cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Petrologic study of SJ101, a new forsterite-bearing CAI from the Allende CV3 chondrite

Abstract The forsterite-bearing Type B (FoB) CAI SJ101 consists of three major structural units: (1) light patches of sector-zoned, poikilitic Al-rich clinopyroxene (Cpx) with numerous inclusions of small spinel grains and aggregates and subordinate amounts of Mg-rich melilite (Mel) and anorthite (An) (Sp–Cpx lithology), (2) dark sinuous bands of Al-rich clinopyroxene with large (up to ∼300 × 60 μm) poikilitically enclosed euhedral forsterite (Fo) crystals (Fo–Cpx lithology), and (3) the external Cpx–Sp–An rim overlying the entire inclusion. The two major lithologies are always separated by a transition zone of clinopyroxene poikilitically enclosing both forsterite and spinel. The patches of the Sp–Cpx lithology exhibit significant textural and mineralogical variability that is size-dependent. Small patches typically consist of Cpx and spinel with minor remnants of melilite and/or its alteration products. Large patches contain Mel–An-rich cores with either equigranular–ophitic–subophitic or ‘lacy’ textures reminiscent of those in Types B or C CAIs, respectively. All silicates poikilitically enclose numerous spinel grains of identical habit. Both melilite and anorthite gradually disappear toward the boundary with the Fo–Cpx lithology. Neither the evaporation mantle of Al-rich melilite typical of other FoBs nor the Wark–Lovering rim is present. Secondary minerals include grossular, monticellite, magnetite, and a few grains of wollastonite, andradite, and nepheline. Being a rather typical FoB mineralogically and chemically, texturally SJ101 differs from other FoBs in displaying the nearly complete segregation of forsterite from spinel which occur only in the Fo–Cpx and Sp–Cpx lithologies, respectively. The complex, convoluted internal structure of SJ101 suggests that the coarse-grained Sp–An–Mel–Cpx cores and Fo–Cpx lithology represent the precursor materials of FoBs, proto-CAIs and Fo-rich accretionary rims. While the inferred chemistry and mineralogy of the Fo-rich rims are fairly typical, the high Ak content in SJ101 melilite (78.7–82.3 mol.%) implies that the SJ101 proto-CAIs represent a new type of CAIs that has not been sampled before. This type of CAIs might have formed by remelting of spinel-rich condensates. The Group II REE pattern, slightly negative δ 29 Si and δ 25 Mg values, and nearly solar ratios of the major elements in the bulk SJ101 suggest that its precursors, proto-CAIs and Fo-rich rims, could have formed by a non-equilibrium condensation in a closed system of solar composition somewhat depleted in a super-refractory evaporation residue. The proposed formation scenario of SJ101 invokes a non-steady cooling and condensation of the nebular gas interrupted by at least two distinct melting episodes required to account for the igneous textures of the Mel–An–Cpx-rich cores (proto-CAIs) and the Fo–Cpx lithology.
Transcription factor T-bet represses expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 and sustains virus-specific CD8 + T cell responses during chronic infection

T cell exhaustion has a major role in failure to control chronic infection. High expression of inhibitory receptors, including PD-1, and the inability to sustain functional T cell responses contribute to exhaustion. However, the transcriptional control of these processes remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factor T-bet regulated the exhaustion of CD8(+) T cells and the expression of inhibitory receptors. T-bet directly repressed transcription of the gene encoding PD-1 and resulted in lower expression of other inhibitory receptors. Although a greater abundance of T-bet promoted terminal differentiation after acute infection, high T-bet expression sustained exhausted CD8(+) T cells and repressed the expression of inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection. Persistent antigenic stimulation caused downregulation of T-bet, which resulted in more severe exhaustion of CD8(+) T cells. Our observations suggest therapeutic opportunities involving higher T-bet expression during chronic infection.
Bureaucracy, Economy, and Leadership in China: The Institutional Origins of the Great Leap Forward

In this book David Bachman examines the origins of the Great Leap Forward (GLF), a programme of economic reform that must be considered one of the great tragedies of Communist China, estimated to have caused the death of between 14 and 28 million Chinese. While standard accounts interpret the GLF as chiefly the brainchild of Mao Zedong and as a radical rejection of a set of more moderate reform proposals put forward in the period 1956 to 1957, Bachman proposes a provocative reinterpretation of the origins of the GLF that stresses the role of the bureaucracy. Using a neo-institutionalist approach to analyse economic policy-making leading up to the GLF, he argues that the GLF must be seen as the produce of an institutional process of policy-making. This book offers a reinterpretation of one of the most important episodes in the history of the People's Republic as well as a framework with which to analyse the role of institutions more generally in the political economy of the PRC.
Age-dependent ascending aorta mechanics assessed through multiphase CT.

