cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Treatment Decision Tree and Literature Review of Retrograde Peri-Implantitis

Background: Although retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI) is not a common sequela of dental implant surgery, its prevalence has been reported in the literature to be 0.26%. Incidence of RPI is reported to increase to 7.8% when teeth adjacent to the implant site have a previous history of root canal therapy, and it is correlated with distance between implant and adjacent tooth and/or with time from endodontic treatment of adjacent tooth to implant placement. Minimum 2 mm space between implant and adjacent tooth is needed to decrease incidence of apical RPI, with minimum 4 weeks between completion of endodontic treatment and actual implant placement. The purpose of this study is to compile all available treatment modalities and to provide a decision tree as a general guide for clinicians to aid in diagnosis and treatment of RPI.Methods: Literature search was performed for articles published in English on the topic of RPI. Articles selected were case reports with study populations ranging from 1 to 32 patients....
Pharmacokinetics of Dextromethorphan and its Metabolites in Horses Following a Single Oral Administration

Dextromethorphan is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) non-competitive antagonist commonly used in human medicine as an antitussive. Dextromethorphan is metabolized in humans by cytochrome P450 2D6 into dextrorphan, which is reported to be more potent than the parent compound. The goal of this study is to describe the metabolism of and determine the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan and its major metabolites following oral administration to horses. A total of 23 horses received a single oral dose of 2 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected at time 0 and at various times up to 96 h post drug administration. Urine samples were collected from 12 horses up to 120 h post administration. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the resulting data analyzed using non-compartmental analysis. The Cmax, Tmax, and the t1/2 of dextromethorphan were 519.4 ng/mL, 0.55 h, and 12.4 h respectively. The area under the curve of dextromethorphan, free dextrorphan, and conjugated dextrorphan were 563.8, 2.19, and 6,691 h*ng/mL respectively. In addition to free and glucuronidated dextrorphan, several additional glucuronide metabolites were identified in plasma, including hydroxyl-desmethyl dextrorphan, desmethyl dextrorphan, and three forms of hydroxylated dextrorphan. Dextromethorphan was found to be eliminated from the urine predominately as the O-demethylated metabolite, dextrorphan. Several additional metabolites including several novel hydroxy-dextrorphan metabolites were also detected in the urine in both free and glucuronidated forms. No significant undesirable behavioural effects were noted throughout the duration of the study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disturbance compensation and step optimization for push recovery

To operate in human environments, robots must be able to withstand external disturbances. Small disturbances can be stabilized through momentum regulation, but larger ones require steps to prevent falling. This work presents two new techniques for disturbance rejection. The first is an extension of divergent component of motion (DCM) and capture point tracking controllers that augments a PI feedback control law with a disturbance observer. This is used to estimate transient disturbances through momentum-rate-of-change error. For larger disturbances, we present a novel optimization-based framework based on the DCM dynamics that uses a quadratic program to compute the desired ground reaction forces and recovery step location. Using optimization gives a flexibility that enables planning angular-momentum-rate-of-change trajectories to help reduce recovery step length. We then illustrate the effectiveness of these methods with hardware and simulation experiments of the THOR humanoid.
Beyond Curvature: Prevalence and Characteristics of Penile Volume-Loss Deformities in Men With Peyronie's Disease.

Abstract Introduction Non-curvature penile deformities associated with loss of erect penile volume are often overlooked and have not been thoroughly investigated. Aim To describe the prevalence and functional impact of penile volume-loss deformities in our cohort of men with Peyronie’s disease (PD). Methods We retrospectively examined medical records of patients with PD consecutively evaluated by a specialized urologist from December 2012 to June 2016. We excluded patients with prior surgical correction of PD, prior penile prosthesis, and inadequate erection during office examination. All patients underwent deformity assessment of the erect penis after intracavernosal injection. The assessment included measurement of penile curvature; evaluation for hourglass deformities, indentations, and distal tapering; and application of axial force to assess for penile buckling. Prior to the deformity assessment, each patient completed the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire and was asked if he experienced psychological distress and functional impairment related to his penile deformity. Main Outcome Measure The primary clinical parameters that we evaluated were presence or absence of axial instability, functional impairment, psychological distress, penile pain, erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, sexual dissatisfaction, decreased sexual activity, and decreased sexual desire. Results 128 patients met criteria for inclusion. 83 patients (65%) had volume-loss deformities. Unilateral indentations, hourglass deformities, and distal tapering were present in 50 (39%), 30 (23%), and 16 (13%) patients, respectively. Penile curvature Conclusion Volume-loss penile deformities are highly prevalent in men with PD. These deformities are associated with penile axial instability and psychological distress, which may contribute to decreased frequency of sexual activity. Margolin EJ, Pagano MJ, Aisen CM, et al. Beyond curvature: prevalence and characteristics of penile volume-loss deformities in men with Peyronie's disease. Sex Med 2018;6:309–315.
Humanity, Nature, and Respect for Law

