cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laser Doppler speckle contrast imaging of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex

A laser Doppler speckle contrast imaging (LDSCI) system has been developed for detecting the local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) changes in a living brain with a high temporal (subsecond) and spatial (micrometer) resolution. Near-infrared laser was used to allow the light to penetrate into the cortex beneath the brain surface and the changes in microscopic blood flow were detected due to the laser Doppler effects of moving particles (i.e., Red blood cells) on the speckle change of the imaging. To examine the sensitivity of our LDSCI system, in vivo animal study was performed to investigate activation-flow coupling in somatosensory cortex in response to electrical stimulation of hindpaw in the living rat. The functional hyperemia obtained in this study was in agreement with results from traditional point measurement using Laser Doppler flowmetry. However, the tempo-spatial feature of the LDSCI system would facilitate a better understanding of the mechanism of blood flow-neuronal activity coupling.
Measurement of low breath-alcohol concentrations: laboratory studies and field experience.

Recent federal rules and traffic law changes impose breath-alcohol thresholds of 0.02 and 0.04 g/210 L upon some classes of motor vehicle operators, such as juveniles and commercial vehicle operators. In federally regulated alcohol testing in the workplace, removal of covered workers from safety-sensitive duties, and other adverse actions, also occur at breath-alcohol concentrations (BrACs) of 0.02 and 0.04 g/210 L. We therefore studied performance of vapor-alcohol and breath-alcohol measurement at low alcohol concentrations in the laboratory and in the field, with current-generation evidential analyzers. We report here chiefly our field experience with evidential breath-alcohol testing of drinking drivers on paired breath samples using 62 Intoxilyzer 5000-D analyzers, for BrACs of 0-0.059 g/210 L. The data from 62 law enforcement breath-alcohol testing sites were collected and pooled, with BrACs recorded to three decimal places, and otherwise carried out under the standard Oklahoma evidential breath-alcohol testing protocol. For 2105 pooled simulator control tests at 0.06-0.13 g/210 L the mean +/- SD of the differences between target and result were -0.001 +/- 0.0035 g/210 L and 0.003 +/- 0.0023 g/210 L for signed and absolute differences, respectively (spans -0.016-0.010, 0.000-0.016). For 2078 paired duplicate breath-alcohol measurements with the Intoxilyzer 5000-D, the mean +/- SD difference (BrAC1-BrAC2) were 0.002 +/- 0.0026 (span 0-0.020 g/210 L). Variability of breath-alcohol measurements was related inversely to the alcohol concentration. Ninety-nine percent prediction limits for paired BrAC measurements correspond to a 0.020 g/210 L maximum absolute difference, meeting the NSC/CAOD recommendation that paired breath-alcohol analysis results within 0.02 g/210 L shall be deemed to be in acceptable agreement. We conclude that the field system for breath-alcohol analysis studied by us can and does perform reliably and accurately at low BrACs. Language: en
Correlates of Youths' Fears of Victimization1

This study investigated the role that depression, deviant behaviors, and exposure to violence may play in youths' fears of victimization. In-school youth (ages 11 to 20 years) completed an anonymous, self-administered health behavior questionnaire that measured a variety of psychosocial variables. Included in the questionnaire were items concerning fears of personal victimization, demographics, depression, deviant behaviors, and previous exposure to violence. Logistic regressions revealed that gender, grade, ethnicity, depression, and previous exposure to violence were significantly associated with high fears of victimization. The implications of this study for future research into children's fears and for prevention programs are discussed.
Parsing models for identifying multiword expressions

Multiword expressions lie at the syntax/semantics interface and have motivated alternative theories of syntax like Construction Grammar. Until now, however, syntactic analysis and multiword expression identification have been modeled separately in natural language processing. We develop two structured prediction models for joint parsing and multiword expression identification. The first is based on context-free grammars and the second uses tree substitution grammars, a formalism that can store larger syntactic fragments. Our experiments show that both models can identify multiword expressions with much higher accuracy than a state-of-the-art system based on word co-occurrence statistics. We experiment with Arabic and French, which both have pervasive multiword expressions. Relative to English, they also have richer morphology, which induces lexical sparsity in finite corpora. To combat this sparsity, we develop a simple factored lexical representation for the context-free parsing model. Morphological analyses are automatically transformed into rich feature tags that are scored jointly with lexical items. This technique, which we call a factored lexicon, improves both standard parsing and multiword expression identification accuracy.
Prehospital use of IM ketamine for sedation of violent and agitated patients

