cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ab-initio Study of the Electron Mobility in a Functionalized UiO-66 Metal Organic Framework

This study leverages density functional theory accompanied with Boltzmann transport equation approaches to investigate the electronic mobility as a function of inorganic substitution and functionalization in a thermally stable UiO-66 metal-organic framework (MOF). The MOFs investigated are based on Zr-UiO-66 MOF with three functionalization groups of benzene dicarboxylate (BDC), BDC functionalized with an amino group ( $$\hbox {BDC} + \hbox {NH}_2$$ ) and a nitro group ( $$\hbox {BDC} + \hbox {NO}_2$$ ). The design space of this study is bound by UiO-66(M)-R, [ $$\hbox {M}=\hbox {Zr}$$ , Ti, Hf; $$\hbox {R}=\hbox {BDC}$$ , $$\hbox {BDC}+\hbox {NO}_2$$ , $$\hbox {BDC}+\hbox {NH}_2$$ ]. The elastic modulus was not found to vary significantly over the structural modification of the design space for either functionalization or inorganic substitution. However, the electron–phonon scattering potential was found to be controllable by up to 30% through controlled inorganic substitution in the metal clusters of the MOF structure. The highest electron mobility was predicted for a UiO-66( $$\hbox {Hf}_5\hbox {Zr}_1$$ ) achieving a value of approximately $$1.4\times 10^{-3}\,\hbox {cm}^2$$ /V s. It was determined that functionalization provides a controlled method of modulating the charge density, while inorganic substitution provides a controlled method of modulating the electronic mobility. Within the proposed design space the electrical conductivity was able to be increased by approximately three times the base conductivity through a combination of inorganic substitution and functionalization.
TWISTING, RECONNECTING MAGNETOSPHERES AND MAGNETAR SPINDOWN

We present the first simulations of evolving, strongly twisted magnetar magnetospheres. Slow shearing of the magnetar crust is seen to lead to a series of magnetospheric expansion and reconnection events, corresponding to X-ray flares and bursts. The axisymmetric simulations include rotation of the neutron star and the magnetic wind through the light cylinder. We study how the increasing twist affects the spindown rate of the star, finding that a dramatic increase in spindown occurs. Particularly spectacular are explosive events caused by the sudden opening of large amounts of overtwisted magnetic flux, which may be associated with the observed giant flares. These events are accompanied by a short period of ultrastrong spindown, resulting in an abrupt increase in spin period, such as was observed in the giant flare of SGR 1900+14.
Layering in crumpled sheets

We introduce a toy model of crumpled sheets, and use Monte Carlo simulation to show there is a first-order phase transition in the model, from a disordered dilute phase to a mixture with a layered phase. We demonstrate the transition through two order parameters, corr and lay, the first of which measures orientational order while the second measures bulk layering. An important feature of the argument is the behavior of the system as its size is increased.
Exotic spin-dependent forces from a hidden sector

New dynamics from hidden sectors may manifest as long-range forces between visible matter particles. The well-known case of Yukawa-like potentials occurs via the exchange of a single virtual particle. However, more exotic behavior is also possible. We present three classes of exotic potentials that are generated by relativistic theories: (i) quantum forces from the loop-level exchange of two virtual particles, (ii) conformal forces from a conformal sector, and (iii) emergent forces from degrees of freedom that only exist in the infrared regime of the theory. We discuss the complementarity of spin-dependent force searches in an effective field theory framework. We identify well-motivated directions to search for exotic spin-dependent forces.
Relationship between grain boundary segregation and grain boundary diffusion in Cu-Ag alloys

Segregation of alloy components to grain boundaries (GBs) and the drastically accelerated atomic mobility in GB regions are two phenomena of significant fundamental interest and technological importance. Surprisingly, the relationships between them remain virtually unexplored. In this paper, atomistic simulations are applied to understand the effect of GB segregation on GB diffusion using a Cu-Ag alloy as a model. It is shown that GB segregation can cause acceleration or reduction in GB diffusivity of the alloy components, depending on the amount of segregation, temperature, and alloy composition. The diffusion-segregation interplay can be explained by the site-blocking effect and the GB premelting at high temperatures.
Always a Farm Boy

This is the memoir of Brian Dennis – his life story to date, and his involvement with high-energy solar physics.
Inclusive production through AdS/CFT

It has been shown that AdS/CFT calculations can reproduce certain exclusive 2→2 cross sections in QCD at high energy, both for near-forward and for fixed-angle scattering. In this paper, we extend prior treatments by using AdS/CFT to calculate the inclusive single-particle production cross section in QCD at high center-of-mass energy. We find that conformal invariance in the UV restricts the cross section to have a characteristic power-law falloff in the transverse momentum of the produced particle, with the exponent given by twice the conformal dimension of the produced particle, independent of incoming particle types. We conclude by comparing our findings to recent LHC experimental data from ATLAS and ALICE, and find good agreement.
Orbital Decay in LMC X-4

