cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expanding the range of environmental values: Political orientation, moral foundations, and the common ingroup

Abstract Resolving widespread political polarization on environmental issues, particularly in the U.S., remains an intractable problem. Data from a pair of experiments illuminate a way forward in which a range of different moral and political values may be affirmed under the rubric of a common environmental destiny. Findings from Experiment 1 demonstrated that conservatives’ pro-environmental attitudes substantially increased after an appeal to binding and liberty moral concerns. In Experiment 2, drawing from work on the common ingroup identity model in intergroup relations, a second experiment demonstrated the enhanced efficacy of an appeal that affirmed diverse ideological and moral values in the context of a shared concern for the health of the natural environment. Discussion focuses on the social identity processes responsible for such effects, the resistance to change of some environmental attitudes such as climate change skepticism, and strategies to achieve common moral ground across the political spectrum.
Crystal growth during keyhole mode laser welding

Abstract Evolution of microstructure during keyhole mode welding involves several special features such as multiple inflections of weld pool boundary curvatures, strong spatially variable thermal cycles and negligible undercooling. These systems are difficult to characterize rigorously, because depending on the sections selected, significantly different grain structures and topological features are observed. Here we uncover the special features of crystal growth during keyhole mode laser welding considering the motion of the melt pool and the interdependence of the grain growth in both the fusion zone and the heat affected zone. The temperature distribution and the transient thermal history of welds were combined with the grain growth simulation using a Monte Carlo approach in a computationally efficient manner. The computed results were tested against independent experimental data for keyhole mode laser welding of copper where the grain structure can be easily resolved. The results showed that the curved columnar grains growing from the fusion zone boundary coexisted with axial columnar grains near the centerline of welds. The effects of welding speed on the dimension, distribution, orientation and morphology of the columnar and equiaxed grains were studied.
Gangrenous cholecystitis: innovative laparoscopic techniques to facilitate subtotal fenestrating cholecystectomy when a critical view of safety cannot be achieved.

Gangrenous cholecystitis is associated with a higher conversion rate of conversion from laparoscopic to open than acute non-gangrenous cholecystitis. New strategies and techniques are needed to decrease conversion rates and improve outcomes. In this article, we provide a richly detailed, illustrated description of a modified fundus-first technique that we have developed over the last 15 years and now use routinely with rare conversions. We also compared outcomes of laparoscopic (LC) and open (OC) approaches for pathologically confirmed gangrenous cholecystitis in 146 patients during 1995–2005, the first 10 years during which these two approaches were performed contemporaneously at our institution on comparable patients. Among the 142 patients that met the inclusion criteria, laparoscopic procedures were started in 112 (79%) of these patients, with successful completion in 72 resulting in an overall conversion rate of 36%. During the last 5 years, however, in cases where the described laparoscopic technique was used, no patient has required conversion. The laparoscopic LC group had shorter average ICU stay (p < 0.05) and overall length of stay (2 vs 6 days, p < 0.001). Intraoperative cholangiography was completed in 37 of 72 LC patients (52%) versus 6 of 30 OC (20%). In five of the LC patients, a filling defect was seen on the cholangiogram and laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct stones, thereby avoiding a second anesthetic and endoscopic procedure. In the setting of severe inflammation, a number of procedural modifications can be incorporated to allow the surgeon to approach dissection of the gangrenous gallbladder using a flexible operative plan designed to optimize safe completion of this challenging procedure, with the expected improvement in surgical outcomes.
Effect of quinone additives on the performance of electrolytes for vanadium redox flow Batteries

Anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonic acid (AQDS) was added to the electrolyte of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) with the goal of enhancing its performance. This study utilized carbon paper electrodes and a Nafion 117 ion exchange membrane for the membrane-electrode assembly. The cycling performance was investigated over multiple charge and discharge cycles. The addition of AQDS was found to increase capacity efficiency by an average of 7.6% over the control VRFB containing no AQDS, while decreasing the overall cycle duration by ~18%. It is thus reported that the addition of AQDS to a VRFB electrolyte has the potential to inexpensively increase the activity and capacity.
Association Between Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission Rates and Illness Acuity.

