cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical predictors of laryngotracheoesophageal clefts and tracheoesophageal fistulae in children with dysphagia.

Laryngotracheoesophageal clefts (LTECs) and tracheoesophageal fistulae (TEF) are important structural causes of aspiration requiring bronchoscopy for diagnosis. Determining which children are at greatest risk for LTEC and TEF would enable clinicians to be more selective in performing bronchoscopy. METHODS Medical records of children aged 0-18 years who underwent flexible and rigid bronchoscopy for evaluation of dysphagia with aspiration were collected and analyzed to identify predictors of LTEC and TEF. RESULTS Seventy-two children age 2 months to 9 years were identified. LTEC was identified in 19 (26%) and TEF was identified in 1 (1.3%). One-third of the cohort was born preterm (median gestational age 34 weeks). The proportion of LTEC in those born preterm was lower than that of those born full-term (12% vs. 34%, p = .03). There was no statistically significant difference in LTEC prevalence based on age, midline defects, laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia, history of TEF repair, silent aspiration, or viscosity of barium aspirated during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology, lipid-laden macrophage proportions, and culture results were similar among those with and without LTEC. CONCLUSION Children with dysphagia and tracheal aspiration born full-term are three times more likely to have LTEC than those born preterm. Dysphagia in children with a history of preterm birth is more likely to be functional as opposed to structural, however, LTEC was identified in approximately 10% of these children and must be considered. These results support the role of bronchoscopy in children with dysphagia with tracheal aspiration.
Developmental toxicity interactions of salicylic acid and radiofrequency radiation or 2-methoxyethanol in rats

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in a variety of workplaces where workers are concurrently exposed to chemicals. Combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The purpose of the present research was to determine if the synergistic effects noted for RF radiation and 2ME are generalizable to other chemicals. Since salicylic acid (SA) is widely used as an analgesic and is teratogenic in animals, SA was selected to address generalizability. Based on the literature and our pilot studies, 0, 250, or 350 mg/kg SA were administered by gavage on gestation Day 9 or 13 to rats. Concurrently rats given SA on Day 9 were exposed to RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperature at 41°C for 60 min (or sham). Those given SA on Day 13 were also given 0 or 100 mg/kg 2ME (gavage). Dams were sacrificed on gestation Day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. The data provide no evidence of synergistic interactions between RF radiation and salicylic acid (resorptions and malformations). Limited evidence of antagonism was observed between 2ME and salicylic acid (fetal weights). This investigation highlights the importance of additional research on interactions in developmental toxicology, and emphasizes the need to consider combined exposure effects when developing both physical agent and chemical agent exposure guidelines and intervention strategies.
体位性起立性頻拍症候群（POTS; Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome）：臨床医のための最新知見

Stimulated by the widespread use of head-up tilt testing, transient episodes of neurocardiogenically mediated hypotension and bradycardia have become a well recognized cause of recurrent syncope and near syncope (generally referred to as neurally mediated syncope). On the other hand, a large subgroup of patients was identified, who appeared to have a less severe hypotension and orthostatic intolerance that is characterized by postural tachycardia, exercise intolerance, disabling fatigue, lightheadedness and dizziness. This form of disability has been recognized as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). While the etiology of POTS is still unclear, a mild form of idiopathic peripheral autonomic neuropathy (partial dysautonomia) or beta-receptor hypersensitivity has been suggested for the pathophysiology of this disorder. A detailed history and physical examination that includes a careful neurologic examination are essential for diagnosis. Head-up tilt testing is often useful as a standardized measure of response to postural change. This review summarizes the history, current knowledge of clinical features, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
A step toward ad hoc networks: can relays really improve the performance of cellular networks?