Quantification of the age- and gender-specific in vivo mechanical characteristics of the ascending aorta (AA) will allow for identification of abnormalities aside from changes brought on by aging alone. Multiphase clinical CT scans of 45 male patients between the ages of 30 and 79 years were analyzed to assess age-dependent in vivo AA characteristics. The three-dimensional AA geometry for each patient was reconstructed from the CT scans for 9–10 phases throughout the cardiac cycle. The AA circumference was measured during each phase and was used to determine the corresponding diameter, circumferential strain, and wall tension at each phase. The pressure-strain modulus was also determined for each patient. The mean diastolic AA diameter was significantly smaller among young (42.6 ± 5.2 years) at 29.9 ± 2.8 mm than old patients (69.0 ± 5.2 years) at 33.2 ± 3.2 mm. The circumferential AA strain from end-diastole to peak-systole decreased from 0.092 ± 0.03 in young to 0.056 ± 0.03 in old patients. The pressure–strain modulus increased two-fold from 68.4 ± 30.5 kPa in young to 162.0 ± 93.5 kPa in old patients, and the systolic AA wall tension increased from 268.5 ± 31.3 kPa in young to 304.9 ± 49.2 kPa in old patients. The AA dilates and stiffens with aging which increases the vessel wall tension, likely predisposing aneurysm and dissection.
Human Rights Workshop

I applaud James Glanz's in-depth study of the shifting landscape of human rights activism in the physics community (“Human rights fades as a cause for scientists,” News Focus, 9 Oct., p. [216][1]), but I take issue with his assessments concerning the implications of a failed human rights workshop scheduled to be held at the March 1998 meeting of the American Physical Society (APS) in Los Angeles. The APS erred in scheduling the workshop in competition with scientific and technical sessions. It should come as no surprise that even human rights activists come to scientific meetings to discuss and examine scientific issues. Thus, the inappropriate scheduling made it difficult for people to commit to the workshop. In addition, it is highly unusual for the APS to ask participants to pre-register for policy forums, and it was our nervousness about asking distinguished invited speakers to risk facing a meager audience that prompted the cancellation. It is not clear to me that the low registration reflects a lack of interest or concern for human rights within the physics community. Perhaps a better measure of this interest is the number of signers (1970) of a petition expressing strong support of the scientific community for our repressed and harassed colleagues in the People's Republic of China. And it is also noteworthy that the APS Committee on International Freedom of Scientists has no paucity of volunteers clamoring to serve. In addition, as many as 200 volunteers serve on the “small committees” that have organized letter-writing campaigns on behalf of imprisoned colleagues and dissidents around the world. I regret that I did not make these points more forcefully in my discussions with Glanz. Nonetheless, he has provided a great service in his balanced and penetrating report of the stresses within our community—especially among our Chinese colleagues. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.282.5387.216
Diabetic ulcers: The effect of thermal biofeedback-mediated relaxation training on healing

The present study was a preliminary investigation into the effect of thermal biofeedback-mediated relaxation training on healing of diabetic ulcers. Subjects were three males who had nonhealing diabetic ulcers of the toe, ankle, and leg, respectively. Treatment consisted of thermal biofeedback training at the ulcer site, handwarming training (in two of the three subjects), and home relaxation practice. Two subjects showed significant healing. Thermal biofeedback-mediated relaxation training may be a useful adjunct to traditional treatments for diabetic foot ulcers.
Centers and characters of Jacobi group-invariant differential operator algebras

Abstract We study the algebras of differential operators invariant with respect to the scalar slash actions of real Jacobi groups of arbitrary rank. We consider only slash actions with invertible indices. The corresponding algebras are non-commutative and are generated by their elements of orders 2 and 3. We prove that their centers are polynomial in one variable and are generated by the Casimir operator. We also compute their characters: in rank exceeding 1 there are two, and in rank 1 there are in general five. In rank 1 we compute in addition all of their irreducible admissible representations.
Topological exploration of subterranean environments

The need for reliable maps of subterranean spaces too hazardous for humans to occupy has motivated the development of robotic mapping tools suited to these domains. As such, this work describes a system developed for autonomous topological exploration of mine environments to facilitate the process of mapping. The exploration framework is based upon the interaction of three main components: Node detection, node matching, and edge exploration. Node detection robustly identifies mine corridor intersections from sensor data and uses these features as the building blocks of a topological map. Node matching compares newly observed intersections to those stored in the map, providing global localization during exploration. Edge exploration translates topological exploration objectives into locomotion along mine corridors. This article describes both the robotic platform and the algorithms developed for exploration, and presents results from experiments conducted at a research coal mine near Pittsburgh, PA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interference study on precipitating reagents used in a sensitive color reaction for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol determination