Importance Most neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are born at gestational age (GA) of 34 weeks or more. The degree of uniformity of admission criteria for these infants is unclear, particularly at the low-acuity end of the range of conditions warranting admission. Objectives To describe variation in NICU admission rates for neonates born at GA of 34 weeks or more and examine whether such variation is associated with high illness acuity or designated facility level of care. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study of 35 921 NICU inborn admissions of GA at 34 weeks or more during calendar year 2015, using a population database of inborn NICU admissions at 130 of the 149 hospitals in California with a NICU. The aggregate service population comprised 358 453 live births. The individual NICU was the unit of observation and analysis. The analysis was stratified by designated facility level of care and correlations with the percentage admissions with high illness acuity were explored. The hypothesis at the outset of the study was that inborn admission rates would correlate positively with the percentage of admissions with high illness acuity. Exposures Live birth at GA of 34 weeks or more. Main Outcomes and Measures Inborn NICU admission rate. Results Of the total of 358 453 live births at GA of 34 weeks or more, 35 921 infants were admitted to a NICU and accounted for 79.2% of all inborn NICU admissions; 4260 (11.9%) of these admissions met high illness acuity criteria. Inborn admission rates varied 34-fold, from 1.1% to 37.7% of births (median, 9.7%; mean [SD], 10.6% [5.8%]). Percentage with high illness acuity varied 40-fold, from 2.4% to 95% (median, 11.3%; mean, 13.2% [9.9%]). Inborn admission rate correlated inversely with percentage of admissions with high illness acuity (Spearman ρ = −0.3034,P Conclusions and Relevance Percentage of admissions with high illness acuity does not explain 34-fold variation in NICU inborn admission rates for neonates born at GA of 34 weeks or more. The findings are consistent with a supply-sensitive care component and invite future investigation to clarify the lower-acuity end of the range of conditions considered to warrant neonatal intensive care.
Anatomically Associated Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters

Abstract Background Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are ubiquitous in modern hospitals, but are associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE). We retrospectively examined this association in hospitalized patients, highlighting anatomically associated VTEs (those with DVT in the PICC extremity). Methods Charts with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD9) code for VTE were collected from a discharge database of PICC-managed patients at a tertiary hospital. A sample (52.3%) of the VTE charts was manually reviewed to verify PICC-associated VTE (unverified charts were excluded), and determine such data as the extremity in which each DVT was diagnosed (using ultrasound reports). VTE rates were calculated using an uncorrected method (from charts with VTE ICD9 code) and a corrected method (from charts with manually verified PICC-associated VTE). Results Our uncorrected VTE rate was 3.9% (P Conclusions We found clinically significant rates of PICC-associated VTE. The majority of patients' DVT occurred in the same extremity as their PICC, lending further evidence that PICCs are an independent risk factor for VTE and require judicious use. There was also a discrepancy in VTE rate derived from ICD codes alone vs. manual chart review.
Translingual practices and neoliberal policies: Attitudes and strategies of African skilled migrants in Anglophone workplaces

At what point do scholarship and pedagogy in sociolinguistics and language education become complicit in neoliberalism? What can researchers learn from their multilingual informants about how to re...
Migrating library data: a practical manual

With few exceptions, the chapter authors of Migrating Library Data are librarians at members of the Orbis Cascade Alliance. The significance of this is that Orbis Cascade made a consortium-wide mig...
Putting the Law in Its Place: Business Ethics and the Assumption that Illegal Implies Unethical

Many business ethicists assume that if a type of conduct is illegal, then it is also unethical. This article scrutinizes that assumption, using the rideshare company Uber’s illegal operation in the city of Philadelphia as a case study. I argue that Uber’s unlawful conduct was permissible. I also argue that this position is not an extreme one: it is consistent with a variety of theoretical commitments in the analytic philosophical tradition regarding political obligation (i.e. the moral duty to obey the law because it is the law). I conclude by showing why business ethicists would have a better rejoinder to the “dominant view” of business ethics associated with Milton Friedman if they dispensed with the assumption that illegal implies unethical.
Preparation of sphere-shaped nanoscale carbon nitride polymer

The carbon nitride polymer of the previously unknown sphere-shaped structure was prepared both by a template-directed solid-state and solution phase syntheses from cyanuric chloride or fluoride and lithium nitride. The obtained polymer powder was characterized by SEM/EDAX, TEM, XRD, TGA, XPS, (13C) MAS NMR, LD/MS, FTIR, UV-visible, and Raman spectroscopy. Modification of the surface area of the template used demonstrated the possibility of producing the carbon nitride spheres with the particle sizes ranging from 20 μm to 50 nm. According to TEM data, the spheres are hollow and the material is shown to be essentially amorphous by powder XRD.
Insulin autoantibodies in pre-diabetes.

Evidence that insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) is an autoimmune disease has accumulated since autoantibodies to cytoplasmic antigens (ICA)in the pancreatic islet cell were first described a decade ago (1). In addition, other autoantibodies reactive to cell surface antigens of islet cells (ICSA) have been identified using various methods and sources of islet tissue (2–3). The frequencies of these islet reactive antibodies are highest near the time of diagnosis of IDD and fall progressively thereafter. Recently, several reports have observed that ICA can also present years before the onset of clinical diabetes and may, therefore, serve as markers for the autoimmune destruction of beta cells (4–5).
The Just War Approach

