cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth estimation for multimode optical fibers using the frequency correlation function of speckle patterns.

In this paper we present a new method for estimating the bandwidth of multimode optical fibers based on the frequency correlation function of the speckle patterns generated by the interference of fiber modes. This technique, which does not require a pulse or signal generator, can be utilized to estimate the bandwidth of a multimode fiber using a relatively short length of fiber. By applying this method to a test fiber we obtained a bandwidth of ~36 MHz · km which is in relatively good agreement with the ~44-MHz · km bandwidth measured by a conventional pulsed technique.
Every nonsingular C1 flow on a closed manifold of dimension greater than two has a global transverse disk

Abstract We prove three results about global cross sections which are disks, henceforth called global transverse disks. First we prove that every nonsingular (fixed point free) C 1 flow on a closed (compact, no boundary) connected manifold of dimension greater than 2 has a global transverse disk. Next we prove that for any such flow, if the directed graph G h has a loop then the flow does not have a closed manifold which is a global cross section. This property of G h is easy to read off from the first return map for the global transverse disk. Lastly, we give criteria for an “M-cellwise continuous” (a special case of piecewise continuous) map h :D 2 →D 2 that determines whether h is the first return map for some global transverse disk of some flow ϕ . In such a case, we call ϕ the suspension of h .
Augmented Heat Transfer in a Recovery Passage Downstream From a Grooved Section: An Example of Uncoupled Heat/Momentum Transport

Earlier experiments have shown that cutting transverse grooves into one surface of a rectangular cross-sectional passage stimulates flow instabilities that greatly enhance heat transfer/pumping power performance of air flows in the Reynolds number range 1000 < Re < 5000. In the current work, heat transfer, pressure, and velocity measurements in a flat passage downstream from a grooved region are used to study how the flow recovers once it is disturbed. The time-averaged and unsteady velocity profiles, as well as the heat transfer coefficient, are dramatically affected for up to 20 hydraulic diameters past the end of the grooved section. The recovery lengths for shear stress and pressure gradient are significantly shorter and decrease rapidly for Reynolds numbers greater than Re = 3000. As a result, a 5.4-hydraulic-diameter-long recovery region requires 44 percent less pumping power for a given heat transfer level than if grooving continued.
A comparative structural study on the hemoglobins in Macaca speciosa.

Abstract The two hemoglobins present in adult Macaca speciosa were examined in a series of structural studies. A glycyl-aspartyl exchange in the α-TP-III peptide was found to explain the charge difference between the two hemoglobins. A comparative structural study of the hemoglobins present in the two Macaca speciosa hemoglobin phenotypes was made by use of two-dimensional chromatography of tryptic peptides and chymotryptic peptides of the core, as well as by composition determination of α-TP-III and α-TP-IV peptides. Isoelectric focusing was also used. No differences were detected between homologous hemoglobins or globins from the two phenotypes. The amino acid composition of the tryptic peptide, α-TP-IV, was shown to differ from the same peptide in human Hb-A by an alanyl-glycyl exchange. Isoelectric focusing of the hemoglobins revealed additional components which could be explained by storage effects.
Investigation of the Dynamics of Microend Milling—Part I: Model Development

In microend milling, due to the comparable size of the edge radius to chip thickness, chip formation mechanisms are different. Also, the design of microend mills with features of a large shank, taper, and reduced diameter at the cutting edges introduces additional dynamics and faults or errors at the cutting edges. A dynamic microend milling cutting force and vibration model has been developed to investigate the microend milling dynamics caused by the unique mechanisms of chip formation as well as the unique microend mill design and its associated fault system. The chip thickness model has been developed considering the elastic-plastic nature in the ploughing process. A slip-line field modeling approach is taken for a cutting force model development that accounts for variations in the effective rake angle and dead metal cap. The process fault parameters associated with microend mills have been defined and their effects on chip load have been derived. Finally, a dynamic model has been developed considering the effects of both the unique microend mill design and fault system and factors that become significant at high spindle speeds including rotary inertia and gyroscopic moments.
Exaggerated Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor Response to Acute Hypoxia in the Endothelin B Receptor Deficient Rat

Exaggerated Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor Response to Acute Hypoxia in the Endothelin B Receptor Deficient Rat
A comparison of dispersing media for various engineered carbon nanoparticles

