cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Analysis of Body Mass and Composition in Survivors of Pediatric Hematological Malignancies After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract Abstract 1991 Background: Body mass and composition have been well studied in survivors of childhood cancers, but little is known about these factors in those who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: We prospectively and longitudinally evaluated changes in body mass index (BMI), changes in the proportion of fat and lean body mass, and associated clinical factors in 179 survivors of pediatric hematologic malignancies after allo-HSCT. BMI was analyzed as an ordinal variable (four percentile categories: underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese) and as a continuous variable (Z-score); dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data were used to derive Z-scores for percent total body fat and lean mass/height2 ratio. Results: With a median follow-up of 6.6 years (range, 1.0–17.7 years), BMI decreased significantly over time (mean Z-score, 0.32 pre-HSCT and −0.60 at 10 years post-HSCT) (Figure; p Conclusions: The finding of a significant decline of BMI and severe loss of lean mass after HSCT indicates a critical need for nutritional education and early intervention for these survivors. Download : Download high-res image (27KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Longitudinal changes in BMI after HSCT in all patients (Total), and in patients who were underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or obese categories before HSCT. The narrow lines connect the observed mean Z-scores, while the corresponding broader lines represent the statistically smoothed curve. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Perceived Health Reporting Knowledge and News Gathering Practices of Health Journalists and Editors at Community Newspapers.

This research adds to our understanding of health and science reporting by identifying and examining the numbers, types, and simultaneous uses of resources selected by health and science journalists and editors at the initial stages of reporting, and relates this to journalists’ perceived health reporting knowledge. A telephone survey of 141 health and science journalists and editors selected from 259 community newspapers in Missouri was conducted. Information sources included those that were highly credible, easy to access, already vetted by peers, and that enabled habitual reporting. Though the majority used multiple sources to generate story ideas, about one-third of respondents used no information sources. Journalists and editors’ perceived health reporting knowledge acted as a trigger in prompting more reliance on a wider diversity of information sources, greater use of empirical evidence in health stories, and more time spent researching/writing health stories. Implications for community news organi...
Overview of Drug Polypharmacology and Multitargeted Molecular Design

The “one drug, one target, and one disease” model is partially contributing to the increased failures of clinical trials due to its lacking consideration of side effects or toxicities in the early stage of drug discovery and development. To tackle this issue, an alternative approach is being adopted to study simultaneous interactions of small molecules with multiple specific targets, also known as polypharmacology. It allows exploration of drug multitargeting activities and facilitates potential repositioning. Although exhaustive polypharmacology studies in vitro or in vivo is not practical, computational methods are being developed and have significantly driven the field forward. In this article, we discuss the status of drug polypharmacology and review the current state-of-the-art in silico methods that are used for rational design of multitargeted therapeutics to treat complex diseases such as cancer.
Teacher Educators Struggling to Make Complex Practice Explicit: Distancing Teaching through Video.

AbstractThis self-study examines our use of video with a cohort of preservice teachers as a means to address the challenges we face as teacher educators who are working with candidates in extensive clinical practice. We came to video as a nuanced way to discuss and make meaning of complex practice and as a means of bridging theory and practice. We found that our use of video supported preservice teachers and their mentors in decomposing, representing, and approximating practice. We also found that, as suggested by the literature, the use of video distanced preservice teachers from their experiences in practice. Finally, we discuss the implications for using video to support the work of rich clinical teacher education.
Isolation in Christian Psychotherapeutic Practice

Accumulating evidence suggests that the isolation inherent in psychotherapeutic practice negatively impacts the interpersonal functioning of the therapist. The Christian psychotherapist may experie...
Modelling convection in solidification processes using stabilized finite element techniques

Solidification of dendritic alloys is modelled using stabilized finite element techniques to study convection and macrosegregation driven by buoyancy and shrinkage. The adopted governing macroscopic conservation equations of momentum, energy and species transport are derived from their microscopic counterparts using the volume-averaging method. A single domain model is considered with a fixed numerical grid and without boundary conditions applied explicitly on the freezing front. The mushy zone is modelled here as a porous medium with either an isotropic or an anisotropic permeability. The stabilized finite-element scheme, previously developed by authors for modelling flows with phase change, is extended here to include effects of shrinkage, density changes and anisotropic permeability during solidification. The fluid flow scheme developed includes streamline-upwind/Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG), pressure stabilizing/Petrov–Galerkin, Darcy stabilizing/Petrov–Galerkin and other stabilizing terms arising from changes in density in the mushy zone. For the energy and species equations a classical SUPG-based finite element method is employed with minor modifications. The developed algorithms are first tested for a reference problem involving solidification of lead–tin alloy where the mushy zone is characterized by an isotropic permeability. Convergence studies are performed to validate the simulation results. Solidification of the same alloy in the absence of shrinkage is studied to observe differences in macrosegregation. Vertical solidification of a lead–tin alloy, where the mushy zone is characterized by an anisotropic permeability, is then simulated. The main aim here is to study convection and demonstrate formation of freckles and channels due to macrosegregation. The ability of stabilized finite element methods to model a wide variety of solidification problems with varying underlying phenomena in two and three dimensions is demonstrated through these examples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terahertz CMOS Devices, Circuits and Systems

