cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum chaos and a periodically perturbed Eberly-Chirikov pendulum.

A two-level system contained in a single-mode resonant cavity tuned to the energy-level separation of the two-level system is studied. A purely quantum-level description is converted into five coupled ordinary differential equations for certain relevant expectation values. These equations are identical with a system of equations proposed by Belobrov, Zaslavskii, and Tartakovskii on semiclassical grounds, and very closely related to a similar system proposed by Milonni, Ackerhalt, and Galbraith on semiclassical grounds. The level-population expectation value for the two-level system shows a transition to chaos as the coupling strength is increased. This transition is suggested by power spectra and confirmed by calculation of corresponding Liapunov exponents. It is shown that the equations can be transformed so that they exhibit the presence of a periodically perturbed Eberly-Chirikov pendulum as the key dynamical element responsible for the observed behavior. Numerical simulation of this periodically perturbed pendulum is shown to reproduce the peculiar features of the observed spectra obtained for the full, five-variable model. We discuss the relationship of these studies to the issue of bona fide chaos in a purely quantum-mechanical-level description of the system.
Phosphorylation and proteolytic degradation of nucleolin from 3T3-F442A cells

Summary The effect of phosphorylation on the proteolysis of nucleolin has been investigated. Nucleolin is readily phosphorylated both in vitro and in vivo . Utilizing phosphorylation assays and immunoblotting with anti-nucleolin serum, we have observed that phosphorylation enhances nucleolin as a substrate for a protease. This protease activity cleaves the protein into a highly phosphorylated 30 kDa peptide and a 72 kDa peptide. The involvement of casein kinase II is suggested since this cleavage is promoted by spermine and inhibited by heparin, which are, respectively, a stimulator and an inhibitor of casein kinase II activity. The molecular identity of the protease and the physiologic significance of the proteolytic cleavage of nucleolin remain to be studied.
Effect of Bile Acid Composition and Manipulation of Enterohepatic Circulation on Leptin Gene Regulation

In the rat, the ob gene product, leptin, putatively regulates energy balance via appetite control and energy expenditure. Bile acids in the intestinal lumen are necessary for efficient absorption of dietary lipids and may trigger the release of regulatory peptides. To investigate whether bile acids play a role in leptin gene expression, we altered the bile acid pool and then measured leptin mRNA levels in adipose tissue. Rats fed cholic acid (1% of chow wt/wt) for 2 weeks did not gain weight as rapidly as pair-fed control animals. Despite the lower weight, normalized leptin mRNA levels were 24% greater in cholic acid-fed rats compared with controls. Conversely, cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant, in chow (5% wt/wt) resulted in a 26% decline in leptin mRNA. Ligation of the common bile duct or chronic biliary diversion, experimental manipulations that decreased the intestinal concentration of bile salts, decreased leptin gene expression by 30% and 50%, respectively. A fluid and electrolyte (F/E) solution with and without taurocholate (36 micromol/h x 100 g rat[-1]) was then infused for 12 hours into the duodenum in animals with chronic biliary diversion. Taurocholate infusion resulted in a fourfold increase in steady-state adipocyte leptin mRNA levels compared with F/E infusion. Intravenous infusion of taurocholate or incubation of cultured adipocytes with taurocholate had no effect on leptin mRNA levels. We conclude that bile acids upregulate leptin gene expression indirectly, probably via effects on the absorption of dietary lipids or the release of neurohumoral mediators.
Radiative transfer in closely packed media

A new difference equation of radiative transfer is derived, including the angular dependence of the radiation and the particle scattering properties. The scattering by the particles in close-packed media is treated in terms of suitably defined near-field differential cross sections. The new equation agrees with the standard differential equation in application to typical atmospheric aerosols, but disagrees in application to all close-packed media. Examples are given which imply that the new equation should be significantly more accurate than the standard one in the treatment of strongly reflecting or absorbing paints, powders, and coatings.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Tobacco Etch Virus Distribution and Its Relationship to Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Vectors in Flue-Cured Tobacco

The contribution of colonizing and transient aphids to the primary and secondary spread of tobacco etch virus (TEV) in flue-cured tobacco was evaluated in North Carolina in 1985 and 1986. Transient aphids were apparently responsible for both primary and secondary spread of the virus. Aphid colonization had no effect on the distribution of TEV infections in tobacco, and insecticidal control of aphids had no effect on disease progress. Primary spread of TEV was responsible for the majority of infections early in the season (up to 8 wk after transplantation). Primary and secondary spread were both clustered about previously infected plants in the field early in the season. Toward the end of the season, new infections became randomly distributed with respect to previous infections in the field.
Embedding finite groups in rational division algebras. I

