cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A high-pressure phase with a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure in the PbSe–PbBr2 system

Abstract We report Pb3Se2Br2, a lead chalcogenide halide that has not been described in the ambient pressure PbSe–PbBr2 system, synthesized using a high-pressure solid-state method at 4 GPa and 700 °C. Its crystal structure is determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction to be body centered cubic and non-centrosymmetric (Th3P4 structure type, space group I 4 ‾ 3d, #220) with a = 9.3200(4) A at room temperature and ambient pressure, where it appears to be a metastable phase. The Pb atoms are coordinated by eight anions in a dodecahedron, with Se and Br occupying the same crystallographic site in a disordered 1:1 ratio to yield a normal valence compound. Pb3Se2Br2 is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 1.48 eV, determined by diffuse reflectance measurements. The indirect band gap is theoretically supported by density functional theory calculations.
Hyperspectral remote sensing to detect leafminer-induced stress in bok choy and spinach according to fertilizer regime and timing.

Author(s): Nguyen, Hoang Dd; Nansen, Christian | Abstract: BACKGROUND:Detection and diagnosis of emerging arthropod outbreaks in horticultural glasshouse crops, such as bok choy and spinach, is both important and challenging. A major challenge is to accurately detect and diagnose arthropod outbreaks in growing crops (changes in canopy size, structure, and composition), and when crops are grown under three fertilization regimes. Day-time remote sensing inside glasshouses is highly sensitive to inconsistent lighting, spectral scattering, and shadows casted by glasshouse structures. To avoid these issues, a unique feature of this study was that hyperspectral remote sensing data were acquired after sunset with an active light source. As part of this study, we describe a comprehensive approach to performance assessment of classification algorithms based on hyperspectral remote sensing data. RESULTS:Based on average hyperspectral remote sensing profiles from individual crop plants, none of the 31 individual spectral bands showed consistent significant response to leafminer infestation and non-significant response to fertilizer regime. Multi-band classification algorithms were subjected to a comprehensive performance assessment to quantify risks of model over-fitting and low repeatability of classification algorithms. The performance assessment of classification algorithms addresses the important 'bias-variance trade-off'. Truly independent validation (training and validation data sets being separated over time) revealed that leafminer infestation could be detected with g99% accuracy in both bok choy and spinach. CONCLUSION:We conclude that detailed hyperspectral profiles (not single spectral bands) can accurately detect and diagnose leafminer infestation over time and across fertilizer regimes. Hyperspectral remote sensing data acquisition at night with an active light source has the potential to enable arthropod infestations in glasshouse-grown crops, such as, bok choy and spinach. In addition, we conclude that effective use and deployment of hyperspectral remote sensing requires thorough performance assessments of classification algorithms, and we propose an analytical performance method to address this important matter. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley a Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
C/STOL flight in wind disturbed by the presence of buildings

This paper investigates the behavior of winds about block geometries characteristic of building shapes and of the flight performance of aircraft with characteristics of a DC-8 and a DHC-6 as they fly through the wind fields. The two-dimensional equations of motion for the aircraft are written to include variable winds and wind shear components. The paper also presents a discussion of the influence of those terms in the equations of motion which explicitly contain effects due to wind shear. Also included is a study of the aircrafts' flight paths over the obstacles with both a fixed stick and an automatic landing system.
Second-order nonlinear optical and linear ultraviolet-visible absorption properties of the type-II multiferroic candidates RbFe ( A O 4 ) 2 ( A = Mo , Se , S )

Motivated by the search for type-II multiferroics, we present a comprehensive optical study of a complex oxide family of type-II multiferroic candidates: $\mathrm{RbFe}{(\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}, \mathrm{RbFe}{(\mathrm{Se}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$, and $\mathrm{RbFe}{(\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$. We employ rotational-anisotropy second harmonic generation spectroscopy (RA SHG), a technique sensitive to point symmetries, to address discrepancies in literature-assigned point/space groups and to identify the correct crystal structures. At room temperature we find that our RA SHG patterns rotate away from the crystal axes in $\mathrm{RbFe}{(A{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$ ($A=\mathrm{Se},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{S}$), which identifies the lack of mirror symmetry and in-plane two-fold rotational symmetry. Also, the SHG efficiency of $\mathrm{RbFe}{(\mathrm{Se}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$ is two orders of magnitude stronger than $\mathrm{RbFe}{(A{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$ ($A=\mathrm{Mo},\mathrm{S}$), which suggests broken inversion symmetry. Additionally, we present temperature-dependent linear optical characterizations near the band edge of this family of materials using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. Included is experimental evidence of the band gap energy and band gap transition type for this family. Subband gap absorption is also presented, which reveals prominent optical transitions, some with an unusual central energy temperature dependence. Furthermore, we find that by substituting the $A$ site in $\mathrm{RbFe}{(A{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{2}$ ($A=\mathrm{Mo},\mathrm{Se},\mathrm{S}$), the aforementioned transitions are spectrally tunable. Finally, we discuss the potential origin and impact of these tunable transitions.
End-of-Life Orders, Resource Utilization, and Costs Among Injured Older Adults Requiring Emergency Services.