With the increased manufacture and use of carbon nanoparticles (CNP) there has been increasing concern about the potential toxicity of fugitive CNP in the workplace and ambient environment. To address this matter a number of investigators have conducted in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessments. However, a variety of different approaches for suspension of these particles (culture media, Tween 80, dimethyl sulfoxide, phosphate-buffered saline, fetal calf serum, and others), and different sources of materials have generated potentially conflicting outcomes. The quality of the dispersion of nanoparticles is very dependent on the medium used to suspend them, and this then will most likely affect the biological outcomes. In this work, the distributions of different CNP (sources and types) have been characterized in various media. Furthermore, the outcome of instilling the different agglomerates, or size distributions, was examined in mouse lungs after one and seven days. Our results demonstrated that CNP suspended in serum produced particle suspensions with the fewest large agglomerates, and the most uniform distribution in mouse lungs. In addition, no apparent clearance of instilled CNP took place from lungs even after seven days. This work demonstrates that CNP agglomerates are present in all dispersing vehicles to some degree. The vehicle that contains some protein, lipid or protein/lipid component disperses the CNP best, producing fewer large CNP agglomerates. In contrast, vehicles absent of lipid and protein produce the largest CNP agglomerates. The source of the CNP is also a factor in the degree of particle agglomeration within the same vehicle.
Periodontal aspects of restorative dentistry.

Summary Current trends in periodontal aspects of restorative dentistry are: (1) Supragingival placement of margins of restorations. (2) Avoidance of overcontoured restoration, and minimal concern with lack of contour. (3) Search for occlusal stability or self-limited movement patterns of teeth through precise occlusal adjustment and accurate reconstruction of occlusal anatomy in single restorations. (4) Restricted indications for splinting of mobile teeth. (5) Hemisection with fixed bridges in cases of extensive bifurcation involvement. (6) Restricted indications for replacement of lost molars. The purpose of restorative dentistry is to restore and maintain health and functional comfort of the natural dentition combined with satisfactory aesthetic appearance. Thus, all dental restorations should comply with established requirements for periodontal physiology and health, both with regard to surface and functional characteristics.
Diagnosis of invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis facilitated by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: a case report

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is the most common form of infection by Aspergillus species among immunocompromised patients. Although this infection frequently involves the lung parenchyma, it is unusual to find it limited to the tracheobronchial tree, a condition known as invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis. A 65 year-old Hispanic man from Bolivia with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed cough and malaise eight months after having an allogenic stem cell transplant. A computed tomography of the chest revealed an area of diffuse soft tissue thickening around the left main stem bronchus, which was intensely fluorodeoxyglucose-avid on positron emission tomography scanning. An initial bronchoscopic exam revealed circumferential narrowing of the entire left main stem bronchus with necrotic and friable material on the medial wall. Neither aspirates from this necrotic area nor bronchial washing were diagnostic. A second bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound evidenced a soft tissue thickening on the medial aspect of the left main stem bronchus underlying the area of necrosis visible endoluminally. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration performed in this area revealed multiple fungal elements suggestive of Aspergillus species. We describe the first case of invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis in which the diagnosis was facilitated by the use of endobronchial ultrasound guided trans-bronchial needle aspiration. To the best of our knowledge, we are also presenting the first positron emission tomography scan images of this condition in the literature. We cautiously suggest that endobronchial ultrasound imaging may be a useful tool to evaluate the degree of invasion and the involvement of vascular structures in these patients prior to bronchoscopic manipulation of the affected areas in an effort to avoid potentially fatal hemorrhage.
Perceived Crowding in Recreational Settings: An Environment-Behavior Model

In recent years, considerable attention has been given to issues of human crowding. While some general models have been proposed, this article presents a model of crowding specifically addressing r...
What do we know about interrogation in the United States

This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the literature about police interrogations. The review suggests that interrogation manuals are reasonably uniform, currently used interrogation tactics are successful in the majority of cases, and that a confession has a significant impact on case processing. The review also considers that literature on the relationship between police interrogation practices and false confessions. Finally, future directions for interrogation research are suggested.
Progression of Neurodegeneration and Morphologic Changes in the Brains of Juvenile Mice With Selenoprotein P Deleted

