cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein Palmitoylation in Platelet Function: Role in G Protein-Mediated Platelet Activation and Platelet Recruitment into Thrombi.

Protein palmitoylation represents the covalent linkage of a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid to a protein. This reversible post-translational modification directs protein-protein interactions as well as protein association with membranes and lipid rafts. Protein palmitoylation participates in ligand-induced signal transduction in several nucleated cells. Its role in platelet activation, however, has not previously been evaluated. We have found that platelets contain the palmitoyl transfer proteins GODZ and HIP14 as well as the palmitoyltransferase, acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1). Thus, platelets possess the basic machinery for regulated palmitoylation. Studies using [ 3 H]-labeled platelets identified several platelet proteins that were palmitoylated following exposure to the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) ligand, SFLLRN. To determine whether protein palmitoylation functions in activation-induced platelet functions, we infused recombinant APT1 into permeabilized platelets prior to activation with SFLLRN. Infusion of APT1 inhibited platelet protein palmitoylation and completely blocked platelet α-granule secretion induced by SFLLRN. Similarly, the protein palmitoylation inhibitor cerulenin blocked SFLLRN-induced platelet protein palmitoylation, α-granule secretion, and platelet aggregation in intact platelets. To assess the mechanism by which protein palmitoylation affects platelet function, we evaluated the effect of inhibitors of protein palmitoylation on G protein activity. G αq is essential to PAR-1-mediated platelet activation and is palmitoylated in an activation-dependent manner in nucleated cells. Immunoprecipitation of G αq from [ 3 H]-labeled platelets showed that it is palmitoylated following activation of platelets with SFLLRN. Both APT1 and cerulenin inhibited SFLLRN-induced palmitoylation of G αq . In addition, APT1 and cerulenin inhibited SFLLRN-induced GTPase activity as detected using [γ- 32 P]GTP-labeled platelet lysates. These results show that palmitoylation of G αq participates in PAR-1-mediated signal transduction. We next used intravital microscopy to determine if protein palmitoylation functions in thrombus formation in vivo . For these experiments, platelets from a donor mouse were incubated with cerulenin and labeled with calcein-AM (green) or incubated with vehicle alone and labeled with calcein-AM red-orange (red). Equal numbers of green and red labeled platelets were then infused into a recipient mouse. The accumulation of cerulenin- and vehicle-treated platelets into thrombi following laser-induced injury of the mouse cremaster muscle was quantified using high speed, digital videomicroscopy. Incubation of platelets with cerulenin resulted in an approximately 50% reduction in their ability to accumulate into thrombi. These studies show that platelet protein palmitoylation is required for thrombus formation as well as for normal platelet function.
Threats to Aviation: Modeling Effectiveness

The purpose of this study is to: (a) test the effectiveness of security measures on aviation-based attacks between 1970 and 2015, (b) assess diffusion and displacement effects of security measures ...
Fingolimod Augments Monomethylfumarate Killing of GBM Cells

Previously we demonstrated that the multiple sclerosis drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and its plasma breakdown product MMF could interact with chemotherapeutic agents to kill both GBM cells and activated microglia. The trial NCT02337426 demonstrated the safety of DMF in newly diagnosed GBM patients when combined with the standard of care Stupp protocol. We hypothesized that another multiple sclerosis drug, fingolimod (FTY720) would synergize with MMF to kill GBM cells. MMF and fingolimod interacted in a greater than additive fashion to kill PDX GBM isolates. MMF and fingolimod radiosensitized glioma cells and enhanced the lethality of temozolomide. Exposure to [MMF + fingolimod] activated an ATM-dependent toxic autophagy pathway, enhanced protective endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, and inactivated protective PI3K, STAT, and YAP function. The drug combination reduced the expression of protective c-FLIP-s, MCL-1, BCL-XL, and in parallel caused cell-surface clustering of the death receptor CD95. Knock down of CD95 or over-expression of c-FLIP-s or BCL-XL suppressed killing. Fingolimod and MMF interacted in a greater than additive fashion to rapidly enhance reactive oxygen species production and over-expression of either thioredoxin or super-oxide dismutase two significantly reduced the drug-induced phosphorylation of ATM, autophagosome formation and [MMF + fingolimod] lethality. In contrast, the production of ROS was only marginally reduced in cells lacking ATM, CD95, or Beclin1. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the primary generation of ROS by [MMF + fingolimod] plays a key role, via the induction of toxic autophagy and death receptor signaling, in the killing of GBM cells.
A Supplementary Motor Pattern in the Precommissural Septotubercular Area of Macaca mulatta