We report on the results of observations of the binary X-ray pulsar LMC X-4 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. Our analysis of the Doppler delays of the 13.5 s X-ray pulsations yields the most accurate determination of the LMC X-4 orbital parameters available to date. The epoch of orbital phase zero for the 1.4 day orbit is determined with an uncertainty of ~20 s and is combined with five earlier determinations of the epoch of phase zero to obtain the rate of change in the orbital period: orb/Porb = (-9.8 ± 0.7) × 10-7 yr-1. This is the first high significance measurement of the rate of change of the orbital period in LMC X-4. We present data on one of three strong X-ray flares as well as energy-dependent pulse profiles for both nonflaring and flaring time intervals. The pulse profiles during the nonflaring time intervals are typically strikingly different from the flare profiles but at other times can be similar. Possible origins of the flaring behavior are discussed. We reconsider the orbital decay of LMC X-4 in the context of tidal evolution. We find that while the orbital decay is most likely driven by tidal interactions, the asynchronism between the orbit and the rotation of the companion star is probably maintained by the evolutionary expansion of the companion star, just as is thought to be the case for Cen X-3 and SMC X-1. For LMC X-4, we find that the evidence favors the companion star being in a late stage of its evolution on the main sequence. The orbital decay timescale of about 1,000,000 yr implies that the Roche lobe will move catastrophically deep into the atmosphere of the companion within a few times 104 yr. This short X-ray lifetime must be similar to the lifetimes of SMC X-1 and Cen X-3 which have decay timescales of 300,000 and 550,000 yr, respectively, and may be typical of all massive X-ray binaries in Roche lobe or near Roche lobe contact.
Compton scattering tomography in translational geometries

Here we present new L2 injectivity results for 2-D and 3-D Compton scattering tomography (CST) problems in translational geometries. The results are proven through the explicit inversion of a new toric section and apple Radon transform, which describe novel 2-D and 3-D acquisition geometries in CST. The geometry considered has potential applications in airport baggage screening and threat detection. We also present a generalization of our injectivity results in 3-D to Radon transforms which describe the integrals of the charge density over the surfaces of revolution of a class of C1 curves.
Nuclear Theory and Science of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) will be a world-leading laboratory for the study of nuclear structure, reactions and astrophysics. Experiments with intense beams of rare isotopes produced at FRIB will guide us toward a comprehensive description of nuclei, elucidate the origin of the elements in the cosmos, help provide an understanding of matter in neutron stars and establish the scientific foundation for innovative applications of nuclear science to society. FRIB will be essential for gaining access to key regions of the nuclear chart, where the measured nuclear properties will challenge established concepts, and highlight shortcomings and needed modifications to current theory. Conversely, nuclear theory will play a critical role in providing the intellectual framework for the science at FRIB, and will provide invaluable guidance to FRIB's experimental programs. This review overviews the broad scope of the FRIB theory effort, which reaches beyond the traditional fields of nuclear structure and reactions, and nuclear astrophysics, to explore exciting interdisciplinary boundaries with other areas.
The Seiberg–Witten equations on end-periodic manifolds and an obstruction to positive scalar curvature metrics

By studying the Seiberg-Witten equations on end-periodic manifolds, we give an obstruction on the existence of positive scalar curvature metric on compact $4$-manifolds with the same homology as $S^{1}\times S^{3}$. This obstruction is given in terms of the relation between the Fr{\o}yshov invariant of the generator of $H_{3}(X;Z)$ with the $4$-dimensional Casson invariant $\lambda_{SW}(X)$ defined by Mrowka-Ruberman-Saveliev. Along the way, we develop a framework that can be useful in further study of the Seiberg-Witten theory on general end-periodic manifolds.
LOW-AMPLITUDE VARIABLES: DISTINGUISHING RR LYRAE STARS FROM ECLIPSING BINARIES

It is not easy to identify and classify low-amplitude variables, but it is important that the classification is done correctly. We use photometry and spectroscopy to classify low-amplitude variables in a 246 deg2 part of the Akerlof et al. field. Akerlof and Collaborators found that 38% of the RR Lyrae stars in their 2000 deg2 test field were RR1 (type c). This suggests that these RR Lyrae stars belong to an Oosterhoff Type II population, while their period distribution is primarily Oosterhoff Type I. Our observations support their RR0 (type ab) classifications; however, six of the seven stars that they classified as RR1 (type c) are eclipsing binaries. Our classifications are supported by spectroscopic metallicities, line-broadening, and Galactic rotation measurements. Our 246 deg2 field contains 16 RR Lyrae stars that are brighter than mR = 14.5; only four of these are RR1 (type c). This corresponds to an Oosterhoff Type I population in agreement with the period distribution.
Differentially Private Model Publishing for Deep Learning

