cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rydberg states of benzene

Abstract The Rydberg states of benzene arising from excitations from the highest-occupied π orbital to s-, p-, and d-type orbitals are treated theoretically. All electrons are included and the calculated states satisfy the energy variational theorem. Calculations are essentially SCF calculations with the only multideterminant interactions being those required to treat the multiplet splitting. The treatment is kept simple by extracting all exchange integral information from SCF calculations using different input fields. The calculated energy spectrum is in good agreement with extensive experimental data for the singlet series up to n = 5 states. Predictions are made for the triplet series.
Issues Relevant to a Consumer Art Show

Abstract The exhibiting of fine art created by persons living with mental illness has become widespread in recent years, with several associations collecting and showing pieces at national venues, including the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, The National Mental Health Association, National Artists for Mental Health, and the Very Special Arts Gallery. Some researchers who have examined the works of scores of eminent artists, writers and musicians have found a positive relationship between affective disorders and creative genius. The first author of this paper, who describes his work with a consumer art show in Illinois, questions whether this apparent abundance of creative aptitude translates from elite populations of artists to the general population of persons with mental illness. Experts in the field differ as to whether there is any greater incidence of talent among the general population of artists who are mentally ill and the general population of artists.
The molybdenum spectrum emitted by a tokamak plasma in the 300–500 Å range

Abstract Lines belonging to ionization states ranging from Mo VI to Mo XIV have been observed in the Alcator A tokamak plasma. New lines of Mo XIII, among them a forbidden magnetic quadrupole line, have been identified and classified.
Peroxisomal Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases Peroxin2 and Peroxin10 Have Distinct But Synergistic Roles in Matrix Protein Import and Peroxin5 Retrotranslocation in Arabidopsis

Peroxisomal matrix proteins carry peroxisomal targeting signals (PTSs), PTS1 or PTS2, and are imported into the organelle with the assistance of peroxin (PEX) proteins. From a microscopy-based screen to identify Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants defective in matrix protein degradation, we isolated unique mutations in PEX2 and PEX10, which encode ubiquitin-protein ligases anchored in the peroxisomal membrane. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), PEX2, PEX10, and a third ligase, PEX12, ubiquitinate a peroxisome matrix protein receptor, PEX5, allowing the PEX1 and PEX6 ATP-hydrolyzing enzymes to retrotranslocate PEX5 out of the membrane after cargo delivery. We found that the pex2-1 and pex10-2 Arabidopsis mutants exhibited defects in peroxisomal physiology and matrix protein import. Moreover, the pex2-1 pex10-2 double mutant exhibited severely impaired growth and synergistic physiological defects, suggesting that PEX2 and PEX10 function cooperatively in the wild type. The pex2-1 lesion restored the unusually low PEX5 levels in the pex6-1 mutant, implicating PEX2 in PEX5 degradation when retrotranslocation is impaired. PEX5 overexpression altered pex10-2 but not pex2-1 defects, suggesting that PEX10 facilitates PEX5 retrotranslocation from the peroxisomal membrane. Although the pex2-1 pex10-2 double mutant displayed severe import defects of both PTS1 and PTS2 proteins into peroxisomes, both pex2-1 and pex10-2 single mutants exhibited clear import defects of PTS1 proteins but apparently normal PTS2 import. A similar PTS1-specific pattern was observed in the pex4-1 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme mutant. Our results indicate that Arabidopsis PEX2 and PEX10 cooperate to support import of matrix proteins into plant peroxisomes and suggest that some PTS2 import can still occur when PEX5 retrotranslocation is slowed.
EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND SHROUDING METHOD ON QUALITY AND PALATABILITY OF BEEF CARCASSES

For evaluation of the effects of film overwrap and electrical shock postmortem on carcass quality traits and palatability of meat, 24 sides of beef were assigned to one of four treatments: (1) control–no electrical shock and cloth shroud only; (2) electrical shock and cloth shroud only; (3) no electrical shock and cloth shroud plus PVC film overwrap; and (4) electrical shock and cloth shroud plus PVC film overwrap. Metal pins were placed in the muscle of the round near the achilles tendon and in the muscles between the scapula and the thoracic vertebrae. Carcasses were shocked within 1 hr postmortem and before chilling. Sides were chilled 18 hr at 2–3°C prior to ribbing. Following ribbing and a 15 min bloom time, each side was evaluated for quality grade and yield grade characteristics and scored for heat-ring, color, texture and firmness. Electrical stimulation significantly decreased heat-ring and improved lean color, texture and tenderness. PVC film overwrap contributed little above the effects of electrical stimulation. These data suggested that electrical stimulation significantly decreased the incidence of heatring.
A PRECISION CLOCK FOR MEASURING TIME INTERVALS

Abstract A precision electronic clock which uses 10 Mc pulses to measure time intervals is described. The linearity and the average channel width of the system were determined by measuring time intervals between randomly distributed pulses. In these tests about 250 000 counts per channel were accumulated showing that the system was linear. The slope of the random distribution of pulses was 0.000 02±0.0003 per channel. It was also found, to an accuracy of 0.016%, that the channel width of the time scale was equal to the period of the 10 Mc oscillator. This system is suitable for time interval measurements in a region from 0–15 μsec with an 0.1 μsec resolution.
Hybrid Cardiovascular Procedures

