cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
La expresión de deseo en español y en albanés: un estudio lingüístico comparativo de los modos subjuntivos y optativo

The Spanish subjunctive and the Albanian optative express desire with similar semantic features; however, they are expressed with different syntactical structures. This study analyzes the optative and subjunctive moods in Albanian, and explores whether Spanish can express the same ideas without the optative, using only the subjunctive. While Albanian uses the optative mood with sentences that express wish, hope, or longing, Spanish uses conjunctions like que (that), asi (in this way, as, because), lastima (it is a pity, unfortunately) and ojala (I/ we wish) with subordinate clauses. Ojala has a wider range of use in Spanish than in Albanian. On the other hand, Albanian offers some specific syntactical structures to express wish that never occur in Spanish. Both languages can also express wish with the subjunctive.
Biosynthesis of the Cephalotaxus Alkaloids

Conifers of the genus Cephalotaxus are members of a monogeneric family of plants (Cephalotaxaceae) that occurs in the Far East. These plants have been found to contain a group of alkaloids of unique structure. The most abundant member of this group is cephalotaxine (1) (Figure 1), which was first isolated1 in 1963. The structure of cephalotaxine was elucidated2 in 1969 by X-ray analysis of the methiodine. In C. harringtonia, cephalotaxine is accompanied by small quantities of related alkaloids3–5, the most important being harringtonine (2), deoxyharringtonine (3), isoharringtonine (4), and homoharringtonine (5) (Figure 1). Each of these four alkaloids possesses significant inhibitory activity against the experimental lymphoid leukemia systems P388 and L-1210 in mice6. In addition to the alkaloids based upon the “cephalotaxane” skeleton, a number of alkaloids containing the “homoerythrina” skeleton occur in C. harringtonia 7. One such compound is 3-epischelhammericine (6) (Figure 1). Schelhammericine itself was originally isolated8 from Schelhammera pedunculata (Liliaceae).
Abstract 118: Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow Measured With Arterial Spin Labeling MRI in the Unaffected Hemisphere Predicts Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI can non-invasively measure quantitative CBF. Evaluation of hemodynamics in the ipsilateral hemisphere is a common practice for selecting patients for therapy. In this study, we hypothesized that the contralateral CBF (cCBF) may identify patients with high collateral capacity and better outcome. Hypothesis: In acute stroke, higher CBF in the unaffected hemisphere is associated with better neurological outcome. Methods: Patients were part of the prospective ‘iCAS’ (imaging the Collaterals in Acute Stroke) study. Inclusion criteria were: ischemic hemispheric stroke ( =18, informed consent, and technically adequate imaging including GRE, DWI, and 3D pseudocontinuous ASL. Outcomes were assessed by NIHSS at baseline, day 1, and day 5; and mRS at day 30 and day 90. After image registration to an MNI template, mean cCBF was calculated at standard ASPECTS levels in the contralateral hemisphere. Patients were dichotomized by me...
Abstract WP324: Improving Stroke Care Delivery for In-Hospital Stroke Alerts by Addition of Overhead "Code Stroke" Announcements: Single Comprehensive Stroke Center’s Experience

Introduction: In-hospital strokes account for 2-17% of all stroke patients. Mobilization of resources for in-hospital strokes is challenging and it takes longer to complete the necessary evaluation...
Spigelian Hernia: Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background: Spigelian hernia (SH) is an uncommon ventral abdominal hernia. Traditionally repaired with an open technique, the laparoscopic approach is becoming more common and widely described in the literature. We hold that the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach restores the anatomy and prevents complications such as seroma. We present a series of SH repair carried out at a single district general hospital over the past 13 years and a review of the literature. Methods: A retrospective case note review identified SH repaired between January 2005 and March 2018 at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn, Norfolk, UK. A Medline search for ‘Spigelian hernia' and ‘laparoscopic' revealed 41 papers for review. Results: 33 patients underwent repair of SH. We found that the TAPP repair with a mesh is anatomically the most sound repair, with all the added benefits of keyhole surgery, i.e. reduced hospital stay, quicker recovery, and fewer infections. Our complication rates matched those described in the literature. Conclusions: Several operative techniques have been described to repair SH. We favour the laparoscopic TAPP approach which is safe, aids in confirming the correct diagnosis, and has all the benefits of keyhole surgery.
An Efficient Approach for Neural Network Architecture

Neural network is one of the main concepts used in machine learning applications. The hardware realization of neural network requires a large area to implement a network with many hidden layers. This paper presents a novel design of a neural network to reduce the hardware area. The proposed approach reduces the number of physical hidden layers from N to N/2 while maintaining full accuracy with a minimal increase in time complexity. The proposed approach adopts the concept of multiplexing input and output layers of the neural network. The approach is implemented based on Tensorflow framework and Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA. The simulation results show the accuracy of the proposed approach is the same as expected from traditional network, which uses N layers, while using only N/2 hardware layers. The hardware implementation results show the proposed approach saves 42% area.
Constrained incremental tree building: new absolute fast converging phylogeny estimation methods with improved scalability and accuracy.