This chapter reviews the state of the art in CMOS devices, circuits and systems operating at 100GHz and above. Section 6.1 is devoted to the CMOS devices. CMOS geometric scaling is going to reach a point where other technologies such as the III-V, the nano-engineered Graphene, and even the photonics will merge. It is therefore important to understand the possible future paths for the CMOS technology. This topic is presented in Sect. 6.1 by means of introducing two parallel research efforts on the mobility-enhanced FETs and the nano-engineered FETs. We will then present some of the recently-published, ultra-high speed CMOS integrated circuits in Sect. 6.2. Most of the integrated circuits presented in Sect. 6.2 are stand-alone building blocks that are designed to experiment the high-frequency limits of the advanced CMOS nodes. There are also a few circuits which are designed with a specific final application in mind. Finally, in Sect. 6.3 we will review two examples of system-level efforts. Such system-level innovations open new design paradigms that can be exploited by the circuit designers.
Adipose Tissue Expansion for Improving Glycemic Control

Obesity is linked with metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, which improve upon weight loss. However, achieving and sustaining meaningful weight loss is hard for a majority of the free-living population. Perhaps, strategies that do not require weight loss may offer a more practicable approach. In fact, improvement in glycemic control may also be achieved by adipose tissue expansion under specific circumstances. Several animal models show a significant enhancement of glycemic control, if adipose tissue is expanded transgenically or by stimulating adipogenesis. In humans, considerable evidence, including the action of thiazolidinedione class of drugs, indicates that adipose tissue expandability is associated with an improved metabolic profile. Admittedly, iatrogenic weight gain to improve diabetes may be socially and cosmetically undesirable and inappropriate for some other obesity-associated comorbidities. Therefore, it is less practical to promote adipogenesis as a measure to improve glycemic control. Nonetheless, this approach has provided templates and targets for future research. Indications are that further research may creatively uncouple the adipogenic and antiglycemic effects to improve obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities independent of weight loss.
Early Detection of Sepsis in the Emergency Department using Dynamic Bayesian Networks

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory state due to an infection, and is associated with very high mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic and supportive therapy is associated with improved outcomes. Our objective was to detect the presence of sepsis soon after the patient visits the emergency department. We used Dynamic Bayesian Networks, a temporal probabilistic technique to model a system whose state changes over time. We built, trained and tested the model using data of 3,100 patients admitted to the emergency department, and measured the accuracy of detecting sepsis using data collected within the first 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after admission. The area under the curve was 0.911, 0.915, 0.937 and 0.944 respectively. We describe the data, data preparation techniques, model, results, various statistical measures and the limitations of our experiments. We also briefly discuss techniques to improve accuracy, and the generalizability of our methods to other diseases.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Abstract Tumor lysis syndrome can occur in any patient with newly diagnosed or relapsed cancer, so all patients should undergo risk stratification. Laboratory tumor lysis syndrome is the presence of two or more of the following abnormalities present on the same day: hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia because of hyperphosphatemia. Clinical tumor lysis syndrome is laboratory tumor lysis syndrome plus acute kidney injury, symptomatic hyperkalemia, or symptomatic hypocalcemia. It should be prevented whenever possible. Risk factors for clinical tumor lysis syndrome include a large cancer cell mass, high cell lysis potential (chemosensitivity), unmodifiable patient factors (preexisting nephropathy, gout), modifiable presenting features (dehydration, acidosis, hypotension, recent nephrotoxin exposure), and supportive care (risk-stratified management that includes hydration, reduction of uric acid, and reduction of phosphorus and potassium). Appropriate risk-adapted supportive care prevents acute kidney injury, renal failure, and death, even for patients at high a priori risk. Management depends on the risk for clinical tumor lysis syndrome: • Low risk—hyperhydration, avoid potassium and phosphorus, daily laboratory evaluation • Intermediate risk—hyperhydration, avoid potassium and phosphorus, rasburicase, laboratory evaluation every 8 to 12 hours • High risk or tumor lysis syndrome already present—hyperhydration, avoid potassium and phosphorus, rasburicase, cardiac monitoring on an inpatient basis, laboratory evaluation every 4 to 8 hours, and rapid access to hemodialysis
Religious Pilgrimage, Pilgrimage Spirituality and Everyday Life

