cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual values and the team building process

Abstract A values-based intervention model for turn building is presented. Values are defined as core beliefs that guide behavior, form the basis for god setting and motivation, and serve as standards to evaluate behavior. Rationale for understanding individual values within the team building process is provided. Assumptions and components of the model are outlined with an emphasis on (1) increasing awareness of individual characteristics from a values perspective; (2) understanding the predominant values of the team; (3) identifying the factors that promote and interfere with team cohesion from a values perspective; and (4) developing interventions and strategies to improve mutual respect and subsequent cohesion. Cautions and limitations of the model are noted.
Rites of Passage: From Here to There, from Now to Then, Along These Roads and Paths

The previous issue of Child and Youth Care Forum was devoted to the "clinical" use of the idea of rites of passage. It got me musing about that phenomenon, about the notion of "transitions," about "age" as time, about "youth" and "adult" as social statuses and social roles, and about the larger contexts of this topic. Thus, these reflections are in conversation with that work, but obliquely so, like a jazz riff that fits, sort of! My comments come after a four-year study of the vocational in youths' lives, i.e., how divine "call" or world-address is a compelling moral claim to which each young person may respond and, in so doing, may craft himself by how his act shows responsibility, authenticity, and self-transcendence. This study led me to a reconsideratio n of the place and use of birth-age in our conceptions of youth, to study the role of the state in ordering the life-course (wherein "transitions" are located) and to the possibility that "growing up" in age-graded and age-segregated social roles, social institutions, and social settings may not be most efficacious of human development. For me these are all related to the theme of rites of passage and, indeed, are some of its contexts in society and culture. It is to these that I attend, but with a deep awareness of the power of rituals and to a nagging wish, unfulfilled, that I too could have had a ceremonial "coming of age," especially now when I write every day with a fountain pen! [In the 1950s, a Jewish boy in New York City was to have a bar mitzvah at age 13 and be given a fountain pen (or money) as his "coming of age" gift.]
Ultrastable Au Nanocatalyst Supported on Surface-Modified TiO2 Nanocrystals

The surfaces of TiO2 nanocrystals were modified with amorphous aluminum-oxide layers using a surface sol−gel process to control the interaction between supports and metal particles. Ultrastable Au nanocatalysts were prepared by the deposition of Au nanoparticles on the surface-modified TiO2 nanocrystals using a deposition−precipitation (DP) method. The TEM analysis showed that the Au nanoparticles on the surface-modified nanocrystal supports were highly stable with a sinter-resistant capability during high-temperature calcination. The HRTEM analysis revealed that the surface of the TiO2 nanocrystals was covered by an amorphous aluminum-oxide layer and the Au nanoparticles were primarily anchored to this amorphous layer. This amorphous aluminum-oxide layer played an extremely important role in the stabilization of the supported Au nanoparticles without affecting catalytic activities. The surface modification of nanocrystal supports highlights new opportunities in tailoring the stability and activity of sup...
LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL NEPHROURETERECTOMY FOR UPPER TRACT TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA: THE CLEVELAND CLINIC EXPERIENCE

Purpose: We report our single institutional experience with retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy in patients with upper tract transitional cell carcinoma and compare results to those achieved by the open technique.Materials and Methods: A total of 77 patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy for pathologically confirmed upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. Of these patients 42 underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy from September 1997 through January 2000 and 35 underwent open surgery. All specimens were extracted intact. Of the laparoscopic group the juxtavesical ureter and bladder cuff were excised by our novel transvesical needlescopic technique in 27 and radical nephrectomy was performed retroperitoneoscopically in all 42. Data were compared retrospectively with 35 patients undergoing open radical nephroureterectomy from February 1991 through December 1999.Results: Laparoscopy was superior in regard to surgical time (3.7 versus 4.7 hours, p = 0.003), blood loss (242 versu...
Optimizing a linear function over an efficient set

The problem (P) of optimizing a linear functiond T x over the efficient set for a multiple-objective linear program (M) is difficult because the efficient set is typically nonconvex. Given the objective function directiond and the set of domination directionsD, ifd T π≧0 for all nonzero π∈D, then a technique for finding an optimal solution of (P) is presented in Section 2. Otherwise, given a current efficient point $$\hat x$$ , if there is no adjacent efficient edge yielding an increase ind T x, then a cutting plane $$d^T x = d^T \hat x$$ is used to obtain a multiple-objective linear program ( $$\bar M$$ ) with a reduced feasible set and an efficient set $$\bar E$$ . To find a better efficient point, we solve the problem (Ii) of maximizingc x over the reduced feasible set in ( $$\bar M$$ ) sequentially fori. If there is a $$x^i \in \bar E$$ that is an optimal solution of (Ii) for somei and $$d^T x^i > d^T \hat x$$ , then we can choosex i as a current efficient point. Pivoting on the reduced feasible set allows us to find a better efficient point or to show that the current efficient point $$\hat x$$ is optimal for (P). Two algorithms for solving (P) in a finite sequence of pivots are presented along with a numerical example.
A framework for analysis of surgeon arm posture variability in robot-assisted surgery

