cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Traffic Pattern Prediction and Performance Investigation for Cognitive Radio Systems

In this paper, we propose a technique for predicting the traffic pattern of primary users in cognitive radio systems. Cognitive radios enable sharing the frequency bands that are licensed to primary users. By forecasting the traffic pattern of primary users, secondary users can estimate the utilization of frequency bands and select one for radio transmission to reduce the frequency hopping rate (the rate of switching from one frequency band to another) and the interference effects, while maintaining a reasonable blocking rate. In this work, we propose an algorithm for the prediction of call arrival rate which exploits the periodicity of the traffic process. In addition, we present an approach for call holding time estimation. The results are incorporated to evaluate the probability of the availability of a frequency band within a time period. Setting a threshold on this probability maintains a tradeoff between the blocking rate of secondary users, interference effects on primary users and spectrum efficiency. Simulations are conducted to investigate the performance of cognitive radio systems with and without traffic prediction.
Commentary: pediatric psychologist as investigator in primary care.

In 1978, Regier, Goldberg, and Taube (1978) published convincing evidence that the majority of persons in the United States with mental disorders were seen not by mental health specialists but by primary care clinicians. They labeled primary care the “de facto” mental health system in the United States and noted that children and elderly persons were even more likely than adults to be treated solely in the primary care sector.
Two Drosophila suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) differentially regulate JAK and EGFR pathway activities

The Janus kinase (JAK) cascade is an essential and well-conserved pathway required to transduce signals for a variety of ligands in both vertebrates and invertebrates. While activation of the pathway is essential to many processes, mutations from mammals and Drosophila demonstrate that regulation is also critical. The SOCS (S uppressor O f C ytokine S ignaling) proteins in mammals are regulators of the JAK pathway that participate in a negative feedback loop, as they are transcriptionally activated by JAK signaling. Examination of one Drosophila SOCS homologue, Socs36E, demonstrated that its expression is responsive to JAK pathway activity and it is capable of downregulating JAK signaling, similar to the well characterized mammalian SOCS. Based on sequence analysis of the Drosophila genome, there are three identifiable SOCS homologues in flies. All three are most similar to mammalian SOCS that have not been extensively characterized: Socs36E is most similar to mammalian SOCS5, while Socs44A and Socs16D are most similar to mammalian SOCS6 and 7. Although Socs44A is capable of repressing JAK activity in some tissues, its expression is not regulated by the pathway. Furthermore, Socs44A can enhance the activity of the EGFR/MAPK signaling cascade, in contrast to Socs36E. Two Drosophila SOCS proteins have some overlapping and some distinct capabilities. While Socs36E behaves similarly to the canonical vertebrate SOCS, Socs44A is not part of a JAK pathway negative feedback loop. Nonetheless, both SOCS regulate JAK and EGFR signaling pathways, albeit differently. The non-canonical properties of Socs44A may be representative of the class of less characterized vertebrate SOCS with which it shares greatest similarity.
Spatial and seasonal variability of photosynthetic parameters and their relationship to leaf nitrogen in a deciduous forest.

We used gas exchange techniques to estimate maximum rate of carboxylation (V cmax ), a measure of photosynthetic capacity, in the understory and upper crown of a closed deciduous forest over two seasons. There was extensive variability in photosynthetic capacity as a result of vertical canopy position, species type, leaf age and drought. Photosynthetic capacity was greater in oaks than in maples and greater in the overstory than in the understory. Parameter V cmax was maximal early in the season but declined slowly throughout most of the summer, and then more rapidly during senescence. There was also an apparent decline during drought in some trees. Variability in V cmax as a result of species or vertical canopy gradients was described well by changes in leaf nitrogen per unit area (N a ). However, temporal changes in V cmax were often poorly correlated with leaf nitrogen, especially in spring and summer and during drought. This poor correlation may be the result of a seasonally dependent fractional allocation of leaf nitrogen to Rubisco; however, we could not discount Rubisco inactivation, patchy stomatal closure or changes in mesophyll resistance. Consequently, when a single annual regression equation of V cmax versus N a was used for this site, there were substantial errors in the temporal patterns in V cmax that will inevitably result in modeling errors.
AVICENNA'S THEORY OF PRIMARY MIXTURE

Ancient Peripatetics and Neoplatonists had great difficulty coming up with a consistent, interpretatively reasonable, and empirically adequate Aristotelian theory of complete mixture or complexion. I explain some of the main problems, with special attention to authors with whom Avicenna was familiar. I then show how Avicenna used a new doctrine of the occultness of substantial form (whose roots are found in Alfarabi) to address these problems. The result was in some respects an improvement, but it also gave rise to a new set of problems, which were later to prove fateful in the history of early modern philosophy.
A Study of the Chemical of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Remade Milk

