cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Evaluation of Pickled Processing Characteristicsof Different Varieties of Radish

By the seven varieties of radish as experimental materials, processing characteristics experiment of radish pickled. Analysis of single characteristic evaluation, then using thegrey correlation degree analysis method for comprehensive evaluation analysis. Variety characteristics of radish processing are total sugar content, reducing sugar content, crude fiber content, vitamin C content, protein content, moisture content, total acid content and changes,yield, etc. The results show that, Cuiyu09A/Bilv is the largestgrey correlation degree with "reference variety", the best comprehensive properties, the most suitable for processing. While the white radish, Chao09A/0214 has the best comprehensive characteristics, having good market prospects. In this experiment, suitable for radish pickled varieties ranked as Cuiyu09A/Bilv, Chao09A/0214, C062A/60 zao, C8511A/0214, C5116A/60 Zao, 60 Zao, Luluo No.5.
Research and Development of River Information Publishing System Based on ArcIMS

It presents Yellow River Information Publishing System based on ArcTMS.The system provides the river state information which includes the natural geography,social economy,exploitation and renovation,the infrastructure of geographic information systerm,etc.It describes in detail the system design and structure and discusses ArcIMS user-terminal techniques based on HTML and JavaScript.
SU-F-T-277: Using Dose Weighted Mean Effective Depth to Improve Accuracy of Secondary MU Calculation for VMAT Plans

Purpose: In commercial secondary dose calculation system, an average effective depth is used to calculate the Monitor Units for an arc beam from the volumetric modulated arc (VMAT) plans. Typically, an arithmetic mean of the effective depths (AMED) of a VMAT arc beam is used, which may result in large MU discrepancy from that of the primary treatment planning system. This study is to demonstrate the use of a dose weighted mean effective depth (DWED) can improve accuracy of MU calculation for the secondary MU verification. Methods: In-house scripts were written in the primary treatment planning system (TPS) to first convert a VMAT arc beam to a series of static step & shoot beams (every 4 degree). The computed dose and effective depth of each static beam were then used to obtain the dose weighted mean effective depth (DWED) for the VMAT beam. The DWED was used for the secondary MU calculation for VMAT plans. Six lung SBRT VMAT plans, eight head and neck VMAT plans and ten prostate VMAT plans that had > 5% MU deviations (failed MU verification) using the AMED method were recalculated with the DWED. For comparison, same number VMAT plans that had < 5% MU deviations (passed MU verification) using AMED method were also reevaluated with the dose weighted mean effective depth method. Results: For MU verification passed plans, the mean and standard deviation of MU differences between the TPS and the secondary calculation program were 2.2%±1.5% for the AMED and 2.1%±1.7% for the DMED method. For the failed plans, the mean and standard deviation of MU differences of TPS to the secondary calculation program were 9.9%±4.7% and 4.7%±2.6, respectively. Conclusion: The dose weighted mean effective depth improved MU calculation accuracy which can be used for the pre-treatment MU verification of VMAT plans.
Wages, Productivity and Industrialization

This discussion is oriented toward an economy in which economic growth is accelerating significantly. In particular, there is a rapid growth of manufacturing, power, transportation and other modern industries. The agricultural sector, still dominant, is beginning to shrink in relative terms. The economy is creeping over the threshold of economic development.
Introduction to Learning Management Systems

Formal university-based distance education has been around for over 100 years. For example, Cornell University established the Correspondence University in 1882, and Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts in New York was awarding degrees via correspondence courses in 1883 (Nasseh, 1997). Soon many other educational institutions, including the University of Chicago, Penn State University, Yale University, and Johns Hopkins University were offering these non-traditional learning options for their students. With the entry of the personal computer into homes and workplaces in the 1980s, learning started to become more technologydriven. However, it was not until the 1990s, with the proliferation of the World Wide Web, that the concept of technology-enhanced education began to change drastically. E-learning has become the most recent trend in technology-enhanced education. Learning program and materials are hosted and available online, allowing students to learn, interact, and even earn degrees in the comfort of their own homes. Learning materials are being made available electronically not only by educational institutions, but by employers, businesses, and individuals. A Learning Circuits survey found that 81.7% organizations use some sort of learning management system (Ellis, 2005). However, e-learning is not just for distance education. Just-in-time access (or anytime access) to learning materials for both formal and informal learning is transforming the training and educational fields. Anyone with Web space can now make learning materials available to a worldwide audience.
Positive associations between galectin-3 and PSA levels in prostate cancer patients: a prospective clinical study-I.