According to the just war tradition, if a war meets certain conditions it is a just war; otherwise it is not. Cicero, drawing upon even earlier sources, provided the nucleus of just war thinking. Later St. Ambrose and St. Augustine presented a Christianized form of the just war idea, and still later St. Thomas Aquinas elaborated the Christian idea. By the Middle Ages the just war approach was a received Christian way to evaluate war efforts. In this chapter the contributions of these propounders of the just war idea as it is embodied in the just war theory are discussed, as are the later evolution of the just war theory and of thinking about the proper conditions for a just war. Because this approach to war was elaborated and approved by religious thinkers, and tacitly followed by many who are religious, it became one of the established religious approaches to war.
Substituent effect of chelated cobalt II

Abstract Binding constants for eight axial ligands, including four primary amines, and CN, SCW, N02, and N3, to m-and p- carbomethoxyphenyl (aquo)cobaloximes have been determined in aqueous solution at 25.0 C, ionic strenght 1.0 M. These constants have been used to establish experimental conditions for the measurement of the second-order rate constants for base-catalyzed hydrolysis of these cobaloxime substituted methyl benzoates. These rate constants have been correlated via the Taft dual substituent parameter equation to provide values for the inductive and resonance substituent constants for the ehelated substituents -Co(D2H2)L. The results show that substantial resonance interaction can occur between these substituents and carbomethoxyphenyl-organic ligands when L is an unsaturated inorganic ligand capable of ir-interactions with the cobalt atom. Inductive electron donation by the substituent -Co(D2H2)L is found to increase linearly with proton basicity of L for all the inorganic ligands save on, while an unexpected inverse dependence is seen for L= RNH2.
Image-guided microfluidic cell sorter with machine learning

We demonstrated an image-guided cell sorter using the techniques of spatial-temporal coding for high throughput cell imaging, real-time image processing and machine learning for cell classification, and microfluidic device in a disposable cartridge for cell sorting.
Designing Secure Cryptographic Accelerators with Information Flow Enforcement: A Case Study on AES

Designing a secure cryptographic accelerator is challenging as vulnerabilities may arise from design decisions and implementation flaws. To provide high security assurance, we propose to design and build cryptographic accelerators with hardware-level information flow control so that the security of an implementation can be formally verified. This paper uses an AES accelerator as a case study to demonstrate how to express security requirements of a cryptographic accelerator as information flow policies for security enforcement. Our AES prototype on an FPGA shows that the proposed protection has a marginal impact on area and performance. CCS CONCEPTS • Security and privacy → Hardware security implementation; Information flow control;
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Revision Arthroscopic Posterior Shoulder Capsulolabral Repair in Contact Athletes

Objectives:Risk factors and outcomes of revision arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral repairare currently not well defined in contact athletes.Evaluation of risk factors for contact athletes who re...
Power of Statistical Tests for Subgroup Analysis in Meta-Analysis

Meta-analysis is used extensively in health and medicine to examine the average effect of a treatment and the variation among studies estimating this effect. However, the estimate of the average treatment effect is not the only concern in a systematic review. Researchers also need to understand how the treatment effect may vary. The potential challenges for subgroup analyses in meta-analysis parallel those in randomized trials where many have urged caution in the conduct and interpretation of subgroup analyses. This chapter will discuss the power of statistical tests for subgroup analysis in order to help in both the planning and interpretation of subgroup tests in a meta-analysis. The chapter will begin with an overview of subgroup analyses in a meta-analysis, reviewing recent research on the interpretation of these results. The chapter will then discuss the a priori power of subgroup analyses under the fixed and the random effects model and provide examples of power computations. The chapter will also present a general overview of power in meta-regression with directions for future research on power analysis for examining subgroup effects.
Simultaneous liver transplant and sleeve gastrectomy not associated with worse index admission outcomes compared to liver transplant alone - a retrospective cohort study.

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at the time of liver transplant (LT) has been argued to decrease resource utilization. However, larger studies examining outcomes are lacking. We aim to determine the outcomes of simultaneous SG and LT compared to LT alone. This is a retrospective cohort study using the 2011-2017 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). The primary outcome was the odds of inpatient mortality in patients undergoing simultaneous SG and LT compared with LT alone. Secondary outcomes included inpatient morbidity, resource utilization, hospital length of stay (LOS), and inflation-adjusted total hospital costs and charges. A total of 45 361 patients underwent LT in the study period, 49 underwent simultaneous SG. Patients undergoing simultaneous LT and SG had lower crude mortality (0.0%) compared to LT alone (2.97%; P = 0.52). There were no statistically significant differences in morbidity, resource utilization, and hospital costs and charges. Patients undergoing simultaneous LT and SG did not have significantly different mortality rates, morbidity, resource utilization, or LOS during the index admission when compared to LT alone. SG may be feasible at the time of LT in very carefully selected patients. Studies should focus in determining which patients are the optimal candidates to undergo simultaneous LT and SG.
Hydrodynamical Accretion Onto Sgr A* From Distributed Point Sources