Selenoprotein P (Sepp1) is an important protein involved in selenium (Se) transport and homeostasis. Severe neurologic dysfunction develops in Sepp1 null mice (Sepp1(-/-)) fed a selenium-deficient diet. Sepp1(-/-) mice fed a selenium-deficient diet have extensive degeneration of the brainstem and thalamus, and even when supplemented with selenium exhibit subtle learning deficits and altered basal synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The goal of this study was to delineate the regional progression of neurodegeneration in the brain, determine the extent of neuronal cell death, and evaluate neurite structural changes within the hippocampus of Sepp1(-/-) mice. Whole brain serial sections of wild-type and Sepp1(-/-) mice maintained on selenium-deficient or supplemented diets over the course of 12 days from weaning were evaluated with amino cupric silver neurodegeneration stain. The neurodegeneration was present in all regions upon weaning and progressed over 12 days in Sepp1(-/-) mice fed selenium-deficient diet, except in the medial forebrain bundle and somatosensory cortex where the neurodegeneration developed post-weaning. The neurodegeneration was predominantly axonal, however the somatosensory cortex and lateral striatum showed silver-stained neurons. Morphologic analysis of the hippocampus revealed decreased dendritic length and spine density, suggesting that loss of Sepp1 also causes subtle changes in the brain that can contribute to functional deficits. These data illustrate that deletion of Sepp1, and presumably selenium deficiency in the brain, produce both neuronal and axonal degeneration as well as more moderate and potentially reversible neurite changes in the developing brain.
Automatic target prediction and subtle gaze guidance for improved spatial information recall

Humans rely heavily on spatial information to perform everyday tasks. Developing good spatial understanding is highly dependent on how the viewer's attention is deployed to specific locations in a scene. Bailey et al. [2009] showed that it is possible to influence exactly where attention is allocated using a technique called Subtle Gaze Direction (SGD). The SGD approach combines eye tracking with subtle image-space modulations to guide viewer gaze about a scene. The modulations are presented to peripheral regions of the field of view, in order to attract the viewer's attention, but are terminated before the viewer can scrutinize them with their high acuity foveal vision. It was observed that subjects who were guided using SGD performed significantly better in recollecting the count and location of target objects, however no significant performance improvement was observed in identifying the shape of the target objects [Bailey et al. 2012]. Also, in previous studies involving SGD, the target locations were manually chosen by researchers. This paper addresses these two limitations. We present a novel technique for automatically selecting target regions using visual saliency and key features in the image. The shape recollection issue is solved by modulating a rough outline of the target object obtained using an edge map composed from a pyramid of low spatial frequency maps of the original image. Results from a user study show that the influence of this approach significantly improved accuracy of target count recollection, location recollection, as well as shape recollection without any manual intervention. Furthermore our technique correctly predicted 81% of the target regions without any prior knowledge of the recollection task being assigned to the viewer. This work has implications for a wide range of applications including spatial learning in virtual environments as well as image search applications, virtual training and perceptually based rendering.
Curriculum 2001 (panel session): evaluating the Strawman report representatives of the ACM/IEEE-CS task force

In the fall of 1998, the ACM Education Board and the Educational Activities Board of the IEEE Computer Society appointed representatives to a joint task force to prepare Curriculum 2001, the next installment in a series of reports on the undergraduate computer science curriculum that began in 1968 and was then updated in 1978 and 1991. Interim reports on the initial planning of the curriculum were presented at the SIGCSE symposium in March 1999 and at the IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference in November 1999. In February 2000, the Curriculum 2001 Task Force will release a preliminary version of its report, in the hope of gaining feedback from a wider audience. The purpose of this panel is to give attenders at the SIGCSE conference to review the current state of the preliminary draft and offer their comments to the members of the Curriculum 2001 steering committee on the panel.
Improving reliability of energy-efficient parallel storage systems by disk swapping

The Popular Disk Concentration (PDC) technique and the Massive Array of Idle Disks (MAID) technique are two effective energy saving schemes for parallel disk systems. The goal of PDC and MAID is to skew I/O load towards a few disks so that other disks can be transitioned to low power states to conserve energy. I/O load skewing techniques like PDC and MAID inherently affect reliability of parallel disks because disks storing popular data tend to have high failure rates than disks storing cold data. To achieve good tradeoffs between energy efficiency and disk reliability, we first present a reliability model to quantitatively study the reliability of energy-efficient parallel disk systems equipped with the PDC and MAID schemes. Then, we propose a novel strategy—disk swapping—to improve disk reliability by alternating disks storing hot data with disks holding cold data. We demonstrate that our disk-swapping strategies not only can increase the lifetime of cache disks in MAID-based parallel disk systems, but also can improve reliability of PDC-based parallel disk systems.
Model for Oxygen Recombination on Reaction-Cured Glass

This article briefly reviews the model for recombination of oxygen on a silicon-dioxide surface presented in detail in a previous paper. Data for oxygen recombination on reaction-cure d glass (RCG), a silicon-dioxid ebased material, is presented and compared with the Si-O2 recombination model. The model is modified slightly to better represent the oxygen-RCG system, but the essential feature of the model, the participation of the oxygen of the surface matrix itself, remains unchanged. The ramifications of the model toward the production of excited molecular oxygen is examined as it may pertain to surface heating during a re-entry. Data indicating that the predicted production of singlet-delta oxygen, and no higher-electronic-state oxygen is given in support of the model.
Web Based Nasal Surgical Simulator Using VRML and Java