Absolute fast converging (AFC) phylogeny estimation methods are ones that have been proven to recover the true tree with high probability given sequences whose lengths are polynomial in the number of number of leaves in the tree (once the shortest and longest branch weights are fixed). While there has been a large literature on AFC methods, the best in terms of empirical performance was $$DCM_{NJ},$$ published in SODA 2001. The main empirical advantage of $${DCM}_{NJ}$$ over other AFC methods is its use of neighbor joining (NJ) to construct trees on smaller taxon subsets, which are then combined into a tree on the full set of species using a supertree method; in contrast, the other AFC methods in essence depend on quartet trees that are computed independently of each other, which reduces accuracy compared to neighbor joining. However, $${DCM}_{NJ}$$ is unlikely to scale to large datasets due to its reliance on supertree methods, as no current supertree methods are able to scale to large datasets with high accuracy. In this study we present a new approach to large-scale phylogeny estimation that shares some of the features of $${DCM}_{NJ}$$ but bypasses the use of supertree methods. We prove that this new approach is AFC and uses polynomial time and space. Furthermore, we describe variations on this basic approach that can be used with leaf-disjoint constraint trees (computed using methods such as maximum likelihood) to produce other methods that are likely to provide even better accuracy. Thus, we present a new generalizable technique for large-scale tree estimation that is designed to improve scalability for phylogeny estimation methods to ultra-large datasets, and that can be used in a variety of settings (including tree estimation from unaligned sequences, and species tree estimation from gene trees).
Provider Involvement in Care During Initial Cancer Treatment and Patient Preferences for Provider Roles After Initial Treatment

PURPOSE:Patients report strong preferences regarding which provider—oncologist or primary care provider (PCP)—handles their primary care after initial cancer treatment (eg, other cancer screenings,...
Safety, Efficacy, and Clinical Impact of Penicillin Skin Testing in Immunocompromised Cancer Patients.

Background Use of penicillin skin testing (PST) to rule out penicillin (PCN) allergies is safe and effective in immunocompetent patients; however, data on immunocompromised patients are limited. Objective We aimed to determine safety, efficacy, and clinical impact of PST in immunocompromised patients with cancer. Methods A quality improvement process establishing a PST service was implemented at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Adult patients admitted to leukemia and genitourinary medical oncology (GUMO) services with history of possible type I reactions to PCN were eligible for testing. Results Between April and October 2017, 218 patients with reported PCN allergies were screened; 100 met inclusion criteria and underwent PST (67 leukemia, 33 GUMO). The most common reported allergy was to PCN (64%), with 61% reporting cutaneous reactions and 79% reporting reactions more than 20 years ago. PST with oral challenge results were overwhelmingly negative (95%); only 4% tested positive, and 1 test result was indeterminate (negative histamine control). After negative PST and oral challenge results, 51% patients were transitioned to PCN-based antibiotics during the same hospitalization. During the follow-up period (median 177 days), 65 of 95 patients were readmitted (185 total readmissions), and 51 patients required antibiotic therapy, with 37 receiving a PCN-based antibiotic (accounting for 336 days of therapy). No patient who received PCN-based antibiotics experienced an immediate-type allergic reaction. Conclusions Our findings support PST use in immunocompromised hosts. The widespread use of PST in patients with cancer will allow for optimal use of antimicrobial therapy and stewardship, which are vital in a population at increased risk for infections.
Cardiovascular disease risk factors are elevated among a cohort of young sexual and gender minorities in Chicago.

To date, little research has examined cardiovascular (CVD) risk among young sexual and gender minorities, a population which behavioral research has suggested may be at unique risk of poor CVD outcomes. We assessed behavioral risk factors and biomarkers of CVD risk among young sexual and gender minorities (YSGM) aged 16–29 in Chicago who are participants in the RADAR cohort (analytic N = 936). Multiplex cytokine and inflammatory biomarker assays were run on plasma from all HIV+ participants and demographically-matched HIV- participants (n = 237). Geographic data were used to assess mean C-reactive protein (CRP) level per community area of residence in Chicago. YSGM in this cohort exhibited lower rates of obesity (19.2% in RADAR vs. 35.7% in earlier studies of heterosexual youth) and comparable rates of past 30-day tobacco use (37.9 vs. 38.1%). Conversely, higher rates were observed among several other risk factors including C-reactive protein (mean = 6.9 mg/L vs. 2.1 mg/L), marijuana use (72.5 vs. 45.3%), perceived stress (mean = 15.5 vs. 14.2), and HIV (20.0 vs. < 1% nationally). Finally, we observed geographic heterogeneity in mean CRP values by community area across the Chicago region with the highest and lowest values both found in neighborhoods on the North side of the city. In sum, these analyses demonstrate that YSGM may be at increased risk of CVD beginning from an early age. Future research should assess whether sexual minority-related stressors increase long-term CVD risk and should also longitudinally study the role of multiple risk factors on CVD morbidity and mortality among YSGM.
Altered expression and activity of phase I and II biotransformation enzymes in human liver cells by perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)