A hybrid strategy combines the treatments traditionally available only in the catheterization laboratory with those traditionally available only in the operating room to offer patients the best available therapies for any given set of cardiovascular lesions. Examples include hybrid coronary revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]/percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) wherein a left internal mammary artery graft is placed on the left anterior descending artery (left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD]) either by minimally invasive or open technique and combined with PCI of non-LAD vessels. Other examples include minimally invasive valve surgery combined with PCI to coronary lesions (valve/PCI), to convert a high-risk valve/CABG into a lower-risk isolated minimally invasive valve procedure. Several questions remain unresolved, such as the order in which surgery and PCI should be performed, the duration of the staging of the 2 procedures, antiplatelet strategies, the costs, and the logistics. Other areas in which hybrid approaches are being developed include hybrid endomyocardial/epicardial atrial fibrillation procedures and hybrid aortic arch debranching combined with endovascular grafting for thoracic aortic procedures. The key requirement in all of these approaches is the need for collaboration between cardiac surgeons, vascular surgeons, and interventional cardiologists to obtain optimal patient outcomes.
THE USE OF BASIC ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: A SURVEY OF COUNTIES AND CITIES IN GEORGIA

As the role of county and city managers expands, it becomes prudent for these decision makers to consider the variety of analytic tools available to them. While existence of these techniques is known, extent of use is often unknown. This study examines the use of these techniques among county and city governments throughout Georgia, trends of use between jurisdictions with large versus small population, and perceived value of these analytic tools. Our results found that analytic techniques such as lease or buy and annualizing costs of capital items were the most common techniques countywide, while cities additionally reported cost-benefit analysis, identifying full costs of a program, and potential gains through timely invoicing as most common. Correlations showed evidence that larger populated counties tended to favor opportunity costs, present values, discounting techniques, demand analysis, and process flow charting. Finally, very few respondents indicated that any of these techniques were ineffective.
The 77-K Stress and Strain Dependence of the Critical Current of YBCO Coated Conductors and Lap Joints

The electromechanical performance of commercially available YBCO high-temperature superconductor (HTS) is characterized in support of the 32T all-superconducting magnet program at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. Accurate characterization of the HTS coated conductors mechanical properties are essential for the aggressive high-field magnet design. Here, we report the 77-K stress-strain behavior of a series of conductors with varying thickness coatings of copper. The electromechanical performance of the conductors is determined in tests to measure the critical current as a function of applied axial strain, at 77-K in self field. Available conductor lengths necessitate a magnet design with soldered lap joints and the subsequent evaluation the lap joint performance reported here. Reports of low transverse strength and conductor delamination due transverse ( c-axis) tensile stress prompted tests to measure the conductors' electrical performance in the presence of transverse stress that are also reported.
The Clinical Implications of Samoilov and Goldfried's Perspective on Emotion in Cognitive‐Behavior Therapy

Samoilov and Coldfried (this issue) argue that there should be a change in the way the expression of emotion is regarded in cognitive-behavior therapy. Their proposal, following Robert Zajonc (1980), that emotions are not always linked to cognitions, rests on a restrictive definition of cognition. One of the clinical implications of their thesis, that emotions should be elicited in CBT, rather than avoided, is seen to have merit. But they appear to stop short of offering clinical change methods, or explicating change mechanisms, that operate at a noncognitive emotional level.
The status of parallel processing education

The IEEE Technical Committee on Parallel Processing (TCPP) was formed in 1992 to provide a forum for scientists and engineers throughout the world to exchange ideas on parallel processing. As part of its mission, the TCPP is concerned with establishing guidelines for parallel processing education. This report concentrates on developing the basis for such an undertaking by examining the status of parallelism in the post-secondary education process. >
REVIEWS AND REMARKS

Abstract THE LIBRARY COMPENSATION HANDBOOK: A GUIDE FOR LIBRARY ADMINISTRATORS, LIBRARIANS, AND STAFF. Baldwin, David A. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2003, 272 pp., $47.50, 156308970X., Reviewed by Linda Collins. COACHING IN THE LIBRARY: A MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING EXCELLENCE. Metz, Ruth F. Chicago: American Library Association, 2002, 105 pp., $45.00, 0-8389-0809-8., Reviewed by Tess Gibson. DELIVERING SATISFACTION AND SERVICE QUALITY. Hernon, Peter and John R. Whitman. Chicago: American Library Association, 2001, 160 pp., $40.00, 0-8389-0789-X. Reviewed by Carol Goodson. AN ACTION PLAN FOR OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT IN YOUR LIBRARY. Hernon, Peter and Robert E. Dugan. Chicago: American Library Association, 2002, 192 pp., $49.00, 0-8389-0813-6., Reviewed by Robert H. Burger. THE ULTIMATE DIGITAL LIBRARY: WHERE THE NEW INFOR-MATION PLAYERS MEET. Pace, Andrew K. Chicago: American Library Association, 2003, $35.00, 0-8389-0844-6., Reviewed by Mary S. Molineux. STAFF DEVELOPMENT: A PRACTICAL GUIDE, 3rd ...
Ecology: Good dirt with good friends