This chapter looks at both the historical and contemporary dimensions of “going on a pilgrimage” vs. “pilgrimage spirituality.” On the one hand, pilgrimage is a long-standing practice in virtually all religions. Historically, however, pilgrimages have also in each of those religions been relatively highly structured practices – and in some still are, at least for some people. Pilgrimages were rule-bound and were undertaken within a context of institutionalized structures of travel. Pilgrims not only went someplace to feel or see something, but they did so in a prescribed way that was verified by authorities within the religious system. Contemporary pilgrimage spirituality, on the other hand, is more individuated and seeks authenticity in the experience of the individual pilgrim – hence a potential conflict arises as people get to the “same” place, but find that not every way of “getting there” or “being there” is equally recognized by authority. This sets up a potential conflict between completing an authorized (situationally objective) pilgrimage and an authentic (situationally subjective) pilgrimage, though it does not necessarily have to be so.
Spectral Signatures of Proton-Transfer Dynamics at the Cusp of Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bonding.

Despite their importance in diverse chemical and biochemical processes, low-barrier hydrogen bonds remain elusive targets to classify and interpret spectroscopically. Here the correlated nature of hydrogen bonding and proton transfer in the low-barrier regime has been probed for the ground and excited electronic states of 6-hydroxy-2-formylfulvene by acquiring jet-cooled fluorescence spectra of the parent and monodeuterated isotopologs. While excited-state profiles reveal regular vibronic patterns devoid of obvious dynamical signatures, their ground-state counterparts display a radically altered energy landscape characterized by spectral bifurcations comparable in magnitude to typical vibrational spacings (>100 cm–1). Quantitative analyses yield unusual deuterium kinetic isotope effects that straddle limiting values attributed to above-barrier vibration and below-barrier tunneling of the proton adjoining donor/acceptor sites. Our findings provide compelling experimental evidence for ultrafast hydron-migra...
Dynamics of the Proline-Rich C-Terminus of Huntingtin Exon-1 Fibrils.

Intrinsically disordered protein domains not only are found in soluble proteins but also can be part of large protein complexes or protein aggregates. For example, several amyloid fibrils have intrinsically disordered domains framing a rigid β-sheet-rich core. These disordered domains can often be observed using solution NMR methods in combination with modest magic angle spinning and without perdeuteration. But how can these regions be detected using solution NMR methods when they are part of a fibril that is not tumbling isotropically in solution? Here we addressed this question by investigating the dynamic C-terminus of huntingtin exon-1 (HTTex1) fibrils that are important in Huntington's disease. We assigned the most dynamic regions of the C-terminus of three HTTex1 variants. On the basis of this assignment, we measured site-specific secondary chemical shifts, peak intensities, and R1, R'2, and R1ρ15N relaxation rates. In addition, we determined the residual 1H-15N dipolar couplings of this region. Our results show that the dipolar couplings are averaged to a very high degree, resulting in an order parameter that is essentially zero. Together, our data show that the C-terminus of HTTex1 is intrinsically disordered and undergoes motions in the high picosecond to low nanosecond range.
Systematically Dealing Practical Issues Associated to Healthcare Data Analytics

Healthcare data includes information about patients’ life style, medical history, claims data, metabolomics and genomics profiles. Adequate and analytic access to healthcare data has potential to revolutionize the field of medicine by detecting diseases at earlier stages and modelling complex biological interactions by integrating and analyzing knowledge in a holistic manner. To improve the quality and transition of healthcare at reduced cost, innovative platforms are necessary to analyze heterogeneous clinical data of huge volume, velocity, variety and veracity. Healthcare data analytic process implementation is not straightforward and to effectively implement it, various big data challenges have to be overcome, which requires significant efforts from the experts in various disciplines. In response to these challenges and promoting significant medical transformation in public health, we showcase a new HIPAA compliant and high performance computing based large scaled big data system: Management, Analysis and Visualization of Clinical Data (MAV-clic), developed at UConn Health. MAV-clic successfully implements healthcare data analytic process and major analytic functionalities dealing with healthcare data consisting of three different modules: Cohort building, Data analysis, and Customized Measurement analysis. MAV-clic contains medical history of over 800,000 patients, and information about over all providers, medications and diagnosis codes. To fulfill the growing interests in implementing the health information system, MAV-clic fulfills the requirements of data owners as well as data users in the healthcare system. To give better understanding of the MAV-clic, we highlight background, and discuss its system designs, methods, development details and analysis capabilities in this manuscript.
Cyborg Pedagogy: Performing Resistance in the Digital Age

The authors of this article argue that cyborg myth serves as a critical metaphor by which to expose, examine, and critique the social, political, and aesthetic impact of information technology on t...
Waging Liberation and Peace