BACKGROUND Portable Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) are increasingly utilized to assist patients approaching the end of life in documenting goals of care. We evaluated the association of POLST, resource utilization, and costs to 1 year among injured older adults requiring emergency services. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort of injured older adults ≥65 years with continuous Medicare fee-for-service coverage transported by emergency medical services (EMS) in 2011 across 4 counties in Oregon. Data sources included EMS, Medicare claims, vital statistics, and state POLST, inpatient and trauma registries. Outcomes included hospital admission, receipt of aggressive medical interventions, costs, and hospice use. We matched patients on patient characteristics and comorbidities to control for bias. RESULTS We included 2116 patients of which 484 (22.9%) had a POLST form prior to 911 contact. Of POLST patients, 136 (28.1%) had orders for full treatment, 194 (40.1%) for limited interventions, and 154 (31.8%) for comfort measures. There were no significant associations for care during the index event. However, in the year after the index event, patients with care limitations had higher adjusted hospice use (limited interventions OR 1.7 [95% CI: 1.2-2.6]; comfort OR, 2.0 [95% CI: 1.3-3.0]) and lower adjusted post-discharge costs (no POLST, $32,399 [95% CI: 30,041-34,756]; limited interventions, $18,729 [95% CI: 12,913-24,545]; and comfort $15,593 [95% CI: 12,091-19,095]). There were no significant associations for all other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Care limitations specified in POLST forms among injured older adults transported by EMS are associated with increased use of hospice and decreased costs to 1 year.
Stress in the Age of COVID-19

Edited by Jacquelyn H. Flaskerud, RN, PhD, FAAN School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA Janna Lesser, RN, PhD, FAAN School of Nursing, University of Texas Health S...
Optimal monetary policy with the cost channel and monopolistically-competitive banks

Abstract This paper studies the optimal nominal policy interest rate in a model with the cost channel and imperfect competition in the banking sector. Due to this market power, the interest rate on deposits is relatively low; in particular it is lower than the policy interest rate. This, in turn, leads to a suboptimal level of deposits and, as a result, to a low level of intermediation. Deviations from the Friedman Rule are optimal in this setup regardless of the assumption about price rigidity; since households can hold their assets in the form of cash or deposits, taxing money, which is an imperfect substitute for deposits, is optimal in order to increase the level of deposits and encourage intermediation. The main results of the paper are robust to the introduction of market power in the loan market as well as stickiness in both the deposit and the loan markets.
Quick and easy purification of murine untouched naive B cells or germinal center B cells by MACS.

Summary Humoral immune responses depend on the generation of high-affinity antigen-specific antibodies. Germinal center (GC) B cells are the cornerstone of this response in peripheral lymphoid organs. High purities of GC B cells, and also naive B cells, are required for accurate analysis in downstream assays to yield essential knowledge on immunity. This protocol lays out quick and easy steps to purify GC B cells from spleens of immunized mice or B cells from naive animals by negative selection using MACS. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ramezani-Rad et al. (2020) .
Quantum gravity and quantum probability

We argue that in quantum gravity there is no Born rule. The quantum-gravity regime, described by a non-normalisable Wheeler-DeWitt wave functional $\Psi$, must be in quantum nonequilibrium with a probability distribution $P\neq\left\vert \Psi\right\vert ^{2}$ (initially and always). A Born rule can emerge only in the semiclassical regime of quantum systems on a classical spacetime background, with normalisable Schrodinger wave functions $\psi$. Conditioning on the underlying quantum-gravitational ensemble yields a nonequilibrium distribution $\rho\neq\left\vert \psi\right\vert ^{2}$ at the beginning of the semiclassical regime, with quantum relaxation $\rho\rightarrow\left\vert \psi\right\vert ^{2}$ taking place only afterwards. Quantum gravity naturally creates an early nonequilibrium universe. We also show how small corrections to the Schrodinger equation yield an intermediate regime in which the Born rule is unstable: an initial distribution $\rho=\left\vert \psi\right\vert ^{2}$ can evolve to a final distribution $\rho\neq\left\vert \psi\right\vert ^{2}$. These results arise naturally in the de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave formulation of quantum gravity. We show that quantum instability during inflation generates a large-scale deficit $\sim1/k^{3}$ in the primordial power spectrum at wavenumber $k$, though the effect is too small to observe. Similarly we find an unobservably large timescale for quantum instability in a radiation-dominated universe. Quantum instability may be important in black-hole evaporation, with a final burst of Hawking radiation that violates the Born rule. Deviations from the Born rule can also be generated for atomic systems in the gravitational field of the earth, though the effects are unlikely to be observable. The most promising scenario for the detection of Born-rule violations appears to be in radiation from exploding primordial black holes.
Quantum computing: a scalable, systems approach

