cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jacobian pairs II

Abstract In this paper we prove that the two variable case of the Jacobian Conjecture is equivalent to the statement: If f ( x , y ) and g ( x , y ) are polynomials in two variables with coefficients in a field of characteristic 0 and f and g satisfy the Jacobian condition, then the edge of the Newton polygon of f that is adjacent to the vertical axis has slope less than one.
The evolutionary context for a self–nonself discrimination

This essay was written to illustrate how one might think about the immune system. The formulation of valid theories is the basic component of how-to-think because the reduction of large and complex data sets by the use of logic into a succinct model with predictability and explanatory power, is the only way that we have to arrive at “understanding”. Whether it is to achieve effective manipulation of the system or for pure pleasure, “understanding” is a universally agreed upon goal. It is in the nature of science that theories are there to be disproven. An experimentally disproven theory is a successful one. As they fail experimental test one by one, we end up with a default theory, that is, one that has yet to fail. Here, using the self–nonself discrimination as an example, how-to-think as I see it, will be illustrated.
From Language to Empire: Walt Whitman in the Context of Nineteenth-Century Popular Anglo-Saxonism

Examines Whitman's relationship to nineteenth-century Anglo-Saxonism (as seen in such periodicals as The Anglo-Saxon) and proposes that "his vocabulary of Anglo-Saxonism problematizes his call for equality and universality," producing tensions in his work--"his changing focus from language to racial superiority and then to the postbellum negation of that superiority demonstrates the complexity of Whitman's politics"-and leading him after 1860 to employ "both new vocabulary and new ideas which actively contradict the familiar strains of Anglo-Saxonism."
Repair of the ultraviolet-irradiated male genome in fertilized mouse eggs

Unscheduled DNA synthesis occurred in both male and female pronuclei of the mouse zygote in response to irradiation with ultraviolet light, indicating a capacity for excision repair. Furthermore, damage to DNA of the male gamete before fertilization can be repaired after the sperm enters the egg cytoplasm.
Magnetic Properties of Copper-Nickel Alloys

The magnetic susceptibility of alloys of copper and nickel in proportions ranging from 0.1 to 70 percent nickel have been studied. X-ray photographs of the alloys show that they are a homogeneous mixture of the copper and nickel crystals. Although copper is only weakly diamagnetic it requires 0.8 or 0.9 percent nickel to neutralize this diamagnetic effect and 56 percent nickel is required before the alloy shows ferromagnetic properties at ordinary temperatures. For amounts of nickel from one percent up to 30 percent the alloy, while paramagnetic in most respects, does not obey any known law of paramagnetism with regard to temperature. As the temperature is increased the susceptibility first increases and then decreases, the maximum occurring in the neighborhood of the Curie point for nickel. In the case of alloys containing more than 30 percent nickel the susceptibility decreases with increase of temperature for temperatures above 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.
Naloxone causes apparent antinociception and pronociception simultaneously in the rat paw formalin test.

Abstract Naloxone is known to decrease, increase or have no effect on nociceptive thresholds. Here, using two commonly accepted pain-related behaviors (licking and flinching) associated with injection of noxious formalin into a hind paw in rats, naloxone (0.1–1 mg/kg s.c.) simultaneously decreases and increases nociceptive responding in the same animal. Licking, which is reduced by naloxone, is enhanced by low doses but attenuated by high doses of morphine. However, although licking initially increases with a rise in formalin concentration, at higher concentrations the time spent licking the injected paw actually declines. By contrast, flinching, which is enhanced by naloxe is only antagonized by morphine and increases linearly with formalin concentration. Both actions of naloxone can be interpreted in terms of a leftward shift in the formalin concentration-response curves. This study demonstrates that naloxone can increase formalin-induced flinching while simultaneously decreasing licking behavior. These findings suggest that, on its own, an unexpected decrease a single nociceptive index may be an inadequate criterion for demonstrating antinociception.
Measurement and analysis of grain boundary grooving by volume diffusion

Experimental measurements of isothermal grain boundary grooving by volume diffusion are carried out for Sn bicrystals in the Sn-Pb system near the eutectic temperature. The dimensions of the groove increase with a temporal exponent of 1/3, and measurement of the associated rate constant allows the determination of the product of the liquid diffusion coefficient D and the capillarity length Gamma associated with the interfacial free energy of the crystal-melt interface. The small-slope theory of Mullins is generalized to the entire range of dihedral angles by using a boundary integral formulation of the associated free boundary problem, and excellent agreement with experimental groove shapes is obtained. By using the diffusivity measured by Jordon and Hunt, the present measured values of Gamma are found to agree to within 5 percent with the values obtained from experiments by Gunduz and Hunt on grain boundary grooving in a temperature gradient.
Mechanisms of increasing expression of a yeast gene in Escherichia coli.

