cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Wing‐Loading: The Designer's Problem of Deciding o the Wing Area Necessary for his Purpose

IN considering the size of wings, which aero‐plane designers require to lift a given weight, the fact is very apparent that lifting surfaces have become smaller as the art of aeroplane design has advanced. Fig. 1 shows the trend of this development from pre‐war days up to now, expressed by a steady increase in wing loading (lb. per sq. ft.). How is this development likely to go on, and where will it end ?
STATIC AND DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF MICROPOWER TRANSISTOR LINEAR AMPLIFIERS

Silicon planar transistors which exhibit junction reverse currents smaller than 10-9 A and common emitter current transfer ratios greater than 50 for collector currents of 10-6 A are now available. An optimum design technique for the application of these devices in linear broadband amplifiers has been devised. A salient feature of this technique is that it provides a unified approach to the d.c. and large signal a.c. design of a micropower amplifier. Subject to initial constraints, the design technique: (1) provides a specified amplifier output power capability over a wide temperature range, (2) minimizes amplifier power drain, and (3) maximizes amplifier power gain. With slight modification, the optimum design technique also serves as the basis for a worst case design procedure for linear amplifiers considering transistor and resistor tolerance margins. The frequency response of micropower amplifiers can be accurately predicted on the basis of a unilateralized hybrid pi transistor equivalent circuit. Amplifier bandwidth may be significantly enhanced by means of a cascode circuit. Using a simple thermistor temperature compensation technique, micropower amplifiers have been designed whose gain and terminal impedances are virtually insensitive to large temperature changes. A common emitter broadband micropower amplifier operating from a 3 V supply with load and source impedances of 5 × 104 ω can provide a 10.8 V peak a.c. load voltage over the temperature range—50 ≤ T ≤ 100°C for a power drain of 23 × 10-6 W and a power gain of 25 db. If the peak load voltage capability is reduced to 0.15 V, this amplifier can accept 10 per cent worst case tolerance margins on all circuit resistors. Depending on transistor barrier capacitances and stray circuit capacitances, amplifier bandwidths vary from about 7 kc to 25 kc with two to five-time increases possible in the cascade circuit. Further improvements in bandwidth are readily available for larger operating powers.
Kinematic solutions of robots with continuous three-roll wrists using the zero reference position method

Robot manipulators have a variety of wrist arrangements. In commonly found wrist arrangements, the wrist axes are either cointersecting or nearly cointersecting, but rotations at some wrist joints must be restricted to avoid mechanical interference. Closed-form algebraic solutions for many simple robots with such wrists have been developed over the years. This paper deals specifically with robots with continuous 3-roll wrists. In a continuous 3- roll wrist, all wrist joints have unrestricted spin freedom without any mechanical inference. Although several manipulators now exist with such wrists, hardly any literature exists which deals with them. We present explicit closed-form solutions for robots with two types of continuous 3-roll wrists. The zero reference position method has been used to derive these solutions. The results presented in this paper should be useful in developing computer control for these robots with continuous 3-roll wrists.
X-ray diffraction studies of potassium-ammonia alkali-molecular ternary graphite intercalation compounds

Abstract We report high resolution X-ray diffraction and gravimetric studies of potassium-ammonia ternary GICs. Both the weight uptake and the sandwich thickness of the intercalated layers vary with the vapor pressure of NH 3 to which the binary potassium-graphite compounds are exposed. A model is presented to account for these observations and to relate them to the degree of change exchange exhibited by the potassium ions.
Quantitative analysis of microdebriders used in endoscopic sinus surgery.

Purpose: To develop a standardized in vitro model for evaluating efficacy of the microdebriders and to assess whether differences in efficacy exist among available microdebriders. Microdebriders combine suction of tissue with amputation by a hollow rotating cutter. Several models are available, and they are increasingly popular in endoscopic sinus surgery. Materials and Methods: Seven microdebriders were tested by using a standardized soft tissue model (standard fresh raw oysters excluding muscle) and a firm tissue model (standard fresh raw oyster muscle). Efficacy was measured in grams of tissue aspirated per minute. Models to simulate lamina papyracea (eggshell) and dura (egg sac) were also tested with each microdebrider. Results: Statistically significant differences in soft tissue aspiration were found between most microdebriders ranging from the Xomed (Jacksonville, FL) Straight Shot/4.0-mm blade (147 g/min); the ESSential Shaver (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN)/4.0-mm blade (99 g/min), the Linvatec (Largo, FL)/4.2-mm blade and Dyonics (Burscheid, Germany)/3.5-mm blade and Wizard Plus/4.0-mm blade (range 43 to 46 g/min), followed by the Hummer Il (Stryker, Santa Clara, CA) 4.0-mm blade (22.5 g/min), and finally the Xomed Wizard Plus/3.5-mm blade at 16 g/min. The Xomed Straight Shot/4.0 blade was statistically superior to all other microdebriders in efficiency of aspiration in the firm tissue model. All microdebriders were able to abrade a “bony” spicule and intact “dura,” whereas. none could abrade intact “bone,” Conclusions: Significant differences exist among the various microdebriders in this standardized model of efficiency of aspiration. Additional clinical factors including cost, safety, ease of use, and adaptability should also be considered in the choice of a microdebrider.
Assembly of wormhole aluminosilicate mesostructures from zeolite seeds

