cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patch exploitation by Tribolium castaneum:movement patterns, distribution, and oviposition

Stored-product insects often live in an environment of spatially separated food patches that vary considerably in size, quality, and persistence. The movement of individuals among patches of food influences the probability that stored products will become infested and pest populations will persist within storage facilities, thus affecting many aspects of pest management. We examined how a major stored-product pest, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), exploits patches of food. Individuals are often inactive, periods of inactivity are often outside of food patches, males are more likely to be inactive outside of flour patches than females, and there is considerable variation among individuals in the time spent outside of patches. Beetles outside of food patches tend to be observed near edges due to a tendency to be inactive at edges, to move along edges, and to move more slowly when moving along edges. This tendency to move along edges makes beetles more likely to infest flour patches near the edges than patches further from the edge. A better understanding of the influence of landscape on pest behavior, spatial distribution, and population dynamics is needed to develop effective stored-product pest IPM programs.
Exchange-Rate Regimes and International Trade: Evidence from the Classical Gold Standard Era

In this paper we show that the spread of the classical gold standard in the late nineteenth century increased international trade flows. This positive effect was compounded whenever a group of countries formed a monetary union. Applying the gravity model of trade to more than 1,100 country pairs during the 1870-1910 period, we find that two countries on gold would trade 60 percent more with each other than with countries on a different monetary standard. Moreover, a monetary union would more than double bilateral trade flows. Our findings are relevant for current discussions on alternative monetary arrangements for the twenty-first century.
A Hard Look at What We Know (and Still Need to Learn) About the “Costs” of the Exclusionary Rule: The NIJ Study and Other Studies of “Lost” Arrests

The controversy over a “good faith mistake” exception to the exclusionary rule and the 1982 National Institute of Justice study of the effects of the rule in California have focused attention on the “costs” of the rule. This article reviews the NIJ study and seven other relevant studies and concludes that the NIJ study's claim that the rule has a “major impact” on the disposition of felony arrests is misleading and exaggerated. California data show that prosecutors reject only 0.8% (8 in 1,000) of felony arrests because of illegal searches. The effect of the rule is concentrated in drug cases in which the rejection rate by prosecutors is 2.4% (not 30%, as suggested by the NIJ study), but the rejection rate for non-drug arrests is less than 0.3%, and the rate is even lower for violent crimes. Even if one looks at the cumulative effect of the rule through all stages of the felony process in California, only about 2.35% of felony arrests are lost because of illegal searches, and this is a high-side estimate based on potentially atypical samples. Moreover, studies of “lost arrests” have not differentiated between arrests resulting from bona fide crime investigations and arrests that resulted from arbitrary searches or arrests that were made to seize contraband, for harassment, or for purposes other than obtaining a conviction. The author concludes that available data show the cost of the rule is marginal, especially in view of the ambiguous nature of the lost arrests. Moreover, it is doubtful that a good faith mistake exception would save any substantial proportion of the arrests lost following illegal searches. In particular, an exception for searches conducted under an improper warrant would save only a negligible proportion of lost arrests.
Konark - a service discovery and delivery protocol for ad-hoc networks

The proliferation of mobile devices and the pervasiveness of wireless technology have provided a major impetus to replicate the network-based service discovery technologies in wireless and mobile networks. However, existing service discovery protocols and delivery mechanisms fall short of accommodating the complexities of the ad-hoc environment. They also place emphasis on device capabilities as services rather than device independent software services, making them unsuitable for m-commerce oriented scenarios. Konark is a service discovery and delivery protocol designed specifically for ad-hoc, peer-to-peer networks, and targeted towards device independent services in particular. It has two major aspects - service discovery and service delivery. For discovery, Konark uses a completely distributed, peer-to-peer mechanism that provides each device the ability to advertise and discover services in the network. The approach towards service description is XML based. It includes a description template that allows services to be described in a human and software understandable forms. A micro-HTTP server present on each device handles service delivery, which is based on SOAP. Konark provides a framework for connecting isolated services offered by proximal pervasive devices over a wireless medium.
Progressive Postnatal Assembly of Limbic–Autonomic Circuits Revealed by Central Transneuronal Transport of Pseudorabies Virus

The development of neuronal projections to a target and the establishment of synaptic connections with that target can be temporally distinct events, which typically are distinguished by functional assessments. We have applied a novel neuroanatomical approach to characterize the development of limbic forebrain synaptic inputs to autonomic neurons in neonatal rats. Transneuronal labeling of preautonomic forebrain neurons was achieved by inoculating the ventral stomach wall with pseudorabies virus (PRV) on postnatal day 1 (P1), P4, or P8. In each age group, PRV-positive neurons were present in autonomic and preautonomic regions of the spinal cord and brainstem 62–64 hr after inoculation. Transneuronal forebrain labeling in rats injected on P8 was similar to the transneuronal labeling reported previously in adult rats and included neurons in the medial and lateral hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and visceral cortices. However, no cortex labeling and only modest amygdala and bed nucleus labeling were observed in rats injected with PRV on P4, and only medial hypothalamic labeling was observed in rats injected on P1. Additional tracing experiments involving central injections of PRV or cholera toxin β indicated that lateral hypothalamic and telencephalic regions projected to the medullary dorsal vagal complex several days before establishing synaptic connections with gastric-related autonomic neurons. These results demonstrate a novel strategy for evaluating synaptic connectivity in developing neural circuits and show a temporally segregated postnatal emergence of medial hypothalamic, lateral hypothalamic, and telencephalic synaptic inputs to central autonomic neurons.
Innate immunity and cardiac allograft rejection