A long-held view that the brain was composed of centers that rigidly subserved one function has gradually been eroded by the demonstration of the numerous supplementary motor patterns. Therefore, it was not with any great surprise that we evoked motor responses from the region of the precommissural septum and tuberculum olfactorium of Macaca mulatta. During the course of further experimentation, it became apparent that there was a pattern of motor behavior elicitable by stimulation of the septotubercular area (Fig. 1), and that these responses were contralateral and appeared to be associated with disagreeable behavior.
Defining and overcoming the contact resistance challenge in scaled carbon nanotube transistors.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to show strong promise as the channel material for an aggressively scaled, high-performance transistor technology. However, there has been concern regarding the contact resistance (Rc) in CNT field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) limiting the ultimate performance, especially at scaled contact lengths. In this work, the contact resistance in CNTFETs is defined in the context of a high-performance scaled transistor, including how the demonstrated Rc relates to technology targets. The impact of different source/drain contact metals (Pd, Pt, Au, Rh, Ni, and Ti) on the scaling of Rc versus contact length is presented. It is discovered that the most optimal contact metal at long contact lengths (Pd) is not necessarily the best for scaled devices, where a newly explored scaled metal contact, Rh, yields the best scaling trend. When extrapolated for a sub-10 nm transistor technology, these results show that the Rc in scaled CNTFETs is within a factor of 2 of the technology target with...
From the Operating Room to Online: Medical Student Surgery Education in the Time of COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Background On March 17, 2020 the Association of American Medical Colleges recommended dismissal of medical students from clinical settings due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Third-year (M3) and fourth-year (M4) medical students were at home, M4s were interested in teaching, and residents and faculty had fewer clinical responsibilities due to elective surgery cancellations. To continue M3 access to education, we created a virtual surgery elective (VSE) that aimed to broaden students’ exposure to, and elicit interest in, general surgery (GS). Methods Faculty, surgical residents, and M4s collaborated to create a 2-wk VSE focusing on self-directed learning and direct interactions with surgery faculty. Each day was dedicated to a specific pathology commonly encountered in GS. A variety of teaching methods were employed including self-directed readings and videos, M4 peer lectures, case-based learning and operative video review with surgery faculty, and weekly surgical conferences. A VSE skills lab was also conducted to teach basic suturing and knot-tying. All lectures and skills labs were via Zoom videoconference (Zoom Video Communications Inc). A post-course anonymous survey sent to all participants assessed changes in their understanding of GS and their interest in GS and surgery overall. Results Fourteen M3s participated in this elective over two consecutive iterations. The survey response rate was 79%. Ninety-one percent of students believed the course met its learning objectives “well” or “very well.” Prior to the course, 27% reported a “good understanding” and 0% a “very good” understanding of GS. Post-course, 100% reported a “good” or “very good” understanding of GS, a statistically significant increase (P = 0.0003). Eighty-two percent reported increased interest in GS and 64% reported an increase in pursuing GS as a career. Conclusions As proof of concept, this online course successfully demonstrated virtual medical student education can increase student understanding of GS topics, increase interest in GS, and increase interest in careers in surgery. To broaden student exposure to GS, we plan to integrate archived portions of this course into the regular third-year surgery clerkship and these can also be used to introduce GS in the preclinical years.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage in a Pediatric Population.

Objectives The cytomorphologic findings of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in pediatrics were correlated with clinical symptoms. Methods Patient demographics, clinical symptoms/history, cytomorphologic findings, and oil red O (ORO) staining of 100 pediatric patients who underwent BAL between 2014 and 2016 were reviewed at a large academic institution. Results Of the 100 patients (males/females, 62:38), the most common conditions for BAL included cough (46/100), reflux (39/100), pneumonia (30/100), dysphagia (22/100), asthma (19/100), and cystic fibrosis (15/100). Sixteen of 100 patients were admitted with pulmonary symptoms from the emergency department. Cytomorphologic findings showed acute inflammation in 37 BALs and chronic inflammation in 9. Abundant thick mucin was present in 3 cytology cases from patients with cystic fibrosis. Fungal elements were detected in 3 cases (Candida, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis jirovecii) and viral effects (rhinovirus) in one. Thirty-seven of 100 had rare ORO-positive lipid-laden macrophages (LLMs), 7 of 100 had moderate LLMs, 11 of 100 had numerous LLMs, 18 of 100 had positive staining without the degree of staining, 25 of 100 had negative ORO staining, and 2 of 100 had noncontributory ORO staining. An iron stain was done on 15 BALs (2 positive, 9 negative, and 4 noncontributory). Conclusions BAL cytology is a useful tool in pediatrics to discriminate underlying causes of aerodigestive system conditions, while ORO staining may occasionally help.
Estimating the Effect of Web-Based Homework