Aluminosilicate mesostructures (Si/Al = 1.6–49) with wormhole framework structures were assembled from protozeolitic nanoclusters (zeolite seeds) that normally nucleate the crystallization of faujasite (FAU), zeolite ZSM-5 (MFI) and zeolite Beta (BEA). The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium, the electrically neutral surfactant dodecylamine and the small molecule triethanolamine all are effective structure directors for the assembly of wormhole frameworks from zeolite seeds. The resulting aluminosilicate mesostructures exhibit high textural porosity, hydrothermal stability toward boiling water and 20% steam at 800 °C, and acidity for catalytic cumene cracking. That is, the amine and onium ion structure directors used to template a wormhole framework structure do not compromise the benefits provided by the zeolite seeds.
Preparation and characterization of lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) from acute monocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia cells

Leukemia cells from acute monocytic and myelomonocytic patients undergoing leukophoresis have been used to prepare large quantities of lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF). The chemical properties of normal leukocyte LAF and leukemia cell LAF from a single donor for industrial-scale purification. The human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 was also evaluated as a possible source of LAF. Although exhibiting several monocyte-specific properties, the U937 cell line failed to release LAF.
Mission-Centric Learning: Developing Students’ Workplace Readiness Skills

We discuss and evaluate the implementation of a mission-centric course project that is strategically tied to learning outcomes important to colleges of business. Specifically, to support our college’s mission, undergraduate students enrolled in a training and development class were tasked with applying course concepts to assess the need for, to design, and to deliver (to other business students) workplace readiness training. To aid other management educators interested in adopting similar strategically aligned and feedback-rich learning experiences, we outline and discuss relevant project planning, design, and facilitation issues, as well as present a summary of initial results derived from this project.
Low-temperature silicon homoepitaxy by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition with a Ta filament

Abstract Growth of 400 nm epitaxial silicon films on (1 0 0) silicon wafers at temperatures as low as 280 °C is demonstrated by use of a tantalum filament in hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. Systematic studies on the effects of substrate temperature and filament current show that the thickest epitaxial layers (450 nm) are grown at temperatures of ∼380 °C and that the epitaxial thickness before breakdown (hepi) decreases when the filament current (and growth rate) is increased. Higher substrate temperatures reduce the strain in the epitaxial layer. There are significant differences in film quality when films are grown with tantalum versus tungsten filaments, suggesting that growth chemistry is sensitive to the filament material.
Recovery of Standing Crop and Production Rate of a Brook Trout Population in a Flood-damaged Stream

Abstract The brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill) population in Valley Creek, Minnesota, recovered from heavy flood damage in 1965-66 in terms of standing crop, growth, and production rates over a period of 4 to 5 years. Standing crops of brook trout increased numerically by 20-fold from a low of 498/ha in 1966 to 10,882/ha in 1969, and in biomass by 6-fold from 25kg/ha in 1966 to a maximum of 148 kg/ha in 1970. Growth rate early in the recovery period was high due to the low density of trout but decreased in successive years as fish density increased. Annual production was about 50 kg/ha during the flood years but increased during the recovery years to a maximum of 167 kg/ha in 1969. Cohort production for the 1965 year class, the one most seriously affected by the floods, was about 15 kg/ha, whereas cohort production for the 1968 year class, the last one that could he completely followed in this study, was about 190 kg/ha. After the floods, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) immigrated in...
Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for heart failure

The syndrome of congestive heart failure is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality.1 Patients with heart failure have shortness of breath and a limited capacity for exercise, have high rates of hospitalization and rehospitalization, and die prematurely. The primary mode of therapy for this syndrome is based on antagonism of neurohormonal pathways (notably, the sympathetic nervous system2 and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis3,4) activated in the failing cardiovascular system. Drugs that antagonize these pathways decrease mortality and morbidity2–4 and in some cases improve the underlying structural abnormalities of the heart, a process termed “reverse remodeling.”5 On the basis of . . .
Linked Exploratory Visualizations for Uncertain MR Spectroscopy Data

We present a system for visualizing magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data sets. Using MRS, radiologists generate multiple 3D scalar fields of metabolite concentrations within the brain and compare them to anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. By understanding the relationship between metabolic makeup and anatomical structure, radiologists hope to better diagnose and treat tumors and lesions. Our system consists of three linked visualizations: a spatial glyph-based technique we call Scaled Data-Driven Spheres, a parallel coordinates visualization augmented to incorporate uncertainty in the data, and a slice plane for accurate data value extraction. The parallel coordinates visualization uses specialized brush interactions designed to help users identify nontrivial linear relationships between scalar fields. We describe two novel contributions to parallel coordinates visualizations: linear function brushing and new axis construction. Users have discovered significant relationships among metabolites and anatomy by linking interactions between the three visualizations.
Cognition in an African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Further evidence for comprehension of categories and labels.