The development of immunosuppressive drugs to control adaptive immune responses has led to the success of heart transplantation as a therapy for end-stage heart failure. However, these agents are largely ineffective in suppressing components of the innate immune system. This distinction has gained clinical significance as mounting evidence now indicates that innate immune responses have important roles in the acute and chronic rejection of cardiac allografts including cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Whereas clinical interest in natural killer (NK) cells was once largely confined to the field of bone marrow transplantation, recent findings suggest that these cells can also participate in the acute rejection of cardiac allografts and in the development of CAV. Stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), another important component of innate immunity, by endogenous ligands released in response to ischemia/reperfusion is now known to cause an inflammatory milieu favorable to graft rejection. Finally, new data indicate that activation of complement is linked to acute rejection and CAV. In summary, the conventional wisdom that the innate immune system is of little importance in whole-organ transplantation is no longer tenable. The addition of strategies that target TLRs, NK cells, and complement will be necessary to prevent CAV completely and to eventually achieve long-term tolerance to cardiac allografts.
The AGA1 product is involved in cell surface attachment of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell adhesion glycoprotein a-agglutinin.

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae a and alpha cells express the complementary cell surface glycoproteins a-agglutinin and alpha-agglutinin, respectively, which interact with one another to promote cellular aggregation during mating. Treatment of S. cerevisiae a cells with reducing agents releases the binding subunit of a-agglutinin, which has been purified and characterized; little biochemical information on the overall structure of a-agglutinin is available. To characterise a-agglutinin structure and function, we have used a genetic approach to clone an a-agglutinin structural gene (AGAI). Mutants with a-specific agglutination defects were isolated, the majority of which fell into a single complementation group, called aga1. The aga1 mutants showed wild-type pheromone production and response, efficient mating on solid medium, and a mating defect in liquid medium; these phenotypes are characteristic of agglutinin mutants. The AGA1 gene was cloned by complementation; the gene sequence indicated that it could encode a protein of 725 amino acids with high serine and threonine content, a putative N-terminal signal sequence, and a C-terminal hydrophobic sequence similar to signals for the attachment to glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors. Active a-agglutinin binding subunit is secreted by aga1 mutants, indicating that AGA1 is involved in cells surface attachment of a-agglutinin. This result suggests that AGA1 encodes a protein with functional similarity to the core subunits of a-agglutinin analogs from other budding yeasts. Unexpectedly, the AGA1 transcript was expressed and induced by pheromone in both a and alpha cells, suggesting that the a-specific expression of active a-agglutinin results only from a-specific regulation of the a-agglutinin binding subunit.
Markers of Marijuana Use Outcomes Within Adolescent Substance Abuse Group Treatment

Objectives: Despite their popularity, little is known about what distinguishes effective from ineffective or even iatrogenic adolescent group interventions. Methods: Audio recordings and transcript...
The World Bank and the Small Farmers

The new emphasis of the World Bank on lending to the 'small farmer' in fact means an attack on the self-provisioning peasantry aimed at forcing them into closer participation in the market economy. This aim is sometimes achieved forcibly, as in settlement projects, and sometimes through manipulation of price relationships or through a change in tenure systems to create a private market in land: institutional credit as well as private usury can lead to debt peonage.
Mechanism of chemical doping in electronic-type-separated single wall carbon nanotubes towards high electrical conductivity