Abstract Escherichia coli strains with increased expression of the cloned yeast his3 gene were selected. In some mutants an E. coli chromosomal locus is altered; in others the yeast his3 sequence is affected. Alterations of the his3 sequence include a point mutation, deletion, and IS2 insertion. When IS2 inserts into the yeast sequence, all pre-existing copies of IS2 are maintained in their original location in the E. coli chromosome. The results indicate that E. coli can employ a variety of mechanisms to increase expression of a foreign gene.
Acute presentation of epidural Ewing's sarcoma

Acute transverse myelitis is most common in postviral infections, post-immunization or is associated with multiple sclerosis. Primary central nervous system lymphoma very rarely involves spinal cord and its presentation as myelitis is more uncommon. This case is a rare presentation of a rare disease.
The construction and smoothness of invariant manifolds by the deformation method

This paper proves optimal results for the invariant manifold theorems near a fixed point for a mapping (or a differential equation) by using the deformation, or Lie transform, method from singularity theory. The method was inspired by the difficulties encountered by the implicit function theorem technique in the case of the center manifold. The idea here is simply to deform the given system into its linearization and to track this deformation using the flow of a time-dependent vector field. Corresponding to the difficulties with the center manifold encountered by other techniques, we run into a "derivative loss" in this case as well, which is overcome by utilizing estimates on the differentiated equation. A survey of the other methods used in the literature is also presented.
The Colon Patch Graft Procedure for Extensive Aganglionosis: Long-Term Follow-Up

Abstract Purpose: During the last 17 years, the authors have used the colon patch graft (CPG) procedure to treat 11 patients with extensive aganglionosis. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the CPG procedure in treating patients with this disorder. Methods: An initial ileostomy was created during infancy in all 11 patients. At 1 to 21 months (mean, 5.5 months) of age, an 11- to 40-cm (mean, 18 cm) side-to-side ilecolostomy (CPG) was created between the ileum and aganglionic ascending colon, (including aganglionic ileum in three patients). Ten patients later underwent a Swenson-type definitive operation, the CPG segment being brought down to the anus at 9 to 30 months (mean, 19 months) of age. These 10 patients have been followed up for growth, development, and bowel habit patterns for the subsequent 5 to 17 years (mean, 12 years). Results: Within 1 month after the CPG was created, intravenous nutrition could be discontinued and the patients treated at home until time for the definitive procedure. During this period, one patient died of aspiration. After the definitive operation, body weight for age returned to a normal range in 2 to 4 years. Currently, seven older patients have one to three bowel movements per day, whereas three younger patients have explosive diarrheal defecations. None are incontinent of stool. Iron deficiency anemia developed in four patients. Two are mentally retarded, but the others are doing well in school. Conclusions: (1) The colon patch graft procedure effectively reduces "ileostomy diarrhea", shortening the period of intravenous nutrition to 1 month, (2) bowel habit patterns improve with the advance of time, (3) body weight for age returns to normal 2 to 4 years after the definitive procedure, and (4) during long term follow-up, patients must be evaluated for iron deficiency anemia.
Reverse polarity pacing: the hemodynamic benefit of anodal currents at lead tips for cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Background: Myocardial depolarization can be achieved with currents of either anodal or cathodal polarity. In contrast to conventional cathodal pacing, anodal pacing initially hyperpolarizes tissue and improves myocardial contractility in animal models. Methods and Results: In 13 patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device implantation, we compared the mean left ventricular outflow velocity-time integral (LV-VTI) for anodal and cathodal polarities in three different pacing configurations. Intraoperative continuous-wave Doppler measurements were taken at a fixed interrogation angle, while polarities were switched during unipolar left ventricular, unipolar biventricular, and shared-coil biventricular pacing. Comparisons used identical pacing rates, intervals, and stimulus strengths. Patients had a mean ejection fraction of 0.18 ± 0.08 and a mean QRS duration of 140 ± 34 ms. All capture thresholds were less than 4.5 volts at a pulse width of 0.4 ms. Data were suitable for analysis in 37 of the 39 pairs of Doppler measurements. Anodal polarity significantly increased average LV-VTI in 36 of these 37 comparisons. The mean increase in LV-VTI for each configuration with anodal versus cathodal polarity was 2.8 ± 2.6 cm (P < 0.001). The combined mean LV-VTI for all configurations was similarly higher for anodal polarity (24.4 ± 11.7 cm) versus cathodal polarity (21.7 ± 10.9 cm; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Anodal pacing polarity significantly improves a measure of LV function compared to traditional cathodal currents. Anodal pacing, which can be achieved by a simple reversal of pacing circuit polarity, may represent an important therapeutic addition to future resynchronization devices.
Litter and forest-floor dynamics in a Pinus resinosa plantation in Wisconsin

