading with 90% below about 250 to 500 μ and 50% below 20 μ. The rock density is about 2.4 to 3.1 g/cm^3. From the imprints of the Surveyor footpads it is deduced that the angle of internal friction of the material is 37° to 39° and the cohesion is in the region 0.05 to 0.1 psi. The bulk density is about 1.5 g/cm^3, indicating a voidage of 0.45. The results are compared with those obtained from observations made by the Russian Luna spacecraft and it is suggested that differences between the two sets of results are due to ambiguities in the Russian estimate of the bulk density of the granular surface.
Disruption of attention to novel events after frontal lobe injury in humans

OBJECTIVE—To investigate whether frontal lobe damage in humans disrupts the natural tendency to preferentially attend to novel visual events in the environment. METHODS—Nine patients with chronic infarctions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and 23 matched normal controls participated in a study in which subjects viewed repetitive background stimuli, infrequent target stimuli, and novel visual stimuli (for example, fragmented or "impossible" objects). Subjects controlled viewing duration by a button press that led to the onset of the next stimulus. They also responded to targets by pressing a foot pedal. The amount of time spent looking at the different kinds of stimuli, and the target detection accuracy and speed served as dependent variables. RESULTS—Overall, normal controls spent significantly more time than frontal lobe patients looking at novel stimuli. Analysis of responses across blocks showed that initially frontal lobe patients behaved like normal controls by directing more attention to novel than background stimuli. However, they quickly began to distribute their viewing time evenly between novel and background stimuli, a pattern that was strikingly different from normal controls. By contrast, there were no differences between frontal lobe patients and normal controls for viewing duration devoted to background and target stimuli, target detection accuracy, or reaction time to targets. Frontal lobe patients did not differ from normal controls in terms of age, education, estimated IQ, or mood, but were more apathetic as measured by self report and informants' judgments. Attenuated responses to novel stimuli significantly correlated with degree of apathy. CONCLUSIONS—This study demonstrates that DLPFC injury selectively impairs the natural tendency to seek stimulation from novel and unusual stimuli. These data provide the first quantitative behavioural demonstration that the human frontal lobes play a critical part in directing and sustaining attention to novel events. The impairment of novelty seeking behaviour may contribute to the characteristic apathy found in patients with frontal lobe injury.
Approximate dynamic similitude in energetic multi-domain systems: Quantification and use in multiobjective scaling

This paper examines the scaling of an energetic system to meet new design requirements while satisfying dynamic similitude. The literature defines such similitude discretely, in terms of whether the scaled design satisfies monomial scaling laws derived via the Pi Theorem (or its group-theoretic extensions). Previous work adds flexibility to this approach by using activity analysis to (i) assess the relative importance of scaling laws and (ii) neglect less important ones. Difficulties still arise when scaling laws deemed important cannot be followed exactly (e.g., due to design constraints), thus precluding exact similitude. To address these difficulties, this paper proposes the first continuous measure of approximate similitude, namely, the activity-weighted deviation of a system design from exact similitude. The paper then presents a multiobjective scaling framework that trades approximate similitude off versus other scaling requirements and constraints. Two examples, pertaining to quarter-car and fuel cell air supply scaling, demonstrate the proposed approach.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Tests of biological corridor efficacy for conservation of a Neotropical giant damselfly