Enhanced electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can enable their implementation in a variety of wire and cable applications traditionally employed by metals. Electronic-type-separated single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) offer a homogeneous platform to quantify the unique physiochemical interactions from different chemical dopants and their stability. In this work, a comprehensive study of chemical doping with purified commercial CNT sheets shows that I2, IBr, HSO3Cl (CSA) and KAuBr4 are the most effective at increasing the electrical conductivity of CNT films by factors between 3× and 8×. These dopants are used with electronic-type-separated SWCNT thin-films to further investigate changes in SWCNT optical absorption, Raman spectra, and electrical conductivity. The dopant effects with semiconducting SWCNTs result in quenching of the S11 and S22 transitions, and a red shift of 8–10 cm−1 of the Raman G′ peak, when compared to a purified SWCNT thin-film. The average electrical conductivity of purified semiconducting SWCNT thin-films is 7.3 × 104 S m−1. Doping increases this conductivity to 1.9 × 105 S m−1 for CSA (2.6× increase), 2.2 × 105 S m−1 for IBr (3.1×), to 2.4 × 105 for I2 (3.3×), and to 4.3 × 105 for KAuBr4 (5.9×). In comparison, metallic SWCNT thin-films exhibit only slight quenching of the optical absorbance spectra for the M11 transition, and shifts in the Raman G′-peak of less than 1 cm−1 for I2 and IBr, whereas KAuBr4 and CSA promote red shifting by 4 cm−1, and 7 cm−1, respectively, when compared to a purified control sample. The increase in electrical conductivity of metallic SWCNT thin-films is gradual and depends on the dopant. With an average value of 9.0 × 104 S m−1 for the purified metallic SWCNT thin-films, I2 doping increases the electrical conductivity to 1.0 × 105 (1.1× increase), IBr to 1.5 × 105 S m−1 (1.7×), KAuBr4 to 2.4 × 105 S m−1 (2.6×), and CSA to 3.2 × 105 S m−1 (3.5×). The time-dependent stability of the chemical dopants with SWCNTs is highest for KAuBr4, which remains in effect after 70 days in ambient conditions. The doping-enhanced electrical conductivity is attributed to the relative potential difference between the SWCNT electronic transitions and the redox potential of the chemical species to promote charge transfer. The results of this work reinforce the chemical doping mechanism for electronic-type-separated SWCNTs and provide a path forward to advance SWCNT conductors.
The Persistence of Race and Ethnicity in the use of Long-Term Care

We examine the use of nursing homes, formal personal care, informal Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assistance, and no care to identify racial differences in their use. Using the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey of both nursing homes and the community, multinominal logistic regressions controlled for predisposing, enabling, and need variables as well as other types of service use. Additional state-level variables make few changes in race/ethnicity parameters, indicating that race/ethnicity are not simply proxies for state-level variables. Older African Americans are less likely to use nursing homes than similar whites, with the lower institutionalization replaced by a higher use of paid home care, informal-only care, and no care. This suggests that formal in-home community care is not fully compensating for the racial differences in nursing home use. Persistent effects of race/ethnicity could be the result of culture, class, and/or discrimination that may impair equitable access to services.
Molecular organization of the mouse gastrin-releasing peptide receptor gene and its promoter

Abstract The murine gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (mGRP-R) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family and mediates important physiological actions of its specific ligand, the gastrointestinal hormone/neurotransmitter GRP, including mitogenic properties in the mouse Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Glucocorticoids and increases in intracellular cAMP are reported to alter GRP-R gene transcription, but the molecular basis for these effects is unknown. To begin to identify possible gene regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for modifying mGRP-R expression, we determined its structure and investigated its basal promoter activity. We isolated and characterized genomic bacteriophage P1 clones encoding the mouse gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (mGRP-R). By DNA sequencing and Southern blot analyses, we determined the protein coding region to be contained in three exons interrupted by two introns 20 and 2 kb in length. The open reading frame of the putative GRP-R gene encodes for a 384-amino-acid protein which demonstrates 48% identity with the mouse BRS-3 protein and 53% identity with the mouse NMB-R protein. The mGRP-R gene locus extends over 29 kb and was mapped to the X-chromosome (DXMit20) utilizing a minisatellite polymorphism in the 5′ UTR and by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). In Swiss 3T3 cells, which natively express mGRP-R, two gene-specific mRNA species of 3 and 7 kb can be detected by Northern blot analysis. With RNase protection assays, and independently with inverse PCR of 5′ RACE clones, common mRNA initiation sites were identified clustered between 21 and 61 bp downstream of a TTTAAA motif, which is located 450 bp upstream of the ATG translation start site. However, different polyadenylation sites are utilized. A 2 kb genomic DNA fragment extending from 2147 to 141 bases 5′ to the ATG translation start was cloned into a luciferase reporter plasmid and shown to contain promoter activity in Swiss 3T3 and COS-7 cells. Progressive promoter truncations and mutations of a cyclic AMP response element (CRE) located 83 bp upstream of the TTTAAA motif demonstrate that transcriptional mGRP-R activation in Swiss 3T3 cells only occurs when both the TTTAAA motif and the intact CRE site are retained. With the availability of the full structure of the mGRP-R gene and the minimal promoter sequences reported in this study, it will be possible in future studies to investigate the molecular basis for transcriptional regulation of the mGRP-R gene by glucocorticoids, cAMP and other factors.
Replacing Lecture with Peer-led Workshops Improves Student Learning