Some believe the future of cellular wireless networks could see "cellular ad hoc" networks that use multihop transmission through relays as a means of improving performance of existing cellular systems. We herein consider the question of whether relays can really improve the performance of cellular networks, by comparing a cellular network with no relays to one with relays (with different user distributions) to one with the relays replaced by micro-cell base stations. Metrics such as throughput, delay, number of hops, and cost are discussed.
Urban and Regional Technology Planning: Planning Practice in the Global Knowledge Economy

Part of the popular Networked Cities series, Urban and Regional Technology Planning focuses on the practice of relational planning and the stimulation of local city-regional scale development planning in the context of the global knowledge economy and network society. Designed to offer scholars, practitioners, and decision makers studies on the ways of cities, technologies, and multiple forms of urban movement intersect and create the contemporary urban environment, Kenneth Corey and Mark Wilson explore the dynamics of technology-induced change that is taking place within the context of the global knowledge economy and network society. Examining first the knowledge economy itself, Wilson and Corey go on to discuss its implications before proposing ways to strategize for future intelligent development, with particular emphasis on the ALERT model for regional and local planning. An important read for those practicing or studying planning in this network society.
Numerical Methods for the Navier-Stokes Equations

In the early 1970’s Murman and Cole in a landmark paper [1] set the groundwork for the development of computational fluid dynamics for years to come. Their paper demonstrated the use of type dependent finite difference approximations, chosen according to the characteristic speeds of the flow, and Gauss-Seidel line relaxation to solve the transonic small disturbance equation. Following their success, Jameson [2] introduced a “rotated” difference scheme and extended the Murman-Cole procedure to solve the full potential equation. These early contributions were responsible for the rapid growth and widespread application of computational fluid dynamics to aerodynamic design in the 1970’s. Last year Chakravarthy [3] applied flux-split type-dependent difference approximations and Gauss-Seidel line relaxation to solve the Euler equations. And this year Napolitano and Walters [4] and this author [5] used these procedures to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. On the one hand it’s amazing that the same key features of the Murman-Cole scheme can be applied to the more complete sets of governing equations, and on the other it’s amazing that it took a decade and a half to realize it. This paper outlines the use of these features for solving the Navier-Stokes equations and presents some computed results demonstrating high numerical efficiency.
Natural History of Pathologically Benign Cancer Suspicious Regions on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Targeted Biopsy

Purpose: We determined the natural history of pathologically benign cancer suspicious regions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging following targeted biopsy.Materials and Methods: Between January 2012 and September 2014, 330 men underwent prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 533 cancer suspicious regions were identified and scored on a Likert scale of 1 to 5 based on suspicion for malignancy with 5 indicating the highest suspicion level. Following multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging all men underwent magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion targeted prostate biopsy using ProFuse software and the ei-Nav|Artemis system (innoMedicus, Cham, Switzerland), and a computer generated 12-core random biopsy. We analyzed a cohort of 34 men with a total of 51 cancer suspicious regions who had benign prostate biopsies and underwent repeat multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and prostate specific antigen testing at 1 year. Changes in the greatest linear measurement, ...
Operating systems must support GPU abstractions

This paper argues that lack of OS support for GPU abstractions fundamentally limits the usability of GPUs in many application domains. OSes offer abstractions for most common resources such as CPUs, input devices, and file systems. In contrast, OSes currently hide GPUs behind an awkward ioctl interface, shifting the burden for abstractions onto user libraries and run-times. Consequently, OSes cannot provide system-wide guarantees such as fairness and isolation for GPUs, and developers must sacrifice modularity and performance when composing systems that integrate GPUs along with other OS-managed resources. We propose new kernel abstractions to support GPUs and other accelerator devices as first class computing resources.
Islamic Capital Markets: A Selective Introduction

This paper is a simple introduction to the Islamic capital markets. It was prepared for a forthcoming volume focusing on legal practitioners in the international capital markets.
Iron: Organometallic Chemistry