Abstract Human exposure assessments for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been mostly limited to the quantification of these chemicals in different environmental matrices, but only a few studies have addressed toxicological aspects associated with them. It has been suggested that both PFOA and PFOS are highly stable chemicals that are not metabolized, yet previous reports have described abnormal activity of important biotransformation pathways. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of PFOA and PFOS on phase I and II biotransformation enzymes at the gene expression and activity levels, and by using the well-established human liver HepaRG cell line. Cells were exposed to a wide range of PFOA and PFOS concentrations for 24 or 48 h, prior to cytotoxicity measurements, and quantification of expression and activity of three cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4) and two conjugation enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase (GST-M1) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT-1A1)). Expression of all CYP enzymes was significantly reduced from exposure to both PFOA and PFOS after 48 h and from concentrations as low as 40−50 ng/L, with CYP3A4 also presenting the lowest activity. Among the conjugation enzymes, the expression of UGT was significantly reduced only by PFOA after 48 h of exposure, yet no significant alterations in its activity were observed. While the specific chemico-biological interactions of these compounds with gene expression and biotransformation pathways is not clear, the results from this study suggest that the interference of PFOA and PFOS with phase I and II biotransformation enzymes could potentially lead to adverse outcomes resulting from the inability of biotransformation pathways to function as needed.
Capacitive deionization and electrosorption for heavy metal removal

Capacitive deionization (CDI) technologies have gained intense attention for water purification and desalination in recent years. Inexpensive and widely available porous carbon materials have enabled the fast growth of electrosorption research, highlighting the promise of CDI as a potentially cost-effective technology to remove ions. Whereas the main focus of CDI has been on bulk desalination, there has been a recent shift towards electrosorption for selective ion separations. Heavy metals are pollutants that can have severe health impacts and are present in both industrial wastewater and groundwater leachates. Heavy metal ions, such as chromium, cadmium, or arsenic, are of great concern to traditional treatment technologies, due to their low concentration and the presence of competing species. The modification/functionalization of porous carbon and recent developments of faradaic and redox-active materials have offered a new avenue for selective ion-binding of heavy metal contaminants. Here, we review the progress in electrosorptive technologies for heavy metal separations. We provide an overview of the wide applicability of carbon-based electrodes for heavy metal removal. In parallel, we highlight the trend toward modification of carbon materials, new developments in faradaic interfaces, and the underlying physico-chemical mechanisms that promote selective heavy metal separations.
The impact of a mental health course elective on student pharmacist attitudes.

Abstract Background and purpose A mental health first aid elective course was developed at a four-year doctor of pharmacy program. The objectives of the course were to de-stigmatize the attitudes of enrolled student pharmacists and provide tools to triage and manage mental health crises. The purpose of this work is to investigate the impact of a newly developed mental health first aid elective course. Educational activity and setting Student pharmacists enrolled in a two-credit mental health first aid elective course and electronically completed the Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) pre-course, post-course, and months post-course to quantitatively measure changes in attitudes around stigma in various domains. Students also submitted a guided reflection post-course to collect self-perceived changes in attitudes. The reflection evaluated the changes in perceptions, confidence, and willingness to practice mental health first aid. Findings Forty-second and third-year student pharmacists participated and 31 were included in the pre-protocol analysis for pre- and post-course paired comparisons. Improvements in the OMS-HC domains of “disclosure and help-seeking” and “attitudes of health care providers” at post-course were observed. Self-reflections submitted post-course supported the quantitative analysis results of the OMS-HC scores. Improvements were noted in attitudes towards individuals with mental health disorders and in confidence and willingness to initiate conversations on mental health. Summary The implementation of a mental health first aid elective course positively influenced student pharmacists' attitudes on mental health and improved confidence and willingness to provide mental health related interventions.
Curative effects of Wendan decoction combined with azithromycin on phlegm-dampness obstructive pulmonary pneumonia in children