Abstract Deforestation and forest fragmentation are important drivers of global biodiversity loss and negatively impact ecosystem health and landscape continuity. One approach to reducing these impacts is the establishment of biological corridors. Studies on corridor efficacy have been limited to a small subset of taxa; while important, these data can rarely be extrapolated to other systems. I tested whether Megaloprepus caerulatus , a giant tree-hole breeding damselfly adapted to mature Neotropical forests, can and does disperse from mature forest to fragments that are components of an established corridor. I monitored presence of M. caerulatus in four secondary forest fragments of the San Juan-La Selva biological corridor network and in the contiguous La Selva forest. I compared densities of adult M. caerulatus and larval presence in artificial and natural breeding sites over the course of one year. None of the artificial holes in fragments were colonized by M. caerulatus whereas at La Selva 25% of artificial holes and 63% of natural tree holes were colonized. I tested M. caerulatus ‘s ability to fly over pasture between fragments with a dispersal challenge experiment. Although the damselfly successfully crossed gaps of 25 m, it had difficulty traversing gaps as narrow as 50–100 m. Based on analysis of 360° photos taken from each release distance, the forest edge was less distinguishable from distances ⩾50 m. These results suggest limited conservation utility of existing biological corridor networks for M. caerulatus .
PROPERTIES OF AN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-BINDING PROTEIN-4 PROTEASE THAT IS SECRETED BY SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) secrete insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) and an IGFBP-4 protease. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of this IGFBP-4 protease and to compare its inhibitor profile to those of IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-2 proteases, which are also present in SMC-conditioned medium. Cultured SMC were exposed to serum-free medium for periods of 24-72 h, and the amount of proteolytic activity in the conditioned medium was assessed by its capacity to degrade pure IGFBP-4. Minimal activity (e.g. < 20% of IGFBP-4 degraded in 24 h at 37 C) was present in conditioned medium unless IGF-I or IGF-II was added. This resulted in more than 60% of the intact IGFBP-4 being degraded in 14 h. The activity was a calcium-dependent serine protease and was inhibited by EDTA or 3,4-dicloroisocoumarin. Calcium, but not zinc, could restore proteolytic activity. Heparin alone inhibited IGFBP-4 proteolysis by more than 60%. When heparin cofactor-II and antithrombin-III (AT-III) were added alone, they each had an effect. The combination of heparin plus AT-III was no more active than heparin alone, but the combination of heparin cofactor-II and heparin resulted in near complete inhibition. Peptides that contained the active sites of AT-III or alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were potent inhibitors of the IGFBP-4 protease. The medium also contained proteolytic activities for IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5. Comparison of the inhibitor profiles for the IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 proteolytic activities revealed major differences, but the IGFBP-2 proteolytic activity was very similar to that of the IGFBP-4 protease. IGFBP-4 zymography showed a band with a molecular mass estimate of 48 kilodaltons. In contrast, when IGFBP-2 was used as the substrate, a single band at 36 kilodaltons was visualized. These data taken together with the protease inhibitor results suggest that the IGFBP-2, IGFBP-4, and IGFBP-5 proteases are members of a similar family of calcium-dependent serine proteases, but they are distinct proteases. As IGFBP-4 is a potent inhibitor of IGF action, and the activity of this protease is regulated by IGF exposure, the protease represents a novel system for regulating the actions of IGF-I in this cell type.
Design of a Frequency-Selective Surface strain sensor

Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) have long been used in the RF/microwave community to control radar cross-section. The scattering parameters of the FSS form a signature which is a function of the frequency, element size and spacing, as well as the local electromagnetic environment. This paper considers a FSS as a strain sensor on the surface of a structural element. By interrogating the FSS with a series of polarized far-field measurements in a bistatic configuration the biaxial plane strain, including shear, can be resolved.
HIP Librarians: An Introduction to Historically Informed Performance for Music Librarians

Preparing a historically informed performance requires musicians to think critically about the various sources of musical evidence available and to apply them in performance. This article will explore the music librarian’s role in performance practice. How can music librarians leverage the primary sources in their collections and encourage performers to enrich their performances?
Potentiation of two sympathetic reflexes by yohimbine hydrochloride

Abstract Yohimbine hydrochloride (0.5 mg kg i.v.) resulted in a pronounced increase in electrodermal (sympathetic-cholinergic) and nictitating membrane reflexes in intact anaesthetized and decerebrate unanaesthetized cats. Potentiation by yohimbine of these two sympathetic reflexes was not an indirect action due to lowering of blood pressure as the effect was still observed in baroreceptor denervated cats. Yohimbine had no effect on electrodermal reflexes evoked in spinal preparations nor did it alter the peripheral frequency-response curves for either effector. Yohimbine also appeared to increase central tonic activity with regard to basal skin potential, nictitating membrane basal tone and heart rate levels. These results suggest that yohimbine may be acting to antagonize central inhibitory tone to both of these autonomic systems. With regard to the electrodermal system, yohimbine may be acting at the level of the spinal cord to block tonic inhibition descending from the lower brain stem.
A Closed Pulsating Universe with Inner Dimensionality

The closed universe begins with a point singularity at the Big Bang and returns to a point singularity at the Big Crunch. These singularities present serious mathematical difficulties in extrapolating to times before the initial and after the final events. Such situations violate Einstein's singularity-free field theory. A possible solution to the crisis posed by gravitational collapse and the singularity problem is to regard Einstein's field equations for the problem as analogous to a dynamical system that requires stabilization. Attention is presently given to a dynamically stabilized model which views the universe as pulsating, with a collapse that rebounds at some minimum value of the expansion parameter. 10 references.
Heat release and induced strain in premixed flames

Numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate some effects of heat release in open premixed flames, especially the strain induced in the reactant flow field. A simple model represents the heat release by treating the flame front as a two-dimensional line source of volume. The velocity and strain rate induced in the flow field are determined and the numerical solution for the case of a laminar double kernel ignition is obtained. Of primary interest is the strain rate induced in the reactants between the expanding flame kernels and, for heat release rates typical of hydrocarbon flames, the strain rate at the plane of symmetry midway between the kernels up to 150 s{sup {minus}1}. The kernel size and shape, as well as density ratio across the flame front and the laminar burning velocity, were found to have a significant effect on the induced strain rates. For the case of turbulent combustion the velocity induced in the reactant stream is measured experimentally tangential to the mean flame zone and also in a plane parallel to the flame holder of methane/air open premixed turbulent v-shaped flames over a range of equivalence ratios. Divergent flow fields, with mean strain rates up to 50more » s{sup {minus}1}, are induced by the heat release within the flame zone and the consequences of this for determining the turbulent burning velocity in this and similar systems, with special emphasis on the use of the double kernel technique in turbulent media, are discussed.« less
Fine structure of gels prepared from an actin‐binding protein and actin: Comparison to cytoplasmic extracts and cortical cytoplasm in amoeboid cells of Dictyostelium discoideum

We have identified the three-dimensional ultrastructure of actin gels that are formed in well-characterized cell extracts and mixtures of purified actin and the 120K actin-binding protein and compared these to the ultrastructure of the cytoplasmic matrix in regions of nonextracted Dictyostelium amoebae that are rich in actin and 120K. This ultrastructural characterization was achieved by using critical-point-dried whole-mount preparations. All three preparations—gelled extracts, purified proteins, and cortical cytoplasm—are composed of filament networks. The basic morphological feature of these networks is the presence of contacts between convergent filaments resulting in “T” or “X” shaped contacts. The finding that actin-containing gels are composed of filament networks, where the primary interaction occurs between convergent filaments, reconciles the known requirement of F actin for gelation with the amorphous appearance of these gels in thin sections. Increasing the molar ratio of 120K dimer to actin monomer increases the number of contacts between filaments per unit volume and decreases the lengths of filaments between contacts. This indicates that 120K stabilizes interactions between filaments and is consistent with biochemical evidence that 120K cross-links actin filaments. The cortical network in situ resembles more closely networks formed in 120K-rich extracts than networks assembled in mixtures of purified 120K and actin. The heterogeneity of filament diameters and variation of network density are properties shared by extracts and the cytomatrix in situ while networks found in purified l20K-actin gels have filament diameters and densities that are more uniform. These differences are certainly due to the more complex composition of cell extracts and cortical cytoplasm as compared to that of purified 120K-actin gels.
Redefining “news” in network television news content research

This investigation attempted to provide support for a redefinition of the terms “domestic,” “international” and “foreign” news in network television news content research. Results obtained from a c...
An approach for impact structure optimization using the robust genetic algorithm

A practical approach for impact structure and crashworthiness optimization is introduced. This approach takes advantage of the global-searching ability of GA, yet also considers the instability of explicit finite element analysis. A numerical example was solved and the result was compared with the result obtained by traditional NLP. The result showed that global searching cannot be ignored at least in the current example. The approach shows promise in implementing impact structure optimization.
Mixed-sputter deposition of Ni-Ti-Cu shape memory films

Abstract Ni-Ti-Cu shape memory films were mixed-sputter deposited from separate nickel, titanium, and copper targets, providing increased compositional flexibility. Shape memory characteristics, examined for films with 7 at.% Cu and 41–51 at.% Ti, were determined with temperature-controlled substrate-curvature measurements, and the microstructure was studied with transmission electron microscopy. The Ni-Ti-Cu films were found to have shape memory properties comparable with bulk materials, with transformation temperatures between 20 and 62 °C, a 10–13 °C hysteresis, and up to 330 MPa recoverable stress.
Technical Note-Generation of Variates from Distribution Tails

The well known acceptance/rejection algorithm for generating random values on a computer is specialized for distribution tails. Using an exponential majorizing function and a linear minorizing function, the tail algorithm becomes particularly efficient. Specific algorithms are given for the normal, gamma, Weibull and beta distributions. While the algorithms can be used alone, it is anticipated that their major value will be to serve as components of algorithms for complete distributions.
Gene-dosing effect and persistence of reduction in ischemic brain injury in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase.