Deep learning techniques based on neural networks have shown significant success in a wide range of AI tasks. Large-scale training datasets are one of the critical factors for their success. However, when the training datasets are crowdsourced from individuals and contain sensitive information, the model parameters may encode private information and bear the risks of privacy leakage. The recent growing trend of the sharing and publishing of pre-trained models further aggravates such privacy risks. To tackle this problem, we propose a differentially private approach for training neural networks. Our approach includes several new techniques for optimizing both privacy loss and model accuracy. We employ a generalization of differential privacy called concentrated differential privacy(CDP), with both a formal and refined privacy loss analysis on two different data batching methods. We implement a dynamic privacy budget allocator over the course of training to improve model accuracy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach effectively improves privacy loss accounting, training efficiency and model quality under a given privacy budget.
Big q-ample line bundles

A recent paper of Totaro developed a theory of q-ample bundles in characteristic 0. Specifically, a line bundle L on X is q-ample if for every coherent sheaf ℱ on X, there exists an integer m0 such that m≥m0 implies Hi (X,ℱ⊗𝒪(mL))=0 for i>q. We show that a line bundle L on a complex projective scheme X is q-ample if and only if the restriction of L to its augmented base locus is q-ample. In particular, when X is a variety and L is big but fails to be q-ample, then there exists a codimension-one subscheme D of X such that the restriction of L to D is not q-ample.
Hyperbolic semi-adequate links

We provide a diagrammatic criterion for semi-adequate links to be hyperbolic. We also give a conjectural description of the satellite structures of semi-adequate links. One application of our result is that the closures of sufficiently complicated positive braids are hyperbolic links.
A New Model for the Radio Emission from SN 1994I and an Associated Search for Radio Transients in M51

We revisit the exquisite archival radio data for the Type Ic supernova SN 1994I and present a revised model for the supernova (SN) radio emission and a pilot study that aims to constrain the rate of C-band radio transients within the face-on host galaxy, M51 (NGC 5194). We find that the temporal and spectral evolution of the SN 1994I radio emission are well fit by a synchrotron self-absorption model and use this to estimate physical parameters. We compute a pre-explosion mass loss rate of yr−1 for the progenitor, consistent with those observed from galactic Wolf–Rayet stars. Our model makes different assumptions for the dynamical model for the shockwave interaction than the model previously published by Weiler et al., but our is consistent with theirs to within errors and assumptions. Drawing from a subset of the archival radio observations from the Very Large Array collected for the monitoring of SN 1994I, we conduct a pilot study to search for previously unidentified transients. Data were primarily taken at a frequency of 4.9 GHz and are logarithmic in cadence, enabling sensitivity to transients with variability timescales ranging from days to months. We find no new transient detections in 31 epochs of data, allowing us to place a upper limit of 17 deg−2 for the source density of radio transients above 0.5 mJy ( erg s−1 Hz−1 at the distance of M51). This study highlights the feasibility of utilizing archival high-cadence radio studies of SN host galaxies to place constraints on the radio transient rate as a function of luminosity in the local universe.
Moments Method for Shell-Model Level Density

The modern form of the Moments Method applied to the calculation of the nuclear shell-model level density is explained and examples of the method at work are given. The calculated level density practically exactly coincides with the result of full diagonalization when the latter is feasible. The method provides the pure level density for given spin and parity with spurious center-of-mass excitations subtracted. The presence and interplay of all correlations leads to the results different from those obtained by the mean-field combinatorics.
Lower Limits on Aperture Size for an ExoEarth-Detecting Coronagraphic Mission

The yield of Earth-like planets will likely be a primary science metric for future space-based missions that will drive telescope aperture size. Maximizing the exoEarth candidate yield is therefore critical to minimizing the required aperture. Here we describe a method for exoEarth candidate yield maximization that simultaneously optimizes, for the first time, the targets chosen for observation, the number of visits to each target, the delay time between visits, and the exposure time of every observation. This code calculates both the detection time and multiwavelength spectral characterization time required for planets. We also refine the astrophysical assumptions used as inputs to these calculations, relying on published estimates of planetary occurrence rates as well as theoretical and observational constraints on terrestrial planet sizes and classical habitable zones. Given these astrophysical assumptions, optimistic telescope and instrument assumptions, and our new completeness code that produces the highest yields to date, we suggest lower limits on the aperture size required to detect and characterize a statistically motivated sample of exoEarths.
Importance Sampling for Thermally Induced Switching and Non-Switching Probabilities in Spin-Torque Magnetic Nanodevices

Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory is a potentially transformative technology in the non-volatile memory market. Its viability depends, in part, on one’s ability to predictably induce or prevent switching; however, thermal fluctuations cause small but important errors in both the writing and reading processes. Computing these very small probabilities for magnetic nanodevices using naive MC simulations is essentially impossible due to their slow statistical convergence, but variance reduction techniques can offer an effective way to improve their efficiency. Here, we provide an illustration of how importance sampling can be efficiently used to estimate low read and write soft error rates of macrospin and coupled-spin systems.
ORBITAL AND MASS RATIO EVOLUTION OF PROTOBINARIES DRIVEN BY MAGNETIC BRAKING