This paper describes a nasal surgical simulator that we have designed and implemented to run on the WWW using VRML and Java. In this paper we concentrate on implementation details such as collision detection and the usage of our simulator. At last, we discuss the advantage and disadvantage of the simulator
Efficient algorithms for discrete lattice calculations

We discuss algorithms for lattice-based computations, in particular lattice reduction, the detection of nearest neighbors, and the computation of clusters of nearest neighbors. We focus on algorithms that are most efficient for low spatial dimensions (typically d=2,3) and input data within a reasonably limited range. This makes them most useful for physically oriented numerical simulations, for example of crystalline solids. Different solution strategies are discussed, formulated as algorithms, and numerically evaluated.
Total Positivity Properties of Generalized Hypergeometric Functions of Matrix Argument

In multivariate statistical analysis, several authors have studied the total positivity properties of the generalized (0F1) hypergeometric function of two real symmetric matrix arguments. In this paper, we make use of zonal polynomial expansions to obtain a new proof of a result that these 0F1 functions fail to satisfy certain pairwise total positivity properties; this proof extends both to arbitrary generalized ( rFs) functions of two matrix arguments and to the generalized hypergeometric functions of Hermitian matrix arguments. In the case of the generalized hypergeometric functions of two Hermitian matrix arguments, we prove that these functions satisfy certain modified pairwise TP2 properties; the proofs of these results are based on Sylvester’s formula for compound determinants and the condensation formula of C. L. Dodgson [Lewis Carroll] (1866).
Rickets case series and diagnostic review of hypovitaminosis D in swine

Rickets can be attributed to nutritional, genetic, hormonal, or toxic disturbances and is classified as a metabolic bone disease. Rickets is most often associated with inappropriate dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus, and/or vitamin D. During a 27-month period (January 2010 through March 2012), the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory investigated causes of sudden, unexpected death and lameness in growing pigs throughout the Midwestern United States. Clinical observations from 17 growing pig cases included weakness, lameness, reluctance to move, muscle fasciculations and/or tremors, tetany, and death. Ribs were weak, soft, and bent prior to breaking; rachitic lesions were apparent at costochondral junctions in multiple cases. Acute and/or chronic bone fractures were also noted in multiple bones. Failure of endochondral ossification, expanded physes, infractions, thin trabeculae, and increased osteoclasts were noted microscopically. Decreased bone ash and serum 25(OH)D(3), combined with clinical and microscopic evaluation, confirmed a diagnosis of vitamin D-dependent rickets in all cases. In 3 cases, disease was linked to a specific nutrient supplier that ultimately resulted in a voluntary feed recall; however, most cases in the current investigation were not associated with a particular feed company. The present report describes vitamin D-associated rickets and its importance as a potential cause of weakness, lameness, muscle fasciculations, recumbency or sudden unexpected death in swine, and describes appropriate samples and tests for disease diagnosis.
Achievable rates and capacity for Gaussian relay channels with correlated noises

We investigate the Gaussian relay channel where the additive noises at the relay and destination are correlated. We obtain achievable rates for the compress-and-forward and decode-and-forward relaying strategies, and compare them to each other and to the capacity upper bound.We show that neither scheme is uniformly best over all channel gains and correlation coefficients. We also derive specific relationships between the channel gains and noise correlations for which one of these schemes is capacity-achieving, thereby increasing the class of relay channels for which capacity is known.
Lord Acton's Philosophy of History

"I have never had any contemporaries," said Lord Acton toward the close of his life; and, in the main, he was right. His broad cosmopolitanism made him impatient of English insularity. His belief in the necessity of freedom of conscience alienated him, in spirit if not in form, from the church of his birth. His insistence upon the absolute validity of the moral law as the final measure of all things isolated him in the midst of a century which seemed largely to have concluded that morality and success are synonymous. Certain it is that his own age did not estimate him over highly. At his death in 1902 there were not a few who asserted that for all his
FEMALE PREFERENCES FOR APOSEMATIC SIGNAL COMPONENTS IN A POLYMORPHIC POISON FROG