Objective To investigate the effect of Wendan decoction combined with azithromycin on children with phlegm-dampness obstructive pulmonary pneumonia. Methods Eighty-six children with phlegm-dampness obstructive pulmonary pneumonia treated in Henan Children’s Hospital from July 2016 to April 2018 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, with 43 cases in each group. Patients in control group were treated with azithromycin, and patients in observation group were treated with Wendan decoction combined with azithromycin. Moreover, the symptom score, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Results The scores of small and medium-sized vesicle sound, phlegm sound, cough, mental condition, appetite and tongue coating in observation group after treatment were lower than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the white blood cell count and CRP level in observation group were lower than those in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was lower, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Wendan decoction combined with azithromycin can effectively reduce inflammation in children with phlegm-dampness obstructive pulmonary pneumonia and improve clinical symptoms with high safety. Key words: Pediatric pneumonia; Phlegm-dampness pulmonary type; Wendan decoction; Azithromycin; Adverse reactions
Hide and Seek: A Markov-Based Defense Strategy Against Off-Sensing Attack in Cognitive Radio Networks

In a cognitive radio-based network (CRN), secondary users (SUs) opportunistically access underutilized spectrum resources and stop utilizing these resources when licensed or primary users (PUs) reappear. However, this way of opportunistic spectrum access is susceptible to novel vulnerabilities. Recently, a new attack, off-sensing (OS), has shed light on a vulnerability in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) policy of CRN, which affects the channel utilization of the victim SU by creating an illusion of a PU's presence. However, prior work on OS-attack considers a deterministic approach that is unrealistic and is futile to fortify against conventional defense techniques. In this paper, we propose a new random approach, the random-OS attack, which adapts to realistic scenarios and is difficult to detect using conventional techniques. Then, we model the interaction between the victim SU and attackers as a stochastic zero-sum Markov game and propose a novel safeguard approach based on the Markov decision process to defend the proposed attack, namely hide and seek . Finally, we introduce an OS-attack detection strategy, which utilizes the sensing history to detect the presence of attackers without violating any policy or design constraints and without any networking overhead. Mathematical analysis and extensive simulation results exhibit the superior performance of our proposed work and advent a direction in designing safeguard strategies without amending the current FCC policies.
The explanatory role of fatigue severity in the relation between COVID-19 perceived stress and depression, anxiety, and panic severity.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse effect on anxiety and depression symptoms and disorders in the United States and worldwide. As such, there is considerable interest in better understanding the relationship between COVID-19 and anxiety and depressive disorders. Although individual differences in perceived stress have shown to be related to anxiety and depression in non-COVID-19 work, research has not examined potential factors underlying this relation in the context of COVID-19. Fatigue severity may be a promising mechanistic construct for perceived stress and anxiety and depression relations, as some work has found that perceived stress may predict elevated fatigue symptoms. As such, the current study sought to examine the potential explanatory role of fatigue severity in the relation between COVID-19 specific perceived stress and depression, anxiety, and panic symptoms among 563 adults (41.9% female, Mage = 38.26 years, SD = 12.15). Results suggested that COVID-19 perceived stress, via fatigue severity, significantly predicted depression, anxiety, and panic symptoms. These results provide initial empirical support for the role of fatigue severity in the relation between COVID-19 perceived stress and depression, anxiety, and panic symptoms. Future work would benefit from using longitudinal data to evaluate the current model.
Invertebrate Film Festival: Science, creativity, and flexibility in a virtual teaching environment

We implemented a new video project in a marine invertebrate zoology undergraduate class The project required students to produce 3–5 min videos about a particular invertebrate or any aspect of invertebrate biology they were interested in The development of this assignment was prompted by the limitations for lab activities due to COVID-19 and three short-term campus closures in response to threats of inclement weather This assignment can be completed individually on a flexible schedule, without physical access to campus, and culminates in an Invertebrate Film Festival during the last lab period The project was assigned at the start of the term with only minimal instructions to promote creativity Students completed the project over the course of the 14-week semester, with several checkpoints, most notably a peer review of the movie script 2 weeks prior to the due date To support the video production, students were encouraged to attend workshops and schedule individual tutoring sessions offered by the Studio in the campus's Center for Academic Learning Support Surveys at the beginning and the end of the semester revealed that the perception of the video project was overall positive, although some students were apprehensive in the beginning Video topics, techniques, and software used by students varied widely, but overall the video quality exceeded our expectations Many students took pride in their videos and agreed to make them available as supplementary material for this article If we repeat this assignment in future semesters, we will streamline the peer review process and possibly offer short video tutorials for video-editing software © 2021 American Microscopical Society
When is Death Bad, When it is Bad?