// Kosei Nakajima 1,2,* , Lance K. Heilbrun 1,3,* , Victor Hogan 1,2 , Daryn Smith 1,3 , Elisabeth Heath 1 and Avraham Raz 1,2 1 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA 2 Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA 3 Biostatistics Core, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA * Authors share equal credit Correspondence to: Avraham Raz, email: // Elisabeth Heath, email: // Keywords : galectin-3, PSA, autoantibody, diagnostic biomarker, prostate cancer Received : August 17, 2016 Accepted : September 20, 2016 Published : October 12, 2016 Abstract Galectin-3 (Gal-3), an oncogenic pro-inflammatory protein, has been suggested as a possible complementary diagnostic candidate to prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test for prostate cancer patients. The presence of the proteins in the circulation (biomarkers) may elicit an intrinsic humoral immune reaction by generating autoantibodies, which consequently could alter the detection levels. Here, we report the associations of the two prostate cancer biomarkers, Gal-3 and PSA in patients at different clinical states of prostate cancer while taking into account the autoantibody levels. A blind, prospective, single institution, pilot study was conducted. A total of 95 men were classified into 5 groups: healthy controls (Group1), newly diagnosed patients (Group2), no recurrence after local therapy (Group3), rising PSA after local therapy (Group4), and metastatic patients (Group5). Gal-3 and PSA level were divided by their respective autoantibodies, which yielded relative PSA and relative Gal-3 levels. After the adjustments, Spearman’s rank correlations and linear regression modeling revealed the positive associations between relative Gal-3 and relative PSA levels among all 95 men combined (rho = 0.446, P < 0.0001; fitted slope 0.448, P < 0.0001), in Group2 (rho = 0.616, P = 0.0050; fitted slope 0.438, P =0.0011), and Group3 (rho = 0.484, P = 0.0360; fitted slope 0.470, P = 0.0187). The data show positive associations of relative Gal-3 and relative PSA levels in prostate cancer patients, notably at early clinical time course. Allowing for the influence of autoantibodies, Gal-3 level might be considered as a potential biomarker since it is positively associated with PSA level.
Mitochondrial ROS, uncoupled from ATP synthesis, determine endothelial activation for both physiological recruitment of patrolling cells and pathological recruitment of inflammatory cells.

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are signaling molecules, which drive inflammatory cytokine production and T cell activation. In addition, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and autoimm...
Breaking Bad in Business Education Impacts on Student Incivility and Academic Dishonesty

The present study examines instructors’ attempts to increase student satisfaction through what we predict to be destructive communication tactics. Results indicate that business majors reported bei...
Minimally invasive surgery for small breast cancer: Commentary

Background and Methods: So-called minimally invasive techniques make percutaneous eradication of breast tumors possible, thus leading to breast-conserving treatment (BCT) without surgery. This paper reviews and discusses the feasibility of minimally invasive techniques for breast cancer. Results: Although a wide variety of ablation techniques have been investigated for the treatment of primary breast cancer, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) remains one of the most promising and potentially useful tools. RFA therapy results in effective cell killing in a predictable volume of tissue with a low complication rate. On the other hand, ultrasonography is useful for guiding the needle within the tumor but cannot predict the extent of thermal ablation accurately. Early post-procedural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be useful for assessing whether complete tumor ablation has been achieved by RFA. Whether adequate ablation of the tumor has been achieved can be confirmed by extensive core needle sampling of the treated area. However, validation of the margin status is also important and this needs to be tackled in further studies. Conclusions: There are many problems that remain before RFA therapy can be considered for conventional treatment. Further studies are needed to determine whether the use of RFA alone for local treatment of primary breast cancer will result in local recurrence and survival rates equivalent to those seen with BCT.
The Impostor Syndrome [A.K.A. 'Fake It Until You Make It']: A Case Study

Individuals who have the impostor syndrome have an inability to internalize their achievements, and live in fear of being exposed as a fraud. This paper provides an overview of the syndrome and discusses a case study of an individual who has the syndrome.
Greater Than the Mystery of Death: Rewriting Oscar Wilde for Young Audiences

Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Oscar Wilde’s works frequently have been rewritten for the young-adult and children’s markets. In some cases, this has resulted in stories inspired by Wilde’s fiction and plays, but only tangentially related to them; in other cases, the relationship to the originals has been much closer. Often, these new versions have involved not merely simplification and over-emphasis on teaching moral lessons (as well as vocabulary lessons), but censorship, especially of the homoerotic elements in Wilde’s creations. Many of these adaptations too have been accompanied by mini-biographies of Wilde that either remain silent about his sexuality or that focus solely on his punishment for “gross indecency,” without explaining what that meant and without mentioning his romantic attachments to men. At the same time, there has been no full-length life of Wilde produced for young audiences—nothing that would allow young readers to connect emotionally or identify with him.
APT-MCMC, a C++/Python implementation of Markov Chain Monte Carlo for parameter identification.