Studies involving the preparation, reactivity, and properties of the organometallic complexes of iron (compounds possessing a FeC bond) have played a central role in the growth of organometallics as a major subdiscipline with chemistry. From the discovery of ferrocene in the 1950s to the present day, interest and research activity remain high. This entry provides a survey of this large and diverse area of organometallic chemistry, and is arranged by increasing hapticity of the organic ligand of interest that is bound to iron. Included are discussions of the chemistry of iron σ-alkyl, acyl, alkynyl, and vinyl complexes, iron carbenes, η1- and η3-allyl iron complexes, η2-alkene and η4-diene iron complexes, trimethylenemethane and cyclobutadiene complexes of iron, cationic iron pentadienyl, cyclohexadienyl, and arene complexes, and ferrocenes and heteroferrocenes. Keywords: iron organometallics; iron carbene; tricarbonyliron complex; ferrocene; iron diene complex; iron alkene; iron alkyl; iron acyl; iron allyl; iron pentadienyl cation
Endometriosis and the Infertile Patient

Approximately one-third of all patients who suffer from endometriosis may not be able to conceive. More than 10% of infertile patients have endometriosis as the causative factor of their infertility. The stressful effect of infertility on the couple's life may be devastating. The infertility and endocrinology nurse may play a major role in alleviating the painful experience of such unfortunate patients. The pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of endometriosis are described. The important role of the nurse in the management of patients with endometriosis is emphasized.
Flavonoids of Datura

Four analogues of quercetin and of kaempferol are found in Datura. The occurrence of these compounds vary throughout the examined populations, but do not seem correlated with the estimated UV-B exposure environment of their collection sites.
The kinetics of lanthanide complexation by EDTA and DTPA in lactate media

The interaction of trivalent lanthanide and actinide cations with polyaminopolycarboxylic acid complexing agents in lactic acid buffer systems is an important feature of the chemistry of the TALSPEAK process for the separation of trivalent actinides from lanthanides. To improve understanding of metal ion coordination chemistry in this process, the results of an investigation of the kinetics of lanthanide complexation by ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) in 0.3 M lactic acid/0.3 M ionic strength solution are reported. Progress of the reaction was monitored using the distinctive visible spectral changes attendant to lanthanide complexation by the colorimetric indicator ligand Arsenazo III, which enables the experiment but plays no mechanistic role. Under the conditions of these experiments, the reactions occur in a time regime suitable for study by stopped-flow spectrophotometric techniques. Experiments have been conducted as a function of EDTA/DTPA ligand concentration, total lactic acid concentration, and pH. The equilibrium perturbation reaction proceeds as a first order approach to equilibrium over a wide range of conditions, allowing the simultaneous determination of complex formation and dissociation rate constants. The rate of the complexation reaction has been determined for the entire lanthanide series (except Pm3+). The predominant pathway for lanthanide–EDTA and lanthanide–DTPA dissociation is inversely dependent on the total lactate concentration; the complex formation reaction demonstrates a direct dependence on [H+]. Unexpectedly, the rate of the complex formation reaction is seen in both ligand systems to be fastest for Gd3+. Correlation of these results indicates that in 0.3 M lactate solutions the exchange of lanthanide ions between lactate complexes and the polyaminopolycarboxylate govern the process.
Locally optimal navigation among movable obstacles in unknown environments

Mobile manipulators and humanoid robots should be able to utilize their manipulation capabilities to move obstacles out of their way. This concept is captured within the domain of Navigation Among Movable Obstacles (NAMO). While a variety of NAMO algorithms exists, they typically assume full world knowledge. In contrast, real robot systems only have limited sensor range and partial environment knowledge. In this work we present the first NAMO system for unknown environments capable of handling a large set of possible object motions and arbitrary object shapes while guaranteeing optimal decision making for the given knowledge. We demonstrate empirical results with up to 70 obstacles.
Quantum-correlation metrology with biphotons: where is the limit?