In [7] and [8] the problem of determining the finite subgroups of division rings with specified centers was investigated. In particular, we were concerned with determ~ng for which fields K every odd order finite subgroup of a finite-dimensional division ring central over K is necessarily cyclic. This problem was completely settled for K a local field in [8]. In this paper we answer this question when K is an algebraic number field. Our main result is the following: Let K be an algebraic number field. Then there exists a division ring D finite dimensional and central over K such that D* has a noncyclic subgroup of odd order if and only if K contains a primitive q-th root of unity for some odd prime q. We maintain the notation and terminology of [7J and [8]. Recall that for K a field a K-division ring D is a finite-dimensional central division algebra over K. The dimension of D over K will be denoted by ED: fcl; we use the same notation for dimension of field extensions. We say that D is E-adequate if there is an E-division ring containing I). If a finite group G is contained in the multiplicative group of a K-division ring, we say that G is K-adequate. G is a K-adequate if and only if V(G) is K-adequate where V(G) is the minimal division ring containing G; the structure of T(G) was determined by Amitsur in [2]. By an A-group we will mean a noncyclic odd order group which is a subgroup of some division ring.
GABAA receptor plasticity in alcohol withdrawal

Chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) treatment and withdrawal in rats produces behavioral changes that models human alcohol dependence, including increased seizure susceptibility, and can be explained by plastic changes in inhibitory neurotransmission involving γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptors. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AC, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Potential Focusing Projects and Policy Change

Why do policies change dramatically? Most prominent theories and many empirical studies of policy change address that question with attention to external shocks to policy systems or focusing events. These shocks or events are usually described as unplanned, unpredicted jolts such as global crises or natural disasters. I assert a role for focusing projects. These planned activities continue traditional priorities in an issue but do so to a degree perceived as excessive by enough people to shatter seemingly stable policy systems. I then propose a theoretical framework to explain the varying impacts from such projects. The framework uses two dimensions: one that accounts for the mobilization of pro-change forces and one that assesses policy learning by members of pro-status quo coalitions. I examine this framework in the context of changes to dam-building policies in four diverse political settings: United States, Australia, Canada, and China. I find intriguing similarities between the focusing projects in these different contexts but also considerable variation in the extent to which they produce policy change.
Mechanisms controlling silicon isotope distribution in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Abstract The distribution of silicon isotopes along a meridional transect at 140°W longitude in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific was used to test the hypothesis that δ 30 Si of silicic acid in surface waters should correlate with net silica production rates (gross silica production minus silica dissolution) rather than rates of gross silica production due to the opposing Si isotope fractionations associated with silica production and silica dissolution. Variations in δ 30 Si appeared significantly correlated with net silica production rates in equatorial surface waters and not with gross production rates. Around the Equator, values of δ 30 Si as low as deep water values occurred in the upper mesopelagic in a zone of net silica dissolution and high detrital biogenic silica content, where the release of low δ 30 Si silicic acid from opal dissolution would be expected to decrease δ 30 Si. The δ 30 Si of the deep water at 140°W appears constant for depths >2000 m and is similar to the deep water at 110°W. This study brings to light the importance of considering Si fractionation during diatom silica dissolution, the biological fractionation during silica production and physical factors such as currents and mixing with adjacent water masses when interpreting silicon isotope distributions.
Dynamic processes of visual transduction

Rhodopsin is one of those rare macromolecules whose inherent chromophore, 11-cis retinaldehyde, allows one to naturally observe triggered macromolecular changes on the timescale of picoseconds to minutes. Investigations of these molecular processes have been carried out with laser monochromatic light under conditions where the photon flux used for photolysis was carefully measured. The formation of bleaching intermediates has been examined as a function of fluence. Under conditions where the formation of intermediates is unaffected by photon reversal the following observations hold: Upon the absorption of a photon, the initial photochemical event results in production of metastable bathorhodopsin within 6 psec. Artificial rhodopsin regenerated with 9-cis retinal forms a distinct bathorhodopsin which must reflect distortions at the active site differing from those generated with 11-cis retinal. Bathorhodopsin thermally decays through lumirhodopsin and meta I-rhodopsin, to meta II-rhodopsin through a series of coupled equilibria. The final meta I-meta II equilibrium is stable for seconds. The process provides a unique model for utilization of energy to drive (trigger) a biological cascade of events.
Interlibrary Loan and Reference–Partners for Life? The Story at Wake Forest University

Cet article traite de la mise en place du pret interbibliotheque dans un service de reference a la bibliotheque de la Wake Forest University aux Etats-Unis. Cet article souligne les difficultes auxquelles a du faire face et auxquelles doit encore faire face le bibliothecaire qui a mis en place ce pret interbibliotheque tant a un niveau administratif qu'au niveau de la gestion de la bibliotheque
Electrical aspects of the adsorption of ionic surfactants on coal measured by the mean electrophoretic mobility as a function of sample dilution