Traditional studies of intelligent tutoring systems have focused on their use in the classroom. Few have explored the advantage of using ITS as a web-based homework (WBH) system, providing correctness-only feedback to students. A second underappreciated aspect of WBH is that teachers can use the data to more efficiently review homework. Universities across the world are employing these WBH systems but there are no known comparisons of this in K12. In this work we randomly assigned 63 thirteen and fourteen year olds to either a traditional homework condition (TH) involving practice without feedback or a WBH condition that added correctness feedback at the end of a problem and the ability to try again. All students used ASSISTments, an ITS, to do their homework but we ablated all of the intelligent tutoring aspects of hints, feedback messages and mastery learning as appropriate to the two practice conditions. We found that students learned reliably more in the web-based homework condition and with an effect size of 0.56. Additionally, teacher use of the homework data lead to a more robust and systematic review of the homework. Future work will further examine modifications to WBH to further improve learning from homework and the role of WBH in formative assessment.
Underworlds: Philosophies of the Unconscious from Psychoanalysis to Metaphysics

About the Texts. Introduction: Underworlds and the Ancient Soul. Hegel on Unconscious Spirit. Freud's Unconscious Ontology. Existentialism & the Unconscious Subject. Lacan's Epistemology. Jung's Metaphysics. Whitehead's Unconscious Cosmology. About the Author. Index.
Juvenile fibromatosis of the buccal mucosa. Report of a case.

Abstract Juvenile fibromatosis is a perplexing tumor which is sometimes difficult to diagnose. It occurs in children of both sexes and all ages and, because of the ubiquitous distribution of connective tissue, can occur anywhere in the body. It usually grows slowly and can reach enormous size. It seldom, if ever, metastasizes. If it is not adequately removed, the chances of recurrence are high.
Lipid Signals: Extracellular

Lipid molecules can act as extracellular signals. They form a large and expanding class of influences on cellular and organismal homeostasis, which affect all organ systems and participate in many disease processes. Prominent members of this class include eicosanoids (e.g., leukotrienes or prostanoids like prostaglandins, protacyclins, and thromboxane), lysophospholipids (e.g., lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate), endocannabinoids (e.g., anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), ether lipids (e.g., platelet activating factor), and free fatty acids. These signals are in a dynamic steady state with structural phospholipids that make up the lipid membrane bilayer of all cells. Both distinct and shared enzymologies are involved in lipid signal biosynthesis and degradation. A dominant mechanistic theme for all bona fide extracellular lipid signals is their use of cognate 7-transmembrane domain and G protein-coupled receptors. Activation of these receptors causes myriad physiologic and pathophysiologic effects that encompass most aspects of cell biology and physiology. Studies on extracellular lipid signals have led to both mechanistic understanding and successful creation of useful medicines.
Treating Blacks as If They Were White: Problems of Definition and Proof in Section 1982 Cases

Immediately after the Civil War, the United States Congress enacted, over presidential veto, a statute popularly known as the 1866 Civil Rights Act. In 1870 that statute was reenacted, and a major part is presently codified as sections 1981 and 1982 of title 42 of the United States Code. Those sections lay virtually moribund for a hundred years, until they were reviewed in 1968 as a judicial contribution to the mid-twentieth century civil rights movement. Passed in the wake of Union victory, the 1866 Civil Rights Act represented an attempt by the victors to crystallize the metaphysics of emancipation into the perquisites of citizenship and to give “real content to the freedom guaranteed by the Thirteenth Amendment.” The language of section 1982 is deceptively simple: “All citizens of the United States shall have the same right, in every State and Territory, as is enjoyed by white citizens thereof to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property. Since 1968 there has been considerable litigation under this statute, but little appreciation of the ambiguity of the words “same right … as is enjoyed by white citizens.” Decisions tend to discuss the evidence presented in great detail without relating that evidence to a carefully drawn definition of the statutory language and the elements of the prima facie case which that definition should supply. Until we know what the plaintiff must prove, however, evidentiary analysis lacks direction, and until we know what the statutory language means, there will be no consistent approach to what the plaintiff must prove. In this Article we shall attempt to define the words “same right … as is enjoyed by white citizens,” to set forth the elements of the prima facie case derived therefrom, and to consider what evidence, inferences, and presumptions would permit a plaintiff to establish those elements. Our inquiry is pertinent not only to section 1982 cases: Section 1981 contains parallel language with respect to contract actions, and Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (as well as several state and local statutes) is directed to similar ends. Therefore, while our definition of the “same right” language is most relevant to sections 1982 and 1981, our discussion of evidentiary considerations is also applicable to civil rights litigation in general.
Assessing the impacts of parameter uncertainty for computationally expensive groundwater models