Theoretical analysis shows that the correlation time of a photon pair is closely related to the spectrum of two-photon light. This entails limitations on the shortest achievable two-photon correlation time. These limitations are important for quantum optical metrology and information processing applications, especially those involving quasi-monochromatic light. In this paper we present a more rigorous proof of the fact that the shortest possible two-photon correlation time is limited by approximately the inverse width of the optical spectrum. We further show that this limit can be closely approached with Type-I spontaneous parametric down-conversion at a specific pump wavelength. This study also results in the prediction of very unusual parametric down-conversion spectra, suggesting a method for engineering of frequency-entangled two-photon states.
Clinical practice guidelines in nutrition support: can they be based on randomized clinical trials?

As rationing of health care services becomes an increasing reality, the pressure to justify interventions such as nutrition support will intensify. The establishment of clinical practice guidelines is one means of providing practitioners with such justification, but clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support cannot be based primarily on prospective randomized trials. This situation arises as the result of limitations specific to nutrition support whereby the most malnourished patients-those who appear most likely to show a benefit from the treatment-cannot be randomized to a no feeding group and are therefore excluded from participation in the study. As the result of this limitation, marginal candidates for nutrition support have been included in some trials, potentially masking the benefits of this treatment. An additional problem limiting present interpretation of published reports of randomized trials in nutrition support is the fact that ongoing research continues to yield improvements in the clinical practice of nutrition support. Thus the nutrition support group in such trials may not have received this treatment according to current practice. The A.S.P.E.N. Guidelines, based on both randomized prospective trials and other types of evidence, represent an important contribution to the practice of nutrition support. Testing of the performance of these and other guidelines in clinical practice and further outcomes research will be important steps toward revision and improvement of nutrition support, but may be difficult to achieve in the near future.
An assessment of fit and sizing of men's business clothing

Purpose – This paper seeks to investigate issues with the fit and sizing of commercially available men's business clothing in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – The functional design process is a conceptual framework used to frame an investigation of fit and sizing of men's business clothing. Data were collected from 322 men aged 20‐55 at two different demographic levels. Sizing and fit of men's shirts, pants, suits and their garment features were reported to investigate fit issues with men's ready‐to‐wear business clothing and their relationships to sizing and overall body composition.Findings – Results indicated that many men self‐report fit issues with their business clothing, including issues with the key sizing dimensions of their garments. Consumers frequenting specialty stores with high service levels reported fewer issues with key sizing dimensions, but more issues in other areas of the garments. Many respondents did not know their garment size. Some consumers appear to be choosing their garmen...
In situ generation of a bisubstrate analogue for protein arginine methyltransferase 1.

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are (S)-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases that catalyze the post-translational methylation of Arg residues in a variety of different proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and RNA splicing (e.g., histones H2A, H3, and H4). Herein, we describe the use of an N-mustard, 5‘-(diaminobutyric acid)-N-iodoethyl-5‘-deoxyadenosine ammonium hydrochloride (AAI), to generate a bisubstrate analogue inhibitor of PRMT1. Using the approach outlined in this communication, it should be possible to generate bisubstrate analogue-based inhibitors of PRMT isozymes that are potent and highly selective for a particular isozyme. The fact that PRMT1 catalyzes AAI transfer is also significant because with appropriate modifications (e.g., functionalization with pendant azido or alkyne functionalities) this compound could be used for proteomic applications to identify novel PRMT substrates.
SU-E-T-576: A Comprehensive Approach for SBRT Irradiation on RPC Spine Phantom