The subject here is what Merleau-Ponty’s views of nature, both human and external, and our cultural relationships with it, can tell us about the ideals of respect for law and fidelity to it. Historically, these ideals have often been supported by the fact that law included more than the mere fiat of a given sovereign, and the power relationships entailed by that will, by somehow having a foundation in “the nature of things.” That is, law sought to better human life in part by seeking the most appropriate social organization of, and manipulation of, external nature and also what appeared to best suit “natural human needs and capacities.”
Emigration Propagation in the Nineteenth Century: The Letters of Elise Tvede Waerenskjold

During her lifetime, Elise Tvede Waerenskjold achieved fame as a “father” of Norwegian emigration for her editing of the pro-emigration journal Norway and America and her publishing, both in Norway and the U.S., of many letters encouraging her compatriots to make the long voyage from Norway to settle in Texas. Waerenskjold’s letters represent a body of persuasive documents that I refer to as emigration propagation. Emigration propagation, generally, and Waerenskjold’s letters, in particular, reveals the persuasive strategies that entreated many millions to cross the Atlantic and begin new lives in a new place so far from home.
Too conservative to hedge: How much does a corn ethanol facility lose?

Abstract While the process of producing ethanol from corn has been well established for over a decade, the process profitability still eludes the industry investors. In particular, uncertainties exist in both the feedstock and the product spot prices. To manage the sophisticated price uncertainty, current practice in industry is to negotiate long-term fixed rate prices with both the suppliers of the feedstock and the purchasers of the product. Although this practice completely eliminates the price uncertainty and simplifies production decisions, it entails the potential loss of profit. Stochastic programming methods provide a framework which takes into account the uncertainties and determines the decisions that are optimal under this uncertain future. Therefore, in this study, a stochastic optimization model is presented to determine the weekly production level and swap hedging portfolios over a year's planning horizon with the objective of maximizing the process profit. The approach is also used in a back-testing perspective to compare the profit obtained from applying the optimal decisions with the negotiated profit derived from using the current practice. This comparison in turn validates the effectiveness of the proposed model framework, in particular during times of high price uncertainty.
Age-dependent Decline in Adaptive Homeostasis and Nrf2 Mediated Proteasome Induction in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress

The proteasome plays a large role in maintaining protein homeostasis, the loss of which is a hallmark of aging. Adaptive homeostasis, which is the transient modulation of the homeostatic range in response to non-damaging levels of a stressor such as free radicals generated from oxidative stress, is likewise diminished by aging. This adaptive response, which has been clearly defined in many model organisms and cell lines, has rarely been examined in primary cells, and never in Human Bronchial Epithelial cells (HBEs). These cells are continually exposed to higher oxygen levels (relative to many other cell types) and offer an interesting perspective on the impact of chronic exposure to higher levels of oxygen on the adaptive response. Results indicate HBEs from a young donor exhibit a strong adaptive response associated with the presence of the proteasome regulator, Nrf2. Preliminary results also show a trend of diminishing adaptive response and Nrf2 levels from several older donors. These results point to an interesting avenue for future HBE studies investigating age and/or sex-related changes in adaptive responses in primary cells from males and females of different ages, with and without various diseases.
Structural Evolution of Q-Carbon and Nanodiamonds

This article provides insights pertaining to the first-order phase transformation involved in the growth of densely packed Q-carbon and nanodiamonds by nanosecond laser melting and quenching of diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films. DLC films with different sp3 content were melted rapidly in a controlled way in super-undercooled state and quenched, leading to formation of distinct nanostructures, i.e., nanodiamonds, Q-carbon, and Q-carbon nanocomposites. This analysis provides direct evidence of the dependence of the super-undercooling on the structural evolution of Q-carbon. Finite element heat flow calculations showed that the super-undercooling varies monotonically with the sp3 content. The phenomenon of solid–liquid interfacial instability during directional solidification from the melt state is studied in detail. The resulting lateral segregation leads to formation of cellular filamentary Q-carbon nanostructures. The dependence of the cell size and wavelength at the onset of instability on the sp3 content of DLC thin films was modeled based on perturbation theory.
Ambulation and functional outcome after major lower extremity amputation