Abstract A dilution method is proposed as a means of studying the adsorption of cationic surfactants on coal. Only the electrical part of the adsorption is observed. It is shown that particle charge increases with surfactant concentration, and some irreversibility occurs because the mobilities of states of high dilution depend on initial surfactant concentrations as well. The magnitude of the adsorption is different for different cations. A comparison of measurements on dilution with surfactant solution and distilled water supports the mechanism of particle charge arising from preferential cation adsorption.
PIRATE: QoS and performance management in CMP architectures

As new multi-threaded usage models such as virtualization and consolidation take advantage of multiple cores in CMP architectures, the impact of shared resource contention between VMs and user-level applications introduces Quality of Service(QoS) concerns and challenges. QoS-aware management of these shared platform resources is therefore becoming increasingly important. Various QoS schemes for resource management have been recently proposed, but most of these prior efforts have been focused on controlling individual resource allocation based on priority information passed down from the OS or Hypervisor to system resources. The complexity of this approach increases when multiple levels of resources are associated with an application's performance and power consumption. In this paper we employ simpler rate-based QoS mechanisms which control the execution rate of competing applications. To enable differentiation between simultaneously running applications' performance and power consumption, these rate mechanisms need to dynamically adjust the execution of application. Our proposed PI-RATE architecture introduces a control-theoretic approach to dynamically adjust the execution rate of each application based on the QoS target and monitored resource utilization. We evaluate three modes of PI-RATE architecture - cache QoS targets, performance QoS targets and power QoS targets - to show that the PI-RATE architecture is flexible and effective at enabling QoS in a CMP platform.
Placebo-controlled trial of cisapride in postgastrectomy patients with duodenogastroesophageal reflux

Medical treatment of duodenogastroesophageal reflux in postgastrectomy patients has been disappointing. Using ambulatory esophageal bilirubin monitoring, we evaluated the efficacy of cisapride in this disorder. Ten chronically symptomatic partial gastrectomy patients (5 Billroth I, 5 Billroth II; 8 men; average age 57) with duodenogastroesophageal reflux were randomized to four weeks of either placebo or cisapride (20 mg four times a day) in a double-blind crossover study. Significantly improved patients continued to take cisapride for an additional four months. Duodenogastroesophageal reflux was assessed at baseline and after four weeks on each therapy. Daily diary recorded symptoms and mean monthly scores were determined. Global symptom improvements were assessed at the end of each treatment period. Compared to placebo, cisapride significantly (P < 0.05) decreased duodenogastroesophageal reflux. Overall symptom improvements were assessed at the end of each treatment period. Compared to placebo, cisapride significantly (P < 0.05) decreased duodenogastroesophageal reflux. Overall symptoms improved in 70% of patients on cisapride compared to 10% on placebo (P < 0.01). Mean monthly scores significantly (P < 0.05) improved for abdominal pain, regurgitation, and belching. These symptoms remained improved after four months of chronic therapy. We conclude that cisapride significantly reduces duodenogastroesophageal reflux and results in short- and long-term symptom improvements in postgastrectomy patients and that cisapride offers the first successful medical therapy for duodenogastroesophageal reflux in postgastrectomy patients.
Resonance Raman Evidence for Protein-Induced Out-of-Plane Distortion of the Heme Prosthetic Group of Mammalian Lactoperoxidase

Resonance Raman spectra have been acquired for resting state mammalian lactoperoxidase, LPO(N), and its six-coordinate, low-spin (6CLS) cyanide complex, LPO(CN), as well as for various heme l containing fragments resulting from partial or complete proteolytic digestion. These proteolytic fragments provide a useful set of reference compounds for analysis of the LPO(N) and LPO(CN) enzymes, using various ligands to generate well-defined five-coordinate and six-coordinate high-spin (5CHS and 6CHS) species. In addition, these model compounds, which contain zero, one, or two covalently attached ester linkages to polypeptide chains, are quite useful for determining the extent to which the presence of the ester linkages at the heme periphery affects the characteristic heme resonance Raman marker bands. The spectral results not only provide strong evidence for the formulation of the resting state enzyme as a 6CHS species, but also confirm the previously documented anomalous intensities of several low-frequency res...
Remark on operational formulations of relativistic causality

It is pointed out that the so-called « usual causality condition » described in an article byTaylor andToll criticizing our consideration of another condition is rather obviously vacuous. While in accord with their contention of a difference between the conditions, this shows that the difference is an essential advantage of our condition, and renders invalid the treatment of dispersion relations in the cited article as well as in earlier work of one of the authors cited in the article.
Quantitation of secretory group V phospholipase A2 in human tissues by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