Quantum computing offers the potential for compelling performance improvement on important high performance computing applications such as the simulation of materials and chemical systems. In constructing a full-stack quantum computing system, there are many interdisciplinary research questions that cross the boundaries between physics, engineering and computer architecture. This talk will describe the promise and challenges of bringing quantum computing out of the lab and into a commercial full computer system and will give an overview of Intel's quantum computing research and system development.
Feature filter for estimating central mean subspace and its sparse solution

Abstract Sufficient dimension reduction, replacing the original predictors with a few linear combinations while keeping all the regression information, has been widely studied. A key goal is to find the central mean subspace, the intersection of all subspaces that provide such a reduction. To this end, a new sufficient dimension reduction method is proposed, with two estimation procedures, through a novel approach of feature filter, applicable to both univariate and multivariate responses. Asymptotic results are established. Estimation methods to determine the structural dimension, to obtain sparse estimator and to deal with large p small n data are provided. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by simulations and a real data example.
Clinical efficacy and psychological mechanisms of an app-based digital therapeutic for generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Current treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often yield suboptimal outcomes, partly because of insufficient targeting of underlying psychological mechanisms (eg, avoidance reinforcement learning). Mindfulness training (MT) has shown efficacy for anxiety; yet, widespread adoption has been limited, partly because of the difficulty in scaling in-person-based delivery. Digital therapeutics are emerging as potentially viable treatments; however, very few have been empirically validated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to test the efficacy and mechanism of an app-delivered MT that was designed to target a potential mechanism of anxiety (reinforcement learning), based on which previous studies have shown concern regarding feedback and the perpetuation of anxiety through negative reinforcement. METHODS Individuals with GAD were recruited using social media advertisements and randomized during an in-person visit to receive treatment as usual (n=33) or treatment as usual+app-delivered MT (Unwinding Anxiety; n=32). The latter was composed of 30 modules to be completed over a 2-month period. Associated changes in outcomes were assessed using self-report questionnaires 1 and 2 months after treatment initiation. RESULTS We randomized 65 participants in this study, and a modified intent-to-treat approach was used for analysis. The median number of modules completed by the MT group was 25.5 (IQR 17) out of 30; 46% (13/28) of the participants completed the program. In addition, the MT group demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety (GAD-7) compared with the control group at 2 months (67% vs 14%; median change in GAD-7: -8.5 [IQR 6.5] vs -1.0 [IQR 5.0]; P<.001; 95% CI 6-10). Increases in mindfulness at 1 month (nonreactivity subscale) mediated decreases in worry at 2 months (Penn State Worry Questionnaire; P=.02) and decreases in worry at 1 month mediated reductions in anxiety at 2 months (P=.03). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report on the efficacy and mechanism of an app-delivered MT for GAD. These findings demonstrate the clinical efficacy of MT as a digital therapeutic for individuals with anxiety (number needed to treat=1.6). These results also link recent advances in our mechanistic understanding of anxiety with treatment development, showing that app-delivered MT targets key reinforcement learning pathways, resulting in tangible, clinically meaningful reductions in worry and anxiety. Evidence-based, mechanistically targeted digital therapeutics have the potential to improve health at a population level at a low cost. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03683472; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03683472.
Reversal of Fortune: Dividend Policy and the Disappearance of Sustained Earnings Growth

Managers of more than two-thirds of 145 NYSE firms responded to stalled earnings growth by increasing dividends, with most increases at least as large as the dividend increase in the peak earnings year. These dividend increases are difficult to reconcile with signalling models since (i) most firms' prior sustained earnings growth evaporated, and (ii) there is essentially no relation between favorable dividend signals and future earnings. The stock market recognized the reduced growth earnings, with average abnormal returns of - 17.65 percent in the year of the initial earnings decline and -41.40 percent cumulated over that and the next three years. We find some evidence that sample firms' dividend policies reflect behavioral biases that lead managers to send overly optimistic signals.
Separation of Nutrient Sources within the Watershed

Chemistry and discharge measurements were taken at a number of points along each one of the three major rivers (Figure 3). Each of the river drainages was thus divided into a number of watershed segments. If the land use within any given segment is known quantitatively, the equations that have been developed in the previous chapter for nutrient yield associated with various land uses should provide a prediction of the nutrient yield from that segment. Three important factors may cause deviations between the observed and predicted nutrient yields from any given watershed segment: random estimation errors, unexpected sources, and storage.
Soil Physics and Soil Physical Characteristics

Soil physics defines, measures, and predicts the physical properties and behavior of the soil, both in its natural state and under the influence of human activities. Soil physics deals specifically with the state and movement of matter, and with the fluxes and transformations of energy in the soil. Practical applications of soil physics aim at the proper management of the soil by means of cultivation, irrigation, drainage, aeration, improvement of soil structure, control of infiltration and evaporation, regulation of soil temperature, and prevention of erosion. Increasingly, the main concern of soil physics has shifted from the laboratory to the field and from a restricted one-dimensional view to an expansive three-dimensional view, interfacing with the domains of sister disciplines such as meteorology and climatology, hydrology, ecology, and geochemistry. This chapter presents a hypothetical soil profile. This is not a “typical” soil, for among the myriad of differing soil types that are recognized by pedologists, no single type can be considered typical. The chapter also discusses the volume and mass relationships among the three phases of the soil and defines some basic parameters that can help to characterize the soil physically.
Behavior of uranium and zirconium in direct transport tests with irradiated EBR-II fuel