Peer-facilitated workshops enhanced interactivity in our introductory biology course, which led to increased student engagement and learning. A majority of students preferred attending two lectures and a workshop each week over attending three weekly lectures. In the workshops, students worked in small cooperative groups as they solved challenging problems, evaluated case studies, and participated in activities designed to improve their general learning skills. Students in the workshop version of the course scored higher on exam questions recycled from preworkshop semesters. Grades were higher over three workshop semesters in comparison with the seven preworkshop semesters. Although males and females benefited from workshops, there was a larger improvement of grades and increased retention by female students; although underrepresented minority (URM) and non-URM students benefited from workshops, there was a larger improvement of grades by URM students. As well as improving student performance and retention, the addition of interactive workshops also improved the quality of student learning: Student scores on exam questions that required higher-level thinking increased from preworkshop to workshop semesters.
The Revenue Cycle

Revenue cycle management is an important process that every successful medical practice must perform. This chapter will define the revenue cycle, discuss its key components, and help you begin the process of understanding and managing the process.
Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers Versus Nebulizers in the Treatment of Mechanically Ventilated Subjects With Artificial Airways: An In Vitro Study

Background The primary focus of previous aerosol research during mechanical ventilation was the endotracheal tube (ETT). Consequently, there are limited data in the literature on the delivery of inhaled medications administered with different aerosol devices in mechanically ventilated patients with a tracheostomy tube (TT). The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the efficiency of aerosol devices in a lung model of an intubated and mechanically ventilated adult with a TT. Methods An in vitro lung model was constructed to simulate a ventilator-dependent adult with a Portex TT and a Mallinckrodt ETT (8-mm inner diameter). Aerosol was collected distal to the bronchi of an adult mannikin on a filter attached to a passive test lung. A ventilator delivered adult breathing parameters (tidal volume 450 mL, breathing frequency 20 breaths/min, peak expiratory flow 40 L/min, and inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:3) to the airway. A jet nebulizer and pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) were placed in the inspiratory limb of the circuit 15 cm from the Y-adapter. The jet nebulizer was operated at 8 L/min to deliver albuterol sulfate (2.5 mg/3 mL), whereas an albuterol pMDI was actuated 4 times with a spacer. Drug was eluted from the filter and analyzed by spectrophotometry. Results Drug delivered via a TT was marginally greater compared with an ETT using the jet nebulizer and pMDI (P = .10 and .046, respectively). Although delivery efficiency with the pMDI was 3-fold greater than with the jet nebulizer with both a TT and an ETT (P = .001 and .002, respectively), the jet nebulizer delivered greater drug mass compared with the pMDI with either a TT (P = .01) or an ETT (P = .005). Conclusions Aerosol drug delivery via a TT was greater than with an ETT, whereas the delivery efficiency of a pMDI via either airway was greater than that of a jet nebulizer.
High‐Concentration Aqueous Dispersions of Nanoscale 2D Materials Using Nonionic, Biocompatible Block Copolymers

Conditions for the dispersion of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in aqueous solution at concentrations up to 0.12 mg mL(-1) using a range of nonionic, biocompatible block copolymers (i.e., Pluronics and Tetronics) are identified. Furthermore, the optimal Pluronic dispersant for MoS2 is found to be effective for a range of other 2D materials such as molybdenum diselenide, tungsten diselenide, tungsten disulfide, tin selenide, and boron nitride.
Causal clustering for 2-factor measurement models

Many social scientists are interested in inferring causal relations between "latent" variables that they cannot directly measure. One strategy commonly used to make such inferences is to use the values of variables that can be measured directly that are thought to be "indicators" of the latent variables of interest, together with a hypothesized causal graph relating the latent variables to their indicators. To use the data on the indicators to draw inferences about the causal relations between the latent variables (known as the structural model), it is necessary to hypothesize causal relations between the indicators and the latents that they are intended to indirectly measure, (known as the measurement model). The problem addressed in this paper is how to reliably infer the measurement model given measurements of the indicators, without knowing anything about the structural model, which is ultimately the question of interest. In this paper, we develop the Find- TwoFactorClusters (FTFC) algorithm, a search algorithm that, when compared to existing algorithms based on vanishing tetrad constraints, also works for a more complex class of measurement models, and does not assume that the model describing the causal relations between the latent variables is linear or acyclic.
Embedded joint-space control of a series elastic humanoid

This paper provides an overview of the embedded joint-space control approach developed for THOR, a new series elastic humanoid. The 60 kg robot features electromechanical linear series elastic actuators (SEAs), enabling low-impedance control of each joint in the lower body via linear to rotary and parallel mechanisms. We present a distributed joint impedance control framework that leverages a custom dual-axis motor controller to track position, velocity, and torque setpoints for each pair of joints. The required actuator forces are tracked using an inner force control loop combining feedforward and PID control with a model-based disturbance observer (DOB). Unlike previous approaches, we utilize an inverse plant model based on the open-loop actuator dynamics to simplify tuning of the cascaded controller by decoupling DOB estimates from the inner loop gains. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through trajectory tracking and dynamic walking experiments conducted on the THOR humanoid utilizing a complementary optimization-based whole-body controller.
Multi-version range concurrency control in Deuteronomy

