cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mobile monitoring of traffic-related air pollution for a prospective cohort study in the greater Seattle area

Growing evidence links traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) to adverse health effects. Previous air pollution studies focused on a few commonly measured pollutants with poor spatial resolution. Well-designed mobile monitoring studies may address this limitation. We designed an extensive mobile monitoring campaign to characterize TRAP exposure levels for a Seattle-based cohort, the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study. The campaign measured particulate matter [≤] 2.5 {micro}m in diameter (PM2.5), ultrafine particulates (UFP), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at 309 stop locations representative of the cohort. We collected about 29 two-minute measures at each location during all seasons, days of the week, and most times of day for a one-year period. Annual average concentrations of UFPs had similar degrees of spatial variability as BC and NO2 but higher degrees of variability as CO2 and PM2.5. UFPs had less temporal variability than other pollutants. Validation showed good agreement between our BC, NO2, and PM2.5 measurements and regulatory monitoring sites. The results from this campaign will be used to assess TRAP exposure in the ACT cohort. SynopsisWe assessed annual-average traffic-pollutant levels with high spatial resolution at locations representative of participant residences using a temporally balanced short-term mobile monitoring campaign. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=101 SRC="FIGDIR/small/21263522v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (46K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1abd71org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18b583borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14db663org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1015dd9_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
Optical coherence tomography angiography of retinal vasculature in recovered COVID-19 patients compared to age and ethnic matched controls.

Clinical relevance Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 virus on the retinochoroidal vasculature can provide valuable information regarding potential multi-organ ischaemic sequelae in COVID-19 patients, and can thus be a useful tool for optometrists, ophthalmologists, pulmonologists, infectious disease specialists and others. Background Assessment of retinochoroidal vasculature alterations in recovered mild COVID-19 patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) when compared to age and ethnic matched controls. Methods Multimodal imaging was performed using OCTA, spectral domain (SD)-OCT (Optovue RTVue XR Avanti; Optovue, Inc, Fremont, CA), and colour fundus photography (Compass; iCare Inc, Raleigh, NC). Vessel flow density, foveal avascular zone, foveal perimeter circumference and retinal thickness were calculated automatically by the OCTA software on 6 × 6mm angiograms. Morphologic changes in the retinochoroidal vasculature on OCTA were assessed and compared with the findings on fundoscopy, SD-OCT and fundus photography and were evaluated by two trained graders. Results Mean vessel parafoveal density, superior and inferior hemispheric vessel density and perifoveal temporal vessel density on 6 × 6 angiograms of the superficial capillary plexus were lower among the COVID-19 patients when compared to their age and ethnic matched controls. Vessel flow density of the deep capillary plexus, foveal avascular zone size and circumference and retinal thickness did not illustrate statistical significance between the groups. Conclusion OCTA provides non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the retinochoroidal vascular network. Compared with conventional imaging, OCTA can demonstrate precise microvascular structural alterations in the retinal vessels before visible on SD-OCT or fundus examination. When matched for age and ethnicity, patients with a history of mild COVID illness manifested alterations in vessel density.
Application of Q-DFT to the Metal–Vacuum Interface

In this chapter we study select properties of the inhomogeneous electron gas at a metal–vacuum interface in the context of Local Effective Potential Energy Theory. The metal surface problem differs in fundamental ways from the atomic, ionic, and molecular systems studied thus far. The latter are few-electron, finite, discrete energy spectrum systems, whereas the physical system at hand is an extended, many-electron system with a continuous energy spectrum. Metal surface physics is a field unto itself. Here we are going to be concerned with certain intrinsic aspects of the subject. The model employed in the calculations is one in which the lattice of positive ions in the metal is smeared out and replaced by a uniform positive charge background or “jellium.” The jellium model is appropriate for the “simple” metals whose conduction band arises only from s and p shells. The semi-infinite jellium metal is confined to the negative half-space, the metal surface being defined as the position where the uniform positive background charge ends abruptly. In the plane parallel to the surface, the jellium extends to infinity. The positive half-space is the vacuum region. (The semi-infinite jellium metal surface model is distinct from the jellium slab metal model in which the positive charge background is finite. We will be concerned only with the semi-infinite jellium metal model.) Thus, in the case of the metal–vacuum interface, the external potential energy of the electrons is due to the half-space positive jellium charge distribution. As a consequence of the translational symmetry in the plane parallel to the surface, the electron density is nonuniform only in the direction perpendicular to the surface. It approaches the bulk-metal density value deep in the crystal, exhibits the Bardeen-Friedel [1, 2] oscillations at and about the surface due to the “impurity” which in this case is the surface, and vanishes asymptotically in the classically forbidden vacuum region. The semi-infinite jellium metal is charge neutral. In the jellium model of a metal surface, lattice properties recede in significance, and it is the electronic properties that are to the fore.
Glycoprotein Enzymes Secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF β-GLUCOSIDASE