Spectral and kinematic studies suggest that the nonthermal radio source Sgr A*, located at the center of the Milky Way, is a supermassive compact object with a mass 2-3 million solar masses. Winds from nearby stars, located approximately 0.06 pc to the east of Sgr A*, should, in the absence of any outflow from the putative black hole itself, be accreting onto this object. We report the results of the first 3D Bondi-Hoyle hydrodynamical numerical simulations of this process under the assumption that the Galactic center wind is generated by several different point sources (here assumed to be 10 pseudo-randomly placed stars). Our results show that the accretion rate onto the central object can be higher than in the case of a uniform flow since wind-wind shocks dissipate some of the bulk kinetic energy and lead to a higher capture rate for the gas. However, even for this highly non-uniform medium, most of the accreting gas carries with it a relatively low level of specific angular momentum, though large transient fluctuations can occur. Additionally, the post-bow-shock focusing of the gas can be substantially different than that for a uniform flow, but it depends strongly on the stellar spatial distribution. We discuss how this affects the morphology of the gas in the inner 0.15 pc of the Galaxy and the consequences for accretion disk models of Sgr A*.
Randomized, Comparative Study of Full- and Half-Dose Fluorescein Angiography:

Purpose:This study determines whether fluorescein angiography (FA) with a 250-mg dose of fluorescein (half dose) is equal in quality to the standard 500-mg dose of fluorescein (full dose) when usin...
Developing Coaching Mindset and Skills

As the use of coaching in organizations continues to grow, managers are increasingly expected to coach their subordinates. However, the development of managerial coaching skills has generally not k...
Gastric Pull Combined Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Approach

Native esophagus is always the best, and all efforts should be made to preserve the native esophagus. In circumstances where the esophagus is not available, a suitable substitute is needed to perform the function of the esophagus. All the substitutes available have their advantages and disadvantages. The best substitute would be the one which allows close to normal swallowing with minimum reflux and reduced number of complications like strictures, leaks, and dilatation.
Identifying Barriers and Access to Mental Health Care for African Americans

Although individuals have greater access to mental health services than ever before, it is important to be aware of societal and cultural barriers that hinder minority groups from seeking care. When considering the quality and availability of culturally responsive care provided to African Americans, several inequalities exist. Some barriers they face include stigma, institutional discrimination, religious beliefs, cultural distrust of healthcare and mental health systems, lack of healthcare insurance, mental health illiteracy, and lack of representation among practitioners. This chapter provides a brief history of mental illness among African Americans, discusses identification of social and cultural barriers and implications for improving access to care, and concludes with culturally responsive practices.
Handling Missing Values in the MDS-UPDRS (P1.195)

OBJECTIVE: To define the number of missing values permissible to render valid total scores for each Part of the MDS-UPDRS. BACKGROUND: Rating scale missing values are problematic and imputation strategies have been developed as general guidelines to reject an incomplete rating or create a surrogate score. We developed a rigorous, scale-specific, data-based approach to handling missing values and generating valid prorated scores when the MDS-UPDRS is incomplete. DESIGN/METHODS: From two large MDS-UPDRS datasets, we deleted item scores, either consistently (same items across all subjects) or randomly (different items across subjects). Linn’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) compared scores without missing values with prorated scores from sequentially increasing missing values. The maximal number of missing values retaining CCC > 0.95 determined the threshold for rendering a valid prorated score. We examined three Hoehn and Yahr (HY) categories (Stages 1-2, 3, and 4-5) each with 160 randomly selected entries. A second confirmatory sample was selected from the MDS-UPDRS international translation program. RESULTS: To provide valid Part scores applicable across all HY stages when the same items are consistently missing, one missing item from Part I, one from Part II, three from Part III, but none from Part IV can be allowed. To provide valid Part scores applicable across all HY stages when random item entries are missing, one missing item from Part I, two from Part II, seven from Part III, but none from Part IV can be allowed. The validation sample confirmed these cutoff values. CONCLUSIONS: These analyses are useful for clinical and research use to calculate valid surrogate MDS-UPDRS Part scores when missing items fall within the identified threshold and give scientific justification for rejecting partially completed ratings falling below threshold. Study Supported by: A grant from the Movement Disorder Society. The Rush Center is supported by the Parkinson9s Disease Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Goetz has received personal compensation for activities with Boston Scientific, CHDI, Centurion, ClearView, Frankel Group, and Ingenix. Dr. Goetz has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Oxford University Press, Elsevier Publish Dr. Luo has received personal compensation for activities with the University of Texas. Dr. Wang has received personal compensation for activities with the University of Texas. Dr. Tilley has received personal compensation for activities with the University of Texas School of Public Health. Dr. LaPelle has received personal compensation for activities with the University of Massachusetts Medical School as a consultant. Dr. Stebbins has nothing to disclose.
An Active Contour Algorithm for Continuous-Time Cellular Neural Networks