The companionship with hope and despair to which West refers is likely experienced by liberation-peace wagers around the world. Ambitiously, they seek an end to racialized violence and other structures that exploit, dehumanize, and tear down people. They out-wrestle despair with hope as they build communities that outlive individuals, knowing that they may not see substantive change from their work in their lifetime.
Modeling of Venus Atmospheric RF Attenuation for Communication Link Purposes

This paper describes a method for modeling microwave propagation and signal attenuation along an electromagnetic ray linking a spacecraft with a descent probe within the atmosphere of Venus. Attenuation in the Venusian atmosphere is governed by energy absorption and defocusing effects along the path of propagation. Empirical models of the relevant atmospheric properties affecting these are used to determine the curved ray path by way of an efficient numerical integration procedure, coupled with a fast converging iterative algorithm. Emphasis is placed on S-band frequencies, but the method and formulations are applicable up to about 10GHz.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Bladder Cancer

The most common variant of bladder cancer in Western countries is urothelial carcinoma (UCC), formerly known as “transitional cell carcinoma,” which has significant health costs and morbidity [1,2]. This neoplasm has two distinct clinical presentations: approximately 30 % of UCs are muscle invasive (MIUC), while the remainder present with nonmuscle-invasive disease (NMIUC). These are not mere pathological distinctions, but rather two distinct clinical entities, which show different outcomes and are therefore treated differently. For instance, NMIUC (corresponding to stages Ta, Tis, and T1) is generally treated by endoscopic transurethral tumor resection, which may be followed by intravesical immunotherapy or chemotherapy. This approach generally results in good outcomes, with 85 % 10-year disease-specific survival for Ta, and 70 % for T1 stage disease [3]. On the contrary, patients with MIUC are generally treated with radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic iliac lymphadenectomy, which can be preceded or followed by chemotherapy [4]. In spite of this more aggressive treatment, however, approximately half of the patients in this group will experience treatment failure within 2 years [4].
Intelligence Failures, Militarization, and Rehabilitation: The Anti-Terrorist Campaign After the Chittagong Armoury Raid

This chapter analyzes how the Bengal revolutionaries’ escalation of their anticolonial campaign in the early 1930s led to the deployment of new anti-terrorist strategies by colonial authorities. The Chittagong Armoury Raid of April 1930 demonstrated the revolutionaries’ capacity to carry out more ambitious attacks on colonial officials and institutions. The revolutionaries’ renewed campaign of violence also created a sense of panic on the part of the white community in Bengal, who demanded summary justice and reprisals. In response to the surge in revolutionary activity, British and Indian Army troops were stationed in key districts of the province, and military officers (known as Military Intelligence Officers) bolstered the ranks of the Intelligence Branch. The militarization of the counter-terrorist campaign and the issues of civil-military cooperation that they raised anticipated colonial counter-insurgency campaigns following the Second World War. At the same time as colonial authorities came to rely more extensively on the military in the policing of the revolutionaries, they simultaneously intensified efforts to “reform” and “rehabilitate” many of the thousands of terrorist suspects detained during these years in an effort to eliminate the threat of revolutionary violence in Bengal.
Characterization of Hydrothermal Deposition of Copper Oxide Nanoleaves on Never-Dried Bacterial Cellulose

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has attracted a great deal of interest due to its green synthesis and biocompatibility. The nanoscale dimension of BC nanofibers generates an enormous surface area that enhances interactions with water and soluble components within aqueous solution. Recent work has demonstrated that BC is a versatile platform for the formation of metal/metal oxide nanocomposites. Copper oxide (CuO) is a useful material to compare nanomaterial deposition on BC with other cellulosic materials because of copper’s colorimetric reaction as it forms copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) and transitions to CuO. In this research, we found that never-dried BC readily deposits CuO into its matrix in a way that does not occur on cotton, dried BC, or regenerated cellulose fibers. We conclude that hydroxyl group availability does not adequately explain our results and that intrafibrillar pores in never-dried BC nanofibers play a critical role in CuO deposition.
Large energy storage density performance of epitaxial BCT/BZT heterostructures via interface engineering.