This experiment was designed to examine further the comprehension skills of an African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus). For each test trial the parrot was shown a different collection of 7 physical exemplars (each collection chosen from among 100 objects of various combinations of shapes, colors, and materials); was asked 1 of 4 possible vocal questions, each of which requested a different type of information (e.g., «What color is [designated object]?») about a single object in the collection; and was required to reply vocally to each question
Learning to Read: Discourse Analysis and the Study and Practice of Adult Education.

Educators are inclined to think that the words they use in their discourses about policy, research, and practice mean what they mean them to mean. It is just as clear, however, that such discourses ideologically produce and reproduce relations of power that benefit some and disadvantage others. This essay begins an argument that educators need to learn to read. Learning to read means learning to read through the stated words and the presumed meanings of those words in our educational discourses about policy, research and practice in order to try to understand what such words might also mean.
Resisting the Exploitation of Contingent Faculty Labor in the Neoliberal University: The Challenge of Building Solidarity between Tenured and Non-Tenured Faculty

This article explores why tenured faculty, particularly at major public and private research universities, often have failed to engage in collective resistance to the rise of the neoliberal university and the exploitation of “casualized” academic labor. Thirty years of steady federal and state cuts in the funding of higher education have led to the quasi-privatization of public higher education, with both public and private universities viewing themselves as corporate entities that must maximize student tuition and corporate and philanthropic revenues while minimizing costs. This has led to a massive increase in the number of exploited contingent faculty whose precarious working conditions are akin to those of low-wage, temporary workers in the rest of the economy. This article explores various reasons behind the failure of most tenured faculty—particularly the eighty percent not in faculty unions—to engage in overt, sustained protest at the radical expansion in casualized faculty labor. The article also ...
Inhomogeneous broadening in spectral bands of carbonmonoxymyoglobin. The connection between spectral and functional heterogeneity

The rebinding kinetics of CO to myoglobin after flash photolysis is nonexponential in time below approximately 180 K; the kinetics is governed by a distribution of enthalpic barriers. This distribution results from inhomogeneities in the protein conformation, referred to as conformational substates. Hole-burning experiments on the Soret and IR CO-stretch bands test the assumption that an inhomogeneous distribution of conformational substates results in inhomogeneously broadened spectra. CO was slowly photolyzed at different wavelengths in the Soret band at 10 K. Both the Soret band and the CO-stretch band A1, centered at 1,945 cm-1, shift during photolysis, demonstrating that different wavelengths excite different parts of the distributed population. We have also done kinetic hole-burning experiments by measuring peak shifts in the Soret and A1 bands as the CO molecules rebind. The shifts indicate that the spectral and enthalpic distributions are correlated. In the A1 band, the spectral and enthalpic distributions are highly correlated while in the Soret the correlation is weak. From the peak shifts in the spectral and kinetic hole-burning experiments the inhomogeneous broadening is estimated to be approximately 15% of the total width in the Soret band and approximately 60% in A1. We have previously measured the tilt angle alpha between the bound CO and the heme normal (Ormos, P., D. Braunstein, H. Frauenfelder, M. K. Hong, S.-L. Lin, T. B. Sauke, and R. D. Young. 1988. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:8492–8496) and observed a wave number dependence of the tilt angles within the CO-stretch A bands. Thus the spectral and enthalpic distributions of the A bands are coupled to a heterogeneity of the structure.
Latent Root Regression Analysis

Least squares estimates of parameters of a multiple linear regression model are known to be highly variable when the matrix of independent variables is near singular. Using the latent roots and latent vectors of the “correlation matrix” of the dependent and independent variables a modified least squares estimation procedure is introduced. This technique enables one to determine whether the near singularity has predictive value and examine alternate prediction equations in which the effect of the near singrtlarity has been removed from the estimates of the regression coefficients. In addition a method for performing backward elimination of variables using standard least squares or the modified procedure is presented.
The Reemergence of Puccinellia rupestris (Poaceae) in North America