Purpose: To evaluate the entire spine SBRT process and perform comprehensive quality assurance (QA) for RPC Spine Phantom irradiation. Methods: A RPC spine phantom was obtained for RTOG0631 protocol credentialing. A 7 beam, 6MV photon, step‐and‐shoot IMRT treatment plan was generated using Pinnacle3 treatment planning system (TPS). Total 6Gy in 1 fraction was prescribed to the target PTV. Stringent objectives for OARs were set during plan optimization. Treatment table attenuation factor was measured for all posterior beams penetrating through the table. A comprehensive quality assurance (QA) of the plan was performed: I'mrt phantom (Scanditronix Wellhoffer, Germany) ‐based ion chamber point‐ dose measurement and GAF chromic film axial plane dose measurement, and Mapcheck planar dose measurements. The treatment plan was loaded on the front part of the I'mrt phantom and the planar dose at planned film location was generated for 2D gamma comparison. Similarly, the treatment plan was loaded on the rear part of the I'mrt phantom and point dose at ion chamber location was recorded. A routine beam‐by‐beam IMRT planar dose QA was performed. Results: The treatment plan has met protocol requirement of PTV coverage and OAR constraints. Greater than 90% of the PTV received prescribed dose. Max point dose of cord, heart and esophagus were 3.23, 1.74 and 5.20Gy, respectively. 1000cc lung received 0.75Gy. Table attenuation factors were 0.043, 0.052 and 0.08. Ion chamber measurement was agreed with TPS PTV point dose within 0.1%. Axial film measurement had excellent agreement with plan, the gamma index pass rate was 98.6% with 3% and 3mm criteria. Conclusion: Spine SBRT requires accurate TPS commissioning, careful planning and good image guidance before final patient treatment. The comprehensive QA effort needed for spine SBRT was more than the regular fractionated IMRT cases but was warranted by its potential high gain and high risk nature.
Effect of charge on the determination of molecular weight of proteins by gel electrophoresis in SDS.

Abstract It has been found from a comparison of the electrophoretic mobilities on SDS-acrylamide gels of unmaleylated, maleylated, and demaleylated proteins that electrophoretic mobilities are affected by changes in charge as well as by changes in molecular size. Caution is therefore suggested in interpreting the values of molecular weight determined by electrophoresis in SDS-acrylamide gels.
The role relationship between victim and perpetrator as a predictor of characteristics of intrafamilial sexual abuse

It is hypothesized that the closeness of the relationship between the perpetrator of sexual abuse and the victim will determine the number of instances of sexual abuse, the duration of the sexually abusive relationship, the level of coercion necessary to gain compliance, and how long it takes the victim to tell. Differences for cases where the perpetrator is the victim's father and married to the victim's mother, the victim's stepfather or victim's mother's live-in boyfriend, and the victim's noncustodial father are explored. It is argued that in the first case type, the relationship is the closest, the second case type falls in the middle, and in the third, the relationship is the most distant. Hypotheses regarding number of instances of sexual abuse, its duration, and the delay in telling are supported by the data.
Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessing Patency and Function of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts An Angiographically Controlled Study

Background Previous studies have demonstrated the high sensitivity and moderate specificity of standard magnetic resonance (MR) spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) techniques in predicting the patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. These techniques, however, do not provide quantitative information. Therefore, the objectives of this study were first to investigate whether MR cine GE images, performed in addition to standard SE images, have additional value for the assessment of graft patency and second to assess the graft function by measuring the flow pattern and flow rate with MR phase velocity imaging. Methods and Results Forty-seven patients with previous histories of coronary artery bypass grafting underwent angiography and MR SE and cine GE phase velocity imaging. SE and GE images were evaluated by three independent observers blinded to the angiographic results. The spatial mean velocity and volume flow were measured and repeated for each image at consecutive 50-millisecond intervals throughout the cardiac cycle. The 47 patients had 98 proximal aortotomies, of which 60 were single and 38 sequential grafts. Seventy-three grafts were patent; 25 were occluded. Eighty-four grafts (86%) were eligible for comparison of the results of SE and GE images. Assessment of patency was inconclusive on SE images in 7 grafts (5 occluded by angiography) and on GE images in 7 grafts (2 occluded). A comparison of the results of contrast angiography and SE and GE MR imaging techniques showed that both techniques had a high sensitivity (both 98%) and somewhat lower specificity (85% and 88%, respectively) for graft patency. Combined analysis of the SE and GE images did not improve the accuracy. The strength of the interobserver agreement on GE images was good (κ=0.66), whereas on SE images the agreement was moderate (κ=0.51). Adequate MR phase velocity profiles were obtained in 62 (85%) of the 73 angiographically patent grafts. Graft flow was characterized by a balanced biphasic forward flow pattern. The volume flow of sequential grafts to 3 regions (136±106 mL/min) was significantly higher than in single grafts (63±41 mL/min, P <.01). Conclusions Considering the good interobserver agreement and the 85% success rate of quantitative flow measurements, cine GE phase velocity mapping is a promising clinical tool in the noninvasive assessment of graft patency and function.
Brainstem noradrenergic control of nociception is abnormal in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