Summary A study of the physical and chemical properties of milk remade from three types of whole milk powder and reconstructed skim milk powder and butter led to the following results: Remade milk shows the freezing point of fresh milk when made with the proper proportions of powder and water. For the drum process powder this was found to be 10.6 per cent powder, for the centrifugal spray 12.8 per cent powder, for the pressure spray 12.5 per cent powder, and for the reconstructed milk, 9.16 per cent powder and 4.16 per cent butter. The specific gravity of the remade milks was found to lie within the limits of variation of fresh milk when made up in the proportions which give a normal freezing point. The viscosity of the remade milks was higher than normal. This was especially true of milk remade from the drum process powder. The specific electrical conductivity of each type of milk except the drum process was normal when the milks were made up in the proportions which gave a normal freezing point. The drum process milk exhibited a high conductivity which may have been due to the fact that this powder is made from partially skimmed milk. The milk made from the centrifugal spray powder was the only one which gave a normal cream layer on standing. The milk made from the centrifugal spray powder showed no deficiency of soluble proteins, but the soluble protein content of the other milks was less than normal. This was especially true of the milk made by the drum method. The drum process milk and the reconstructed milk failed to coagulate with rennet. The spray process milks showed a rennet coagulability and character of curd somewhat like that of pasteurized milk, the centrifugal spray milk being the nearest to the pasteurized milk in this regard. At a low concentration of added acid and alkali all the remade milks showed less buffer than normal milk in terms of pH. Peroxidase was absent from the drum process milk, but was strongly active for the other remade milks examined.
Role of AVP in pressor responses during activation of central TxA2/PGH2 receptors.

Administration of thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2(TxA2/PGH2)-receptor agonist U-46619 (2.86 nmol/kg iv) to conscious rats increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 17 ± 2 mmHg (n = 6;P < 0.001) and...
Reduction of Mitotic Activity in Pinna Epidermis of Mice Given Cortisol or 9α-fluorocortisol.

SummaryMitotic activity in pinna epidermis of male ZBC mice was studied under environmental conditions standardized for evaluation of 24-hour periodicity, during the period of day of relatively high mitotic activity. Under these circumstances, antimitotic effects, exerted apparently during interphase, were noted for hydrocortisone and for 9α-flu-orohydrocortisone. The latter compound had more than 10 times the antimitotic potency of the former.
Research of Hydropower Management Information System based on Mobile Platform

In this paper,a design of hydropower MIS based on platform is proposed for the needs of mobile office.First,a brief summary of mobile application status is given,on which the design principles and objectives of hydropower MIS is expounded.Secondly,the overall design of the MIS is stated,including architecture,security and cross-platform consistency desiga Then,the relationship between the MIS deployment and the existing hydropower applications is described.Finally,the features and advantages of the system design are generalized.
When To Hospitalize the Pneumonia Patient

Far too many pneumonia patients are now being treated at home who need the diagnostic and treatment resources available only in the hospital setting. Dr. Hoeprich calls for the admission of all patients with bacterial pneumonias and of many of those with other types as well. The necessity for accurate etiologic diagnosis as gram-negative pathogens become more prevalent and the possibility of bacteremic shock are prime considerations.
Indiana Bicentennial: Archives from Oldest College, Oldest City, Join Indiana Memory

In celebration of Indiana’s Bicentennial, three rare and fragile collections pertaining to early Indiana history and housed at Vincennes University’s Byron R. Lewis Historical Library have been digitized and are being made available at the Indiana Memory site. The collections are early (1806-) Board of Trustees Minutes of Indiana’s first college, Vincennes University; correspondence in French and English of early Vincennes land office register John Badollet and his family (1780-1878), and Knox County Commissioners Records (1814-1820). The project is titled Indiana Bicentennial: Archives from Oldest College, Oldest City.
Effect of cooking method on consumer acceptance and composition of hot-processed pork loins

The objectives were to determine consumer acceptance of hot-processed, precooked, low-sodium pork loin chops and to determine the most effective precooking method
An artificial immune system for fault tolerant control of an over-actuated rover