Breakdown of dry matter and release of nutrients from decomposing leaf litter and forest-floor material were measured in a 34-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation in central Wisconsin using (1) leaf-litter bags (2) litterfall and forest-floor nutrient data and an exponential decay function, and (3) nutrient flux data and a mass balance equation. After one year of decomposition, 77% of the original dry matter in leaf-litter bags remained. The release of macronutrients in decomposing leaf litter was K>Mg>P, S>N>Ca, and the release of micronutrients and aluminum was Mn, B>Al>Cu>Zn. Nitrogen in decomposing leaf litter showed the leaching, accumulation, and final release phases delineated by Berg and Staff4. Half-lives of dry matter and nutrients in the forest floor ranged from 0.5 (K) to 39 (Al) yr. Forest-floor turnover rates of the various elements followed the same trends as in leaf-litter bags except that Ca turned over more readily than P, S, and N and Zn turned over more readily than the other micronutrients. A forest-floor nutrient balance sheet confirmed that the macronutrients N and Ca are accumulating most readily in the forest floor. The overall implications of these trends for tree nutrition are discussed.
ON THE PROPAGATION OF FREQUENCIES AND ENERGY IN CERTAIN TYPES OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC WAVES

Abstract In this paper the energy and frequency propagation in certain types of plane waves in the atmosphere and in the ocean are investigated, these wave trains being characterized by the property that frequency and wave number are slowly varying functions of the space coordinate and time. The assumption is made that wave crests are conserved, and on this basis a simple kinematic relationship between frequency and wave number is established. Wave trains for which the physical theory results in a frequency equation of such a character that phase velocity and wave length uniquely determine each other are then found to possess a characteristic group velocity, and it is shown that frequencies (and hence group velocities) are propagated with this characteristic group velocity. In the more general case the frequency equation resulting from the physical theory is found to contain a correction term which is an explicit function of the space coordinate and time. In that case observers travelling with the convent...
Theoretical Models of Affectionate Versus Affectionless Control in Anxious Families: A Critical Examination Based on Observations of Parent–Child Interactions

Psychosocial theories focused on the intrafamilial transmission of anxiety often concentrate on specific parenting behaviors that increase risk of anxiety disorders in children. Two such theories—affectionate versus affectionless control—both implicate parenting, although differently, in the pathogenesis of childhood anxiety. The present article reviews observational studies that focus on interactions between parents and children in anxious families in order to examine critically each of these two models. We divide these observational studies into two groups: those that seek to characterize the behavior of anxious parents (top-down studies) versus parents of anxious children (bottom-up studies). This approach reveals that there is a consistent relationship between controlling parental behavior in families with anxiety-disordered children as well as a consistent relationship between parental behavior low in warmth and families with anxiety-disordered parents. The present article discusses the implications of the pattern that unfolds from the observational studies of the last decade and provides suggestions for future research in the area.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Proton Transport through the Influenza A Virus M2 Channel

The structural and dynamical properties of a solvated proton in the influenza A virus M2 channel are studied using a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation technique. The second-generation multi-state empirical valence bond (MS-EVB2) model was used to describe the interaction between the excess proton and the channel environment. Solvation structures of the excess proton and its mobility characteristics along the channel were determined. It was found that the excess proton is capable of crossing the channel gate formed by the ring of four histidine residues even though the gate was only partially open. Although the hydronium ion itself did not cross the channel gate by traditional diffusion, the excess proton was able to transport through the ring of histidine residues by hopping between two water molecules located at the opposite sides of the gate. Our data also indicate that the proton diffusion through the channel may be correlated with the changes in channel conformations. To validate this observation, a separate simulation of the proton in a "frozen" channel has been conducted, which showed that the proton mobility becomes inhibited.
The home care practice and attitudes of Minnesota family physicians.

Objective: Assess home care practice and attitudes of Minnesota family physicians (FPs). Design: Mailed survey. Setting: State of Minnesota. Participants: Members of the Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians, 80% of the FPs practicing in the state. Intervention: A 55-item mailed, self-complete questionnaire regarding general practice and personal physician characteristics (18 questions), specific questions regarding geriatric and home care practice and related attitudes (37 questions); up to four reminder or follow-up surveys were sent. Main Outcome Measures: Descriptive summary of FP home care practice and attitudes. Results: Eighty percent of surveys were completed, 76% of responding physicians made at least one home visit in the previous year, and 92% of home visits were to geriatric patients. Discriminant function analysis identified six significant (P < 0.001) variables that explained 52% of the variance (r2 = 0.52, Wilks Lambda = 0.48) in home visiting behavior between frequent home visiting FPs (greater than 24 visits/year) and non-visiting FPs. FPs most likely to do home visiting were older and tended to have small group or solo practices in rural settings. Conclusion: The survey documented continued decline (from previously published surveys) of physician home visiting behavior and widespread dissatisfaction with reimbursement. However, attitudes regarding home care provided by other professionals were highly positive.
Drosophila Myosin II, Zipper, is essential for ommatidial rotation