Abstract Nociceptive processing is altered in individuals with inherited hypertension. Because brainstem noradrenergic (NA) neurons have been implicated in both nociceptive transmission and hypertension, we compared behavioral and cardiovascular indices of pain in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive Wistar–Kyoto controls (WKY) after intracerebroventricular administration of an anti-DβH-saporin immunotoxin. In WKY rats, NA lesions decreased indices of persistent pain in the formalin test, but did not change nociceptive responses in multiple models of acute pain. In SHR rats, NA lesions did not alter persistent nociception, but decreased thresholds in the hotplate test. We conclude that coeruleospinal inhibitory pathways modulate hypoalgesia but not hyperalgesia in the SHR rat. Brainstem noradrenergic inhibition of acute nociception in the hotplate test is enhanced in the SHR rat, but brainstem noradrenergic contribution to persistent nociceptive processing in the formalin test is reduced in the SHR rat.
Estimating the costs of chemotherapy-associated adverse event clusters

Chemotherapy-associated adverse events (AEs) including neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, mucositis and dehydration are common and often occur together in clusters. As a consequence, it makes little clinical sense to discuss the costs associated with an isolated AE, ignoring real-life clustering. This study estimates the costs of AEs based on a new approach—the clinically relevant AE cluster. The study population included all cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (N = 2,067) over 1 year at The University of Pennsylvania Health System. AE clusters were determined using algorithms based on the start and end dates of AEs and dates of chemotherapy administration. Models were developed to estimate the total and specific daily costs associated with the presence of AE clusters using loglinear variance estimation. The study found that the cost of a hospitalized day was $1,444 (95% CI 1,340–1,548). Neutropenia in isolation added another $130 (–278–538) to a hospitalized day while neutropenia plus thrombocytopenia increased daily costs by $461 (244–677) and the cluster of anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia added $840 per day (629–1,051). Anemia alone added $568 (346–789) to the hospital day and mucositis, in conjunction with other AEs, increased the daily hospital costs by $466 (201–732). Estimating the costs of chemotherapy-associated AEs can be achieved using clinically meaningful chemotherapy-associated AE clusters. Models incorporating clusters can be utilized to estimate the expected costs of chemotherapy associated AEs.
Increased aggression among grouped male mice fed nitrazepam and flurazepam

Summary Grouped male mice fed a diet containing 0.005% nitrazepam or 0.02% flurazepam were more aggressive than untreated controls. Combat-related mortality during a two-week grouping period was significantly higher among treated males.
Enzymatic resolution of 2-trifluoromethylalanine

Abstract Hog kidney aminoacylase catalyzes hydrolysis of N-trifluoroacetyl-R(+)2-trifluoromethylalanine with 99.1% enantioselectivity.
Structure, physical, chemical and photophysical properties of Pt(bph) (CO)2, where bph is the biphenyl dianion