The Deuteronomy transactional key value store executes millions of serializable transactions/second by exploiting multi-version timestamp order concurrency control. However, it has not supported range operations, only individual record operations (e.g., create, read, update, delete). In this paper, we enhance our multi-version timestamp order technique to handle range concurrency and prevent phantoms. Importantly, we maintain high performance while respecting the clean separation of duties required by Deuteronomy, where a transaction component performs purely logical concurrency control (including range support), while a data component performs data storage and management duties. Like the rest of the Deuteronomy stack, our range technique manages concurrency information in a latch-free manner. With our range enhancement, Deuteronomy can reach scan speeds of nearly 250 million records/s (more than 27 GB/s) on modern hardware, while providing serializable isolation complete with phantom prevention.
Stories As Academic Counseling Resources

AbstractThis article explores narrative activities in academic counseling encounters. It shows that academic counselors actively initiate, solicit, narrate, and collaborate on stories so as to display knowledge and expertise, assess and articulate students' counseling problems, and problematize otherwise nonproblematic situations. It suggests that narrative discourse is a resource for shaping knowledge, role identities, and problemsolving activities specific to the counseling setting.This article considers conversational stories as deeply situated within the interactional and institutional processes. By highlighting the narrative nature of both the counselor's and the student's talk and by documenting the counselor's narrative counseling strategies, it also extends existing research on conversational stories in interview settings, which focused on responses to interview questions. Illustrative data are drawn from video- and audiotaped, one-to-one academic counseling encounters that took place in an American university. (Linguistics)
Burning Characteristics of Fuel Droplets with Addition of Nanoparticles at Dilute and Dense Particle Loading

The burning characteristics of fuel droplets containing aluminum nanoparticles at dense and dilute loading rates were investigated. Physical and chemical methods to disperse particles evenly in liquids and to avoid agglomeration were described. Droplets were suspended on the crossing point of two thin silicon carbide fibers and the burning process was recorded using two orthogonally located high-speed digital cameras with and without backlight respectively. Droplet temperature history was acquired using fine wire thermocouples with data acquisition systems. Particle concentration, surfactant concentration and type of base fluids were varied to study their effects on droplet burning characteristics and burning rate. The results show that at high particle loading rates without presence of a surfactant, nanoparticles tend to agglomerate easily. And the burning process has two distinctive stages burning of the liquid fuel droplet as the first stage and burning of the large particle aggregate as the second stage. At low particle loading rates, however, most particles were transported to the flame zone shortly after ignition and were burned during the burning process of the liquid droplet. The results also show that addition of surfactant reduces droplet burning rate because of a surfactant layer formed around the primary droplet which inhibit diffusion. Similarly, addition of particles also reduces droplet burning rate, especially at high loading rate because of the solid agglomerate formed inside the droplet which also inhibit diffusion.
A Single Amino Acid Replacement in the Sensor Kinase LiaS Contributes to a Carrier Phenotype in Group A Streptococcus

Despite the high frequency of asymptomatic carriage of bacterial pathogens, we understand little about the bacterial molecular genetic underpinnings of this phenomenon. To obtain new information about the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying carriage of group A Streptococcus (GAS), we performed whole-genome sequencing of GAS strains recovered from a single individual during acute pharyngitis and subsequent asymptomatic carriage. We discovered that compared to the initial infection isolate, the strain recovered during asymptomatic carriage contained three single nucleotide polymorphisms, one of which was in a highly conserved region of a gene encoding a sensor kinase, liaS, resulting in an arginine-to-glycine amino acid replacement at position 135 of LiaS (LiaS(R135G)). Using gene replacement, we demonstrate that introduction of the carrier allele (liaS(R135G)) into a serotype-matched invasive strain increased mouse nasopharyngeal colonization and adherence to cultured human epithelial cells. The carrier mutation also resulted in a reduced ability to grow in human blood and reduced virulence in a mouse model of necrotizing fasciitis. Repair of the mutation in the GAS carrier strain restored virulence and decreased adherence to cultured human epithelial cells. We also provide evidence that the carrier mutation alters the GAS transcriptome, including altered transcription of GAS virulence genes, providing a potential mechanism for the pleiotropic phenotypic effects. Our data obtained using isogenic strains suggest that the liaS(R135G) mutation in the carrier strain contributes to the transition from disease to asymptomatic carriage and provides new information about this poorly described regulatory system in GAS.
Redbones and earth mothers: The influence of rap music on African American girls perceptions of skin color

While a small body of research has implicated rap music as a disseminator of colorist messages, more systematic explorations in this area are needed, particularly among youth. Employing an objectiv...
Science-based design of stable quantum dots for energy-efficient lighting