The adult Drosophila retina is a highly polarized epithelium derived from a precursor tissue that is initially symmetric across its dorsoventral axis. Specialized 90° rotational movements of subsets of cells, the ommatidial precursors, establish mirror symmetry in the retinal epithelium. Myosin II, or Zipper (Zip), a motor protein, regulates the rate at which ommatidia rotate: in zip mutants, the rate of rotation is significantly slowed. Zip is concentrated in the cells that we show to be at the likely interface between rotating and non-rotating cells: the boundary between differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Zip is also robust in newly added ommatidial cells, consistent with our model that the machinery that drives rotation should shift to newly recruited cells as they are added to the growing ommatidium. Finally, cell death genes and canonical Wnt signaling pathway members genetically modify the zip phenotype.
A computer-automated laboratory for studying complex perception-action skills

In this paper, we describe a computer-based laboratory for collecting and analyzing real-time performance and eye-movement data by using video game-like tasks. These tasks assess skills that require the integration of varying numbers of perception and action components. Customized hardware and software are described for configuring tasks, collecting data, reconstructing performance, and organizing, editing, and reducing data. General design considerations are emphasized for solving several of the problems encountered in constructing a real-time data collection system. The paper concludes with examples of data that illustrate the system’s usefulness for studying complex perception-action skills.
Teal Amber Development And Field Demonstration Results

Deep space surveillance is going through an evolutionary process. The impetus for this evolution stems from the changing threat and the requirement to perform more demanding missions. These requirements have placed severe demands on our existing technology and stimulated the search for new technology developments that will provide higher performance. The emergence of charge coupled device (CCD) technology offers great promise in the area of deep space surveillance. To pursue further the capability of CCD's and to quantify their performance advantages, DARPA sponsored the Teal Amber I program in early 1976. Teal Amber I is designed to develop visible CCD technology and to conduct a focal plane development and demonstration program. This paper presents the reader with a description of the sensor system concept, an overview of the process by which it is derived, and the performance predictions for the sensor in a full-up focal plane configuration. The focal plane processing system is described along with the development and status of the imager charge coupled devices. The paper concludes with a description of the Phase II demonstration program and the perform-ance results that were achieved in Phase II.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Conservation of Drill Populations in Bakossiland, Cameroon: Historical Trends and Current Status

Very little information is available on the current status of drill populations in Cameroon. We report on drill group sizes and status in Bakossiland, a mountainous area spanning 2000 km2 in the Littoral and South West Provinces of southwestern Cameroon. Between 1970 and 2002 direct visual counts of drill groups (n = 105) yielded group size estimates ranging from 5 to 400 (mean ± S.E.M.; 93.1 ± 8.4). We encountered solitary adult male drills on 8 occasions. Groups were at all elevations (150–2000 m) in 5 habitat types: lowland, premontane, submontane and montane forests and montane savannah at 2000 m). Group sizes did not vary with respect to elevation, habitat type or season (wet and dry mo). However, over the past decade drills have been virtually hunted out of the Mwenzekong Mountains (Banyang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary), and they are greatly reduced in the southern Bakossi forests of Mwendolengo, Edib Hills and Mungo River. The species became extinct in the Loum Forest Reserve in the late 1970s, and until recently was thought to have become extinct on Mount Mwanenguba. Since 1994 on Mount Kupe, the drill population has begun to recover, largely due to protection afforded by the Bakossi traditional chiefs. Traditional powers and values are still influential in the region. A new national park—Bakossi Mountains National Park— and associated Protected Areas are currently under gazettment. We discuss the effectiveness of conservation strategies in relation to the survival of drills in the area.
Application Of Moire And Speckle Techniques To Curved Surfaces Using A Periphery Camera

By using aoperiphery camera which is capable of 360° viewing we have extended the in-plane, shadow and reflection moire methods and laser and white light speckle methods to cylindrical surfaces without the perspective effect.
China's importation of Western psychiatry: Cultural relativity and mental disorders

As one aspect of China's modernization, the importation of Western psychiatric ideas poses a mystery. How are such ideas integrated with traditional assumptions? The apparently wholesale adoption of Western psychiatric categories runs counter to the fact that the Chinese have been generally reluctant to define problems in highly individualized psychiatric terms. Our lack of knowledge as to how the Chinese and Western medical models interface raises questions about the cross-cultural applicability of psychiatric theory. Ironically, the very conceptual categories intended to facilitate professional discourse obscure cultural, political, and epistemological differences between Chinese and Western thought.
An explicit fusion algebra isomorphism for twisted quantum doubles of finite groups