Abstract The inverse problem associated with fitting parameters of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system to data is nonlinear and multimodal, which is of great challenge to gradient-based optimizers. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques provide an alternative approach to solving these problems and can escape local minima by design. APT-MCMC was created to allow users to setup ODE simulations in Python and run as compiled C++ code. It combines affine-invariant ensemble of samplers and parallel tempering MCMC techniques to improve the simulation efficiency. Simulations use Bayesian inference to provide probability distributions of parameters, which enable analysis of multiple minima and parameter correlation. Benchmark tests result in a 20×–60× speedup but 14% increase in memory usage against emcee, a similar MCMC package in Python. Several MCMC hyperparameters were analyzed: number of temperatures, ensemble size, step size, and swap attempt frequency. Heuristic tuning guidelines are provided for setting these hyperparameters.
Cerebrovascular disorders in childhood.

Abstract Cerebrovascular problems in childhood include diverse problems of vascular supply to the brain and occur with an overall frequency of from 5 to 8/100 000 children/year. Signs and symptoms at manifestation are manifold. They depend not only on localization of the infarction but also on age at injury and specific risk factors. Acute arterial ischemic insult in neonates is oligosymptomatic (short-lasting seizures); hemiparesis is the most common symptom in children. Risk factors are multiple for both neonates and children, with more thromboembolic events in neonates and (infection-related) vasculopathies or cardiac problems in children. MRI (diffusion weighted) is the golden standard for diagnosis. In the absence of evidence for treatment in both groups, guidelines suggest use of platelet aggregation. There are some special indications for anticoagulation. Thrombolysis should be evaluated. Two-thirds of children and neonates face lifelong neurological and neuropsychological problems. Spinal artery ischemia presents with acute spinal symptoms, mostly paraplegia. Risk factors and prognosis are similar to cerebral insults. Sinus venous thromboses are significantly less common. Provoking factors in newborns are mainly neonatal problems, and in children infections, especially in the ENT region. For diagnosis the delta sign in CT is less sensitive than MR/MR venography. In the absence of any evidence, LMWH or heparinization for 3–6 months are recommended. Prognosis is better in children than in neonates. Deep vein thrombosis and/or young age worsen the outcome.
Art and Objectivity

The search for an objective method of inquiry and the development of a comprehensive theory of semiotic form the core of Peirce’s work. This paper proposes that these two aspects are complementary and may be interrelated in such a way as to provide the potential for an aesthetic theory capable of revealing that which is objective in art. Although Peirce did not consider himself to be an authority on the arts, he frequently used works of art and the process of appreciating art for explicating particular ideas, and he numbered among his acquaintances several distinguished American artists. This paper will not be concerned with establishing his merit as an art critic, but will be addressing the possibility of using his theories to achieve an understanding of art which he might have foreseen but did not specifically pursue.
Understanding emergency response: lessons learned from the helping literature

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the need for collaboration between two areas of research: classical psychological helping behaviours and emergency warnings. A large-scale disaster (i.e., the Chicago Heat Wave) is used throughout the paper as an example in which knowledge of the helping behaviour literature could have assisted emergency responders. The emergency warning literature is reviewed within the context of people heeding the warnings and deciding to share the information with others. Developments in the helping literature are reviewed, along with a final summary of key lessons from this area of experimental research that can help answer questions for future emergency responders. With a better understanding of experimental findings in the area of prosocial behaviours, emergency managers may be better able to assist their communities. Likewise, a greater collaboration between these two fields may lead to more research with the intent of improving emergency response.
Screening a small molecule library to identify inhibitors of NF-κB inducing kinase and pro-labor genes in human placenta

The non-canonical NF-κB signaling (RelB/p52) pathway drives pro-labor genes in the human placenta, including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), making this a potential therapeutic target to delay onset of labor. Here we sought to identify small molecule compounds from a pre-existing chemical library of orally active drugs that can inhibit this NF-κB signaling, and in turn, human placental CRH and COX-2 production. We used a cell-based assay coupled with a dual-luciferase reporter system to perform an in vitro screening of a small molecule library of 1,120 compounds for inhibition of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. Cell toxicity studies and drug efflux transport MRP1 assays were used to further characterize the lead compounds. We have found that 14 drugs have selective inhibitory activity against lymphotoxin beta complex-induced activation of RelB/p52 in HEK293T cells, several of which also inhibited expression of CRH and COX-2 in human term trophoblast. We identified sulfapyridine and propranolol with activity against CRH and COX-2 that deserve further study. These drugs could serve as the basis for development of orally active drugs to affect length of gestation, first in an animal model, and then in clinical trials to prevent preterm birth during human pregnancy.
Biofilm in Infective Endocarditis and Clinical Implications

There has been a growing recognition of the concept that biofilm formation is important in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis (IE). Microbes causing IE have the ability to colonize the cardiac structures and develop biofilms, thereby protecting themselves against antibiotics and host defenses, facilitating invasion and tissue destruction and resulting in persistent and relapsing infections. In this review, we present the available evidence and clinical implications of biofilm role in IE.
Benevolent Patriot: The Life and Times of Henry Rutgers—Part Three: Back Home, 1783–1800

