cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Automatic Prototype Generating" restated with re-ADA: perspective-bridged architecture for document-driven systems transitioning

Structured System Analysis and Design (SSAD) is still considered one of the most straightforward systems approaches, despite both supporting arguments and criticisms. One philosophy in software engineering is to "document everything". However, the waterfall model within SSAD discourages frequent changing of requirements, which is a significant problem to designers. Compared with SSAD, Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) with its modular structured solution allows individual components to be replaced easily at design time or run time if the requirements of the initial component (expressed via the interface) are met by the replacement component.After years of experience in developing and architecting reliable architectures for software-intensive distributed systems, the authors present a PAISE (Perspective-bridged Architecture with Interoperability, Substitutability, and Extensibility) model with the aim of automating systems perspective transitioning through a document-driven approach within SSAD. The authors stress important abilities of architecting application systems such as interoperability, substitutability, and extensibility in support of component-based software engineering. PAISE starts with a conceptual system that is rapidly prototyped for requirements, follows with a technical system that addresses the interior structure of the system, and results in an operational system for business process.In combination with re-ADA (an architectural description language as well as its runtime foundation), PAISE/re-ADA can not only promote a document-driven approach with SSAD, but also automate system perspective transitioning with CBSE.
Discriminative and aversive properties of β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, a benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, in rhesus monkey

Abstract Rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate injections of saline from those of β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (β-CCE), a compound that binds to the benzodiazepine receptor, but often has actions opposite to those of the benzodiazepines. A benzodiazepine agonist midazolam and low doses of a specific benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, reversed the discriminative effects of β-CCE. Higher doses of Ro 15-1788 produced stimulus effects similar to β-CCE. In a separate experiment, monkeys responded to terminate intravenous infusions of β-CCE, but not midazolam. This aversive effect of β-CCE was reversed by Ro 15-1788. The behavioral effects of β-CCE in these non-human primates are consistent with other data that have shown it to act on benzodiazepine receptors, and support the hypothesis that β-CCE can be considered an inverse agonist at this receptor.
The diploid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of basal cell carcinomas in man.

Der Desoxyribonukleinsauregehalt ist bei Basalzellkarzinomen diploid im Tumor selbst, weicht jedoch bei invadierenden Stellen nach Diploidie ab.
Synthesis of the branched C-glycoside substructure of altromycin B.

Tungsten-catalyzed cycloisomerization of alkynyl alcohols including 8 provides only the endocyclic enol ether (11) as a key intermediate for the branched C-glycoside substructure (2) of altromycin B. A sequence of Stille cross-coupling reaction and regio- and stereoselective functional group transformations affords each C13-diastereomer of the branched C-arylglycoside (2a and 2b).
Mean and Turbulence Statistics in a Wintertime Convectively-mixed Boundary Layer Over Lake Michigan

First, second, and third moment statistics for u, v, w, θν, and q have been derived from the Lake-Effect Snow Studies (LESS) 20 Hz aircraft data set collected in a northerly flow cold air outbreak over Lake Michigan on 10 January 1984. Vertical profiles of mean and turbulence statistics in a Type I Cloud-Topped Boundary Layer (CTBL) have been presented, discussed, and compared with similar observational case studies during the Air Mass Transformation Experiment (AMTEX) and the Mesoscale Air-Sea Exchange (MASEX), as well as with numerical model simulations of convective boundary layers as presented by Deardorff (1974, 1980) and Moeng (1984). LESS results show the importance of a more dynamically-active cloud layer in the normalized vertical profile of vertical velocity variance, covariance of horizontal and vertical wind components, buoyancy, turbulent kinetic energy, TKE, vertical transport of TKE, and vertical velocity skewness in Type I CTBLs. Turbulence statistics are also examined with respect to the effect of strong heating at the air-lake interface and entrainment effects near the top of the CTBL. Comparison with model simulations continue to show the need for better agreement with observational results. Finally, selected profiles of LESS turbulence statistics are presented and discussed to show the sensitivity (or lack thereof) between results derived from raw as opposed to detrended data.
Strong photon bunching in individual nanocrystal quantum dots coupled to rough silver film

We demonstrate that sub-Poissonian statistics (photon antibunching) of photon emission from individual core-shell quantum dots can be transformed to super-Poissonian statistics (photon bunching) by coupling dots to a rough silver film
Alliance Building across Social Movements: Bridging Difference in a Peace and Justice Coalition