A theoretical model is used to analyze the transport of U and Zr in electrorefining of irradiated binary Experimental Breeder Reactor-II fuel. A limiting-current hypothesis is advanced to explain t...
255 nm interconnected micro-pixel deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes

We report on AlGaN based deep ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LED) with a micro-pixel design and emission at 255 nm. The micro-pixel design was adopted to improve the lateral current spreading and to reduce the operation voltages. For a 10/spl times/10 interconnected 25 /spl mu/m diameter micro-pixel design the device series resistance as low as 17.5 Q was measured. For a packaged LED, output powers of 0.9 mW at 160 mA dc and 3.4 mW at 240 mA pulse pump currents were measured.
The Effect of PKCα on the Light Response of Rod Bipolar Cells in the Mouse Retina.

Bipolar cells in the retina carry light-elicited signals from photoreceptors (rods and cones) to amacrine cells and ganglion cells. Two basic types of bipolar cells are present in the mammalian retina: rod bipolar cells (RBCs) and cone bipolar cells (CBCs).1 Rod and cone photoreceptors respond to increases in light intensity by hyperpolarizing and reducing the rate of glutamate release at the synapse.2,3 In terms of the polarity of light responses, bipolar cells can be classified into OFF and ON bipolar cells, with mammalian RBCs all having ON responses. OFF-CBCs express ionotropic glutamate receptors and, therefore, hyperpolarize when synaptic glutamate levels fall in the light.4,5 Rod bipolar cells and ON-CBCs, on the other hand, express a unique metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR6, which is negatively coupled to the TRPM1 cation channel, so that the channel opens and depolarizes the cell when light intensity increases and the synaptic glutamate concentration falls.6–11 The rod to RBC synapse transmits visual information in very dim (scotopic) light. The sensitivity is such that the RBC is able to detect and transmit single photon responses from one of the 20 to 40 rods (in mouse) from which it receives input.12,13 In bright (photopic) light, rods are saturated and the visual signal is transmitted from the less sensitive, but faster cone photoreceptors to ON- and OFF-CBCs. In the intermediate (mesopic) light range, overlap, and intermixing of the rod and cone pathways occurs via gap junctions between rod and cone synaptic terminals.14,15 Protein kinase C α (PKCα) is abundantly expressed in RBCs, so much so that it is used as a cell marker to identify RBCs in retinal immunohistochemistry.16,17 Yet the physiological role of PKCα in RBCs is not well understood. Protein kinase C alpha is a serine/threonine protein kinase that undergoes calcium-dependent translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, where it is activated upon binding to diacylglycerol (DAG).18 Because of its distribution throughout the RBC, PKCα is likely to have several targets within these cells, and to have multiple effects on their physiological properties. The light response of RBCs is reflected in the b-wave of the scotopic ERG.19–22 In mice lacking PKCα (PKCα knockout [PCK-KO]) the scotopic b-wave is reported to be delayed and to exhibit a prolonged recovery time.23 Within the RBC terminal, PKCα has been shown to regulate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, affecting both the morphology of the terminal and synaptic vesicle exocytosis,24 and to downregulate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAC) receptor function.25 Within the RBC dendrites, phosphorylation by PKCα has been shown to enhance the TRPM1 current, though it is not clear whether this is a direct result of phosphorylation of the channel or of another component in the signal transduction pathway.26 Here, we have examined the effect of genetic knock out of PKCα (PKC-KO) on retinal and RBC light responses in mouse in greater detail than has previously been reported.
TEDIUM's window into design

This paper describes how an application development environment, which maintains all design knowledge in a holistic application database, provides a window into its design knowledge. First an overview of the processing model is presented, then the application database is characterized. Finally, the approach to navigating through the design knowledge is described. The point is made that if an environment manages the design in a holistic fashion, then a window into that design knowledge is essential. >
The Task of Integration: A Modest Proposal

This article examines the issue of integration and proposes a typology of four different kinds of integration: interdisciplinary, intradisciplinary, faith-praxis, and experiential integration. The ...
Heritable clustering and pathway discovery in breast cancer integrating epigenetic and phenotypic data

Background In order to recapitulate tumor progression pathways using epigenetic data, we developed novel clustering and pathway reconstruction algorithms, collectively referred to as heritable clustering. This approach generates a progression model of altered DNA methylation from tumor tissues diagnosed at different developmental stages. The samples act as surrogates for natural progression in breast cancer and allow the algorithm to uncover distinct epigenotypes that describe the molecular events underlying this process. Furthermore, our likelihood-based clustering algorithm has great flexibility, allowing for incomplete epigenotype or clinical phenotype data and also permitting dependencies among variables.
RELATION OF PYROGENIC AND EMETIC PROPERTIES OF ENTEROBACTERIACEAL ENDOTOXIN AND OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN

Martin, William J. (College of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City), and Stanley Marcus. Relation of pyrogenic and emetic properties of enterobacteriaceal endotoxin and of staphylococcal enterotoxin. J. Bacteriol. 87:1019-1026. 1964.-The pyrogenic, endotoxic fraction of enterobacteriaceal organisms, isolated in a relatively impure or purified state, is both pyrogenic in rabbits and cats as well as emeticogenic in cats in microgram amounts. Employing classical methods for preparation of enterobacteriaceal endotoxin from known enterotoxic strains of Staphylococcus aureus yielded preparations with less than one-hundredth the activity of the enterobacteriaceal material. However, a purified enterotoxin material from an S. aureus strain, with protein-like rather than polysaccharidelike properties, was found to be both pyrogenic and emeticogenic in microgram amounts. These results suggest the probability that the enterobacteriaceal pyrogenemetic substance(s) is a significant part of the whole cell, whereas the staphylococcal enterotoxin is elaborated as a metabolic product which apparently does not accumulate in the whole cell.
A review of brain aromatase cytochrome P450

Aromatase cytochrome P45 (P450AROM) enzyme activity catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in specific brains areas. During central nervous system development local estrogen formation influences the sexual differentiation of neural structures (i.e., by increasing neurite growth and establishing neural circuitry) and modulates neuroendocrine/reproductive functions and sexual behavior. More than 20 years ago, in 1970, Naftolin et al. provided preliminary direct evidence for the aromatization of androgens by central neuroendocrine tissues. This work created the foundation for the brain aromatase hypothesis. A review of past and recent data reveals the importance of brain aromatase in the development and function of the central nervous system. This review re-examines the aromatase hypothesis in light of recent data and a theoretical proposal is presented in reference to the aromatase mechanism. The metabolic pathway of androgen metabolism by the aromatase cytochrome P450 pathway, cell type, distribution, developmental profile, and regulation of brain aromatase is also presented. The complex nature of brain aromatase is exemplified by recent molecular biology studies examining the expression of aromatase cytochrome P450 during prenatal/postnatal development. Data derived from these studies provide insight into the regulation of the brain aromatase cytochrome P450 gene and suggest an additional level of control for the expression of brain aromatase. These findings present evidence for the utilization of alternative promoter(s) in man and rodents in driving aromatase gene expression in brain. It is clear that molecular mechanism(s) account for the diverse expression of aromatase in different neural tissue sites and during various physiological states or developmental periods. Therefore, further study is necessary in order to understand the significance of the regulation of local estrogen biosynthesis by the aromatase cytochrome P450 gene during prenatal and postnatal development due to the dramatic impact these estrogen molecules have on neural development and their influence on reproductive function and behavior.
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria: I. Case report, special studies and therapy

Abstract A fourteen year old girl with classic congenital erythropoietic porphyria has recurrent skin bullae, mutilating scarring of the face and hands, hirsutism, porphyrinuria, discolored fluorescent teeth, fluorescent erythroid cells, increased hemolysis and grossly increased excretion of porphyrins. The distribution of discoloration in her primary and secondary teeth suggests that after birth there was a marked decrease in porphyrin production which rose again after the age of one to one and a half years. Two periods of temporary, marked decrease in porphyrinuria following acute minor illness were observed. Bone marrow findings during one of these episodes suggested that they were due to transient erythroid hypoplasia. Intrinsically abnormal red cells are present, with a resultant mild compensated hemolytic process. Less hematologic significant features are hypersplenism and abnormal erythropoiesis. The patient's skin lesions seem to be most directly related to increased skin fragility in areas chronically exposed to the sun. Studies of porphyrin excretion indicate that her porphyrin production is about twice what might be expected for a normal child with an equivalent rate of hemoglobin synthesis and that almost all of this excess is of isomer type I, which is incapable of being converted to protoporphyrin and heme. Only a small fraction of her excreted porphyrins can be attributed to those in the peripheral circulation, suggesting that most comes directly from the marrow. The lack of response to therapeutic trials of purine precursors (inosine and adenosine monophosphate) is reported. The therapeutic value of splenectomy, glucocorticoids and hypertransfusion is discussed.
SOX2 expression in the developing, adult, as well as, diseased prostate