Teleoperated robot-assisted surgery (RAS) provides surgeons with improved dexterity, movement control, and visualization in comparison to standard minimally invasive surgery. However, there exists little quantitative understanding of the motor performance of human operators in RAS. Models of how users control their movements and how this control relates to surgical performance could provide inspiration for new robot or human interface designs, as well as more targeted training methods. Toward this end, we present a framework for the analysis of surgeon arm posture variability based on the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) concept, a method used in the study of human motor control for testing hypotheses about the coupling of control and task variables. We partition users' joint angle variability into variability that does and does not result in hand trajectory change. In a preliminary study applying this framework, we explored how expert and novice operators control planar reaching and reversal movements when moving freehand as well as using a teleoperated RAS system. We show that only movements in task-relevant directions are stabilized by the coordination of joint angles, and that this stabilization is stronger for expert movements than novice movements. We also show that stabilization is stronger in freehand than teleoperated movements, especially for the expert. These preliminary findings suggest that the proposed framework can be useful for: (1) assessment of teleoperator design and control that reveals how design parameters affect the ability of the user to exploit the UCM for stabilization of hand movement, and (2) skill assessment in RAS.
Sulfur-Containing Nucleoside from Yeast Transfer Ribonucleic Acid: 2-Thio-5(or 6)-uridine Acetic Acid Methyl Ester

A nucleoside, isolated from yeast transfer RNA, has been assigned the structure 2-thio-5-uridine acetic acid methyl ester on the basis of high-esolution mass spectrometry, chemical properties, and ultraviolet spectra. The alternate 6-substituted isomeric structure cannot yet be completely ruled out.
Two Major Antigenic Polypeptides of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus

A library of molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) transferred into the cowpox vector expression system was screened with 12 sera from molluscum patients. Two recombinant proteins of 70 and 34 kDa were detected by immunoblotting and mapped to the open-reading frames MC133L and MC084L, respectively. Consensus sites were found between the C-terminus of the 70-kDa MCV protein and the 14-kDa fusion protein of vaccinia and variola virus, and between the 34-kDa MCV protein and the 37.5-kDa viral membrane-associated protein of vaccinia and variola virus. Rabbit antisera against these two proteins were prepared. An immunofluorescence study demonstrated that the 70- and 34-kDa proteins were predominantly expressed on the surface of recombinant virus-infected HeLa cells, indicating the potential to be inserted into the membrane. On immunoelectron microscopy, antiserum against 70-kDa protein showed significant labeling of the MCV membrane, while the antiserum against 34-kDa protein failed to do so.
Partitioning of rare earth and high field strength elements between titanite and phonolitic liquid

We present the results of a LA–ICPMS study of titanites and associated glasses from the mixed-magma phonolitic Fasnia Member of the Diego Hernandez Formation, Tenerife, Canary Islands. We employ a method of identifying equilibrium mineral–melt pairs from natural samples using REE contents and a linear form of the lattice strain model equation (Blundy and Wood, 1994), where the Young's modulus (EM) for the 7-fold coordinated site is an output variable. For felsic magmas that contain crystals potentially derived from a variety of environments within the system, this approach is more rigorous than the use of solely textural criteria such as mineral–glass proximity. We then estimate titanite/melt partition coefficients for Y, Zr, Nb, REE, Hf, Ta, U and Th. In common with prior studies, we find that middle REE partition more strongly into titanite than either light or heavy REE, and that REE partitioning behavior in titanite is reasonably predicted by the lattice strain model. Titanite also fractionates Y from Ho, Zr from Hf, and Nb from Ta. Comparison with experimental data indicates that melt structure effects on partitioning are significant, most particularly in very highly polymerized melts. We use the data to estimate 7-fold coordination radii for trivalent Pr, Nd, Ho, Tm and Lu, and to make approximate predictions of titanite/melt partitioning of Ra, Ac and Pa. Interpolation of data for heavy REE does not predict the behavior of Y, indicating that factors other than charge and radius are involved in partitioning. Variations in Y/Ho induced by magmatic processes appear to be negatively correlated with temperature, and are expected to be greatest in near-minimum melts.
Representing Country in the Creative Postcolonial City

This article contributes to theories of the postcolonial city. The town of Alice Springs/Mparntwe is situated in the middle of Australia. Its shift from colonial control center to postcolonial city involves four interrelated processes: land rights negotiations, residential segregation, the use and regulation of public space, and the development of a cultural-creative economy based on “Aboriginal” art. Continuances and ruptures of the postcolonial city are highlighted by exploring the paradox of cultural prominence and economic importance of Aboriginal art with the continuing residential marginalization of many Aboriginal inhabitants. The city resonates with the tensions between the postcolonialism of new national imaginaries and the continuing colonialism expressed and embodied in the commodification of “Aboriginal” art.
Automatic Attention Cueing Through Eye Movement in 2‐Year‐Old Children With Autism