[1] Computational requirements often limit the assessment of uncertainty in complex environmental models. Monte Carlo–based techniques such as generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) and Bayesian uncertainty assessment are limited in applicability because of their heavy computational demands. This paper presents a computationally efficient method that combines automatic calibration using function-approximation-based global optimization with importance weighting for assessing parametric uncertainty in model outputs for computationally expensive models. We call this method automatic calibration and uncertainty assessment using response surfaces (ACUARS). The bias introduced during optimization because of oversampling of high goodness of fit regions of the parameter space is corrected using a multidimensional cell-declustering technique. The proposed method is applied to two hypothetical examples in enhanced bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes in groundwater that differ in computational requirements and the number of parameters that were calibrated. The results from the simpler example in which uncertainty of three model parameters in model outputs was considered showed that for a given acceptability threshold and a given number of permissible model simulations, ACUARS finds many more representative parameter sets than GLUE. GLUE produced only half the number of acceptable parameter sets for uncertainty assessment, even after 10 times as many simulations as ACUARS was performed for GLUE. Further, the median output of ACUARS predicted the true value of the outputs more closely than GLUE. For a more complicated numerical example, where noisy data were used for calibration of seven model parameters, GLUE required 2400 simulations to find 31 acceptable parameter sets, while ACUARS found 46 acceptable parameter sets in only 300 simulations for a moderately stringent threshold. This enabled a more accurate estimate of uncertainty by providing closer estimates of the true outputs.
Imprints of secondary heat sources on the stream temperature/equilibrium temperature relationship

[1] A model has been developed that takes weekly stream temperature and weather data and determines the potential effects of stream channel shading, wind sheltering, and secondary (hydrologic) sources of heat on the observed stream temperatures. The partitioning (parameterization) of these effects is done via an empirical optimization procedure known as the shuffled complex evolution global optimization method. On the basis of data from 596 stream gauging stations in the eastern and central United States, the results of this analysis indicate that, on average, the effect of shading is stronger than the effect of sheltering and that the inclusion of a parameter for secondary heat input improves the simulation of the stream temperatures. The results increase our understanding of annual and seasonal controls on stream temperature at a regional spatial scale. By providing the above information for a large number of streams in the eastern and central United States, we have learned about typical values and ranges of stream shading and sheltering and have learned that hydrologic heat inputs cannot be ignored for many stream reaches. We have developed more realistic expectations of secondary heat inputs to streams. With this information, we will be better prepared to estimate and appreciate the effects of land use changes or climate changes on stream temperatures and hence on stream habitats.
NK-1 and NK-3 type tachykinin receptor mRNA expression in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn is increased during adjuvant or formalin- induced nociception

Substance P (SP) and other related tachykinins such as neurokinin B (NKB) have been studied widely as mediators of sensory information. The release of SP into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is increased during nociception, and SP activates nociception-specific dorsal horn neurons. The tachykinin NKB has antinociceptive effects in the spinal cord and is contained in intrinsic spinal neurons; thus, NKB may also contribute to the processing of sensory information. Both neurokinin-1 (NK-1) and neurokinin-3 (NK-3) receptors have been localized in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. This study investigated changes in NK-1 and NK-3 receptor mRNA expression during nociception. Following injection of either formalin or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into one hindpaw, the levels of expression of NK-1 and NK-3 mRNAs in the spinal cord dorsal horn and preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA expression in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were quantitated using solution hybridization-nuclease protection assays. Peptide and receptor mRNA expression levels were normalized to beta-actin mRNA levels, which did not change during the treatments. Formalin (2 or 6 hr) or CFA (4 d) injection produced approximately a twofold increase in SP-encoding PPT mRNA expression in the ipsilateral lumbar DRG. Increased activity in primary afferent neurons containing SP may stimulate the production of SP precursors, providing substrate for increased SP production, release, and turnover in the dorsal horn and periphery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A complete enzymatic recovery of ferulic acid from corn residues with extracellular enzymes from Neosartorya spinosa NRRL185

An economic ferulic acid recovery from biomass via biological methods is of interest for a number of reasons. Ferulic acid is a precursor to vanillin synthesis. It is also a known antioxidant with potential food and medical applications. Despite its universal presence in all plant cell wall material, the complex structure of the plant cell wall makes ferulic acid recovery from biomass a challenging bioprocess. Previously, without pretreatment, very low (3-13%) recovery of ferulic acid from corn residues was achieved. We report here the discovery of a filamentous fungus Neosartorya spinosa NRRL185 capable of producing a full complement of enzymes to release ferulic acid and the development of an enzymatic process for a complete recovery of ferulic acid from corn bran and corn fibers. A partial characterization of the extracellular proteome of the microbe revealed the presence of at least seven cellulases and hemicellulases activities, including multiple iso-forms of xylanase and ferulic acid esterase. The recovered ferulic acid was bio-converted to vanillin, demonstrating its potential application in natural vanillin synthesis. The enzymatic ferulic acid recovery accompanied a significant release of reducing sugars (76-100%), suggesting much broader applications of the enzymes and enzyme mixtures from this organism.
Quantum chemical calculations for understanding and predicting toxicity. I. Ab initioMODPOT/VRDDO calculations and electrostatic molecular potential contour maps of organophosphorus anticholinesterases