Introduction: Violent and agitated patients pose a serious challenge for emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. Rapid control of these patients is paramount to successful prehospital evaluation and also for the safety of both the patient and crew. Sedation is often required for these patients, but the ideal choice of medication is not clear. The objective is to demonstrate that ketamine, given as a single intramuscular injection for violent and agitated patients, including those with suspected excited delirium syndrome (ExDS), is both safe and effective during the prehospital phase of care, and allows for the rapid sedation and control of this difficult patient population. Methods: We reviewed paramedic run sheets from five different catchment areas in suburban Florida communities. We identified 52 patients as having been given intramuscular ketamine 4mg/kg IM, following a specific protocol devised by the EMS medical director of these jurisdictions, to treat agitated and violent patients, including a subset of which would be expected to suffer from ExDS. Twenty-six of 52 patients were also given parenteral midazolam after medical control was obtained to prevent emergence reactions associated with ketamine. Results: Review of records demonstrated that almost all patients (50/52) were rapidly sedated and in all but three patients no negative side effects were noted during the prehospital care. All patients were subsequently transported to the hospital before ketamine effects wore off. Conclusion: Ketamine may be safely and effectively used by trained paramedics following a specific protocol. The drug provides excellent efficacy and few clinically significant side effects in the prehospital phase of care, making it an attractive choice in those situations requiring rapid and safe sedation especially without intravenous access. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(7):–0.]
A unified performance analysis of digital communication with dual selective combining diversity over correlated Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels

Using a simple finite integral representation for the bivariate Rayleigh (1889) cumulative distribution function previously discovered by the authors, we present expressions for the outage probability and average error probability performances of a dual selective diversity system with correlated slow Rayleigh fading either in closed form (in particular for binary differential phase-shift keying) or in terms of a single integral with finite limits and an integrand composed of elementary (exponential and trigonometric) functions. Because of their simple form, these expressions readily allow numerical evaluation for cases of practical interest. The results are also extended to the case of slow Nakagami-m fading using an alternate representation of the generalized Marcum (1950) Q-function.
59Co NMR of cobalt(III) porphyrin complexes. III. Data base on substituent and solvent effects

A broad study of the 59 Co NMR of cobalt(III) porphyrin complexes with axial amine ligands in a variety of solvents is reported. The data are presented in tubular form, as are the numerical correlation of chemical shift, δ, and line width, ω 1/2 , using the Kamlet-Taft equation. The dependence of δ and ω 1/2 on ligand substituents is discussed. Solvent data, including mixed solvent results, indicate that general factors such as acidity, basicity, polarity and hydrogen-bonding capability are important, as are the specific nature of the functional groups on the ligands and the solvent
Localized principal component analysis based curve evolution: A divide and conquer approach

We propose a novel localized principal component analysis (PCA) based curve evolution approach which evolves the segmenting curve semi-locally within various target regions (divisions) in an image and then combines these locally accurate segmentation curves to obtain a global segmentation. The training data for our approach consists of training shapes and associated auxiliary (target) masks. The masks indicate the various regions of the shape exhibiting highly correlated variations locally which may be rather independent of the variations in the distant parts of the global shape. Thus, in a sense, we are clustering the variations exhibited in the training data set. We then use a parametric model to implicitly represent each localized segmentation curve as a combination of the local shape priors obtained by representing the training shapes and the masks as a collection of signed distance functions. We also propose a parametric model to combine the locally evolved segmentation curves into a single hybrid (global) segmentation. Finally, we combine the evolution of these semi-local and global parameters to minimize an objective energy function. The resulting algorithm thus provides a globally accurate solution, which retains the local variations in shape. We present some results to illustrate how our approach performs better than the traditional approach with fully global PCA.
Where the Rubber Meets the Road: The Challenge of Reporting Colleagues' Boundary Violations

Although there are a number of psychological and practical obstacles to reporting professional boundary violations, physicians must learn their ethical and legal obligations to report misconduct and seek assistance when needed.
Reliability of the American Community Survey for unintentional drowning and submersion injury surveillance: a comprehensive assessment of 10 socioeconomic indicators derived from the 2006–2013 annual and multi-year data cycles

Our objective was to evaluate the reliability and predictability of ten socioeconomic indicators obtained from the 2006–2013 annual and multi-year ACS data cycles for unintentional drowning and submersion injury surveillance. Each indicator was evaluated using its margin of error and coefficient of variation. For the multi-year data cycles we calculated the frequency that estimates for the same geographic areas from consecutive surveys were statistically significantly different. Relative risk estimates of drowning-related deaths were constructed using the National Center for Health Statistics compressed mortality file. All analyses were derived using census counties. Five of the ten socioeconomic indicators derived from the annual and multi-year data cycles produced high reliability CV estimates for at least 85 % of all US counties. On average, differences in socioeconomic characteristics for the same geographic areas for consecutive 3- and 5-year data cycles were unlikely to be caused by sampling error in only 17 % (5–89 %) and 21 % (5–93 %) of all counties. No indicator produced statistically significant relative risk estimates across all data cycles and survey years. The reliability of the annual and multi-year county-level ACS data cycles varies by census indicator. More than 75 % of the differences in estimates between consecutive multi-year surveys are likely to have occurred as a result of sampling error, suggesting that researchers should be judicious when interpreting overlapping survey data as reflective of real changes in socioeconomic conditions. Although no indicator predicted disparities in drowning-related injury mortality across all data cycles and years, further studies are needed to determine if these associations remain consistent at different geographic scales and for injury morbidity.
Video-EEG monitoring in neonates: indications