An analysis of data from forests across the planet reveals that the types of beneficial fungus with which tree roots associate determine the amount of carbon stored in soils. See Letter p.543 Ecosystems differ in the type of plant-associated mycorrhizal fungi (root symbionts associated with nearly all land plants) that dominate. Ectomycorrhiza and ericoid mycorrhizal (EEM) fungi produce nitrogen-degrading enzymes, whereas arbuscular mycorrhiza do not, leading to the prediction that plants in the EEM ecosystems will compete with decomposers for soil nitrogen and therefore increase soil carbon storage. These authors assemble a global data set to show that this is indeed the case, with 70% more carbon storage in EEM ecosystems than in ecosystems dominated by arbuscular mycorrhiza, and that mycorrhizal type is more important than other determinants of soil carbon storage levels.
Cognitive fatigue during a test requiring sustained attention: a pilot study

Background: Fatigue is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), but difficulty quantifying fatigue severity has impeded studies of its characteristics, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Motor fatigue can be objectively measured as the decline in strength occurring during sustained contractio ns. A nalogous declines in cognitive performance occur during tasks requiring sustained attentio n. Objective: To objectively measure cognitive fatigue as a decline in performance during tests requiring sustained attentio n. Design/Methods: Patients with clinically stable MS (n=20) and healthy controls (n=21) with comparable age, gender, and education completed the Paced A uditory Serial A ddition Test (PA SAT) and the Digit O rdering Test (DOT) at two identical test sessions separated by 4-10 days, within a month after two practice sessions. C ognitive fatigue was quantified with two pre-specified methods for each test. The reliability of cognitive fatigue assessments was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC...
Efficient generation of CW supercontinuum in optical fiber pumped by ASE light

We propose a new and efficient approach to generation of a continuous-wave supercontinuum in optical fiber pumped by an amplified spontaneous emission light. A bandwidth of 268 nm (at -15 dB level) with an average spectral density of 2.7 mW/nm is demonstrated.
Eleven days of moderate exercise and heat exposure induces acclimation without significant HSP70 and apoptosis responses of lymphocytes in college-aged males

The purpose of this study was to assess whether a lymphocyte heat shock response and altered heat tolerance to ex vivo heat shock is evident during acclimation. We aimed to use flow cytometry to assess the CD3+CD4+ T lymphocyte cell subset. We further aimed to induce acclimation using moderately stressful daily exercise-heat exposures to achieve acclimation. Eleven healthy males underwent 11 days of heat acclimation. Subjects walked for 90 min (50 ± 8% VO2max) on a treadmill (3.5 mph, 5% grade), in an environmental chamber (33°C, 30–50% relative humidity). Rectal temperature (°C), heart rate (in beats per minute), rating of perceived exertion , thermal ratings, hydration state, and sweat rate were measured during exercise and recovery. On days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 11, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from pre- and post-exercise blood samples. Intracellular and surface HSP70 (SPA-820PE, Stressgen, Assay Designs), and annexin V (ab14085, Abcam Inc.), as a marker of early apoptosis, were measured on CD3+ and CD4+ (sc-70624, sc-70670, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) gated lymphocytes. On day 10, subjects experienced 28 h of sleep loss. Heat acclimation was verified with decreased post-exercise rectal temperature, heart rate, and increased sweat rate on day 11, versus day 1. Heat acclimation was achieved in the absence of significant changes in intracellular HSP70 mean fluorescence intensity and percent of HSP70+ lymphocytes during acclimation. Furthermore, there was no increased cellular heat tolerance during secondary ex vivo heat shock of the lymphocytes acquired from subjects during acclimation. There was no effect of a mild sleep loss on any variable. We conclude that our protocol successfully induced physiological acclimation without induction of cellular heat shock responses in lymphocytes and that added mild sleep loss is not sufficient to induce a heat shock response.
Neither IL-17A mRNA Nor IL-17A Protein Are Detectable in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Lesions

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease characterized by heterogeneous lesions including CD207+/CD1a+ dendritic cells that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The etiology of LCH remains speculative, and neoplastic and inflammatory origins have been debated for decades. A recent study identified abundant interleukin-17 (IL-17A) protein in dendritic cells in LCH lesions as well as in plasma from patients with active disease. Furthermore, it identified dendritic cells as a novel source of IL-17A expression. However, subsequent studies from our research group failed to identify any IL-17A gene expression from CD207+ dendritic cells or CD3+ T cells in LCH lesions. In this study, further investigation once again fails to identify any cells in LCH lesions with IL-17A gene expression. Furthermore, IL-17A antigen is undetectable in LCH lesion lysates with western blotting, immunoprecipitation, spectral analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blots, immunoprecipitation, and ELISA experiments also demonstrate that antibodies used in original studies that established the IL-17A hypothesis for pathogenesis of LCH recognize nonspecific proteins. We conclude that evidence for IL-17A as a significant factor in LCH remains inadequate and clinical trials targeting IL-17A remain unjustified.
Feasibility of single-voxel MRS measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient of water in breast tumors