We grew lead-free BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (BZT)/Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (BCT) epitaxial heterostructures and studied their structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy density characteristics. The BZT/BCT epitaxial heterostructures were grown on SrRuO3 (SRO) buffered SrTiO3 (STO) single crystal substrate by optimized pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. These high-quality nanostructures exhibit high dielectric permittivity (∼1300), slim electric field-dependent polarization (P-E) curve with high saturation polarization (∼100 µC/cm2) and low remnant polarization (∼20 µC/cm2) through interface engineering to develop new lead-free ferroelectric system for energy storage devices. We observe an ultrahigh discharge and charge energy densities of 42.10 and 97.13 J/cm3, respectively, with high efficiency, which might be highly promising for both high power and energy storage electrical devices.
Student Attitudes about E-Texts: Engagement, Reading Compliance, and Political Interest

In recent years, great enthusiasm has been expressed about the digital textbook, but do students actually like it? Student attitudes about e-textbooks have been the most-investigated aspects of the academic digital platform, but while many early studies suggested that most students actually preferred paper texts to electronic ones, later studies have produced mixed results. Since students’ feelings about the text may also have a significant impact on their engagement with a course’s subject matter, it is essential to examine not only what attitudes students hold about the digital text platform, but also the impact of those attitudes on their academic experience. Using data from a study of students in introductory political science courses, this research explores student attitudes toward the digital textbook and the impact of these attitudes on student engagement with the text, the likelihood that they will complete the assigned reading, and their interest in politics.
Feasibility of Reuse Filter Backwash Water as Primary/Aid Coagulant in Coagulation–Sedimentation Process for Tertiary Wastewater Treatment

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of reusing filter backwash water (FBWW) from the water treatment plant as a substitute for conventional coagulants (primary coagulant) and coagulant aid with aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) in the coagulation–sedimentation process as tertiary treatment urban effluents for reuse. The impact of reuse filter backwash water has been studied on the water quality in coagulation process. The analysis Fourier Transform Infrared showed the presence of Al(OH)3 in the filter backwash water. The results showed a very good performance of turbidity and organic matter removal by FBWW in both cases. For a dose of 22.5 mg Al/L of FBWW as primary coagulant, the removal of turbidity and UV254 absorbance was significant, with percentages of 65.8% and 31.7%, respectively, during the treatment of the secondary effluent. The best results were obtained for a neutral pH. With FBWW as coagulant aid, the optimal dose of Al2(SO4)3 decreased from 9.5 to 6.3 mg Al/L with better percentages of turbidity reduction and UV254 of 92.9 and 71.4%. This study permits to reduce the coagulant concentration.
Between Old and New: George Stigler’s Chicago Price Theory

The epigram in Alfred Marshall’s Principles of Economics, a keystone text for Chicago price theory, is natura non facit saltum—nature does not move in jumps. This chapter applies Marshall’s adage to the development of George J. Stigler’s understanding and practice of price theory. We begin with Stigler’s earliest writings when he was a graduate student, proceeding through his career to the point when, as a mature scholar Stigler wrote reflections on the place of his ideas in the changing landscape of neoclassical economics. The chapter identifies threads that run throughout Stigler’s work from beginning to end, along with other threads that change their twist over the course of his career. The chapter demonstrates the importance of history and biography to understanding of economic ideas.
The Creation of the East Timorese Economy, Volume 2: Birth of a Nation: By Mats Lundahl and Fredrik Sjöholm. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. Pp. xvi + 400. Hardback: A$169.

The Creation of the East Timorese Economy, Volume 2: Birth of a Nation is a welcome addition to the global library of emerging markets literature. Not only is it the first comprehensive, in-depth b...
I(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization-Migration Tandem Reactions of Unactivated Anilines.

An I(III)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization–migration tandem reaction using Selectfluor as the oxidant was developed that converts unactivated anilines into 3H-indoles is reported herein. The reactio...
Rapid exponential increase in neurosurgery departmental scholarly output following an intensive research initiative

There has been extensive research into methods of increasing academic departmental scholarly activity (DSA) through targeted interventions. Residency programmes are responsible for ensuring sufficient scholarly opportunities for residents. We sought to discover the outcomes of an intensive research initiative (IRI) on DSA in our department in a short-time interval. IRI was implemented, consisting of multiple interventions, to rapidly produce an increase in DSA through resident/medical student faculty engagement. We compare pre-IRI (8 years) and post-IRI (2 years) research products (RP), defined as the sum of oral presentations and publications, to evaluate the IRI. The study was performed in 2020. The IRI resulted in an exponential increase in DSA with an annual RP increase of 350% from 2017 (3 RP) to 2018 (14 RP), with another 92% from 2018 (14 RP) to 2019 (27 RP). RP/year exponentially increased from 2.1/year to 10.5/year for residents and 0.5/year to 10/year for medical students, resulting in a 400% and 1900% increase in RP/year, respectively. The common methods in literature to increase DSA included instituting protected research time (23.8%) and research curriculum (21.5%). We share our department’s increase in DSA over a short 2-year period after implementing our IRI. Our goal in reporting our experience is to provide an example for departments that need to rapidly increase their DSA. By reporting the shortest time interval to achieve exponential DSA growth, we hope this example can support programmes in petitioning hospitals and medical colleges for academic support resources.
Isolating the Role of Corticosterone in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Transcriptomic Stress Response.