Alliance building across social movement groups is an important aspect of social movement dynamics, contributing to their viability and capacity to promote social change. Yet, with few exceptions, cross-movement coalitions have received little sustained theoretical or empirical attention. This article contributes to an understanding of cross-movement coalition building through the examination of a successful case of alliance: a coalition of environmental justice and peace and anti-weapons proliferation groups to stop a federally funded U.S. biodefense laboratory from being built and operated in Roxbury, Massachusetts. Cross-movement collaboration was challenged by tensions arising from differences in positionality . Positional differences reflect status distinctions such as race, class, gender, and place and the differential experiences and expectations that result. Nonetheless, this coalition was able to resolve positional tensions and, as a result, remained a viable protest vehicle. We found this was accomplished through a cross-movement bridging process that involved (1) cause affirmation, (2) strategic deployment, (3) exclusion, and (4) co-development of cross-movement commitments . We extend existent accounts of cross-movement coalition by providing both a culturally founded and fine-grained account of coalition work in the maintenance of alliance relations. The article and its conclusions also address the broader implications of understanding successful trans-positional cross-movement alliances. Keywords: social movements, coalitions, environmental justice, peace movement, microdynamics.
Research on aquaculture economics: a review

Abstract Economic research on aquaculture can be broadly classified into four categories: (1) production economics, consisting of budget analysis, production function, linear programming, bio-economic modeling; (2) market studies, containing demand function analysis, market survey, market structure, conduct and performance study; (3) project evaluation, comprised of social benefit-cost analysis and internal rate of return analysis; and (4) development policy, such as economic impact analysis. The major constraints for an economic study in aquaculture are: insufficient economic data, lack of cooperation among aquaculture experts, deversity of aquaculture research, and the use of inappropriate data and/or methods for analysis.
Afferents to the midbrain auditory center in the bullfrog, rana catesbeiana.

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry was used to visual- ize cells afferent to the bullfrog torus semicircularis. These afferent cells are located in several sensory and nonsensory nuclei. The sensory structures which project to the torus are mainly auditory nuclei, with the major input coming from the ipsilateral superior olive. A very small contralateral projection is also present. In addition, afferents arise from the contralateral, and to a lesser extent ipsilateral, dorsal acoustic nucleus and nucleus caudalis, both primary eighth nerve nuclei. A vestibular input is also apparent in that HRP-positive cells were seen in the magnocellular vestibular nucleus and among elongated bipolar cells at the ventral border of the eighth nerve nuclei. In addition, the torus receives somatosensory input from the contralateral perisolitary band. Afferents from spinal cord cells proved difficult to visualize. Nonsensory areas throughout the brain innervate the torus as well. In the medulla, HRP-positive cells were present bilaterally in both medial and lateral reticular areas. The tegmentum contributes a major input from the superficial isthmal reticular nucleus and a minor input from the tegmental fields. Commissural toral projections are also present. Descending forebrain input arises from the pretectal gray bilaterally, the ventral half of the ipsilateral lateral pretectal nucleus, and, possibly, from the ipsilateral posterior thalamic nucleus. HRP-positive cells were also occasionally seen in the posterior tuberculum, ventral hypothalamus, and caudal suprachiasmatic preoptic area. Finally, a telencephalic projection from the ipsilateral anterior entopeduncular nucleus is present.
Determination of Structure and Analysis of the Hydroperoxide Isomers of Autoxidized Methyl Oleate

A procedure is described demonstrating the formation of four hydroperoxide isomers in the autoxidation of methyl oleate in accordance with the free radical chain reaction concept of autoxidation. Experimental proof is also given for the location of the hydroperoxide group in the α-position relative to the double bonds. New methodology is reported in the use of catalytic reduction with the Lindlar Catalyst for the quantitative estimation of peroxides. The quasi-six membered ring theory of oxidation as applied to the atmospheric oxidation of fats is shown to have no factual basis. Struktur-Untersuchung und Analyse der bei der Autoxydation von Methyloleat entstehenden Hydroperoxyd-Isomeren Vf. beschreibt ein Verfahren, das die Bildung von vier Hydroperoxyd-Isomeren bei der Autoxydation von Methyloleat in Ubereinstimmung mit dem Radikalmechanismus — wie er bei der Autoxydation angenommen wird — demonstriert. Ein experimenteller Beweis fur den α-Methylenmechanismus der Autoxydation wird gebracht; uber eine neue Methodik zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Peroxyde mittels der katalytischen Reduktion mit Hilfe des Lindlar-Katalysators wird berichtet. Die durchgefuhrten Untersuchungen zeigen, das die 6-Ringtheorie der Autoxydation nicht bewiesen werden kann.
The Crisisin the Great War: W. E. B. Du Bois and His Perception of African‐American Participation in World War I

This study explores the innate tension over African‐American participation in the Great War. Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois, as revealed by his writing in The Crisis, held the paradoxical notion of African‐A...
Direct measurement of current density under land and two channels in PEM fuel cells with interdigitated flow fields

Abstract Interdigitated flow field is one of the commonly used designs in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The knowledge of how the current density differs under the inlet channel, the land and the outlet channel, is critical for flow field design and optimization. In this study, the current densities under the inlet channel, the land and the outlet channel in PEM fuel cell with an interdigitated flow field are separately measured using the technique of partially-catalyzed membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). The experimental results show that the current density under the outlet channel is significantly lower than that under the inlet channel, and the current density under the land is higher than both channels at typical fuel cell operation voltages. Further experimental results show that the pattern of local current density remains the same with different cathode flow rates.
Using the DISC system to motivate dental patients.