We report initial results with single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) using diffusion weighting and localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (LASER) in breast tumors to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCw). This is a quick (30 s) and relatively easy method to implement compared with image-based diffusion measurements, and is insensitive to lipid signal contamination. The ADCw and concentration of total choline containing compounds [tCho] were evaluated for associations with each other and final pathologic diagnosis in 25 subjects. The average (+/- SD) ADCw in benign and malignant lesions was 1.96 +/- 0.47 mm(2)/s and 1.26 +/- 0.29 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, respectively, P< 0.001. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.92. Analysis of the single voxel (SV) ADCw and [tCho] showed significant correlation with a R(2) of 0.56, P< 0.001. Compared with more commonly used image-based methods of measuring water ADC, SV-ADCw is faster, more robust, insensitive to fat, and potentially easier to implement on standard clinical systems.
Chromatographic measurement of molecular markers of sources of atmospheric aerosol particles

Various organic compounds in aerosol particles in ambient air near a coniferous forest fire in Boulder, Colorado were identified as molecular markers of wood burning and forest fires. Particle samples were collected by filtering small volumes of air. The samples were analysed using thermal desorption followed by gas chromatographic separation and detection, a highly sensitive analytical method. Several compounds unique to softwood combustion were identified in the samples. Additionally, a predominance of odd-carbon-numbered n-alkanes over the corresponding even-carbon-numbered n-alkanes was observed. This predominance is a well-documented molecular pattern indicative of epicutical waxes in plants.
Restoration of liver function in Gunn rats without immunosuppression using transplanted microencapsulated hepatocytes.

Microencapsulation of cells within synthetic semipermeable membranes is a novel technique that enables the transplantation of cell cultures without the need for immunosuppression. We have previously shown that transplanted isolated encapsulated hepatocytes can provide sufficient short-term metabolic support to improve the survival of animals with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Here we have demonstrated the feasibility of isolated encapsulated hepatocyte transplantation in providing long-term metabolic liver support in Gunn rats. Gunn rats have a congenital inability to conjugate bilirubin and thus exhibit lifelong hyperbilirubinemia. We studied the feasibility of isolated encapsulated hepatocyte transplantation in restoring this specific liver function. Free hepatocytes, isolated from male Wistar rats, were microencapsulated with collagen within a trilayered sodium alginate-poly-L-lysine-sodium alginate membrane using techniques developed in our laboratory. A total of 45 Gunn rats underwent intraperitoneal transplantation with free hepatocytes (5 × 107), isolated encapsulated hepatocytes (5 × 107), control (empty) microcapsules or no transplant (untreated controls). Serum bilirubin levels were monitored daily for 10 days after transplantation, and subsequent weekly samples were obtained for up to 1 mo. Microcapsules were studied by light and electron microscopy 1 mo after transplantation. During the first week after transplantation, the mean maximum reduction in serum bilirubin levels for the isolated encapsulated hepatocytes, free hepatocytes and control microcapsule transplanted groups was 45.7%, 18.6% and 14.3%, respectively. For up to 1 mo thereafter the mean reduction in serum bilirubin levels in these respective groups was 34.8%, 13.5% and 3.3%. Light and electron microscopy of the isolated encapsulated hepatocytes revealed preservation of a number of hepatocytes containing numerous mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies and glycogen. We conclude that isolated encapsulated hepatocyte transplantation was effective in significantly lowering serum bilirubin levels in the Gunn rat. Transplantation of isolated encapsulated hepatocytes is a unique approach to the restoration of at least one liver function in congenital liver deficiency. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1342–1349).
“State of the Art” for Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Objectives

(1977). “State of the Art” for Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Objectives. The Journal of Environmental Education: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 50-63.
A 1D Monoenergetic Neutron Transport Benchmark in an Infinite Medium

Analytical or semi-analytical benchmarks for the neutron transport equation are relatively infrequent. Some may argue they are no longer necessary because of the enormous computing power and computational technology that is now available. While to some extent true, they can still provide valuable code verification and also serve to teach theoretical and numerical transport methods not taught by executing MATLAB, MAPLE or MATHEMATICA programs or Monte Carlo simulations. The focus of this presentation is on a new analytical solution technique for the solution of the 1D, monoenergetic Green’s function for neutron transport. In this formulation, we consider the analytical solution to a three–term recurrence for flux moments resulting in a semi–analytical benchmark. We then apply the benchmark to assess the accuracy of the PN approximation leading to a rather unexpected result.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Sudden Cardiac Death

T he cardiac autonomic nervous system consists of 2 branches—the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems—that work in a delicately tuned, yet opposing fashion in the heart. This extrinsic control mechanism can dominate intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that modulate heart rate and cardiac output. These branches differ in their neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and acetylcholine) and exert stimulatory or inhibitory effects on target tissue via adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. Stimulation of the sympathetic branch exerts facilitatory effects on function, increasing heart rate and myocardial contractility, whereas the stimulation of the parasympathetic branch exerts inhibitory effects that decrease heart rate and contractility. The interplay between these two branches is complex and susceptible to control at several levels, from centrally mediated baroreceptors and chemoreceptors to local interneuronal interactions. Alterations in autonomic function occur in several interrelated cardiac conditions including sudden cardiac death, congestive heart failure, diabetic neuropathy, and myocardial ischemia. Although the full extent of these changes has not been elucidated, multiple autonomic remodeling mechanisms have been observed at both the neuronal fiber and myocardial cellular level that contribute to an arrhythmogenic substrate. We describe the anatomy of both systems in this review. However, the review will premdominantly
Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Function Using Echocardiography in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Elevated Diastolic Pressures