Abstract An extracellular β-glucosidase from Aspergillus fumigatus has been purified to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, molecular sieve chromatography, and analytical ultracentrifugation. An average molecular weight of 40,805 was obtained. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 5.0, Km and Vmax values of 20 mm and 5 µmoles per min per mg, respectively, with sophorose as substrate, and 6.3 mm and 1.5 µmoles per min per mg, respectively, using p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucoside. Specificity studies indicate that the enzyme is specific for the β-configuration and prefers β-1 → 2 and β-1 → 3 linkages. The purified enzyme contained 32.5 moles of glucose, 16.6 moles of mannose, and 1.84 moles of glucosamine per mole of enzyme. However, when the enzyme was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid, all of the glucose was solubilized whereas the mannose and glucosamine remained with the protein, suggesting that glucose was not covalently bound to the enzyme. In order to determine the linkage region of oligosaccharide to protein, the intact enzyme (before treatment with trichloroacetic acid) was treated with mild alkali in the presence of [3H]NaBH4. The only radioactive sugar alcohol formed by this treatment was sorbitol. Since glucose is not covalently bound to the protein and since no radioactive mannitol or glucosaminitol was detected, a hexose linkage to serine or threonine was unlikely. However, hydrolysis of the glycoprotein with stronger alkali in the presence of [3H]NaBH4 yielded an oligosaccharide which gave rise to [3H]glucosaminitol upon acid hydrolysis indicating a glucosamine → asparagine linkage. The β-glucosidase contained 2 moles of glucosamine per mole of protein suggesting at most two oligosaccharide chains. When the protein was digested with Pronase, two major glycopeptides were obtained by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. These contained mannose and aspartic acid in ratios of 10.9 and 4.8, suggesting that there might be two oligosaccharide chains per glycoprotein molecule.
Current aspects of cesarean section and perinatal mortality.

Abstract 1. 1. A study of 3,816 cesarean sections, 2,219 primary and 1,597 repeat, has been presented. 2. 2. The gross perinatal mortality in the primary group was 9.0 per cent, and 2.9 per cent in the repeat group. Eliminating deaths prior to labor, these figures are corrected to 6.3 and 2.5 per cent, respectively. The perinatal mortality in mature infants, corrected by eliminating deaths prior to labor, was 2.5 per cent in the primary and 0.9 per cent in the repeat cesarean sections. 3. 3. The type of anesthesia is not an important factor in the cause of perinatal mortality. 4. 4. In the uncomplicated elective repeat cesarean section, the perinatal loss was not affected by performance of the section prior to rather than at the onset of labor.
Computing the density of states of Boolean formulas

In this paper we consider the problem of computing the density of states of a Boolean formula in CNF, a generalization of both MAX-SAT and model counting. Given a Boolean formula F, its density of states counts the number of configurations that violate exactly E clauses, for all values of E. We propose a novel Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm based on flat histogram methods that, despite the hardness of the problem, converges quickly to a very accurate solution. Using this method, we show the first known results on the density of states of several widely used formulas and we provide novel insights about the behavior of random 3-SAT formulas around the phase transition.
Stable adaptive control and recursive identification using radial Gaussian networks

Previous work has provided the theoretical foundations of a constructive design procedure for uniform approximation of smooth functions to a chosen degree of accuracy using networks of Gaussian radial basis functions. This construction and the guaranteed uniform bounds were shown to provide the basis for stable adaptive neurocontrol algorithms for a class of nonlinear plants. The authors detail and extend these ideas in three directions. First, some practical details of the construction are provided, explicitly illustrating the relation between the free parameters in the network design and the degree of approximation error on a particular set. Next, the original adaptive control algorithm is modified to permit incorporation of additional prior knowledge of the system dynamics, allowing the neurocontroller to operate in parallel with conventional fixed or adaptive controllers. Finally, it is shown how the Gaussian network construction may also be utilized in recursive identification algorithms with similar guarantees of stability and convergence. >
Evaluation of the effects of aspirin combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that there may be an interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and aspirin in patients with congestive heart failure, such that their benefits are attenuated when used in combination. Whether this interaction exists in patients with coronary artery disease is not known. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients enrolled in two large trials, Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) and Evaluation in PTCA to Improve Long-Term Outcome with Abciximab GP IIb/IIIa Blockade (EPILOG), were stratified according to use of aspirin and ACE inhibitors on discharge from the hospital. In the EPILOG trial, left ventricular systolic function was assessed by contrast ventriculography. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 1 year. EPILOG patients, all of whom were receiving aspirin, were also examined for the combined endpoint of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Stratified and multivariate analyses were used to adjust for baseline differences in patient characteristics. RESULTS: We studied 31,622 patients in the GUSTO-I trial and 2,619 patients in the EPILOG trial. There were 615 deaths among the GUSTO-I patients and 45 deaths among the EPILOG patients at 1 year. Unadjusted mortality was greater among patients treated with both ACE inhibitors and aspirin than among patients treated with aspirin alone (3.3% versus 1.6%, P P P = 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, combined use of aspirin and ACE inhibitors was associated with increased mortality in GUSTO-I patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 4.3, P = 0.03) compared with aspirin alone. In EPILOG patients, after adjusting for clinical factors and extent of left ventricular dysfunction, the combination of aspirin and ACE inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of death (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.8, P = 0.02) and of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.5, P = 0.02) compared with aspirin alone. CONCLUSION: These observational findings suggest the possibility of an interaction between aspirin and ACE inhibitors among patients with ischemic heart disease. Further study of this issue is warranted.
Inflammatory pseudotumor presenting as fever of unknown origin