Investigation of the negative impacts of stress on reproduction has largely centered around the effects of the adrenal steroid hormone, corticosterone (CORT), and its influence on a system of tissues vital for reproduction-the hypothalamus of the brain, the pituitary gland, and the gonads (the HPG axis). Research on the action of CORT on the HPG axis has predominated the stress and reproductive biology literature, potentially overshadowing other influential mediators. To gain a more complete understanding of how elevated CORT affects transcriptomic activity of the HPG axis, we experimentally examined its role in male and female rock doves (Columba livia). We exogenously administrated CORT to mimic circulating levels during the stress response, specifically 30 min of restraint stress, an experimental paradigm known to increase circulating CORT in vertebrates. We examined all changes in transcription within each level of the HPG axis as compared to both restraint-stressed birds and vehicle-injected controls. We also investigated the differential transcriptomic response to CORT and restraint-stress in each sex. We report causal and sex-specific effects of CORT on the HPG transcriptomic stress response. Restraint stress caused 1567 genes to uniquely differentially express while elevated circulating CORT was responsible for the differential expression of 304 genes. Only 108 genes in females and 8 in males differentially expressed in subjects that underwent restraint stress and those who were given exogenous CORT. In response to elevated CORT and restraint-stress, both sexes shared the differential expression of 5 genes, KCNJ5, CISH, PTGER3, CEBPD, and ZBTB16, all located in the pituitary. The known functions of these genes suggest potential influence of elevated CORT on immune function and prolactin synthesis. Gene expression unique to each sex indicated that elevated CORT affected more gene transcription in females than males (78 genes versus 3 genes, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate the role of CORT in HPG genomic transcription during a stress response. We present an extensive and openly accessible view of the role corticosterone in the HPG transcriptomic stress response. Because the HPG system is well conserved across vertebrates, these data have the potential to inspire new therapeutic strategies for reproductive dysregulation in multiple vertebrate systems, including our own.
Recurrence score testing does not appear to benefit patients with Grade 1, progesterone receptor-positive breast cancers: An opportunity to eliminate overtreatment and decrease testing costs.

Abstract Background We previously described a risk prediction model (Anne Arundel Medical Center [AAMC] model) based on pathology which may eliminate the need for recurrence score (RS) testing in select early-stage breast cancers. There is a concern that patients in discordant risk prediction groups (AAMC vs. RS) may be overtreated or undertreated if RS testing were omitted. Methods We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for all breast cancer patients between 2004 and 2015. AAMC low-risk was defined as Grade 1 and progesterone receptor-positive (PR + ) tumors, while AAMC high-risk was defined as Grade 3 or estrogen-negative tumors. RS low-risk group was defined as RS 50 years. RS high-risk group was defined as RS > 25. Results A total of 71,212 cases were analyzed. Of these, 590 were AAMC low-risk/RS high-risk discordant, while 5,596 were AAMC high-risk/RS low-risk discordant. For AAMC low-risk/RS high-risk discordant, 10-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) did not differ for patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy versus those who did not (93% chemotherapy vs. 99% unknown/no chemotherapy, p = .12). Overall survival (OS) was also comparable (92% chemotherapy vs. 91% unknown/no chemotherapy, p = .42). In the AAMC high-risk/RS low-risk discordant group, 10-year BCSS (92% chemotherapy vs. 96% unknown/no chemotherapy, p = .06) and OS (87% chemotherapy vs. 90% unknown/no chemotherapy, p = .52) did not differ between adjuvant chemotherapy and unknown/no chemotherapy groups. Conclusions Adjuvant chemotherapy in the AAMC low-risk/RS high-risk and AAMC high-risk/RS low-risk discordant groups did not improve survival. This supports consideration of omission of RS testing in Grade 1, PR + tumors. Patients with Grade 3 tumors do benefit from RS testing.
Significance of High-Quality Physical Education Teachers

This study investigated the extent to which public school K–12 staff in the United States teaching physical education were certified in physical education and had an academic major in physical education during the 2015–2016 school year. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of public school teachers in the United States. Descriptive statistics were used in the description of physical education teachers’ certification and academic major. These characteristics were investigated with regard to school grade level, census region, urbanicity, and newly hired. Results showed that over 30% of public high school physical education teachers did not have an undergraduate or graduate degree in physical education. Nearly 20% of physical education teachers were not certified in physical education. Furthermore, less than 70% of physical education teachers had both characteristics of a qualified teacher. Results from this study show the need for an increase in the percentage of high-quality physical education teachers who have both teaching certification and an academic major in physical education, which would positively impact public health in the United States. Subscribe to TPE
Too Literal, not Literal Enough