A CNN-based algorithm for image segmentation by active contours is proposed here. The algorithm is based on an iterative process of expansion of the contour and its subsequent thinning guided by external and internal energy. The proposed strategy allows for a high level of control over contour evolution making their topologic transformations easier. Therefore processing of multiple contours for segmenting several objects can be carried out simultaneously.
Crustal geophysics gives insight into new madrid seismic zone

The New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) is the most active seismic zone in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Frequency-magnitude relationships show that an earthquake magnitude of 6.3 or greater can be expected in this area about once every 100 years, on average [Johnston and Nava, 1985]. During the winter of 1811–1812, three earthquakes of moment magnitude near 8 devastated New Madrid, Mo., and the surrounding region. Today, if an earthquake in the magnitude 6–7 range were to strike, in addition to loss of life and injuries, residents would suffer about $3.6 billion in immediate property losses [Algermissen, 1991] and feel the pinch of a long-term economic impact.
Promoting use of colorectal cancer screening tests : Can we change physician behavior?

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is underutilized despite evidence that screening reduces mortality.
ACTIVATION OF BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES

A. Keynan (Israel Institute of Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel), Z. Evenchik, H. O. Halvorson, and J. W. Hastings. Studies on the activation of bacterial endospores. J. Bacteriol. 88:313-318. 1964.-Heat activation of bacterial endospores was imitated by suspending spores in reducing agents (mercaptoethanol or thioglycolate) or in a pH less than 4.5. Urea (6 m) had no effect on spores. In addition to the well-known activation at 65 C for 45 min, spores were also activated by exposure to 34 C for 48 hr. The activation by heat and by reducing agents was reversible; the reverse reaction was temperature-dependent. No reversion occurred at -20 C, whereas at 28 C the spores reversed to their original dormant state within 72 hr. It is suggested that the heat-activation phenomenon could be explained by assuming that heat or reducing agents change the tertiary structure of a protein responsible for the maintenance of the dormant state by reducing the disulfide linkages which stabilize the protein in a specific configuration. The partial denaturation of this protein is reversible by reoxidation of the reduced disulfide bonds.
African-American grandmother carers of children with disabilities: Predictors of depressive symptoms.

Abstract Estimates are that one in ten grandparents will take on the role of primary carer to a grandchild for at least six months before the child is age 18, including a child with a developmental delay or disability. This article reviews the current literature on grandparent caregiving with particular attention to African-American grandmother carers and discusses stressors and reports of elevated symptoms of depression among them. The demographics of a sample of 145 African-American grandmothers of children with a developmental disability are reported here as well as the result of a logistic regression analysis of a model of predictors of elevated (above a score of 16 on the CES-D) symptoms of depression. Being younger than age 60, not working outside of the home, not being married, and having no further than secondary school education, were all found to be significant predictors of elevated symptoms of depression in this sample of African-American grandmothers. Interventions for this group of carers mu...
Advances in immunoelectron microscopy.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents protocols for the preparation and immunolabeling of thin-sectioned, resin-embedded tissues. Immunoelectron microscopy allows researchers to precisely locate specific macromolecules within cells. The precise localization of a specific macromolecule, along with biochemical data, can provide detailed information about the functions of the cell. The successful application of immunoelectron microscopy depends on achieving a balance between structural preservation and retention of the antigenicity of the molecules to which the antibodies bind. The goal of immunoelectron microscopy, to localize molecules in their native site, can be realized only if two conditions are met. First, the in vivo condition of the tissue must be maintained; not only should morphology be retained but ideally ions and other small molecules would also be preserved. Second, the fixation cannot eliminate the ability of the antibody to recognize the antigen. The most widely used fixatives are the aldehydes. Glutaraldehyde, a dialdehyde, results in better cross-linking of proteins than the monoaldehyde paraformaldehyde, and thus results in better perservation of ultrastructure. However, both glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde can produce severe antigen modification that reduces protein antigenicity.
Morphological, Biochemical, and Growth Characteristics of Pseudomonas cepacia from Distilled Water

Studies were conducted on three strains of Pseudomonas cepacia isolated and maintained in distilled water and on a laboratory-subcultured strain transferred to distilled water. Optimum growth rates and maximum population yields of the four strains in distilled water were obtained at 37 C, although high population levels (106-107/ml) were reached and maintained over extended incubation periods at temperatures from 18 C to 42 C. Two strains were able to grow in distilled water at temperatures ranging from 12 C to 48 C and to survive 48 h and 21 days at 50 C and 10 C, respectively. Cells from distilled water cultures inoculated into Trypticase soy broth showed an immediate two- to three-log drop at upper and lower temperature limits; survivors were able to initiate logarithmic growth. Results obtained in morphological, biochemical, and antibiotic tests affirmed the strain differences noted in growth studies. Images
Ultra high dielectric constant epoxy silver composite for embedded capacitor application