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is an uncommon benign neoplasm of uncertain etiology that classically has been associated with the lung, where it is generally asymptomatic. In recent years, IPT has been increasingly recognized in other sites. Hepatic, abdominal, and pelvic IPTs produce a spectrum of nonspecific symptoms including fever, malaise, anemia, and weight loss. Because prolonged fever is a prominent feature of extrapulmonary IPT, patients with this condition may first come to the attention of specialists in infectious diseases. We describe an illustrative case of pelvic IPT and discuss its presentation, diagnosis, and treatment ; we also suggest that infectious disease specialists should be familiar with this entity as a possible diagnosis for patients with fever of unknown origin.
Positivity constraints for anomalous dimensions

Abstract Wilson's operator product expansion is examined. It is shown how to project on operators of definite spin at finite Q2. Consistency conditions for anomalous dimensions following from positivity are derived using the moment problem.
Trypanosoma rhodesiense: oxygen uptake by mouse brain slices.

Abstract Female albino mice (595), 20–22 g in weight, were used, in seven separate experiments, to study the oxygen uptake of brain slices in animals inoculated with living cells, homogenates, and metabolic products of Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Experimental mice were divided into three groups. Group A was inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) with 100 living T. rhodesiense cells. Group B was given intraperitoneal injections of 0.25 ml of an homogenate containing the triturated bodies of 100 million trypanosomes. Group C was inoculated with 0.25 ml containing the metabolic products of 100 million living trypanosomes. Two control groups of mice received either 0.25 ml of saline ip or no injections at all. Oxygen uptake was determined, in each group, by conventional Warburg techniques, in which 100-mg samples of brain slices were used in 15-ml reaction vessels. Brain slices from mice inoculated with living cells and homogenates of T. rhodesiense showed an enhanced rate of oxygen consumption. In mice inoculated with living trypanosomes, the Experimental/Control ratio (E/C) ranged to a maximum of 4.6 at Day 4. By Day 7, when the parasitemia was greatest and death of the host was imminent, the E/C ratio declined to 3.0. With animals inoculated with trypanosome homogenate, the maximal E/C ratio was 3.5 occurring on Day 6 and declining to 2.1 on the final day. Brain slices of mice inoculated with metabolic products showed no increase in the rate of oxygen consumption, nor did those from mice inoculated daily with physiologic saline.
Correlates of dominance in wintering white-throated sparrows: age, sex and location

Abstract Correlates of dominance were investigated in a wintering population of white-throated sparrows, Zonotrichia albicollis , in 3 successive years at four locations along a 400-m hedgerow. Multiple regression analyses were used to detect characteristics correlated with a sparrow's ability to dominate conspecifics. Age, but not length of time resident in an area, and sex, but not size, both affected dominance. Individuals had higher dominance near the centres of their ranges, and dominance in a bird's first winter was related to dominance in later winters. The presence of site-dependent dominance in this species shows that dominance relations observed at any one location resulted from overlapping dominance fields of the individuals occurring there.
Medical connections: use of the internet and traditional sources of health information by rural Alabama households.

Rural household adoption of the PC and Internet for accessing medical and healthcare information was investigated using survey data collected from 305 households randomly selected from non-metropolitan, rural counties across Alabama. The diffusion-adoption model for new technologies was employed to create five adoption stages relevant to this technology and its applications to communication of information in the health field. Descriptive household characteristics of age, education, income, and children revealed differences between adoption stages, with age and education having major impacts. Use of traditional sources of health information and the Internet were compared in relation to age and availability of medical services. Older, less educated households lagged behind in use of the Internet for health information. Medical professionals, doctors and pharmacists, were the most utilized information source by rural households; but those households connected to the Internet used on-line sources, ev...
Inhibition of peptic activity in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

1. Calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide preparation, magnesium hydroxide and sodium lauryl sulfate caused decreased peptic activity simultaneously with a rise in the pH. 2. Calcium carbonate, the aluminum hydroxide preparation and magnesium hydroxide caused more marked peptic inhibition than sodium lauryl sulfate. 3. In our studies we were unable to confirm the reported observations that sodium lauryl sulfate inhibits peptic activity in the presence of an unaltered pH. 4. Clinical use of sodium lauryl sulfate on a small number of patients on the usual dietary peptic ulcer management failed to reveal any superiority of this medication over some of the other medications used.
A scanning electron microscopic study of the appearance and localization of cell surface material during amphibian gastrulation.