Abstract Puccinellia rupestris, British alkali grass or stiff saltmarsh grass, is a European halophyte that has only been documented in North America between 1867 and 1880 from coastal zones of New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. We documented Puccinellia rupestris from southern Ohio along an annually salted roadside habitat in 2007. Our collection represents the fourth United States record and the first vouchered report of this taxon from North America in 127 years. The stable population of this exotic grass demonstrates its ability to migrate inland from a coastal environment and become a newly established member the Ohio vascular flora.
Blood Clotting: The Force of Retraction

The force of blood clot retraction was measured and found to be at least 104 dyne/cm2; this is sufficient to deform many soft tissues and to allow clots to retract in vivo.
Treatment of Devic's Disease with Methotrexate and Prednisone

Abstract Devic's disease, which is characterized by attacks of optic neuritis and myelitis (often severe and associated with limited recovery), represents a major therapeutic challenge. We report our clinical observations of eight Devic's disease patients who were treated with prednisone and methotrexate or with cyclophosphamide alone. Four patients were stabilized with methotrexate and prednisone. Of the four patients treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide, only one was stabilized. Three patients who failed cyclophosphamide were subsequently stabilized on methotrexate and prednisone. Further investigations, such as multicenter controlled trials of methotrexate and prednisone in Devic's disease, would strengthen the conclusions from this small series.
Binding of PHF1 Tudor to H3K36me3 enhances nucleosome accessibility

Binding of the Tudor domain of the PHD finger protein PHF1 to H3K36me3 inhibits Polycomb PRC2 complex methyltransferase activity. Here, Musselman et al. characterize this interaction in the context of the full nucleosome and show dual binding of the PHF1 Tudor domain to H3K36me3 and double-stranded DNA.
Pain perception among emergency department patients with headache : Responses to standardized painful stimuli

Abstract Perception of pain varies significantly across groups of patients. The primary objective of this study was to measure perceived pain among Emergency Department (ED) patients with headache in response to standardized painful stimuli, including blood pressure (BP) cuff inflation and intravenous catheterization (IVC). In this prospective, case-control series, ED patients undergoing IVC and with a headache were compared to those undergoing IVC but without a headache. Medical care of participants was not altered. Data were collected by trained research assistants, including demographic and historical characteristics, and perceived pain scores. Using a 10-point verbal numeric rating scale (0 = no pain … 10=worst imaginable pain), participants rated their perceived pain of BP measurement and IVC. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CI) constructed around means and proportions were used to assess group differences. One hundred participants had headache; 100 participants with no headache served as controls. There were no differences between groups with regard to gender, ethnicity, or insurance status. Intravenous catheterization was successful in all 200 participants, with a median intravenous catheter gauge of 20 (range 18–24). There were no differences between groups in difficulty of insertion of intravenous catheter or number of intravenous catheterization attempts. Participants with headache reported significantly higher pain scores from BP cuff inflation (mean score 2.9) compared to participants without headache (mean 1.4; mean difference between groups 1.5, 95% CI 0.7–2.3). Participants with headache reported slightly higher pain scores from IVC (mean 4.6) compared to participants without headache (mean 3.9; mean difference between groups 0.7, 95% CI −0.2–1.6), but this difference was not significant. Among participants with headache, there were no statistically significant differences between single headache, acute headache ( / past 30 days ), and chronic headache (≥10/past 30 days ) for reported pain scores of BP cuff inflation or IVC . ED participants with headache reported significantly higher pain scores secondary to BP cuff inflation when compared to control participants without headache.
Transaminase levels in the digestive gland-gonad of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata.

Abstract 1. 1. In Biomphalaria glabrata , infected with Schistosoma mansoni , there is a significant decrease in GOT and GPT concentrations which may be caused by a decline in soluble protein. 2. 2. The decrease occurs by day 21 postinfection for GOT and day 28 postinfection for GOT and protein. 3. 3. Except for day 21 postinfection when GOT specific activity decreases, there is no alteration in transaminase specific activity. 4. 4. There may be a decline in snail tissue transaminase specific activity which is hidden by the maturation of cercariae with their high transaminase content.
Auditory Risk of Exploding Hydrogen-Oxygen Balloons.

Although hydrogen−oxygen balloon explosions are popular demonstrations, the acoustic impulse created poses a hearing damage risk if the peak level exceeds 140 dB at the listener’s ear. The results of acoustical measurements of hydrogen−oxygen balloons of varying volume and oxygen content are described. It is shown that hydrogen balloons may be used without auditory risk to typically situated participants. It is further shown that even small (∼0.1 mol total) hydrogen−oxygen balloons cannot be exploded without precaution, that is, ensuring that participants have hearing protection or are located sufficiently far away. In all cases, it is recommended that the presenter wear hearing protection.
Temperature dependence of ethanol depression: Linear models in male and female mice