In neonates with paroxysmal events, video-EEG monitoring proves to be a powerfull tool for diagnosis. It allows differentiation of epileptic seizures from other paroxysmal phenomena; a more precise analysis of clinical semiology of seizures; it may help in the localization of a seizure focus; it provides more comprehensive data for the evaluation of the interictal state.
Do Smartphones Spur Competition? Evidence from the Korean Retail Gasoline Market

Limited or costly information generates excess price dispersion across markets causing market inefficiency. In this setting, smartphones, as information-providing devices, can improve market performance. This paper explores the Korean retail gasoline market as a natural experimental field to investigate the impact of smartphones on competition among gas stations. In this particular market, smartphones have provided consumers with direct access to gasoline price information from the pre-existing information channel called OPINET, a government-sponsored Internet website. Our results are consistent with the relevant theory: the adoption of smartphones is associated with dramatic decreases in both price dispersion and average price-cost margins, thereby creating huge consumer gains. In addition, we found a sudden drop in entries along with a slow rise in exits after the introduction of the smartphones.
Lipids as bioregulators of teliospore germination and sporidial formation in the wheat bunt fungi, Tilletia species.

Several lipid components from teliospores of the dwarf bunt fungus, Tilletia controversa, inhibited teliospore germination and sporidial formation in the common bunt fungus, Tilletia caries. A crude fatty acid mixture and a purified linoleic acid preparation appeared to be the most inhibitory components in the extracts obtained from the spores of T. controversa. Inhibition of teliospore germination by crude fatty acid preparations increased after they were treated with lipoxidase. Both the nature and degree of inhibition of spore germination and sporidial formation by pure linoleic acid were similar to that caused by the linoleic acid purified from extracts of T. controversa. Linoleic acid changed chemically under the bioassay conditions to yield several other substances that were probably oxidation products of the unsaturated fatty acid. Of the 12 pure fatty acids tested, polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most inhibitory. Exogenous lipids occur in bunt balls of T. controversa and T. caries, mainly as triglycerides with some free fatty acids present. These exogenous triglycerides were 64% linoleic acid, but were only slightly inhibitory even when treated with lipoxidase; however, after the triglycerides were treated with lipase to release free fatty acids, the inhibition of the reaction products increased dramatically. The exogenous lipids were more abundant on spores of T. controversa than on T. caries spores, and they may play an important role in extending the germination time of a T. controversa spore population in the field.
Prevention of postoperative capsular bag opacification using intraocular lenses and endocapsular devices maintaining an open or expanded capsular bag.

Postoperative capsule opacification is a multifactorial physiological consequence of cataract surgery that remains the most common complication of this procedure. A literature review that included several intraocular lenses (IOLs) and endocapsular devices studied in our laboratory found that devices maintaining the capsular bag in an open or expanded state were associated with improved bag clarity. This observed effect likely occurs secondary to the complex interactions of myriad mechanisms, which include formation of a barrier to lens epithelial cell (LEC) migration, mechanical compression of residual LECs, mechanical stretch at the level of the capsule equator, maintenance of overall bag contour, and enhanced endocapsular circulation of aqueous humor. We review the designs of endocapsular devices and IOLs that minimize the degree of postoperative capsule opacification by preventing capsular bag collapse and discuss the underlying mechanisms that contribute to this phenomenon. Financial Disclosure None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Oregon Teacher Pathway: Responding to National Trends

ABSTRACTNational population trends demonstrate a shift in the U.S. ethnic population, similar to changes in the ethnic landscape of U.S. public schools. However, the teaching landscape has not adjusted to align with student demographics. Research highlights the academic and social/emotional benefit for students of color who experience having a teacher of color during their education. Therefore, it is valuable to consider frameworks for increasing the number of teachers of color in the educational landscape. Although there are initiatives for supporting these efforts in urban communities, rural communities often are not seen as having much need in this area. The authors of this article present literature and findings on the impact and needs for diversifying teacher education, and then outline a self-study of the Oregon Teacher Pathway (OTP) as a framework that takes into consideration promising practices for recruiting and supporting preservice teachers of color in rural eastern Oregon and other rural and ...
Contributions to Our Knowledge of the Nearctic Pachygasterinae (Diptera: Strationiyidae)