This paper addresses the use of a subset of genetic algorithms, an artificial immune system, to increase the responsiveness and accuracy of fault tolerant control in an over-actuated vehicle. These algorithms allow both inexact a priori to be easily incorporated into a model to represent the vehicle even within dynamic fault states.
Correlation between clot density and recanalization success or stroke etiology in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Background Predicting recanalization success for patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke is of significant interest. Studies have previously correlated the success of recanalization with the density of the clot. We evaluated clot density and its relationship to revascularization success and stroke etiology. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 118 patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Mean and maximum thrombus density was measured by drawing a circular region of interest on an axial slice of a non-contrast computed tomography scan. T-tests were used to compare clot density to recanalization success or to stroke etiology, namely large artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolism. Recanalization success was compared in four device groups: aspiration, stent retriever, aspiration and stent retriever, and all other. Results There was no significant difference in the mean clot density in patients with successful ( n = 80) versus unsuccessful recanalization ( n = 38, 50.1 ± 7.4 Hounsfield unit (HU) vs. 53 ± 12.7 HU; P = 0.17). Comparing the large artery thromboembolism ( n = 35) to the cardioembolic etiology group ( n = 56), there was no significant difference in mean clot density (51.5 ± 7.7 HU vs. 49.7 ± 8.5 HU; P = 0.31). A subgroup analysis of middle cerebral artery occlusions ( n = 65) showed similar, non-statistically significant differences between groups. There was no difference in the rate of recanalization success in patients with a mean clot density greater than 50 HU or less than 50 HU in each of the four device groups. Conclusions There was no relationship between clot density and revascularization success or stroke etiology in our study. More research is needed to determine if clot density can predict recanalization rates or indicate etiology.
KLF2 in Regulation of NF-κB-Mediated Immune Cell Function and Inflammation

KLF2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) is a member of the zinc finger transcription factor family, which critically regulates embryonic lung development, function of endothelial cells and maintenance of quiescence in T-cells and monocytes. It is expressed in naive T-cells and monocytes, however its level of expression decreases during activation and differentiation. KLF2 also plays critical regulatory role in various inflammatory diseases and their pathogenesis. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is an important inducer of inflammation and the inflammation is mediated through the transcription of several proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules. So, both transcriptional factors KLF2 and NF-κB are being associated with the similar cellular functions and their maintenance. It was shown that KLF2 regulates most of the NF-κB-mediated activities. In this review, we focused on emphasizing the involvement of KLF2 in health and disease states and how they interact with transcriptional master regulator NF-κB.
Neuroanatomical Distribution of DEK Protein in Corticolimbic Circuits Associated with Learning and Memory in Adult Male and Female Mice

DEK, a chromatin-remodeling gene expressed in most human tissues, is known for its role in cancer biology and autoimmune diseases. DEK depletion in vitro reduces cellular proliferation, induces DNA damage subsequently leading to apoptosis, and down-regulates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a molecular pathway essential for learning and memory. Despite a recognized role in cancer (non-neuronal) cells, DEK expression and function is not well characterized in the central nervous system. We conducted a gene ontology analysis (ToppGene), using a cancer database to identify genes associated with DEK deficiency, which pinpointed several genes associated with cognitive-related diseases (i.e., Alzheimer’s disease, presenile dementia). Based on this information, we examined DEK expression in corticolimbic structures associated with learning and memory in adult male and female mice using immunohistochemistry. DEK was expressed throughout the brain in both sexes, including the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic, infralimbic and dorsal peduncular). DEK was also abundant in all amygdalar subdivisions (basolateral, central and medial) and in the hippocampus including the CA1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG), ventral subiculum and entorhinal cortex. Of note, compared to males, females had significantly higher DEK immunoreactivity in the CA1, indicating a sex difference in this region. DEK was co-expressed with neuronal and microglial markers in the CA1 and DG, whereas only a small percentage of DEK cells were in apposition to astrocytes in these areas. Given the reported inverse cellular and molecular profiles (e.g., cell survival, Wnt pathway) between cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, these findings suggest a potentially important role of DEK in cognition.
Imaging of Intestinal Transplantation

The intestine is the least common organ transplanted. It may be transplanted alone as an isolated intestinal transplant, en bloc with the liver, or as a multivisceral graft with the liver that may include any combination of the intestine with the liver and stomach, pancreas, spleen, kidney, or colon. Radiologic assessment of patients with isolated intestinal or multivisceral transplants includes preoperative assessment of transplant candidates and the postoperative evaluation of complications. This chapter reviews the indications, surgical anatomy, radiologic evaluation of transplant candidates, and imaging of postoperative complications.
Patriots under Pressure: The Influence of Social Norms on American Muslim Patriotism

Recent events have drawn attention to Muslim Americans, in particular whether Islam is compatible with American values. Muslim Americans’ fidelity to the U.S. in particular has been called into question. Drawing on a national survey-experiment of Muslim Americans, we explore the impact of social norms on Muslim Americans’ patriotism. We examine the impact of social norms of the “narrow” in-group as well as of mainstream American society. The evidence suggests participants became more patriotic and supportive of government in response to patriotic norms among both Muslim Americans and Americans in general. However, participants did not become less patriotic in response to norms suggestive of widespread alienation. Furthermore, participants who were registered to vote were most responsive to patriotic social norms among Americans in general, suggesting that political incorporation encourages acculturation. These findings suggest that Muslim Americans do not identify as Muslims, then Americans, but instead as Muslims and Americans.
Technology, Time and Urban Space: Implications for Recombinant Design of Digital Places and Networks

The quality of urban life is fundamentally affected by the changes brought about by time, including its impact on space. Europe has taken a particularly strong role in explicitly addressing the issues of spatial management (ESDP, 1999). In the United States, spatial management has followed under the general rubric of land use management and more recently “smart growth”.
Structural and dynamic properties of a fluorouracil-adenine base pair in DNA studied by proton NMR.