Abstract The use of a combination of divalent cations and polyanions to isolate the HDL fraction of serum by precipitation of the other lipoprotein classes is quite popular. However, some of the combinations used have been reported to falsely elevate the apparent HDL-C value, perhaps due to interference from the precipitating reagents or imperfect lipoprotein precipitation ( 10, 12 ). In this article, we have isolated an interfering effect of precipitating reagents on the equilibrium reaction used for the determination of cholesterol by the use of pure aqueous standards. Of the most common precipitating reagents used, it was found that Mg/dextran and Mg/phosphotungstate caused little or no chemical interference in the color reaction itself, while polyethylene glycol elevated cholesterol values slightly and Mn/heparin caused a measureable increase in the cholesterol value observed.
Objective Assessment of Pericardial Tamponade; Right Heart Catheterization at the Bedside

A technique is described for rapidly obtaining right ventricular pressure pulses at the bedside of the critically ill patient in whom pericardial tamponade is clinically suspected. A delicate flexible nylon catheter is introduced into the venous system and advanced centrally. Constant monitoring of pressure pulses signals cannulation of the right ventricle. Clinically suspected tamponade can be confirmed or rejected by analysis of the pressure pulse contour and the ratio of systolic to diastolic pressure. This technique has proved useful in helping us to decide whether or not to perform pericardiocentesis. Several unnecessary pericardiocenteses have been avoided. Illustrative cases are included.
The bin-covering technique for thresholding random geometric graph properties

We study the emerging phenomenon of ad hoc, sensor-based communication networks. The communication is modeled by the geometric random graph model G(n, r, e) where n points randomly placed within [0, e]d form the nodes, and any two nodes that correspond to points at most distance r away from each other are connected. We study fundamental properties of G(n, r, e) of interest: connectivity, coverage, and routing-stretch. Our main contribution is a simple analysis technique we call bin-covering that we apply uniformly to get first known, (asymptotically) tight thresholds for each of these properties. Typically, in the past, geometric random graph analyses involved sophisticated methods from continuum percolation theory; on contrast, our bin-covering approach is discrete and very simple, yet it gives us tight threshold bounds. The technique also yields algorithmic benefits as illustrated by a simple local routing algorithm for finding paths with low stretch. Our specific results should also prove interesting to the networking community that has seen a recent increase in the study of geometric random graphs motivated by engineering ad hoc networks.
Anatomic and clinical study of the orbitopterional approach to anterior communicating artery aneurysms

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the orbitopterional approach to anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysms, on the basis of the quantification of this surgical exposure, compared with the pterional approach, in a cadaveric study and a retrospective review of data for 40 patients who underwent clipping of AComA aneurysms via the orbitopterional approach. METHODS: In an anatomic study, four cadaveric heads underwent pterional craniotomies on the left side and orbitopterional craniotomies on the right side. A fifth head was initially subjected to bilateral pterional craniotomies and then underwent bilateral orbital osteotomies, for direct comparison of these approaches. Using frameless stereotaxy, we quantified the angles of exposure and surgical field depths provided by the pterional and orbitopterional craniotomies. In a clinical study, 40 patients who underwent clipping of AComA aneurysms via orbitopterional approaches were evaluated for basal brain injury, the need for resection of the gyrus rectus, dissection of the sylvian fissure, and approach-related complications. The incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus among patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who underwent lamina terminalis fenestration was also reviewed. RESULTS: The angles of observation were increased 46% in the axial plane (orbitopterional, 72.92 +/- 6.57 degrees; pterional, 49.75 +/- 2.27 degrees; P < 0.01) and 137.5% in the projection plane (orbitopterional, 8 +/- 2.19 degrees; pterional, 19 +/- 1.78 degrees; P < 0.01). The surgical window depth was decreased 13% with the orbitopterional approach (P < 0.05). Clinically, there was no incidence of frontobasal hypodensities on postoperative computed tomographic scans. Three patients (7.5%) required resection of the gyrus rectus. No patient required sylvian fissure dissection for aneurysm exposure. Two of 29 patients (6.9%) who survived subarachnoid hemorrhage required ventriculoperitoneal shunts despite lamina terminalis fenestration. No approach-related complications were recognized. CONCLUSION: The orbitopterional approach improved the observation of the AComA complex and seemed to decrease the risk of intraoperative brain damage.
NEW LEADERSHIP CONSIDERATIONS FOR OLD REALITIES

A current major concern in community college circles is focused on leadership at the institutional or local college level. The American Association of Community and Junior Colleges, as well as selected universities, are devoting increased attention to leadership development for America's community and junior colleges. One of the main concerns seems to be the overly autocratic inclinations of community college administrators. A related problem is that community colleges, as opposed to universities, have no history of shared governance. University history is rich and varied and provides a philosophical basis for the place of faculty in higher education governance. Community colleges are young by comparison and have no such heritage of faculty involvement. As a consequence, community college leaders could learn from university governance models to pay more attention to those functional areas that have always been the province of faculty: curricula, subject matter content, methods of instruction, faculty stat...
Who makes what and where

Abstract Six major requirements for a successful business are set forth and examined in the light of determining whether a commodity such as automobile will be manufactured in Country Y or Country Z. It is concluded that the only real advantage that one firm has over another, for the next twenty years at least, is the price it pays for its labor. Industrialized nations of the world are facing difficult times. Research and development is essential in any country in every firm that intends to prosper, but it is only one of many essential factors.
Steady Uniaxial Elongational Flows: Roles of Intramolecular Potentials