Abstract Objective Major lower extremity amputations (MLEAs) remain a significant source of disability. It is unknown whether postamputation functional outcomes and outcome predictability have changed with a population of increasingly aging and obese patients. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate contemporary trends. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients undergoing MLEA using Current Procedural Terminology codes in a university hospital. Demographics, comorbidities, perioperative variables, and outcomes were obtained. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and χ2 and multivariate logistic regression modeling were used where appropriate. Survival analyses were performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results From October 2005 to November 2016, 206 patients (147 male; mean age, 63 ± 13.5 years) underwent 256 MLEAs (90.9% below-knee amputations, 1.3% through-knee amputations, and 7.8% above-knee amputations [AKAs]) related to acute and critical limb ischemia, infection, or other causes. Mean follow-up was 178.7 ± 266.9 days. Conversion from below-knee amputation to AKA was 3.5%. Estimated 1-year survival was 83%, and it was 15% lower in nonambulatory patients (75% vs 90%; P = .04). Overall 1-year postamputation ambulatory rate was 46.1%. Nonambulatory patients had a higher body mass index (30.9 ± 8.0 vs 25.6 ± 5.4; P Conclusions Patients should be counseled that
Algorithmically outsourcing the detection of statistical errors and other problems.

Software to check texts for spelling errors is commonplace, but catching errors of a more technical nature, such as incorrect P ‐value calculations, is still a manual endeavor. Nonetheless, text‐mining technology to catch a growing number of error types within scientific manuscripts has been developed by studies interested in broad, literature‐wide surveys. The same algorithms that are now used to retrospectively identify potential errors in published papers can also be used pre‐emptively to identify errors before publication. So far, these algorithms have focused on finding errors of commission, such as incorrect calculations, but could also find errors of omission, such as leaving out details needed to reproduce the results. This could offer many advantages for those aspects of peer review that are amenable to double‐checking by an algorithm: consistency, uniformity, speed, cost efficiency, and reducing the growing burden on peer reviewers.
Experimentally investigating the joint effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on depression and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective To experimentally examine whether increasing sedentary behavior, among a young adult active population, for one week is still associated with increased depression and anxiety symptomology even when allowing for a moderate engagement in physical activity (PA). Methods Participants were confirmed as active via self-report and accelerometry during baseline and randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups. The No Exercise Group (n = 19) was instructed to reduce steps to less than 5000/day and were not allowed to exercise for one-week; the Reduced MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous PA) Group (n = 18) was instructed to reduce steps to less than 5000/day but exercised for 50% of their previously reported vigorous PA for one-week; and the Control Group (n = 20) maintained normal activity for one-week. PA, depression, and anxiety levels were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and after one week of resumed normal activity for the intervention groups. Results The experiment was successful in altering physical activity levels among the intervention groups and maintaining activity habits in the control group (FInteraction = 16.053, P Conclusion We provide experimental evidence that reducing habitual physical activity causes an increase in depression symptomology among young active adults. We did not, however, observe a joint effect of sedentary behavior and exercise on changes in anxiety and depression. At this point, it is still uncertain as to whether reduced MVPA or increased sedentary behavior were driving the observed changes in psychological function. Future research may help determine if these negative effects are from increased sedentary behavior or a reduction in MVPA.
Transient Self-Heating at Nanowire Junctions in Silver Nanowire Network Conductors

Nanostructured transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) may be suitable replacements for transparent conductive oxides due to their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Because nanowire (NW) nanowire or tube–tube junctions are the transport bottlenecks in network-based conductors, understanding the properties of these junctions and their connectivity within the network is crucial to understanding and controlling electrical conduction through these networks. Quantifying local self-heating within the network can provide information on the coupled electrothermal response, local conduction pathways, and potential reliability. In this study, self-heating thermal transients within a silver NW network are characterized using high-resolution transient thermoreflectance imaging that provides high temporal (∼200 ns) and spatial (∼200 nm) resolution. The self-heating induced by an applied voltage pulse results in distinct temperature changes at microscopic hotspots formed at individual NW–NW junctions. For both heating and cooling cycles, thermal time constants less than $\text{1 }\mu {\text{s}}$ are observed at various hotspots. For a representative hotspot, line scans along two crossing NWs, taken at different time instants ranging from 0 to 2 μ s, show the temporal and spatial evolution of the temperature profile. We estimate the van der Waals force (∼−4.0244 N), contact width (∼5 nm), and interface thermal resistance (∼1.6 × 105 K/W) between NWs and the underlying substrate. A heat transfer model that considers local power generated at a hotspot, local coupling between the NWs and substrate, heat conduction along the NWs and heat transfer into the substrate, is developed and used to interpret the experimental data. The heat transfer model and experimental temperature profile help to quantify the local power generated at the hotspot and the fraction of this power propagating along each wire. The ability to resolve the local self-heating with such temporal and spatial resolution uniquely enables understanding of electrothermal response and current pathways in the distributed conductors.
Approximate exchange-only entangling gates for the three-spin-1/2 decoherence-free subsystem.