We investigated whether the reduction in ischemic brain injury in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) null mice is related to the iNOS gene copy number, and whether such protection is long lasting. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded in heterozygous (+/−) and homozygous (−/−) iNOS null mice, as well as in wild-type littermates (iNOS +/+). Four days after MCA occlusion, total infarct volume was reduced by 29% in iNOS −/− mice (n=6; P<0.05) and by 14% in iNOS±mice (n=8; P<0.05), compared to iNOS +/+ (n=8). Ten days after MCA occlusion, total infarct volume was still reduced in iNOS +/− (−14%) and −/− mice (−21%; P<0.05 from iNOS +/+; n=8/group). These data indicate that the reduction in infarct volume is greater in iNOS −/− than in iNOS +/− mice and that the effect is stable in time. We conclude that the reduction in ischemic damage conferred by iNOS deletion exhibits a gene-dosing effect and that the protection is long lasting.
The Relationship of Life Satisfaction to Patterns of Past Employment and Homemaking Responsibility for Older Women

This study examined the relationships among six different patterns of past employment and homemaking experiences and life satisfaction for a group of 172 older women who resided in subsidized housing in Brooklyn, New York. Data collected through the use of self-report questionnaires administered in small group settings provided demographic information, employment histories, self-assessed patterns of past employment and homemaking, as well as life satisfaction ratings. A series of regression analyses indicated that an older woman's pattern of past employment and homemaking was not significantly related to her level of life satisfaction. Perceived functional health and perceived financial adequacy were found to be related to life satisfaction, each explaining moderate amounts of life satisfaction variance.
Interaction of the Calcium Channel α2/δ1 Subunit with an ATP Synthase in the Plasma Membrane of Muscle Cells

The calcium channel α2/δ1 subunit is expressed prior to Cav1.1 and is localized at the leading edges of young skeletal myotubes, suggesting that it may interact with other cellular components. To address this issue, multi protein complexes were isolated from skeletal muscle of P0 mice and analyzed with blue native PAGE and Western blots. These studies showed that the α2/δ1 subunit is found in a large complex of ∼670 kDa, which was also present in cultures of skeletal myotubes and C2C12 cells. This complex was isolated and further analyzed with mass spectroscopy. Mascot search results identified the β subunit of the ATP synthase (ATP5β) in the ∼670 kDa complex, which is normally present in the mitochondrial membrane. However, the presence of ATP5β and α2/δ1 subunit in the plasma membrane was confirmed by biotin labeling of membrane proteins. Immunocytochemistry analysis of skeletal myotubes in culture showed co-localization of α2/δ1 subunit and ATP5β in some cells. To determine a functional significance of the interaction between α2/δ1 subunit and ATP5β, calcium transients were electrically evoked and recorded from myotubes using confocal microscopy. Exposure of myotubes to an ATP5β monoclonal antibody resulted in a significantly faster decay of calcium transients after a train of stimuli. This effect was less pronounced when myotubes were stimulated with a single pulse. These experiments provide the first direct evidence suggesting that the α2/δ1 subunit may be able to form complexes with proteins other than the Cav1.1 and suggest new signaling roles of α2/δ1 in muscle cells. In addition, they show that a molecule involved in the synthesis of ATP in the inner mitochondrial membrane can be also localized in the plasma membrane. Supported by the Muscular Dystrophy Association.
What Controls Evapotranspiration in the Amazon Basin

Abstract Global climate models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs) generally show a decrease in the dry season evapotranspiration (ET) rate over the entire Amazon basin. Based on anecdotal observations, it has been suggested that they probably overestimate tropical rain forest water stress. In this study, eddy covariance flux measurements from eight different towers of the Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) were used to provide a first look at the spatial variability and temporal cycle of ET throughout the basin. Results show strong seasonality in ET for stations near the equator (2°–3°S), with ET increasing during the dry season (June–September) and decreasing during the wet season (December–March), both correlated (0.75 to 0.94) and in phase with the net radiation annual cycle. In stations located farther south (9°–11°S) no clear seasonality could be identified in either net radiation or ET. For these more southerly stations, net radiation and ET are still correlated (0....
Microstructure and charge transport in electrically conducting polypyrrole/poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) composite fibers