Automatic attention cueing by perceived changes in gaze direction was studied in 2-year-old children with autism and typically developing (TD) controls using a visual attention cueing paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2 the cue consisted of an eye movement (Eyes) and a nonbiological movement (SimEyes), respectively. The results suggest that visual attention in children with autism and their TD counterparts is cued by perceived eye movement. Thus, although in naturalistic situations toddlers with autism do not follow the gaze of others, they are sensitive to directional cues inherent in eye movement. Cue-specific differences in performance related to the level of engagement and cue-processing time may suggest reliance on different underlying strategies for gaze processing in autism.
Relevance score normalization for metasearch

Given the ranked lists of documents returned by multiple search engines in response to a given query, the problem of metasearch is to combine these lists in a way which optimizes the performance of the combination. This problem can be naturally decomposed into three subproblems: (1) normalizing the relevance scores given by the input systems, (2) estimating relevance scores for unretrieved documents, and (3) combining the newly-acquired scores for each document into one, improved score.Research on the problem of metasearch has historically concentrated on algorithms for combining (normalized) scores. In this paper, we show that the techniques used for normalizing relevance scores and estimating the relevance scores of unretrieved documents can have a significant effect on the overall performance of metasearch. We propose two new normalization/estimation techniques and demonstrate empirically that the performance of well known metasearch algorithms can be significantly improved through their use.
Effect of vaccination against leptospirosis on the frequency, days to recurrence and progression of disease in horses with equine recurrent uveitis

Objective To evaluate the effect of vaccination against leptospirosis on frequency and days to recurrence of uveitis and progression of disease in horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). Animals Forty-one horses with ERU. Procedure Horses were randomly assigned to experimental (vaccinated) or control groups. Vaccine containing six serovars of Leptospira or placebo was administered, an ophthalmic examination performed and blood samples drawn on days 0, 28, 180 and 365. Antibody titers were measured against each serovar. Recurrence of uveitis was verified by ophthalmic examination. Results of the initial and final ophthalmic examinations were compared and progression of disease defined as an increase in extent of synechiae, or development of new or progression of an existing cataract. Results Vaccination increased the average geometric mean serum antibody titer from 225 on day 0, to 4077 and 593 on days 28 and 180, respectively. After the second vaccination, days to first recurrence was significantly longer (median 126 days; range 24–231 days) when compared with controls (median 86 days; range 14–192 days, P = 0.04). Recurrence of ERU was observed among 7/20 (35%) vaccinated horses and 12/21 (57%) controls; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.061, OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.06, 1.07). More horses in the experimental group 13/20 (65%) experienced progression of disease when compared with controls 12/21(57%); however, this difference was statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.35). Conclusions Vaccine significantly increased days to recurrence, but failed to slow the progression of disease. These data do not support the use of vaccination against leptospirosis as adjunct therapy for the routine treatment of horses with ERU.
Construction of plasmid R6K derivatives in vitro: Characterization of the R6K replication region

Abstract Low molecular weight derivatives of the antibiotic resistance plasmid R6K have been constructed in vitro using the restriction endonucleases HindIII and HaeII. Common to all of the derivatives that replicate autonomously in Escherichia coli is a 2.1-kb segment of the DNA at the region of the origin of replication. This 2.1-kb region does not contain the asymmetric terminus of replication present in the parent plasmid. The derivatives replicate under relaxed control and are incompatible with intact R6K. A restriction endonuclease cleavage map of the plasmid is presented.
Category norms for verbal items in 25 categories for children in Grades 2–6

Three hundred and seventy-five children in Grades 2, 3, 4, and 6 were asked to generate instances of 25 different categories within a time period of 1 min per category. Data were tallied so that category instances are ranked as to proportion of subjects making each response at each grade level. Indications of the average number of category instances generated by children at each grade level within each category are provided.
Non-circular features in Saturn’s D ring: D68

Abstract D68 is a narrow ringlet located only 67,627 km (1.12 planetary radii) from Saturn’s spin axis. Images of this ringlet obtained by the Cassini spacecraft reveal that this ringlet exhibits persistent longitudinal brightness variations and a substantial eccentricity ( ae = 25 ± 1 km ). By comparing observations made at different times, we confirm that the brightness variations revolve around the planet at approximately the local orbital rate ( 1751.6 ° /day), and that the ringlet’s pericenter precesses at 38.243 ± 0.008 ° /day, consistent with the expected apsidal precession rate at this location due to Saturn’s higher-order gravitational harmonics. Surprisingly, we also find that the ringlet’s semi-major axis appears to be decreasing with time at a rate of 2.4 ± 0.4 km/year between 2005 and 2013. A closer look at these measurements, along with a consideration of earlier Voyager observations of this same ringlet, suggests that the mean radius of D68 moves back and forth, perhaps with a period of around 15 Earth years or about half a Saturn year. These observations could place important constraints on both the ringlet’s local dynamical environment and the planet’s gravitational field.
Handedness and birth risk.