We have developed a sensitive sandwich ELISA (sELISA) for quantitative determination of group V phospholipase A(2) (gVPLA(2)). This assay utilizes three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against human gVPLA(2) (MCL-1B7, MCL-2A5, and MCL-3G1), which recognize specifically different epitopes of gVPLA(2). A mixture of MCL-1B7 and MCL-2A5 was used as the capture mAb, and MCL-3G1 as the detector mAb; purified human gVPLA(2) was used as the standard protein. The limit of detection of the sELISA is 2 ng/ml; the intra- and inter-coefficients of variation were 4.97+/-0.81% and 8.42+/-3.4%. The validity of the sELISA was assured by the recovery of exogenous recombinant gVPLA(2), which was 99.7% to 102%, and demonstration of noninterference of the gVPLA(2) assay by a high concentrations of other protein from murine lung and heart. To assess the usefulness of this sELISA for tissue measurements, the amount of gVPLA(2) in cultured human epithelial cells and isolated human eosinophils was determined. Total gVPLA(2) mass in epithelial cells was 2.83+/-0.33 ng/10(7) cells; gVPLA(2) was not detected in eosinophils. The presence of high concentration of gVPLA(2) in epithelial cells was confirmed by immunoprecipitation/Western blot analysis and by flow cytometry. This assay allows for convenient differentiation between the highly homologous 14-kDa secretory PLA(2)s, gVPLA(2), gIIaPLA(2), gIbPLA(2) and gXPLA(2), and accurate quantitation of gVPLA(2) in biological samples.
Learning to teach science: Personal epistemologies, teaching goals, and practices of teaching

Abstract The purpose of this study was to understand what personal epistemologies and science teaching goals preservice secondary science teachers of a teacher education program in the USA bring with them to their learning to teach and how they translate such beliefs into actions. A set of essay questions, developed through a pilot study, was used to identify preservice teachers’ personal epistemologies and teaching goals at the beginning of science methods instruction. Classroom observation reports, video recorded teaching episodes, lesson plans and self-video reflections were collected to identify connections between their epistemologies, teaching goals, and practice of teaching. Relational and ontological dimensions of epistemological beliefs were found to be useful for understanding preservice teachers’ personal epistemologies and teaching practices. The data suggests that the participants’ espoused teaching goals were relevant to their personal epistemologies when differentiating naive personal epistemologies from the sophisticated, and their emerging teaching practices demonstrated shifts in personal epistemologies and potential for further development in teaching practices. Findings indicate sources of how teaching practices are shaped. Implications for teacher education include needs for addressing ways to deal with teaching constraints for constructivist teaching approaches, collaboration with content course instructors, critical reflection on field experience, and developing induction programs that support continuing development of emerging teaching practices.
Conservation of Electromagnetic Momentum and Shear Radiation Forces Exerted on Left-Handed Material Interfaces

A reversal in the parallel-to-the-surface electromagnetic momentum direction occurs at at left-handed material interfaces. The parallel-to-the-surface shear force resulting from the imparted change in EM momentum, unique to left-handed interfaces, is computed.
Pharmacokinetic studies of pentylenetetrazol in dogs.

Abstract Pharmacokinetic profiles of pentylenetetrazol in the dog were studied following rapid intravenous and oral administrations of a convulsant dose (15–20 mg/kg). Plasma level–time curves after a rapid intravenous injection showed biexponential decline, indicating that the disposition of this drug in the dog follows a two‐compartment body model. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the intravenous data. After oral administration of the solution dose, the peak plasma level appeared at about 30 min postdose, indicating that the absorption occurs rapidly. Areas under the oral plasma level–time curves showed that the drug was absorbed completely and that the first‐pass metabolism effect was minimal. The ligation studies of the kidney and the liver suggested that the main elimination pathway of this drug was biotransformation in the liver. The average plasma half‐life was 1.4 hr. At steady state, the volume of distribution was approximately equivalent to the volume of the total body water.
Oral Health Problems and Significant Weight Loss Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Background Studies of hospitalized and institutionalized older adults suggest a relationship between poor oral health and subsequent weight loss. Given the association between weight loss and subsequent mortality and morbidity, we evaluated how oral health problems contributed to significant weight loss over a 1-year period among a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods The study population consisted of 563 adults aged 70 years and older living at home in rural and urban areas in six New England states. Baseline data included information regarding health status, functional status, physical activity, disease diagnoses, lifestyle behaviors, and cognitive and affective status. Dentists performed oral health assessments. One year later, participants were called and asked questions regarding their health and dietary practices and their current weight. Results Over the 1-year period of follow-up, approximately one third of the sample had lost 4% or more of their previous total body weight; 6% of men and 11% of women lost 10% or more of their previous body weight. Of the subjects, 37% were edentulous; most of these individuals wore full dentures. With gender, income, advanced age, and baseline weight controlled for, edentulousness remained an independent risk factor for significant weight loss (odds ratio 1.63 for 4% weight loss and 2.03 for 10% weight loss). Individuals with increasing numbers of posterior teeth and functional units were at slightly lower risk for weight loss; however, these associations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Dentate status is an important risk factor for clinically significant weight loss among community-dwelling older adults.
A Systematic Approach to Improve Communication for Emergency Response