On a view most secularists accept, the deceased individual goes out of existence. How, then, can death be a bad thing for, or harm, the deceased? I consider the doctrine of subsequentism, according to which the bad thing for the deceased, or the harm of death to the deceased, takes place after he or she has died. The main puzzle for this view is to explain how we can predicate a property at a time (such as having a misfortune or being harmed) to an individual who does not exist at that time. This is the Problem of Predication. I consider alternative attempts to solve this puzzle, including one suggested by Ben Bradley, and I argue that they do not succeed. I go on to provide a new way of addressing the Problem of Predication and thus defending subsequentism against this specific threat, contrasting my approach with others currently on offer.
Steady-State In-Pile Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Experimental Testbed Initial Demonstration at The Ohio State University Research Reactor

Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) demonstrated a reported technology readiness level of 5 during the work performed in the 1950s–1970s under the Rover program. This level of capability was achieved ...
Control of bovine leptospirosis

Paper presented in part at the meeting of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, February JO, 1971, Las Vegas, Nevada on Leptospirosis.
Cross-axis synchronous flow-through coil planet centrifuge (type XLL) : II. Speculation on the hydrodynamic mechanism in stationary phase retention

Abstract The hydrodynamic mechanism involved in the retention of stationary phase in the present x-axis coil planet centrifuge system is discussed. A statistical treatment of the retention data disclosed important clues such as the effect of the inward-outward elution mode, the close correlation between the planetary motion and the head—tail elution mode, and the superior retention capacity of the left-handed coils. The combined effects of the radial and lateral centrifugal force field derived from the mathematical analysis of acceleration acting on the coil provide an explanation for the phenomena.
Anti-immunoglobulin stimulation of murine lymphocytes. VI. Differential responses of complement receptor positive (CR+) and CR- B-cell subsets to anti-IgM antibodies.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that splenic B cells from aged mice (>7 months) proliferate in vitro when stimulated with intact rabbit anti-IgM or Fab′ 2 anti-IgM antibodies. The response to intact anti-IgM is macrophage dependent whereas the response to Fab′ 2 anti-IgM is macrophage independent. In the present studies, experiments were done to determine if the differential macrophage requirement is due to subsets of B cells responding to the different molecular forms of the anti-IgM antibodies. Spleen cells from aged mice were separated into populations enriched for complement receptor negative (CR − ) and CR + B cells by EAC rosetting and gradient centrifugation. The enriched populations were then tested for their proliferative response to intact and Fab′ 2 anti-IgM. Compared to unseparated spleen cells, CR − B cells show enhanced responses to intact anti-IgM and reduced responses to Fab′ 2 anti-IgM. In contrast, CR + B cells do not respond to intact anti-IgM molecules; but their response to Fab′ 2 anti-IgM is significantly enhanced compared to unseparated cells. Unresponsiveness appears to be mediated via interactions of Fc receptors on the CR + B cells with the Fc portion of the anti-IgM molecule. Addition of small amounts of intact anti-IgM completely inhibits the Fab′ 2 -induced proliferative response. Collectively, these results indicate that CR − and CR + B cells have different signaling requirements for activation and that the subsets differ with respect to their sensitivity to Fc receptor-mediated inhibition.
Dismembering the Cautionary Cliché: Re-Reading the Techno-Science Ethics in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

In a wide range of academic, public, and governmental policy discourses, Frankenstein continues to appear today with an uncanny persistence. Many of these appearances, however, have taken on identities not recognizably connected to Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel. Instead, the word “Frankenstein” has been transformed into a cultural signifier of theological and/or technological cautionary tales about limits to and transgressions of human techno-scientific endeavors. This essay presents methodical close readings of the 1818 and 1831 prefaces to the novel as well as key passages within the novel to argue that Shelley's writing does not support the cautionary uses to which her novel is put today. The essay further argues that only by re-animating the horror present in the dun white sockets of this monumental novel that the cautionary cliche has obfuscated can we work through the trauma that drives us obsessively to repeat this story while consistently avoiding the anxieties and imaginations that constitute our techno-scientific trauma.
An adaptive antenna array for multiple received signals in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access communication systems

Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) has been under increasing scrutiny as a means to provide a multi-user communications channel via code-division multiple-access (CDMA). One of the issues which can impact the performance of a DS-SS communication system is the near-far effect. The near-far effect occurs when a powerful incident signal (desired or undesired) overwhelms desired DS-SS signals. One of several possible ways to lessen this effect is to use an adaptive antenna array at the DS-SS receiver. Of particular interest is the special case of a single receiver which must detect multiple desired signals. This might occur in commercial NAVSTAR GPS receivers and in mobile cellular base station receivers. This paper examines the steady-state performance of adaptive antenna arrays which are based on a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) optimization criterion. The beamforming array is limited to a single feedback loop, and a single array output, which supports multiple received signals. It is shown that a single-loop MMSE array can level the output signal-to-noise ratios to nearly the same level and thus eliminate the near-far effect. >
Insight into Resolution Enhancement in Generalized Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy:

Generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) can be used to enhance spectral resolution in order to help differentiate highly overlapped spectral bands. Despite the numerous extensive 2D-COS investigations, the origin of the 2D spectral resolution enhancement mechanism(s) is not completely understood. In the work here, we studied the 2D-COS of simulated spectra in order to develop new insights into the dependence of 2D-COS spectral features on the overlapping band separations, their intensities and bandwidths, and their band intensity change rates. We found that the features in the 2D-COS maps that are derived from overlapping bands were determined by the spectral normalized half-intensities and the total intensity changes of the correlated bands. We identified the conditions required to resolve overlapping bands. In particular, 2D-COS peak resolution requires that the normalized half-intensities of a correlating band have amplitudes between the maxima and minima of the normalized half-intensities of the overlapping bands.
Multi-Dimensional Modeling of Lithium-Air Batteries