An oligodeoxynucleotide duplex containing the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (FU) has been constructed by solid phase phosphotriester synthesis and has been studied in solution by proton NMR. In this study, we provide the first structural characterization of a DNA complex containing a FU.A base pair. It has been determined that the 7-mer duplex containing a central FU.A base pair adopts a normal right-handed configuration and the A residue in the FU.A pair is oriented in the normal anticonfiguration giving a Watson-Crick base pair. The significant difference between T.A and FU.A base pairs is dynamic, not structural: the FU.A base pair opens faster than normal base pairs in the oligonucleotide studied. We provide evidence that the FU.A base pair has a significantly enhanced opening rate resulting form decreased stacking of the 5-fluorouracil residue and not from the enhanced acidity of the 5'-fluorouracil imino proton.
Hepatic injury after treatment for childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort study.

10567Background: We assessed hepatic injury (HI) in a large cohort of childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Methods: We measured aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 2...
The Role of Flexural Slip during the Development of Multilayer Chevron Folds

Abstract Flexural slip has long been recognized as a crucial mechanism during the development of chevron folds and a conceptual understanding of its role has been presented by analogue and kinematic models and field studies. This study uses 2D finite element analysis to provide a thorough quantitative evaluation of flexural slip based on buckling of effective single layers1 and true multilayers1. The analysis of the results describes the spatial and temporal evolution of flexural slip and documents the resulting fold shapes. The results show that effective single layer buckle folds amplifying the dominant wavelength, λd, do not result in chevron folds in any of the situations considered - varying initial perturbation, viscosity contrast and friction coefficient. Slip initiates early, and a transition from sinusoidal or parabolic to box folds is common. Reducing the amplified wavelength (~10% of λd), results in systematic chevron folds. For true multilayer buckle folds, systematic chevron folds featuring hinge collapse develop regardless of the initial perturbation used. The ratio of incompetent to competent layer thickness, s/h, is a crucial parameter: for s/h > 1, flow dominates and slip is not initiated; for s/h 53°) and that sinusoidal or parabolic folds nearly “instantaneously” change shape to chevron folds during a short period of slip initiation and termination, thus confirming the phenomenon of limb lock up. For models incorporating permeability contrasts, the development of deformation induced overpressure leads to an earlier initiation of flexural slip.
Tutorial on Stochastic Computing

This chapter offers a pedagogical introduction to stochastic computing for those who may be new to the subject or require a refresher on the basic concepts. The level of presentation is suitable for graduate students or advanced undergraduates as well as for professionals in the field.
Progress in Light Emission from Silicon Nanostructures

The many and diverse approaches to materials science problems have greatly enhanced our ability in recent times to engineer the physical properties of semiconductors. Silicon, of all semiconductors, underpins nearly all microelectronics today and will continue to do so for some time to come. However, in optoelectronics, the severe disadvantage of an indirect band gap has limited the application of elemental silicon. Here we review a number of diverse approaches to engineering efficient light emission in silicon nanostructures. These different approaches are placed in context and their prospects for application in silicon-based optoelectronics are assessed.
Acquisition profitability and firm disclosure

This study examines the association between acquisition profitability and firm disclosure. Using a large sample of acquisitions over the period 1998-2008, this study provides evidence of a positive association between the profitability of acquisitions and firm disclosure prior to the acquisition. Specifically, firms issuing voluntary management earnings forecast more frequently prior to the acquisition announcement are associated with more profitable acquisitions. These findings suggest that disclosure can serve as a monitoring function towards encouraging managers to make corporate investment decisions that increase shareholder value.
CHEMOTHERAPY RESPONSIVE APICAL LEFT VENTRICULAR METASTASIS FROM RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

Cardiac metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is very rare. An understanding of the natural history of the impact of mRCC tumors to the left ventricle is incomplete. We report a case of mRCC to the left ventricular (LV) apex with a review of literature. 67 year old man with a headache was
MARU: Meta-context Aware Random Walks for Heterogeneous Network Representation Learning