We exhibit an isomorphism between the fusion algebra of the quantum double of an extraspecial p-group, where p is an odd prime, and the fusion algebra of a twisted quantum double of an elementary abelian group of the same order.
Meizothrombin is an Unexpectedly Zymogen-Like Variant of Thrombin

Thrombin is produced by the ordered action of prothrombinase on two cleavage sites in prothrombin. Meizothrombin, a proteinase precursor of thrombin, is a singly cleaved species that accumulates abundantly as an intermediate. We now show that covalent linkage of the N-terminal propiece with the proteinase domain in meizothrombin imbues it with exceptionally zymogen-like character. Meizothrombin exists in a slowly reversible equilibrium between two equally populated states, differing by as much as 140-fold in their affinity for active site-directed ligands. The distribution between the two forms, designated zymogen-like and proteinase-like, is affected by Na+, thrombomodulin binding, or active site ligation. In rapid kinetic measurements with prothrombinase, we also show that the zymogen-like form is produced following the initial cleavage reaction and slowly equilibrates with the proteinase-like form in a previously unanticipated rate-limiting step before it can be further cleaved to thrombin. The reversible equilibration of meizothrombin between zymogen- and proteinase-like states provides new insights into its ability to selectively exhibit the anticoagulant function of thrombin and the mechanistic basis for its accumulation during prothrombin activation. Our findings also provide unexpected insights into the regulation of proteinase function and how the formation of meizothrombin may yield a long lived intermediate with an important regulatory role in coagulation.
Effect of Particle Hardness on the Penetration Behavior of Fabrics Intercalated with Dry Particles and Concentrated Particle-Fluid Suspensions

The penetration behavior of Kevlar fabric intercalated with dry particles and shear thickening fluids (STF), highly concentrated fluid−particle suspensions, is presented. In particular, the role of particle hardness is explored by comparing fabric treatments containing SiO2 particles, which are significantly harder than Kevlar, to treatments containing softer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles. The fabric testing includes yarn pull-out, quasi-static spike puncture, and ballistic penetration resistance, performed on single fabric layers. It was found that both dry particle and STF treatments resulted in improvements in fabric properties relative to neat or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) treated fabrics. On comparison of treatments with different particle hardness, the SiO2 materials performed better in all tests than comparable PMMA materials, although the SiO2 treatments caused yarn failure in pull-out testing, reducing the total pull-out energy. In addition, resistance to yarn pull-out was found to ...
Beauty Queens and Unruly Women in the Year of the Woman Governor: Jennifer Granholm and the Visibility of Leadership

Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm capitalized on the most viable resources of the unruly woman during her 2002 campaign: direct language, action-oriented responses, public dissemination of policy plans, and strategic use of visibility. The result complicated the beauty queen narrative that framed her campaign. This study underscores the potency of the beauty queen narrative in our political culture and ways to confront it; Granholm's case has explanatory power for others seeking to empower women public officials.
The effects of expected shock and expected payment on incidental retention

The present research investigated both an arousal and an avoidance of negative affect explanation of incidental retention data reported by Pallak (1969). Ss performed a paired-associate copying task after learning that they would receive either (1) painful electric shock (high shock) or visual stimulation (low shock) in a subsequent experiment or (2) $4.50 (high payment) or $1.00 (low payment) in a subsequent experiment. Incidental retention was greater in both the high shock and high payment than it was in the low shock and low payment conditions, consistent with the arousal explanation.
Application of effectiveness-NTU relationship to parallel flow microchannel heat exchangers subjected to external heat transfer

In this paper the thermal performance of parallel flow microchannel heat exchangers subjected to constant external heat transfer has been theoretically analyzed. Equations for predicting the axial temperatures as well as the effectiveness of the fluids of a microchannel heat exchanger operating under laminar flow conditions have been developed. In addition, an equation for determining the heat transfer between the fluids has also been formulated. Irrespective of the heat capacity ratio, for a specific NTU, external heating always decreases and increases the effectiveness of the hot and cold fluid, respectively. The opposite trend in the effectiveness of the fluids is observed when they are subjected to external cooling. Moreover, under unbalanced flow conditions (heat capacities of two fluids are not equal) the effectiveness of the fluids depended on the fluid with the lowest heat capacity. Among the two unbalanced flow conditions (heat capacities of the two fluids are not equal) the effectiveness of the fluids is greatest when the hot fluid has the lowest heat capacity. At a given NTU, reduction in heat capacity ratio improved the effectiveness of the fluids. Under certain operating conditions temperature cross over was observed in the heat exchanger.
Magnetotelluric results opposing magma origin of crustal conductors in the rio grande rift