Cell surface material (CSM) has been implicated in a wide variety of morphogenetic processes. We describe here its discrete appearance at the blastoporal region throughout gastrulation in the salamander Ambystoma mexicanum. The CSM becomes visible in the scanning electron microscope after treatment with Alcian blue and lanthanum nitrate which reportedly attests to the presence of mucopolysaccharides. The possible importance of this CSM is underscored by its correlative appearance on tissue undergoing morphogenetic movement and induction.
Steric Effects in the Aerobic Oxidation of π-Allylnickel(II) Complexes with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

π-Allylchloro(NHC)nickel(II) complexes were synthesized and their reactions with O2 were studied. Ligand steric effects were found to determine the difference between rapid oxidation of the allyl group to produce bis-μ-hydroxonickel complexes and no observable reaction. The ability of the metal−NHC bond to rotate correlates with the ability of the complex to react with O2. In the limiting cases, conformationally restricted complexes are stable to O2 and complexes with rapid Ni−NHC bond rotation react rapidly with O2. Complexes with intermediate conformational flexibility were found to exhibit lesser reactivity with O2. On the basis of the observed inertness of complexes with saddle-shaped ligands to O2, we propose the adoption of a nonplanar geometry upon reaction with O2 to be required. The issue of conformational flexibility versus rigidity is expected to directly impact the catalytic behavior of metal−NHC complexes.
Screening for Anxiety and Depression in Community Mental Health: The Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories

Accurate diagnosis is key to providing quality services in community mental health. This research examined the ability of the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories to identify anxiety and depression in community settings. The diagnostic accuracy of these instruments was compared with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV in a sample of 288 distressed women seeking treatment for their children. Operating characteristic curves indicated the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories hold utility as screens for panic and major depressive disorder, respectively. Deploying these instruments as initial screens in a tiered diagnostic system may improve diagnostic accuracy in community settings.
Authoritative Parenting and Sensation Seeking as Predictors of Adolescent Cigarette and Marijuana Use

Adolescents with high sensation-seeking tendencies often seek out thrill seeking experiences to satisfy their need for stimulation and sensation. In many cases, sensation-seeking adolescents fulfill their need for stimulation and sensation by using illicit substances. However, not all high sensation seekers use drugs, although the factors that prevent or buffer sensation seeking remain unexplored. This study fills this gap in extant research by examining the role of authoritative parenting as a protective factor that prevents or buffers cigarette and marijuana use by adolescents with high sensation-seeking tendencies. Data from 1,461 adolescents attending 6th through 8th grades in central Colorado were gathered during a semester-long classroom-based intervention to prevent the onset or further use of cigarettes. Results indicate that authoritative parenting moderated the effect of sensation seeking on adolescent marijuana attitudes, intentions, and peer influence but not behaviors. Further, authoritative ...
756 TRIMETHYLAMINURIA: RARE OR UNRECOGNIZED CAUSE OF BODY ODOR?

Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) is a rare disorder of choline metabolism reported in 6 patients since its first description 10 years ago. We have found 3 more cases in unrelated caucasians, ages 9-14yrs, with body odor of putrid fish. Urinary TMA concentrations were determined by gas chromatography of alkalinized urine volatiles. Basal TMA concentrations (ug/ml) ranged from 25-100 in patients. As controls random urines were obtained from 96 patients with a variety of disorders without regard to choline ingestion, including 51 children 0-15 yrs. 84/96 values were < 2.0, 91/96 < 7.5. Of the 5 outliers, 3 had vaginal disorders (14-27.8), 2 are unexplained (26.5, 400.8). The 2 TMA-patient mothers assayed showed intermediate concentrations of 10 and 21 ug/ml. For 2 patients, oral choline loading (50mg/kg) produced a several-fold increase in urinary TMA while dietary choline restriction markedly relieved odors. The third patient has not shown this strong choline correlation and is undergoing further metabolic study. We speculate that the incidence of TMAU among individuals with body odors may be much higher than suggested by the few case reports. Physician awareness and wider availability of the assay may help to diagnose and dietarily manage a greater number of patients with this repugnant odor, avoiding the sequelae of psychosocial disturbances and severe emotional disorders.
Non-school correlates of dropout: An integrative review of the literature

Abstract School dropout is increasingly being conceptualized as a serious social problem extending far beyond the boundaries of the school. This paper heeds recent calls for non-educators' involvement in this phenomenon by reviewing the empirical research on non-school correlates of dropout, integrating the separate independent findings and organizing them into a few conceptually meaningful categories. These categories are further classified into different levels of analysis which are useful in developing potential interventions to prevent dropout. Much additional research is needed; this research needs to be more technically adequate and conceptually based. Examples of needed research and potential interventions are provided.
Laser-assisted SER estimation in advanced CMOS technologies