Abstract Based in part on a relationship he observed between the incidence of left-handedness and birth risk (defined by birth order) in male college students, Bakan has postulated that left-handedness is the result of neurological insult associated with pre-natal or delivery factors. The two replications which question Bakan's hypothesis can be criticized as replications for suspected differences in each sample and because both failed to consider sex as a variable. When these variables were taken into account, no evidence of a relationship between left-handedness and birth risk was observed for male or female college students.
Indentation induced film fracture in hard film – soft substrate systems

Nanoindentations were made into oxide films on aluminum and titanium substrates for two cases; one where the metal was a bulk (effectively single crystal) material and the other where the metal was a 1 μm thick film grown on a silica or silicon substrate. In both cases indentation was used to produce discontinuous loading curves, which indicate film fracture after plastic deformation of the metal. The oxides on bulk metals fractures occurred at reproducible loads, and the tensile stresses in the films at fracture were approximately 10 and 15 GPa for the aluminum and titanium oxides, respectively. Fine grained films only exhibited discontinuous loading under cyclic indentations, and demonstrated decreased load at catastrophic film fracture as the amplitude of cycling was decreased. A hypothesis regarding film fracture in these film systems is presented based on plastic deformation in the substrate and the superposition of the load carried by the elastic stretching of the film and the plastic deformation of the substrate.
Wine Components Inhibit Cholera Toxin-Induced Intestinal Secretion in Rats

Gut bacterial toxins contribute to many diseases, including diarrhea. Cholera represents a life-threatening form of enterotoxin-induced diarrhea caused by infection with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Diarrhea results from the prosecretory actions of a bacterial enterotoxin. The aim of this study was to identify dietary compounds that antagonize the intestinal secretory actions of cholera toxin and which might be useful in diarrhea prevention and treatment. Rat small intestine (jejunum) was ligated in vivo and separate segments of small bowel were randomly injected with various dietary compounds in the presence and absence of cholera toxin. The secretory response to cholera toxin was assessed by measuring the amount of fluid secreted into the bowel segments. Compared to controls, red wine and wine components significantly inhibited the small intestinal secretory response to cholera toxin. Grape juice, ethanol (12%), and World Health Organization rehydration fluid had lesser antisecretory effects. These no...
On deposition efficiency of point-to-plate electrostatic precipitator

Abstract The deposition efficiency of a point-to-plate electrostatic precipitator onto a target substrate was studied in this work. The efficiency when measured in the traditional way, by the loss of particles from the exiting air, was like in many other such devices, typically high (80–90%). However, the actual useful deposition onto the target substrate was never more than 50% and sometime as low as a few percent only. Therefore, special caution should be taken in design and testing of electrostatic precipitators for quantitative sampling of aerosols.
Periodic Job Scheduling in a Distributed Processor System

This investigation considers the problem of the nonpreemptive scheduling of a set of independent periodic jobs in a computer system characterized by a collection of processors, memories, and interconnection mechanisms. Such a collection of resources can be used to perform the functions of a process control environment as are found, for example, in the avionics of a military or commercial aircraft. The distribution of these resources permits weight, volume, power, cost, and reliability requirements to be satisfied. Each periodic job is characterized by its frequency and its execution time. The inverse of the frequency, the period, is assumed to be an integer, and the initiation time and the completion time of job must be strictly met. An optimal algorithm is developed for a job set whose members are related by a binary frequency distribution. That is, if the jobs in the set are ordered in terms of decreasing job execution frequency, then fi = 2fi+1. The optimal result is generalized to include conditions in which the jobs are related by fi = kfi+1, where k is an integer.
Schur convex functions on the spectra of graphs

Majorization on the spectra of graphs is shown to be preserved under several operations, including addition, multiplication and complementation of graphs. The graph obtained by the removal of k disjoint edges from the complete graph on n vertices is shown to minimize all Schur-convex functions defined on the (Kirchoff) spectra of graphs, over all simple graphs on n vertices and (n2)-k edges. When n is odd, k= 12(n-1), and one edge is removed from the vertex of degree n-1 in the graph mentioned above, the resulting graph enjoys the same property among all simple graphs on n vertices and (n2)-12(n+1) edges. The reciprocal of the number of spanning trees of a graph is an example of a Schur-convex function on the spectrum.
Demonstration of nonpolar GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Nonpolar and semipolar orientations of gallium nitride offer several advantages for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), including enhanced radiative efficiencies and higher optical gain compared to c-plane oriented VCSELs. Additionally, anisotropic gain within the quantum well plane should result in a consistent and well-defined polarization direction of the emission in nonpolar and semipolar VCSELs. We report the first known electricallyinjected nonpolar m-plane GaN VCSELs, operating under pulsed injection at room temperature. As predicted, m-plane GaN VCSELs exhibit polarization locking, with the polarization direction consistently oriented along the a-direction of the wurtzite crystal structure. We also report a novel fabrication method, utilizing photoelectrochemical etching of a sacrificial InGaN region for substrate removal and cavity length definition. This method allows for the use of dielectric DBR mirrors with freestanding GaN substrates, while maintaining precise control of cavity length by placement of the sacrificial layer during epitaxial growth. Initial device results include a wavelength of 411.9 nm with a FWHM of 0.25 nm and a maximum observed power output of 19.5 uW. Devices exhibit polarization ratios higher than .7 above threshold (with no additional measures taken to account for spontaneous emission or to reduce collection of scattered light).
Fiber-reinforced plastic composites for energy absorption purposes☆