II-VI quantum dots, such as CdSe and CdTe, are attractive as downconversion materials for solid-state lighting, because of their narrow linewidth, tunable emission. However, for these materials to have acceptable quantum yields (QYs) requires that they be coated with a II-VI shell material whose valence band offset serves to confine the hole to the core. Confinement prevents the hole from accessing surface traps that lead to nonradiative decay of the exciton. Examples of such hole-confined core/shell QDs include CdTe/CdSe and CdSe/CdS. Unfortunately, the shell can also cause problems due to lattice mismatch, which ranges from 4-6% for systems of interest. This lattice mismatch can create significant interface energies at the heterojunction and places the core under radial compression and the shell under tangential tension. At elevated temperatures (~240°C) interfacial diffusion can relax these stresses, as can surface reconstruction, which can expose the core, creating hole traps. But such high temperatures favor the hexagonal Wurtzite structure, which has lower QY than the cubic zinc blende structure, which can be synthesized at lower temperatures, ~140°C. In the absence of alloying the core/shell structure can become metastable, or even unstable, if the shell is too thick. This can cause result in an irregularmore » shell or even island growth. But if the shell is too thin thermallyactivated transport of the hole to surface traps can occur. In our LDRD we have developed a fundamental atomistic modeling capability, based on Stillinger-Weber and Bond-Order potentials we developed for the entire II-VI class. These pseudo-potentials have enabled us to conduct large-scale atomistic simulations that have led to the computation of phase diagrams of II-VI QDs. These phase diagrams demonstrate that at elevated temperatures the zinc blende phase of CdTe with CdSe grown on it epitaxially becomes thermodynamically unstable due to alloying. This is accompanied by a loss of hole confinement and a severe drop in the QY and emission lifetime, which is confirmed experimentally for the zinc blende core/shell QDs prepared at low temperatures. These QDs have QYs as high as 95%, which makes them very attractive for lighting. Finally, to address strain relaxation in these materials we developed a model for misfit dislocation formation that we have validated through atomistic simulations.« less
Dispositional self-forgiveness, guilt- and shame-proneness, and the roles of motivational tendencies

Abstract We investigated relationships between dispositional guilt-proneness, shame-proneness, and self-forgiveness. Drawing on motivational frameworks, we theorized that shame-proneness should be wholly problematic for self-forgiveness, whereas some aspects of guilt-proneness may be adaptive. Consistent with this framework, across both community (n = 502) and college (n = 153) samples, guilt-proneness was positively associated with trait self-forgiveness, whereas shame-proneness was negatively associated. Models decomposing guilt- and shame-proneness further supported our framework, with key results replicating across samples. For guilt-proneness, a tendency to make negative behavior evaluations predicted self-forgiveness, but only indirectly via motivational tendencies. For shame-proneness, a tendency to make negative self-evaluations predicted decreased self-forgiveness largely directly. Together, results frame guilt-proneness as potentially beneficial for self-forgiveness, but only to the extent that its motivational characteristics are activated; shame-proneness was broadly negatively related to self-forgiveness. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
The Effect of Gas Injection on the High-pressure Physical Properties for Crude Oil in Fang48 Block

The high-pressure physical properties for crude oil in Fang48 block after injecting CO2, N2 and natural gas through laboratory experiment are studied. The high-pressure physical properties for crude oil have changed after injection gas; the saturation pressure, formation volume factor and solution gas-oil ration of crude oil increase; viscosity decreases and volume of crude oil expands. The more the amount of injecting gas, the greater the variation of the high-pressure physical properties for crude oil. Among these variations the variation as injecting CO2 is the greatest, followed by natural gas, and N2 the smallest. The variation of the high-pressure physical properties for crude oil as injecting gas is advantageous to decrease residual oil saturation and produce oil easily, thus increasing oil recovery efficiency.
Remaining problems in the treatment of patients with Wilms' tumor.

Major advances have been made in the treatment of children with Wilms’ tumor. Remaining areas of investigation include the role of adriamycin and the treatment of children with stage III and IV disease and the role of whole lung radiation therapy in the treatment of children with pulmonary metastases. Long-term follow up of successfully treated patients will provide valuable insight into the importance of genetic factors in the cause of Wilms’ tumor.
Access To Mental Health Care Increased But Not For Substance Use, While Disparities Remain

We assessed whether early implementation of Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion and state health insurance exchanges increased access to mental health and substance use treatment among those in need and whether these changes differed by racial/ethnic group. We found that mental health treatment rates increased significantly but found no evidence of a reduction in the wide racial/ethnic disparities in mental health treatment that preceded ACA expansion from 2005 to 2013.
Growing From Grief: Qualitative Experiences of Parental Loss

Currently, there are 2.5 million children in the United States who suffered the loss of a parent. Grieving children are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with their nongrieving peers. Adults (N = 19) who experienced a loss during childhood were interviewed to assess what was most helpful and most harmful in coping through the years following the death. The qualitative descriptions were coded and analysis of common themes determined. Five theoretical constructs were found: adjustment to catastrophe, support, therapy, continuing a connection with the deceased parent, and reinvestment. The findings have clinical applications for bereaved children, their families, and clinical programs targeting this population. The unique insights provide an emotionally salient expression of their experiences and provide a framework for how best to support this group.
Pomegranate Intake Protects Against Genomic Instability Induced by Medical X-rays In Vivo in Mice