After returning home to his despoiled property, Henry Rutgers cautiously rebuilt the family fortune during the economic malaise of the 1780s. He was initially swept into office on the wave of patriotic, anti-loyalist sentiment, but later as an Antifederalist and Jeffersonian Republican he both won and lost elections to the Federalists. Capitalizing on the shrewd economic decisions of his forbears and the burgeoning population of the metropolis, by the 1790s Rutgers was a successful developer, landlord, and entrepreneur, which laid the foundation for his future philanthropic endeavors. He continued to be involved in the affairs of his community, his city, and his state.
Family Matters: The Role of 'Family Ties and Responsibilities' in Sentencing

This Note assesses the role of family circumstances in sentencing, looking at the ways judges consider defendants' families before and after U.S. v. Booker, the seminal case that rendered the Sentencing Guidelines advisory. This Note considers the problems that Booker solved alongside the problems that still persist, and explores a possible solution to remaining tensions with regard to sentencing based on family circumstances. Booker did not ultimately help sentencing judges deal with families in the way many thought it might. To the contrary, Booker generated disparate results in family-related sentencing that undermine the overarching goals of sentencing. This Note posits that sentencing judges would benefit from additional formal guidance with regard to defendants' families and offers a proposal that draws on family law principles.
Fault Protection Scheme for DC Nanogrids Based on the Coordination of Fault-Insensitive Power Electronic Interfaces and Contactors

DC microgrids can lead to a better integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) than AC microgrids. DC nanogrids typically include a number of DERs in close proximity. Various power balance and energy management schemes have been developed, but fault protection still remains an issue for DC nanogrids. This paper discusses the realization of a fault detection and isolation scheme based on the coordination of fault-insensitive power electronic interfaces and low-cost contactors. It is based on “local branch current sensing” and peer-to-peer communication to identify which segment of the DC nanogrid is faulted and which contactor should open. In order to employ low cost/current contactors, following the detection of a fault, the DERs should decrease the injected current to a value low enough for safe action of the contactors. For that, a fault-insensitive current controller power electronics interface as discussed in this paper is needed. Experimental results with power electronics interfaces operating with DC Bus Signaling (DBS) and a CAN communication scheme are presented.
Pediatric complex care and surgery comanagement: Preparation for spinal fusion:

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of preoperative comanagement with complex care pediatricians (CCP) on children with neuromuscular scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion. We performed chart review of 79 children aged 5-21 years undergoing spinal fusion 1/2014-6/2016 at a children's hospital, with abstraction of clinical documentation from preoperative health evaluations performed regularly by anesthesiologists and irregularly by a CCP. Preoperative referrals to specialists, labs, tests, and care plans needed last minute for surgical clearance were measured. The mean age at surgery was 14 (SD 3) years; cerebral palsy (64%) was the most common neuromuscular condition. Thirty-nine children (49%) had a preoperative CCP evaluation a median 63 days (interquartile range (IQR) 33-156) before the preanesthesia visit. Children with CCP evaluation had more organ systems affected by coexisting conditions than children without an evaluation (median 11 (IQR 9-12) vs. 8 (IQR 5-11); p < .001). The rate of last-minute care coordination activities required for surgical clearance was lower for children with versus without CCP evaluation (1.8 vs. 3.6). A lower percentage of children with CCP evaluation required last-minute development of new preoperative plans (26% vs. 50%, p = .002). Children with CCP involvement were better prepared for surgery, requiring fewer last-minute care coordination activities for surgical clearance.
The 04 – 10 September 2017 Sun–Earth Connection Events: Solar Flares, Coronal Mass Ejections/Magnetic Clouds, and Geomagnetic Storms