ABSTRACT Background Dentists report that motivating patients to accept treatment plans and adopt behaviors that will improve their oral health is a significant challenge in their practices. According to the DISC system, which was developed by William Moulton Marston, people can be classified as having a “dominant” (D), “influencing” (I), “steady” (S) or “cautious” (C) behavioral style. Dentists and dental team members who recognize patients' DISC styles and tailor their communication accordingly may have greater success in motivating patients. Conclusions Practitioners cannot classify all patients easily into one of the four DISC styles, and patients may have multiple reasons for rejecting treatment plans and resisting behavioral changes. However, the DISC system provides a set of useful principles for motivating many patients. Practice Implications The benefits of using the DISC system may include an increase in the rate of treatment plan acceptance and an improvement in patients' behavior necessary for optimal oral health.
Effects of a prebiotic supplement on health of neonatal dairy calves

Abstract Calf morbidity and mortality represent major financial losses for many dairy producers. The primary cause of calf mortality in the U.S. is diarrhea caused by intestinal bacterial infections. Traditionally, formulated antibiotics in milk replacer have been used as preventive treatments. However, as consumer concern about antibiotic resistance has increased, interest in alternative supplements has grown. Prebiotics, which are food ingredients not digestible by animal enzymes, and probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria, are two proposed alternatives for antibiotics to reduce diarrhea and improve immunity in calves. In this trial 75 Holstein heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments: control (C; no additive), antibiotic treatment (A; oxytetracycline 0.220 g/kg and neomycin base 0.441 g/kg), and prebiotic supplement (PB; 20 g/day Prebio Support™, Meiji Feed Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan). Calf scours, respiratory, and general appearance scores were not affected by treatment. No statistical differences were detected in any of the health data collected; however, treatment C had nearly twice as many calves that scoured and refused feed than treatments A and PB. Populations of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in feces were generally not affected by treatments. However, PB treatment calves had an overall trend for more Lactobacilli in their feces than calves fed A (P = 0.08), and Enterobacter population was greater in C calves than in calves on treatment A in week 4 (P
Effects of media on embryo enlargement, germination and plant development in early-ripening genotypes of Prunus grown in vitro

Embryo culture of 5–10 mm long embryos of Prunus was investigated. The effects of various media on embryo enlargement, germination and plant formation were compared. Results show that embryos in all genotypes enlarged during stratification on any tested medium. Beneficial embryo enlargement, germination and plant development of peach and nectarine occurred when cultured on WP medium. The embryos of a plum were more responsive to C2d medium for enlargement, germination and plant development. All genotypes germinated well with a large number of embryos growing into plants on WP and C2d media.
Multi-Unit Pay-Your-Bid Auctions with Variable Awards

Abstract Multi-unit auctions in which bidders can win a variable number of units differ significantly from multi-unit auctions in which bidders can only win one unit. In an independent-private-values, pay-your-bid auction where bidders may win up to two units, we show that first-order conditions imply separating and pooling of bids must both occur with positive probability. This behavior is not found in multi-unit uniform-price auctions. It also contrasts with asymmetric first-price auctions of a single good, whose first-order conditions are superficially similar. A uniform-distribution example is analyzed numerically. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D44, D82, C72.
Reconciling rhythms: plans and temporal alignment in collaborative scientific work

Plans and planning assume a central role and challenge of collaborative scientific work, bridging and coordinating often discordant rhythms and events emanating from the organizational, infrastructural, biographical and phenomenal dimensions of collaborative life. Plans align rhythms embedded in local practice with those operating at larger institutional levels, and establish shared temporal baselines around which local choice and action may be calibrated. This paper develops these arguments through ethnographic study of the Ocean Observatories Initiative, a prominent U.S.-based large-scale long-term collaborative research program in the ocean sciences. We emphasize the intersection between rhythms and plans at two crucial moments: formation ('plans-in-the-making'), and enactment ('plans-in-action') across complex fields of practice. Our findings hold important implications for CSCW research and practice around scientific and large-scale collaborative efforts, and for federal science policies meant to support productive forms of cooperation and discovery.
Utility of endogenous creatinine clearance as a measure of renal function in mice.