ABSTRACTIonizing radiation (IR) is a well-documented human carcinogen. The increased use of IR in medical procedures has doubled the annual radiation dose and may increase cancer risk. Genomic instability is an intermediate lesion in IR-induced cancer. We examined whether pomegranate extract (PE) suppresses genomic instability induced by x-rays. Mice were treated orally with PE and exposed to an x-ray dose of 2 Gy. PE intake suppressed x-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in peripheral blood and chromosomal damage in bone marrow. We hypothesized that PE-mediated protection against x-ray-induced damage may be due to the upregulation of DSB repair and antioxidant enzymes and/or increase in glutathione (GSH) levels. We found that expression of DSB repair genes was not altered (Nbs1 and Rad50) or was reduced (Mre11, DNA-PKcs, Ku80, Rad51, Rad52 and Brca2) in the liver of PE-treated mice. Likewise, mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes were reduced (Gpx1, Cat, and Sod2) or were not altered (HO-1 and Sod1...
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) in Patients (pts) with Newly Diagnosed Leukemia: Incidence and Effect on Outcome.

Abstract Hemorrhage and infection carry significant morbidity and mortality in pts with leukemia. ICH can be a major clinical problem despite the current advances in supportive care. To analyze the incidence, outcome of ICH, and to identify potential risk indicators, we have conducted a retrospective analysis of pts with leukemia at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). We first reviewed all brain CTs of pts newly referred to MDACC from 1/2003 to 11/2003 with diagnosis of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or myeloproliferative disorder. Among 1185 pts (275 AML, 78 ALL, 163 CML, 296 CLL, 206 MDS, 47 MPD, 111 Other), 13 (1%) had ICH (8 AML, 3 APL, and 2 CML-myeloid blastic crisis). Based on this preliminary analysis, we limited this analysis to pts with newly diagnosed AML who received induction chemotherapy between 1/1998 and 11/2003. Among 993 such pts, 28 (3%) had ICH (parenchymal bleed in 12, subarachnoid hemorrhage in 4, subdural hematoma in 6, hemorrhagic infarct in 4, subarachnoid hemorrhage + subdural hematoma in 1, subarachnoid hemorrhage + subdural hemorrhage + parenchymal hemorrhage in 1) during the induction period (within 6 months after induction chemotherapy). Pt characteristics are shown in the table. Median time from induction therapy to ICH was 27 (0–122) days. In 16 (57%) pts death occurred before response to therapy could be determined (0–37 days). Thirteen out of 16 (81%) pts died of ICH as an immediate cause of death, and three of 16 (19%) died in the setting of multi-organ failure. Of 12 remaining pts whose disease status was assessed, 8 pts (66%) achieved complete remission (CR). Univariate analysis including age, gender, APL vs non-APL, cytogenetics, performance status, protective environment treatment, presence of antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD) and/or MDS, WBC Characteristics Age Male APL Platelet (x109/L) CR rate Median Survival ICH (n=28) 56 (36–84) 50% 29% 33(4–166) 29% 5 weeks No-ICH (n=965) 58 (17–89) 41% 6% 47(4–635) 54% 42 weeks
Understanding Associations between Information Seeking and Scanning and Health Risk Behaviors: An Early Test of the Structural Influence Model

ABSTRACTThis study examined proposed direct and mediating relationships in the Structural Influence Model (SIM) of Communication within the chronic disease context. Using data from the Annenberg National Health Communication Survey (N = 14,472), we tested the potential mediating roles of information seeking, information scanning, and social capital between social determinants of health and four chronic disease risk behaviors: exercise level, fruit and vegetable intake, cigarette smoking, and excessive alcohol use. Information seeking, information scanning, and social capital received support as potential mediators. Our results are largely consistent with predictions of the SIM and highlight the important role of communication in reducing health risks and increasing healthy behaviors.
Pattern and Adaptation in Individual Behavioral Differences

The existence of individual differences in behavior is a well-documented but poorly understood phenomenon. On the one hand, individual variation could be attributable to nonadaptive evolutionary processes, such as genetic drift, or to stochastic environmental forces that act upon a single genotype to produce an array of observed behavioral phenotypes. On the other hand, behavioral differences may reflect the action of the process of natural selection on the form, degree, context, and origins of differences in behavior. The characteristics of behavioral variation in any given species may themselves represent an adaptation which increases individual success. The nonadaptive “explanation” is common, but generally untestable; it makes no specific predictions, although implicitly it suggests that many observed types will be maladaptive. The functional interpretation leads us to expect pattern in the occurrence of individual variation both between and within species such that an individual’s behavior is more precisely fit for its peculiar circumstances. In this chapter, we explicitly pursue the possibility of functional and adaptive individuality. We review the reports of variation in social and foraging behavior and consider the existing explanations for this variation. We then try to develop a framework for further study which relates the appearance and controls on individuality to the life history of an organism and the dynamics of its foraging and social environments. This framework leads to some specific predictions both interspecifically and intraspecifically.
Simultaneous electrical recording of cardiac electrophysiology and contraction on chip