We examine the roles of several types of intramolecular interactions in the behavior of the steady elongational flow properties of infinitely dilute polymer solutions. In particular, bond stretching, bond bending, bond torsion, and nonbonded intramolecular interactions are included. Geometric and rheological properties are calculated using Monte Carlo integration. We observe that bond bending and nonbonded interactions result in significant changes over the traditional bond stretching predictions, but bond torsion plays only a minor role. Bond bending results in more abrupt chain expansion with increasing elongation rate, and the corresponding increase in the elongational viscosity is also more steep. Nonbonded interactions cause the chain to be more spheroidal at lower elongation rates, and they result in a minimum in the elongational viscosity at an intermediate elongation ratepresumably as a result of excluded-volume effects causing the chain to be slightly more expanded.
VOCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS OF SECOND-GRADE GIRLS

41 second-grade girls in a Catholic school were asked about their vocational interests or aspirations from two different perspectives: (a) their desired occupational goals and (b) their realistic expectations regarding their occupational goals. To the first question most girls nominated vocations which were very sex-role stereotyped and altruistic (nurse and teacher were most common); to the second question Ss tended to (a) repeat their original response, (b) change their expectation to becoming mothers and housewives, or (c) express that they did not know what they would be. The findings suggest that sex-role expectations pertaining to vocational aspirations are acquired and solidified far sooner than the time when the individual actually has to begin to make decisions regarding his adult life.
Predictive estimate of blood dose from external counting data preceding radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer

Bone marrow depression following 131I therapy for metastatic thyroid cancer can occur in up to one-quarter of all patients so treated. An analysis was made of the 131I whole body (WB) retention and its relationship to activity in blood for 46 patients (45 adult, 1 adolescent in 49 total studies) to define the accuracy of utilizing WB external counting data as a predictor of blood dose in comparison to the more classical method which requires data from sequential blood samples. The mean percentage differences between blood dose estimates based on external WB counting and those calculated by the classical method lie within +/- 10%. The WB methodology provides a useful first-order approximation for hematopoietic dose estimates in adult patients undergoing 131I therapy for thyroid cancer.
In utero appearance of idiopathic infantile arterial calcification: ultrasound study of a 28-week fetus.

An ultrasound study of a 28-week gestation demonstrated changes of poor cardiac function associated with calcifications of the wall of major arteries. Sudden in utero deterioration into hydrops prompted the delivery of a female infant who was diagnosed at autopsy of having a rare disease entity, idiopathic infantile arterial calcification. When a hydropic fetus is defined by ultrasound, this rare diagnosis should be included in the diagnostic considerations. Recent reports suggest successful therapy regimens for an otherwise fatal disease, making accurate diagnosis especially important. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Dynamic mechanical analysis on highly thermally stable polybenzoxazines with an acetylene functional group

Dynamic mechanical analysis is performed on polybenzoxazines from acetylene-terminated benzoxazine monomers, and glass transition temperatures of these polybenzoxazines are found in the range of 329–368°C. It has been identified that the high glass transition temperature and high thermal stability are due to polymerization of the acetylene terminal group, in addition to oxazine ring polymerization through a comparison study with analogous polybenzoxazines that are obtained from monomers without an acetylene functional group. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 857–862, 1999
Toxicogenomics, drug discovery, and the pathologist

The field of toxicogenomics, which currently focuses on the application of large-scale differential gene expression (DGE) data to toxicology, is starting to influence drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. Toxicological pathologists, who play key roles in the development of therapeutic agents, have much to contribute to DGE studies, especially in the experimental design and interpretation phases. The intelligent application of DGE to drug discovery can reveal the potential for both desired (therapeutic) and undesired (toxic) responses. The pathologist's understanding of anatomic, physiologic, biochemical, immune, and other underlying factors that drive mechanisms of tissue responses to noxious agents turns a bewildering array of gene expression data into focused research programs. The latter process is critical for the successful application of DGE to toxicology. Pattern recognition is a useful first step, but mechanistically based DGE interpretation is where the long-term future of these new technologies lies. Pathologists trained to carry out such interpretations will become important members of the research teams needed to successfully apply these technologies to drug discovery and safety assessment. As a pathologist using DGE, you will need to learn to read DGE data in the same way you learned to read glass slides, patiently and with a desire to learn and, later, to teach. In return, you will gain a greater depth of understanding of cell and tissue function, both in health and disease.
Spin-isospin sum rules based on the quark model☆

Abstract The response of nuclei to zero momentum transfer spin-isospin operators like the magnetic dipole and the Gamow-Teller operator are considered. On the basis of a non-relativistic quark model hamiltonian we derive energy-weighted sum rules for these operators. Ground-state correlations in the nucleus are treated in the random-phase approximation with a schematic baryon-baryon interaction. It is found that within reasonable limits of the coupling strength the sum rules are stable and thus can be termed model independent.
Determinants of International Retail Involvement: The Case of Large U.S. Retail Chains