In this study, we develop a multi-dimensional model of lithium-air (Li-air) batteries to evaluate their performance. The model consists of a set of partial differential equations of species and charges conservation, in conjunction of the electrochemical reaction kinetics at the reaction interface, and takes into account two major mechanisms of voltage loss due to insoluble discharge products formation: namely, electrode passivation and increased oxygen transport resistance. The model is successfully implemented to numerical simulation of discharging operation of a two-dimensional Li-air battery. Highly non-uniform distributions of oxygen and insoluble products are revealed under high current density. The pore space in the electrode is not fully utilized, particularly under high discharging current operation. The fundamental model and numerical tool are important for developing high-performance Li-air batteries.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The non‐N‐representability of the Colle–Salvetti second‐order reduced density matrix

The Colle–Salvetti second-order reduced density matrix (2-matrix) is an approximation to the 2-matrix obtained from a wave function that is a product of a reference wave function containing little or no correlation times a product of correlation factors that are functions of the coordinates of pairs of electrons. A formal proof is given for the non-N-representability for the Colle–Salvetti 2-matrix using the nonnegativity condition of the 2-matrix. The nonnegativity condition of the particle-hole overlap matrix (G matrix) is also not satisfied. The proof is valid for Colle–Salvetti 2-matrices obtained from both the Hartree–Fock and small multiconfigurational-self-consistent-field wave functions. Even though the Colle–Salvetti 2-matrix is not N-representable, it does satisfy the Pauli principle component of the G-matrix condition because it reduces to an N-representable first-order reduced density matrix. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Feasibility Study on Grinding of Titanium Alloys with Electroplated CBN Wheels

An experimental investigation is reported on the grinding of a titanium alloy using electroplated CBN wheels with water-based grinding fluid and wheel surface cleaning fluid applied at high pressures. This work was motivated by applying grinding fluid and wheel surface cleaning fluid both at high pressures for avoiding wheel loading, which is commonly seen in titanium alloy grinding. The objective is to explore the feasibility to grind titanium alloys with electroplated CBN wheels and high pressure wheel surface cleaning fluid for enhancing material removal rates. Straight surface grinding experiments were conducted on titanium alloy blocks in both shallow depth of cut and creep-feed modes. Grinding power, forces, and surface roughness were measured. Specific material removal rates of 8 mm2/s in shallow cut mode and 3 mm2/s at a depth of cut as high as 3 mm in creep-feed mode were achieved without burning and smearing of ground surfaces. It was showed that it is feasible to grind titanium alloys with electroplated CBN wheels at enhanced removal rates by applying grinding and wheel cleaning fluid at high pressures.
Veering around the Uncanny Valley: Revealing the underlying structure of facial expressions

When designing both realistic and stylized virtual characters, it is critical to avoid the Uncanny Valley so that visual communication can be consistent, compelling and believable. The human ability to recognize and interpret facial expression as emotion is one of our most sophisticated and innate perceptual skills. This skill is so critical to our life as social creatures that there seem to be multiple neural paths for analyzing faces, a “fine mesh” system for analyzing realistic faces, and a “coarse mesh” system for interpreting human faces seen under difficult viewing conditions, or stylized faces. The fine mesh system relies primarily on analyzing tiny deflections from precise facial norms, while the coarse mesh seems to use pattern recognition rather than position mapping. Certain patterns seem to “trigger” recognition that a certain expression is present.
Interaction of Nitric Oxide with Photoexcited Rose Bengal: Evidence for One-Electron Reduction of Nitric Oxide to Nitroxyl Anion

The interaction of nitric oxide (.NO) with Rose Bengal (RB) in the presence of electron donors was investigated. Upon illumination of a mixture of RB and .NO with visible light, an enhancement in the rate of .NO consumption was observed that increased with increasing RB concentration. In the presence of electron donors (NADH, glutathione, or ascorbate), the rates of .NO depletion increased further. NADH enhanced .NO depletion to a greater extent than either glutathione or ascorbate. Photoactivated RB under anaerobic conditions reacts with NADH to form the RB anion radical (RB.-), which has a characteristic visible absorption band centered at 418 nm. Rose Bengal anion radical disporportionates to give RB and a colorless reduced form of RB, RBH-. The net result of this process is the photobleaching of RB. The presence of .NO during irradiation of RB and NADH introduced a lag time into the kinetics of RB photobleaching. The length of this lag time was proportional to the concentration of .NO. A similar lag time, which was also dependent on the .NO concentration, was observed in the kinetics of formation of RB.-. The three-line electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of RB.-, with an intensity ratio 1:2:1, was obtained during irradiation of RB and NADH under anaerobic conditions. .NO introduced a concentration-dependent lag time into the kinetics of the appearance of this ESR signal. We propose that .NO oxidizes RB.- to regenerate RB and thus inhibit photobleaching until .NO is consumed. This reaction predicts the formation of NO-, the one-electron reduced form of .NO. Nitrous oxide, a characteristic dimerization product of NO-, was detected by gas chromatography. This evidence indicates the occurrence of a Type I mechanism between photoactivated RB and .NO.
Faithful compact quantum group actions on connected compact metrizable spaces