In early September 2017, a series of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) erupted from the Sun. The Cor2a coronagraph, a unit of the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI), onboard the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)-A spacecraft recorded two Sun–Earth-directed CMEs on 4 September (referred to as CME04) and 6 September (referred to as CME06). A few days later, the Wind spacecraft ( ${\approx}\,212.4$ solar radii: $\mathrm{R}_{\odot}$ ) recorded two interplanetary shocks, presumably driven by CME04 and CME06, at ${\approx}\,22\mbox{:}41~\mbox{UT}$ on 06 September 2017 (referred to as Shock06) and at ${\approx}\,22\mbox{:}48~\mbox{UT}$ on 07 September 2017 (referred to as Shock07), respectively. The travel time of the CME04/Shock06 [ $\Delta t_{\text{shock-CME@18R}\odot}$ ] and CME06/Shock07 from $18~\mathrm{R}_{\odot}$ to the Wind spacecraft was 41.52 hours and 32.47 hours, respectively. The propagating speed [ $V_{\mathrm{CME}}$ ] of the CME04 and CME06 at ${\approx}\,18~\mathrm{R}_{\odot}$ was determined with SECCHI/Cor2a as ${\approx}\,886~\mbox{km}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}$ and ${\approx}\,1368~\mbox{km}\,\mbox{s}^{-1}$ , respectively. Assuming a constant velocity after $18~\mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ , the estimated $\Delta t_{\text{shock-CME@18R}\odot}$ is 42.45 and 27.5 hours for CME04 and CME06, respectively. This simple estimate of the CME propagation speed provides a satisfactory result for the CME04 event (error ${\approx}\,2.3\%$ ) but not for the CME06 event (error ${\approx}\,15.3\%$ ). The second event, CME06, was delayed further due to an interaction with the preceding event (CME04). It is suggested that the CME speed estimated near the Sun with coronagraph images can be a good estimator for the interplanetary CME (ICME) transit time when there is no pre-event. A three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation is performed to address this issue by providing a panoramic view of the entire process not available from the observations. A southward interplanetary magnetic field [ $B_{\mathrm{s}}$ ] increased sharply to −31.6 nT on 7 September at Wind, followed by a severe geomagnetic storm ( $\mathrm{Dst} = -124~\mbox{nT}$ ). The sharp increase of the IMF [ $B_{\mathrm{s}}$ ] was a result of the interaction between Shock07 and the driver of Shock06 (CME04). This study suggests that a severe geomagnetic storm can be caused by the interaction between a MC, with an impinging IP shock from behind, and the Earth’s magnetosphere. The intensity of a geomagnetic storm will likely be stronger for an event associated with ICME–ICME interaction than for a geomagnetic event caused by only a single ICME.
Yoga for seniors: understanding their beliefs and barriers to participation

Yoga has been found to provide numerous health benefits to older adults including preventing or slowing physical frailty and subsequent functional limitations. The purpose of this study was to exam...
Historical Changes in the Vegetated Area of Salt Marshes

Salt marshes are valuable ecosystems, and there is concern that increases in the rate of sea level rise along with anthropogenic activities are leading to the loss of vegetated habitat. The area of vegetated marsh can change not only through advance and retreat of the open fetch edge, but also due to channel widening and contracting, formation and drainage of interior ponds, formation and revegetation of interior mud flats, and marsh migration onto upland areas, each of which is influenced by different processes. This study used historical aerial photographs to measure changes in the extent of vegetated marsh over approximately 70 years at study marshes located in three long-term ecological research (LTER) sites along the US East coast: Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE), Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR), and Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE). Marsh features were categorized into vegetated marsh, ponds, interior mud flats, and channels for three time periods at each site. The three sites showed different patterns of change in vegetated marsh extent over time. At the GCE study site, losses in vegetated marsh, which were primarily due to channel widening, were largely offset by channel contraction in other areas, such that there was little to no net change over the study period. The study marsh at VCR experienced extensive vegetated marsh loss to interior mud flat expansion, which occurred largely in low-lying areas. However, this loss was counterbalanced by marsh gain due to migration onto the upland, resulting in a net increase in vegetated marsh area over time. Vegetated marsh at PIE decreased over time due to losses from ponding, channel widening, and erosion at the open fetch marsh edge. Digital elevation models revealed that the vegetated areas of the three marshes were positioned at differing elevations relative to the tidal frame, with PIE at the highest and VCR at the lowest elevation. Understanding the patterns of vegetation loss and gain at a given site provides insight into what factors are important in controlling marsh dynamics and serves as a guide to potential management actions for marsh protection.
Nicotine addiction: Translational insights from circuit neuroscience

Contemporary neuroscience aims to understand how neuronal activity produces internal processes and observable behavioral states. This aim crucially depends on systems-level, circuit-based analyses of the working brain, as behavioral states arise from information flow and connectivity within and between discrete and overlapping brain regions, forming circuits and networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offers a key to advance circuit neuroscience; fMRI measures inter and intra- regional circuits at behaviorally relevant spatial-temporal resolution. Herein, we argue that cross-sectional observations in human populations can be best understood via mechanistic and causal insights derived from brain circuitry obtained from preclinical fMRI models. Using nicotine addiction as an exemplar of a circuit-based substance use disorder, we review fMRI-based observations of a circuit that was first shown to be disrupted among human smokers and was recently replicated in rodent models of nicotine dependence. Next, we discuss circuits that predispose to nicotine dependence severity and their interaction with circuits that change as a result of chronic nicotine administration using a rodent model of dependence. Data from both clinical and preclinical fMRI experiments argue for the utility of fMRI studies in translation and reverse translation of a circuit-based understanding of brain disease states. We conclude by discussing the future of circuit neuroscience and functional neuroimaging as an essential bridge between animal models and human populations to the understanding of brain function in health and disease.
Grass(stage)root movement to ensure future resilience of longleaf pine ecosystems