Abstract The relationship between body temperature and ethanol sensitivity was studied in male and female mice. Age-matched drug-naive mice of both sexes were injected with 3.6 g/kg ethanol (20% w/v) and placed into a chamber kept at one of 8 designated temperatures from 13 to 36°C. In both sexes, wake-up rectal temperatures were significantly, positively correlated with chamber temperatures and sleep-times and were significantly, negatively correlated with wake-up brain and blood ethanol concentrations. Linear regression analyses indicated that wake-up temperature accounted for up to 71% of the variability in sleep-times and wake-up ethanol concentrations in these mice. Similar relationships were found when the change in body temperature from baseline (ΔT) was substituted for wake-up rectal temperature. Adding body weights and baseline temperatures did not improve the predictive ability of linear models based on wake-up rectal temperature alone. The results support the contention that body temperature represents an important determinant of ethanol sensitivity in both sexes. These findings provide additional evidence that ethanol sensitivity varies with body temperature in accordance with membrane perturbation theories of anesthesia.
Fuzzy chain subrings and their fuzzy direct sum

Abstract We characterize chain rings in terms of certain fuzzy ideals and by using the concept of minimial generating set. We also employ the concept of fuzzy direct sum to characterize Artinian principal ideal rings and to find the necessary and sufficient fuzzy conditions under which an Artinian ring is a direct sum of fields.
Mechanism behind the switching of current induced by a gate field in a semiconducting nanowire junction

We propose an orbital-controlled model to explain the gate field induced switching of current in a semiconducting PbS-nanowire junction. A single-particle scattering formalism in conjunction with a posteriori density-functional approach involving a hybrid functional is used to study the electronic current; both first- and higher-order Stark effects are explicitly treated in our model. Our calculation reveals that after a threshold gate voltage, orbital mixing produces $p$ components at the S atoms in the participating orbitals. This results in an interlayer orbital interaction that allows electrons to delocalize along the channel axis. As a consequence, a higher conductance state is found. A similar feature is also found in a PbSe nanowire junction, which suggests that this model can be used universally to explain the gate field induced switching of current in lead-chalcogenide nanowire junctions.
Iron, thyroid hormone and essential fatty acid status of Honduran preschoolers

Abstract Height (Ht), weight (Wt), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), free erythrocyte porphyrin (FEP), serum thyroxine (T 4 ), free T 4 (FT 4 ), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and fatty acid (FA) pattern of serum total lipid were assessed in two groups of Honduran preschoolers. By the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standards, the healthy rural children (Group 1, n=20) had normal Wt-for-Ht (47 percentile) despite their short stature (18 percentile) and low body weight (17 percentile). Their Hb, Hct values indicated that they were borderline anemic. A group of hospitalized protein-energy-malnourished (PEM) children (Group 2, n=10) was severely anemic. FEP/Hb ratios, however, indicated that Group 1 had no impairment of heme synthesis due to iron deficiency, and Group 2 was only moderately iron deficient. Serum T 4 and FT 4 levels of all children were within the normal range but Group 2 had 30% lower T 4 and 40% lower FT 4 than Group 1. TSH values were similar and within normal range. Significant correlations of Hb and T 4 , Hb and FT 4 , and FEP/Hb and FT 4 were observed. The PEM children were essential fatty acid (EFA) deficient. The FA pattern and the extremely low total serum FA level of Group 1 children suggest that they were marginally EFA deficient possibly because of energy insufficiency.
Biomechanical analysis for handle stability during maximum push and pull exertions

This study investigated the effect of handle stability on maximum push/pull force. It was hypothesised that people apply force in directions deviated from the pure push/pull direction to generate a moment that assists producing greater push/pull force when the handle position is fixed (stable) compared to when it is not fixed (unstable). Eight healthy subjects performed maximum push and pull exertions on a stable and an unstable handle in a seated posture, while maximum push/pull force, vertical force and lateral force were recorded. For the unstable handle, vertical and lateral forces were not different from zero during push and pull. For the stable handle, subjects intuitively applied significant downward force during push and significant upward force during pull exertions. As predicted from biomechanical analysis, this downward and upward force was found to be significantly associated with increased push and pull force, respectively, for the stable handle compared to the unstable handle.
GE-41COMPREHENSIVE AND INTEGRATIVE GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFUSE LOWER GRADE GLIOMAS