Utility of endogenous creatinine clearance as a measure of renal function in mice. Background The use of endogenous plasma creatinine levels and creatinine clearance as a tool to evaluate renal function in mice has come under scrutiny as prior studies have reported that the Jaffe alkaline picrate method grossly overestimates true plasma creatinine in mice. As members of the NIDDK Animal Models of Diabetic Complications Consortium (AMDCC), we evaluated the performance and feasibility of an alternative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based method for standard determination of plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance in mice. Our purpose was to develop a simple method that provides a reliable, reproducible, and sensitive assay for small volumes ( Methods We compared creatinine clearance measured by HPLC with the Jaffe method and HPLC creatinine clearance with inulin clearance [fluoroscein isothiocyanate (FITC) inulin in an osmotic pump implanted in mouse] in C57BL/6J mice. Different groups of mice underwent either one of two protocols. Protocol A included dietary intervention with normal, low salt plus enalapril, or high salt. Protocol B induced diabetes using streptozotocin. Results First, mean plasma creatinine levels were significantly lower ( P vs. Jaffe (0.4 ± 0.12mg/dL) for mice on a normal diet. Urine creatinine concentrations measured by HPLC were 10% lower than by Jaffe ( P R = 0.643; P Conclusion HPLC is highly accurate, much more sensitive and specific than the Jaffe method for plasma creatinine measurements in mice. Creatinine clearance in mice measured by HPLC reflects changes in renal function induced by diet and diabetes.
MAIL QUESTIONNAIRE EFFICIENCY: CONTROLLED REDUCTION OF NONRESPONSE

This section of the Quarterly is reserved for brief reports of research in progress, discussions of unsolved problems, methodological studies, and public opinion data not extensively analyzed or interpreted. Succinct case histories are welcomed, as well as hypotheses and insights that may be useful to other students of public opinion. Usually, material in this section will be shorter, more informal, and more tentative than in the preceding pages of the Quarterly.
Discrete-time adaptive control in the presence of input constraints

The problem of ensuring that a control input remains within certain bounds is ubiquitous in all control applications. This problem becomes even more difficult in the context of adaptive control, since the plant to be controlled has unknown parameters. In this paper we establish conditions under which minimum phase discrete-time plants can be adaptively controlled in a stable manner in the presence of amplitude constraints on the input. All open-loop stable plants are shown to result in global stability with the proposed adaptive controller, and open-loop unstable plants are shown to result in local stability when the initial conditions of the closed-loop system lie within a compact set. It is also shown that when initial conditions exceed a certain value, open-loop unstable plants can become unstable. It is furthermore shown that the adaptive algorithms can be appropriately modified in the presence of exogeneous disturbances and certain modeling errors to yield boundedness. Simulations are presented to support the theoretical derivations.
Catchments, prosody and discourse

We present our work on the temporal integration of hierarchies of communicative actions: kinesic, prosodic and discursive. We use the device of the ‘catchment’ as the locus around which this integration proceeds. We present a detailed case study of a gesture and speech elicitation experiment in which a subject describes her living space to an interlocutor. First, we process the video data to obtain the motion traces of both of the subject’s hands using the vector coherence mapping algorithm. We code the gestures to identify the catchments. We recover discourse purposes utilizing a system of guided questions. Finally, we define prosody in terms of the ToBI system. The results of these analyses are compared against the computed motion traces to identify the cues accessible in the gestural and audio data that correlate well with the psycholinguistic analyses. The results show that motion, prosody and discourse structure are integrated at each moment of speaking.The electronic edition of this article includes audio-visual data.
The Use of the Familiar to Introduce Literature

As college instructors, we want our students to be able to read and understand literature, perhaps not quite as well as we do, but well. We become discouraged when their literary analyses are limit...
Hiatal hernia, reflux symptoms, body size, and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND Since the 1970s, incidence rates of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma have risen substantially. Reasons for the increasing trends are not well understood. METHODS A population-based, case–control study that included esophageal adenocarcinomas (n = 222), gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (n = 277), distal gastric adenocarcinomas (n = 443), and 1356 controls was conducted in Los Angeles County. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the 3 tumor types. RESULTS After adjustment for demographic factors, smoking, and body size, both hiatal hernia and reflux symptoms emerged as significant independent risk factors. Risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma was increased 3-fold (adjusted OR, 3.61; 95% CI, 2.49–5.25) among those who had reflux symptoms but did not have hiatal hernia, 6-fold (adjusted OR, 5.85; 95% CI, 3.18–10.75) among those who had hiatal hernia but did not have reflux symptoms, and 8-fold (adjusted OR, 8.11; 95% CI, 4.75–13.87) among those who had both reflux symptoms and hiatal hernia. A similar risk pattern was found in relation to history of hiatal hernia and other reflux conditions. A more modest but still significant risk pattern was observed for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Among control subjects, there was a significant and positive association between increasing body mass index and history of hiatal hernia and/or reflux symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Hiatal hernia, in combination with other reflux conditions and symptoms, was associated strongly with the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. These associations were more modest for gastric cardia adenocarcinomas. A significant and positive association between body size and history of hiatal hernia/reflux symptoms also was observed. Cancer 2003;98:940–8. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11568
Guidelines for the technician in mounting maxillary casts utilizing a modeling-compound face-bow record