The Pachygasterinae of the southwestern United States, along with some Mexican forms, are discussed, with a revised key to the genera, a partial key to Zabrachia adults, and an expanded key to the known Zabrachia larvae. Cosmariomyia, represented by C. pallidipennis (Lophoteles p. Williston), is a genus new to the Nearctic Region ; and Eupachygaster of American authors, not Kertesz, is replaced by Eidalmus Kertesz and Pareidalimus Lindner. Other new combinations are: Borboridea microcephalum (=Zabrachia m. Kraft and Cook) ; Eidalimus henshawi (=Eupachygaster h. Malloch) ; Eidalimus fusca (= Eupachygaster f. Kraft and Cook) ; and Pareidalimus punctifer (=Eupachygaster p. Malloch). New species are: Zabrachia stoichodes from Oaxaca, Mexico; Z. yuccae from Arizona; and Pareidalimus ryckmani from Puebla, Mexico. New synonymy: Zabrachia magnicornis Cresson 1919 (=Z. cornutum Kraft and Cook 1961).
Study on the Impact of Inbound Tourists' Emotional Experience on Their Loyalty——A Case Study of Islamic Traditional Community in Huifang,Xi'an

Emotional experience and loyalty are important factors of consumers’ behavior and study of marketing management.Based on the review of the literature regarding emotional experience and loyalty,the paper constructs the structural equation model of tourists’ emotional experience and loyalty,empirically studies the relationship between inbound tourists’ emotional experience and loyalty in their travel to Huifang,Xi’an.The results show that 1.there is no significant impact of inbound tourists’emotional experience in Huifang,Xi’an on their intention of revisit and consumption;2.the positive strong emotional experience of inbound tourists in that community will lead to their intention of revisit;3.their emotional experience in that community will directly lead to their intention of recommendation;that is,positive emotional experience will lead to positive intention of recommendation and vice versa.In the end,the paper puts forward future orientation of the study and specially points out that more attention should be paid to the induced factors and subsequent actions from tourists’negative emotional experience,which will be of instructive significance to marketing practice in tourist destinations.
Coronectomy of Deeply Impacted Lower Third Molar: Incidence of Outcomes and Complications after One Year Follow-Up.

The purpose of present study was to assess the surgical management of impacted third molar with proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve and complications associated with coronectomy in a series of patients undergoing third molar surgery.
Adherence to Symptom-Based Care Guidelines for Down Syndrome

To assess adherence to symptom-based studies recommended in the health supervision guidelines for Down syndrome from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 24 pediatric care sites participated in retrospective chart review. Symptom-based screening and 4 associated recommendations, including cervical spine radiograph, video swallow study, celiac study with tissue transglutaminase and sleep study were analyzed by reviewing well-child visit notes of 264 children with Down syndrome. Given trends toward symptom-based screens, Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to determine the association between symptom presence and receiving corresponding symptom-based screens. Adherence rates were widely variable ranging from 0% to 79% completion. Symptom-based studies were performed in 22% to 36% of patients. Symptom screens were documented positive in many patients, but the presence of symptoms did not correlate with completion of symptom-based screens. Symptom-based screening is low; associated studies were performed in patients without documented symptoms contrary to AAP recommendation.
Management of patients with hemangiomas and arteriovenous malformations.

Hemangiomas and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are distinct congenital, benign, vascular malformations. Differentiation between the two is important because AVMs are amenable to embolization techniques and because patients with hemangiomas can be told they have a better prognosis than those with AVMs.
SU-F-T-424: Mitigation of Increased Surface Dose When Treating Through A Carbon Fiber Couch Top

Purpose: To study the effect of the Varian carbon fiber couch top on surface dose for patients being treated using single PA beams in the supine position and to identify simple methods for surface dose reduction. Methods: Measurements of surface dose were obtained in Solid Water phantoms using both a parallel plate ionization chamber (PTW Advanced Markus) and EBT2 Radiochromic films for both 6 and 10MV photons. All measurements were referenced to a depth considered a typical for PA Spine fields. Techniques used to reduce the surface dose included introducing an air standoff using Styrofoam sheets to suspend the phantom surface above the couch top and by adding a thin high Z scattering foil on the table surface. Surface doses were evaluated for typical field sizes, standoff heights, and various scattering materials. Comparisons were made to the surface dose obtainable when treating through a Varian Mylar covered tennis racket style couch top. Results: Dependence on typical spine field sizes was relatively minor. Dependence on air gap was much more significant. Surface doses decreased exponentially with increases in air standoff distance. Surface doses were reduced by approximately 50% for an air gap of 10cm and 40% for a 15cm air gap. Surface doses were reduced by an additional 15% by the addition of a 1mm Tin scattering foil. Conclusion: Using simple techniques, it is possible to reduce the surface dose when treating single PA fields through the Varian carbon fiber couch top. Surface doses can be reduced to levels observed when treating though transparent Mylar tops by adding about 15 cm of air gap. Further reductions are possible by adding thin scattering foils, such as Tin or Lead, on the couch surface. This is a low cost approach to reduce surface dose when using the Varian carbon fiber couch top.
Potential versus revealed access to care during a dengue fever outbreak