Aposematic signals may be subject to conflicting selective pressures from predators and conspecifics. We studied female preferences for different components of aposematic coloration in the polymorphic poison frog Oophaga pumilio across several phenotypically distinct populations. This frog shows striking diversity in color and pattern between geographically isolated populations in western Panama. Results indicate that male dorsal color is the most important determiner of female preferences. We did not find consistent evidence for effects of other signal components, such as spotting pattern or ventral color. Females in two populations showed assortative preferences mediated by male dorsal coloration. In a third population we found incomplete color-assortative preference behavior, with females exhibiting strong discrimination toward one novel color but not another. These results hint at a possible interaction between sexual and natural selection: female tolerance of unfamiliar coloration patterns could facilitate the establishment of novel phenotypes that are favored by other selective pressures (e.g., predator biases). Furthermore, our study suggests that specific components of the aposematic signal (i.e., dorsal color, ventral color, and spotting pattern) are affected differently by natural and sexual selection.
Acceleration of suprathermal particles by compressional plasma wave trains in the solar wind

[1] This paper presents a calculation of particle acceleration by an idealized compressional plasma wave train. In this model, suprathermal particles, such as pickup ions, are continuously injected into a wave train consisting of a series of compression or rarefaction regions. The momentum distribution of particles will become broader and broader as they go through the wave train, which is very similar to diffusion in momentum space. The acceleration process is very fast: it does not take too many wave cycles even with a small compression amplitude to reach an asymptotic steady state momentum distribution. In the absence of large-scale adiabatic cooling, the asymptotic distribution is flat below the initial injection momentum, and above the injection momentum, it is proportional to a power law distribution with the slope of −3. This distribution appears to be independent of any model parameters in this acceleration mechanism. If there is a prevailing large-scale adiabatic cooling by the expanding solar wind, the asymptotic steady state distribution remains to be flat below the injection momentum and it is a power law distribution but with a steeper slope above the injection momentum. The acceleration process alone does not automatically guarantee a p−5 power law. However, since the process can quickly build up pressure from the accelerated particles, it is expected that the amplitude of compressional plasma wave will be reduced. In the final state after nonlinear wave-particle interactions, the distribution of accelerated particles and plasma wave must achieve a balance between large-scale adiabatic cooling and the acceleration by compressional plasma waves. The particle distribution at the equilibrium will settle with a p−5 distribution given that the initial solar wind pressure is much larger than the initial pressure of newly injected particles.
Limits of bias based assist methods in nano-scale 6T SRAM

Reduced device dimensions and operating voltages that accompany technology scaling have led to increased design challenges with each successive technology node. Large scale 6T SRAM arrays beyond 65nm will increasingly rely on assist methods to overcome the functional limitations imposed by increased variation, reduced overdrive and the inherent read stability/write margin trade off. Factors such as reliability, leakage and data retention establish the boundary conditions for the maximum voltage bias permitted for a given circuit assist approach. These constraints set an upper limit on the potential yield improvement that can be obtained for a given assist method and limit the minimum operation voltage (Vmin). By application of this set of constraints, we show that the read assist limit contour (ALC) in the margin/delay space can provide insight into the ultimate limits for the nano-scale CMOS 6T SRAM.
A Specification and Verifiaction Tool for Communication Protocols

This paper describes Protype, a prototyping tool for communication protocol specifications. The tool is based on extended finite state machine augmented with context variables and procedural information. The tool helps a protocol designer in developing error free protocols. It also helps protocol implementors in verifying protocols.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Physical Therapists: A Prospective Cohort Study With 1-Year Follow-up

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have a significant impact on physical therapists, but few studies have addressed the issue. Research is needed to determine the scope of the problem and the effects of specific risk factors. Objectives: The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the 1-year incidence rate of WMSDs in physical therapists and (2) to determine the effects of specific risk factors. Design: This was a prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up. Methods: Subjects were randomly selected American Physical Therapy Association members (N=882). Exposure assessment included demographic data, physical risk factors, job strain, and specific physical therapy tasks. The primary outcome was WMSDs, with a severity rating of at least 4/10 and present at least once a month or lasting longer than a week. Results: The response rate to the baseline questionnaire was 67%. Ninety-three percent of the subjects who responded to the baseline questionnaire responded to the follow-up questionnaire. The 1-year incidence rate of WMSDs was 20.7%. Factors that increased the risk for WMSDs included patient transfers, patient repositioning, bent or twisted postures, joint mobilization, soft tissue work, and job strain. Limitations: The primary limitation of this study was the number of therapists who had a change in their job situation during the follow-up year. Conclusions: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in physical therapists. Physical therapy exposures, patient handling, and manual therapy, in particular, increase the risk for WMSDs.
Voids and Density Distributions in 2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) Prepared Under Various Conditions