Although conductive intracrustal layers appear to be characteristic of continental rift zones, they also have been detected in stable crustal environments. The low-resistivity layers are often explained by free water or crustal magma; however, alternative explanations are possible. Purely geometrical effects can be mistaken as conductive layers at depth in the interpretation of magnetotelluric or geomagnetic depth soundings. Certain minerals such as graphite and hydrated minerals e.g. serpentine, may be important. Thermally activated processes associated with ductile flow mechanisms may also enhance conductivity. Two-dimensional analysis of a portion of 25 new magnetotelluric stations in the central Rio Grande rift supports the presence of a conductive zone at 10 km depth or less. However, very significant differences are apparent in the crustal sections at two close localities. Mid-crustal magma lenses, well-defined by seismic data, cannot explain these differences. In fact, the crust is modeled to be more conductive by at least an order of magnitude where magma is not detected compared to where it occurs at shallow and intermediate levels. Only the possible effects of regional three-dimensional current channeling could conceivably alter this conclusion. To explain the unexpected result, it is suggested that a conductive horizon occurs where an impermeable, ductile cap traps pore fluids beneath. The cap may be nearly an order of magnitude more conductive (~100's Ωm) than the dry, brittle crust above; the zone of trapped pore fluids much more conductive by more than an order of magnitude (~10 Ωm). Where active magma injection destroys the integrity of the ductile cap, trapped fluids may escape and produce an overall decrease in conductivity. The final electrical signature with this dynamic concept depends on the thermal gradient, the relative impermeability of the cap, the extent of pore fluids beneath, and the amount (and frequency) of magma intrusion. The temporal and spatial distribution of earthquake foci in our study area supports the existence of a ductile layer at about 10 km depth and the hypothesis of magma injection.
Effects of teacher expressiveness: Mediated by teacher sex-typing?

Teacher expressiveness typically results in favorable student ratings, although teacher gender may affect these results. Eighty students viewed a videotape of either a male or female instructor acting either expressively or nonexpressively
Reply to |[lsquo]|Quantification of marrow CD34|[plus]| cells: an important tool for distinguishing between hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes and aplastic anemia|[rsquo]| by A Orazi

Reply to ‘Quantification of marrow CD34+ cells: an important tool for distinguishing between hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes and aplastic anemia’ by A Orazi
A time-of-flight spectrometer for medium energy ion scattering

Abstract We are developing a new time-of-flight particle energy spectrometer for use in the 10–200 keV/u range. This spectrometer is designed as a detector for medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) surface analysis. MEIS, when applied to the charged component of scattered particles, has been demonstrated to be a useful complement to Rutherford backscattering analysis (RBS) and low energy ion scattering (LEIS) in the elemental and structural analysis of surfaces and thin films. However, despite its demonstrated advantages, it has never come into widespread use because of the difficulty of energy analyzing uncharged particles in the relevant energy range of 10–250 keV. Our detector will be equally sensitive to both scattered ions and neutrals and calculations indicate that it will enable MEIS to rival conventional RBS in precision, speed and ease of use and to surpass it in sensitivity, surface specificity and depth resolution.
Some results on random utility models

Abstract This paper extends earlier work on the properties of Thurstone choice models to the general random utility model (RUM), in which the components of the random utility vector are not necessarily independent and identically distributed, even apart from location shifts. The condition for two RUMs to be equivalent is established, and relationships between the choice axiom, decomposition, and other conditions are explored. In the special case of the Thurstone model, the conditions considered are all equivalent to the double exponential distribution.
A statistical study of Pc 3 magnetic pulsations at synchronous orbit, ATS 6

Results are reported for a study designed to determine statistically the nature and variation of the polarization parameters of Pc3 magnetic pulsations at synchronous orbit. Data obtained with a triaxial flux gate magnetometer on the geosynchronous satellite ATS 6 are subjected to routine power spectral and polarization analyses, and the events examined are identified as peaks in the spectra. Coherence analysis of spectral matrices for these events indicates that Pc3 are very common at synchronous orbit and are primarily a local morning phenomenon with an occurrence peak around 1000 LT; that the pulsations occur at all frequencies in the Pc3 band, with the most common frequency at about 0.35 Hz; that the Pc3 at synchronous orbit are most often linear and generally transverse, but some have significant compressional components; and that based on azimuth angle, there are two distinct classes of Pc3 (azimuthal and radial) with different characteristics. These statistical results are compared with model predictions and ground-based observations.
Fully nonlinear gravity-capillary solitary waves in a two-fluid system of finite depth