Information networks, such as social and citation networks, are ubiquitous in the real world so that network analysis plays an important role in data mining and knowledge discovery. To alleviate the sparsity problem of network analysis, it is common to capture the network semantics by projecting nodes onto a vector space as network embeddings. Moreover, random walks are usually exploited to efficiently learn node embeddings and preserve network proximity. In addition to proximity structure, heterogeneous networks have more knowledge about the types of nodes. However, to profit from heterogeneous knowledge, most of the existing approaches guide the random walks through predefined meta-paths or specific strategies, which can distort the understanding of network structures. Furthermore, traditional random walk-based approaches much favor the nodes with higher degrees while other nodes are equivalently important for the downstream applications. In this paper, we propose Meta-context Aware Random Walks (MARU) to overcome these challenges, thereby learning richer and more unbiased representations for heterogeneous networks. To reduce the bias in classical random walks, the algorithm of bidirectional extended random walks is introduced to improve the fairness of representation learning. Based on the enhanced random walks, the meta-context aware skip-gram model is then presented to learn robust network embeddings with dynamic meta-contexts. Therefore, MARU can not only fairly understand the overall network structures but also leverage the sophisticated heterogeneous knowledge in the networks. Extensive experiments have been conducted on three real-world large-scale publicly available datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that MARU significantly outperforms state-of-the-art heterogeneous network embedding methods across three general machine learning tasks, including multi-label node classification, node clustering, and link prediction.
Outcomes of Carotid Artery Replacement With Total Arch Reconstruction for Type A Aortic Dissection.

Background Cerebral malperfusion and carotid artery dissection in patients with acute type A aortic dissections (TAAD) carry high morbidity and mortality. There are limited data on outcomes of concomitant carotid artery replacement with total arch replacement in the setting of TAAD. Methods All patients with acute TAAD who underwent a total arch replacement between 2007 and 2018 were included. Data were retrospectively collected from a prospectively maintained database. Baselines variables were compared, and Kaplan-Meier estimates were used for long-term survival. Cox multivariable regression analysis was used to identify predictors of mortality. Results A total of 161 patients underwent total arch replacement for acute TAAD. Of these, 111 underwent conventional total arch reconstruction, and 50 had a concomitant carotid artery replacement. Baseline characteristics were similar between both cohorts apart from the carotid replacement cohort having a higher rate of preoperative cerebral malperfusion (48% vs 10.81%, P Conclusions Concomitant carotid artery replacement is a feasible and safe technique to address perioperative cerebral malperfusion, carotid dissection, and neurologic dysfunction associated with carotid artery dissection, with no difference in long-term survival or postoperative stroke when compared with conventional total arch replacement.
IMIX: a multivariate mixture model approach to association analysis through multi-omics data integration

MOTIVATION Integrative genomic analysis is a powerful tool used to study the biological mechanisms underlying a complex disease or trait across multiplatform high-dimensional data, such as DNA methylation, copy number variation and gene expression. It is common to perform large-scale genome-wide association analysis of an outcome for each data type separately and combine the results ad hoc, leading to loss of statistical power and uncontrolled overall false discovery rate (FDR). RESULTS We propose a multivariate mixture model (IMIX) framework that integrates multiple types of genomic data and allows modeling of inter-data-type correlations. We investigated the across-data-type FDR control in IMIX and demonstrated lower misclassification rates at controlled overall FDR than established individual data type analysis strategies, such as the Benjamini-Hochberg FDR control, the q-value and the local FDR control by extensive simulations. IMIX features statistically principled model selection, FDR control and computational efficiency. Applications to The Cancer Genome Atlas data provided novel multi-omics insights into the genes and mechanisms associated with the luminal and basal subtypes of bladder cancer and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. AVAILABILITYAND IMPLEMENTATION We have implemented our method in R package 'IMIX' available at https://github.com/ziqiaow/IMIX, as well as CRAN soon. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty as Factors Related to Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

There is a growing recognition that separation anxiety can occur in adults as reflected in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Yet adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) remains understudied. In particular, it is unclear to what extent the processes that contribute to other forms of anxiety may also be relevant to ASAD symptoms. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the fear of arousal-related sensations and intolerance of uncertainty (IU), the dispositional tendency to fear the unknown, are frequently considered transdiagnostic contributing factors for pathological anxiety, but little work has studied these factors in relation to ASAD in particular. We administered measures of ASAD symptoms, IU, and AS, as well as trait anxiety to a sample of community adults (n = 761) recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Both AS and IU incrementally contributed to the concurrent prediction of ASAD symptoms controlling for demographic variables, trait anxiety, and one another. Although replication in a clinical sample is needed, IU and AS both warrant attention as potential contributing factors to ASAD symptoms. Targeting these processes might improve cognitive-behavioral treatments for ASAD.
Functional similarity, not phylogenetic relatedness, predicts the relative strength of competition