The density distributions of six samples of CL-20 were measured using the density gradient technique. This technique was used to determine which preparation procedure produced the highest average CL-20 density. Assuming crystals with fewer flaws result in reduced sensitivity to shock initiation, higher average crystal density (closest to the theoretical maximum density) would imply the least number of voids or inclusions. Based on hot-spot theory, better crystals, i.e., smaller number of flaws will reduce the shock sensitivity and perhaps other impact initiation mechanisms as well. Six samples from different synthesis and crystallization procedures gave average densities from 2.042 to 2.0230 g/cm3 as measured by density gradient. Assuming the voids have no density, the crystals were between 99.90 to 98.98% of the theoretical maximum density (TMD for e-CL-20 is 2.044 g/cm3). An attempt was made to account for the density difference by identifying voids in the crystals using polarized light microscopy. This method also gave some insight into the different morphologies produced by different crystallization techniques. In 3 cases voids on the order of several micrometers could be resolved in large CL-20 crystals.
FEDEP V1.4: an update to the HLA process model

The Department of Defense (DoD) High Level Architecture (HLA) for modeling and simulation (M&S) was developed as a means of facilitating interoperability among simulations and promoting reuse of simulations and their components. Although the three HLA specifications together provide the necessary technical foundation for developing distributed, interoperable simulation applications, they do not explicitly define how such applications are developed. In this regard, in order to provide practical guidance to the HLA user community, the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO) has sponsored the creation of a process model that describes a structured, common sense approach to HLA federation development. This process model is known as the HLA Federation Development and Execution Process (FEDEP) Model. The primary purpose of the paper is to outline the modifications that have been incorporated in transitioning from FEDEP V1.3 to FEDEP V1.4. The paper also describes the Concept of Operations (ConOps) for how new releases of the FEDEP are produced, and identifies other related products which may be used in concert with the FEDEP to support the needs of HLA federation developers.
Capturing the Family Context of Emotion Regulation A Family Systems Model Comparison Approach

Several dimensions of family functioning are recognized as formative influences on children’s emotion regulation. Historically, they have been studied separately, limiting our ability to understand how they function within the family system. The present investigation tested models including family emotional climate, interparental conflict, and maternal and paternal warmth and emotional support in relation to children’s emotion regulation, using a multimethod, multi-informant design with 150 ethnically diverse two-parent families. Mother, father, and child surveys and observational techniques were used to assess the variables of interest. Three theoretically informed comprehensive models were tested and compared. The best fitting model highlighted positive family climate and maternal warmth and sensitivity as unique predictors. Interparental conflict was indirectly linked with children’s emotion regulation through both processes. This study underscores the value of evaluating family-wide, interparental, an...
A silicon nano-wire factorable photon pair source

We propose a scheme for generating pairs of de‐correlated photons in silicon nanowire waveguides. By properly engineering the geometrical dispersion of nanoscale waveguides we achieve both four‐wave‐mixing and group velocity matching. Factorable pure photon states are found that do not require spectral filtering. Highly anti‐correlated two‐photon states can be realized far from the Raman background of the waveguide. Our results hold promise for the realization of an integrated single photon source.
Sleepiness in patients with moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing

: Population-based studies suggest that complaints of sleepi-ness are absent in many individuals with sleep-disordered breathing. Weinvestigated the prevalence of sleepiness as well as factors associatedwith sleepiness in individuals with moderate to severe sleep-disorderedbreathing (apnea-hypopnea index >15).
Vasopressin increases expression of UT-A1, UT-A3, and ER chaperone GRP78 in the renal medulla of mice with a urinary concentrating defect

Activation of V2 receptors (V2R) during antidiuresis increases the permeability of the inner medullary collecting duct to urea and water. Extracellular osmolality is elevated as the concentrating capacity of the kidney increases. Osmolality is known to contribute to the regulation of collecting duct water (aquaporin-2; AQP2) and urea transporter (UT-A1, UT-A3) regulation. AQP1KO mice are a concentrating mechanism knockout, a defect attributed to the loss of high interstitial osmolality. A V2R-specific agonist, deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), was infused into wild-type and AQP1KO mice for 7 days. UT-A1 mRNA and protein abundance were significantly increased in the medullas of wild-type and AQP1KO mice following dDAVP infusion. The mRNA and protein abundance of UT-A3, the basolateral urea transporter, was significantly increased by dDAVP in both wild-type and AQP1KO mice. Semiquantitative immunoblots revealed that dDAVP infusion induced a significant increase in the medullary expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone GRP78. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that GRP78 expression colocalized with AQP2 in principal cells of the papillary tip of the renal medulla. Using immunohistochemistry and immunogold electron microscopy, we demonstrate that vasopressin induced a marked apical targeting of GRP78 in medullary principal cells. Urea-sensitive genes, GADD153 and ATF4 (components of the ER stress pathway), were significantly increased in AQP1KO mice by dDAVP infusion. These findings strongly support an important role of vasopressin in the activation of an ER stress response in renal collecting duct cells, in addition to its role in activating an increase in UT-A1 and UT-A3 abundance.
EFFECTS OF A SCHOOL-BASED ALCOHOL EDUCATION PROGRAM WITH A MEDIA PREVENTION COMPONENT