The importance of communication, information sharing and interoperability in an emergency response scenario have risen recently based on the frequency of disasters throughout the world and the wide range of severities and degrees of impacts. This work contributes to the area of emergency response communication qualitatively by presenting a systematic approach to develop an organizational communication model to improve overall emergency response. Establishing and accessing a reliable communication infrastructure at crisis is crucial in order to have accurate and real-time exchange of information. This work identifies a set of potential network oriented problems in existing interorganizational communication protocols incorporating the information collected at several drill participations and interviewing the first responders. We conquer the complexity of a large, unique and unpredictable emergency response process by a top-down approach. We are constructing a high-level hierarchical Petri net consisting of decoupled individual organizations gathered at a crisis site to model the interactions among different jurisdictions. This abstracts each organization as a sub-block in the overall model which provides flexibility in study at a high-level while does not involve with the details. We present organizational challenges on communication technology and interorganizational communication protocols identified during the drill.
Erwin H. Ackerknecht: Social Medicine and the History of Medicine

Erwin H. Ackerknecht was an influential member of that small group of largely emigre historians of medicine who professionalized their field in the United States. Ackerknecht was influenced by both contemporary social science and an implicitly political vision of social medicine. It was a vision reinforced by his work in social anthropology in Paris in the 1930s, and it is a tradition that has its own intellectual pedigree, one that can be traced back to the era of Rudolf Virchow. It was no accident that Ackerknecht wrote on the social and ecological dimensions of disease, and that he was a vigorous advocate of a powerfully felt but, in retrospect, inconsistent relativism. His emphases on everyday medical practice and on siting ideas in their social and institutional context seem prescient, a forerunner of contemporary trends in social and cultural history.
RunTest: assuring integrity of dataflow processing in cloud computing infrastructures

Cloud computing has emerged as a multi-tenant resource sharing platform, which allows different service providers to deliver software as services in an economical way. However, for many security sensitive applications such as critical data processing, we must provide necessary security protection for migrating those critical application services into shared open cloud infrastructures. In this paper, we present RunTest, a scalable runtime integrity attestation framework to assure the integrity of dataflow processing in cloud infrastructures. RunTest provides light-weight application-level attestation methods to dynamically verify the integrity of data processing results and pinpoint malicious service providers when inconsistent results are detected. We have implemented RunTest within IBM System S dataflow processing system and tested it on NCSU virtual computing lab. Our experimental results show that our scheme is effective and imposes low performance impact for dataflow processing in the cloud infrastructure.
Digestive proteinases of the larger black flour beetle, Cynaeus angustus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Digestion in the larger black flour beetle, Cynaeus angustus (LeConte), was studied to identify new control methods for this pest of stored grains and grain products. The physiological pH of the larval gut, as measured with extracts in water, was approximately 6.1, and the pH for optimal hydrolysis of casein by gut extracts was 6.2 when buffers were reducing. However, under non-reducing conditions, hydrolysis of casein and synthetic serine proteinase substrates was optimal in alkaline buffer. Three major proteinase activities were observed in zymograms using casein or gelatin. Caseinolytic activity of C. angustus gut extracts was inhibited by inhibitors that target aspartic and serine proteinase classes, with minor inhibition by a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. In particular, soybean trypsin and trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitors were most effective in reducing the in vitro caseinolytic activity of gut extracts. Based on these data, further studies are suggested on the effects of dietary soybean inhibitors of serine proteinases, singly and in combination with aspartic and cysteine proteinase inhibitors, on C. angustus larvae. Results from these studies can be used to develop new control strategies to prevent damage to grains and stored products by C. angustus and similar coleopteran pests.
Preference Gaps and Inequality in Representation

In a recent article in PS, Soroka and Wlezien (2008) argue that the policy preferences of low- and high-income Americans rarely differ, and therefore that “regardless of whose preferences policymakers follow … policy will end up in essentially the same place” (325). In this article, I analyze a much larger and more diverse set of policies than those examined by Soroka and Wlezien and show that income-based preference gaps are much larger and more widespread than their data suggest. In terms of federal government policy, the affluent are far better represented than the poor; the findings in this paper indicate that this representational inequality has substantial repercussions across a wide range of policy issues.
Cognitive-affective processing system analysis of intra-individual dynamics in collaborative therapeutic assessment: translating basic theory and research into clinical applications