Abstract A study of five subjects was undertaken to determine the best way to prepare an accurate modeling-compound face-bow record. This enables the laboratory technician to mount the maxillary cast on a semiadjustable articulator. Requirements and recommendations are presented to aid the laboratory technician and dentist in performing this procedure.
Thin graphite support films for high resolution electron microscopy

Abstract A method is described for preparing graphite films down to about 2nm in thickness. First, a suspension of small flakes in ethylene dichloride is prepared by repeated cleavage of a graphite crystal. This is then used to prepare a relatively thin film of graphite which is applied to grids previously coated with a holey carbon film. Fragments of tungsten oxide crystals are placed on the grid which is then exposed in the electron microscope to an electron beam of high intensity. As the result of an apparent reaction between the tungsten oxide and the carbon, the graphite film is etched, thereby producing a film which is both much thinner and cleaner than the original. The thickness of films prepared in this way has been estimated and their characteristics described. A brief account is given of the use of such a film using ferritin as a test object.
Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and Counseling Deliberations

Female sexual arousal disorder, a prevalent sexual problem forwomen, presents clinical challenges to counselors. The multifacto-rial etiology of female sexual arousal disorder requires a holistictreatment approach. This article describes both the objective andsubjective aspects of the disorder and offers assessment andtreatment considerations.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble Carbosilane Dendrimers

Nucleophilic reactions between mercapto-substituted amphiphiles and carbosilane dendrimers bearing (chloromethyl)silyl groups on their terminal branches gave, in high yields, amphiphilic dendrimers with hydrophobic carbosilane cores and alcohol, dimethylamino, or sodium sulfonate amphiphilic groups at the periphery. The negatively charged, sulfonate-terminated dendrimers were soluble in water, as were positively charged poly(ammonium) salts prepared from the dimethylamino-terminated derivatives. These new amphiphilic dendrimers were characterized by spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques. Preliminary studies of the aqueous solution behavior of the second generation, sulfonate-terminated dendrimer demonstrated its ability to enhance the solubility of lipophilic alkyl-substituted benzene derivatives, a characteristic property of micelles.
Comparison of surface and tropospheric temperature trends estimated from a 63‐Station Radiosonde Network, 1958–1998

Comparisons of surface and tropospheric (850-300 mb) temperature trends for climate zones, hemispheres and globe are presented for the period 1958-1998, based on seasonal and annual-mean temperatures from a 63-station radiosonde network. Globally, the surface warmed by 0.14± 0.13K/decade during the 41-year period, the 850-300 mb layer by 0.10±0.09K/decade. This small difference in global trend results from the surface warming by 0.12K/decade relative to the 850-300 mb layer in the northern hemisphere, but the 850-300 mb layer warming by 0.04K/decade relative to the surface in the southern hemisphere. In north polar and temperate zones the warming of the surface relative to the 850-300 mb layer is greatest in winter-spring and there is little difference in trend in summer. There is a tendency for a similar seasonal variation in trend difference in south extratropics, warming of the surface relative to the 850-300 mb layer occurring only in winter in the south polar zone, and cooling of the surface relative to the 850-300 mb layer greatest in summer in the south temperate zone. Globally, the warming of the surface relative to the 850-300 mb layer is 0.11K/decade during 1979-1998, compared to 0.04K/decade during 1958-1998, but with the 95% confidence intervals approximately twice as great for the 20-year period as for the 41-year period.
Changes in sex-role orientations: A five-year longitudinal comparison

A longitudinal design employing survey techniques and a cohort structure is used to assess change in a Likert-type measure of sex-role traditionalism. The overall change during a five-year period was for respondents to decrease in traditionalism. This varied importantly for subgroups: Women changed more than men, and those of the most recent cohort changed more than those in either of the earlier cohorts. Trends suggesting the importance of role incumbency are noted and implications are discussed.
Localisation of phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase in the rat brain nuclei

THE conversion of noradrenaline to adrenaline is catalysed by phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT,EC 211)1,2, which is highly localised in the adrenal medulla. Small amounts of PNMT-like enzyme2–5 and adrenaline6,7 have been detected in the central nervous system, and we have now been able to study the distribution of the enzyme in specific nuclei of the rat brain. This has been made possible by the development of a technique for the dissection of small areas and individual nuclei8 of the brain, and the availability of a sensitive assay for the measurement of PNMT. Our findings suggest that adrenaline may serve as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Effect of Hypophysectomy of Growing Chicks upon Their Basal Metabolism.