Predicting the outcome and strength of species interactions is a central goal of community ecology. Researchers have proposed that outcomes of species interactions (competitive exclusion and coexistence) are a function of both phylogenetic relatedness and functional similarity. Studies relating phylogenetic distance to competition strength have shown conflicting results. Work investigating the role of phylogenetic relatedness and functional similarity in driving competitive outcomes has been limited in terms of the breadth of taxa and ecological contexts examined, which makes the generality of these studies unclear. Consequently, we gathered 1,748 pairwise competition effect sizes from 269 species and 424 unique species pairs with divergence times ranging from 1.14 to 1,275 million years and used meta-regression and model selection approaches to investigate the importance of phylogenetic relatedness and functional similarity to competition across ecological contexts. We revealed that functional similarity, but not phylogenetic relatedness, predicted the relative strength of interspecific competition (defined as the strength of interspecific competition relative to intraspecific competition). Further, we found that the presence of predators, certain habitats, increasing density of competitors, and decreasing spatial grain of experiments were all associated with more intense interspecific competition relative to intraspecific competition. Our results demonstrate that functional similarity, not phylogenetic relatedness, may explain patterns of competition-associated community assembly, highlighting the value of trait-based approaches in clarifying biotic assembly dynamics.
CD40 Expressed in Endothelial Cells Promotes Upregulation of ICAM-1 But Not Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, NOS2 and P2X7 in the Diabetic Retina.

Purpose CD40 is an upstream inducer of inflammation in the diabetic retina. CD40 is upregulated in retinal endothelial cells in diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of CD40 in endothelial cells is sufficient to promote inflammatory responses in the retina of diabetic mice. Methods Transgenic mice with CD40 expression restricted to endothelial cells (Trg-CD40 EC), transgenic control mice (Trg-Ctr), B6, and CD40-/- mice were made diabetic using streptozotocin. Leukostasis was assessed using FITC-conjugated ConA. Pro-inflammatory molecule expression was examined by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, or flow cytometry. Release of ATP was assessed by ATP bioluminescence. Results Diabetic B6 and Trg-CD40 EC mice exhibited increased retinal mRNA levels of ICAM-1, higher ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells, and increased leukostasis. These responses were not detected in diabetic mice that lacked CD40 (CD40-/- and Trg-Ctr). Diabetic B6 but not Trg-CD40 EC mice upregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and NOS2 mRNA levels. CD40 stimulation in retinal endothelial cells upregulated ICAM-1 but not TNF-α, IL-1β, or NOS2. CD40 ligation did not trigger ATP release by retinal endothelial cells or pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bystander myeloid cells. In contrast to diabetic B6 mice, diabetic Trg-CD40 EC mice did not upregulate P2X7 mRNA levels in the retina. Conclusions Endothelial cell CD40 promotes ICAM-1 upregulation and leukostasis. In contrast, endothelial cell CD40 does not lead to pro-inflammatory cytokine and NOS2 upregulation likely because it does not activate purinergic-mediated pro-inflammatory molecule expression by myeloid cells or induce expression of these pro-inflammatory molecules in endothelial cells.
Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are an ancient and highly successful group of viruses that have co-evolved with their host to replicate in specific anatomical niches of the stratified epithelia. They replicate persistently in dividing cells, hijack key host cellular processes to manipulate the cellular environment and escape immune detection, and produce virions in terminally differentiated cells that are shed from the host. Some HPVs cause benign, proliferative lesions on the skin and mucosa, and others are associated with the development of cancer. However, most HPVs cause infections that are asymptomatic and inapparent unless the immune system becomes compromised. To date, the genomes of almost 450 distinct HPV types have been isolated and sequenced. In this Review, I explore the diversity, evolution, infectious cycle, host interactions and disease association of HPVs. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a diverse group of viruses that replicate in specific anatomical niches of the stratified epithelia. Most HPVs cause asymptomatic infections, some cause benign, proliferative lesions on the skin and mucosa, and others are associated with the development of cancer. In this Review, McBride explores the diversity, evolution, infectious cycle, host interactions and disease association of HPVs.
The Role of Salivary Neuropeptides in Pediatrics: Potential Biomarkers for Integrated Therapies.