The three-spin-$1/2$ decoherence-free subsystem defines a logical qubit protected from collective noise and supports exchange-only universal gates. Such logical qubits are well suited for implementation with electrically defined quantum dots. Exact exchange-only entangling logical gates exist but are challenging to construct and understand. We use a decoupling strategy to obtain straightforward approximate entangling gates. A benefit of the strategy is that, if the physical spins are aligned, then it can implement evolution under entangling Hamiltonians. Hamiltonians expressible as linear combinations of logical Pauli products not involving ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{y}$ can be implemented directly. Self-inverse gates that are constructible from these Hamiltonians, such as the controlled-not (cnot) gate, can be implemented without the assumption on the physical spins. We compare the control complexity of implementing cnot to previous methods and find that the complexity for fault-tolerant fidelities is competitive.
Understanding password security through password cracking

This paper describes a cybersecurity hands-on project of password cracking. Through recovering Unix passwords like a hacker, students reinforce their understanding on the concepts and mechanisms of password security. This project reveals the difference between strong and weak passwords. Based on free and open-source software, the workload of the project is adjustable to meet diverse needs. The major step of the project, password recovery, can be done on various platforms.
Semi-automation Delta-L for PCB Loss Electrical Characterization

In high-frequency electrical characterization, it is very important to have good measurement stability and repeatability. Conventionally, co-axial connector is used for the high quality and robust measurement. Handheld probes with the accepted quality were validated and widely adopted to reduce the measurement resource. However, the measurement quality by different users are much different in the round robin study and these difference may cause by the probe design, contact quality, measurement setup, engineer operation and etc. How to reduce the measurement variation affected by engineer operation in high-volume measurement is critical, especially for over 20GHz high-frequency application. Therefore, semi-automation Delta-L solution was proposed and developed for PCB loss characterization to improve the measurement stability and reduce the variation caused by engineer operation.
Application of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) for monitoring bank erosion along river corridors

Excessive streambank erosion is a significant source of fine sediments and associated nutrients in many river systems as well as poses risk to infrastructure. Geomorphic change detection using high...
Ewald-based methods for Gaussian integral evaluation: application to a new parameterization of GEM*

The development of accurate potentials for computational simulations has been an active area of research. Our group has been involved in the development of the Gaussian electrostatic model (GEM), a force field based on molecular densities. The philosophy of GEM is based on the pioneering work of N. Gresh and co-workers of the reproduction of individual inter-molecular interaction components obtained from quantum mechanical (QM) energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The molecular densities used in GEM are represented by fitting accurate QM molecular densities using auxiliary basis sets (comprised of Hermite Gaussians). The use of these molecular densities results in the need to evaluate a large number of Gaussian integrals. We have previously shown that the particle-mesh Ewald (PME), and fast Fourier Poisson (FFP) methods can be used for efficiently evaluating these types of integrals. Here, we present the latest parameterization of GEM* and its application for an extensive study of PME and FFP for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a hybrid version of our potential, GEM*. The temperature dependence of various bulk properties is presented and discussed, as well as the effect of various parameters affecting the performance/accuracy of both methods.
Comparing 30-day outcomes between early versus delayed repair of anorectal malformations with perineal or rectovestibular fistulas: An analysis of the ACS NSQIP-Pediatric database

Abstract Background Anorectal malformations (ARMs) have a wide spectrum of presentation ranging from mild defects with perineal fistulas to more severe defects requiring complex management. A primary repair of ARMs with perineal or rectovestibular fistulas has been shown to have good outcomes. However, the timing of the reconstruction is still debated. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety of early versus delayed repair. Methods This study was performed using data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) from 2012 to 2017. Patients who underwent repair of anorectal malformation with perineal or vestibular fistula were included in the study. Patients with associated diagnosis for Hirschsprung disease, cloaca, rectal prolapse or stenosis, bladder exstrophy, and tracheoesophageal fistula were excluded. 30-day postoperative outcomes included wound and nonwound complications, readmissions, and reoperations. Outcomes were compared by early (≤ 7 days of age) versus delayed repair (6 weeks to 8 months). Results A total of 291 patients were included, with 66 in the early and 231 in the delayed group. Patients in the early group were more likely to be male (68.2% vs 31.8%; p Conclusion Our study shows that early repair of low anorectal malformations with a perineal or vestibular fistula appears to be associated with no increase in risk of postoperative complications as compared to delayed repair. At present, the decision remains dependent on the surgeon's experience and judgment. Level of evidence Level III. Retrospective comparative study.
Physical reality in planetary geomorphological inference and the pathway to a critical planetary geology