Recent interest in restoring longleaf pine ecosystems highlights the need for an improved understanding, appreciation, and consideration of longleaf pine’s unique life history compared to other southern pines. Longleaf pine ecosystems are considered more resilient than other southern pine ecosystems and the attributes that confer this resilience may be related to belowground carbon allocation patterns that occur during the seedling stage of its life history where it exists for years in a grass stage. The long residence time spent in the grass stage has impeded adoption of longleaf pine by landowners for decades, which has resulted in efforts to expedite emergence from the grass stage through silviculture, nursery production, and selection breeding techniques; however, expedited emergence may come at the expense of root and belowground carbohydrate storage reserve development—traits that purportedly enhance longleaf pine tree and ecosystem resilience relative to other southern pine species. Here, I caution that efforts to expedite longleaf pine emergence from the grass stage also consider the potential implications on belowground carbon allocation and identify research priorities to help facilitate the improvement of longleaf pine seedling silviculture, nursery production, and breeding in a way that ensures the maintenance of attributes linked to resilience.
Axial Flux Interior Permanent Magnet Motor with a Novel Symmetric Flux Barrier

Compared to the conventional surface mounted motor structure in the rotor, an axial flux interior permament magnet motor (AFIPM) can generate more reluctance torque with its sophisticated flux barrier structure. However, for a double stator single rotor (DSSR) structure, an asymmetric flux barrier structure can generate an unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) in the rotor. In this study, the design comcept and optimization approach of a DSSR AFIPM with a symmetric flux barrier has been described. Based on a benchmark model, an initial design of the AFIPM has been done. The proposed structure has a single layer “H” shaped flux barrier in the rotor. The optimization is performed for both benchmark and symmetric structures by using a Taguchi method based approach. Finally, result comparison of benchmark and optimized designs have been done. This study indicates that the optimized AFIPM can be a cheaper alternative in terms of electromagnetic performance and magnet volume.
Revealed Bayesian Expected Utility with Limited Data

This paper studies when stochastic choices are consistent with behavior from Bayesian expected utility maximization and information acquisition. This is a limited dataset since other characterization require state-dependent stochastic choice data. The conditions that characterize this behavior are similar to the Wald-Bernheim-Pearce lemma and essentially requires that there is no random deviation rule that improves ex-ante expected utility for all possible information structures consistent with the observed stochastic choices. I extend the result to place bounds on an unknown prior and facilitate welfare comparisons in the presence of framing. These bounds are computable via linear programming.
Statistical analysis of attitude scale scores

(1969). Statistical analysis of attitude scale scores. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 434-436.
Combinatorics and Probability

The last chapter of the book is divided into two parts: combinatorics and probability. The combinatorics part contains subchapters on combinatorics of sets, combinatorial geometry, graph theory, with a discussion of Euler’s formula and Ramsey theory, and a subchapter on binomial coefficients and counting methods, among which the method of generating functions and the inclusion-exclusion principle. The chapter ends with a discussion of techniques for computing probabilities, and a section on geometric probabilities.
Optimizing Flocculator Power Input

The effect of the intensity and duration of the mixing used during and immediately following coagulant addition (initial mixing), the mixing intensity used for flocculation, the alum coagulant dose, and the length of the flocculation period on residual turbidity after sedimentation were studied using a laboratory jar test-type procedure. For a given flocculation period, T, there is an optimum G value, G*, corresponding to a minimum residual turbidity. The use of G* optimizes the power input to the flocculation basin. The product (G*)²\u.\u8T, in which G is in sec\u-¹ and T is in minutes is equal to 4.9 x 10\u5, 1.9 x 10\u5 and 0.7 x 10\u5 for alum doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/l respectively. The product (G*)²\u.\u8T is not a function of the initial mix conditions. The minimum residual turbidity decreases as the flocculation period, T, increases; however, the rate of decrease diminishes after a flocculation period of approx. 20 min.
Synaptic [Ca2+]: Intracellular Stores Spill Their Guts

A critical role of Ca2+ in neuronal signaling is to couple electrical excitation to the activation of intracellular enzymes and signal transduction cascades. Presynaptically, action potential–mediated calcium influx releases neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals. Postsynaptically, calcium ions play a crucial role in the induction of most forms of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), the putative cellular mechanisms of learning and memory; Ca2+ is required to regulate postsynaptic enzymes that trigger rapid modifications of synaptic strength and also to activate transcription factors that facilitate long-term maintenance of these modifications. How can a single second messenger system encode all of these functions with any kind of specificity? The answer is thought to lie in the details: with differences in amplitude, localization, and time course, different Ca2+ signals will carry very different biochemical meanings for the cell.
Chapter 21 – Human Data: What Do We Know about Febrile Seizures and What Further Information Is Needed