The majority of stars reside in multiple systems, especially binaries. The formation and early evolution of binaries is a longstanding problem in star formation that is not yet fully understood. In particular, how the magnetic field observed in star-forming cores shapes the binary characteristics remains relatively unexplored. We demonstrate numerically, using an MHD version of the ENZO AMR hydro code, that a magnetic field of the observed strength can drastically change two of the basic quantities that characterize a binary system: the orbital separation and mass ratio of the two components. Our calculations focus on the protostellar mass accretion phase, after a pair of stellar seeds have already formed. We find that in dense cores magnetized to a realistic level, the angular momentum of the material accreted by the protobinary is greatly reduced by magnetic braking. Accretion of strongly braked material shrinks the protobinary separation by a large factor compared to the non-magnetic case. The magnetic braking also changes the evolution of the mass ratio of unequal-mass protobinaries by producing material of low specific angular momentum that accretes preferentially onto the more massive primary star rather than the secondary. This is in contrast with the preferential mass accretion onto the secondary previously found numerically for protobinaries accreting from an unmagnetized envelope, which tends to drive the mass ratio toward unity. In addition, the magnetic field greatly modifies the morphology and dynamics of the protobinary accretion flow. It suppresses the traditional circumstellar and circumbinary disks that feed the protobinary in the non-magnetic case; the binary is fed instead by a fast collapsing pseudodisk whose rotation is strongly braked. The magnetic braking-driven inward migration of binaries from their birth locations may be constrained by high-resolution observations of the orbital distribution of deeply embedded protobinaries, especially with ALMA and JVLA.
CRACKING THE LIU KEY EXCHANGE PROTOCOL IN ITS MOST SECURE STATE WITH LORENTZIAN SPECTRA

We have found a security risk in the Liu's cypher based on random signals and feedback, when it utilizes a large class of noises for communication in its most secure state, the steady state. For the vulnerability to exist, the noise must have a spectrum which can be transformed to white-like noise by linear filtering. For the cracking, we utilize the natural properties of power density spectra and autocorrelation functions. We introduce and demonstrate the method for Lorentzian spectra. Some of the implications of the results concern the transient operation during changing bits, where the modulation products of noise cannot be band-limited therefore the cypher is vulnerable. We propose the application of line filters to provide a proper spectral shape and to improve the security.
The Origin of Non-Maxwellian Solar Wind Electron Velocity Distribution Function: Connection to Nanoflares in the Solar Corona

The formation of the observed core-halo feature in the solar wind electron velocity distribution function is a long-time puzzle. In this Letter, based on the current knowledge of nanoflares, we show that the nanoflare-accelerated electron beams are likely to trigger a strong electron two-stream instability that generates kinetic Alfven wave and whistler wave turbulence, as we demonstrated in a previous paper. We further show that the core-halo feature produced during the origin of kinetic turbulence is likely to originate in the inner corona and can be preserved as the solar wind escapes to space along open field lines. We formulate a set of equations to describe the heating processes observed in the simulation and show that the core-halo temperature ratio of the solar wind is insensitive to the initial conditions in the corona and is related to the core-halo density ratio of the solar wind and to the quasi-saturation property of the two-stream instability at the time when the exponential decay ends. This relation can be extended to the more general core-halo-strahl feature in the solar wind. The temperature ratio between the core and hot components is nearly independent of the heliospheric distance to the Sun. We show that the core-halo relative drift previously reported is a relic of the fully saturated two-stream instability. Our theoretical results are consistent with the observations while new tests for this model are provided.
Inherent limits on optimization and discovery in physical systems

Abstract Topological mapping of a large physical system on a graph, and its decomposition using universal measures are proposed. We find inherent limits to the potential for optimization of a given system and its approximate representations by motifs, and the ability to reconstruct the full system given approximate representations. The approximate representation of the system most suited for optimization may be different from that which most accurately describes the full system.
On splitting rank of non-compact-type symmetric spaces and bounded cohomology

Let X = G/K be a higher rank symmetric space of non-compact type where G = Isom0(X). We define the splitting rank of X, denoted by srk(X), to be the maximal dimension of a totally geodesic submanif...
Taut branched surfaces from veering triangulations

Let M be a closed hyperbolic 3 –manifold with a fibered face σ of the unit ball of the Thurston norm on H 2 ( M ) . If M satisfies a certain condition related to Agol’s veering triangulations, we construct a taut branched surface in M spanning σ . This partially answers a 1986 question of Oertel, and extends an earlier partial answer due to Mosher.
Satellites of Legendrian knots and representations of the Chekanov–Eliashberg algebra

We develop a close relation between satellites of Legendrian knots in ℝ3 and the Chekanov–Eliashberg differential graded algebra of the knot. In particular, we generalize the well-known correspondence between rulings of a Legendrian knot in ℝ3 and augmentations of its DGA by showing that the DGA has finite-dimensional representations if and only if there exist certain rulings of satellites of the knot. We derive several consequences of this result, notably that the question of existence of ungraded finite-dimensional representations for the DGA of a Legendrian knot depends only on the topological type and Thurston–Bennequin number of the knot.
A Sticky HDP-HMM With Application to Speaker Diarization