Large-amplitude waves at the interface between two laminar immisible inviscid streams of different densities and velocites, bounded together in a straight infinite channel are studied, when surface tension and gravity are both present. A long-wave approximation is used to develop a theory for fully nonlinear interfacial waves allowing amplitudes as large as the channel thickness. The result is a set of evolution equations for the interfacial shape and the velocity jump across it. Traveling waves of permanent form are studied and it is shown that solitary waves are possible for a range of physical parameters. All solitary waves can be expressed implicitly in terms of incomplete elliptic integrals of the third kind. When the upper layer has zero density, two explicit solitary-wave solutions have been found whose amplitudes are equal to h/ 4o rh/9, where 2h is the channel thickness. In the absence of gravity solitary waves are not possible but periodic ones are. Numerically constructed solitary waves are given for representative physical parameters.
Thinking Ahead: Factors Associated with Executing Advance Directives

Objectives: This article examines why older adults do or do not execute advance directives Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted on data from the Charlotte County (Florida) Healthy Aging Study, on 451 adults who were relatively healthy and affluent. Exploratory logistic regressions were conducted on the probability that respondents had executed advance directives. Results: Findings indicated that increasing age and higher income were the most consistent indicators of having executed an advance directive. Also, individuals reporting taking more prescription medications were more likely to have all the advance directives, except the durable power of attorney for health care. Reporting more negative life events was predictive of having executed the durable power of attorney for health care. Discussion: These findings suggest that in addition to awareness of advance directives, demographic, health, and situational factors may affect the willingness of older adults to execute advance directives. Furth...
I Love to Learn, but I Hate to be Taught

Children naturally love to learn, but might not like to be taught in certain ways. Teachers’ improper ways of teaching might make a child shut down his or her willingness to learn, which is called not-learning. Not-learning does not refer to an incapability to learn, but is rather a choice a child intentionally or unintentionally makes to resist learning. This paper explains how not-learning is a major obstacle for children’s development and argues that teachers should be responsible for avoiding not-learning. This paper also discusses how teachers can use culturally relevant teaching to avert not-learning and help children have effective learning experience.
Late Cretaceous Marine Fishes from the Upper Greenhorn Limestone in Southeastern Nebraska

The Greenhorn Limestone was deposited in the middle of the Upper Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America. Based on materials collected from southeastern Nebraska, we report an assemblage of fossil marine fishes from the upper half (Jetmore and Pfeifer members) of the formation that represents the peak transgressive phase of the seaway. The ichthyofauna consists of at least ten taxa, including at least six chondrichthyans and four osteichthyans. The fish assemblage is small but includes durophagous, large predaceous, and medium-sized opportunistic sharks as well as small, medium-sized, and large bony fishes.
Solutions of matrix equations arising in track filter theory

The general solution of the equations that arise in constant coefficient filter theory are solved for arbitrary number of dimensions. Namely, we solve the first order matrix equation for the special case of scalar measurements. We also determine the covariance matrix for the general case. We then illustrate these results for the specific case of an alpha-beta filter.
The Effects of a Serious Game on Role-Taking and Willingness to Help

Serious games are emerging as a new medium for social change. This study investigated the influence of presentation mode afforded by different media on willingness to help in the context of humanitarianaid. Two online experiments were conducted. Thefirst experiment demonstrated that playing the Darfur is Dying game elicited greater role-taking and resulted in greater willingness to help the Darfurian people than reading a text conveying thesameinformation.Thesecondexperimentdeconstructedthevariablepresentationmode in more detail by adding a game watching condition. Similar results were found such that game playing resulted in greater role-taking and willingness to help than game watching and text reading. Implications for researchers and game developers are also discussed.
Retrieving Records from a Gigabyte of Text on a Minicomputer Using Statistical Ranking.

Statistically based ranked retrieval of records using keywords provides many advantages over traditional Boolean retrieval methods, especially for end users. This approach to retrieval, however, has not seen widespread use in large operational retrieval systems. To show the feasibility of this retrieval methodology, research was done to produce very fast search techniques using these ranking algorithms, and then to test the results against large databases with many end users. The results show not only response times on the order of 1 and 1/2 seconds for 806 megabytes of text, but also very favorable user reaction. Novice users were able to consistently obtain good search results after 5 minutes of training. Additional work was done to devise new indexing techniques to create inverted files for large databases using a minicomputer. These techniques use no sorting, require a working space of only about 20% of the size of the input text, and produce indices that are about 14% of the input text size. © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
User Behavior Analysis in Masquerade Detection Using Principal Component Analysis

Network attackers usually compromise legitimate user account to gain access to host computer. To detect and prevent this kind of attacks, it is typical to build anomaly intrusion detection system (AIDS) to distinguish a legitimate user from an intruder, called masquerader. One important hypothesis of this type of detection is: different user exhibits different behavior in their online activities. The user behavior can be captured and compared. The efficiency of AIDS relies on the quality of the training data. Many prior studies encounter the problem of low hit rates and high false alarms. In this paper, we study the relationship between the user behavior in terms of operating system commands and the success rate of detection. We first used the principal component analysis (PCA) to select the commands that are highly effective in distinguishing users. Then we use these commands to classify users into categories. Our analysis shows a strong correlation between the false rate and the distance between these categories.
Factors Contributing to Differences in Substance Use Among Black and White Adolescents