Abstract I engage the philosophy of geology, and the philosophy of planetary geomorphology in particular, offering a perspective from the standpoint of a Mars geographer who is acquainted with both experimental and social research. I discuss the nature of geological reasoning and probe its somewhat paradoxical commitment to both a physical realism and to interpretative narrative construction, engaging particularly with how the interplay of these two factors are addressed in the works of the philosopher-geologist Victor Baker. I also draw attention to specific characteristics of knowledge construction in Martian geomorphology which systemically limit the attachment of our inferences to a physical reality. For instance I highlight a geospatial-geochemical dimorphism in the semantic content of available planetary data and several non-scientific controls on the knowledge construction process, including mission safety constraints and sociopolitical factors. Lastly, I find that physical geography has grown apart from planetary geomorphology in the decades since planetary geomorphology assumed its largely geological modern form. An academic siloing effect has followed suit. An immediate implication is that this contours the typical pathways of knowledge construction in our discipline, and I try to call attention to a few examples of this effect. As an effort to bridge this gap, I highlight the recent developments of the physical geographical subdisciplines of GIScience and critical physical geography. These disciplines offer opportunities for insight which might be fruitful for planetary geomorphologists, but their lines of inquiry have largely passed beneath our community’s radar. Specifically, in offering examples of what discourse in a critical planetary geology might look like, I hope to encourage the informal philosophical discussions already circulating in our community to pass into a formal space of debate.
Regulation of Thrombomodulin by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: Comparison of Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Mechanisms

The procoagulant properties of cultured vascular endothelial cells are enhanced in response to inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF). A major component of this response is a reduction in expression of thrombomodulin, a cell surface cofactor for the activation of protein C. Regulation of thrombomodulin expression by TNF has been reported to occur through multiple mechanisms. To determine the relative roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, the effect of TNF on the turnover of thrombomodulin protein and mRNA was examined in human and bovine endothelial cells. Quantitative nuclease SI protection assays showed a 70% to 90% reduction in thrombomodulin mRNA within 4 hours of the addition of 1.0 nmol/L TNF to the culture medium. The decrease in thrombomodulin mRNA resulted from inhibition of transcription, followed by rapid degradation of thrombomodulin transcripts (t1/2 ≤ 3 hours). In pulse-chase incubations, thrombomodulin synthesis decreased parallel with mRNA, but the rate of degradation of radiolabeled thrombomodulin was not significantly altered by TNF. Human thrombomodulin was degraded with a t1/2 of 8.2 ± 2.4 hours (SD) or 7.5 ±1.3 hours (SD) in the absence or presence of TNF, respectively. We conclude that TNF acts primarily to inhibit thrombomodulin transcription. The subsequent decrease in activity results from the inherent instability of thrombomodulin mRNA and protein in these cells, and not from the regulation of thrombomodulin degradation.
Efficacy and causal mechanism of an online social media intervention to increase physical activity: Results of a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To identify what features of social media – promotional messaging or peer networks – can increase physical activity. Method: A 13-week social media-based exercise program was conducted at a large Northeastern university in Philadelphia, PA. In a randomized controlled trial, 217 graduate students from the University were randomized to three conditions: a control condition with a basic online program for enrolling in weekly exercise classes led by instructors of the University for 13 weeks, a media condition that supplemented the basic program with weekly online promotional media messages that encourage physical activity, and a social condition that replaced the media content with an online network of four to six anonymous peers composed of other participants of the program, in which each participant was able to see their peers' progress in enrolling in classes. The primary outcome was the number of enrollments in exercise classes, and the secondary outcomes were self-reported physical activities. Data were collected in 2014. Results: Participants enrolled in 5.5 classes on average. Compared with enrollment in the control condition (mean = 4.5), promotional messages moderately increased enrollment (mean = 5.7, p = 0.08), while anonymous social networks significantly increased enrollment (mean = 6.3, p = 0.02). By the end of the program, participants in the social condition reported exercising moderately for an additional 1.6 days each week compared with the baseline, which was significantly more than an additional 0.8 days in the control condition. Conclusion: Social influence from anonymous online peers was more successful than promotional messages for improving physical activity. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02267369.
Sensor fusion for target track maintenance with multiple UAVs based on Bayesian filtering method and Hospitability Map

In this paper, the track maintenance problem for tracking ground targets with Uninhabited Air Vehicles (UAVs) is studied. Different from traditional target tracking problems, each UAV here can only provide the information inside its own footprint, which is relatively small compared with the whole area of interest. Therefore, when the resources of UAVs are limited, the target information from the UAVs is both spatially and temporally incomplete. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a generic multi-sensor fusion algorithm for target track maintenance with multiple UAVs. Track maintenance is achieved based on the Bayesian filtering method incorporated with the Hospitability Map, which is used to represent the terrain-dependent maneuvering behavior of ground targets. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the capability of our approach in maintaining the tracks of targets even with intermittent and regional detection reports from UAVs.
Congenital anomalies of the mitral valve