According to the cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS) model, behavior is a function of how the distinctive cognitive-affective system of the individual responds to one's subjective experience of the situation encountered. Thus an individual's maladaptive coping processes may be understood by identifying the nature of the situations that a client experiences as highly stressful and the psychological reactions they trigger. An initial study established the feasibility and utility of an Internet-based CAPS daily diary program; it was then used to facilitate a clinical stress-management intervention. The daily diary enabled researchers and clinicians to gather Highly-Repeated Within-Persons (HRWP) data on the situational features, cognitions, affect, and coping behaviors associated with daily life stress, which were then analyzed separately for each participant to identify each individual's unique and distinctive pattern of intra-individual dynamics. Results suggested that individuals differed reliably in the features of psychological situations that triggered stress and maladaptive coping behaviors. HRWP analysis of daily diary data enhanced the efficacy of clinical intervention, and clients' self-regulatory capabilities and life satisfaction were shown to increase over the course of the intervention. We discuss how our program of research fits into the larger goals of translational science and current NIMH clinical research priorities.
Progesterone in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Facilitates Estrous Behavior in Ovariectomized, Estrogen-Primed Rats

The putative neural target sites of progesterone (P) action for the facilitation of estrous behavior in female rats were reexamined using the hormone implant technique. Subjects were ovariectomized, estrogen-primed Long-Evans females. All were outfitted with bilateral double barreled cannulae assemblies consisting of 23-gauge guide cannulae and 28-gauge inserts. Subjects in Exp 1 received sc injections of individually determined threshold priming doses of estradiol benzoate. Estrogenic priming for subjects in Exp 2 was provided by sc placed Silastic capsules (5 mm) filled with 17 beta-estradiol-cholesterol (1:20). Each subject was tested for estrous behavior with a male after P-filled cannulae and after blank inserts were lowered into the brain. Behavioral tests were conducted 1 and 4.5 h postcannulae placement. Thirty-five of 40 females with P in the ventromedial hypothalamus exhibited high levels of lordosis behavior during the 4.5-h test. Moreover, 29 of the 35 exhibited solicitation behavior as well. Estrous behavior was not exhibited by these animals during the 1-h test. Implants in other regions of the brain (i.e. mesencephalic reticular formation, preoptic area, central grey, caudate putamen, and hippocampus; n = 80) did not consistently facilitate estrous responsiveness. In Exp 3, levels of estrous responsiveness were similar before and after adrenalectomy (n = 10); thus, facilitation of estrous behavior by P-filled implants in the ventromedial hypothalamus was not dependent upon activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
A diffusion approximation analysis of an ATM statistical multiplexer with multiple types of traffic .II. Time-dependent solutions

We introduce a diffusion model to approximately characterize a statistical multiplexer for a heterogeneous set of traffic sources, which is a basis for ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) fast packet switching in the future B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital networks). Under a reasonable set of assumptions, this diffusion process can then be approximated by a multi-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which is a Gaussian Markov process. The packet arrival process is shown to be a Gaussian (but not Markov) process, which adequately captures the correlated nature of packet arrivals and determine the statistical behavior of the buffer content. Some simulated sample paths and estimated correlation functions (or the correlograms) are shown to verify the diffusion approximation. We then apply our analytical results to evaluate the multiplexer's dynamic behavior, i.e., the time-dependent packet loss probabilities and the transient periods at the cell and burst levels. >
c-Ha-ras gene bidirectional promoter expressed in vitro: location and regulation

Increased transcriptional activity of the c-Ha-ras gene product is correlated with induction of several important human tumor types. For this reason, we have investigated the nature of the c-Ha-ras promoter and the factors that regulate its expression. Using S1 and primer extension analysis of c-Ha-ras RNA from EJ cells, we have identified 18 initiation sites within an upstream exon (exon -1) whose 3' end (the donor splice site [D]) is located 1,105 base pairs (bp) upstream of the ATG codon. The furthest-upstream initiation site is located -191 bp relative to D, and the furthest downstream is located -16 bp relative to D. Transient expression assays, in which a series of mutants spanning this region were ligated to a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase vector, functionally confirmed the position and extent of this promoter. Mutational analysis further located a 47-bp element located between -243 and -196 relative to D that up-regulated transcriptional activity of the promoter region by 20- to 40-fold. This region contained both a GC box known to bind SP1 and a CCAAT box. Insertion of a simian virus 40 enhancer 5' to the promoter up-regulated transcription from each initiation site by approximately 10- to 20-fold. We have also localized, both by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay and by S1 analysis, a strong promoter operating in the direction opposite that of the gene and originating immediately 5' to the 47-bp regulatory region. The reverse promoter was found to have nine initiation sites between -248 and -278 relative to D.
Cognitive Evaluation of Spatial Formalisms: Intuitive Granularities of Overlap Relations