Pulsed laser irradiation is proposed as a fast turn-around tool to predict the soft error rate (SER) performance in modern process technologies. 32nm planar and 22nm Tri-Gate device-level proton and laser cross section results are presented.
Chi-Square Goodness of Fit: A Failure Rate Perspective

Employing a failure rate approach, we propose a test statistic, , for the classic goodness-of-fit problem. It is then shown that a variation of , obtained by replacing observed variances by expected variances (an unwise change in our point of view), leads to the classical test statistic, x2. We argue that should be better approximated by a chi-square distribution, and thus employing , the true p−values should be closer to the nominal p−values than under x2 Various other comparisons of the two tests are made.
Pediatric ambulatory anesthesia: NPO—Before or after surgery?

Abstract In the hope of reducing the risk of perioperative aspiration pneumonitis, a period of fasting, often of prolonged duration, became a routine feature of the preoperative preparation of ambulatory surgical patients. The premise is that fasting ensures gastric emptying. Following anesthesia and operation, patients frequently have been expected to demonstrate the ability to drink and retain clear liquids prior to hospital discharge. The belief has been that tolerating clear liquids will reduce the likelihood of the patient returning to the hospital with ongoing vomiting that results in dehydration. Recent investigations have raised doubts about both premises and prompted the systematic reappraisal of perioperative feeding practices.
Computed tomography in the evaluation of severe facial trauma

Computed tomography (CT) is a simple, rapid, and safe method of evaluating patients with severe facial trauma. It has its greatest value in defining the extent of soft tissue damage as well as in assessing the skeletal disruption. In a group of 32 patients with severe facial trauma, CT outlined the degree of soft tissue and skeletal fracture. In 13 of these patients who also underwent conventional pleuri-directional tomography CT was determined to be just as effective in identifying all fractures. CT was also shown to be useful for follow up evaluation of patients with previous severe facial trauma.
Nutrient Allocation of ‘TifEagle’ Bermudagrass as Influenced by Trinexapac-Ethyl

ABSTRACT Inhibiting shoot growth of dwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey] with a plant-growth retardant, trinexapac-ethyl (TE), may redirect nutrients and photosynthate away from leaf tissue to promote root growth and improve nutrient-use efficiency. Two greenhouse experiments evaluated three rates of TE, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 kg a.i. ha−1, applied every three weeks on ‘TifEagle’ bermudagrass for 12 weeks. Lysimeters constructed to United State Golf Association specifications were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Increased TE rates quadratically reduced clipping yield 38%–75%, improved turf quality 6%–13%, and enhanced chlorophyll concentrations 30%–70% over the untreated grass. Dry-root mass increased with TE rate 11%–37% after 12 weeks. Total clipping nutrients recovered from five sampling dates were reduced by approximately 50%, 85%, and 90% for turf receiving TE at 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 kg ha−1 3 wk−1, respectively. That...
Immunohistochemical detection and correlation between MHC antigen and cell-mediated immune system in recurrent glioma by APAAP method.

As part of an on-going clinical trial of immunotherapy for recurrent malignant gliomas, using alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase method with monoclonal antibodies, we investigated the correlation between expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the subpopulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 38 glioma specimens (20 grade IV, 11 grade III, and 7 grade II) from 33 patients. Thirty specimens (78.9%) were positive to class I MHC antigen and 20 (52.6%) were positive to class II MHC antigen. The correlations between class I MHC antigen expression and the number of infiltrating T8 (p < 0.01), and also between class II MHC antigen expression and the number of infiltrating T4 (p < 0.05) were significant. We conclude that TILs are the result of immunoreaction (host-defense mechanism). 31.6% of specimens had perivascular infiltration of T cells. The main infiltrating lymphocyte subset in moderate to marked perivascular cuffing was T4. Our results may indicate that lack of MHC antigen on the glioma cell surface has a share in the poor immunogenicity in glioma-bearing patients. In addition, considering the effector/target ratio, the number of infiltrating lymphocytes against glioma cells was too small, so the immunological intervention seems to be essential in glioma therapy. Previous radiation therapy and chemotherapy, including steroid therapy, did not influence lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration.
Immunological and biochemical responses in mice treated with mercuric chloride.