Abstract Electrically conducting composite polypyrrole/poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA or Kevlar R ) fibers have been prepared by chemical polymerization of pyrrole within the void structure of never-dried PPTA fibers. The composite morphology has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide angle x-ray diffraction techniques, which indicate the existence within the fiber interior of a dispersed polypyrrole phase having no preferred direction of orientation. The d.c. conductivity exhibits a temperature dependence characteristic of three-dimensional variable-range hopping in the limit of low temperature; however it begins to diverge from this law at higher temperatures for the more conductive samples. The temperature dependence of the composite fiber thermopower can be understood in terms of the model proposed by Kaiser.
Relationship between surgical-pathological risk factors and outcome in clinical stage I and II carcinoma of the endometrium: A gynecologic oncology group study

Abstract Between June 20, 1977 and February 5, 1983, the Gynecologic Oncology Group entered 1180 women with clinical stage I or II (occult) endometrial carcinoma into a surgical-pathological staging study. Eight hundred ninety-five patients with endometrioid or adenosquamous carcinoma were evaluable for this study which relates surgical-pathological parameters and postoperative treatment to recurrence-free interval and recurrence site. Proportional hazards modeling of time to recurrence was performed. For patients without metastasis determined by surgical-pathological staging the greatest determinant of recurrence was grade 3 histology [adenocarcinoma grade 3, relative risk (RR) = 15; adenosquamous carcinoma grade 3, RR=8.1; all adenocanthomas, RR=1.0). Of 48 patients with histologically documented aortic node metastases, 47 had one or more of the following features: (1) grossly positive pelvic nodes, (2) grossly positive adnexal metastasis, or (3) outer one-third myometrial invasion. Pelvic radiation was administered to 48.0% and vaginal brachytherapy alone to 10.2% of patients postoperatively; 41.8% received no adjuvant radiation therapy. None of three recurrences in the vaginal implant group were vaginal or pelvic; 7.4% (7 of 95) of recurrences in the pelvic radiation therapy (RT) group were vaginal and 16.8% were pelvic; 18.2% (8 of 44) of recurrences in the no adjuvant radiation group were vaginal and 31.8% pelvic. Because of the high degree of selection bias no valid comparisons can be made of recurrence-free interval in these groups. The 5-year recurrence-free interval for patients with negative surgical-pathological risk factors (other than grade and myoinvasion) was 92.7%; involvement of the isthmus/cervix 69.8%; positive pelvic cytology 56.0%; vascular space invasion 55.0%; pelvic node or adnexal metastases 57.8%; and aortic node metastases or gross laparotomy findings 41.2%. It is not clear that cervix invasion per se diminishes survival, because it is more often associated with poor tumor differentiation (34.7% versus 24.0%, grade 3) and deep myoinvasion (47.0% vs 18.6%) than cases without cervix invasion. The relapse rate among cervix-positive and -negative cases with grade 3 lesions and deep myoinvasion is not dramatically different (48.8% vs 39.8%). The proportion of failures which were vaginal/pelvic (34.6% for the surgery only group compared to 12.5% of the RT group) appears to favor the use of adjuvant radiation for patients with more than one-third myoinvasion and grade 2 or 3 tumor. There were 97 patients in the study group with malignant cytology of which 29.1% had regional/distant failure, which compares to 10.5% of the cytology-negative patients. These data seem to implicate malignant cytology as a serious adverse finding, especially with respect to the risk for regional/distant and abdominal failure.
Process controls to avert mistransfusion

The key to error reduction in medicine is to focus on the process being applied and not just those performing the process. As human error is inevitable, it is necessary to evaluate and re-design processes so that errors cannot happen or are reliably detected and interdicted before patient harm is the outcome. One tool that is useful to ensure that a process has been completed correctly is a ‘process control’, a step in a process the successful completion of which ensures that all preceding critical steps have been accomplished successfully. (An example from immunohematology is the use of ‘check cells’.) To reduce the risk of mistransfusion, for example, process controls can be applied by using bedside systems that apply to the patient's bar-coded identification to the label of a pretransfusion testing sample or by using a mechanical barrier system to ensure that the person who gave that sample is the one receiving the transfusion. Other approaches include the use of remote-release refrigeration systems or the use of only Group O red cells for transfusion until the patient's ABO group has been confirmed on a second sample. Applying techniques like this would significantly reduce the ongoing – but avoidable – catastrophes of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions.
(Re)Imagining the West: The Whitney Gallery of Western Art’s Sacred Hymn