Abstract Although retail operations traditionally have been considered poor candidates for international expansion, firms in mature retail markets are increasingly turning to international markets as a means for strategic growth. In this study, the authors examine how internal determinants affect the international ventures of large U.S. retail chains, comparing internal characteristics of international and domestic firms. The authors use the behavioral internationalization paradigm to develop a model of international retail involvement, which serves as a conceptual framework for the study. Through a logistic regression model, the results support the relevance of six of eight explanatory determinants of international retail involvement. The findings highlight the powerful influence of the strategic management characteristics, competitive advantages related to retail concept and logistics, and a retailer’s size. In contrast, neither previous experience in direct foreign sourcing nor competitive advantages r...
Failure of hepatopulmonary syndrome to resolve after liver transplantation and successful treatment with embolotherapy

The hepatopulmonary syndrome is an uncommon accompaniment of chronic liver disease. The outcome of this disorder after orthotopic liver transplantation is variable. We describe a patient with the hepatopulmonary syndrome who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis. Her platypnea and orthodeoxia failed to improve postoperatively. Pulmonary angiography showed large pulmonary arteriovenous shunts that were successfully treated with coil embolotherapy.
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in human tissues: Evidence for a heart-specific form

Abstract Incubation of homogenates, from human heart, brain, liver and skeletal muscle, with excess antiserum against purified rat skeletal muscle glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase ( l -glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.8) demonstrated the presence of two immunologically distinct forms of the enzyme. The major form of the enzyme in heart tissue does not react with the antibody and is very heat labile. Anion exchange chromatography resulted in the separation of heart glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase into three peaks, each of which was distinguishable from the others by heat lability and immunological reactivity. The isoenzymes appear to represent combinations of two different subunits to produce HH, HL and LL forms with HH representing the major heart isoenzyme and LL the liver. The data suggests that the detection of the HH isoenzyme in serum may be used as an indicator to diagnose cardiac infarctions in humans.
p53 regulates Btk-dependent B cell proliferation but not differentiation

Btk is critical for B cell development and proliferation. Mice lacking Btk have a defect in B cell development, resulting in a loss of mature B cells and decreased proliferative responses follow- ing B cell receptor cross-linking. In contrast, mice deficient in the tumor suppressor p53 display in- creases in developing B cell populations in the bone marrow. To investigate the potential role of p53 in Btk-dependent B cell development and function, we generated mice doubly-deficient in p53 and Btk. Btk/p53-deficient mice showed an increase in splenic B220 cell numbers compared with Btk-deficient mice, although there was no re- covery in B cell subset differentiation. In contrast to the lack of recovery of B cell development, there was a recovery in lipopolysaccharide and anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) plus interleukin-4- induced proliferation of Btk/p53-deficient B cells, although there was no recovery to anti-IgM stimu- lation alone. Thus, p53 promotes B cell expansion and proliferation, but p53 deficiency cannot com- pensate for Btk deficiency in the development of B cell subsets. J. Leukoc. Biol. 79: 000-000; 2006.
Pharmacogenetic interventions, orphan drugs, and distributive justice: the role of cost-benefit analysis.

With the human genome mapped, and with the mapping of more than one hundred animal genomes in progress, the amount of genetic data available is increasing exponentially. This exponential increase in data is having an immediate impact on the process of drug development. By using techniques of information technology to manipulate data regarding the genes, proteins, and biochemical pathways associated with various diseases, scientists are beginning to be able to design drugs in a systematic fashion. In the context of any given disease, scientists look to see whether a gene, a protein for which the gene codes, or another protein in the relevant biochemical pathway could be the “target” biological molecule, the “knocking out” of which would halt or slow the disease's progression. Once a target molecule has been identified and characterized structurally, drug therapies that would be likely to knock out this target can be identified and tested systematically. The merger of information technology and genetic technology has changed the process of pharmaceutical development so much that a new term—bioinformatics—has been coined to describe this new approach to such development.
Switch-mode VAr compensator with minimized switching losses and energy storage elements

A parallel-resonant DC link (PRDCL) circuit topology is proposed as an interface between DC voltage supply and the inverter to provide a short zero-voltage period in the DC link of the inverter to allow zero voltage switching in the switch-mode VAr compensator (SMVC). The circuit along with the SMVC can compensate for leading and lagging displacement power factors with a high switching frequency at significantly reduced switching losses. The new circuit is especially suitable for high-power SMVC applications using GTOs or other gate-turn-off devices. The circuit is analyzed in detail, and its operation principle is explained. Several design considerations are addressed, and the design formulas are obtained. The new topology and the overall system are verified by computer simulations. >
A note on square roots in finite fields