The authors present four human behavioral experiments to address the question of intuitive granularities in fundamental spatial relations as they can be found in formal spatial calculi. These calculi focus on invariant characteristics under certain (especially topological) transformations. Of particular interest to this article is the concept of two spatially extended entities overlapping each other. The overlap concept has been extensively treated in Galton's mode of overlap calculus (Galton, 1998). In the first two experiments, the authors used a category construction task to calibrate this calculus against behavioral data and found that participants adopted a very coarse view on the concept of overlap and distinguished only between three general relations: proper part, overlap, and non-overlap. In the following two experiments, the authors changed the instructions to explicitly address the possibility that humans could be swayed to adopt a more detailed level of granularity, that is, the authors encouraged them to create as many meaningful groups as possible. The results show that the three relations identified in the first two experiments (overlap, non-overlap, and proper part) are very robust and a natural level of granularity across all four experiments. However, the results also reveal that contextual factors gain more influence at finer levels of granularity.
Identifying content blocks from web documents

Intelligent information processing systems, such as digital libraries or search engines index web-pages according to their informative content. However, web-pages contain several non-informative contents, e.g., navigation sidebars, advertisements, copyright notices, etc. It is very important to separate the informative “primary content blocks” from these non-informative blocks. In this paper, two algorithms, FeatureExtractor and K-FeatureExtractor are proposed to identify the “primary content blocks” based on their features. None of these algorithms require any supervised learning, but still can identify the “primary content blocks” with high precision and recall. While operating on several thousand web-pages obtained from 15 different websites, our algorithms significantly outperform the Entropy-based algorithm proposed by Lin and Ho [14] in both precision and run-time.
Stress drop with constant, scale independent seismic efficiency and overshoot

To model dissipated and radiated energy during earthquake stress drop, I calculate dynamic fault slip using a single degree of freedom spring-slider block and a laboratory-based static/kinetic fault strength relation with a dynamic stress drop proportional to effective normal stress. The model is scaled to earthquake size assuming a circular rupture; stiffness varies inversely with rupture radius, and rupture duration is proportional to radius. Calculated seismic efficiency, the ratio of radiated to total energy expended during stress drop, is in good agreement with laboratory and field observations. Predicted overshoot, a measure of how much the static stress drop exceeds the dynamic stress drop, is higher than previously published laboratory and seismic observations and fully elasto-dynamic calculations. Seismic efficiency and overshoot are constant, independent of normal stress and scale. Calculated variation of apparent stress with seismic moment resembles the observational constraints of McGarr [1999].
Antisera to γG Globulin and to its Structural Subunits; Comparison as to Relative Efficacy as Coombs' Reagents*

Abstract : Antiglobulin reagents prepared to some of the structural subunits of gamma-G globulin were found to be no more sensitive than standard Coomb's sera for the detection of incomplete anti-erythrocyte antibodies.
The Odd Man Out How Fathers Navigate the Special Education System

Research about parent experiences with the special education system is largely dominated by the perspectives of mothers. Using purposeful sampling techniques, we interviewed 20 active fathers about their experiences navigating the special education system. All the fathers described three primary roles they experienced, including acting as a partner, advocate, and student. With respect to each of these roles, the fathers also described feeling as if they were not a part of the team, describing themselves as “the odd man out.” Each construct is discussed in detail, along with implications for practice.
Use of the novel technique of analytical ultracentrifugation with fluorescence detection system identifies a 77S monosomal translation complex

A fundamental problem in proteomics is the identification of protein complexes and their components. We have used analytical ultracentrifugation with a fluorescence detection system (AU-FDS) to precisely and rapidly identify translation complexes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Following a one-step affinity purification of either poly(A)-binding protein (PAB1) or the large ribosomal subunit protein RPL25A in conjunction with GFP-tagged yeast proteins/RNAs, we have detected a 77S translation complex that contains the 80S ribosome, mRNA, and components of the closed-loop structure, eIF4E, eIF4G, and PAB1. This 77S structure, not readily observed previously, is consistent with the monosomal translation complex. The 77S complex abundance decreased with translational defects and following the stress of glucose deprivation that causes translational stoppage. By quantitating the abundance of the 77S complex in response to different stress conditions that block translation initiation, we observed that the stress of glucose deprivation affected translation initiation primarily by operating through a pathway involving the mRNA cap binding protein eIF4E whereas amino acid deprivation, as previously known, acted through the 43S complex. High salt conditions (1M KCl) and robust heat shock acted at other steps. The presumed sites of translational blockage caused by these stresses coincided with the types of stress granules, if any, which are subsequently formed.
Transdifferentiation of NRP-152 rat prostatic basal epithelial cells toward a luminal phenotype: regulation by glucocorticoid, insulin-like growth factor-I and transforming growth factor-beta