Abstract The energy-absorbing characteristics in axial collapse of structures made from fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are reviewed from both the materials and the structural viewpoints. The type and nature of the fiber and resin, the geometry of the structure and the fiber arrangement affect significantly the energy-absorbing capability, but the data currently available are not yet sufficient to give a clearly unambiguous answer for a particular situation. An effective trigger mechanism is necessary to initiate stable collapse since thin-wall structures in particular are prone to unstable collapse. Methods are described to estimate the energy-absorbing potential of an FRP composite structure.
Relative and Seasonal Abundance of Beneficial Arthropods in Centipede grass as Influenced by Management Practices

Pitfall traps were used to monitor the seasonal activity of arthropod predators, parasitoids, and decomposers in replicated plots of centipedegrass turf for 3 yr (1989-1991) at two locations. During 1990 and 1991, the influence of single or combined herbicide, insecticide, and fertilizer applications on these beneficials was assessed. In total, 21 species of carabids in 13 genera and 17 species of staphylinids in 14 genera were represented in pitfall-trap collections. Nonsminthurid collembolans, ants, spiders, and parasitic Hymenoptera were adversely affected in the short term by insecticide applications targeting the twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say). Other taxa, notably oribatid Acari, increased over time in response to pesticide or fertilizer applications. Although various taxa were reduced by pesticide application during three of four sample intervals, a lack of overall differences in season totals suggests that the disruptive influence of certain chemical management practices may be less severe than expected in the landscape.
Gas chromatographic determination of carbon dioxide evolved from soils in closed systems

Abstract A simple gas Chromatographie method for determination of carbon dioxide evolved from soils in closed systems is described. It involves injection of krypton (internal standard) into the soil atmosphere and subsequent analysis of this atmosphere for carbon dioxide and krypton with a helium-ionization detector after isothermal (25°C) separation of these gases on a column of Porapak Q. The method is rapid, sensitive, and precise, and it has significant advantages over methods previously proposed for determination of carbon dioxide evolved from soils. Use of the method for determination of carbon dioxide release in soil incubation experiments and in analysis of soils for inorganic (carbonate) carbon is described.
Control structures for performance graphics

Responsive control structures allow graphics systems to be used as performance instruments. Control structures are a design element of a system—while they are manipulated by the user or performer, they exist primarily as a result of the system designer's software and hardware engineering.For example, the control structure of the telephone system allows ten sequential inputs to connect your phone to almost any other in the world. The power of this structure is independent of the specific user control device. Dials, push buttons, tones and clicks can all be used as inputs.While physical controls provide inputs, control structures determine what these inputs do.
Sexuality in the movies

Thomas R. Atkins, ed Sexuality in the Movies. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1975. 244 pp.
Phylogeographical approaches to assessing demographic connectivity between breeding and overwintering regions in a Nearctic-Neotropical warbler (Wilsonia pusilla).

We characterized the pattern and magnitude of phylogeographical variation among breeding populations of a long-distance migratory bird, the Wilson’s warbler ( Wilsonia pusilla ), and used this information to assess the utility of mtDNA markers for assaying demographic connectivity between breeding and overwintering regions. We found a complex pattern of population differentiation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation among populations across the breeding range. Individuals from eastern North America were differentiated from western individuals and the eastern haplotypes formed a distinct, wellsupported cluster. The more diverse western group contained haplotype clusters with significant geographical structuring, but there was also broad mixing of haplotype groups such that no haplotype groups were population specific and the predominance of rare haplotypes limited the utility of frequency-based assignment techniques. Nonetheless, the existence of geographically diagnosable eastern vs. western haplotypes enabled us to characterize the distribution of these two groups across 14 overwintering locations. Western haplotypes were present at much higher frequencies than eastern haplotypes at most overwintering sites. Application of this mtDNA-based method of linking breeding and overwintering populations on a finer geographical scale was precluded by the absence of population-specific markers and by insufficient haplotype sorting among western breeding populations. Our results suggest that because migratory species such as the Wilson’s warbler likely experienced extensive gene flow among regional breeding populations, molecular markers will have the greatest utility for characterizing breeding − overwintering connectivity at a broad geographical scale.
Patterns in Host Ranges Within the Nearctic Species of the Parasitoid Genus Pholetesor Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