Prevailing commercialized cardiac platforms for in vitro drug development utilize planar microelectrode arrays to map action potentials, or impedance sensing to record contraction in real time, but cannot record both functions on the same chip with high spatial resolution. Here we report a novel cardiac platform that can record cardiac tissue adhesion, electrophysiology, and contractility on the same chip. The platform integrates two independent yet interpenetrating sensor arrays: a microelectrode array for field potential readouts and an interdigitated electrode array for impedance readouts. Together, these arrays provide real-time, non-invasive data acquisition of both cardiac electrophysiology and contractility under physiological conditions and under drug stimuli. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were cultured as a model system, and used to validate the platform with an excitation–contraction decoupling chemical. Preliminary data using the platform to investigate the effect of the drug norepinephrine are combined with computational efforts. This platform provides a quantitative and predictive assay system that can potentially be used for comprehensive assessment of cardiac toxicity earlier in the drug discovery process.
Abstract AP01: HE4 IS A BIOMARKER FOR NEWLY DIAGNOSED AND RECURRENT HIGH–GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCERS WITH NORMAL CA–125 VALUES

PURPOSE: CA125 is widely used for the diagnosis and monitoring of women with epithelial ovarian cancer. However, CA125 will not be elevated in ~20% of patients. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) was approved by the FDA in 2008 to monitor ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether HE4 would serve as a useful biomarker in patients with a normal CA125 at either the time of diagnosis or at the time of recurrence. METHODS: Twenty–one patients with high–grade serous ovarian cancer and CA125 values 1000U/ml served as positive controls and 11 patients without disease served as negative controls. Fourteen patients with an elevated CA125 at diagnosis (>50 U/ml) and a normal CA125 at the time of recurrence were also identified. HE4 was measured using the Abbott Architect i2000 assay and validation was performed using the Fujirebio HE4 ELISA assay. Normal age–based HE4 values were obtained from the published literature (Urban N, et al.; PMID: 22962406). Data was compared between groups using standard two–sided statistical tests. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis, the mean HE4 was 1082±437.9 in the positive control patients with elevated CA125, the mean HE4 was 50.96±11.43 in the patients without disease, and 214.4±236.9 in patients with a normal CA–125 (P = CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that HE4 values are elevated in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients with a normal CA125 value. HE4 also appears to be a potentially useful biomarker for detecting recurrent disease in patients with an elevated CA125 at the time of diagnosis who have a normal CA125 level at the time of recurrence. Citation Format: Katherine LaVigne, MD, Fanny Dao, MS, Nadeem Abu–Rustum, MD, Petar Jelinic, PhD, Lakshmi V. Ramanathan, PhD, Martin Fleisher, PhD, Douglas A. Levine, MD. HE4 IS A BIOMARKER FOR NEWLY DIAGNOSED AND RECURRENT HIGH–GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCERS WITH NORMAL CA–125 VALUES [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr AP01.
Redox-controlled carbon and phosphorus burial: A mechanism for enhanced organic carbon sequestration during the PETM

Abstract Geological records reveal a major perturbation in carbon cycling during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ∼56 Ma), marked by global warming of more than 5 °C and a prominent negative carbon isotope excursion of at least 2.5‰ within the marine realm. The entire event lasted about 200,000 yr and was associated with a massive release of light carbon into the ocean–atmosphere system over several thousands of years. Here we focus on the terminal stage of the PETM, during which the ocean–atmosphere system rapidly recovered from the carbon cycle perturbation. We employ a carbon-cycle box model to examine the feedbacks between surface ocean biological production, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbonate chemistry during massive CO2 release events, such as the PETM. The model results indicate that the redox-controlled carbon–phosphorus feedback is capable of producing enhanced organic carbon sequestration during large carbon emission events. The locale of carbon oxidation (ocean vs. atmosphere) does not affect the amount of carbon sequestered. However, even though the model produces trends consistent with oxygen, excess accumulation rates of organic carbon (∼1700 Pg C during the recovery stage), export production and δ 13 C data, it fails to reproduce the magnitude of change of sediment carbonate content and the CCD over-deepening during the recovery stage. The CCD and sediment carbonate content overshoot during the recovery stage is muted by a predicted increase in CaCO3 rain. Nonetheless, there are indications that the CaCO3 export remained relatively constant during the PETM. If this was indeed true, then an initial pulse of 3,000 Pg C followed by an additional, slow leak of 2,500 Pg C could have triggered an accelerated nutrient supply to the surface ocean instigating enhanced organic carbon export, consequently increasing organic carbon sequestration, resulting in an accelerated restoration of ocean–atmosphere biogeochemistry during the termination phase of the PETM.