There is controversy regarding the nature of systolic function in patients with elevated filling pressure and preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. In this study, tissue Doppler variables and 2-dimensional echocardiographic systolic strain (SS) and systolic strain rate (SSr) were measured in patients who underwent cardiac catheterization to determine correlations with invasively measured LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), dP/dt, and LV mass. Forty patients were studied. Their mean age was 55.9 ± 9.9 years, and their mean LV ejection fraction was 59.8 ± 5.2%. Tissue Doppler systolic annular velocity (5.4 ± 1.1 vs 6.4 ± 1.0 cm/s, p = 0.04), SS (13.4 ± 3.7% vs 18.8 ± 2.3%, p 20 mm Hg compared with those with LVEDP 20 mm Hg and those with LVEDP 20 mm Hg were SSr 20 mm Hg, suggesting that systolic abnormalities are present in at least some of these patients. These differences are likely because invasively measured dP/dt and these echocardiographic variables measure different systolic properties in patients with preserved LV ejection fraction.
Impact of surface thermodynamics on bacterial transport

Microbial surface thermodynamics correlated with bacterial transport in saturated porous media. The surface thermodynamics was characterized by contact-angle measurement and the wicking method, which was related to surface free energies of Lifshitz-van der Waals interaction, Lewis acid-base interaction, and electrostatic interaction between the bacteria and the medium matrix. Transport of three different strains of bacteria present at three physiological states was measured in columns of silica gel and sand from the Canadian River Alluvium (Norman, OK, USA). Microorganisms in stationary state had the highest deposit on solid matrix, compared with logarithmic and decay states. The deposition correlated with the total surface free energy (DeltaG132TOT) and the differences in DeltaG132TOT were mainly controlled by the Lewis acid-base interaction. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the increased deposition correlated with an increase in the hydrogen-bonding functional groups on the cell surfaces.
Chile: The Legacy of Hispanic Capitalism

INTRODUCTION 1 LAND AND SOCIETY 2 THE POLITICS OF CONQUEST 3 HISPANIC CAPITALISM 4 INDEPENDENCE AND THE AUTOCRATIC REPUBLIC 5 MODERNIZATION AND MISERY 6 NITRATE 7 POLITICS, LABOUR AND THE SOCIAL QUESTION 8 CHILEAN DEMOCRACY 9 CHRISTIANS AND MARXISTS 10 DICTATORSHIP 11 CONCERTACION: THE PAST AND PRESENT
Fatigue et sclérose en plaques

Resume Meme si la definition et la pathophysiologie de la fatigue dans la sclerose en plaques (SEP) restent sujettes a controverse, et en depit de la paucite de marqueurs objectifs correles a la sensation subjective de fatigue, l'analyse des donnees de la litterature montre l'importance de sa detection et de sa prise en charge et permet de proposer des strategies therapeutiques. La fatigue est non seulement l'un des symptomes les plus frequents dans la SEP, mais aussi une cause frequente de limitation des activites et de la participation, de detresse psychologique, et d'alteration de la qualite de vie. Sa prise en charge, qui doit etre precoce, repose sur une evaluation exhaustive de ses caracteristiques et de ses consequences (parfois a l'aide d'echelles telles que la Fatigue severity scale et la modified fatigue impact scale), et sur l'identification des nombreux facteurs contributifs potentiels (troubles psychologiques, troubles du sommeil, douleur, infections et autres comorbidites, medicaments, et deconditionnement a l'effort). Les interventions reeducatives sont essentielles au traitement de la fatigue. Au-dela des traditionnelles strategies de conservation de l'energie et techniques de refroidissement, plusieurs etudes randomisees ont montre l'impact positif de l'exercice aerobique. Les traitements medicamenteux sont partiellement benefiques, et a l'exception de l'amantadine, leur efficacite n'a pas ete confirmee par des essais therapeutiques randomises en double insu.
Electrochemical behavior of diamond-reinforced composites

A diamond-reinforced 1100 aluminum matrix composite (DRC) containing 15% by volume of 30 μm diamond particles was fabricated using standard powder metallurgy techniques at 600 °C. A temperature higher than that required solely for composite consolidation was selected to investigate whether carbide formation occurred. Scanning electron micrographs and Raman spectroscopy showed no detectable amount of carbide formation. Electrochemical testing showed that the pitting potential of the composite was the same as that of the pure matrix material, which also indicates that either carbides did not form or the amount formed was so small as not to alter the breakdown potential of the DRC.
Effect of Ca2+ binding properties of troponin C on rate of skeletal muscle force redevelopment