A simple method showing the quadratic character in a finite field of odd order q can be computed in O(log/sup 2/ q) steps is presented. It is also shown how sequences generated deterministically from a random seed can be used reliably in a recent randomized algorithm of R. Peralta (1986) for computing square roots in finite fields. >
Self‐Regulation: Reminders and Suggestions from Personality Science

La litterature sur l’autoregulation est couramment accusee de faiblesse theorique. Il est possible que les avancees dans les recherches sur la personnalite puissent ouvrir des horizons dans ce secteur. Notre objectif est double. Nous rappelons d’abord des distinctions conceptuelles qui, bien que parfois negligees, sont essentielles dans les etudes contemporaines sur la personnalite et incontournables pour acceder au niveau theorique dans la litterature sur l’autoregulation. Nous disons ensuite que ceux qui font des etudes fondamentales et appliquees sur l’autoregulation auraient interet a assimiler les progres recents concernant la dynamique et la structure de la personnalite intra-individuelle. Nous passons en revue la theorie de base et les recherches sur l’architecture des systemes de la personnalite intra-individuelle, ainsi que les retombees de ce travail dans trois domaines d’application: la psychologie du travail/industrielle/organisationnelle, la psychologie clinique et la sante. The self-regulation literature commonly is said to lack theoretical order. This paper explores the possibility that advances in personality science may foster clarity in this literature. Our goals are two-fold. We remind readers of conceptual distinctions that are central to contemporary personality science, that are necessary to the attainment of theoretical order in the self-regulation literature, yet that sometimes are overlooked. Secondly, we suggest that basic and applied students of self-regulation would profit by capitalising on recent advances in personality science that explore intra-individual personality structure and dynamics. We review theory and research on the architecture of intra-individual personality systems and applications of this work to three domains: health, clinical, and work/industrial/organisation psychology.
Advanced housing materials for extreme space applications

Thermal stresses have a significant impact on the mechanical integrity and performance of RF hybrid circuits. To minimize this impact, a series of spray deposited Si-Al alloys were evaluated for use in electronic housing applications. Current housings for RF modules in space-based applications are generally made from either Kovar or 6061 Al. Although Kovar has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) close to those of GaAs and Si, it also possesses a 10x reduction in thermal conductivity and a 3x increase in density compared with those of 6061 Al. Although it provides improved heat dissipation properties, 6061 Al has a CTE that is nearly 4x that of Kovar. The controlled expansion (CE) spray deposited Si-Al housing materials discussed herein combine a CTE approaching that of Kovar, with a thermal conductivity approaching that of 6061 Al, and a density that is less than that of both materials. The mechanical behavior of select Si-Al alloys was evaluated along with the application of these materials for direct attachment of active devices. Assemblies were thermal cycled from −55 to +125°C.1 2
Doing Is Believing: Do Laboratory Experiences Promote Conceptual Change?

The present study examined whether notions students hold about scientific concepts are impacted by generating and testing hypotheses. Students enrolled in three ninth grade physical science classes were asked to select and test two student-generated hypotheses concerning flotation. Conceptual change was assessed by concept maps and word sorting activities administered at three points in the investigation (pre, mid, and post). Lawson's Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (CTSR) and the Integrated Test of Process Skills (TIPS) were used to assess scientific reasoning ability and proficiency with science process skills, respectively. Twenty-one of 63 students enrolled in the course completed the battery of assessment items and met the classroom attendance requirement. Those 21 students represented the data sample. Students selecting and investigating the hypothesis that weight determines an object's ability to float generally changed their notion of the relationship between weight and flotation. Students investigating the hypothesis that shape determines an object's ability to float did not exhibit conceptual change regarding shape.
Molecular Data Confirm Morphological Variability in the Widespread Foliose Lichen Canoparmelia carolinana (Parmeliaceae)

ABSTRACT Canoparmelia caroliniana is among the most common macrolichens in southeastern North America, occurring on the bark of trees in habitats from urban centers to pristine wilderness. Canoparmelia amabilis was distinguished from C. caroliniana on the basis of differences in the color of the lower surface and morphology of the isidia. Recent fieldwork revealed previously overlooked morphologically variability within C. caroliniana, prompting a revision based on morphology, ecology, and analyses of nrITS sequence data. These data do not support the distinction between C. amabilis and C. caroliniana, and indicate that C. amabilis should be placed in synonymy with C. caroliniana. Analyses of nrITS sequence data confirmed the monophyly of C. caroliniana (including C. amabilis) as well as that of C. cryptochlorophaea and C. texana. A lectotype is selected for C. amabilis because the holotype is presumed to be lost.
‘That There May Be Equality’: The Contexts and Consequences of a Pauline Ideal

The purpose of this essay is to illuminate the character of Paul's appropriation of the ideal of ‘equality’ (ἰσότηϛ) in 2 Cor 8.13–15 by exploring the meaning of the term in each of the contexts in the Greek world in which thinking about ‘equality’ developed: friendship, politics, and the cosmos. The essay traces a consistent tendency in Paul to reverse the ancient logic of inverse proportion as the means for achieving ‘equality’. The essay highlights the novelty of Paul's attempt to create an economic structure—partnership in the collection—the goal of which was to achieve ‘equality’ between persons of different social classes through redistributive exchange.
Red Spruce Stand Dynamics, Simulations, and Restoration Opportunities in the Central Appalachians