Abstract Two unusual abnormalities of the mitral valve and its appendages have been described. The mitral valve “triplication” was an incidental finding at necropsy in a 72-year-old man while the other case, a severe dysplasia of the chordae tendineae, permitted the individual to survice until the age of 26 years. Because of the infrequent occurrence of congenital anomalies of the mitral valve, the clinical and pathological aspects of these two cases have been presented in some detail.
Abstract 4122: Anti-cancer activity of rosemary extract in colon cancer cells: Involvement of Nrf2 and ERK pathways

Background: The Mediterranean herb rosemary has been used for culinary purposes and for their medicinal properties for millennia. Rosemary and its polyphenolic diterpenes (carnosol and carnosic acid) are known to possess anti-oxidant activity that may be beneficial for cancer control. Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. Nutrition, particularly intake of vegetables and certain plant components, has been reported to have a major role in colon cancer risk reduction. In our current study, we investigated the anticancer effects of rosemary extract and its two main active ingredients carnosol and carnosic acid on colon cancer cell lines to understand the mechanism. Next, we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of rosemary extract in a nude mice model. Methods: Two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and SW480, were treated with rosemary extract, carnosol or carnosic acid. MTT, TUNEL and ELISA were used to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect proteins involved in apoptosis. We also evaluated the anti-cancer activity of rosemary extract in nude mouse inoculated with HCT116 cells. Results: Rosemary extract, carnosol and carnosic acid, increased apoptosis, decreased viability in colon cancer cell lines. Rosemary extract, carnosol and carnosic acid significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and ERK. Rosemary extract also effectively suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model without affecting body weight. Conclusions: Rosemary extract inhibits colon cancer cell growth in a xenograft mouse model without observable toxicity. Furthermore, rosemary extract, carnosol and carnosic acid induce the expression of Nrf2 and ERK pathways in colon cancer cells, suggesting further research is needed to evaluate its potential as an anti-cancer and/or chemoprevention agent. Citation Format: Miao Yan, Gongbo Li, Sakina M. Patiwala, Emily Householter, Jeremy J. Johnson. Anti-cancer activity of rosemary extract in colon cancer cells: Involvement of Nrf2 and ERK pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4122. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4122
Legal Lines in Shifting Sand: Immigration Law and Human Rights in the Wake of September 11

In March of 2004, a group of legal scholars gathered at Boston College Law School to examine the doctrinal implications of the events of September 11, 2001. They reconsidered the lines drawn between citizens and noncitizens, war and peace, the civil and criminal systems, as well as the U.S. territorial line. Participants responded to the proposition that certain entrenched historical matrices no longer adequately answer the complex questions raised in the "war on terror." They examined the importance of government disclosure and the public's right to know; the deportation system's habeas corpus practices; racial profiling; the convergence of immigration and criminal law since the attacks; judicial review of military detentions at Guantanamo Bay and elsewhere; and noncitizens' rights in the United States and the European Union. From their insights have emerged an outline for future research and the seeds of a pragmatic legal approach to these increasingly complex questions, all grounded in a deep respect for human rights.
Penile leiomyosarcoma: sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

P leiomyosarcoma is a relatively rare neoplasm, of which only 27 cases have been reported in the world literature, most before the time that imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) began to be used for characterization and staging. 1 Therefore, very limited information regarding the imaging features of these neoplasms is available. We present the ultrasonographic and MRI findings that helped characterize a penile mass as a neoplasm and also suggested the type of neoplasm. By showing additional unsuspected lesions, ultrasonography and MRI changed the surgical course from partial to total penectomy.
Homeopaths and the Dawning of Anesthesiology

Starting with Northrop, generations of homeopath anesthesiologists played a key role in the growth of the specialty. They had a hand in new drug discoveries and applications, for example, cyclopropane, curare, lidocaine, and devices to promote the safer administration of anesthetics. Among the more important figures are Thomas Skinner, August Bier, Everett Tyler, Thomas Buchanan, Walter Boothby, Henry Ruth, Harold Griffith, Rolland Whitacre, William Neff, BB Sankey, and Kenneth Keown.
Impact of Recovery from Desensitization on Acid-sensing Ion Channel-1a (ASIC1a) Current and Response to High Frequency Stimulation

ASIC1a is a neuronal sodium channel activated by external H+ ions. To date, all the characterization of ASIC1a has been conducted applying long H+ stimuli lasting several seconds. Such experimental protocols weaken and even silence ASIC1a currents to repetitive stimulation. In this work, we examined ASIC1a currents by methods that use rapid application and removal of H+. We found that brief H+ stimuli,
Tang and Finkelstein reply

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Phasing rectangular apertures.