We consider the problem of speaker diarization, the problem of segmenting an audio recording of a meeting into temporal segments corresponding to individual speakers. The problem is rendered particularly difficult by the fact that we are not allowed to assume knowledge of the number of people participating in the meeting. To address this problem, we take a Bayesian nonparametric approach to speaker diarization that builds on the hierarchical Dirichlet process hidden Markov model (HDP-HMM) of Teh et al. [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 101 (2006) 1566–1581]. Although the basic HDP-HMM tends to over-segment the audio data—creating redundant states and rapidly switching among them—we describe an augmented HDP-HMM that provides effective control over the switching rate. We also show that this augmentation makes it possible to treat emission distributions nonparametrically. To scale the resulting architecture to realistic diarization problems, we develop a sampling algorithm that employs a truncated approximation of the Dirichlet process to jointly resample the full state sequence, greatly improving mixing rates. Working with a benchmark NIST data set, we show that our Bayesian nonparametric architecture yields state-of-the-art speaker diarization results.
On the Boundedness of Anti-Canonical Volumes of Singular Fano 3-Folds in Characteristic p > 5

In this article we prove the following version of the Weak-BAB conjecture for $3$-folds in char $p>5$: Fix a DCC set $I\subset [0, 1)$ and an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>5$. Let $\mathfrak{D}$ be a collection of klt pairs $(X, \Delta)$ satisfying the following properties: (1) $X$ is a projective $3$-fold, (2) $\Delta$ is an $\mathbb{R}$-divisor with coefficients in $I$, (3) $K_X+\Delta\equiv 0$, and (4) $-K_X$ is ample. Then the set $\{\mbox{vol}_X(-K_X) \ | \ (X, \Delta)\in\mathfrak{D}\mbox{ for some }\Delta\}$ is bounded from above.
Fast radio bursts — A brief review: Some questions, fewer answers

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond bursts of radio radiation at frequencies of about 1 GHz, recently discovered in pulsar surveys. They have not yet been definitively identified with any other astronomical object or phenomenon. The bursts are strongly dispersed, indicating passage through a high column density of low density plasma. The most economical interpretation is that this is the intergalactic medium, indicating that FRB are at “cosmological” distances with redshifts in the range 0.3–1.3. Their inferred brightness temperatures are as high as 1037 K, implying coherent emission by “bunched” charges, as in radio pulsars. I review the astronomical sites, objects and emission processes that have been proposed as the origin of FRB, with particular attention to soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and giant pulsar pulses.
A note on the diamond operator

We show that if $1 \leq_W F$ and $F \star F \leq_W F$, then $F^\diamond \leq_W F$, where $\star$ and $\diamond$ are the following operations in the Weihrauch lattice: $\star$ is the compositional product, which allows the use of two principles in sequence, while the diamond operator $\diamond$ allows an arbitrary but finite number of uses of the given principle in sequence. This answers a question of Pauly.
Helium Variation across Two Solar Cycles Reveals a Speed-dependent Phase Lag

We study the relationship between solar wind helium to hydrogen abundance ratio ($A_\mathrm{He}$), solar wind speed ($v_\mathrm{SW}$), and sunspot number (SSN) over solar cycles 23 and 24. This is the first full 22-year Hale cycle measured with the Wind spacecraft covering a full cycle of the solar dynamo with two polarity reversals. While previous studies have established a strong correlation between $A_\mathrm{He}$ and SSN, we show that the phase delay between $A_\mathrm{He}$ and SSN is a monotonic increasing function of $v_\mathrm{SW}$. Correcting for this lag, $A_\mathrm{He}$ returns to the same value at a given SSN over all rising and falling phases and across solar wind speeds. We infer that this speed-dependent lag is a consequence of the mechanism that depletes slow wind $A_\mathrm{He}$ from its fast wind value during solar wind formation.
Comodule algebras and 2-cocycles over the (Braided) Drinfeld double

We show that for dually paired bialgebras, every comodule algebra over one of the paired bialgebras gives a comodule algebra over their Drinfeld double via a crossed product construction. These con...
Loop dynamics and AdS/CFT correspondence

Abstract We consider the strong coupling limit of conformal gauge theories in 4 dimensions. The action of the loop operator on the minimal area in the AdS space is analyzed, and the Schwinger–Dyson equations of gauge theory are checked. The general approach to the loop dynamics developed here goes beyond the special case of conformal theories.
Properties of Perturbative Solutions of Unilateral Matrix Equations

A left-unilateral matrix equation is an algebraic equation of the form a 0+a 1 x+a 2 x 2+·+a n x n =0 where the coefficients a r and the unknown x are square matrices of the same order and all coefficients are on the left (similarly for a right-unilateral equation). Recently certain perturbative solutions of unilateral equations and their properties have been discussed. We present a unified approach based on the generalized Bezout theorem for matrix polynomials. Two equations discussed in the literature, their perturbative solutions and the relation between them are described. More abstractly, the coefficients and the unknown can be taken as elements of an associative, but possibly noncommutative, algebra.
Unitary matrix model of a chiral [SU(N)]K gauge theory