Abstract Adult B6C3F 1 male mice were given water containing 3, 15, and 75 ppm mercury (as mercuric chloride) for 7 weeks. There were dose-related increases in blood and kidney mercury levels but only the former showed a time-dependent change. Mercury was not detected in any of the lymphoid organs except for the spleen. There was no mortality and only minimal histological changes occurred in kidneys of dosed mice. Nonspecific toxicity occurred at the 75 ppm dose level, consisting of small differences in body and organ weights, hematological changes, and general enzyme inhibition in the bone marrow and spleen. However, there were specific immunotoxic and biochemical alterations in lymphoid organs of mice treated at the lower doses of mercury. The immunological defects were consistent with altered T-cell function as evidenced by decreases in both T-cell mitogen and mixed leukocyte responses. There was a particular association between the T-cell defects and inhibition of thymic pyruvate kinase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis. The differences in the pattern of enzyme responses among lymphoid organs implied that two mechanisms of mercury toxicity were operative—one at high concentrations that caused physicochemical enzyme inhibition and another at low concentrations that caused indirect enzyme inhibition.
Independent Service Providers as a Competitive Advantage in Developing Economies

Abstract As buyers perceive quality parity among competing brands of a product with a significant service component in its consumption, product support service can become a differential advantage for a brand. The authors propose and test a framework for leveraging independent service providers as a competitive advantage in durable goods export markets in developing countries. Using survey data, the authors found a relationship between easy access to product support services, buyer herd behavior, and brand preference of passenger cars in a developing country. The paper concludes by suggesting how management can leverage independent service providers as a source of competitive advantage for a brand.
Nonlinear Beam Kinematics by Decomposition of the Rotation Tensor

A simple matrix expression is obtained for the strain components of a beam in which the displacements and rotations are large. The only restrictions are on the magnitudes of the strain and of the local rotation, a newly-identified kinematical quantity. The local rotation is defined as the change of orientation of material elements relative to the change of orientation of the beam reference triad. The vectors and tensors in the theory are resolved along orthogonal triads of base vectors centered along the undeformed and deformed beam reference axes, so Cartesian tensor notation is used. Although a curvilinear coordinate system is natural to the beam problem, the complications usually associated with its use are circumvented. Local rotations appear explicitly in the resulting strain expressions, facilitating the treatment of beams with both open and closed cross sections in applications of the theory. The theory is used to obtain the kinematical relations for coupled bending, torsion extension, shear deformation, and warping of an initially curved and twisted beam.
Full color holographic imaging under daylight illumination

Full color 3D images of scenes under daylight illumination are obtained using selfinterference incoherent digital holography. From a recorded hologram, images can be numerically focused at any distances for viewing.
Cable through mountain tunnel links power systems

THE 69-KV gas-filled pipe-type cable circuit through the Adams Tunnel under the Continental Divide is an integral part of the transmission link between power systems on the eastern and western slopes of the Rocky Mountains.
Localization of abductor and adductor fibers in the kitten recurrent laryngeal nerve: use of a variation of the horseradish peroxidase tracer technique.

Abstract Horseradish peroxidase was injected into either the posterior cricoarytenoid or thyroarytenoid muscle of seven newborn kittens. After allowing 3 to 5 h for retrograde axoplasmic transport in motor axons, the animals were killed and the recurrent laryngeal nerves were stained histochemically for the peroxidase. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine serial sections of both nerves for axons containing horseradish peroxidase reaction product. The results demonstrated that the motor axons supplying an abductor muscle p. cricoarytenoid and those to an adductor muscle thyroarytenoid are diffusely arranged in the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
The use of N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-yl)-labeled lipids in determining transmembrane lipid distribution

Transbilayer lipid distribution of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) and large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) was measured using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, chemical modification with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and dithionite reduction of N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-yl)-labeled lipid (NBD-lipid). The dithionite assay was the most reproducible of the three assays, with 1.2% error for SUVs and 3.9% error for LUVs. The dithionite assay also agreed best with theoretical inner:outer leaflet ratios, based on vesicle diameters determined by electron microscopy (Thomas et al. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Acta 978, 85–90). Dithionite assay measurements were within 2.7% of theoretical ratios for SUVs and 2.3% for LUVs, while the NMR assay for SUVs was 14% lower than theoretical ratios and 23% lower for LUVs. The accuracy of NBD-lipids as markers for total transbilayer lipid was investigated. NBD-labeled phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol were accurate markers for total transbilayer lipid distribution, as their distributions were in close agreement with theoretical ratios. However, NBD-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine displayed a slight preference for the inner leaflet at low mole fractions of phosphatidylethanolamine, while native phosphatidylethanolamine showed a preference for the outer leaflet at the same concentration. NBD-labeled phosphatidic acid also showed a slight preference for the inner leaflet. We conclude that although dithionite-based assessment of NBD-labeled lipids across membrane bilayers can be a powerful analytical tool, caution must be used in the interpretation of results.
Taming a professional IDE for the classroom