Diffuse lower grade gliomas (LGGs) are infiltrative gliomas that include astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and oligo-astrocytoma grades II and III. We present a comprehensive analysis of 293 LGGs using multiple genomic and proteomic platforms from TCGA to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular features of LGGs, to classify them in a clinically-relevant manner, and to identify potential therapeutic targets. Clustering of gene expression, miRNA expression, protein expression, DNA methylation and DNA copy number profiles identified respectively four, four, four, five and three clusters. When combined, it overwhelmingly pointed towards three superclusters: 1. IDH1/IDH2 wildtype; 2. IDH1/IDH2 mutant/chromosome 1p/19q intact; 3. IDH1/IDH2 mutant/chromosome 1p/19q co-deleted. The three groups included samples from grade II and III astro-, oligo- and oligo-astrocytoma histologies. The IDH wildtype subtype was characterized by a GBM like phenotype included focal gains of EGFR, CDK4 and MDM4, mutations in NF1, EGFR and PTEN, and a poor median survival. Approximately 55% of these cases were grade III astrocytomas, while the remainder were of mixed grade and histology. The IDH mutant/1p-19q intact group showed focal amplification of PDGFRA, MYC and CCND2, 100% mutated TP53 and 80% mutated ATRX. This group was not dominated by a single grade or histology. Finally, the IDH mutant and 1p/19q co-deleted subtype harbored frequent mutations in CIC, FUBP1, NOTCH1, TERT; few copy number alterations and was populated oligodendrogliomas (84%). The two IDH mutant groups associated with a favorable median survival. Based on integrated analysis of genome, transcriptome, methylome and proteome we showed that LGG naturally separates into three distinct groups that traversed grades and histologies. Importantly, we identified a subtype with LGG histology but a molecular GBM profile, suggesting that GBM standard of care may be warranted for these patients. We propose that classification of LGG should be revised based on IDH mutation and 1p/19q deletion status.
Fertility factor in Salmonella typhimurium.

IN crosses between Salmonella typhimurium strain LT-7 and Escherichia coli strain K-12 Hfr, it was found that recombination occurred only when the Salmonella strain carried a mutator factor, presumably1 a mutator gene (mut). Earlier studies had shown that the main effect of mut is to increase the rate of spontaneous mutation of virtually all genes with which it was tested2.
The CTD Oceanographic Rendering and Analysis Laboratory (CORAL)

Abstract The CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) oceanographic Rendering and Analysis Laboratory (CORAL) is a general purpose X Windows/OSF Motif-based computatioal environment for the archiving, browsing, analysis and display of geophysical data. CORAL provides the user with several noteworthy feature: 1) a consistent, robust and intuitive graphical user interface to a geophysical database(s) and related analysis and display functions that are user extensible; 2) a high-level database interface for acquiring any desired subset(s) of data from multiple databases; 3) a simplified method for manipulating subsets of data once retrieved from one or more databases; and 4) analysis functions organized as extensible libraries for use in a wide variety of geophysical problems. Moreover, the library structure allows other analysis capabilities (e.g., Statistical Sciences’ S-PLUS) to be added easily to CORAL. CORAL also provides graphical and rendering capabilities and support for several map projections commonly ...
The Semantic Web 10th year update

This talk is based on the fact that the Scientific American article by Tim Berners-Lee, Ora Lassila and James Hendler was published on May 21, 2001. The WIMS'11 conference is an appropriate event to reflect on the 10 years - successes and misses.
Combination therapies that inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 and leukotriene synthesis prevent disease in murine collagen induced arthritis

To determine the effect of combinations of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and inhibitors of leukotriene (LT) syntheses on collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. The CIA model was evaluated for the presence of eicosanoids in the paw tissue. Several selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors or non-selective non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were evaluated alone or in combination with leukotriene (LT) synthesis inhibitors in the CIA model. Arthritic paw tissue showed increased levels of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in comparison to normal paws. Analysis of mRNA levels indicated the inducible form of the COX-2 enzyme to be the source of prostaglandins. NSAIDs, COX-2 or leukotriene synthesis inhibitors administered alone in CIA decreased severity but had little effect on disease incidence. However, the combination of selective COX-2 inhibitors with leukotriene synthesis inhibitors produced significant decreases in both incidence and severity, suggesting an additive or synergistic effect. This effect was reversible with removal of drug. Little decrease in incidence was observed with the NSAID/5-LO inhibitor combinations. These results suggest that the induction of the disease in CIA is mediated by products of the COX-2 enzyme and LTB4 production, and that blockade of both pathways is required to prevent CIA.
Disruption of PPT2 in mice causes an unusual lysosomal storage disorder with neurovisceral features