The host ranges of nine Nearctic species of the braconid genus Pholetesor are discussed on the basis of the results of a comprehensive field-rearing survey of the host leafminers. The species show a varying degree of taxonomic and ecological limitation in their host ranges. For most Pholetesor species, the life history of a given potential host appears to be more critical in determining its susceptibility to attack than its taxonomic position or habitat choice.
BLOOD GROUP ACTIVITY OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Distribution of blood group A, B, and H(O) activities among 282 aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, many isolated from the blood of patients, has been studied. Almost half of these bacteria were found to be blood group active. About 10 per cent of the organisms exhibited high, disproportional activities, which in some instances approached those of crude human blood group mucoids. No significant, specific D (Rho), M, or N activity was found in approximately 70 members of the Enterobacteriaceae. An attempt was made to correlate the observed activity of a given organism of known O somatic antigen with its monosaccharide components. The presence of those sugars which account for the specificity of human blood group mucoids was noted. The bearing of these findings on the origin of human anti-A and anti-B isoantibodies has been mentioned.
A study on the cricket location-support system communication protocols

The localization performance of a wireless sensor network localization system is highly related to the rate at which it can transmit ranging signals and measurements. The underlying media access control (MAC) protocol and application level ranging and communication protocol of the cricket location-support system (CLS) is analyzed to identify bottlenecks. Unnecessary delays in the existing MAC layer, which is based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), are identified and removed. This greatly improves the rate at which radio frequency (RF) packets can be transmitted. To further improve localization performance, a time division multiple access (TDMA) protocol for an active architecture is proposed to replace the randomized schedule used by CLS to transmit ranging signals. Experiments show that the new protocols produce higher sampling rates than the original CLS communication protocols.
Use of a Suspension Array for Rapid Identification of the Varieties and Genotypes of the Cryptococcus neoformans Species Complex

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungal pathogen known to cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients. The disease, cryptococcosis, is mostly acquired by inhalation and can result in a chronic meningoencephalitis, which can be fatal. Here, we describe a molecular method to identify the varieties and genotypic groups within the C. neoformans species complex from culture-based assays. The method employs a novel flow cytometer with a dual laser system that allows the simultaneous detection of different target sequences in a multiplex and high-throughput format. The assay uses a liquid suspension hybridization format with specific oligonucleotide probes that are covalently bound to the surface of fluorescent color-coded microspheres. Biotinylated target amplicons, which hybridized to their complementary probe sequences, are quantified by the addition of the conjugate, streptavidin R-phycoerythrin. In this study we developed and validated eight probes derived from sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer region of the rRNA gene region. The assay proved to be specific and sensitive, allowed discrimination of a 1-bp mismatch with no apparent cross-reactivity, and detected 10(1) to 10(3) genome copies. The described protocol, which can be used directly with yeast cells or isolated DNA, can be undertaken in less than 1 h following PCR amplification and permits identification of species in a multiplex format. In addition to a multiplex capability, the assay allows the simultaneous detection of target sequences in a single reaction. The accuracy, speed, flexibility, and sensitivity of this technology are a few of the advantages that will make this assay useful for the diagnosis of human cryptococcal infections and other pathogenic diseases.
Crystal structures of reduced, oxidized, and mutated human thioredoxins: evidence for a regulatory homodimer.

Abstract Background: Human thioredoxin reduces the disulfide bonds of numerous proteins in vitro , and can activate transcription factors such as NF κ B in vivo . Thioredoxin can also act as a growth factor, and is overexpressed and secreted in certain tumor cells. Results Crystal structures were determined for reduced and oxidized wild type human thioredoxin (at 1.7 and 2.1 a nominal resolution, respectively), and for reduced mutant proteins Cys73→Ser and Cys32→Ser/Cys35→Ser (at 1.65 and 1.8 a, respectively). Surprisingly, thioredoxin is dimeric in all four structures; the dimer is linked through a disulfide bond between Cys73 of each monomer, except in Cys73→Ser where a hydrogen bond occurs. The thioredoxin active site is blocked by dimer formation. Conformational changes in the active site and dimer interface accompany oxidation of the active-site cysteines, Cys32 and Cys35. Conclusion It has been suggested that a reduced p K a in the first cysteine (Cys32 in human thioredoxin) of the active-site sequence is important for modulation of the redox potential in thioredoxin. A hydrogen bond between the sulfhydryls of Cys32 and Cys35 may reduce the p K a of Cys32 and this p K a depression probably results in increased nucleophilicity of the Cys32 thiolate group. This nucleophilicity, in turn, is thought to be necessary for the role of thioredoxin in disulfide-bond reduction. The physiological role, if any, of thioredoxin dimer formation remains unknown. It is possible that dimerization may provide a mechanism for regulation of the protein, or a means of sensing oxidative stress.
Conducting psychological intervention research in pediatric clinical settings: Strategies and implications.