The role of basal epithelial cells in prostatic function, development and carcinogenesis is unknown. The ability of basal prostatic epithelial cells to acquire a luminal phenotype was explored in vitro using the NRP-152 rat dorsal-lateral prostate epithelial cell line as a model system. NRP-152, which was spontaneously immortalized and clonally derived, is an androgen-responsive and nontumorigenic cell line that has a basal cell phenotype under normal growth conditions. However, when placed in mitogen-deficient media, these cells undergo a dramatic morphological change to a luminal phenotype. Under these growth-restrictive conditions, immunocytochemical analysis shows that NRP-152 cells acquire the luminal markers Z0-1 (a tight-junction associated protein), occludin (integral tight-junction protein), and cytokeratin 18, and lose the basal markers cytokeratins 5 and 14. Total protein and mRNA levels of cytokeratins 8, 18, c-CAM 105 (the calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule) and Z0-1, as detected by western and/or northern blot analyses, respectively, are induced, while cytokeratin 5 and 15 are lost, and occludin is unchanged. Concomitant with this differentiation, expression of transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2), TGF-beta3, and TGF-beta receptor type II (TbetaRII) is induced, while those of TGF-beta1 and TbetaRI remain essentially unchanged. Mitogens, such as insulin-like growth factor-I and dexamethasone inhibit luminal differentiation, while exogenous TGF-beta induces such differentiation. These data together with TGF-beta neutralization experiments using pan-specific antibody implicate an important role for autocrine TGF-beta in the induction of the luminal differentiation.
Prevention of Substance-Related Problems

This text has focused on the recognition and treatment of a range of substance-related difficulties. I have introduced the reader to a scheme for placing substances into categories based on the usual effects at the usual doses. This classification in turn has served as the basis for the discussion of the history, the pharmacology, and the recognition and treatment of emergency problems related to each of the categories of drugs. My hope has been to offer a book from which interested readers can gain greater general knowledge of substances of abuse and of dependence, and to develop a useful handbook for clinical situations.
Physical, Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Mediators of Activity Involvement and Health in Later Life

The current study tests the indirect effect of activity-related physical activity, cognitive activity, social interaction, and emotional exchange on the relationship between activity involvement and health (physical and emotional) in later life. Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 5,442) were used to estimate a series of linear regression models. We found significant indirect effects for social interaction and benefit to others (emotional exchange) on emotional health (depressive symptoms) and indirect effects for use of body and benefit to others (physical) on physical health (frailty). The most potent indirect effect associated with emotional and physical health was experienced by those engaged in all four domains (use of body, use of mind, social interaction, and benefit to others). While effect sizes are small and results should be interpreted with caution, findings shed light on ways in which public health interventions aimed toward increasing role engagement in later life could be improved.
4D gravity monitoring of fluid movement at Delhi Field, LA: A feasibility study with seismic and well data

†Summary In this paper, we present a multi-faceted feasibility study for monitoring fluid movement in a reservoir at various injection times using 4D micro-gravity method. Simulations are performed using a representation of the Delhi Field, LA, constructed by directly integrating seismic and well data. We then analyze anomaly amplitudes and inversion performance with respect to data noise. Results demonstrate a strong likelihood of imaging bulk fluid movement over the life of the project, as well as at early stages of CO2 injection into the thicker down-dip sequences within the reservoir. In contrast, there is a limited ability to recover fluid contact movement in the thinner up-dip regions of the reservoir.
Sociotechnical design factors in remote instrumentation with humans in natural environments

The use of telemetering and remote communication devices is becoming increasingly popular in clinical and social psychology. There are, however, a number of technical, economic, and social constraints that may limit severely the practical application of such instrumentation. A brief review of certain design factors including communication modality, social acceptability, complexity of the system, relative cost, data-reduction procedures, and FCC regulations is presented as a preliminary guide to system development.
The Value of Visualization With More Than 256 Colors

Summary This paper demonstrates the value of visualization with more than standard 256 colors used by most interpreters. We address the limitations of current commercial software and potential solutions. We show that using more than 256 colors in multiattribute display can reveal more features of interest and avoid artifacts.
ASCI of the Pezizales V: The Apical Apparatus of Trichobolus Zukalii

SUMMARYMorphological and cytochemical examination of the ascal wall of Trichobolus zukalii and its associated mechanism of dehiscence was made. Layering of the ascal wall was enhanced by the stains, Congo red and toluidine blue for light microscopy and by silver methenamine for electron microscopy. At spore liberation a wide operculum is infrequently formed. Ascal dehiscence occurs typically by an irregular rupture of the wall at the apex. The mature ascal wall does not appear to have a distinct apical apparatus. The wall is thinnest at the apex and consists of two layers. Each layer becomes conspicuously stratified toward the base of the ascus. The external region of the outer layer is longitudinally ribbed at the tip.