Several techniques have been developed to phase apertures in the context of astronomical telescopes with segmented mirrors. Phasing multiple apertures, however, is important in a wide range of optical applications. The application of primary interest in this paper is the phasing of multiple short pulse laser beams for fast ignition fusion experiments. In this paper analytic expressions are derived for parameters such as the far-field distribution, a line-integrated form of the far-field distribution that could be fit to measured data, enclosed energy or energy-in-a-bucket and center-of-mass that can then be used to phase two rectangular apertures. Experimental data is taken with a MEMS device to simulate the two apertures and comparisons are made between the analytic parameters and those derived from the measurements. Two methods, fitting the measured far-field distribution to the theoretical distribution and measuring the ensquared energy in the far-field, produced overall phase variance between the 100 measurements of less than 0.005 rad2 or an RMS displacement of less than 12 nm.
Role model in human physical activity

Physical activity is an area of life in which social influence plays a major role. Observing the activity of a sedentary person may cause the observer to exercise less; observing a persistently active person can serve as a motivating factor. The goal of this research is to determine how to optimally pair individuals in order to facilitate motivational relationships with respect to physical activity. This research performs an observational study of data collected from a mobile health and fitness application, iBurnCalorie, which allows users to follow each other in addition to tracking physical activity. Through this social feature, this study examines the influence of users on each other's activity patterns. Our preliminary results indicate that some users have chosen effective role models without any intervention. If this natural effect can be replicated, such a novel interventional networking feature could have a significant impact within iBurnCalorie and all similar applications.
The form factors in (HI, HI') direct reactions

Abstract Using a semiclassical theory, we analyze the inelastic transition form factor. We find that: (i) In the strong absorption limit, the Austern-Blair theory is a good approximation to the inelastic form factor — even in highly mismatched reactions, (ii) In weak to moderate absorption, the amplitude of the inelastic form factor oscillates due to overlapping potential resonances. Here the internal part of the form factor can be expressed in a simple form, which may easily be used to analyze heavy-ion inelastic scattering, (iii) In the presence of an isolated resonance, the inelastic form factor is enhanced greatly at the resonance due to multiple reflections inside the potential well.
A prediction of high-speed rotor noise

A combined computational (CFD) and integral approach solves the acoustic pressure fields of two high-speed helicopter rotors. A CFD code supplies boundary data to a non-linear type of Kirchhoff integral formulation to find the far-field pressures. Direct calculations of pressures are given by the CFD code up to the sonic cylinder where the Kirchhoff method takes over. This paper shows predictions and measurements of High-Speed Impulsive (HSI) noise in hover for two different rotor geometries. One rotor has a conventional rectangular planform, while the other rotor is highly swept and tapered. The swept rotor analysis forms the majority of this paper. Test data from both rotors are shown and compared with predictions for a range of tip Mach numbers from .85 to .95 (including delocalization). The correlation with the near-field pressures from the straight bladed experiment is excellent and good to excellent correlation is seen for the far-field pressures from both experiments.
Electronic spectra of 2-acetylanthracene

Abstract The electronic spectrum of 2-acetylanthracene in a supersonic free jet reveals the existence of two rotational isomers with ≈ 196 cm −1 difference between their S 1 origins. In low-temperature rigid glasses, 2-acetylanthracene forms stable dimers. The probable structure of this dimer is also briefly discussed.
The two-armed-bandit problem with time-invariant finite memory

This paper solves the classical two-armed-bandit problem under the finite-memory constraint described below. Given are probability densities p_0 and p_1 , and two experiments A and B . It is not known which density is associated with which experiment. Thus the experimental outcome Y of experiment A is as likely to be distributed according to p_0 as it is to be distributed according to p_1 . It is desired to sequentially choose an experiment to be performed on the basis of past observations according to the algorithm T_n = f(T_{n-1}, e_n, Y_n), e_n = e(T_{n-1}) , where T_n \in \{1, 2, \cdots, m\} is the state of memory at time n, e_n \in \{A, B\} is the choice of experiment, and Y_n , is the random variable observation. The goal is to maximize the asymptotic proportion r of uses of the experiment associated with density p_0 . Let l(y) = p_0 (y) / p_1 (y) , and let \bar{l} and \bar{\bar{l}} denote the almost everywhere greatest lower bound and least upper bound on l(y) . Let 1 = \max {\bar{\bar{l}}, 1/\bar{l}} . Then the optimal value of r , over all m -state algorithms (f, e) , will be shown to be l^{m-1} / (l^{m-1} + 1) . An e -optimal family of m -state algorithms will be demonstrated. In general, optimal algorithms do not exist, and e -optimal algorithms require artificial randomization.
Trollope’s Phineas Finn and History