To demonstrate the feasibility of quantum chemical and other theoretical techniques in the understanding and correlation and then in the prediction of toxicity of a specific class of compounds, the organophosphorus acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors were chosen since these have relatively clear-cut one-dose acute lethal toxicity, both LD50, and ED50 for the triggering event inhibition of AChE, to serve as well-defined end points. It was possible to identify particular quantum chemical requisites which are related to and predictive of the toxic effects of these molecules. Ab initio calculations were carried out on a number of organophosphorus compounds using our own programs which incorporate a number of desirable options for ab initio calculations on large molecules, including ab initio effective core model potentials (MODPOT), which permit calculations of valence electrons only explicitly, yet accurately, and a charge-conserving integral prescreening evaluation (which we named VRDDO—variable retention of diatomic differential overlap) especially effective for spatially extended molecules. Ab initio calculations were carried out for the two optical isomers of GB: These isomers differ in their toxicities. From the wavefunctions of the optical isomers of GB (calculated relative to internal body-fixed coordinates) the electrostatic molecular potential contour maps (relative to the same absolute space-fixed reference coordinates) were generated in three dimensions around each molecule. These maps indicate vividly the differing stereoelectronic requisites for the different optical isomers and suggest the basis for the difference in their in vivo toxicities. These maps form three-dimensional stereoelectronic holograms and can even be used for reverse image holography to ascertain if new even hypothetical molecules fulfill the requisites. This is related to the first step in the inhibition of AChE, complex formation of the organophosphorus compound with AChE.
Identification and the Cultural Organization: How the Concept of Identification Can Impact the Constituencies Who Work Within Cultural Organizations

This study explores the role identification plays in the relationships between the constituencies that work for cultural organizations and the organization itself, focusing on employees, volunteers, and the board of directors. Although much literature exists about employee engagement within the private sector, little to no information exists about employee engagement in cultural organizations. This article examines in great detail how the concept of identification can impact constituencies working to support a cultural organization. For this study, eight in-depth anonymous interviews were conducted with high-level managers and executive directors of cultural organizations varying in size and organizational structure.
A complex interaction between clozapine and phenytoin

Objective:As of July 9, 2004, to report the first case of potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between clozapine and phenytoin occurring simultaneously in a patient.Case Summa...
Intracellular pH during "chemical hypoxia" in cultured rat hepatocytes. Protection by intracellular acidosis against the onset of cell death.

Abstract The relationships between extracellular pH (pHo), intracellular pH (pHi), and loss of cell viability were evaluated in cultured rat hepatocytes after ATP depletion by metabolic inhibition with KCN and iodoacetate (chemical hypoxia). pHi was measured in single cells by ratio imaging of 2',7'-biscarboxy-ethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) fluorescence using multiparameter digitized video microscopy. During chemical hypoxia at pHo of 7.4, pHi decreased from 7.36 to 6.33 within 10 min. pHi remained at 6.1-6.5 for 30-40 min (plateau phase). Thereafter, pHi began to rise and cell death ensued within minutes, as evidenced by nuclear staining with propidium iodide and coincident leakage of BCECF from the cytoplasm. An acidic pHo produced a slightly greater drop in pHi, prolonged the plateau phase of intracellular acidosis, and delayed the onset of cell death. Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange also prolonged the plateau phase and delayed cell death. In contrast, monensin or substitution of gluconate for Cl- in buffer containing HCO3- abolished the pH gradient across the plasma membrane and shortened cell survival. The results indicate that intracellular acidosis after ATP depletion delays the onset of cell death, whereas reduction of the degree of acidosis accelerates cell killing. We conclude that intracellular acidosis protects against hepatocellular death from ATP depletion, a phenomenon that may represent a protective adaptation against hypoxic and ischemic stress.
Excisional Wound Healing Is Delayed in a Murine Model of Chronic Kidney Disease

Background Approximately 15% of the United States population suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD), often demonstrating an associated impairment in wound healing. This study outlines the development of a surgical murine model of CKD in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying this impairment. Methods CKD was induced in mice by partial cauterization of one kidney cortex and contralateral nephrectomy, modifying a previously published technique. After a minimum of 6-weeks, splinted, dorsal excisional wounds were created to permit assessment of wound healing parameters. Wounds were harvested on postoperative days (POD) 0, 3, 7, and 14 for histological, immunofluorescent, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results CKD mice exhibited deranged blood chemistry and hematology profiles, including profound uremia and anemia. Significant decreases in re-epithelialization and granulation tissue deposition rates were found in uremic mice wounds relative to controls. On immunofluorescent analysis, uremic mice demonstrated significant reductions in cellular proliferation (BrdU) and angiogenesis (CD31), with a concurrent increase in inflammation (CD45) as compared to controls. CKD mice also displayed differential expression of wound healing-related genes (VEGF, IL-1β, eNOS, iNOS) on qPCR. Conclusions These findings represent the first reported investigation of cutaneous healing in a CKD animal model. Ongoing studies of this significantly delayed wound healing phenotype include the establishment of renal failure model in diabetic strains to study the combined effects of CKD and diabetes.
Dialogue on the uses of expressive writing for individual, relational, and community change