Embedded capacitor technology can increase silicon packaging efficiency, improve electrical performance, and reduce electronic assembly cost compared with traditional discrete capacitor technology. Developing a suitable material that satisfies electrical, reliability and processing requirements is one of the major challenges of incorporating capacitors into a printed wiring board (PWB) for demanding wireless, RF portable telecommunication products. A novel epoxy-based composite with very ultra high dielectric constant (/spl epsiv//sub r//spl sim/1000) has been developed in this work. The previous record of /spl epsiv//sub r/=150 was only recently reported. To our best knowledge, this is the highest K value of the polymer-based composite ever reported. High dielectric constant is obtained by increasing the concentration of conductive filler close to but not exceed the percolation threshold within the polymer matrix. This novel ultra high K material also has low dielectric loss (<0.02), good adhesion and perfect multi-chip-module laminate (MCM-L) process compatibility. This novel composite is the perfect material candidate for the integral embedded capacitor applications for next generation electronic products.
Gradient field microscopy for label-free diagnosis of human biopsies [Invited]

We introduce a label-free method for detecting high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) in unstained biopsies. We image this condition based on the identification of basal cells in biopsies that otherwise would resemble prostate cancer by unassisted histologic examination. Gradient field microscopy (GFM) is used as a label-free imaging method which increases the contrast of a transparent sample by taking the first-order phase derivative that is very sensitive to rapid refractive index changes. GFM is able to image the basal cell layers in HGPIN biopsies because of their rapid refractive index changes at the periphery of small glandular structures.
Seeing (Transitions to) Adulthood in Youth (Sub)cultural Studies Through the Eyes of Former Straightedge Adherents

This article uses forty-four face-to-face interviews with individuals who formerly identified with straightedge—a clean-living, mostly youth-based (sub)culture—to explore the possible role chosen youth cultural identities play in adult transition, as well as extend recent work on aging and youth scenes by more deeply engaging both “subjective adulthood” and the retrospective accounts of “ex” members. Data show interviewees developing (paths to) subjective adulthoods substantially influenced by former affiliation with straightedge culture they frequently believe mark their (paths to) adulthoods fundamentally distinct from others in their age cohort. Particularly, individuals transitioning from straightedge recounted pronounced subculturally rooted antipathy toward adult conventionality, often envisioned alternative adult trajectories for themselves, discussed transitional impediments and opportunities they took to be unique to transitioning from straightedge, and, in indicating heightened awareness of adulthood's “facework,” visualized a collective of others like them inside adult social spheres by virtue of the formative bases (former) scene affiliation provided them. Ultimately, findings suggest that the study of subjective adult transition may profit from directly considering the formative influence of elective youth identities. Likewise, perhaps the most fertile grounds in the turn toward examining aging and scenes might rest in meanings individuals attach to adulthood and transitioning, even for ex-members of certain communities.
Human Relations in an Era of Rapid Technical Change

PRACTICAL MEN AND OTHERS, in the face of tremendous technological changes, usually cling tenaciously to those programs outside the realm of the material, which have been followed in the past and which may or may not be up-to-date. While the nation-has undergone revolutionary changes in science and engineering since the days of George Washington, our institutions and customs dealing with man-to-man relationships have not been greatly modified. Our ideas of the State go back to earlier and simpler times. Law in the United States is based upon ancient and medieval practices-upon Roman law and the early English common law. This epoch, notable for mechanization and specialization, is producing specialized workers in shop and in office who are accustomed to monotony, who feel that life begins when the working day ends, and, except for a restless few, who are patient and frustrated men and women.
Jet-cooled spectroscopy of the α-methylbenzyl radical: probing the state-dependent effects of methyl rocking against a radical site.

The state-dependent spectroscopy of α-methylbenzyl radical (α-MeBz) has been studied under jet-cooled conditions. Two-color resonant two-photon ionization (2C-R2PI), laser-induced fluorescence, and dispersed fluorescence spectra were obtained for the D0–D1 electronic transition of this prototypical resonance-stabilized radical in which the methyl group is immediately adjacent to the primary radical site. Extensive Franck–Condon activity in hindered rotor levels was observed in the excitation spectrum, reflecting a reorientation of the methyl group upon electronic excitation. Dispersed fluorescence spectra from the set of internal rotor levels are combined with the excitation spectrum to obtain a global fit of the barrier heights and angular change of the methyl group in both D0 and D1 states. The best-fit methyl rotor potential in the ground electronic state (D0) is a flat-topped 3-fold potential (V3″ = 151 cm–1, V6″ = 34 cm–1) while the D1 state has a lower barrier (V3′ = 72 cm–1, V6′ = 15 cm–1) with Δφ ...
THE BOLTZMANN EQUATION IS A RENORMALIZATION GROUP EQUATION