Abstract Dengue fever is a vector-borne disease which spreads quickly under suitable conditions and puts certain segments of the population at higher risk, especially in developing countries. Prompt diagnosis of the disease is critical to (1) substantially reduce risks of morbidity and mortality and (2) prevent further expansion of an existing outbreak. Suitable geographic access to medical care and effective prevention campaigns can help achieve these two objectives. This paper examines patterns of health care use based on travel time during an outbreak of dengue fever in the city of Cali, Colombia. We map patterns of diagnosis by facility and identify associated travel disparities. Results indicate that travel times exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation, showing that patients living in the periphery of the city experienced substantially greater travel times compared with patients residing in the north–south corridor of the city, owing to the proximity of health care centers. Revealed travel times were nearly six times longer than estimated travel to the closest hospital, suggesting that the healthcare center where care was received rarely coincided with the closest option (only in 8% of cases). A multilevel model, accounting for both individual and neighborhood characteristics, was developed to explain variation in travel estimates. Results revealed that males and patients from affluent neighborhoods were more likely to travel longer and beyond their closest facility to receive care. These findings are important for policy related decisions such as (1) timely allocation and training of health personnel and (2) organizing informative campaigns aiming at increasing the awareness about the disease, especially for the population that is at high risk and/or most vulnerable.
Totally analytical closure of space filtered Navier–Stokes for arbitrary Reynolds number: Part III. aFNS theory validation

ABSTRACTFor arbitrary Reynolds number Re, aFNS theory O(1; δ2; δ3) significance scaled state variable achieves analytical closure of rigorously space filtered thermal, multi-species Navier–Stokes (NS) conservation principle partial differential equation (PDE) system well-posed on bounded domains (Part I). Validation of boundary commutation error (BCE) and nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition (DBC) resolution strategies results in ADh-GWSh-BCEh-DBCh algorithm coupling with aFNS theory optimal Galerkin GWSh + θTS CFD algorithm (Part II), including accuracy/convergence assessments. For Reynolds numbers ranging E+02 <Re < 2E+04, aFNS theory fully coupled k = 1 basis Galerkin CFD code generated a posteriori data enable theory quantitative validation. For assured laminar Re range, NS no-slip BC reduced and coupled aFNS theory code predicted quasi-steady thermal-velocity transition to periodic unsteady is validated via linear stability predicted critical Re. For Re exceeding assured laminar, theory couple...
Identity‐based Schemes for a Secured Big Data and Cloud ICT Framework in Smart Grid System

Smart grid is an intelligent cyber physical system (CPS). The CPS generates a massive amount of data for efficient grid operation. In this paper, a big data-driven, cloud-based information and communication technology (ICT) framework for smart grid CPS is proposed. The proposed ICT framework deploys hybrid cloud servers to enhance scalability and reliability of smart grid communication infrastructure. Because the data in the ICT framework contains much privacy of customers and important data for automated controlling, the security of data transmission must be ensured. In order to secure the communications over the Internet in the system, identity-based schemes are proposed especially because of their advantage in key management. Specifically, an identity-based signcryption (IBSC) scheme is proposed to provide confidentiality, non-repudiation, and data integrity. For practical purposes, an identity-based signature scheme is relaxed from the proposed IBSC to provide non-repudiation only. Moreover, identity-based schemes are also proposed to achieve signature delegation within the ICT framework. Security of the proposed IBSC scheme is rigorously analyzed in this work. Efficiency of the proposed IBSC scheme is demonstrated with an implementation using modified Weil pairing over an elliptic curve. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)imino]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one

Except for two pairs of methyl groups, all non-H atoms of the title compound, C22H27N3O, occupy special positions on a mirror plane. The mol­ecules are packed in a herring-bone manner and form stacks along [010].
Bureaucratic Birthdates: Chronometric Old Age as Resource and Liability in U.S. Refugee Resettlement