We build a matrix model of a chiral [SU(N)]K gauge theory (SQCD5 deconstructed down to 4D) using random unitary matrices to model chiral bifundamental fields (N,) (without (,N)). We verify the duality by matching the loop equation of the matrix model to the anomaly equations of the gauge theory. Then we evaluate the matrix model's free energy and use it to derive the effective superpotential for the gaugino condensates.
Wave function methods for canonical ensemble thermal averages in correlated many-fermion systems

We present a wave function representation for the canonical ensemble thermal density matrix by projecting the thermofield double state against the desired number of particles. The resulting canonical thermal state obeys an imaginary-time evolution equation. Starting with the mean-field approximation, where the canonical thermal state becomes an antisymmetrized geminal power (AGP) wave function, we explore two different schemes to add correlation: by number-projecting a correlated grand-canonical thermal state and by adding correlation to the number-projected mean-field state. As benchmark examples, we use number-projected configuration interaction and an AGP-based perturbation theory to study the hydrogen molecule in a minimal basis and the six-site Hubbard model.
Follow-up Observations of the Neptune Mass Transiting Extrasolar Planet HAT-P-11b

We have confirmed the existence of the transiting super Neptune extrasolar planet HAT-P-11b. On May 1, 2009 UT the transit of HAT-P-11b was detected at the University of Arizona’s 1.55m Kuiper Telescope with 1.7 millimag rms accuracy. We find a central transit time of Tc = 2454952.92534 ± 0.00060 BJD; this transit occurred 80 ± 73 seconds sooner than previous measurements (71 orbits in the past) would have predicted. Hence, our transit timing rules out the presence of any large (> 200s) deviations from the ephemeris of Bakos et al. (2009). We obtain a slightly more accurate period of P = 4.8878045±0.0000043 days. We measure a slightly larger planetary radius of Rp = 0.452 ± 0.020RJ (5.07 ± 0.22R⊕) compared to Bakos and co-workers’ value of 0.422 ± 0.014RJ (4.73 ± 0.16R⊕). Our values confirm that HAT-P-11b is very similar to GJ 436b (the only other known transiting super Neptune) in radius and other bulk properties.
The orientability problem in open Gromov–Witten theory

We give an explicit formula for the holonomy of the orientation bundle of a family of real Cauchy‐Riemann operators. A special case of this formula resolves the orientability question for spaces of maps from Riemann surfaces with Lagrangian boundary condition. As a corollary, we show that the local system of orientations on the moduli space of J‐holomorphic maps from a bordered Riemann surface to a symplectic manifold is isomorphic to the pullback of a local system defined on the product of the Lagrangian and its free loop space. As another corollary, we show that certain natural bundles over these moduli spaces have the same local systems of orientations as the moduli spaces themselves (this is a prerequisite for integrating the Euler classes of these bundles). We will apply these conclusions in future papers to construct and compute open Gromov‐Witten invariants in a number of settings. 53D45, 57R17; 14N35
Inclusive gluon production in the QCD Reggeon field theory: Pomeron loops included

We continue the study of hadronic scattering amplitudes at high energy by systematically including nonlinear effects of finite partonic density in hadronic wave function as well as the effects of multiple rescatterings in the scattering process. In this paper we derive expressions for a single inclusive gluon production amplitude and multigluon inclusive production amplitudes when the rapidities of all observed gluons are not very different. We show that at leading order these observables exhibit a semiclassical structure. Beyond the semiclassical result, we find that the gluon emission has some characteristic features different from the JIMWLK and KLWMIJ limits in that the gluons are not emitted independently in rapidity space, but have a correlated component with correlation length (in rapidity space) of order one. We demonstrate the consistency between this feature of the multigluon observables and the Hamiltonian of the QCD Reggeon Field Theory (HRFT) derived in the companion paper [1]. We also show that the evolution of these observables with total rapidity of the process is generated by HRFT of [1]. We discuss whether this evolution is equivalent to evolution with HJIMWLK as far as this set of observables is concerned.
Nitrogen Starvation and Stationary Phase Lipophagy Have Distinct Molecular Mechanisms