Abstract Introduction Objective measures of symptom response to integrated complementary approaches in pediatrics are evolving. The purpose of this study was to document the concentration range of salivary neuropeptides in healthy controls and in children with cancer, to explore correlations between serum and salivary measurements for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and to determine whether there is a change in these salivary neuropeptide levels in response to integrated mind-body therapies. Methods A non-randomized pragmatic study with three phases: Phase 1–healthy control saliva–10 healthy controls provided saliva samples; Phase 2–cancer diagnosis serum–saliva–16 mixed-type cancer patients provided blood and saliva samples; Phase 3–acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) saliva intervention–12 patients with ALL provided pre- and post-complementary intervention saliva samples. Interventions: 20 min of structured touch or scripted relaxation breathing were administered to patients in Phase 3; Phase 1 and 2 patients did not receive this intervention. Outcome Measures: cortisol, CGRP, VIP, Sate-Trait Anxiety Inventory, visual analogue scale, vital signs. Results Salivary CGRP and VIP were similar for children in Phases 1 and 2. There was a correlation between serum and salivary VIP in the mixed cancer group, though not between serum and salivary CGRP. In Phase 3 children, following a complementary intervention, salivary CGRP, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure decreased. Conclusions These data provide evidence of a decrease in sympathetic output after integrative/complementary therapy intervention in children with cancer. The study underscores the potential role of salivary neuropeptides as non-invasive biomarkers for integrated therapies in pediatrics.
Thermal degradation of carboxy-terminal trimethylolpropane/adipic acid hyperbranched poly(ester)s

Carboxy-terminal hyperbranched poly(ester)s offer great potential as platforms for the support of controlled release of actives in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural and biomedical fields. Such materials have been prepared from trimethylolpropane and adipic acid and have been fully characterized using chromatographic, spectroscopic and thermal methods. The thermal stability and degradation features of these polymers have been assessed using thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The degradation characteristics of these materials have been compared to those of similar hydroxyl-terminated polymers. The prominent feature of the degradation of these polymers is decarboxylation, while that for similar polymers containing hydroxyl end groups is ether formation.
In Situ Nanomechanical Testing of Crystalline Nanowires in Electron Microscopes

This article reviews in situ mechanical testing of crystalline nanowires in scanning and transmission electron microscopes, focusing on bottom–up synthesized, single-crystalline nanowires. Major experimental methods including resonance, bending, tension and buckling are summarized. In addition to commonly encountered experimental issues, deformation mechanisms learned from the in situ nanomechanical characterization are discussed highlighting the roles of free surfaces, internal planar defects and point defects.
Synchronizing project assessments [in electrical engineering education]

A set of guidelines are described that attempt to improve consistency in evaluations at final-project showings. Sets of 3 faculty members listen to each student's presentation and grade it. A grid is presented that quantifies levels of performance in 7 categories relevant to electronic and electrical project development. The statistics comparing the three evaluations for about 125 projects are presented along with observations and anecdotal evidence.
Pulmonary Infections in the Immunocompromised Host

Immunosuppressed patients are at high risk of developing fulminant, multiple, and recurrent infections. Some organisms are more common than others in this group of patients. Early diagnosis is essential for prompt, complete treatment. Imaging with high-resolution chest CT (HRCT) is a valuable diagnostic tool that may guide therapy. We discuss the imaging characteristics of the common organisms in the immunocompromised host as well as noninfectious causes that can have similar imaging features.
Reliability and Validity of the Brief Problem Monitor: An Abbreviated Form of the Child Behavior Checklist (P1.099)

OBJECTIVE: This investigation evaluated whether an abbreviated form of the Child-Behavior Checklist (CBCL) could be an alternative to the full-length test. BACKGROUND: The parent form of the 113-item CBCL is widely utilized by behavioral neurologists, child psychiatrists and psychologists. This report examines the reliability and validity of a recently developed abbreviated version of the CBCL, the Brief Problem Monitor (BPM). DESIGN/METHODS: Caregivers (n = 567) completed the CBCL online and the 19 BPM items were examined separately. RESULTS: Internal consistency of the BPM was high (Cronbach9s alpha = 0.91) and satisfactory for the Internalizing (0.78), Externalizing (0.86), and Attention (0.87) scales. High correlations between the CBCL and BPM were identified for the total score (r = 0.95) as well as the Internalizing (0.86), Externalizing (0.93), and Attention (0.97) scales. The BPM and scales were sensitive and identified significantly higher behavioral and emotional problems among children whose caregiver reported a diagnosis of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Bipolar disorder, Depression, Anxiety, Developmental Disabilities, or Autism Spectrum Disorders relative to a comparison group that had not been diagnosed with these disorders. BPM ratings also differed by the socioeconomic status and education of the caregiver. Mothers with higher annual incomes rated their children as having 38.8[percnt] fewer total problems (Cohen9s d=0.62) as well as 42.8[percnt] lower Internalizing (d=0.53), 44.1[percnt] less Externalizing (d=0.62), and 30.9[percnt] decreased Attention (d=0.39). A similar pattern was evident for maternal education (d=0.30-0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings provide strong psychometric support for the BPM, although the differences based on the characteristics of the parent indicate that additional information from other sources (e.g., teachers) should be obtained to complement parental reports. Study Supported by: Oregon Clinical Translational Research Institute (UL1 RR024140), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T32 ES007060-31A1), the National Institute of Drug Abuse (L30 DA027582-01), and the Husson School of Pharmacy. Disclosure: Dr. Piper has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gray has nothing to disclose. Dr. Raber has nothing to disclose. Dr. Birkett has nothing to disclose.
A Practical Perspective on Airport Demand Management