Here and now, today, the issue is — and feels as if it has always been, even if our ancestors have not always been aware - to avoid two dangers: taking too literally, and not taking literally enough. What is to be taken literally; what must not be taken too literally; what is not taken literally enough differ with place and time, change historically, perhaps develop historically. Today — say, since the advent of the atom bomb — most people, among them most politicians and ‘opinion makers,’ take the ‘contemporary Situation’ too literally, but ‘historical development,’ or ‘history,’ not literally enough; too literally (for instance), China’s military strength, the tensions between Israel and the Arab states or between the U.S.S.R. and China, apartheid, the relation between the U.S.A. and Latin America, the race problem in the U.S.A.; not literally enough, historical developments that lie behind these and other aspects of the ‘contemporary Situation’ and have produced them so that these aspects strike us as simply given, to be taken ‘at face value.’ Among these developments are the discrepancy between the social, political, psychic State of the world and its economic, scientific, technological, industrial State: not taken literally enough is the necessity to decrease this discrepancy and thus the explosive danger to mankind, that is to say, to all of us, of the contemporary Situation.
Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils: Ion Exchange Phenomena

The origin of the various types of electrical charges carried by soil colloids are described and the influence of different species of exchangeable cations on the forces arising from the electrical fields due to these charges is discussed in terms of the theory of the diffuse double layer. The principles of the application of this theory to the study of floculation and swelling phenomena are described and examples are given to illustrate the way in which it may be used to predict the effects of different types of exchangeable cation and salt concentration on the mechanical properties of soils.
Metachronous metastasis to the penis from carcinoma of the rectum. Report of a case.

A case of metastasis from carcinoma of the rectum to the penis is presented and details of its pathology are discussed.
The digestive function of the epithelium of the small intestine. I. An intracellular locus of disaccharide and sugar phosphate ester hydrolysis.

Abstract The relative distribution between the tissue and the medium of the products of hydrolysis in vitro of sucrose, maltose and glucose 1-phosphate by hamster small intestine was measured. The concentration relationships found indicate that hydrolysis of all three of these compounds takes place within the epithelial cells.
An efficient computer algorithm for the calculation of Walsh transform for completely and incompletely specified multiple-valued input binary functions

An efficient computer implementation of an originally developed spectral representation of multiple-valued input binary functions is presented. In such a representation, the spectrum for each multiple-valued input binary function is composed of a vector of Walsh transforms, each of which is defined for one pair of input variables of the function. By this approach, the number of spectral coefficients describing a given multiple-valued input binary function is the minimal one. The implementation of the algorithm allows for the calculation of the spectra of binary functions having an arbitrary number of literals, each of which can have up to 32 different logical values. The algorithm is interactive so users can, as needed, determine the generation of a partial or whole spectrum. >
Fermentation reactions of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

White, Thomas G. (U. S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa), and Richard D. Shuman. Fermentation reactions of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. J. Bacteriol. 82:595-599. 1961.-A study was made to determine the effect of four different basal media, to which fermentable carbon compounds had been added, upon 22 selected strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (insidiosa). Acid production was measured by (i) chemical indicator, (ii) change in pH, and (iii) production of titrable acidity. At least two determinations, usually four, were made for each test on each strain. The fermentation pattern varied according to the medium, the indicator, and the method of measuring acid production. Andrade's base plus serum was the most dependable medium because it permitted the least variation in the total number of different patterns. Of the three methods used to measure acid production, the chemical indicator gave the most valid and reproducible results. The within-strain variation was not extreme and most strains persisted in a given fermentation pattern under like conditions of growth and acid production. Results of the study indicated that, regardless of the medium and indicator routinely used, one should be familiar with the fermentation pattern of known strains of the erysipelas organism.
Trajectories of Drinking Urges During Individual- and Couple-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders

Individuals receiving treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) often experience urges to drink, and reductions in drinking urges during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) predict better treatment outcomes. However, little previous work has examined patterns of daily drinking urges during treatment. This study examined patterns of change in daily drinking urges among participants in two randomized clinical trials of males (N = 80 with 4,401 daily recordings) and females ( N = 101 with 8,011 daily recordings) receiving individual- or couples-based CBT. Drinking urges were common during treatment, occurring on 45.1% of days for men and 44.8% for women. Drinking urges and alcohol use for both genders decreased substantially during the course of treatment. Both genders had increases in drinking urges as more time elapsed since attending a treatment session. For men, this increase was most pronounced at the beginning of treatment, but for women it was most pronounced near the end of treatment. Alcohol use and...
Evolution of Pelvic Exenteration