This article summarizes individual self-examination and deepening of relationships within an academic department of psychiatry that were catalyzed by a pair of presentations on the use of expressive writing in therapy and self-development. These experiences demonstrated the power and the complex consequences of a teaching process that promoted the personal growth and development of, and between, members of that department. The model exposed the participants to therapeutic techniques of expressive writing in a manner that integrated passive didactic learning of content with active experiential participation. The process included questions and exercises that demanded reflection on, and sharing of, the personal experiences of the participants.
Analysis of peptide and protein samples containing surfactants by MALDI-MS

Protein samples containing ionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can be analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, contrary to what is currently accepted. SDS at varying concentrations was added to four polypeptide samples. As expected, a decrease in the signal was observed for increasing concentrations of SDS up to 0.1% (w/v), at which no signal was observed for three of the analytes. However, a recovery of the signals of all the analytes was observed at concentrations of SDS above 0.3%, with useful spectra at concentrations as high as 10%. The SDS concentration at which signal recovery starts is always the same, regardless of the type and the concentration of the analyte. Another two surfactants 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and octylphenolpoly(ethylene glycol ether)10 (Triton X-100) were also tested. The trend for signal variation with CHAPS addition is similar to that for SDS addition, but for Triton X-100, the signal...
A note on the line spring solution for a part-through crack

The line spring solutions used to solve part-through crack problems in plates are investigated by comparing with the results obtained from an accurate three-dimensional analysis using the body force method. Comparisons are made for the mode I stress intensity of a semi-elliptical crack with various aspect ratios a/b, i.e. the ratio of the width to the depth of the crack. The results indicate that the two methods agree well for cracks that are wider than they are deep (an aspect ratio greater than one).
Observing with NICMOS on HST: strategies and results

A review of the capabilities of the near-IR camera and multi-object spectrometer (NICMOS) on the Hubble Space Telescope and of the environment in which the instrument operates is presented, together with the observing strategies which can be adopted to maximize the scientific return from the instrument. The wavelength dependence and intensity of the background detected by NICMOS, cosmic-ray impacts, image quality, and photometric calibrations are discussed. Examples of actual observations performed with NICMOS in wavebands which are difficult to access from the ground are shown.
Parapapillary Chorioretinal Atrophy in Patients With Ocular Hypertension: I. An Evaluation as a Predictive Factor for the Development of Glaucomatous Damage

Objective: To determine whether parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy is a risk factor for the development of glaucomatous optic disc or visual field damage. Methods: The initial morphometric parameters of the optic disc and parapapillary atrophy were retrospectively investigated in 350 eyes of 175 patients with ocular hypertension. The prognostic value of parapapillary atrophy at the baseline examination and its relationship with known risk factors for the development of glaucomatous damage were analyzed by multivariate analysis. Results: Visual field loss, optic disc damage, or both were detected in 98 eyes of 53 patients during the follow-up period of at least 10 years. By univariate analysis, the presence of parapapillary atrophy, as well as higher parapapillary atrophy area—disc area, zone β area—disc area, and parapapillary atrophy length—disc circumference ratios, at the baseline examination was associated with the conversion to glaucoma. In addition, higher intraocular pressure, larger vertical cupdisc ratio, and smaller neural rim area—disc area ratio at the baseline examination were associated with subsequent glaucomatous optic nerve damage. In a multivariate regression model adjusted for other factors, intraocular pressure (relative risk, 1.19), neural rim area—disc area ratio (relative risk, 0.72), and zone β area—disc area ratio (relative risk, 1.32) were found to be associated with the development of optic disc damage, visual field damage, or both. Conclusion: The presence and the size of parapapillary atrophy are related to the development of subsequent optic disc or visual field damage in patients with ocular hypertension.
Growth and productivity measures of China’s due to international trade: PRC’S experience 1970–1993

Solow’s Growth Model Solow (Q J Econ 70:65–94, 1956) and aggregate data are applied to estimates the increase in productivity due international trade and the resulting technical change and capital augmentation for the years 1970 to 1978 and 1978 (the beginning of the reforms and “open door” policy in China) to 1993. According this paper’s estimations the GDP per man hour in 1978 increased by 1.76 times for the year 1970, from $0.1233 in 1970 to $0.2169 in 1978, and in 1993 by 5.23 time that of 1978 to $1.1348 in 1993. For the period under study due to “open door” policy the GDP per man-hour more than quadrupled, and 76.18% of this increase was due to technical changes and the remaining 23.82 was due to capital augmentation. The paper consists of five sections. “Introduction” Section reviews some of the growth literature as well as looking at the macroeconomic measures of China’s economic performance since 1978 the beginning of the reforms. “Data” Section explains the data modifications. “Empirical results” Section portrays the empirical results and the next indicates conclusions.
Large-scale binding ligand prediction by improved patch-based method Patch-Surfer2.0