This paper presents a practical perspective on the subject of airport demand management, primarily in the context of policies that might be viable for the United States. It first summarizes a surve...
Thin film multi-material OEICs

One promising method for integrating semiconductor devices, both electronic and optoelectronic, with arbitrary host substrates such as integrated circuits, polymers, and glass, is thin film device integration. Single crystal, thin film semiconductor devices can be separated from the growth substrate and bonded to host substrates using standard microelectronic processing, which is a particularly attractive option for multi-material integrated optoelectronics. The separation of Si, GaAs, and InP-based thin film epitaxial devices from the growth substrate, called epitaxial lift off (ELO), and the subsequent transfer and bonding of these thin film devices to relatively smooth host substrates, such as silicon circuits, has been demonstrated by a number of groups and is reviewed in this paper. In addition, thin film device performance before and after separation from the growth substrate is examined.
MORALE AND FACULTY DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS: DISCUSSION

Dr. Purcell’s observations on faculty success within agricultural economics deal primarily with comparative advantage and respect for diversity. His arguments are similar in nature to Houck’s AAAE presidential address of 1992. I would suggest that someone interested in this topic read Ladd, Skees, McDowell, Hite, Bonnen, Paarlberg, Debertin, and Bromely for further context. A crucial contribution of Purcell is his defense of the traditional linkages (clientele) of agricultural economists. As an assistant professor speaking to this body I feel a little like Luke Skywalker. To confront and succeed in the fhture I must somehow (rediscover my past. The reality of the past is that without the Merrill, Hatch, and Smith-Lever Acts none of us would be sitting here today. Furthermore, it is the uncertainty that surrounds these historical acts that threatens us today. So it is important that we listen carefully to Purcell and his talk of constituency, clientele, and credibility. But it is also (most) important that we remember our university mission.
Molecular Pathways Underlying the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic α-Cell Dysfunction

Glucagon plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis by counteracting insulin action, especially during hypoglycemia. Glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells is regulated by various mechanisms including glycemia, neural input, and secretion from neighboring β-cells. However, glucagon secretion is dysregulated in diabetic states, causing exacerbation of glycemic disorders. Recently, new therapeutic approaches targeting excess glucagon secretion are being explored for use in diabetes treatment. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of how glucagon secretion is regulated is critical for treating the α-cell dysfunction observed in diabetes.
Chapter 7 Attachment of a GPI Anchor to Protein

I. Abstract Proteins destined to receive a GPI anchor are synthesized with two signal sequences: an N‐terminal signal sequence that targets the preproprotein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a C‐terminal signal sequence that directs the attachment of a preassembled GPI anchor. The attachment of a GPI anchor to the protein's C‐terminus occurs via a transamidation reaction that is catalyzed by the GPI transamidase (GPIT), a membrane‐bound, penta‐subunit enzyme complex. The different GPIT subunits are conserved from protozoa to yeast to mammals either by sequence or membrane topology. While GPI8 has been shown to be the catalytic subunit, the function of the other proteins within the GPIT complex is still unclear. PIG‐U and GAA1 have been proposed to be involved in recognizing and binding of the GPI, while comparison of PIG‐T with proteins of known 3D structure predicts that it forms a funnel‐like structure, leading to speculations about a role of this subunit in gating the proprotein to the GPI anchor for transamidation. Subjects for future research include testing the involvement of these subunits in recognition and binding of the GPI anchor and/or the protein substrate, as well as structural analysis of GPIT.
Cities and Race: America's New Black Ghetto

In 1990, policy hack Charles Murray published a shrink-the-state plan to win the war on drugs: Allow unfettered market forces (housing and employment) to concentrate particular people in particular...
Mental health issues: a comparison of lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual women.

SUMMARY This study examines mental health issues among women of different sexual orientations. An anonymous survey was administered at 33 health care sites across the United States; the sample (N = 1304) included lesbians (n = 524), bisexual (n = 143) and heterosexual women (n = 637). Not only did sexual orientation influence the probability of experiencing emotional stress, but also whether a bisexual woman or lesbian had disclosed her sexual orientation (was “out”) impacted the likelihood of having or having had mental health problems. Bisexual women and lesbians experienced more emotional stress as teenagers than did heterosexual women. Bisexual women were more than twice as likely to have had an eating disorder compared to lesbians. If a bisexual woman reported being out she was twice as likely to have had an eating disorder compared to a heterosexual woman. Lesbians who were not out and bisexual women who were out were 2-2.5 times more likely to experience suicidal ideation in the past 12 months. Les...