The effects of an alcohol education presentation with a media component of public service announcements were evaluated. The presentation was conducted over three (consecutive) days with 10th and 11th grade students in a rural area of South Carolina. The professionally produced announcements focused on drinking and driving. 52 subjects were assigned by classroom to either of two treatment groups or a control condition. Both treatment groups received the educational presentation but differed in that Group 2 was also exposed to the videotaped announcements. Effects of exposure were evaluated in separate measures of knowledge, attitudes, and alcohol involvement, using a pre-posttest design, with a 1-mo. follow-up. Analysis showed an effect of over-all program on knowledge at follow-up, but none on attitudes or alcohol involvement. These findings and their implications are discussed in the context of previous evaluations of alcohol education programs and media efforts.
Directional Sensitivity of Neurons in the Primary Auditory (AI) Cortex: Effects of Sound-Source Intensity Level

Transient sounds were delivered from different directions in virtual acoustic space while recording from single neurons in primary auditory cortex (AI) of cats under general anesthesia. The intensi...
The risk of death from combined abortion-sterilization procedures: Can hysterotomy or hysterectomy be justified?

Abstract Clinicians have debated whether women who request permanent sterilization when they undergo elective abortion should have the two operations done concurrently. Moreover, if the procedures are performed concurrently, the appropriate surgical approach is unknown. To evaluate the latter issue, we identified all concurrent abortion-sterilization deaths in the United States in the period 1972 to 1978 from the Centers for Disease Control's nationwide surveillance of abortion mortality and divided them into two groups: those who had hysterotomy with tubal ligation or hysterectomy (H/H) and those who had curettage or instillation procedures, with tubal ligation by laparoscopy or laparotomy (other procedures). We then used data from the Joint Program for the Study of Abortion (JPSA/CDC) to estimate the number of procedures done in the United States in the period 1972 to 1978 and calculated death-to-case rates for each group. We found that the risk of dying from a concurrent abortion-sterilization procedure was 3.3 times higher if done by H/H. The relative risk for this group was highest during the first 12 weeks of gestation (4.6) and lowest at 13 weeks or later (1.3), regardless of the presence or absence of preexisting medical conditions. Except in the rare instances where the woman has an indication for hysterectomy other than fertility control, the performance of hysterectomy or hysterotomy for concurrent abortion-sterilization, particularly at less than 13 weeks' gestation, does not appear justified.
Occult gastrointestinal carcinoma causing metastatic clostridial soft-tissue infection. Report of two cases.

The association between nontraumatic, metastatic, clostridial softtissue infection and malignancy is well recognized, particularly whenClostridium septicum is involved. This report presents two patients with nontraumatic, metastatic, soft-tissue infection due toC. septicum and reviews the English medical literature. Eighty-four percent of the reported patients were found to have colon carcinoma, which was postulated to be the portal of entry. Prognosis is poor, but early recognition and antimicrobial therapy with prompt and aggressive surgical intervention, both for the soft-tissue infection and the abdominal process, may lower the high mortality.
Taking Situations Seriously The Situation Construal Model and the Riverside Situational Q-Sort

After years of neglect, situations are beginning to be taken seriously in psychological research. Two recent steps include the development of a theoretical framework, the Situation Construal Model (SCM), and an assessment tool, the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). The SCM describes behavior not only as a function of direct effects of personality and situations but also as a function of construal—how the individual perceives and responds to each situation he or she confronts. The RSQ assesses situations in terms of 89 descriptive phrases that can be rated by observers or participants; the consensus of socially competent observers represents the “objective” nature of a situation. The SCM provides a basis for an ongoing program of research using the RSQ to examine topics including the consistency of behavior, person-environment congruence, consequences of situational construal in social and medical contexts, classification of situations based on evolutionary theory, and the comparison of situational exper...
A hybrid experimental-numerical technique for determining 3D velocity fields from planar 2D PIV data