SummaryAblation of the pituitary gland of immature chickens results in a depression of the basal heat production, in males to 80%, in females to 60% of normal. Hypophysectomy results in a voluntary food consumption of one-third to one-half of normal. Restriction of the food intake of normal birds to the level of hypophysectomized birds results in a depression of the BMR of normal birds to about the level of their operated controls. These results suggest that basal heat production may be directly influenced by the level of food intake rather than by hypopituitarism. The possibility of indirect effect of restricted food intake has not been ruled out.
A Role for Plk1 Phosphorylation of NudC in Cytokinesis

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays essential roles at multiple events during cell division, yet little is known about its physiological substrates. In a cDNA phage display screen using Plk1 C-terminal affinity columns, we identified NudC (nuclear distribution gene C) as a Plk1 binding protein. Here, we characterize the interaction between Plk1 and NudC, show that Plk1 phosphorylates NudC at conserved S274 and S326 residues in vitro, and present evidence that NudC is also a substrate for Plk1 in vivo. Downregulation of NudC by RNA interference results in multiple mitotic defects, including multinucleation and cells arrested at the midbody stage, which are rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type NudC, but not by NudC with mutations in the Plk1 phosphorylation sites. These results suggest that Plk1 phosphorylation of NudC may influence cytokinesis.
Identification of gene polymorphisms of human DNA topoisomerase I in the National Cancer Institute panel of human tumour cell lines.

Topoisomerase 1 (Top1), a nuclear enzyme involved in DNA relaxation, is the target of several anticancer drugs. TOP1 mutations occur in camptothecin-resistant tumour cell lines. We explored, in the NCI panel of 60 human tumour cell lines, whether polymorphic variations in the TOP1 gene could explain differences in drug sensitivity. The 21 exons of the gene were fully studied as well as five intronic domains that had previously been shown to harbour single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or mutations. PCR products covering the whole exonic sequences or the relevant intronic domains were subjected to denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. Nucleotide variations were then determined by sequencing. Discrimination between intronic common and variant homozygous samples was performed using a restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Only one exonic mutation was detected, at the heterozygous state; it occurs in exon 19 of a colon cancer cell line (HCT-15) and consists of a G>A transition at position 75, resulting in a Met675Ile change. The intronic sequences studied harboured the SNPs expected with allelic frequencies between 20 and 40%. Three major haplotypes, generating 92% of the 10 genotypes encountered, were defined as containing none of the intronic SNPs, or three of them, or all of them. No significant relationship was evidenced between Top1 expression and the TOP1 polymorphisms studied. However, when comparing the cytotoxicity of 138 drugs as a function of the genotypes, several drug groups, namely Top1 inhibitors, antifolates and taxanes, had significantly different IC50s as a function of the distribution of the intronic SNPs of the TOP1 gene.
Transforming healthcare: a study in practical wisdom

Purpose – Ascension Health has developed a leadership formation program and decision‐making process specifically designed to tap into the inner spiritual strengths of its religiously pluralistic workforce in order to foster leadership that is more effective in initiating organizational cultural changes necessary for making successful quality improvements vital for the transformation of healthcare. This paper aims to focus on this initiative.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a case study, describing how Ascension Health designed a quantified measurement tool used to test the degree to which key characteristics of its mission, vision and values are implemented in its policies, practices and outcomes. Applying principles of decision‐making theory from Lonergan, Harrison and Nutt, Ascension Health also created an organizational discernment process designed to habitualize best practices of decision making that support the organization's mission and transformational goals.Findings – The authors describ...
Design and Performance of a Broad Band Focusing Cherenkov Counter

We have designed and constructed a broad band (.95<s<1.00) focusing Cherenkov counter with large angular acceptance (±40) for use in particle identification in a double armed spectrometer experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS. To achieve this large angular acceptance while maintaining a resolution in particle velocity of ?s~.015 we have employed a new method of light collection. This light collection scheme will be discussed and general applications of this method to improve the velocity resolution of existing differential Cherenkov counters will be presented.
Temporal stability of travelers' activity choice and home-stay duration: Some empirical evidence

This paper explores the temporal stability of activity type-choice models and models of travelers' home-stay duration. To empirically evaluate this stability, a nested logit model of activity-type choice and a proportional hazards model of home-stay duration are estimated using data from two-day travel diaries collected in the fall of 1989 and again, from the same individuals, in the fall of 1990. The results show that the models are not temporally stable over the one year time period separating the two travel-diary samples. A number of possible reasons for this instability are discussed.
Youth Arts Residencies: Implications for Policy and Education

This article considers youth arts residencies in the context of historical and contemporary arts policies. Arts residencies, delivered by professional artists and arts educators, have been a mainstay of the cultural sector since the artists-in-schools program was established by the National Endowment for the Arts to address issues of access to the arts for all Americans and are an essential component of federal arts education support. Changing patterns of participation in the arts are transforming the ways that young people gain entry and sustain lifelong learning in the arts; and the maturation of the teaching-artist field is resulting in changes in arts education delivery mechanisms—all of which have implications for arts education training and preparation through higher education and professional development. The purpose of the article is to call attention to policy issues and priorities that are shaping the arts residency field and that can inform programs, education, and research in theatre for youth...
Fabrication of Blended Polyphenylenevinylene Nanowires By Scanned Electrospinning