This article examines age in refugee resettlement by connecting it to the bureaucratic contexts in which refugees acquire and become categorized by birthdates found in their documents. Frequently used as an objective metric, chronometric age takes on new meaning in migration and determines access to work and welfare. This article traces the trajectory of age documents of refugees in a program for “seniors” (sixty and up) in Chicago, Illinois. Drawing upon anthropology and critical gerontology scholarship, I resituate chronometric age in the dynamic relationship between institutions and definitions of old age in the United States. My purpose is to call attention to the consequences of applying U.S. concepts of age to refugees with limited resources. Cet article etudie la question de l’âge dans la reinstallation des refugies en la reliant aux contextes bureaucratiques a travers lesquels les refugies sont identifies et classifies selon la date de naissance qui se trouve sur leurs documents. L’ âge chronometrique, d’usage frequent comme mesure objective, acquiert une signification nouvelle dans le contexte de la migration et determine l’acces a l’emploi et a l’assistance publique. Cet article retrace le parcours des documents portant sur l’âge des clients d’un programme pour «personnes âgees » (60 ans et plus) qui sont refugies a Chicago (Illinois). En faisant appel aux recherches en anthropologie ainsi qu’en gerontologie critique, je recontextualise le concept del’âge chronometrique dans la relation dynamique entre les institutions et les definitions de la vieillesse aux Etats-Unis. Mon objectif est d’attirer l’attention aux consequences qui en resultent si les concepts de vieillesse aux Etats-Unis sont appliques a des refugies disposant de ressources limitees.
Urban Place and Health Equity: Critical Issues and Practices

Urban places and health equity are two of the most challenging concepts for 21st century environmental health. More people live in cities than at any other time in human history and health inequities are increasing. Health inequities are avoidable differences in the social, environmental and political conditions that shape morbidity and mortality, and disproportionately burden the poor, racial, ethnic and religious minorities and migrants. By linking urban place and health inequities, research and action brings into sharp relief the challenges of achieving urban environmental justice. This article briefly reviews the complex definitions of urban places and how they can shape health equity in cities. I suggest that a more relational or integrated approach to defining urban places and acting on health equity can complement other approaches and improve the ability of public health to meet 21st century challenges. I close with suggestions for research and practice that might focus environmental public health on healthy urban place making. The practices include community driven map making, Health in All Policies (HiAP), promoting urban ecosystem services for health, and participatory and integrated approaches to urban slum upgrading. I conclude that if the global community is serious about the sustainable development goals (SDGs), greater attention must be paid to understanding and acting to improve urban places, living conditions and the social and economic conditions that can promote health equity.
Identifying semantically deviating outlier documents

A document outlier is a document that substantially deviates in semantics from the majority ones in a corpus. Automatic identification of document outliers can be valuable in many applications, such as screening health records for medical mistakes. In this paper, we study the problem of mining semantically deviating document outliers in a given corpus. We develop a generative model to identify frequent and characteristic semantic regions in the word embedding space to represent the given corpus, and a robust outlierness measure which is resistant to noisy content in documents. Experiments conducted on two real-world textual data sets show that our method can achieve an up to 135% improvement over baselines in terms of recall at top-1% of the outlier ranking.
Surface modification of micromachined silicon filters

Uniform and ultrathin coatings are needed on the surface of micromachined silicon filters in order to manipulate microfluid flow and minimize non specific protein adsorption. This work reports vapor phase deposition of nanometer thick alkylsilanes at atmospheric pressure using nitrogen as a carrier gas. The coatings were characterized with ellipsometry, SEM, AFM, contact angle goniometry, and zeta potential meter. The method is particularly advantageous when it is necessary to coat small channels in microdevices. Micromachined silicon filters were coated with different alkylsilanes and tested with nitrogen gas and a variety of liquids. Interesting flow rate reversal of water versus ethanol was observed when the minimum channel dimension shrank from 74 microns to 1.8 microns.
A Role for Salivary Peptides in the Innate Defense Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Background Diarrheal disease from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes significant worldwide morbidity and mortality in young children residing in endemic countries and is the leading cause of traveler's diarrhea. As ETEC enters the body through the oral cavity and cotransits the digestive tract with salivary components, we hypothesized that the antimicrobial activity of salivary proteins might extend beyond the oropharynx into the proximal digestive tract. Results Here, we show that the salivary peptide histatin-5 binds colonization factor antigen I pili, thereby blocking adhesion of ETEC to intestinal epithelial cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that histatin-5 stiffens the typically dynamic pili, abolishing their ability to function as spring-like shock absorbers, thereby inhibiting colonization within the turbulent vortices of chyme in the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions Our data represent the first report of a salivary component exerting specific antimicrobial activity against an enteric pathogen and suggest that histatin-5 and related peptides might be exploited for prophylactic and/or therapeutic uses. Numerous viruses, bacteria, and fungi traverse the oropharynx to cause disease, so there is considerable opportunity for various salivary components to neutralize these pathogens prior to arrival at their target organ. Identification of additional salivary components with unexpectedly broad antimicrobial spectra should be a priority.
Design of hybrid molecular brushes with reversible surface adaptability on exposure to specific solvents