In 2009, the Whitney Gallery of Western Art (WGWA), located within the Buffalo Bill Historical Center (BBHC) in Cody, Wyoming, was redesigned—its art rehung and its vision of the West reimagined. The newly designed gallery replaced the structuring principles of history, artist, and genre that had governed the previous layout and design of the gallery with a thematic structure that elicits a series of affective dissonances. In this essay, we argue that the redesigned Whitney Gallery of Western Art performs a sacred hymn that—in repositioning Buffalo Bill Cody as its orchestrating figure—resolves discordant images and narratives of the West, harmonizes diverse themes into a single vision, and reconstitutes national identity in terms of the Western sublime.
Faculty and Graduate Student Search Patterns and Perceptions of Videos in the Online Catalog

In this study, Texas A&M University faculty and graduate students from 16 departments completed a survey about their methods of finding videocassettes in the library, how they searched the online catalog LibCat for videocassettes, and their perceptions of catalog record elements. Results demonstrated that the majority of respondents used LibCat the most often for finding videocassettes. They searched by title and were satisfied with known item searching. Finally, respondents considered authors of original works, actors, and directors as useful to both search and view in LibCat, while few perceived editor, consultant, and camera person as useful.
Children-Adult Comparisons of VO2 and HR Kinetics during Submaximum Exercise

Abstract Oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) kinetics for submaximum exercise were compared in prepubescent boys (mean age ± SD = 10.2 ± 1.28 years, N = 21) and adult men (30.0 ± 5.64 years, N = 21). Standard open circuit spirometric techniques were used to determine VO2 and a bipolar ECG was used to measure HR. The kinetics of VO2 and HR were determined for each subject using graphic procedures. Subjects performed submaximum exercise on the bicycle ergometer at an intensity of 42 ± 1.3% (mean ± SE) of VO2 max for the children and 39 ± 0.7% of VO2 max for the adults (p = .07). There were no group differences in VO2 t1/2 (children t1/2 = 18.5 ± 0.75 secs and adults t1/2 = 17.4 ± 0.39 secs, p = .18) and HR t1/2 (children t1/2 = 11.4 ± 1.86 secs and adults t1/2 = 13.6 ± 1.66 secs, p = .38). These data suggest that children and adults do not differ in cardiorespiratory adjustments during low intensity exercise. This is in contrast to suggestions of other investigators that children have a faster cardiovas...
Cognitive Biases and Suicidal Ideation in Elderly Psychiatric Inpatients

Cognitive factors such as perceptions of poor health and negative expectancies toward the future may mediate relationships between health variables, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. In t...
Incorporation of Hydrogen-Bonding Functionalities into the Second Coordination Sphere of Iron-Based Water-Oxidation Catalysts

Energy storage and conversion schemes based on environmentally benign chemical fuels will require the discovery of faster, cheaper, and more robust catalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER). Although the incorporation of pendant bases into molecular catalysts for hydrogen production and utilization has led to enhanced turnover frequencies, the analogous incorporation of pendant bases into molecular catalysts for water oxidation has received little attention. Herein, the syntheses, structures, and catalytic activities of new iron complexes with pendant bases are reported. Of these new complexes, [Fe(L^1)]^(2+) {L^1 = N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(pyridazin-3-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine} is the most active catalyst. Initial turnover frequencies of 141 and 24 h^(–1) were measured by using ceric ammonium nitrate at pH 0.7 and sodium periodate at pH 4.7, respectively. These results suggest that the incorporation of pendant bases into molecular catalysts for water oxidation might be an effective strategy that can be considered in the development of new catalysts for the OER, but will require the careful balance of many factors.
Where is the Passion

y initial idea in suggesting a serious unanswered question in accounting thought was to stress our unwillingness to confront the endogeneity demon. In a sense, a larger sense than we seem willing to admit, earnings management has an endogenous component; he same holds for entity redefinition via mergers and acquisitions, for off-book transactions, for arnings warnings, for change in accounting method, for fill in your favorite , for regulatory andates, and for virtually any transaction. Where do we draw the line? It strikes me we are omewhere between timid and inept in dealing with endogeneity. On further reflection, however, I concluded a more important issue is paramount. How do we ekindle scholarly inquiry in accounting? How do we break down the self-protective trade barriers hat insulate each of our tribes? Absent a serious rekindling of scholarly passion, outreach, and rade, I see little point in identifying “big, unanswered questions.” Where is the passion?
A front tracking scheme for high density-ratio multi-fluid flows

Numerical simulations of high-density ratio, incompressible, multi-fluid flows are presented. The simulations are done using the front tracking scheme of Univerdi and Tryggvason (,” J. of Camp. Phys., Vol. 100, pp. 25). To facilitate simulations of density ratio flows, the governing equations are discretized using second-order accurate upwind differencing. Also, a modification to the time stepping scheme used in earlier work is introduced that also improve the capability of the scheme to handle high density-ratio flows. Results are presented for density ratios as high as 10,000 to one.
Separability and Independence of Dimensions within the Same–Different Judgment Task