To investigate effects of altering troponin (Tn)C Ca2+ binding properties on rate of skeletal muscle contraction, we generated three mutant TnCs with increased or decreased Ca2+ sensitivities. Ca2+...
Role of toxins in evolution and ecology of plant pathogenic fungi

Many fungal pathogens of plants adapt readily to changes in agriculture. Among the most revealing is a fungal group whose species produce host-selective toxins as key determinants of disease. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that these fungi evolved from opportunistic, low-grade pathogens by gaining new genetic information leading to toxin production; in some species, toxin production is known to be under single gene control. as a result of this evolution, these fungi became virulent and host-specialized. The best-known model cases belong to the generaCochliobolus andAlternaria; there are suggestions of evolutionary lines among these genera, with species that range from saprophytes to opportunists to specialized pathogens. Host specialization can lead to genetic isolation, a first step in speciation. Ability to produce host-selective toxin has allowed these fungi to exploit the monocultures and genetic uniformity of modern agriculture. Destructive epidemics have been the result.
Structure-function analysis of endogenous lectin mind-the-gap in synaptogenesis

Mind-the-Gap (MTG) is required for neuronal induction of Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) postsynaptic domains, including glutamate receptor (GluR) localization. We have previously hypothesized that MTG is secreted from the presynaptic terminal to reside in the synaptic cleft, where it binds glycans to organize the heavily glycosylated, extracellular synaptomatrix required for transsynaptic signaling between neuron and muscle. In this study, we test this hypothesis with MTG structure-function analyses of predicted signal peptide (SP) and carbohydrate-binding domain (CBD), by introducing deletion and point-mutant transgenic constructs into mtg null mutants. We show that the SP is required for MTG secretion and localization to synapses in vivo. We further show that the CBD is required to restrict MTG diffusion in the extracellular synaptomatrix and for postembryonic viability. However, CBD mutation results in elevation of postsynaptic GluR localization during synaptogenesis, not the mtg null mutant phenotype of reduced GluRs as predicted by our hypothesis, suggesting that proper synaptic localization of MTG limits GluR recruitment. In further testing CBD requirements, we show that MTG binds N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and thereby binds HRP-epitope glycans, but that these carbohydrate interactions do not require the CBD. We conclude that the MTG lectin has both positive and negative binding interactions with glycans in the extracellular synaptic domain, which both facilitate and limit GluR localization during NMJ embryonic synaptogenesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
Composition of gum turpentine of Pinus lambertiana

The composition of gum turpentine obtained from Pinus lambertiana has been determined and the results of the study are reported.
Stunted Patches in Onion Bulb Crops in Oregon and Washington: Etiology and Yield Loss.

Onion stunting caused by Rhizoctonia spp. is an important soilborne disease on very sandy soils in the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington. From 2010 to 2013, 251 isolates of Rhizoctonia or Rhizoctonia-like spp. were obtained from soil and onion plant samples collected from inside and outside patches of stunted plants in 29 onion fields in the Columbia Basin. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used to identify the isolates, with 13 anastomosis groups (AGs) or subspecies detected. The most frequent was Waitea circinata var. circinata (25%), followed by Rhizoctonia solani AG 3 (17%), R. solani AG 4 (14%), Ceratobasidium sp. AG A (10%), R. solani AG 8 (7%), Ceratobasidium sp. AG K (6%), R. solani AG 2-1 (6%), W. circinata var. zeae (6%), R. solani AG 5 (4%), Ceratobasidium sp. AG G (2%), R. solani AG 11 (2%), and R. solani AG 1-1B and AG 10 (each <1%). However, the distribution of AGs and subspecies varied depending on whether soil or onion plants samples were collected...
ENTHALPIES OF FORMATION OF TRIURANIUM OCTAOXIDE AND URANIUM DIOXIDE.

Abstract The enthalpies of formation of triuranium octaoxide and uranium dioxide have been determined by oxygen bomb calorimetry and found to be ΔH f o (U 3 O 8 , 298.15 K) = −(854.4±0.6) kcal mol −1 and ΔH f o (UO 2 , 298.15 K) = −259.3±0.2) kcal mol −1 .
Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents LPS-induced TNF-alpha expression by preventing NF-kappaB activation.

Background: Many studies have shown that fish oil supplementation inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in mice and human subjects; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in controlling the expression of pro-inflammatory genes including TNF-α. Activation of NF-κB has been shown to mediate the maximal expression of TNF-α in human monocytes. NF-κB is kept in an inactive form in the cytoplasm by IκB, the inhibitory subunit of NF-κB complex. Phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IκB lead to NF-κB activation.Objectives: The effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a major n-3 fatty acid in fish oil, on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of TNF-α and activation of NF-κB were investigated. The mechanism underlying EPA modulation of NF-κB activation was also studied.Methods: Human monocytic THP-1 cells were pre-incubated with EPA and stimulated with LPS. The levels of secreted TNF-α were determined b...
Comparison of risk factors and outcomes for pediatric patients listed for heart transplantation after bidirectional Glenn and after Fontan: An analysis from the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study