When Phineas Finn finished its long run in St. Paul’s Magazine and appeared in book form in 1869, Trollope was attacked by the Daily Telegraph (31 March 1869) for “ungentlemanly conduct” in drawing portraits of living politicians such as Disraeli, Gladstone, Derby, Russell, and Bright. It was widely assumed at least that the demagogue Turnbull was an unflattering likeness of Bright. In Trollope’s reply to the newspaper he declared that it is neither “gentlemanlike” nor “right” to paint, malignantly, public men as they may appear in private, and that he had not done so in Phineas Finn. On the question of Turnbull and Bright he said this: In the character of Mr. Turnbull … I depicted Mr. Bright neither in his private nor public character; and I cannot imagine how any likeness justifying such a charge against me can be found. The character that I have drawn has no resemblance to [him] … in person, in manners, in character, in mode of life, or even in the mode of expressing political opinion. It was my object to depict a turbulent demagogue; — but it was also my object so to draw the character that no likeness should be found in our political circles for the character so drawn. I have been unlucky … but I protest that the ill-luck has not been the result of fault on my part. I intended neither portrait nor caricature, and most assuredly I have produced neither.1
Ovarian hilar cell tumor with coexistent polycystic ovary syndrome and myometrial hypertrophy

Abstract Ovarian hilar cell tumor with coexistent polycystic ovaries and diffuse myometrial hypertrophy have been found in a 34-year-old virilized woman with a markedly elevated plasma level of testosterone. Following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, the plasma level of testosterone returned to normal. Light microscopic examination of the tumor showed polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. A few cells contained intracytoplasmic crystals of Reinke. Electron microscopy revealed abundant endoplasmic reticulum forming vesicles and whorls and numerous pleomorphic mitochondria with peripherally located tubular cristae: ultrastructural features of cells engaged in synthesis of hormones. Immunoperoxidase studies of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue demonstrated the presence of testosterone within ovarian tumor, ovarian stroma, and granulosa cells lining the follicular cysts.
Hydrogen Bonding of Methanol in Supercritical CO2 Studied by 13C Nuclear Spin−Lattice Relaxation

A sapphire high-pressure NMR cell, capable of independently controlling sample pressure, temperature, and concentration, is used to measure 13C spin−lattice relaxation times for dilute methanol in dense carbon dioxide at pressures from 80 to 220 atm and temperatures from 287 to 334 K. These ranges of temperature and pressure provide relaxation data for methanol in both the liquid and supercritical fluid phases of CO2. The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE), used for separating the contributions of the dipolar and spin-rotation mechanisms, has also been measured. Spin-rotation relaxation theory, together with proposed hydrogen-bonding models, is used to interpret the experimental data. The partial molar enthalpy changes for hydrogen bond formation agree well with those reported by Smith et al. using FTIR (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8327−8334) and commonly accepted hydrogen bond energies. A large negative change in the partial molar volume arising from hydrogen bond formation in methanol is observed near the...
Shape control and spectroscopy of crystalline BaZrO3 perovskite particles

Rational control over the shape of perovskite metal oxides has been achieved for single-crystalline BaZrO3 particles through a convenient, simplistic, large-scale molten salt synthetic methodology. The evolution of particle morphology from predominantly cubes to a mixture of cubes and spheres and finally to solely spheres has been demonstrated by increasing annealing/reaction times at suitable annealing temperatures, all other parameters being equal. Rationally controlling the shape of perovskite oxides is of great importance due to their strongly structure-dependent physical properties. As-prepared, rare-earth ion-doped submicron-scale samples possess a noticeably higher photoluminescence (PL) efficiency as compared with bulk, and in particular, spheres evince a better PL signal as compared with cubes.
Biochemical Evidence for Nitric Oxide Formation from Streptozotocin in Isolated Pancreatic Islets

Streptozotocin (STZ) is selectively toxic to insulin-secreting beta-cells of pancreatic islets and induces impairment of islet glucose oxidation and of glucose-induced insulin secretion. Similar effects are induced by Interleukin-1 (IL-1), and the deleterious effects of IL-1 on islets appear to be mediated by nitric oxide (NO). STZ contains a nitroso moiety and may liberate NO by processes analogous to those for the NO-releasing drug nitroprusside. NO is rapidly transformed to nitrite in aqueous solution, and NO activates heme-containing enzymes such as guanylyl cyclase and inhibits iron-sulfur enzymes such as mitochondrial aconitase. Data presented here indicate that incubation of rat islets with STZ at concentrations that impair insulin secretion results in generation of nitrite, stimulation of islet guanylyl cyclase and accumulation of cGMP, and inhibition of islet mitochondrial aconitase activity to a degree similar to that achieved by IL-1. Effects of STZ on beta-cells may be mediated by local liberation of NO from STZ within islets.