Practice-based psychological intervention research that is conducted by practitioners in pediatric clinical settings raises special challenges that need to be met to maximize opportunity for success. Based on our experiences in intervention research conducted in clinical settings by practicing pediatric psychologists and health care providers, we consider issues in designing and implementing intervention research, resource development, interdisciplinary collaboration, ethical issues, data analysis, and application of findings in clinical practice. Recommendations to enhance the implementation of psychological intervention research in pediatric clinical settings include balancing feasibility versus validity in study design, considering multiple approaches to study designs and data analyses, identifying and managing ethical issues, facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations, developing resources, and enhancing opportunities for research training.
Evaluation of endoscopic and imaging modalities in the diagnosis of structural disorders of the ileal pouch.

Background: Computerized tomography enterography (CTE), gastrograffin enema (GGE), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pouch endoscopy (PES) have commonly been used to assess ileal pouch disorders. However, their diagnostic utility has not been systematically evaluated. The aims of this study were to compare these imaging techniques to each other and to optimize diagnosis of pouch disorders by using a combination of these diagnostic modalities. Methods: Clinical data of patients from the Pouchitis Clinic from 2003 to 2008 who had a PES and at least 1 additional imaging modalities (CTE, GGE, or MRI) used for evaluation of ileal pouch disorders were retrospectively evaluated. We analyzed the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) with which these tests were able diagnose pouch inlet and distal small bowel and pouch outlet strictures, pouch fistulas, sinuses, and leaks. Subsequently, accuracy was recalculated by combining 2 imaging modalities to see if this could enhance accuracy. Results: A total of 66 patients underwent evaluation with PES and 1 other imaging modality as follows: PES + CTE (n = 23), PES + GGE (n = 34), and PES + MRI (n = 26). The mean age was 41.5 ± 14.5 years, with 28 being female (42.4%). Sixty patients (90.9%) had J pouches and 59 (89.4%) had a preoperative diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Overall, CTE, GGE, MRI, and PES all had reasonable accuracy for the diagnosis of small bowel and inlet strictures (73.9%–95.4%), outlet strictures (87.9%–92.3%), fistula (76.9%–84.8%), sinus (68.0%–93.9%), and pouch leak (83–93.9%). CTE had the lowest accuracy for small bowel and inlet strictures (73.9%) and MRI had the lowest accuracy for pouch sinus (68.0%). Combining 2 imaging tests can increase the accuracy of diagnosis to 100% for strictures, fistulas, sinus, and pouch leaks. Conclusions: CTE, GGE, MRI, and PES offer complementary information on disorders of the pouch and the combination of these tests increases diagnostic accuracy for complex cases. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010)
Why Unnatural? The Tradition behind Romans 1:26–27

In his discussion of Romans 1:26–27, Robin Scroggs raised two important questions which have been the subject of much debate since the publication of his 1983 book. One is the question of why this passage mentions women at all in its remarks concerning same-sex acts. Scroggs commented:Since there are no Old Testament laws prohibiting female homosexuality, why does Paul include it here? If Paul is dependent on a preformed tradition for these two verses, he of course found it in that tradition. Why the tradition included it is a question to which I see no answer.
Accurate prediction of substrate parasitics in heavily doped CMOS processes using a calibrated boundary element solver

This paper presents an automated methodology for calibrating the doping profile and accurately predicting substrate parasitics with boundary element solvers. The technique requires fabrication of only a few test structures and results in an accurate three-layered approximation of a heavily doped epitaxial silicon substrate. Using this approximation, the extracted substrate resistances are accurate to within 10% of measurements. The calibrated parasitic extractor results in good agreement between simulations and measurements for substrate noise coupling in fabricated test circuits.
Increased physical activity and reduced adiposity in overweight Hispanic adolescents

BYRD-WILLIAMS, C. E., B. R. BELCHER, D. SPRUIJT-METZ, J. N. DAVIS, E. E. VENTURA, L. KELLY, K. BERHANE, S. AZEN, and M. I. GORAN. Increased Physical Activity and Reduced Adiposity in Overweight Hispanic Adolescents. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 478–484, 2010. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to examine 1) whether changes in total physical activity (PA; counts per minute, cpm) and time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) are associated with changes in adiposity and 2) whether energy intake influences the relationship between changes in PA and changes in adiposity in overweight Hispanic adolescents. Methods: Analysis included 38 overweight (body mass index, 985th percentile) Hispanic adolescents with complete pretest and posttest data on relevant variables after participating in a 16-wk intervention. The intervention treatment did not influence PA, so the sample was combined and the randomization group was adjusted for in the analysis. Body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, 7-d PA by accelerometry, and dietary intake by 3-d diet records were assessed before and after intervention. Results: Within individuals, the mean increase of PA (n = 19) and mean decrease of PA (n = 19) was approximately 105 cpm. A 100-cpm increase in total PA was associated with a decrease of 1.3 kg of fat mass and 0.8% body fat after adjusting for pretest adiposity, PA, age, sex, and treatment (P G 0.05). Controlling for energy intake modestly strengthened the relationships between total PA and fat mass and percent body fat. Changes in MVPA were not related to changes in adiposity after controlling for total PA (P 9 0.05). Conclusions: Increasing total PA by 28% (100 cpm) was associated with a decrease of 1.4 kg of fat mass and 1% body fat for 16 wk in overweight Hispanic adolescents independent of intervention group assignment. Increases in total PA, compared with MVPA, may be sufficient to improve body
In situ synthesis and integration of polymer electrolytes in nanostructured electrodes for photovoltaic applications