Motivation: Ligand binding is a key aspect of the function of many proteins. Thus, binding ligand prediction provides important insight in understanding the biological function of proteins. Binding ligand prediction is also useful for drug design and examining potential drug side effects. Results: We present a computational method named Patch-Surfer2.0, which predicts binding ligands for a protein pocket. By representing and comparing pockets at the level of small local surface patches that characterize physicochemical properties of the local regions, the method can identify binding pockets of the same ligand even if they do not share globally similar shapes. Properties of local patches are represented by an efficient mathematical representation, 3D Zernike Descriptor. Patch-Surfer2.0 has significant technical improvements over our previous prototype, which includes a new feature that captures approximate patch position with a geodesic distance histogram. Moreover, we constructed a large comprehensive database of ligand binding pockets that will be searched against by a query. The benchmark shows better performance of Patch-Surfer2.0 over existing methods. Availability and implementation: http://kiharalab.org/patchsurfer2.0/ Contact: ude.eudrup@arahikd Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Interpersonal Consequences of Forgiveness: Does Forgiveness Deter or Encourage Repeat Offenses?

Benefits of forgiveness have been well documented, but past research has not directly addressed the crucial question of whether forgiveness deters or invites repeat transgressions. Our research indicates that expressing forgiveness typically discourages future offenses. In Study 1, participants playing a form of the prisoner’s dilemma game were more likely to repeat their transgressions against unforgiving victims than forgiving victims, especially when victims had no chance to retaliate. In response to a hypothetical scenario presented in Study 2, participants reported that they would be less likely to risk offending someone for a second time if that person had forgiven their first offense. In Study 3, participants’ autobiographical recollections of their prior transgressions revealed that receiving forgiveness predicted higher repentance motivation.
Towards an MPI-like framework for the Azure cloud platform

Message Passing Interface (MPI) has been the predominant standardized system for writing parallel and distributed applications. However, while MPI has been the software system of choice for traditional parallel and distributed computing platforms such as large compute clusters and Grid, MPI is not the system of choice for cloud platforms. The primary reasons for this is the lack of low latency high bandwidth network capabilities of the cloud platforms and the inherent architectural differences from traditional compute clusters. Prior studies suggest that the message latency of cloud platforms could be as much as 35x slower than that of an infiniband-connected cluster [1] for popular MPI implementations. MPI-like environment on cloud platforms is desirable for a large class of applications that run for long time spans with varying computing needs, such as the modeling and analysis to predict swath of a hurricane. Such applications could benefit from cloud's resiliency and on-demand access for a robust and green solution. Interestingly, most of the cloud vendors provide APIs to access cloud resources in an efficient manner different than how an MPI implementation would avail of those resources. We have done extensive research to identify the pain-points for designing and implementing an MPI-like framework for cloud platforms. Our research has provided us with vital guidelines that we are sharing in this paper. We present the details of the key components required for such a framework along with our experience while implementing a preliminary MPI-like framework over Azure dubbed cloudMPI and evaluate its pros and cons. A large GIS application has been ported over cloudMPI to study its effectiveness and limitations.1
Equatorial scintillations: advances since ISEA-6

Abstract Since the last equatorial aeronomy meeting in 1980, our understanding of the morphology of equatorial scintillations has advanced greatly due to more intensive observations at the equatorial anomaly locations in the different longitude zones. The unmistakable effect of the sunspot cycle in controlling irregularity belt width and electron concentration responsible for strong scintillation in the GHz range has been demonstrated. The fact that night-time F -region dynamics is an important factor in controlling the magnitude of scintillations has been recognized by interpreting scintillation observations in the light of realistic models of total electron content at various longitudes. A hypothesis based on the alignment of the solar terminator with the geomagnetic flux tubes as an indicator of enhanced scintillation occurrence and another based on the influence of a transequatorial thermospheric neutral wind have been postulated to describe the observed longitudinal variation. A distinct class of equatorial irregularities known as the bottomside sinusoidal (BSS) type has been identified. Unlike equatorial bubbles, these irregularities occur in very large patches, sometimes in excess of several thousand kilometers in the E-W direction and are associated with frequency spread on ionograms. Scintillations caused by such irregularities exist only in the VHF band, exhibit Fresnel oscillations in intensity spectra and are found to give rise to extremely long durations (~ several hours) of uninterrupted scintillations. These irregularities maximize during solstices, so that in the VHF range, scintillation morphology at an equatorial station is determined by considering occurrence characteristics of both bubble type and BSS type irregularities. The temporal structure of scintillations in relation to the in situ measurements of irregularity spatial structure within equatorial bubbles has been critically examined. A two-component irregularity spectrum with a shallow slope ( p 1 ~ 1.5) at long scalelengths (> 1km) and steep slope ( p 2 ~−3) at shorter scalelengths has been found in both vertical and horizontal spectra. Phase and intensity scintillation modelling was found to be consistent with this two-component irregularity spectrum. Finally, the information provided by the major experimental undertaking represented by Project Condor in the fields of night-time scintillations and zonal irregularity drifts with be briefly outlined.
Circulation in the Cell