SOX2 is a member of SOX (SRY-related high mobility group box) family of transcription factors. In this study, we examined the expression of SOX2 in murine and human prostatic specimens by immunohistochemistry. We found that SOX2 was expressed in murine prostates during budding morphogenesis and in neuroendocrine (NE) prostate cancer (PCa) murine models. Expression of SOX2 was also examined in human prostatic tissue. We found that SOX2 was expressed in 26 of the 30 BPH specimens. In these BPH samples, expression of SOX2 was limited to basal epithelial cells. In contrast, 24 of the 25 primary PCa specimens were negative for SOX2. The only positive primary PCa was the prostatic NE tumor, which also showed co-expression of synaptophysin. Additionally, the expression of SOX2 was detected in all prostatic NE tumor xenograft lines. Furthermore, we have examined the expression of SOX2 on a set of tissue microarrays consisting of metastatic PCa tissues. Expression of SOX2 was detected in at least one metastatic site in 15 of the 24 patients with metastatic castration-resistant PCa; and the expression of SOX2 was correlated with synaptophysin. SOX2 was expressed in developing prostates, basal cells of BPH, as well as prostatic NE tumors.
Controlled release of fluoride in connection with dental composite resins

A delivery system of F- in connection with dental restorations was tested. The system utilized the gap space which often exists between the restorative material and the tooth structure. A known quantity of fluoride compound was placed at a site within prepared plastic cavity blocks prior to restoring with composite resins. It was found that each specimen exhibited a unique steady-state release of F- during a certain period of the experiment. The rate and duration of the steady-state release of fluoride were independent of the types of composites used. This phenomenon was explained in terms of the gap size which could have been influenced by the manipulation and the nature of the materials. The benefit of this delivery system in dental application is its ability to maintain a high concentration of F- within the gap.
Hydrogen oxidation and production using nickel-based molecular catalysts with positioned proton relays

Highly efficient electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution and hydrogen oxidation have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. The catalysts in their resting states are air-stable, mononuclear nickel(II) complexes containing cyclic diphosphine ligands with nitrogen bases incorporated into the ligand backbone. X-ray diffraction studies have established that the cation of [Ni(PPh2NPh2)2(CH3CN)](BF4)2, 6a, (where PPh2NPh2 is 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane) is a trigonal bipyramid with bonds to four phosphorus atoms of the two bidentate diphosphine ligands and the nitrogen atom of an acetonitrile molecule. Two of the six-membered rings formed by the diphosphine ligands and Ni have boat conformations with an average Ni- - -N distance to the two pendant bases of 3.4 A. The cation of [Ni(PCy2NBz2)2](BF4)2, 6b, (where Cy = cyclohexyl and Bz = benzyl) is a distorted square planar complex. For 6b, all four six-membered rings formed upon coordination of the diphosphine ligands to th...
Effects of future writing and optimism on health behaviors in HIV-infected women.

Optimists (people who have positive expectations about the future) have been shown to perform more health-promoting behaviors than pessimists. This study attempts to alter individuals’ levels of optimism, and thereby their health behaviors, by having them write about a positive future. HIV-infected women (N =40) on combination therapies were randomly assigned to write about a positive future or assigned to a no-writing control group. Among participants who were low in optimism, the writing intervention led to increased optimism, a trend toward increased self-reported adherence to medications, and decreased distress from medication side effects, compared to controls who did not write. Participants who were high in optimism showed the opposite effects after writing about the future. Results suggest that a future-oriented writing intervention may be a promising technique to increase medication adherence and decrease symptom, distress in pessimistic individuals.
Stratigraphy and Structure of Northeastern Strawberry Valley Quadrangle, Utah: ABSTRACT

The Northeastern Strawberry Valley Quadrangle embraces approximately 240 square miles of the area where the south-central Wasatch Mountains meet the southwestern flank of the Uinta Mountains and form the northwestern boundary of the Uinta Basin. This report concerns the stratigraphy and structure of this geologically important region, with an accompanying geologic map depicting for the first time the features on an adequate scale. An aggregate thickness of 38,000 feet of sedimentary strata, in age from Upper Pennsylvanian through Eocene is exposed within the area. Most of the sediments are marine. A few thousand feet of andesitic volcanics of Oligocene or Miocene age overlies the older strata in a few places. In addition, portions of the area were modified by Pleistocene glaciation. From the standpoint of structural geology, this area is of great interest for it lies at the locus of the east-west-trending Uinta Mountains and the north-south Wasatch Mountains. Geologic mapping proves that overfolded strata of the south-central Wasatch Mountains allochthon were thrust some tens of miles eastward upon the foreland of the flat to gently inclined strata of the southwestern Uinta Mountains. The uparching and ramp thrusting of the Uintas occurred after the east-west thrusting, followed by high-angle normal faulting, uplift, and tilting. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1109------------
Characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels of the TE671 human medulloblastoma clonal line.