In yeast, the selective autophagy of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) or lipophagy can be induced by either nitrogen (N) starvation or carbon limitation (e.g., in the stationary (S) phase). We developed the yeast, Komagataella phaffii (formerly Pichia pastoris), as a new lipophagy model and compared the N-starvation and S-phase lipophagy in over 30 autophagy-related mutants using the Erg6-GFP processing assay. Surprisingly, two lipophagy pathways had hardly overlapping stringent molecular requirements. While the N-starvation lipophagy strictly depended on the core autophagic machinery (Atg1-Atg9, Atg18, and Vps15), vacuole fusion machinery (Vam7 and Ypt7), and vacuolar proteolysis (proteinases A and B), only Atg6 and proteinases A and B were essential for the S-phase lipophagy. The rest of the proteins were only partially required in the S-phase. Moreover, we isolated the prl1 (for the positive regulator of lipophagy 1) mutant affected in the S-phase lipophagy, but not N-starvation lipophagy. The prl1 defect was at a stage of delivery of the LDs from the cytoplasm to the vacuole, further supporting the mechanistically different nature of the two lipophagy pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that N-starvation and S-phase lipophagy have distinct molecular mechanisms.
End-to-end simulation of the SCALES integral field spectrograph

We present end-to-end simulations of SCALES, the third generation thermal-infrared diffraction limited imager and low/med-resolution integral field spectrograph (IFS) being designed for Keck. The 2-5 micron sensitivity of SCALES enables detection and characterization of a wide variety of exoplanets, including exoplanets detected through long-baseline astrometry, radial-velocity planets on wide orbits, accreting protoplanets in nearby starforming regions, and reflected-light planets around the nearest stars. The simulation goal is to generate high-fidelity mock data to assess the scientific capabilities of the SCALES instrument at current and future design stages. The simulation processes arbitrary-resolution input intensity fields with a proposed observation pattern into an entire mock dataset of raw detector read-out lenslet-based IFS frames with calibrations and metadata, which are then reduced by the IFS data reduction pipeline to be analyzed by the user.
Recursed Is Not Recursive: A Jarring Result

Recursed is a 2D puzzle platform video game featuring "treasure chests" that, when jumped into, instantiate a room that can later be exited (similar to function calls), optionally generating a "jar" that returns back to that room (similar to continuations). We prove that Recursed is RE-complete and thus undecidable (not recursive) by a reduction from the Post Correspondence Problem. Our reduction is "practical": the reduction from PCP results in fully playable levels that abide by all constraints governing levels (including the 15 × 20 room size) designed for the main game. Our reduction is also "efficient": a Turing machine can be simulated by a Recursed level whose size is linear in the encoding size of the Turing machine and whose solution length is polynomial in the running time of the Turing machine.
Applying Depth-Sensing to Automated Surgical Manipulation with a da Vinci Robot

Recent advances in depth-sensing have significantly increased accuracy, resolution, and frame rate, as shown in the 1920x1200 resolution and 13 frames per second Zivid RGBD camera. In this study, we explore the potential of depth sensing for efficient and reliable automation of surgical subtasks. We consider a monochrome (all red) version of the peg transfer task from the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery training suite implemented with the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK). We use calibration techniques that allow the imprecise, cable-driven da Vinci to reduce error from 4–5mm to 1–2mm in the task space. We report experimental results for a handover-free version of the peg transfer task, performing 20 and 5 physical episodes with single- and bilateral-arm setups, respectively. Results over 236 and 49 total block transfer attempts for the single- and bilateral-arm peg transfer cases suggest that reliability can be attained with 86.9% and 78.0% for each individual block, with respective block transfer speeds of 10.02 and 5.72 seconds. Supplementary material is available at https://sites.google.com/view/peg-transfer.
Can an Engagement Platform Persuade Students to Stay? Applying Behavioral Models for Retention

This paper presents the effects of a technology-based engagement platform, referred to as IMPRES (Interactive Mobile Platform for Retaining and Engaging Students). IMPRES is a mobile application, b...
Emerging Assumptions About Organization Design, Knowledge And Action

Participants in the Organizational Design Community’s 2013 Annual Conference faced the challenge of “making organization design knowledge actionable.” This essay summarizes the opinions and insights participants shared during the conference. I reflect on these ideas, connect them to recent scholarly thinking about organization design, and conclude that seeking to make design knowledge actionable is nudging the community away from an assumption set based upon linearity and equilibrium, and toward a new set of assumptions based on emergence, self-organization, and non-linearity.
Policy externalities: How US antidumping affects Japanese exports to the EU

Abstract This paper investigates the international externalities associated with US use of antidumping (AD) measures by examining the relationship between US AD duties (ADDs) and Japanese exports to the US and EU over the 1992–2001 period. We first examine the trade destruction and trade diversion associated with Japanese exports to the US market resulting from US AD duties. We then investigate whether US ADDs impose externalities on a non-targeted third country by examining the effect of these US policies on Japanese exports to the EU. We document sizable trade deflection and trade depression in the EU market resulting from US ADDs. Model estimates indicate that, on average, roughly one quarter to one third of the value of Japanese exports to the US thought to be destroyed by a US ADD is actually deflected to the EU in the form of a contemporaneous increase in exports. Finally, we present evidence that US ADDs impose terms-of-trade externalities on non-targeted markets. We find that US duties on Japanese exports are associated with substantially lower Japanese export prices in the EU market.
The Interactive Effects of Centralization on the Relationship Between Justice and Satisfaction