Publisher Summary There is substantial evidence that susceptibility to febrile seizures has a genetic component. This chapter highlights the fact that animal models of febrile seizures have used hyperthermia to induce seizures. Hyperthermia clearly does produce seizures in the appropriate developmental window. There are fewer consensuses on complex febrile seizures, though many authorities feel that the optimal treatment is abortive therapy, which prevents the occurrence of status epilepticus. It is evident that the existence of treatments that do not simply suppress seizures but prevent epilepsy significantly alter the risk–benefit analysis. The cause of the febrile illness may influence not only whether a febrile seizure occurs but also its duration and whether it results in hippocampal injury. Older studies focused on the risk of epilepsy following febrile seizures and did not specifically analyze the epilepsy syndrome. Both human and animal data indicate that at least transient injury to hippocampus and related limbic structures can occur in individuals with prolonged febrile seizures.
Graphical presentation of designs: a knowledge intensive design approach

The basis of Knowledge Intensive CAD (KIC) is that “intensive life-cycle knowledge regarding products and design processes must be incorporated in the center of the CAD architecture.” We would like to extend this concept slightly by concentrating on the presentation of designs and design information to the designer. In this we argue that knowledge about some aspects of the design process must be included in the presentation phase of the CAD system. In addition we propose that presentation itself is a design process and give a description of this process.
A family intervention program for dual disorders.

Objective: To provide a rationale for working with families of clients with psychiatric and substance use disorder, and to describe a new program, family intervention for dual disorders (FIDD). Method: We developed and manualized the FIDD program, which includes both single-family and multiple-family group formats. We trained several clinicians at a local mental health center in the model and conducted a small pilot study. Results: Clinicians were able to implement the program, and to successfully engage families in treatment. Most clients demonstrated significant improvements in substance abuse over one to two years of treatment. Conclusions: The FIDD program is feasible and appears to promote collaboration between families and professionals, thereby improving the course of dual disorders. Controlled research is underway to evaluate the effects of the FIDD program on client and family outcomes.
Kinetics of sperm penetration into and the zona reaction of mouse ova inseminated in vitro.

The kinetics of capacitated epididymal sperm penetration into cumulus-intact and completely cumulus-free mouse ova were studied. Penetration was complete within two hours of insemination in cumulus-intact ova incubated with 2 × 105 sperm/ml, as evidenced by the attainment of constant values for the mean number of sperm/penetrated ovum. A reduction in sperm viability was not a factor in the cessation of zonae penetration, since high penetration levels were obtained when fresh ova were added to 3-hour inseminations containing “aged” sperm. With completely cumulus-free ova, capacitated sperm penetration was initiated between one and two hours post-insemination, and penetration levels increased over the entire 6-hour incubation period. Final penetration levels for cumulus-free ova were generally lower than for their intact counterparts. A constant value for the mean number of sperm/penetrated ovum was obtained after three hours of sperm exposure, indicating that the cumulus-free ovum also underwent a zona reaction. Similar results were observed when sperm were capacitated in the presence or absence of cumulus and/or epididymal components, suggesting that inadequate capacitation was not the causative agent in the altered penetration of cumulus-free ova. These results indicate that a zona reaction occurs in both ovum types, although in many cases only after multiple sperm penetration has occurred. In addition, evidence was obtained for a cumulus-dependent enhancement in the rate of sperm penetration which could not be related to a cumulus involvement in sperm capacitation.
Chemical modification of enzymes II. Conformational stability of cross-linked bovine pancreatic ribonuclease

Abstract Circular dichroism (CD) measurements on chemically modified bovine pancreatic ribonuclease reveal that these derivatives have a greater conformational stability against urea denaturation than the unmodified enzyme. No additional stability was observed upon intramolecular cross-linking of functional enzyme groups. In two different heat denaturation experiments the intramolecularly cross-linked derivatives of RNase show an increased stability up to temperatures of 60°C. Here, the substituted but non-cross-linked derivatives behave like native RNase. The homogeneity of the substituted and cross-linked RNase preparations was investigated by gel chromatography and isoelectric focusing.
Interfacing Research and Extension in Information Delivery Systems

One of the more recent computer applications in agricultural economics is the information delivery system. These systems are more than just another new "computer program" or "computer model." They are specially designed for computerized information delivery and analysis. The emergence of computerized information systems is having a profound impact on the conventional roles of extension and research economists. Traditional relationships between extension, research, and clientele groups are being altered. The way in which these relationships change is directly related to the type system developed and the implementation methodology utilized. In this regard, the profession is confronted by two important sets of issues: (a) the development and implementation of information systems, and (b) the interface between extension, research, and clientele groups.
Estimates of Root-Mean-Square Random Error for Finite Samples of Estimated Precipitation

The random errors contained in a finite set E of precipitation estimates result from both finite sampling and measurement‐algorithm effects. The expected root-mean-square random error associated with the estimated average precipitation in E is shown to be sr 5 r[(H 2 p)/pNI]1/2, where ris the space‐time-average precipitation estimate over E, H is a function of the shape of the probability distribution of precipitation (the nondimensional second moment), p is the frequency of nonzero precipitation in E, and NI is the number of independent samples in E. All of these quantities are variables of the space‐time-average dataset. In practice H is nearly constant and close to the value 1.5 over most of the globe. An approximate form of sr is derived that accommodates the limitations of typical monthly datasets, then it is applied to the microwave, infrared, and gauge precipitation monthly datasets from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project. As an aid to visualizing differences in sr for various datasets, a ‘‘quality index’’ is introduced. Calibration in a few locations with dense gauge networks reveals that the approximate form is a reasonable first step in estimating sr.
Public health: An agenda to promote Hispanic cardiovascular health.