It is known that renormalization group (RG) approaches to partial differential equations give reduced equations, e.g., amplitude equations, as renormalization group equations. Therefore, equations governing slow or global behaviors ought to be derived RG-theoretically. Kinetic equations are slow motion equations from the microscopic dynamics point of view. We demonstrate that kinetic equations are RG equations as expected.
Measurement of in vivo Oxidation and Reduction by the Controlled Potential Method

Abstract The development of the controlled potential method for studying vivo redox reactions is described by showing some of the results of its first application to photosynthetic systems. Phototrap activity was shown to be operative only within the potential range from −0.I to + 0.5 V in R. rubrum and R. Spheroides. New results obtained by applying the technique to a complex enzymatic system, photophosphorylation, have shown that this activity is shut off at lower potential in parallel to shutting off phototrap activity. Optimal activity was found near o V while the activity was again totally quenched at higher potential with a midpoint of 0.30 V. This latter transition may reflect a component at the coupling site for electron transport and phosphorylation. A consideration of the possible effect of conformational changes on U′o values is given and valid usage of the controlled potential method is underscored.
The Mechanism of Conservative Site-Specific Recombination

Cet article de synthese decrit brievement les roles biologiques varies de la recombinaison site-specifique conservative (RSSC) et decrit plus particulierement les proteines et les composantes de l'ADN des systemes RSSC et les mecanismes de recombinaison
Introduction to special section: mental retardation and mental illness.

Historically, the perceived relation between mental illness and mental retardation has undergone substantial changes. During the past 2 centuries, clinical observations and systematic research addressing these 2 constructs have developed along separate lines. Consequently, the pathogenesis and treatment of psychopathology, emotional disorders, and behavior problems experienced by individuals with mental retardation have not been the purview of mainstream clinical psychology. This article initiates a special section on mental retardation and mental illness to provide up-to-date summaries of various key clinical and research issues regarding this population (i.e., individuals with "dual diagnoses").
Coping with stress as a theme in teaching psychopathology to medical students.

In an era when non-psychiatric physicians are increasingly aware of their need for at least a rudimentary knowledge of psychology, medical schools are making belated attempts to remedy the situation. The effort described here succeeded because “the students did not seem to view the course as one about ‘crazy people.’ Thus, they did not distance themselves from the course material and patients.... One student said, ‘This was a course about everybody—about what people have to do to live in the world.’”
Transmission Electron Microscopy of Interfacial Areas in Metal-Matrix Composites*

Microtechniques of selected-area transmission electron microscopy have been developed for the study of interfacial areas in a high- strength aluminum alloy reinforced with stainless-steel wires. The specimen-preparation procedures are described and the conditions necessary for the successful production of useful areas of trans mission progressively nearer the interface in the composite foils are discussed. Dislocation arrangements in the aluminum alloy matrix of a composite subjected to fatigue loading have been ob served as a function of the distance from the filament-matrix interface. The dislocation density was not appreciably affected by the presence of the filament-matrix interface to within 25 microns of the interface. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of such studies to the development of improved design criteria through a better understanding of the micromechanisms of com posite behavior.
Observations of the morphology and sublimation-induced changes in uncoated snow using scanning electron microscopy.

The morphology of a fresh-snow specimen and the sublimation-induced structural changes in an individual snow crystal were examined using a high-vacuum scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a cryo system. The snow specimen was collected during a snowfall in Hanover, NH, USA, and was initially maintained at liquid nitrogen temperature in order to prevent any structural changes. Without coating, snow crystals can sublimate in the SEM chamber at a rate that is mainly determined by the temperature of the specimen. After the initial morphology was examined at − 180 °C, sublimation was initiated by slowly increasing the stage temperature, and changes in morphology were recorded by taking images of an individual snow crystal intermittently and recording the temperatures and times. Severe morphological destructions due to sublimation occurred at around − 150 °C. This approach allowed us to closely observe both the initial morphology and the structural changes in snow crystals as they underwent sublimation, a significant process during snow metamorphism. These observations also serve as a reference for temperature selection in the study of uncoated snow with a similar morphology using a high-vacuum SEM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Stern Art Library

The books in the Stern Library donated to the Library cover an extraordinary range of nineteenth- and twentieth-century painting, graphics, and sculpture, principally, of course, French art in which Mr. Stern's collection was strongest.
Derivative of the hard-sphere radial distribution function at contact.