Research reveals that Black youth are less likely to use alcohol than White youth. It has been argued that Blacks are more likely to abstain because they have less disposable income, are more relig...
Pt Reactions with Ge, SiGe, and Si/SiGe Superlattices

Reactions between Pt and SiGe alloy have been studied by comparing several structures: Pt/Ge, Pt/SiGe, and Pt/Si-SiGe superlattices. The Ge, SiGe layers and Si-SiGe superlattices were grown on (100) Si substrates by the ultrahigh vacuum/chemical vapor deposition technique. Pt-Ge reactions start around 200 °C, forming PtzGe. This is followed by the formation of PtGe around 300 °C. The Pt-Ge reactions are thus similar to those of Pt-Si. The reactions between Pt and SiGe, however, involve a preferential Pt-Si reaction. At 200 °C, for example, while Pt2Ge is normally seen from the Pt/Ge system, only PtzSi is detected from both x-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering measurements. At higher temperatures, both the PtGe and PtSi phases form. This preferential Pt-Si reaction is observed in both Pt/SiGe and Pt/Si-SiGe superlattice structures.
The Mechanics of Fiber Migration: Part I : Theoretical Analysis

In this paper the theories of fiber migration have been reviewed. Modification of an analysis of migration in a 7-ply structure has been carried out. The frequency of migration is predicted for two models, and it suggests that slack forma tion is the mechanism for outward migration in an open structure, while forced buckling of the central fiber is the corre sponding mechanism for a packed structure, such as occurs in practical spinning.The slack needed to initiate outward migration was analyzed and found to be dependent on the geometry and fiber arrangement in the zone hetween the roller nip and the point of yarn formation. On the other hand, the buckling strain in practical spinning theoretically depends on the surrounding fiber matrix, the twisting tension, and the mechanical properties of the fiber.
Discretization of Dirac delta functions in level set methods

Discretization of singular functions is an important component in many problems to which level set methods have been applied. We present two methods for constructing consistent approximations to Dirac delta measures concentrated on piecewise smooth curves or surfaces. Both methods are designed to be convenient for level set simulations and are introduced to replace the commonly used but inconsistent regularization technique that is solely based on a regularization parameter proportional to the mesh size. The first algorithm is based on a tensor product of regularized one-dimensional delta functions. It is independent of the irregularity relative to the grid. In the second method, the regularization is constructed from a one-dimensional regularization that is extended to multi-dimensions with a variable support depending on the orientation of the singularity relative to the computational grid. Convergence analysis and numerical results are given.
A unified approach to variations of ranked set sampling with applications

In this article, we develop a general theory of inference using data collected from different variations of ranked set sampling. Such variations include balanced and unbalanced ranked set sampling, balanced and unbalanced k-tuple ranked set sampling, nomination sampling, simple random sampling, as well as a combination of them. We provide methods of estimating the underlying distribution function as well as its functionals and establish the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators. The results so obtained can be used to develop nonparametric procedures for one- and two-sample problems. Some investigation of the small-sample properties of these estimators is also provided. We conclude with an application to a real-life example.
Evaluation of contrast sensitivity functions for the formulation of quality measures incorporated in halftoning algorithms

A comparative study of different CSFs (contrast sensitivity functions) as to their suitability for the formulation of quality measures in halftoning is presented. The evaluation of the different CSFs is implemented by weighting with each CSF the frequency-domain halftoning error of 44 halftone images, and then comparing the resulting weighted errors with the results of a psychovisual test. Comparison with psychovisual results indicates that the following factors significantly improve the performance of the CSF: incorporation of information about the printing device and the viewing conditions in the quantitative metric; incorporation of information about the angular sensitivity of the visual system: and utilization of a lowpass CSF instead of a bandpass one. >
PATTERNS OF MONOTERPENE VARIATION WITHIN INDIVIDUAL TREES IN PONDEROSA PINE

We surveyed variation in both the concentration and composition of monoterpenes in six tissues within individuals of ponderosa pine to determine (1) whether variation exists between different tissues; (2) whether variation occurs between samples from the north and south sides of the tree within a tissue, and (3) whether composition of one tissue is correlated with that of others. Wood, roots, and resin exuded from the trunk have similar monoterpene compositions within trees. Phloem and cones contain a higher proportion of α-pinene with less carene than resin, while needles are distinguished by high proportions of β-pinene. Samples of the same tissue taken from the north and south sides of the tree differed little and were strongly correlated. Correlations were moderate across tissues within the groups sharing similar monoterpene compositions (e.g., phloem vs. cones), but correlations between tissues in different groups were weak (e.g., phloem vs. needles).