The current study examines the effects of centralization on the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction using referent cognitions theory as a theoretical foundation. The sample consists of 489 members of the National Association of Purchasing Managers. Results indicate that the relationships between procedural, distributive, and interactional justice and job satisfaction are stronger under conditions of high centralization. Directions for future research and implications for managers are discussed.
The information content of annual earnings announcements and mandatory adoption of IFRS

Abstract This study examines whether the information content of earnings announcements – abnormal return volatility and abnormal trading volume – increases in countries following mandatory IFRS adoption, and conditions and mechanisms through which increases occur. Findings suggest information content increased in 16 countries that mandated adoption of IFRS relative to 11 that maintained domestic accounting standards, although the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption depends on the strength of legal enforcement in the adopting country. Utilizing a path analysis methodology, we find evidence of three mechanisms through which IFRS adoption increases information content: reducing reporting lag, increasing analyst following, and increasing foreign investment.
Confronting Scientific Reports Under Crawford v. Washington

In People v. Rawlins and People v. Meekins, the New York Court of Appeals addressed, for the first time, the admissibility of scientific reports prepared by non-testifying forensic experts for use by the prosecution in a criminal trial under the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause. Rawlins involved a fingerprint comparison report prepared by a police forensic expert, and Meekins involved a DNA profile prepared by a technician in a private laboratory. The constitutional issue in both cases was whether these reports were “testimonial” statements within the meaning of the Confrontation Clause, as interpreted by the Supreme Court in Crawford v. Washington, and should not have been admitted into evidence unless the defendants had an opportunity to cross-examine the experts who prepared the reports.
Some Skeptical Comments on Beth Simmons's Mobilizing for Human Rights

I. THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819 R A. Why Do States Enter Human Rights Treaties? . . . 819 R B. Why Do States Comply with Human Rights Treaties? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 R II. EMPIRICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823 R A. What Is Compliance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 R B. What Is the Dependent Variable? What Do the Coefficients Tell Us? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 R C. Selection Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826 R D. Reverse Causation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 R E. Omitted Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 R F. Arbitrary Division of the Population . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 R III. NORMATIVE IMPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 R
Strategic revenue recognition to achieve earnings benchmarks

Abstract I examine whether managers use discretion in revenue recognition to avoid three earnings benchmarks. I find that managers use discretion in both accrued revenue (i.e., accounts receivable) and deferred revenue (i.e., advances from customers) to avoid negative earnings surprises, but find little evidence that discretion is used to avoid losses or earnings decreases. For a common sample of firms with both deferred revenue and accounts receivable, I find evidence that managers do not prefer to exercise discretion in either account. However, further tests show that managers preferred to use discretion in deferred revenue before the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 went into effect, consistent with them choosing to manage an account with the lowest real costs to the firm (i.e., future cash consequences). My results suggest that the revenue recognition joint project undertaken by the FASB and IASB to reduce managerial estimation in revenue recognition may have the unintended consequence of leading to greater real costs imposed on shareholders as firms are likely to use even greater discretion in accounts receivable.
Reputational Costs Beyond Treaty Exclusion: International Law Violations As Security Threat Focal Points

Given the rarity of direct sanctions for violations of international law, the rationality of compliance often hinges on a vague estimation of “reputational costs.” Rationalist international law scholars currently calculate noncompliance reputational costs as the price a state pays when excluded from future treaties due to its reputation as an unreliable treaty partner. From such limited reputational costs, it might follow that international law is powerless in the high stakes security context. This Article, however, proposes a new form of noncompliance reputational costs. Following World War II, states signaled restraint by binding themselves to international security institutions. But violations of security-related commitments signal a threatening lack of restraint and have historically led to strategic reputational costs: (1) adverse alliance formation; (2) rivals’ increased armament; or (3) the denial of informal cooperation. In short, noncompliance reputational costs are not always limited to foregone treaty opportunities but also include costs incurred when states balance against the violator in reaction to what this Article terms “security threat focal points.” The reputational costs for violating international law are greater than previously estimated, strengthening the argument for rational compliance.
Ambidexterity as a dynamic capability: Resolving the innovator's dilemma

Abstract How do organizations survive in the face of change? Underlying this question is a rich debate about whether organizations can adapt—and if so how. One perspective, organizational ecology, presents evidence suggesting that most organizations are largely inert and ultimately fail. A second perspective argues that some firms do learn and adapt to shifting environmental contexts. Recently, this latter view has coalesced around two themes. The first, based on research in strategy suggests that dynamic capabilities, the ability of a firm to reconfigure assets and existing capabilities, explains long-term competitive advantage. The second, based on organizational design, argues that ambidexterity, the ability of a firm to simultaneously explore and exploit, enables a firm to adapt over time. In this paper, we review and integrate these comparatively new research streams and identify a set of propositions that suggest how ambidexterity acts as a dynamic capability. We suggest that efficiency and innovation need not be strategic tradeoffs and highlight the substantive role of senior teams in building dynamic capabilities.