The Hispanic population will grow to represent nearly one-third of residents in the USA by mid-century. A new AHA Science Advisory paper provides an overview of current evidence on cardiovascular disease in this population, including prevailing risk factors and specific clinical approaches for treatment, and predicts what insights future research might reveal.
Geometric Models and Compactness of Composition Operators

Abstract This work explores some of the terrain between functional equations, geometric function theory, and operator theory. It is inspired by the fact that whenever a composition operator or one of its powers is compact on the Hardy space H 2 , then its eigenfunctions cannot grow too quickly on the unit disc. The goal is to show that under certain natural (and necessary) additional conditions there is a converse: slow growth of eigenfunctions implies compactness. We interpret the slow-growth condition in terms of the geometry of the principal eigenfunction of the composition operator (the "Konigs function" of the inducing map). We emphasize throughout the importance of this eigenfunction in providing a simple geometric model for the operator′s inducing map.
Effect of microwave heating on leaching of lead from old ceramic dinnerware.

When samples of pre-1950s U.S.-made ceramic dinnerware, purchased in antique shops and flea markets, were filled with 4% acetic acid or 0.5% citric acid and heated in a microwave oven for 2-5 min, lead was leached in amounts of up to 5 mg per dish. Concentrations of lead in the leachates were not significantly correlated with, and could not be predicted from, concentrations in leachates measured during 24-h room temperature acid leaching tests. Unsafe lead concentrations (>3 microg/ ml) were found in microwave leachates of dishes with uranium-containing glazes, with copper-containing glazes, and with floral over-the-glaze decals. This evidence suggests that use of such dishes to microwave common foods could result in the ingestion of dangerously large amounts of lead.
Para-aortic node biopsy in cervical and endometrial cancers: Does it affect survival?☆

Two hundred ten patients with endometrial and cervical carcinoma had para-aortic node biopsies. Nineteen of the 210 patients (9.0%) had positive para-aortic nodes. These 19 patients received pelvic irradiation, and 18 patients received para-aortic irradiation. The incidence of para-aortic nodal involvement in cervical carcinoma was directly related to the stage of the disease. Eleven of the 12 patients with cervical carcinoma and positive para-aortic nodes received both pelvic and para-aortic irradiation. Three of these patients are alive without disease, resulting in a survival rate of 25%. These patients are surviving for 16, 30, and 41 months. The incidence of positive para-aortic nodes in endometrial adenocarcinoma was related to the uterine length and the histologic grade. The survival rate for patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma and positive para-aortic nodes in this study was 57.1%. Four patients have survived for 1, 30, 60, and 71 months. There were no surgical deaths or radiation therapy complications directly attributable to para-aortic biopsy or irradiation.
Salmeterol response is not affected by β2-adrenergic receptor genotype in subjects with persistent asthma

Background Recent studies suggest that there might be an association between albuterol use and worsening asthma in patients homozygous for arginine (Arg/Arg) at codon 16 of the β-receptor. However, it is not known whether similar responses occur in Arg/Arg patients receiving long-acting β 2 -agonists. Objective We sought to evaluate the effects of variation in the β 2 -adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) on clinical response to salmeterol administered with fluticasone propionate. Methods Subjects (n = 183) currently receiving short-acting β 2 -agonists were randomized to twice-daily therapy with salmeterol, 50 μg, administered with fluticasone propionate, 100 μg, in a single inhaler or daily therapy with montelukast for 12 weeks, followed by a 2- to 4-day run-out period. Results There was sustained and significant improvement ( P Conclusion Response to salmeterol does not vary between ADRB2 genotypes after chronic dosing with an inhaled corticosteroid. Clinical implications Analyses from this study indicate that genetic polymorphisms leading to Arg16Gly sequence changes within the β 2 -adrenergic receptor do not affect patients' responses to recommended asthma therapy with salmeterol and fluticasone propionate.
Lipids associated with cytochrome oxidase derived from yeast mitochondria.

Abstract The association of lipids with cytochrome oxidase has been studied. The enzyme has been purified from yeast mitochondria using a freeze-thaw disruption technique, cholate solubilization, and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fractionation. Concomitant purification of ergosterol with cytochrome oxidase activity was noted, and enzyme activity was shown to be dependent on the presence of lipid. The most effective activators of cytochrome oxidase were C 16 and C 13 unsaturated fatty acids. Sterol is not essential for in vitro cytochrome oxidase activity.