Abstract Ashby, Townsend, and colleagues have developed an important model for the psychophysical identification task, the general recog- nition theory (also called, decision bound theory), based on multi- dimensional signal detection theory, that has been extended to categorization, Garner filtering, similarity judgments, and preference successfully. The virtue of this theory (and its extensions) is the ability to assess the nature of the perceptual representations of stimuli (e.g., their dimensional interactions), within a single framework and across paradigms. This paper adds to this ability by extending the theory, and related multidimensional perceptual models, to the problem of same–different judgments. Three tasks are described for the example of two-dimensional stimuli. In two of these tasks only one dimension is relevant ( component same–different ). In the third, both dimensions are deemed relevant ( standard same–different ). Several theorems concerning both response accuracy and response time have been proved relating the property of perceptual separability to certain response time invariances that can be observed in the component same–different tasks. This property, generally speaking, is the constancy of perception of one dimension when another irrelevant dimension changes in the stimulus. Also, under the assumption of within-trial perceptual indepen- dence, response probabilities, and response times of the two–component tasks can be meaningfully related to those same measures in the standard same–different paradigm, provided motor time variance is minimal.
Improved Optical Design for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)

This paper presents an improved optical design for the LSST, an f/1.25 three-mirror telescope covering 3.0 degrees full field angle, with 6.9 m effective aperture diameter. The telescope operates at five wavelength bands spanning 386.5 nm to 1040 nm (B, V, R, I and Z). For all bands, 80% of the polychromatic diffracted energy is collected within 0.20 arc-seconds diameter. The reflective telescope uses an 8.4 m f/1.06 concave primary, a 3.4 m convex secondary and a 5.2 m concave tertiary in a Paul geometry. The system length is 9.2 m. A refractive corrector near the detector uses three fused silica lenses, rather than the two lenses of previous designs. Earlier designs required that one element be a vacuum barrier, but now the detector sits in an inert gas at ambient pressure, with the last lens serving as the gas barrier. Small adjustments lead to optimal correction at each band. Each filter has a different axial thickness, and the primary and tertiary mirrors are repositioned for each wavelength band. Features that simplify manufacturing include a flat detector, a far less aspheric convex secondary (10 μm from best fit sphere) and reduced aspheric departures on the lenses and tertiary mirror. Five aspheric surfaces, on all three mirrors and on two lenses, are used. The primary is nearly parabolic. The telescope is fully baffled so that no specularly reflected light from any field angle, inside or outside of the full field angle of 3.0 degrees, can reach the detector.
Boundary layers on rotating cones, discs and axisymmetric surfaces with a concentrated heat source

A concentrated heat source is situated at the tip of an otherwise adiabatic rotating cone. Due to centrifugal forces, velocity and thermal boundary layers spread on the surface. After a similarity transform, the governing equations reduce to set of nonlinear, ordinary differential equations which are then integrated numerically. The related cases of rotating discs and other axisymmetric surfaces are considered.
Culture of mouse preimplantation embryos as a quality control assay for human in vitro fertilization.

Techniques for culturing preimplantation mouse embryos from the two-cell stage to blastocyst are described, and the importance of this system to quality control assay the media and supplements used in human in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures is discussed. Embryos from B6CBAF1 mice were cultured in a commonly used mouse culture medium, modified Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate (Krebs'), or in a commonly used human culture medium, Ham's F10 nutrient mixture supplemented with human fetal cord serum (FCS), and results were not significantly different. Using the mouse embryo culture system, tests on 174 preparations of FCS resulted in 24.1% producing less than 75% morula or blastocyst stages after 72 h in culture, compared to 9.5% of the Krebs' control cultures. Results of the mouse embryo culture system using 98 FCS subsequently used in human IVF were compared to results from the VIP Human In Vitro Program of Eastern Virginia Medical School of Norfolk, Virginia, from June 1982 through June 1983. The data suggest that prescreening of media and supplements using this mouse embryo culture system may indicate sources of factors potentially detrimental to the success of human IVF procedures.
Stagnation flows with slip: exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations

Exact similarity solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are found for stagnation flows towards a plate with slip. The solutions are applicable to the slip regime of rarefied gases.
Successful balloon valvuloplasty in an adult patient with severe pulmonic stenosis and aneurysmal poststenotic dilatation