We report the fabrication of semiconductor polymeric nanowires and characterization of their electrical conductivity. The polymeric nanowires were extruded from a blended polymer solution of poly [ (i>m-phenylenevinylene) -co- (2,5 - dioctoxy -p- phenylenevinylene) ] copolymer (PmPV) and polyethylene oxide (PEO), and deposited on lithographically patterned gold electrodes by utilizing a scanned electrospinning technique that controls the orientation of nanowires. The current-voltage curves of polymeric nanowire were investigated and we have found that they have t rectifying current-voltage characteristics due to the metal-semiconductor contact. Because of the ease of operation and high throughput of this scanned electrospinning process, it presents opportunities for the manufacture of nanowire electronic devices.
Knowledge work 2020: thinking ahead about knowledge work

Purpose – This is the knowledge age and, to put it in Peter Drucker's language, knowledge workers and their knowledge are a vital component of this economy. Yet, so little is really known about these workers. New research is needed to better understand the issues surrounding the recruitment, productivity, deployment, and retention of these workers. This research aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted through a 35‐part questionnaire administered in mid‐2008 to 125 business and government executives/professionals located in North America, Europe, and South America.Findings – The research delineates two major work groups by age: 25 years old; and 26‐40 years old. The top two preference findings for 25‐year olds include: recruitment – flexi‐work and cultural diversity; retention – education/training and communities and networks; valued skills – team/collaboration and specialized technical; and technologies – collaboration tools and e‐mail, search, portals. The top ...
Spackling the Crack: Stabilizing Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 by Targeting the N and C terminus beta-Strand Interactions

The beta-trefoil protein human fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) is made up of a six-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel closed off on one end by three beta-hairpins, thus exhibiting a 3-fold axis of structural symmetry. The N and C terminus beta-strands hydrogen bond to each other and their interaction is postulated from both NMR and X-ray structure data to be important in folding and stability. Specific mutations within the adjacent N and C terminus beta-strands of FGF-1 are shown to provide a substantial increase in stability. This increase is largely correlated with an increased folding rate constant, and with a smaller but significant decrease in the unfolding rate constant. A series of stabilizing mutations are subsequently combined and result in a doubling of the DeltaG value of unfolding. When taken in the context of previous studies of stabilizing mutations, the results indicate that although FGF-1 is known for generally poor thermal stability, the beta-trefoil architecture appears capable of substantial thermal stability. Targeting stabilizing mutations within the N and C terminus beta-strand interactions of a beta-barrel architecture may be a generally useful approach to increase protein stability. Such stabilized mutations of FGF-1 are shown to exhibit significant increases in effective mitogenic potency, and may prove useful as "second generation" forms of FGF-1 for application in angiogenic therapy.
N masses on an infinite string and related one-dimensional scattering problems

Abstract One-dimensional time-harmonic waves interact with a finite number of scatterers: they could be beads on a long string, for example. If the scatterers are identical and equally spaced, such periodic problems can be solved exactly. One problem solved here arises when one scatterer in a periodic row is forced to oscillate, giving the Green function for the row. Our main interest is with disordered problems, where a periodic configuration is disturbed. Two problems are studied. First, just one scatterer in a finite periodic row is displaced: an exact solution is obtained for the transmission coefficient and its average over all allowable displacements. Second, a similar problem is treated where each scatterer is displaced by a small distance from its position in the periodic row. The main tools used are perturbation theory and transfer matrices.
Mapping of chaotic patterns for localization of EEG abnormalities

While the usefulness of the electrocardiogram (ECG) has been demonstrated for diagnosis in cardiology, the same is not true for the diagnostic value of electroencephalograms (EEG) in neurological diagnosis. Whether the limited usefulness is due to the inherent lack of specificity of the EEG signal or the need for new methods of analysis remains an open question. In previous work, the authors have developed chaotic techniques that provide both graphical and numerical summaries of ECGs that have been demonstrated to give useful diagnostic results. The current work focuses on the adaptation of these techniques to the EEG, taking into account the major differences in the nature of the signal, the multi-channel data, and the potential interactions of the channels. The goal is to develop a computer model to provide graphical and numerical representations that can be used in a higher-order decision model based on the intelligent agent approach.
Birkhoff-von Neumann switching with statistical traffic profiles