The palmitoyl protein thioesterase-2 (PPT2) gene encodes a lysosomal thioesterase homologous to PPT1, which is the enzyme defective in the human disorder called infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. In this article, we report that PPT2 deficiency in mice causes an unusual form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis with striking visceral manifestations. All PPT2-deficient mice displayed a neurodegenerative phenotype with spasticity and ataxia by 15 mo. The bone marrow was infiltrated by brightly autofluorescent macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, but interestingly, the macrophages did not have the typical appearance of foam cells commonly associated with other lysosomal storage diseases. Marked splenomegaly caused by extramedullary hematopoiesis was observed. The pancreas was grossly orange to brown as a result of massive storage of lipofuscin pigments in the exocrine (but not islet) cells. Electron microscopy showed that the storage material consisted of multilamellar membrane profiles (“zebra bodies”). In summary, PPT2 deficiency in mice manifests as a neurodegenerative disorder with visceral features. Although PPT2 deficiency has not been described in humans, manifestations would be predicted to include neurodegeneration with bone marrow histiocytosis, visceromegaly, brown pancreas, and linkage to chromosome 6p21.3 in affected families.
Novel space-time-frequency codes with improved distance spectrum for mobile multi-path channels

In this article, we introduce a novel group of space-time-frequency codes based on multiple trellis coded modulation (MTCM). These codes are originally designed without accounting for the channel spectral and temporal correlation conditions. We improve the code performance by utilizing an augmented distance spectrum enhancement technique to serve for the wireless channels that undergo mobility and multi path fading. The performance of the new group of codes, with enhanced distance spectrum characteristics is investigated though numerical simulations
Control and Display Evaluation Using the Engineering Control Analysis Tool (ECAT)

In the DoD as well as in many industries increased use of automated sensors and advanced control systems is expected to reduce and/or change manning requirements. However, critical questions remain regarding the extent to which safety will be compromised if the cognitive workload associated with monitoring multiple automated systems is increased. This paper will describe a new tool that was developed to enhance the ability of human systems integration (HSI) professionals and systems engineers to identify operational tasks in which a high potential for human overload and error can be expected. The tool is entitled the Engineering Control Analysis Tool (ECAT). ECAT was designed and developed to assist in the analysis of: Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), operator task requirements, human error probabilities, workload prediction, potential control and display problems, and potential panel layout problems.
The relaxation of concentration polarization in a reverse osmosis desalination system

An analysis of diffusional effects in a system consisting of impermeable relaxation sections placed alternately between semipermeable membrane sections indicates significant attenuation of salt concentration at the boundary in the impermeable section. The analysis employed exploits Equation (16), a relation deduced by Lighthill (4), to avoid the necessity of using orthogonal function expansions which converge slowly in the diffusion entrance region which is studied here.
Improved magnetite recovery in coal cleaning by HGMS

A research program at this Laboratory has demonstrated successful recovery of magnetite at high throughput rates from mixtures of magnetite and coal-like those found in a coal-washing circuit-by High Gradient Magnetic Separation (HGMS). Improving the rate of magnetite recovery with HGMS over that found with conventional magnetic separators is an achievement important to the coal cleaning industry. A single-stage separator was used at rates up to 4.4 tons per hour per square foot of matrix cross-section. At this rate more than 99% of the magnetite was trapped along with less than 5% of the coal, an improvement over drum separators working in the particle size range of the feeds used in this study. Data is presented on the effect of loading on magnetite recovery and on non-magnetic material entrainment in the magnetic fraction. This fraction increases with increased loading indicating non-magnetics trapping but the effect is least at the highest material throughput values. Dispersants help to reduce entrainment, also. Some magnetic agglomeration appears to occur as the separation is performed but there seems to be little difference in separator performance on the basis of particle size.
Spatial structure and regeneration of Tetramerista glabra in peat swamp rain forest in Indonesian Borneo

We examined the spatial structure and regeneration of Tetramerista glabra, a dominant canopy tree in peat swamp rain forest in Borneo (West Kalimantan, Indonesia). T. glabra has strong spatial structure that changes dramatically during the life cycle; seedlings were highly aggregated, saplings were random and trees were evenly distributed. Germination and seedling relative growth were highest within canopy gaps, but seedling densities were highest at gap edges. Concentration of seedlings in gap edges, rather than localized seed dispersal, was responsible for seedling patchiness. The slope of the relationship between relative growth rate and seedling height decreased from gap, to gap edge to understory habitats, suggesting that competition within the seedling layer is more important in gaps than in the understory. The processes that break down seedling aggregation, leading to over-dispersion of trees, must be density dependent, but remain unknown.
Gender, the Home-Work Link, and Space-Time Patterns of Nonemployment Activities

AbstractBuilding upon recent theoretical work on the reconceptualized homework link, this study identifies out-of-home, nonemployment activities as another crucial component of the dynamic dependencies between home and work. Using travel diary data from Columbus, Ohio, and GIS-based three-dimensional visualization techniques, I compare the space-time patterns of these activities for three population subgroups. I examine the complex interrelations among women’s daytime fixity constraint, nonemployment activities, household responsibilities, and employment status using a nonrecursive structural equation model. The results show that women encounter higher levels of daytime fixity constraint than men regardless of their employment status. Such constraint is reduced when there are other adults in the household to share some of the domestic responsibilities. Women who face higher levels of fixity constraint are more likely to work part time. An important implication is that redressing the domestic division of l...
New perspectives on active tectonics: observing fault motion, mapping earthquake strain fields, and visualizing seismic events in multiple dimensions using satellite imagery and geophysical data bases

Remotely sensed imagery can be applied to neotectonic studies in ways quite different from its traditional use, the generation of enhanced spectral maps. Large neotectonic motions can be visually observed, seismogenic strain fields can be mapped, and the imagery can be combined with other geophysical data sets for synergistic, real-time exploration of multi-dimensional relationships. >
Remission and recurrence after withdrawal of therapy for ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.