Background Patients listed for transplant after the bidirectional Glenn (BDG) may have better outcomes than patients listed after Fontan. This study examined and compared outcomes after listing for BDG and Fontan patients. Methods All patients listed for transplant after the BDG in the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study between January 1993 and December 2008 were evaluated. Comparisons were made with Fontan patients and with a matched cohort of congenital heart disease patients. Competing outcomes analysis and actuarial survival were evaluated for the study populations, including an examination of various risk factors. Results Competing outcomes analysis for BDG and Fontan patients after listing were similar. There was no difference in actuarial survival after listing or transplant among the 3 cohorts. Mechanical ventilation, United Network of Organ Sharing status, and age were risk factors for death after listing in BDG and Fontan patients, but ventilation at the time of transplant was significant only for the Fontan patients. Mortality was increased in Fontan patients listed 6 months after surgery, but no difference was observed in BDG patients. There was a trend toward improved survival after listing for both populations across 3 eras of the study, but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Outcomes after listing for BDG and Fontan patients are similar. Mechanical ventilation at the time of transplant remains a significant risk factor for death in the Fontan population, as does listing for transplant soon after the Fontan, suggesting that some patients may benefit from transplant instead of Fontan completion.
Lens-induced Glaucoma 65 Years After Congenital Cataract Surgery

Purpose/Methods We observed an unusual case of lens-induced glaucoma that occurred 65 years after congenital cataract extraction. We successfully treated the patient by removing the residual lens material with pars plana vitrectomy. Results/Conclusions The intraocular specimen exhibited lens material, epithelial cells, and macrophages. It may have taken years for the residual lens material to denature and break into small pieces, which resulted in phacolytic and lens-particle glaucoma.
CTLA4Ig prevents initiation but not evolution of anti-phospholipid syndrome in NZW/BXSB mice.

NZW “×” BXSB F1 mice develop SLE that is associated with an anti-phospholipid syndrome characterized by anti-cardiolipin antibodies, thrombocytopenia and small coronary artery thrombosis. This syndrome is immune mediated and, dependent, on CD4+T cells. To determine whether disease in these mice can be treated with blockade of T cell costimulation we treated them with the CD28 antagonist CTLA4Ig at 9 or 12 weeks of age. CTLA4Ig completely prevented both SLE nephritis and myocardial infarcts if it was given at 9 weeks of age, before anti-cardiolipin antibodies could be detected in the serum and prevented both B cell expansion and activation and the development of peripheral monocytosis. If treatment was delayed until 12 weeks of age after cardiolipin antibodies had arisen but before the onset of clinical disease, CTLA4Ig had very little effect on disease progression. These findings indicate that CD4+T cell activation through CD28 is critical for disease initiation in this model but plays little role in dise...
Grindelane diterpenoid acids from Grindelia humilis: Feeding deterrency of diterpene acids towards aphids

Abstract Two new labdane diterpene acids have been isolated from Grindelia humilis . The spectroscopic properties of the acids and their derivatives, as well as conversion to methyl 6-oxogrindelate, showed that they were the epimeric pair 6α-hydroxy- and 6β- hydroxygrindelic acid. A series of 11 diterpene acids were surveyed for their feeding deterrency towards the aphid Schizaphis graminum . The substances tested showed a wide range of activity.
Ongoing, Web-mediated professional development focused on teacher—child interactions: Early childhood educators' usage rates and self-reported satisfaction.

Research Findings: As the pre-kindergarten teacher workforce continues to grow in the United States, the promise of early childhood education depends in large part on in-service professional development. Given mounting evidence that the quality of teacher–child interactions is a fundamental ingredient for young children's learning in classrooms, the challenge becomes how to develop and test models of teacher education that facilitate teachers' development of these instructional interaction skills. In this article we describe how an innovative program, MyTeachingPartner (MTP), addresses the challenge of providing an enduring, classroom-focused, and scalable professional development experience that focuses on facilitating high-quality teacher–child interactions. Feasibility and usability results from two years of MTP implementation suggest high levels of teacher engagement, buy-in, and satisfaction, as well as some challenges related to sustaining these levels over time. Practice or Policy: Implications for...
Alpha2 noradrenoceptors in the anterior piriform cortex decline with acute amino acid deficiency

The responses of the brain to the amino acid deficiency that occur after eating imbalanced amino acid diets (IMB) have been associated with decreased concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and cAMP in the anterior piriform cortex (APC), an area essential for the initial feeding responses to amino acid deficiency. In addition, the anorectic responses to IMB were decreased after injections of the αa agonist, clonidine, and increased after injections of the α2 antagonist, idazoxan, into the APC. Therefore, to study the role of the α2-noradrenergic receptor further in this model, we measured α2-noradrenergic receptor binding in the APC of rats fed two levels of theonine IMB or a low-protein basal control diet. After basal prefeeding for 10 days, rats were given either a mild IMB, a severe IMB, or the basal diet for 2.5 h. The APC, anterior cingulate cortex (AC), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and lateral hypothalamus (LH) were assayed. Binding of [3H]p-aminoclonidine to α2 receptors determined that α2 binding was decreased the most in APC (P < 0.0003). Binding in APC was significantly correlated with food intake in the anorectic response to IMB (P < 0.001). In AC, binding was also significantly decreased, but less dramatically (P = 0.012), and was not correlated with food intake. There were no significant changes in LH or VMH, although α2-noradrenergic binding in VMH tended to decrease with the severe IMB in a pattern similar to APC. Plasma glucose values did not differ after the same feeding protocol. These data support our hypothesis that NE activity in the APC plays a role in initiating the anorectic responses to IMB, perhaps via the α2-noradrenergic receptor.
Metacognitive mastery and intrinsic motivation in schizophrenia