An important question that must be addressed in a coherent computing curriculum is which programming environments to use across the curriculum. For Java, currently the most widely used language in computing education, a wide variety of professional integrated development environments (IDEs) are available---including the increasingly popular, open-source Eclipse environment. Professional IDEs for Java work well in advanced courses, but they are poorly matched to introductory courses because they deluge beginning students with a complex array of features. In addition, professional IDEs fail to shield students from distracting complications like the Java command line interface and Java console I/O. For this reason, many educators favor using a "pedagogic" IDE such as BlueJ or DrJava to provide a gentle introduction to the mechanics of Java programming.To eliminate the gap between pedagogic and professional IDEs for Java, we have developed a plug-in for Eclipse that supports exactly the same programming interface as DrJava. It features an Interactions pane for evaluating program statements and expressions "on the fly" as in DrJava. With this plug-in, Eclipse is accessible to beginning programmers. In this configuration, Eclipse is a suitable vehicle for teaching introductory programming--enabling Eclipse to be used across the entire spectrum of the computing curriculum.
MYCOPLASMA STURNI FROM BLUE JAYS AND NORTHERN MOCKINGBIRDS WITH CONJUNCTIVITIS IN FLORIDA

Northern mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos) and blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) in a Florida (USA) wildlife care facility developed clinical signs and gross lesions suggestive of the ongoing outbreak of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) conjunctivitis in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) and American gold-finches (Carduelis tristis). Mycoplasmal organisms were cultured from conjunctival/corneal swabs of birds with sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and/or epiphora. All of the isolates tested were identified as Mycoplasma sturni by indirect immunofluorescence. Mycoplasma sturni as well as MG should be considered in the differential diagnosis of songbirds with conjunctivitis.
Noradrenergic and opioid systems interact to alter the detection of noxious thermal stimuli and facial scratching in monkeys.

We examined the ability of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, ST-91, microinjected into the medullary dorsal horn (MDH), to diminish the sensory-discriminative features of noxious heat stimuli in awake behaving monkeys. Two monkeys performed a noxious thermal detection task and the time to detection of small increases in heat served as a measure of the perceived intensity of pain. ST-91 microinjected into the MDH (1.0, 3.0, 10.0 and 30.0 micrograms/0.4 microliter) produced dose-dependent increases in detection time to graded temperature increases (0.4-1.0 degrees C) from a noxious 46 degrees C base line. These dose-dependent effects were attenuated by the systemic administration of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, idazoxan (2.0 mg/kg, i.m.), but not by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin (0.5 mg/kg, i.m.) or the opioid-receptor antagonist, naloxone (0.5 mg/kg, i.m.). The effect of ST-91 on detection latency of thermal stimuli was not the result of alterations in attentional, motivational or motoric aspects of the monkeys' behavior, because detection of visual stimuli and non-noxious temperature coolings (36.0-34.5 degrees C) in a similar paradigm were not consistently altered. Microinjection of morphine (3.0 mg) into the MDH also increased detection latency of the noxious heat stimuli. Systemic administration of the opioid-receptor antagonist, naloxone (0.5 mg/kg), and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, idazoxan (2.0 mg/kg, i.m.) attenuated these effects of morphine. In a separate experiment, morphine (5.0 micrograms) microinjected into the MDH induced facial scratching behavior. Idazoxan (2.0 mg/kg) was effective at attenuating this scratching behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the wavelength dependence of apparent emissivity of asteroid microwave emissions - Ceres and Vesta

Observations of Ceres and Vesta demonstrate the need for modifying the physical parameters of the standard model procedure in treating single-wavelength observations. It is suggested that simultaneous IR and cm-wavelength data should be used in order to determine such properties as the surface dielectric characteristics, layer depth, and radio emissivity. If using the standard model, an emissivity of 0.8 should be adopted for wavelengths of longer than 1 cm.
Photoactivation of distal functional groups in polyfunctional molecules

Etude de l'influence de la fonction (contenant le groupement C=O) sur le comportement photochimique du compose et en particulier sur la formation de l'intermediaire de reaction
Patient Distress Undermines the Credibility of Illness Complaints1

Two studies examined the effects of telling lay perceivers about patients' n]onmedical problems. In Study 1, college students rated a male peer's report of a sore throat as less credible and more psychologically caused when these co-occurred with non-medical problems (midterm exams or insomnia), even when diagnostic results for strep throat were positive. In Study 2, perceivers received no diagnostic information, and gender of the stimulus patient was varied systematically. The patient was rated as less credible if insomnia was mentioned in a conversation, regardless of the patient's gender. Nonmedical problems also affected which health advice perceivers gave to the patient. These findings are compared with those of previous research on credibility judgment processes, and implications are traced for lay perceivers' m]ental models of illness.
The Impact of Puberty and Dating on Eating Problems Among Middle School Girls