Abstract Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease that scars mucus membranes and may lead to blindness. The authors studied the long-term effects of OCP in 104 consecutive patients (average follow-up, 4 years) to determine whether complete remission could be achieved after a course of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Prolonged periods of remission while not undergoing therapy were maintained in approximately one third of patients with OCP. Follow-up must be continued for life, as relapse occurred in 22% of those who were in remission and not undergoing therapy. Those who relapsed regained disease control readily upon reinstitution of therapy and did not deteriorate to more advanced cicatrization. Sex, age, initial degree of inflammation, and the incidence of extraocular involvement did not have a prognostic significance on outcome. Mechanisms that underlie the differing responses to therapy are not yet known.
Statistical Properties of a DNA Sample Under the Finite-Sites Model

Statistical properties of a DNA sample from a random-mating population of constant size are studied under the finite-sites model. It is assumed that there is no migration and no recombination occurs within the locus. A Markov process model is used for nucleotide substitution, allowing for multiple substitutions at a single site. The evolutionary rates among sites are treated as either constant or variable. The general likelihood calculation using numerical integration involves intensive computation and is feasible for three or four sequences only; it may be used for validating approximate algorithms. Methods are developed to approximate the probability distribution of the number of segregating sites in a random sample of n sequences, with either constant or variable substitution rates across sites. Calculations using parameter estimates obtained for human D-loop mitochondrial DNAs show that among-site rate variation has a major effect on the distribution of the number of segregating sites; the distribution under the finite-sites model with variable rates among sites is quite different from that under the infinite-sites model.
Radiocarbon After Four Decades: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, edited by R(oyal) E. Taylor, Austin Long, and Renee S. Kra, Springer-Verlag, New York

Topics of the 35 papers included in this volume from the June 1990 conference cover a wide range of areas germane to archaeology. Some are exlusively technical, some review the most recent state of the art for a disciplinary area, and others, of most interest to the readers of this Bulletin, provide historical insights into the development of the field.
Has stem cell transplantation come of age in the treatment of sickle cell disease

Currently, hematopoietic SCT (HCT) is the only intervention that can restore normal hematopoiesis to provide a 'cure' in sickle cell disease. Yet, this treatment modality is used sparsely-a total of less than 400 transplants are reported in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database despite 70,000 afflicted in the United States; 88% of transplants are from HLA-matched sibling donors and 84% are <16 years of age at transplant. Overall survival at 3 years is over 90% after HCT in the young but 62% in adult HCT recipients due to increased disease and transplant-related morbidity. The decision and timing of HCT is a dilemma for physicians and families due to the need to consider HCT before severe organ damage in a disease that is generally not fatal in children with adequate supportive care. From the transplant physician's perspective, however, advances in the ability to identify well-matched donors, supportive care and promising conditioning regimens with low toxicity and transplant complications support the development of new HCT trials for sickle cell disease as the risk/benefit ratio can be balanced better. With the recognition of new predictors of early mortality, the anticipation of extensive and expensive life-long medical support, and the poor quality of life despite medical care, the scales tip in favor of HCT. This is prime time for the development of careful unrelated donor HCT trials for sickle cell disease. Research efforts targeting HCT will need to be directed at seeking safe and effective transplant methods applicable to all patients who might derive benefit.
A developmental and energetic basis linking larval oyster shell formation to acidification sensitivity

[1] Acidified waters are impacting commercial oyster production in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, and favorable carbonate chemistry conditions are predicted to become less frequent. Within 48 h of fertilization, unshelled Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae precipitate roughly 90% of their body weight as calcium carbonate. We measured stable carbon isotopes in larval shell and tissue and in algal food and seawater dissolved inorganic carbon in a longitudinal study of larval development and growth. Using these data and measured biochemical composition of larvae, we show that sensitivity of initial shell formation to ocean acidification results from diminished ability to isolate calcifying fluid from surrounding seawater, a limited energy budget and a strong kinetic demand for calcium carbonate precipitation. Our results highlight an important link between organism physiology and mineral kinetics in larval bivalves and suggest the consideration of mineral kinetics may improve understanding winners and losers in a high CO2 world.