Abstract We construct faithful actions of quantum permutation groups on connected compact metrizable spaces. This disproves a conjecture of Goswami.
Utilizing Logistic Regression for Explaining Lottery Adoption in the Volunteer State

Abstract Objective. The intent of this research is to explain the adoption of lottery policies among counties in Tennessee. Methodology. Various socio-demographic variables are measured through the use of logistic regression analysis for determining lottery adoption among all the counties in Tennessee. Results. The results of the logistic regression model suggest that the most significant variables contributing to the adoption of the state lottery in Tennessee are party affiliation of voters and the region of the state in which voters reside. Limitations. Since the findings of this manuscript are concerned only with the state of Tennessee, one should proceed with caution when trying to generalize these results to other states that have recently adopted a state lottery. Conclusion. The contributions of this research suggest that political and regional indicators are the best predictors in understanding lottery adoption among counties in Tennessee. These findings are consistent with results that have attemp...
A probabilistic version of the Kochen-Specker no-hidden-variable proof

L'A. demontre une version plus forte du theoreme de Kochen-Specker sur l'extension de la mecanique quantique. Relation avec un resultat recent de A. Fine.
Role of airway endogenous nitric oxide on lung function during and after exercise in mild asthma.

We hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO), a known mild bronchodilator that can be released by several cell types within pulmonary airways, might protect airways during exercise in asthmatic subjects....
Surgical Correction of Congenital Pseudoarthrosis of the Tibia: Use of the Williams Intramedullary Rod and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2

Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia is a rare condition that is difficult to treat successfully. A variety of surgical techniques have been described to treat this condition, all with inconsistent results. We describe our surgical technique for this condition, consisting of complete pseudoarthrosis resection, intramedullary fixation using a Williams rod, iliac crest bone grafting, and addition of bone morphogenetic protein. This technique improves the mechanical alignment of the tibia, provides prolonged intramedullary protection of the bone, and delivers a biological stimulus for healing in this pathologic condition. We have had excellent success using this technique.
Retinoic acid stimulation of the human surfactant protein B promoter is thyroid transcription factor 1 site-dependent.

Surfactant B (SP-B) is a 79-amino acid peptide critical to postnatal respiratory adaptation. Expression of SP-B by respiratory epithelial cells is regulated by developmental and hormonal influences at the level of gene transcription. Previous studies supported the role of retinoic acids (RA) and their receptors (RARs) inSP-B gene transcription. In the present study, RARα was detected in mouse alveolar type II epithelial cells where SP-B is synthesized and processed. Deletion and site-specific mutagenesis analysis identified clustered retinoic acid-responsive element sites in the 5′-flanking enhancer region of the hSP-B gene that bound RARα proteins. RAR coactivators ACTR, SRC-1, and transcriptional intermediary factor 2 (TIF2) stimulated human (h) SP-B promoter activity in a dose-dependent fashion in pulmonary adenocarcinoma H441 cells. In addition, an RAR-associated protein, CREB-binding protein (CBP), potentiated the effects of RAR on hSP-B promoter activity in H441 cells. Importantly, RA stimulation of the hSP-B promoter depends on tissue-specific thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1) DNA-binding sites. TTF-1 protein synergistically stimulated the hSP-B promoter with RARα, CBP, and nuclear receptor coactivators in H441 cells. In addition, TTF-1 interacted directly with RARα and TIF2 in the mammalian two-hybrid system. These findings support a model in which RAR/retinoid X receptor, TTF-1, coactivators, and CBP form a transcription activation complex in the upstream enhancer region of thehSP-B gene.
The iconoclastic dynamics of the 1,2,6-heptatriene rearrangement

CASSCF(8,8)/6-31G* and AM1-SRP direct dynamics trajectory calculations have been run on the rearrangement of 1,2,6-heptatriene to 3-methylene-1,5-hexadiene. They show that the experimental results of Roth et al. on this reaction can be explained without the need to invoke a concerted, pericyclic mechanism. Instead, bifurcation occurs at the transition state for conversion of the reactant to 2-methylenecyclohexane-1,4-diyl. Some trajectories leaving the transition state do enter the PES local minimum for the intermediate, but others, differing only in the phases of the real-frequency vibrational modes, bypass the intermediate and proceed over a second transition state to the product. A significant fraction of the trajectories that do enter the biradical local minimum proceed on to the product in <500 fs, despite the fact that the minimum is some 12 kcal/mol deep at the CASSCF level. This nonstatistical behavior seems to be due in part to a resonance between key C−H bending and C−C stretching vibrations in ...
Twisted Hubbard model for Sr2IrO4: magnetism and possible high temperature superconductivity.