Knowledge of 3D, three component velocity fields is central to the understanding and development of effective microfluidic devices for lab-on-chip mixing applications. In this paper we present a hybrid experimental-numerical method for the generation of 3D flow information from 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) experimental data and finite element simulations of an alternating current electrothermal (ACET) micromixer. A numerical least-squares optimization algorithm is applied to a theory-based 3D multiphysics simulation in conjunction with 2D PIV data to generate an improved estimation of the steady state velocity field. This 3D velocity field can be used to assess mixing phenomena more accurately than would be possible through simulation alone. Our technique can also be used to estimate uncertain quantities in experimental situations by fitting the gathered field data to a simulated physical model. The optimization algorithm reduced the root-mean-squared difference between the experimental and simulated velocity fields in the target region by more than a factor of 4, resulting in an average error less than 12% of the average velocity magnitude.
A fast method for tracking multiple nonstationary tones

A row action projection technique with adaptive frequency space partitioning is used. A sample-by-sample update strategy provides a dynamic block size and allows for superresolution in the frequency domain with little loss of time localization. Numerical results demonstrate the superresolving capability and fast tracking rate, as well as the stability in the presence of additive noise. This technique provides a real-time method of tracking the instantaneous frequency of a signal. The tracking capability of a frequency modulated (FM) signal is compared to that given by the analytic signal and the Wigner distribution methods. The method is proposed for tracking multiple narrowband signals and has applications in tracking of frequency-hopping signals, dynamic subband analysis, demodulation of digital FM, and multiple target tracking. >
Nonclassical Graphene Plasmonics

We first review the necessary components of electrodynamics and establish a practical notion of optical excitations. Next, we specialize to plasmonic excitations, and discuss their classical features. Finally, we cover theoretical aspects of techniques that probe the properties of plasmons in practice.
ATTORNEYS' FEES AGAINST GOVERNMENT DEFENDANTS: ECONOMICS REQUIRES A NEW PROPOSAL

A few years ago, as Snoopy lay smiling on the roof of hIS dog­ house, Charlie Brown stood nearby and declared: "When a person takes on an mstitutIon, the mstitutIon has a definite tendency to wm. Current law on the awarding of attorneys fees agamst gov­ ernment defendants! should be exammed and understood m the context of Charlie Brown s pithy observatIon. ThIS IS necessary be­ cause federal and state governments are a shapmg force m all litIgatIon. From court systems to the law itself, governmentally financed JudicIal, legIslative, and admmistratIve VOIces are omnI­ present. ThIS ubIquitous presence gIves government the upper hand m cIvil litIgatIon, especIally if procedure controls substance. Govern­ ment, not prIvate mdividuals or entitIes, deCIdes who may sue whom and who may sue the government. 2 It IS government whICh deSIgnates the form and scope of its own liability 3 It IS govern­ ment whICh determmes the rules of litIgatIon. 4 These rules differ entIate between government and non-government defendants with respect to serVIce of process,5 due dates for responSIve pleading, 6
The Impact of Older Parents' Pain Symptoms on Adult Children.

Objective Not only is persistent pain a debilitating health problem for older adults, it also may have negative effects on family relationships. Studies have documented the effects of pain on spouses and on parents of young children. However, research has not extended this line of inquiry to later life, and specifically to the impact of older parents' pain symptoms on adult children. This study addresses the question: Does older mothers' pain affect the quality of relations with offspring? Subjects and design Using data from a survey of 678 adult children of older mothers, this article presents two analyses examining the impact of mothers' self-reported pain on emotional closeness and on tension in the adult child-parent relationship. Results Contrary to research conducted on younger families, multilevel models showed no effects on emotional closeness or tension in relationships with adult children when mothers experienced higher levels of persistent pain. This surprising finding suggests that mechanisms may exist that protect adult child caregivers from stressors that result from a relative's chronic pain. Conclusions Based on the findings of this article, further exploration of the impact of chronic pain on relations between adult children and their parents is justified. Of interest is exploration of factors that may insulate later-life intergenerational relationships from the effects of pain.
Forecasting Ebola with a regression transmission model

We describe a relatively simple stochastic model of Ebola transmission that was used to produce forecasts with the lowest mean absolute error among Ebola Forecasting Challenge participants. The model enabled prediction of peak incidence, the timing of this peak, and final size of the outbreak. The underlying discrete-time compartmental model used a time-varying reproductive rate modeled as a multiplicative random walk driven by the number of infectious individuals. This structure generalizes traditional Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) disease modeling approaches and allows for the flexible consideration of outbreaks with complex trajectories of disease dynamics.
Fight the silencing of gun research

As anti-science sentiment sweeps the world, it is vital to stop the suppression of firearms studies, argues David Hemenway.