THE rapidity with which cells respond to the presence of solutes or suspensoids in their immediate vicinity has made the problem of the permeation of the cell a matter of major interest, but the question of how substances are distributed once they have entered the cell has not commanded nearly so much attention. I shall propose that the rapid distribution of nutrilites and reactants within the microcosm of the protoplast (that is, inside the plasma membrane) is effected by an active circulatory apparatus, by which fluid is forced through pores by hydrostatic pressure, somewhat analogous to the apparatus by which a corresponding circulatory distribution is effected in the macrocosm of the animal body. The concept of the cell-circulation is based almost exclusively on work with the yeast cell; but there are many indications which suggest that the conclusions are generally applicable. Many cellular membranes, which were previously thought to be intact, have been shown by electron microscopy to possess systems of pores. Pores which have been first observed by electron microscopy have been afterwards observed by direct light microscopy.
The ethics of suicide prevention.

Les arguments appuyant le fait que tout suicide devrait etre empeche ne sont pas soutenables. Il n'y a que certains suicides qui peuvent etre legitimement evites
Evaluation of Vaginal Complaints

ContextVaginal symptoms are one of the most common reasons for gynecological consultation. Clinicians have traditionally diagnosed vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal trichomoniasis using some combination of physical examination, pH, the wet mount, and the whiff test.ObjectivesTo evaluate the role of the clinical examination and determine the positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) for the diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal trichomoniasis.Data SourcesUsing a structured literature review, we abstracted information on sensitivity and specificity for symptoms, signs, and office laboratory procedures. We chose published (1966 to April 2003) articles that appeared in the MEDLINE database and were indexed under the combined search terms of diagnosis with vaginitis, vaginal discharge, candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis.Study SelectionIncluded studies of symptomatic premenopausal women seen in primary care settings. Tests were evaluated only if they would provide diagnostic information during the office visit and were compared with an acceptable criterion standard.Data ExtractionAll 3 authors extracted the data and computed sensitivity and specificity from each article independently. The absence of standard definitions for symptoms and signs made it impossible to combine results across studies.Data SynthesisSymptoms alone do not allow clinicians to distinguish confidently between the causes of vaginitis. However, a patient's lack of itching makes candidiasis less likely (range of LRs, 0.18 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.05-0.70] to 0.79 [95% CI, 0.72-0.87]) and lack of perceived odor makes bacterial vaginosis unlikely (LR, 0.07 [95% CI, 0.01-0.51]). Similarly, physical examination signs are limited in their diagnostic power. The presence of inflammatory signs is associated with candidiasis (range of LRs, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.5-2.8] to 8.4 [95% CI, 2.3-31]). Presence of a "high cheese" odor on examination is predictive of bacterial vaginosis (LR, 3.2 [95% CI, 2.1-4.7]) while lack of odor is associated with candidiasis (LR, 2.9 [95% CI, 2.4-5.0]). Office laboratory tests, particularly microscopy of vaginal discharge, are the most useful way of diagnosing these 3 conditions.ConclusionsThe cause of vaginal complaints may be easily diagnosed when typical findings appear in microscopy. However, the poor performance of individual symptoms, signs, and office laboratory tests often makes it problematic to identify the cause of vaginal symptoms.
Is local excision adequate therapy for early rectal cancer

PURPOSE: Radical surgery of rectal cancer is associated with significant morbidity, and some patients with low-lying lesions must accept a permanent colostomy. Several studies have suggested satisfactory tumor control after local excision of early rectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare recurrence and survival rates after treating early rectal cancers with local excision and radical surgery. METHODS: One hundred eight patients with T1 and T2 rectal adenocarcinomas treated by transanal excision were compared with 153 patients with T1N0 and T2N0 rectal adenocarcinomas treated with radical surgery. Neither group received adjuvant chemoradiation. Mean follow-up time was 4.4 years after local excision and 4.8 years after radical surgery. RESULTS: The estimated five-year local recurrence rate was 28 percent (18 percent for T1 tumors and 47 percent for T2 tumors) after local excision and 4 percent (none for T1 tumors and 6 percent for T2 tumors) after radical surgery. Overall recurrence was also higher after local excision (21 percent for T1 tumors and 47 percent for T2 tumors) than after radical surgery (9 percent for T1 tumors and 16 percent for T2 tumors). Twenty-four of 27 patients with recurrence after local excision underwent salvage surgery. The estimated five-year overall survival rate was 69 percent after local excision (72 percent for T1 tumors and 65 percent after T2 tumors) and 82 percent after radical surgery (80 percent for T1 tumors and 81 percent for T2 tumors). Differences in survival rate between local excision and radical surgery were statistically significant in patients with T2 tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Local excision of early rectal cancer carries a high risk of local recurrence. Salvage surgery is possible in most patients with local recurrence, but may be effective only in patients with T1 tumors. When compared with radical surgery, local excision may compromise overall survival in patients with T2 rectal cancers.