Red spruce (Picea rubens)–dominated forests occupied as much as 600,000 ha in West Virginia prior to exploitive logging era of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Subsequently, much of this forest type was converted to northern hardwoods. As an important habitat type for a number of rare or sensitive species, only about 12,000 ha of red spruce forests presently remain in the state. In order to assess the prospects for restoration, we examined six northern hardwood stands containing understory red spruce to (1) characterize stand dynamics and regeneration patterns and (2) simulate the effectiveness of restoration silviculture to enhance red spruce overstory recruitment. Stands originated in the late 1800s to early 1900s and are currently in the (late) stem exclusion or understory reinitiation stages. Five of the six stands had even-aged overstories that originated after clear-cutting. Tree-ring chronologies show high initial growth rates consistent with stand initiation. One stand, partially harvested in 1915, was uneven aged with older, legacy residuals in the canopy. Most stands had two cohorts of understory red spruce, with more than 40% of these individuals showing prior release. Our 100-year growth simulation suggested that a 50% basal area thinning from above could double red spruce basal area to support a mixed spruce– hardwood stand in approximately 20–40 years. These results indicate that restoration silviculture could be an effective tool for increasing the amount and quality of this reduced forest type in the central Appalachians.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein stimulate surfactant phospholipid synthesis in rat fetal lung, apparently by a mesenchymal-epithelial mechanism

We examined the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) on rat fetal lung fibroblast and pneumocyte cell signalling. We also studied the effects of PTH and PTHrP on surfactant phospholipid synthesis to determine whether these peptides can modulate pulmonary maturation. Exposure of fibroblasts (gestational days 18-21) to PTH(1-34) or PTHrP(1-34) produced time- and dose-dependent stimulations of cAMP and inositol phosphate accumulation. Maximal stimulation of cAMP accumulation occurred with 1 x 10(-8) M of either peptide. These effects upon cAMP accumulation were competitively inhibited by the PTH antagonist, [Nle8, Nle18, Tyr34]bPTH(3-34)amide. Maximal stimulation of fibroblast inositol phosphates was reached at 1 x 10(-7) M of either peptide. In contrast, PTH and PTHrP at these concentrations produced no changes in cAMP or inositol phosphate metabolism in isolated type II pneumocytes. When pneumocytes were exposed to PTH or PTHrP and pulse-labelled with [methyl-3H]choline chloride, no hormone-stimulated changes in saturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis were detected. However, PTH and PTHrP stimulated saturated PC synthesis in rat fetal lung explants (gestational day 19-20) by 46% and 106%, respectively. When fibroblasts and pneumocytes were co-cultured, PTH and PTHrP again stimulated saturated PC synthesis by 45% and 73%, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that PTH and PTHrP may be endocrine and/or paracrine regulators of fetal lung development.
Is ultrasonic imaging a sensitive indicator of spatially varying elastic anisotropy

It has been conjectured that the mechanical structure of some early-forming neoplasms is anisotropic. If true then strain imaging at different scan angles may provide important diagnostic features for accurate classification of early malignant disease. We are assessing the capability of strain imaging for sensing directionally dependent soft-tissue elastic properties. The studies include measurements and FEA models of gelatin phantoms and ex vivo bovine skeletal muscle. Passive muscle deformation is nonlinear, viscoelastic, and transverse isotropic, in stark contrast to the reference gelatin materials that are isotropic, Hookean solids at very low cycling frequency. We found that for elastically heterogeneous tissue-like media, differences in elastic constants smaller than a factor of two were observed. However changes in directionally-dependent geometry and boundary conditions compete with material anisotropy and are difficult to distinguish. The role of strain imaging for detecting elastic anisotropy depends on the separability of these effects.
Revision of the Drosophila mimica Subgroup, with Descriptions of Ten New Species

Abstract The Drosophila mimica subgroup is revised, including descriptions of 10 new species (D. acanthos Kam & Perreira, D. antecedens Kam & Perreira, D. chimera Kam & Perreira, D. echinostoma Kam & Perreira, D. gagne Kam & Perreira, D. inebria Kam & Perreira, D. lobatopalpus Kam & Perreira, D. ma’ema’e Kam & Perreira, D. odontostoma Kam & Perreira, D. xenophaga Kam & Perrierra) and a needed lectotype designation for Drosophila kauluai Bryan. We erect seven species complexes; conjectura, flavibasis, infuscata, involuta, kauluai, mimica, and soonae, based on a variety of morphological characters, most specifically the chaetotaxy of the labellae and the forelegs of males. A key to all taxa in the mimica subgroup is provided. The ecological associations of this species subgroup are also reviewed. We report host use from 13 of the 20 mimica subgroup species.
SUMMIT STRUCTURES IN MISSISSIPPIAN BLASTOIDS