Abstract Acetylcholine (ACh)-gated single channel events were studied on the TE671 human medulloblastoma clonal cell line by the use of the cell-attached patch clamp technique. Channel activity was detected (86% probability) in the presence of 0.1 2 μM ACh but not (0% probability) in the absence of agonist or in the presence of 1 μM α-bungarotoxin (Bgt). This effect of Bgt was reversible within 1 h. The most prominent channel type had a conductance of 50 pS. The kinetics of opening and closing of the channel were similar to that for skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Spatially resolved measurements as a vehicle for studying atomization mechanisms in an ICP

Abstract Spatially and temporally resolved emission profiles have been used to study the formation of atomic and dimeric carbon within an inductively coupled plasma using radio-frequency power amplitude modulation. Methane and carbon dioxide gases were each introduced into the discharge and the resulting spatially and temporally dependent emission intensities were recorded. The use of this method for the investigation of carbon atom formation has facilitated the development of proposed mechanisms for methane and carbon dioxide atomization. Atomization from the addition of methane is proposed to be preceded by the formation of the dimer while that of carbon dioxide is proposed to occur before the formation of the dimeric species.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Salmonella typhimurium pepM gene

The pepM gene coding for a methionine-specific aminopeptidase was cloned from Salmonella typhimurium and its nucleotide sequence determined. The gene encoded a 264 amino acid protein that was homologous to a similar protein from Escherichia coli. The sequence of an overproducer mutant allele, pepM100, contained a single base change in the likely −35 region of the pepM promoter that increased its homology to the consensus promoter sequence. A region downstream from the pepM coding sequence contained extensive inverted repeats and was homologous to sequences found elsewhere in both Salmonella and other bacterial species.
Anesthesia for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: is nitrous oxide contraindicated?

Purpose: We performed this study to test the hypothesis that nitrous oxide produces clinically significant bowel distention during laparoscopic abdominal surgery.Materials and Methods: Laparoscopic kidney donors were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 received N2O and oxygen inhalation through anesthesia, and group 2 received a mixture of air and oxygen. All patients received the same preanesthetic and anesthetic medications. The surgeon was blinded to the use of N2O. The surgeon was given the option to discontinue N2O use (if it was used) if he/she thought that the bowel distention was increasing surgical risk. Postoperative data were collected on bowel symptoms, pain and recovery.Results: A total of 28 patients were enrolled in the study, 12 of whom received N2O (group 1) and 16 who did not receive N2O (group 2). Mild to moderate bowel distention was reported by the surgeons in 6 patients (50%) in group 1 and 1 patient only in group 2 (6%, p = 0.007). Severe bowel distention was encountered in 4 patients...
Final cooked temperature effects of ground pork on its ability to react with nitrite

ABSTRACT: Fresh ground pork patties from longissimus dorsi muscle were cooked to endpoint temperatures of54.4 °C, 60.0 °C, 65.6 °C, 71.1 °C, 76.7 °C, or 82.2 °C. After cooking, patties were immersed in a solution of sodiumnitrite (125 ppm) and water for 24 h. All patties then were heated again to a final endpoint temperature of 82.2 °Cto allow possible formation of nitrosohemochrome. Instrumental color data, spectrophotometric 650/570 nmreflectance ratio, and visual panelists’ scores on both exterior and interior surfaces revealed greater redness (pinking)at the lower initial cooked temperature endpoints. Most importantly, this study showed that all patties developedpink color on reheating, regardless of initial endpoint cooked temperature.Keywords: pork, color, nitrite, pinking, nitrosohemochrome Introduction M any meat products are formulated by using ingredients thatcontain some form of nitrite. Nitrite allows cured color to befixed while improving flavor and product safety (Cassens and oth-ers 1979; Benedict 1980; Dryden and Birdsall 1980). Nitrite itselfdoes not directly cause the development of cured meat color (Fox1966). Rather, reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide and its subsequentbinding with myoglobin causes the pink cured color to develop,and the color requires heating to become fixed. This cured color isheat stable and does not disappear with further cooking.Pink-cured color is desirable and expected by the consumerwhen purchasing cured products. Conversely, fresh ground prod-ucts are expected to be devoid of any red or pink color when cookedbecause consumers have “learned” to cook product until no redremains (USDA-FSIS 1989). Even though consumers are now in-formed that cooked color is not a reliable indicator of product done-ness (USDA 1997), the belief that a pink product is undercookedprevails, especially for pork, chicken, and ground-meat products.Products retaining pink after cooking have been termed
Pulmonary artery sheath haematoma with pulmonary arterial compression: a rare complication of type A aortic dissection mistaken for aortitis.

An 89-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and temporal arteritis treated with corticosteroid therapy presented complaining of moderate right-sided chest pain with shortness of breath beginning 1 day earlier. She had no fever, vomiting, syncope, or light headedness. CT aortography showed hyperattenuating aortic wall thickening with unenhanced imaging (arrow, Panel A , and crescentic low attenuation thickening …
A comparison of field and laboratory polygraphs in the detection of deception

This study compared the effectiveness of field and laboratory polygraphs in discriminating guilty and innocent subjects tested using the Control Question Technique (CQT). Subjects were 48 prisoners examined regarding a mock theft in a peer threat context; physiological responses were recorded simultaneously on a Lafayette field polygraph and a Sensor Medics laboratory polygraph. Overall hit rates were essentially the same whether classifications were based on quantitative measures from the laboratory polygraph or on numerical scores from the field polygraph (i.e., 73% and 79%, respectively), and in both cases the best discriminating measures were electrodermal activity and indices of respiration suppression. Further analyses revealed that errors of classification were mostly due to the failure of the available measures to differentiate between relevant and control questions for innocent subjects. These results indicate that the CQT is susceptible to false positive errors when subjects are tested under field-like circumstances, a problem that is not likely to be eliminated by refinements in instrumentation and scoring.
Guanylation of transfer RNA by rabbit reticulocytes