Puberty has been related to the onset of a variety of weight concerns and eating problems among middle school girls, including body dissatisfaction, dieting, and eating disorders. At least two models can be used to explain these relationships. The first emphasizes the timing of puberty, arguing that girls who face early puberty are particularly stressed because of the off-time nature of the event. The second focuses on synchronous events. For girls more than boys, puberty is likely to coincide with the change from elementary to middle school and/or beginning to date. Such synchronous events may create greater stress for girls. Seventy-nine girls were tested during the spring of their sixth- and eighth-grade years. Pubertal and dating status, body dissatisfaction, weight management, and eating disordered attitudes (using the Children's EAT:ChEAT) were assessed. The simple timing model (early vs. on time vs. late) was not supported. The simple synchronous model received some support in that girls with synchronous onset of menstruation and dating had higher ChEAT scores as well as greater body dissatisfaction. However, the data indicated that girls for whom puberty was early and coincidental with dating might be at unusual risk. These girls showed the highest levels of body dissatisfaction and the highest ChEAT scores.
Central serous chorioretinopathy and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: a case-control postmarketing surveillance study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an increased risk of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) associated with prescription exposure to phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors. Methods: A case–control study linking 2 National Veterans Health Administration databases (clinical and pharmacy) for fiscal years 2004 to 2005. The likelihood of past exposure to PDE-5 inhibitors among newly diagnosed patients with CSC, identified through International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, Clinical Modification codes, was compared with 2 age-matched control groups after excluding subjects with risk factors for CSC. Results: Among 577 men, aged 59 years and younger with newly diagnosed CSC during the study year, 111 were prescribed a PDE-5 inhibitor (19.2%). The proportions of age-matched controls prescribed a PDE-5 inhibitor in the 2 groups were 18.5% and 21.5%. The odds ratio of exposure was 1.05 (95% confidence limit: 0.74–1.22) and 0.87 (95% confidence limit: 0.68–1.12). Conclusion: Patients with CSC had no increase in prescription exposure to PDE-5 inhibitors than did age-matched control subjects. Although the findings in this study do not support an association between CSC and PDE-5 inhibitors, postmarketing surveillance methods for drug-related side effects have acknowledged limitations.
Class and Space: The Making of Urban Society

(1989). Class and Space: The Making of Urban Society. Economic Geography: Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 251-255.
Surgical Management of Cervical Chyloma Following Parathyroidectomy

Chylomas, or chylous lymphoceles, are rare cystic formation of the thoracic duct or its tributaries which arise as an unusual complication following open neck surgery. In the few cases of cervical chyloma reported in the literature, management has varied from watchful waiting to thoracic duct ligation. This report describes the first case of postoperative cervical chyloma following parathyroidectomy and illustrates a successful surgical treatment plan for this infrequent entity.
A Study of the Crystalline Environment of Some Dehydration Reactions That Take Place in the Solid State

Abstract (p-Hydroxyphenyl) diphenylmethanol (1) undergoes dehydration to di-phenylquinomethane, the fuchsone (2), both in solution and in the solid state.1 The crystal structure of the related (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-diphenylmethanol (3) wes determined by Stora.2 In this structure, the molecules form cross-linked double chains by hydrogen-bonding along the z-direction (see Figure 1). Two phenolic hydroxyl groups and two aliphatic hydroxyl groups from for separate molecules provide a centrosymmetric “square” of oxygen atoms held together by hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined in our laboratory. The cyrstals are monoclinic a = 8.816, b = 15.379, c = 10.863 A and β = 101.4°, and the space group is P2 1/c. The relative position of four molecules of 1 is not greatly different from that in 3, but there is enough difference that only three hydrogen bonds can be formed among the four hydroxyl groups. Rather than a (pheno)O—H—(alcohol)O—H—(alcohol)OH—(back to original phenol) O—H s...
Orthotopic Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction in Women Using the Kock Ileal Neobladder: Updated Experience in 34 Patients

AbstractPurpose: Orthotopic lower urinary tract reconstruction has revolutionized urinary diversion following cystectomy. Initially performed solely in male patients, orthotopic diversion has now become a viable option in women. Currently, the orthotopic neobladder is the diversion of choice for women requiring lower urinary tract reconstruction at our institution. We evaluate and update our clinical and functional experience with orthotopic reconstruction in female patients.Materials and Methods: Since June 1990, 34 women 31 to 86 years old (median age 67) have undergone orthotopic lower urinary tract reconstruction following cystectomy. Indications for cystectomy included transitional cell carcinoma in 29 patients, urachal adenocarcinoma in 1, mesenchymal tumor of endometrial origin in 1, cervical carcinoma in 1 and a fibrotic radiated bladder in 1. In addition, 1 woman underwent undiversion to the native urethra following a previous simple cystectomy and cutaneous diversion for eosinophilic cystitis. D...
Extrathoracic management of aortic arch syndrome

The English literature on extrathoracic procedures for aortic arch syndrome spanning the 19-year period 1962-1980 has been reviewed. Fifty publications reporting on 787 operations were selected for analysis. The overall results were excellent in terms of safety and long term symptomatic relief. Unilateral carotid-based operations appear preferable to longer crossover bypasses in the majority of patients. It is suggested that transthoracic reconstruction remain the approach of choice for innominate artery disease and multiple bilateral arch branch occlusions in good-risk patients.