Offline scheduling is attractive when the traffic profile is known a priori since the complexity of online scheduling is largely removed. Given any admissible rate matrix @L=(@l"i"j), Birkhoff-von Neumann decomposition offers a quasi-offline scheduling strategy that can provide a service rate of at least @l"i"j for each flow (i,j) without internal speedup. This paper extends the Birkhoff-von Neumann switching strategy to consider traffic profiles in which the traffic demands are specified as statistical distributions rather than fixed rates.
Development of a Sampler to Estimate Regional Deposition of Aerosol in the Human Respiratory Tract

A multistage sampler was developed and tested to estimate regional deposition of aerosol in the human respiratory system. The motivation for this research is to improve our ability to estimate inhaled aerosol dose. current methods for aerosol measurement and exposure/risk assessment are based on particle aspiration (e.g. inhalable PM) or on penetration to various regions of the respiratory system (e.g. PM 10 ). The sampler developed here operates at 1 m 3 h −1 (16.7 l min −1 ) of flow and utilizes several substrates, connected in series, to mimic regional particle deposition. Two sets of polyurethane foam substrates are used to mimic particle deposition in the head airways and tracheobronchial regions, respectively. Particle deposition in the alveolar region is mimicked using diffusion screens. These substrates are amenable to trace chemical analyses but not gravimetric analyses, due to water vapor uptake with small changes in relative humidity.
Online Consultation and Citizen Feedback in Chinese Policymaking

In recent years, the Chinese government has increasingly utilised online consultation as a means of providing citizens with opportunities to offer feedback on draft laws and regulations. As little is known about the operation of online consultation, this article analyses the content of citizen feedback submitted on a revision to China’s health system proposed by the National Development and Reform Commission. Citizen engagement with the political and substantive issues under consideration is crucial if online consultation is to impact government decision-making and enhance the performance of laws and regulations. This paper’s main findings are that it was common for comments to address substantive issues in great depth, as well as express negative assessments of government decisions. This suggests that online consultation holds promise as an instrument of governance reform, which the Chinese Communist Party has embraced as a means of cultivating popular support.
On perception of size: Comparing gigantic mice and tiny elephants

Human computer interaction and communication is becoming more and more frequent. This means that computers must understand the meanings of words used to describe objects and events, as well as comprehend the meaning of modifiers used to describe them. This is often a difficult task: the word large means two different things when describing a chair and a building. This paper investigates the use of size-adjectives for objects of different physical proportions and proposes a method for deriving the meaning of such adjectives.
Diets, Diatribes, and a Dearth of Data

Losing weight, and to an unfortunately lesser extent, finding health, are persistent fixations of modern culture. We have devised an almost perfectly obesigenic environment, making weight control ever more alluring even as we make it ever more elusive. The epidemiological result is, predictably, epidemic (or, perhaps more correctly now, hyperendemic) obesity, and its numerous sequelae, in adults and children alike.1 The corresponding cultural result, equally predictable, is a weight loss sellers’ market. Article see p 815 There is one additional element in the mix propagating the seemingly endless parade of weight loss remedies: the suspension of common sense. Most sensible adults know that get-rich-quick schemes are the stuff of scams and sitcoms. Those same sensible adults, however, routinely reach for their credit cards when an offer of get-thin-quick or get-healthy-quick comes along. In a market where buyers reject the tried and true in favor of false promises and pixie dust and in a culture where scapegoats and silver bullets2 are preferred over a prosaic blend of science and sense, the sellers respond accordingly. What ensues is a seemingly never-ending3,4 beauty pageant of dietary contestants, each emphasizing what differentiates it from the others and each contending to be the best. And along with each diet comes its entourage, singing its praises, disparaging the competition, and seeking the profits that come with wearing the tiara. These camps routinely include publishers, media of every variety, and the experts, pseudoexperts, and nonexperts who write the books, and devise the potions. But is any one of these diets truly best, either for losing weight, or finding health? That, ostensibly, is the question Atallah et al set out to answer5 in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes . In their own words, the authors sought to assess the …
Systemic and uterine hemodynamic responses to dopamine in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep

Abstract The systemic and uterine hemodynamic effects of dopamine were studied in nonpregnant and near-term pregnant, unanesthetized, chronically instrumented sheep. Dopamine was administered by constant intravenous infusion in doses ranging from 2 to 40 μg per kilogram per minute. A hypertensive effect was consistently observed when doses greater than 5 μg per kilogram per minute were given. The rise in pressure was accompanied by a rise in the systemic vascular resistance and an increase in the cardiac output; the increment in the latter was greater in the pregnant than in the nonpregnant animals. Uterine blood flow increased consistently despite some rise in uterine vascular resistance; uterine fraction of cardiac output either remained unchanged or increased slightly. Venomotor constriction, reflected by a rise in central venous pressure, occurred at all dose levels. These hemodynamic properties of dopamine may be explained partly on the basis of its combined beta- and alpha-mimetic action, as well as through redistributions of flows and resistances among various regional vascular beds.