Hybrid molecular brushes (HMBs) are macromolecules made of a linear backbone and polymeric side chains that differ in their chemical nature. The authors developed a new method of synthesis of HMB with chitosan (CHI) backbone. In the first step, chitosan-graft-polylactide (CHI-g-PLA) was synthesized by interfacial ring opening polymerization of lactide initiated from CHI. CHI-g-PLA is characterized for its molecular weight and structure. In the second step, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PNVP) or polyacrylamide (PAAm) is grafted by radical polymerization from the CHI in CHI-g-PLA to form CHI-g-PLA-g-PNVP and CHI-g-PLA-g-PAAm. This results in the formation of HMB, with hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic PNVP or PAAm side chains grafted to CHI. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the HMBs are characterized. The morphology of CHI-g-PLA as well as the HMBs is determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both the HMBs tethered to separate surfaces exhibit reversible switching between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers on exposure to specific solvents. This is studied by AFM and water contact angle measurements. Hence, the authors developed a method for synthesis of HMB that can be applied for surface modification.
Computerized Data in Quality Assurance

The ability of the HELP computer system to integrate data from a variety of sources is valuable in the execution of quality assurance activities at LDS Hospital. Although the Quality Assurance (QA) Department has primary responsibility for monitoring and evaluating the quality of hospital care, several clinical departments use the computerized data to perform internal quality assessments. Quality assurance capabilities have been designed into many HELP system modules or, indeed, have been the motivation for their creation. Computerized clinical data are automatically stored during the hospital stay and are available for retrospective or concurrent QA review.
Changes in Medicare Reimbursement for Advanced Upper Extremity Imaging.

Purpose Advanced noninvasive imaging of the upper extremity joints, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) , has numerous applications in the evaluation of musculoskeletal pathology. Choice of modality is influenced by clinical and cost concerns, with US and CT traditionally considered less expensive than MRI . We analyzed the changes in Medicare reimbursement for these imaging modalities with the hypothesis that recent reimbursement decreases in MRI have made this modality more cost-competitive than other commonly used imaging modalities. Methods Using the Medicare Fee Schedule Database, we reviewed the Medicare reimbursements fee schedule for CT, US, and MRI from 2000 to 2015 at the national, regional, and state levels. Charges were identified and queried by Common Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for each modality. Changes in reimbursement were calculated for each of the modalities. Results Total (technical and professional) reimbursement for MRI decreased from $516.93 to $237.16 between 2007 and 2015. Adjusted for inflation, this represents a 60% decrease in reimbursement. During the same time period, total (technical and professional) reimbursement for CT decreased from $256.95 to $180.03, a 39% decrease adjusted for inflation. Total (technical and professional) reimbursement for US increased over the same time period, from $98.91 to $118.22 in 2015, in conjunction with changes in the CPT coding for US. Total (technical and professional) MRI reimbursement decreased from 5.23 times the reimbursement of US in 2007 to 2.01 times in 2015. Conclusions In concordance with our hypothesis, these findings demonstrate that upper extremity MRI and CT reimbursements as scheduled by Medicare have declined significantly in recent years and that these modalities are approaching financial parity with wrist US. In spite of these decreases, MRI remains the most costly advanced imaging modality. Depending on each clinical scenario, the added cost may be justified by the value added by the type of information that can be garnered from each study. Cost-analysis studies evaluating the clinical application of MRI performed prior to the reimbursement decline should be evaluated with caution, and cost-benefit analyses based on these data are at risk of being out-of-date. Type of study/level of evidence Economic Analysis IV.
Muscle Cell Membrane Repair and Therapeutic Implications

Plasma membrane forms the physical barrier that separates the cellular interior from the exterior environment, and its integrity is essential for cell survival and function. Mammalian cells have evolved efficient membrane repair mechanisms that are activated to reseal injured plasma membrane and maintain cell viability. Many of the membrane repair proteins have first been identified in skeletal muscle, where defects in the genes encoding these proteins often lead to myopathies. Dysferlin is a muscle-specific protein implicated in mediating Ca2+-activated membrane-membrane fusion to facilitate membrane repair. Genetic mutations in dysferlin gene are linked to several forms of muscular dystrophy. Likewise, anoctamin 5 (Ano5), synaptotagmin VII (Syt7), and TRPML1 have been found to play roles in muscle membrane repair, and their genetic defects have been shown to cause various forms of myopathies. Other proteins such as MG53 and annexins were found to interact with dysferlin and modulate the membrane repair process and other membrane tracking events in muscle. Given the importance of membrane integrity in human health and disease in general, the membrane repair proteins have become promising targets for therapeutic development that are aimed to boost the intrinsic membrane repair function of the cells.
Relations between common and specific factors of anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance and fear, distress, and alcohol and substance use disorders.