Abstract 1. Incubation of rabbit reticulocytes in the presence of [14C]guanine brings about incorporation of this compound into reticulocyte tRNA. 2. The incorporation of [14C]guanine into tRNA is not due to terminal addition at either the 3′ or 5′ end. It appears that the guanine is incorporated into an internal position of the polynucleotide. 3. Freon reverse phase chromatography of the guanylated RNA indicates that only two species of reticulocyte tRNA may be guanylated. 4. Histidine has been identified as the amino acid accepted by guanylated tRNA. 5. Guanylation is not inhibited by actinomycin D or puromycin. It is weakly inhibited by cycloheximide and 8 azaguanine.
High temperature, high rate homoepitaxial growth of diamond in an atmospheric pressure flame

Abstract Homoepitaxial growth of diamond at temperatures in the range of 1150–1500°C has been achieved on millimeter sized {100} and {110} natural diamond seed crystals using a laminar, premixed oxygen-acetylene flame in air. Growth rates of 100–200 μm/h have been observed. Microscope and naked eye observations show the original cylindrical shaped seed crystals growing into polyhedral shaped crystals with identifiable {100}, {110} and {111} faces. examination under optical and scanning electron microscopes reveals terraces on the {100} faces. The deposited diamond is clear and exhibits Raman spectra almost identical to that of natural diamond. Laue X-ray diffraction analyses have confirmed the epitaxial nature of the growth. The deposition temperatures and growth rates reported are the highest ever observed for the homoepitaxial synthesis of diamond crystals at low pressures.
Dosimetry measurements at the fast neutron therapy facility in Seattle

Abstract The fast neutron therapy facility at the University of Washington has been in routine clinical use for 25 years. 50.5 MeV protons produce neutrons in a beryllium target mounted on an isocentric gantry. Beam shaping is accomplished with a 40-leaf collimator. Dosimetry measurements for treatment planning and calibration are performed with tissue equivalent ion chambers. A layered phantom of alternating Solid Water ® and Plastic Water ® slabs has been developed for rapid dose verification measurements. The neutron field in the room has been used for radiation testing of electronic components.
The Rejuvenation Queue Construction and Strategy Research for Related Web Services

The problem of software aging widely exists in long-running software system, and the solution is software rejuvenation. Traditional software rejuvenation strategy has some deficiencies in solving the software aging problems of web services, for example, the higher failure rate and the poorer stability. Therefore, considering web services may have the correlation, at first we classified web service relationship and analyzed the relationship of web services by using the association mining algorithm; secondly we established and continuously fixed the aging model of web services by using the error back-propagation network to calculate the aging weights of web services. On this basis, based on the analysis of web services’ priority, call frequency and aging states, we calculated the rejuvenation cost, constructed the rejuvenation queue, and proposed an adaptive rejuvenation strategy of related web services. The experiment result showed that, compared with traditional regeneration strategy, this strategy improved the stability and dependability of web services.
Midazolam withdrawal and discriminative motor control: effects of FG 7142 and Ro 15-1788.

Abstract Rats chronically drank either water or midazolam solution (0.1 mg/ml) in daily, 3-h schedule-induced polydipsia sessions and were evaluated in daily motor control sessions after polydipsia when midazolam metabolite levels had fallen to zero (withdrawal). Under midazolam polydipsia, animals orally self-administered between 21 and 38 mg/kg daily. The effect of acute drug administration [midazolam (0.75–3 mg/kg, SC), FG 7142 (1–8 mg/kg, IP), Ro 15-1788 (10–20 mg/kg, IP)] on motor control performance was similar after either chronic water or midazolam polydipsia. Thus chronic, oral midazolam self-administration did not lead to tolerance to the motor impairment produced by SC midazolam, nor did the daily discontinuation lead to impaired motor performance, nor had these performances, which occurred after daily elevated midazolam metabolite levels had reached zero (withdrawal), become sensitized to the effects of either the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG 7142 or the antagonist Ro 15-1788.
Being Emotionally Abused: A Phenomenological Study of Adult Women's Experiences of Emotionally Abusive Intimate Partner Relationships

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe individual perceptions, meanings, and definitions of emotional abuse through the lived experience of women who identified themselves as being e...
Young Grandmother Caregivers: An Ecological Perspective for Marriage and Family Therapists

Although multi-systemic perspectives of adolescent mothers have been examined in the literature, very little has taken a broader perspective of the young grandmothers who have taken on the primary or shared care-giving role of the grandchild. This paper takes a multidimensional approach to looking at the contextual factors affecting these young grandmothers using Bronfenbrenner's ecological model. Examining young grandparents based on an ecological model may be useful for marriage and family therapists who encounter a family in which an adolescent is expecting or has given birth to a child.