${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{4}$ has been suggested as a Mott insulator from a single ${J}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1/2$ band, similar to the cuprates. However, this picture is complicated by the measured large magnetic anisotropy and ferromagnetism. Based on a careful mapping to the ${J}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1/2$ (pseudospin-$1/2$) space, we propose that the low energy electronic structure of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{4}$ can indeed be described by a SU(2) invariant pseudospin-$1/2$ Hubbard model very similar to that of the cuprates, but with a twisted coupling to an external magnetic field (a $g$ tensor with a staggered antisymmetric component). This perspective naturally explains the magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{4}$. We also derive several simple facts based on this mapping and the known results about the Hubbard model and the cuprates, which may be tested in future experiments on ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{4}$. In particular, we propose that (electron-)doping ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{4}$ can potentially realize high-temperature superconductivity.
Cerebellar Loops: A Review of the Nucleocortical Pathway

Feedback pathways are a common circuit motif in vertebrate brains. Reciprocal interconnectivity is seen between the cerebral cortex and thalamus as well as between basal ganglia structures, for example. Here, we review the literature on the nucleocortical pathway, a feedback pathway from the cerebellar nuclei to the cerebellar cortex, which has been studied anatomically but has remained somewhat obscure. This review covers the work examining this pathway on a number of levels, ranging from its existence in numerous species, its organization within cerebellar circuits, its cellular composition, and a discussion of its potential roles in motor control. Recent interest in cerebellar modular organization raises the profile of this neglected cerebellar pathway, and it is hoped that this review will consolidate knowledge gained over several decades of research into a useful format, spurring new investigations into this evolutionarily conserved pathway.
A limit theorem on the core: addendum II

Abstract A correction is made in an earlier proof by the first author that convexity can be dropped in proving that an allocation in the core of an exchange economy after an indefinite number of replications is an competitive equilibrium. It is also proved that the assumption of free disposal is unnecessary for that theorem when the endowments are positive.
Stimulation of DNA synthesis in lungs of hamsters tolerant to nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is both edematogenic and cytotoxic to the lung. Preexposure to NO2 protects against mortality from formation of excessive pulmonary edema (tolerance) and, depending on the preexposure schedule, may or may not protect against the cytotoxic effects of NO2 in the lung. Measurement of DNA synthesis in hamster lung was used to study the question of whether the more subtle cytological injury induced by NO2 is mediated by a system that also exhibits tolerance. It was found that when hamsters are preexposed daily to 10 ppm NO2, they develop tolerance for normally lethal concentrations of NO2, are protected against cytological injury from 10 ppm NO2, but are not protected from the cytotoxic effects of NO2 at concentrations greater than 10 ppm. Animals exposed weekly to 10 ppm NO2 are not protected from further cytological injury induced by weekly exposures to 10 ppm NO2, but do develop tolerance for lethal concentrations of NO2. Thus, the data indicate that induction of tolerance to NO2 does not necessarily protect the cell populations of the lung from the cytotoxic effects of NO2.
REALISTIC INDEPENDENT-PARTICLE MODEL OF THE NUCLEUS

A phenomenological central potential is explored which is characterized by a universal depth (${V}_{0}$), a universal surface extension ($d$), and an inner radius function $a={a}_{1}{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}+{a}_{0}$. The four parameters are adjusted to be in accord with experimental information obtained from low-energy neutron scattering and from neutron separation energies. The results ${V}_{0}=40$ Mev, $d=1$, ${a}_{1}=1.32$, and ${a}_{0}=\ensuremath{-}0.8$ (all in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm), are in reasonable accord with what might be expected from other experimental and theoretical considerations. Since the experimental data used in the adjustment process bound the energy region in which the discreteness of nuclear energies is most evident, one might expect that the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions based upon this phenomenological model would furnish a highly realistic set for the theoretical study of low-energy nuclear transitions within the framework of the independent-particle model of the nucleus.The energy eigenvalues and the important parameters for the energy eigenfunctions are calculated by a procedure suitable for the restricted type of potential under consideration. A simple method is presented for handling small perturbations, particularly the Coulomb perturbation. In the latter case, it is shown that the derived proton eigenvalues agree with experimental proton separation energies, provided one introduces an anomalous attractive potential which cancels approximately one-half of the classical Coulomb potential acting upon an individual proton. The implications of these results are discussed.