The conventional dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is limited by the use of a liquid electrolyte that is prone to leakage and evaporation. Efforts to replace the liquid with a solid equivalent have been met with difficulties in penetrating the mesoporous TiO2 nanostructured photoanode with liquid processing, particularly for photoanode layer thickness greater than 2 μm. Here, initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is successfully applied to directly synthesize and fill the pores of the mesoporous TiO2 network of up to 12 μm thickness with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) polymer electrolyte. Comparing with equivalent liquid electrolyte cells, DSSCs integrated with PHEMA polymer electrolyte showed consistently higher open circuit voltage, which is attributed to a decrease in electron recombination with the redox couple at the electrode-electrolyte interface.
CTXφ Infection of Vibrio cholerae Requires the tolQRA Gene Products

CTXf is a lysogenic filamentous bacteriophage that encodes cholera toxin. Filamentous phages that infect Escherichia coli require both a pilus and the products of tolQRA in order to enter host cells. We have previously shown that toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), a type IV pilus that is an essential Vibrio cholerae intestinal colonization factor, serves as a receptor for CTXf. To test whether CTXf also depends upon tol gene products to infect V. cholerae, we identified and inactivated the V. cholerae tolQRAB orthologues. The predicted amino acid sequences of V. cholerae TolQ, TolR, TolA, and TolB showed significant similarity to the corresponding E. coli sequences. V. cholerae strains with insertion mutations in tolQ, tolR ,o rtolA were reduced in their efficiency of CTXf uptake by 4 orders of magnitude, whereas a strain with an insertion mutation in tolB showed no reduction in CTXf entry. We could detect CTXf infection of TCP 2 V. cholerae, albeit at very low frequencies.
Levy and set theory

Azriel Levy (1934–) did fundamental work in set theory when it was transmuting into a modern, sophisticated field of mathematics, a formative period of over a decade straddling Cohen’s 1963 founding of forcing. The terms “Levy collapse”, “Levy hierarchy”, and “Levy absoluteness” will live on in set theory, and his technique of relative constructibility and connections established between forcing and definability will continue to be basi ct ot he subject. What follows is a detailed account and analysis of Levy’s work and contributions to set theory. c
Who Is Supporting Homeless Youth?: Predictors of Support in Personal Networks

Homeless youth lack the traditional support networks of their housed peers, which increases their risk for poor health outcomes. Using a multilevel dyadic analytic approach, this study identified characteristics of social contacts, relationships, and social networks associated with the provision of tangible and emotional support to homeless youth (N = 419, M age = 20.09, SD = 2.80). Support providers were likely to be family members, sex-partners, or non-street based contacts. The provision of support was also associated with contacts’ employment and homelessness status, frequency of contact, shared risk behaviors, and the number of network members that were homeless and employed. The results provide insights into how homeless youth could be assisted to develop more supportive social networks.
EPR linewidths in an unusual copper chloride chain system

Abstract The EPR linewidths in [(CH 3 ) 2 CHNH 3 ] 2 CuCl 4 have been measured at 78 K. The salt contains two types of structurally and magnetically inequivalent chains. Each chain can be visuallized as a narrow ribbon cut from the two dimensional (RNH 3 ) 2 CuCl 4 structures. The EPR g values are consistent with the structural characteristics of each chain. The linewidths are influenced by anisotropic and antisymmetric exchange, and also exhibit low dimensional spin diffusion behavior. The symmetry axis of the diffusional behavior is normal to the plane of the ribbon, implying that the spin correlations in the ribbons are two dimensional in nature.
A Nonsymmetric Compliance Matrix Approach to Nonlinear Multimodulus Orthotropic Materials

Multimodulus materials have moduli or stiffnesses under tension loading which are different from those under compression loading. Several approaches to their analysis have been suggested recently. Most of these approaches are based on the hypothesis that the compliance matrix in the strain-stress relations must be symmetric. Jones makes the matrix symmetric by weighting the tension compliances and the compression compliances on the basis of the proportion of tensile and compressive stresses. Isabekyan and Khachatryan determine very severe restrictions under which a multimodulus material has a symmetric compliance matrix in all coordinate systems. However, the Jones weighted compliance matrix approach cannot be derived from basic principles. Moreover, the Isabekyan and Khachatryan restricted compliance matrix approach is not realistic because the properties of known multimodulus materials do not satisfy their restrictions. The purpose of this paper is to relax the previously held requirement of compliance matrix symmetry to see whether suitable agreement can be obtained between predicted and measured strain response of ATJ-S graphite to mixed tension and compression loading under plane stress conditions.