Deficits in intrinsic motivation (IM) have been linked to poorer outcome in schizophrenia, but its proximal mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study examined whether metacognitive mastery, or the capacity to use knowledge of self, others, and context to identify and cope with psychological difficulties, predicted levels of IM for 6 months among 75 participants with prolonged schizophrenia. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed that high metacognitive mastery predicted consistently higher levels of IM; however, intermediate and low mastery did not produce unique IM profiles. The findings suggest that metacognitive mastery may have an important role in IM over time and could be a meaningful treatment target.
A discrete-time model of high-frequency stock returns

A model of intraday financial time series is developed. The model is a dynamic factor model consisting of two equations. First, a rate of return of a ‘stock’ in a single day is assumed to be generated by serveral common factors plus some additive erros (‘intraday equation’). Secondly, the joint distribution of those common factors is assumed to depend on the hidden state of the day, which fluctuates according to a Markov chain (‘day-by-day equation’). Together the equations compose a hidden Markov model. We investigate properties of the model. Among them is a central limit theorem for cumulative returns, which agrees with the well-known empirical phenomenon in the stock markets that the distributions of longer-horizon returns are closer to the normal. We propose a two-step procedure consisting of the method of principal components and the EM algorithm to estimate the model parameters as well as the unboservable states. In addition, we propose a procedure for predicting intraday returns. Finally, the model...
Robust path-dependent spin rotation on the nanoscale in a semiconductor quantum well

Spintronics, using spin transport physics to manipulate information encoded in spin polarization, requires the ability to scalably manipulate electron spins, which is most easily achieved without magnetic materials or applied magnetic fields. Coherent spin rotation in the spin-orbit fields of a quantum well can yield efficient spin manipulation that depends only on the path traversed by a packet of electronic spin, and not on the speed with which the path is traversed. For a configuration with no applied magnetic field, where an electron spin is driven around three straight legs, with the first and last parallel, and the intermediate leg perpendicular to them and half their length, transport around the path will cause a robust, electrically controllable spin rotation. The angle of the spin rotation depends on the lengths of those legs. However, it is also possible to switch between integer π rotations of the electron spin (about a fixed axis in the plane of the quantum well) in a specific device with a fixed path by adjusting a vertical electric field applied to the quantum well. This spin rotation is described by a generalized Berry's phase and is not a dynamical effect, so it is invariant with respect to the current, source-drain voltage, travel time, and temperature (within a parabolic band approximation). The simplest realization would be a device with a narrow GaAs channel between undoped AlGaAs barriers with spin-selective injection and detection. For a ten nanometer thick GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well the long legs of the device would ideally be on the order of 10–100 nm in length, and transport should be in the drift-diffusion regime.
Off-axis viewing of radiation emission by long wiggler sources

When high-brilliance radiation is needed for experiments, insertion device sources are generally viewed on-axis. Off-axis emission of flux can be prodigious especially from wiggler sources having large emission fans. The on-axis and off-axis radiation emission characteristics from insertion device sources have been calculated extensively and are well known, but experimental verifications of some characteristics, particularly those associated with off-axis emission, are relatively few. Here measurements of the flux spectrum and apparent source size are described, as a function of horizontal emission angle, from the former X25 hybrid wiggler at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS).
Digital fault-tolerant variable fiber optic attenuator using liquid crystals

A high-speed variable fiber-optic attenuator is introduced by using a digitally controlled multi-pixel liquid crystal device. A proof of concept attenuator is experimentally demonstrated using a 33-pixel ferroelectric liquid crystal device. The attenuator gives a 26 dB dynamic range, a 0.18 dB polarization dependent loss, a 1.26 dB structure loss, and a 100 microsecond(s) switching speed, all at 1319 nm. The attenuator features digital control, broadband operation, no moving parts, fault-tolerance, low loss, and low electric power consumption.
Role of astrocytes in manganese mediated neurotoxicity

Astrocytes are responsible for numerous aspects of metabolic support, nutrition, control of the ion and neurotransmitter environment in central nervous system (CNS). Failure by astrocytes to support essential neuronal metabolic requirements plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of brain injury and the ensuing neuronal death. Astrocyte-neuron interactions play a central role in brain homeostasis, in particular via neurotransmitter recycling functions. Disruption of the glutamine (Gln)/glutamate (Glu) -γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) cycle (GGC) between astrocytes and neurons contributes to changes in Glu-ergic and/or GABA-ergic transmission, and is associated with several neuropathological conditions, including manganese (Mn) toxicity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in support of the important roles for astrocytes in normal as well as neuropathological conditions primarily those caused by exposure to Mn.