Most, if not all, cancer operations as we know them today had been performed successfully by the late 1940s. Surgical advances after World War II, especially in blood transfusion, anesthesia, antibiotic therapy, and later in nutrition and respiratory and intensive care monitoring, made it possible for radical resection procedures such as pancreatoduodenectomy, esophagectomy, radical neck dissection, and abdominoperineal resection of the rectum to become the standard of care in the surgical treatment of malignancy arising from these organs. Total pelvic exenteration is defined as the complete resection of the pelvic viscera and its draining lymphatic system. Although nearly 60 years have passed since Brunschwig [1] published his initial experience in 1948, the value of this procedure was recognized relatively late in the evolution of radical cancer surgery (Fig. 1). The objective of total pelvic exenteration is to encompass all malignant tissues including adjacent invaded viscera and regional lymphatics; therefore, experience with other pelvic radical cancer operations had to mature for exenterative surgery to have a place in the surgical armamentarium against locally advanced pelvic cancer affecting more than one pelvic organ. These ‘‘lesser’’ procedures include radical cystectomy (Verhoogen, 1908), radical hysterectomy (Weirtheim, 1898), and abdominoperineal rectal resection (Miles, 1908). Each is an extensive surgical procedure capable of inflicting substantial morbidity and functional impairment of great magnitude. Eugene M. Bricker, a pioneer in pelvic exenteration, performed his first total exenteration on August 8, 1940, at the newly created Ellis Fischel State
CD43 and CD5 antibodies define four normal and neoplastic B-cell subsets: a three-color flow cytometric study.

CD43 antibodies are best known for identifying normal and neoplastic T cells and a subset of neoplastic B cells in paraffin sections. The frequency of nonneoplastic CD43 + B cells in different reactive settings, the proportion of B-cell neoplasms with small CD43+ populations, and the relationship of CD43+ B cells to CD5+ B cells are less well established. CD43 and CD5 expression on normal and neoplastic CD19 + B cells was therefore studied in 138 specimens using three-color flow cytometric analysis. CD43 and CD5 defined four normal B-cell subsets (CD43 + CD5 +, CD43 + CD5−, CD43−CD5+, and CD43−CD5−). A significantly greater proportion of CD43+ B cells was found in cord blood and putative HIV + blood samples than in normal control bloods. B-cell neoplasms derived from each of these four B-cell subsets were identified, with CD43 +/CD5+ and CD43-/CD5- neoplasms being most common. The predominant B-cell population coexpressed CD43 alone in 2/39 neoplasms and CD5 alone in four. A minority of cases showed heterogeneous CD43 expression. The B cells in two of three posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders coexpressed CD43. B cells showed weaker CD43 staining than did T-cells (relative fluorescence 0.38 ± 0.29). These findings support the concept that CD43 expression by neoplastic B cells is not an aberrant finding. CD43 expression on normal and neoplastic B cells is independent of CD5 expression even though CD43 and CD5 are frequently coexpressed. CD43 expression by B cells sometimes might be underestimated in paraffin sections because it is much weaker than on T cells. Although large discrete populations of CD43+ B cells were only identified in B-cell neoplasms and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders, increased proportions of CD43+ B cells were present in some benign settings. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Supplementation with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and all-rac alpha-tocopherol alone and in combination failed to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in human volunteers ☆

There is growing evidence supporting the importance of inflammation in all stages of atherosclerosis. While both ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3PUFA) and the lipid-soluble antioxidant alpha-tocopherol (AT) have been shown to independently have significant anti-inflammatory effects, there is paucity of data examining the effect of n3PUFA alone and in combination with AT on markers of inflammation and monocyte function. Therefore, we tested the effect of n3PUFA alone, all-rac (synthetic) AT alone, and the combination on markers of inflammation and monocyte function. Healthy nonsmoking volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (n = 20 per group): 1.5 g/d n3PUFA, 800 IU/d AT, 1.5 g n3PUFA + 800 IU/d AT, or placebo in a parallel double-blinded study. Compared to baseline, 12 weeks of supplementation resulted in no changes in plasma lipids regardless of treatment. Plasma AT was significantly increased only in those groups that received AT (P < .0001). Similarly, groups receiving n3PUFA showed a significant increase in plasma docosahexaenoic acid (P < .0001). No significant within- or between-group differences were found for plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Furthermore, there were no differences in monocyte proinflammatory cytokine release (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and IL-6) after activation with monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). In conclusion, supplementation with n3PUFA and all-rac AT at these doses is not anti-inflammatory.
The effects of social support and coping on the relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders

The current study examined the hypotheses that social support and coping moderate and or mediate the relationship between a broad and a narrow form of social anxiety and eating disorder symptoms. One hundred sixty-nine female undergraduates at a private Midwestern university, completed measures of social support, coping, social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that higher levels of social support are associated with a weaker association between social anxiety and eating disorder symptomatology. Low use of task- and avoidant-oriented (distraction) coping and increased use of emotion-oriented coping are associated with a stronger association between social anxiety and eating disorder symptomatology. Implications for research and clinical intervention are discussed.