Abstract Whereas it has been speculated that the psychopathology risk factors anxiety sensitivity (AS) and distress tolerance (DT) are highly overlapping, no studies have examined whether a core affect sensitivity construct explains this relation. It was hypothesized that, in a sample of 808 treatment-seeking individuals ( M age = 35.11, SD = 14.94), the best-fitting confirmatory factor analysis model of AS and DT would comprise a common underlying affect sensitivity factor orthogonal to DT and lower-order AS factors (physical, cognitive, and social concerns). It was also hypothesized that specific relations between the factors and fear, distress, and alcohol/substance use disorders would emerge. The best-fitting model comprised a common affect sensitivity factor orthogonal to DT and lower-order AS factors. Whereas the affect sensitivity and DT factors were associated with fear, distress, and alcohol/substance use disorders, AS cognitive concerns was only related to distress disorders and AS social concerns was only related to fear disorders.
The Meaning of Birds on Hunping (Spirit Jars): The Religious Imagination of Second to Fourth century Jiangnan

More than 200 heavily decorated jars with five mouths, which are commonly known as hunping and date from the second to the early fourth centuries, have been excavated from tombs in Jiangnan. Remarkably, each of these vessels is unique in appearance. One of their most notable features is that they are adorned with figures of many animals. Of these, the most numerous are birds. This paper endeavours to discover why artisans put so many birds on these vessels. Although many analysts believe the birds are the souls of the departed flying to the heavens, that does not explain why there are so many. This paper contends that the answer lies in local Jiangnan legends and beliefs, in which sparrows stole rice from Heaven and introduced its cultivation to humans. Birds thereby were seen as grain and fertility gods and thus emblems of good fortune for both the dead and the living.
From pan-Asianism to safari-Zionism: gendered Orientalism in Jewish-Austrian literature

This essay reviews representations of Palestine and its Arab inhabitants through studying a set of Jewish-Austrian texts. It aims to investigate how the question of Palestine and the issue of the P...
Collective Excitations at Filling Factor 5/2: The View from Superspace.

We present a microscopic theory of the neutral collective modes supported by the non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall states at filling factor $5/2$. The theory is formulated in terms of the trial states describing the Girvin--MacDonald--Platzman mode and its fermionic counterpart. These modes are superpartners of each other in a concrete sense, which we elucidate.
Two for the price of one: Prevalence, demographics and treatment implications of multiple HPV mediated Head and Neck Cancers

Abstract Objectives HPV mediated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPVmHNSCC) is increasing in prevalence in the United States, as are reports of patients with multiple HPVmHNSCCs. The prevalence, demographics, and treatment implications of this emerging clinical entity are poorly understood. Materials and methods We performed a multitiered assessment of patients with multiple HPVmHNSCC including: 1. systematic review of the literature, 2. query of the 2017 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and 3. institutional level reporting at two high volume academic centers. Results Systematic literature review: 13 articles met inclusion criteria (48 patients with multiple HPVmHNSCC). Pooled prevalence rate of multiple HPVmHNSCC was 2.64%. SEER database: 60(0.95%) patients with HPVmHNSCC had two tumors. Patients with multiple HPVmHNSCC were more likely to be younger and present with a lower T and N stage (p Conclusion Multiple HPVmHNSCCs occur in a subset of HPVmHNSCC cases with distinct characteristics. Thorough interrogation of all oropharyngeal subsites should be performed as part of the initial workup for HPVmHNSCC, with consideration given to contralateral tonsillectomy at the time of surgical resection for HPV mediated tonsil cancers due to the prevalence of contralateral tonsil primaries.
A biomass pretreatment using cellulose-derived solvent Cyrene

Despite only recently becoming available in the quantities required for solvent usage, the cellulose-derived solvent, named Cyrene, has gained significant attention in green chemistry in recent years. To fulfill the sustainability criteria of future biorefineries, a novel renewable biomass pretreatment using Cyrene and water was developed for the first time. Results showed that Cyrene has high potential as a green pretreatment solvent in terms of lignin fractionation/recovery and sugar release in the follow-up enzymatic hydrolysis. The mechanism of this pretreatment was revealed by investigating the structural characteristics of pretreated biomass, and the recovered lignin was also fully characterized to assess its valorization potential. Results indicated that Cyrene pretreatment could be performed at a mild condition (120 °C) to reduce the lignin condensation and the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages without compromising lignin removal and the following sugar platform. The successful utilization of this cellulose-derived solvent in pretreatment will further contribute to the realization of a “closed-loop” biorefinery process.
An Assessment of Hitmen and Contracted Violence Providers Operating Online

Past research has considered the ways in which vendors and consumers of illicit goods adapt to various formal and informal threats and manage risk in online environments. However, this topic is vir...
‘Worth more than just its weight in gold’: Nameplate jewellery and the practice of oppositional respectability

Nameplate jewellery is a style of customisable adornment in which names or words are crafted from gold or other metals and worn as necklaces, earrings, rings, belt buckles, or bracelets. For nearly...
Who Owns Your Health Data? Two Interventions Addressing Data of Wearable Health Devices among Young Adults and Future Health Clinicians

Mobile health monitoring devices (MHMDs) have become widely integrated into our personal lives as well as healthcare delivery. However, less attention is paid to individual consumer and clinician a...