A simple and accurate formula for the first derivative of the hard-sphere radial distribution function at contact as a function of density is proposed, suggested by the solution of the Percus-Yevick equation for a fluid of hard spheres.
The subsumption lattice and query learning

The paper identifies several new properties of the lattice induced by the subsumption relation over first-order clauses and derives implications of these for learnability. In particular, it is shown that the length of subsumption chains of function free clauses with bounded size can be exponential in the size. This suggests that simple algorithmic approaches that rely on repeating minimal subsumption-based refinements may require a long time to converge. It is also shown that with bounded size clauses the subsumption lattice has a large branching factor. This is used to show that the class of first-order length-bounded monotone clauses is not properly learnable from membership queries alone. Finally, the paper studies pairing, a generalization operation that takes two clauses and returns a number of possible generalizations. It is shown that there are clauses with an exponential number of pairing results which are not related to each other by subsumption. This is used to show that recent pairing-based algorithms can make exponentially many queries on some learning problems.
Detection of Phytophthora nicotianae and P. palmivora in citrus roots using PCR-RFLP in comparison with other methods

Phytophthora nicotianae and P. palmivora are the most important soil-borne pathogens of citrus in Florida. These two species were detected and identified in singly and doubly infected plants using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. The sensitivity of the PCR-RFLP was analyzed and the usefulness of the method evaluated as an alternative or supplement to serological methods and recovery on semi-selective medium. In a semi-nested PCR with universal primers ITS4 and ITS6, the detection limit was 1 fg of fungal DNA, which made it 1000× more sensitive than a single-step PCR with primers ITS4 and DC6. The sensitivity of detection for P. nicotianae was shown to be ten-fold lower than for P. palmivora, limiting its detection with restriction profiles in plants infected by both fungal species. Phytophthora nicotianae was detected with species-specific primers in all samples inoculated with this species despite the absence of species-specific patterns in RFLP. In contrast, the incidence of detection of P. palmivora in the presence of P. nicotianae was considerably lower using plating and morphological detection methods. Due to its high sensitivity, PCR amplification of ribosomal ITS regions is a valuable tool for detecting and identifying Phytophthora spp. in citrus roots, provided a thorough knowledge of reaction conditions for the target species is established prior to the interpretation of data.
Separable Dynamic Programming and Approximate Decomposition Methods

We consider control, planning, and resource allocation problems involving several independent subsystems that are coupled through a control/decision constraint. We discuss one-step lookahead methods that use an approximate cost-to-go function derived from the solution of single subsystem problems. We propose a new method for constructing such approximations, and derive bounds on the performance of the associated suboptimal policies. We then specialize this method to problems of reachability of target tubes that have the form of a box (a Cartesian product of subsystem tubes). We thus obtain inner approximating tubes, which are the union of a finite number of boxes, each involving single subsystem calculations
Implementation of mixture design for formulation of albumin containing enteric-coated spray-dried microparticles.

Context: Oral delivery of proteins has been a challenging as well as rapidly developing field.Objective: To implement mixture design of experiment to develop enteric-coated microparticles containing bovine serum albumin.Materials and methods: Microparticles were prepared using Buchi Spray Dryer 191. Simplex lattice mixture design computed using JMP software was implemented to compare the gastric protection rendered by Eudragit FS30D, Eudragit L100-55, and Eudragit S100 in microparticulate form. Further, an extreme vertices mixture design was used to incorporate hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) Chitosan in the formulation to delay the release. Microparticle recovery yield and protein content in microparticles were evaluated.Results and discussions: The design was statistically significant with Eudragit S100 resulting in protein release of < 5% in acidic buffer. The selected optimal formulation had 70% of Eudragit S, 25% HPMC, and 5% Chitosan. The release profiles of protein from Eudragit S alone and al...
The Stimulation of Lactase by Feeding Lactose

Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were given increasing doses of lactose over a seven-week period. The mid-jejunum was selected for disaccharidase analysis at a pH of 6.0. Lactase and cellobiase activity were stimulated significantly by total mean-paired analysis. While sucrase and maltase tended to increase. there was no statistically significant change.
The Role of Epistemic Cognition in Adolescent Identity Formation: Further Evidence

Following Boyes and Chandler (1992), it is investigated how adolescents’ epistemic understanding relates to the process of identity formation. In a cross-sectional as well as longitudinal study, identity status scores of diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium and identity achievement as assessed by the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status were analyzed as a function of adolescents’ epistemic stance, while simultaneously taking into account individual differences in identity processing styles. The cross-sectional sample was composed of 200 German adolescents from Grades 7, 9, 11, and 13 (mean age: 16.2 years, SD = 2.41). The longitudinal study consisted of 134 participants (mean age at retest: 16.5 years, SD = 1.7) and covered a time interval of 18 months. Findings confirmed the view that the development of epistemic cognition contributes to adolescent identity formation. Specifically, the development of a multiplistic epistemic stance predicted higher moratorium scores, whereas the more advanced evaluativist epistemic position contributed to identity achievement over time. These effects were not due to individual differences in identity processing style.