We present a case of pulmonic stenosis with large aneurysmal poststenotic dilatation that was safely and effectively treated with balloon valvuloplasty. Though the poststenotic dilatation persists after the procedure, the risk of dissection and rupture is very low. Hence, balloon valvuloplasty should be considered the treatment of choice in this setting.
FISCAL POLICY AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH IN A BEQUEST-CONSTRAINED ECONOMY

Evidence suggests that the vast majority of planned altruistic transfers between generations are human capital investments in children (households are generally bequest-constrained). This paper demonstrates that empirically-based calibrations of simple overlapping generations models with altruism generate binding bequest constraints with realistic endogenous growth rates and returns to capital. We also show how intergenerational and intragenerational redistributions of wealth affect long-run growth in bequest-constrained economies. Redistribution is a feature of fiscal policy abstracted away from by the standard infinitelylived representative agent models used to analyze endogenous growth. THE INFINITELY-LIVED representative agent model (oo-model) has been the predominate tool used to examine long-run endogenous growth (Romer 1986; Lucas 1988; Rebelo 1991). The implicit justification for assuming an infinite planning horizon for the agent is that the current generation is linked to future generations by altruistic transfers (Barro 1974). This paper makes these transfers explicit by using an overlapping generations model with altruistic parents that invest in the human and financial wealth of their children (OLGA-model). In environments with and without uncertainty, we establish conditions under which the model (i) exhibits endogenous growth and (ii) behaves differently than the oo-model. In addition we examine how growth rates respond to fiscal policies that involve intergenerational and intragenerational redistributions of wealth, features ignored by the literature using the oo-model. The essential insight behind the difference between the OLGA-model and the ci&-model is given by Drazen (1978) and Becker (1981). Their model assumes overlapping generations, where each household is headed by altruistic parents that may affect their children's well being through transfers of both human capital and financial assets (referred to as 'bequests'). Legal restrictions constrain the bequests to be non-negative; parents cannot leave legally binding debt to their children. If it is optimal for the household to make human capital investments and leave non-negative bequests, then the model behaves as if the household is infinitely-lived. However, if the desired bequest is negative and the legal restriction binds, then parents only make transfers in the form of human capital investments. When households are bequest-constrained the model posseses many of the characteristics of the standard overlapping generations model without altruism. In particular, lump sum intergenerational transfers carried out by the government can have real effects (despite the presence of altruistic human capital transfers (Drazen 1978)).
Age Moderates the Mediational Role of Empathy in the Association Between Gender and Forgiveness

Researchers have suggested that empathy may serve to explain, at least in part, the relationship between gender and forgiveness. Some findings in the literature have supported this claim, while other studies have not. Accounting for the variable of age might help to explain these inconsistencies, as age has been found to influence the expression of empathy across gender. As such, in the present study we examined whether age might exert a conditional indirect effect on the relationship between gender and forgiveness as mediated by empathy. Participants were recruited from the community (N = 62) and on a college campus (N = 94). Within the community sample the average age was 74.8, while on the college campus the average age was 20.7. Participants were given a survey packet that included the Heartland Forgiveness Scale and the Empathy Quotient Scale, among other instruments. A moderated-mediational analysis showed that while gender was related to empathy and empathy was associated with forgiveness, empathy served as a significant mediator only for those younger than 62 years of age. This finding suggests that empathy serves as an important mediator in the relationship between gender and forgiveness for adults aged 61 and younger, because younger women are more likely to respond empathetically to a transgressor as compared to younger men. Older women also tend to be more forgiving than older men, but in the present study empathy was not as important of a factor in explaining this relationship for individuals 62 years and older. These findings help to address the inconsistencies in the literature with regard to the relationships among gender, age, empathy, and forgiveness.
On pattern selection in mixed convection in rectangular ducts

Mixed convection in a horizontal rectangular duct has the same critical Rayleigh number as natural convection in a rectangular cavity for the onset of convection. The linear stability analysis predicts either an odd or an even number of convective rolls to appear depending on the aspect ratio of the cross section. However, it has been shown both experimentally and numerically that an even number of convective rolls appears under supercritical conditions for fully developed mixed convection. The paper first presents an analytical solution for the buoyancy-induced mainstream velocity, w b , at the onset of buoyancy-induced motion in a forced convective flow. Then, a comparison in the initial growth rate of w b is made between the case of an odd and an even number of rolls; which shows the selection of an even number of rolls over an odd number in mixed convection except for low aspect ratio ducts.