Abstract The Mississippian blastoid Pentremites Say, 1820, has three different types of summit structures. Type 1 summits are characterized by long slender plates and are present in upper Meramecian and lower-upper Chesterian beds occurring from Iowa to Alabama. Type 2 summits consist of a massive pyramidal summit composed of large toothlike plates. They occur in lower and middle Chesterian deposits located from Illinois to Kentucky. Type 3 summit structures differ greatly from Types 1 and 2, generally consisting of six to seven rectangular plates arched over each side of individual spiracles. They have been found only in middle Chesterian sediments of Kentucky. In all three types of summit structures, the plates covering the anal spiracle are the most numerous and have a specialized arrangement of plates. Some anal spiracles are covered by alternating small spikelike plates, while others display a distinct anal sac or moundlike structure consisting of many small polygonal plates. Type 2 summits have many...
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GENTAMICIN-RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ON AN INTERMEDIATE CARE UNIT

The authors conducted a prospective six-month study of colonization by gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa on an intermediate care unit at a Cleveland, Ohio hospital with the use of selective culture techniques, serotyping, and plasmid analysis. Thirty-five of 163 patients (21%) were culture positive at least once for gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patient samples, environmental cultures, and personnel hand cultures revealed no common source for the organisms. Plasmid profiling added little to the serotyping data. Only nonambulation and length of stay on the unit were significant independent risk factors for colonization with gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by multiple logistic regression analysis. Age, use of urinary catheters, exposure to antibiotics, and duration of antibiotic use were correlated with one or both of the independent risk factors, but were not themselves independently associated with colonization by these resistant organisms. Cross-colonization apparently was not an important mode of dissemination of gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa on this intermediate care unit. The identified risk factors appear to be more important than cross-colonization, and control strategies should address these issues.
Daily exercise enhances coronary resistance vessel sensitivity to pharmacological activation

The effect of daily exercise on the coronary resistance vessel sensitivity to intracoronary infusion of several pharmacological agents was assessed in 12 conscious adult mongrel dogs. alpha-Adrenergic receptor agonists (norepinephrine and phenylephrine) significantly decreased coronary blood flow velocity. beta 2-Adrenergic receptor agonists (isoproterenol and zinterol) and a metabolic vasodilator (adenosine) significantly increased coronary blood flow velocity. These responses occurred without altering factors that influence myocardial metabolism. Daily exercise significantly enhanced the coronary vascular sensitivity to each of the pharmacological agents. These results suggest that a nonspecific potentiation to pharmacological activation occurs after daily exercise. After left stellate ganglionectomy, intracoronary infusions of each pharmacological agent had similar effects on coronary blood flow velocity as presented for the intact dogs; however, daily exercise did not enhance the coronary vascular sensitivity to the pharmacological agents. These results demonstrate the need for an intact nervous system for the vascular adaptations associated with daily exercise.
Tunable band rejection in a tightly-coupled array using varactor diodes

A mechanism for tunable band rejection in the reconfigurable balun of an ultra-wideband (UWB) tightly-coupled array (TCA) is presented. A variable capacitor increases and controls the effective length of the balun's short stub, shorting out the dipoles of the array at a specific frequency. The practical implementation of the rejection scheme using varactor diodes is discussed. A number of different varactor diodes has been measured using a custom-made evaluation board to model their actual behavior. Simulation results, including the characterized components and their DC biasing network, verify the design. A fabricated prototype of the reconfigurable array will be presented at the conference.
Parasite Activity Related to Ovipositional Responses in Hippelates collusor

Gravid Hippelates collusor (Townsend) oviposited at a greater rate in laboratory and field units that contained tilled millet than in those containing growing or ovendried millet plants, although some eggs were deposited in all situations. In saturated soils no oviposition occurred until the surface film of water was absorbed by the substrate. Parasitization by Puerto Rican Trybliographa sp., attacking larvae, and Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead, attacking pupae, was largely curtailed in the tilled habitat, but occurred proportional to host density in the growing millet. The depth of plant roots did not influence parasite progeny production. Greater host destruction resulted at shallower depths. Tillage poses 3 recognized obstacles to biological control by (1) stimulating greater host oviposition, (2) assuring optimum larval development, and (3) decreasing the host-finding capacity of imported parasites.
Question Order Affects the Measurement of Bullying Victimization among Middle School Students.

Bullying among youth is recognized as a serious student problem, especially in middle school. The most common approach to measuring bullying is through student self-report surveys that ask questions about different types of bullying victimization. Although prior studies have shown that question-order effects may influence participant responses, no study has examined these effects with middle school students. A randomized experiment (n = 5,951 middle school students) testing the question-order effect found that changing the sequence of questions can result in 45% higher prevalence rates. These findings raise questions about the accuracy of several widely used bullying surveys.