Abstract The complex Pt(bph) (CO)2 crystallizes in the space group Cmcm with a = 18.647(6), b = 9.566(2) and c = 6.4060(5) A . The geometry of the molecule is slightly distorted from square planar with a PtC(CO) bond distance of 1.98(2) A and a PtC(bph) bond distance of 2.04(2) A. The Pt(bph)(CO)2 complex serves as a precursor for the preparation of a wide variety of Pt(bph)X2 complexes, where X = monodentate ligands such as acetonitrile, pyridine, etc., and X2 = bidentate ligands such as bypyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, etc. In the solid state, the complex exhibits a green color, but when ground with an alkali metal salt turns deep blue to purple. In CH2Cl2, the color disappears but optical transitions are observed at 271 nm (2.7 × 104 M−1 cm−1), 303 nm (1.1 × 104 M−1 cm−1) and 330 nm (5.5 × 103 M−1 cm−1). The complex is a weak emitter exhibiting a structured spectrum in CH2Cl2 at r.t. with maxima located at 562 and 594 nm and an emission lifetime of 3.1 μs when excited at 337 nm.
Pushing the limit: Examining factors that affect anoxia tolerance in a single genotype of adult D. melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a promiscuous species that inhabits a large range of harsh environments including flooded habitats and varying temperature changes. To survive these environments, fruit flies have adapted mechanisms of tolerance that allow them to thrive. During exposure to anoxic stress, fruit flies and other poikilotherms enter into a reversible, protective coma. This coma can be manipulated based on controlled environmental conditions inside the laboratory. Here we utilize a common laboratory raised strain of D. melanogaster to characterize adaptation abilities to better understand coma recovery and survival limitations. Our goal is to mimic the fly's natural environments (wet anoxia) and relate findings to a typical gas induced environment (dry anoxia) that is commonly used in a laboratory. Despite the abundance of research regarding acute and chronic anoxic exposure and cold stress, the literature is lacking evidence linking anoxic stress with variable environmental conditions such as animal age and stress duration. We present novel ways to assess coma recovery and survival using readily available laboratory tools. Our findings suggest that younger age, exposure to colder temperatures and wet environments increase resistance to anoxic stress.
Effects of equal credit opportunity legislation in consumer finance lending

Abstract The objective of equal credit opportunity legislation (ECOL) is to eradicate discrimination against women and minority groups in the nation's consumer credit markets. Whether ECOL is successful and “benefits” such consumers is an empirical issues. Also, the “costs” of ECOL, if any, must be assayed. This article discusses these and related issues concerning the impact of ECOL. Against this background empirical findings from a nationwide consumer finance company are reviewed and implications for public policy are drawn.
An evolutionary calculation of Jupiter.

A preliminary evolutionary calculation was made for a stellar object of 0.001 solar mass composed of pure hydrogen. The star undergoes the gravitational contraction from an initial radius of 35 times the present radius of Jupiter (R sub Jup). The interior is assumed to be in convective equilibrium throughout the evolution. The evolution has been followed for 10 to the ninth power y at which time R = 2.8 R sub Jup and the central temperature is 18000 K. The log of the luminosity (in units of solar luminosity) and effective temperature due to the internal energy sources are log L/solar luminosity = -9.0 and log T sub e = 1.77.
Fractal tracer distributions in complicated surface flows: an application of random maps to fluid dynamics

Measurements of the local dynamics on the surface of a fluid undergoing complicated motion allow prediction of the measured fractal dimension of an aggregate of passive, floating tracers. This realization of a strange attractor in physical space is a rare instance where there is a firm quantitative coonection between the dimension of an experimentally observed fractal spatial pattern and the process producing it. The results also show that the fractal dimension of a tracer distribution is a potential diagnostic for the dynamics of the underlying flow. The analysis of experimental results is performed in terms of random mappings, indicating that this mathematical abstraction provides a potentially useful conceptual framework to bring some spatio-temporal problems into the domain of low-dimensional dynamics.
Curvature-Modulated Phase Separation in Lipid Bilayer Membranes

Cellular membranes exhibit a variety of controlled curvatures, with filopodia, microvilli, and mitotic cleavage furrows being only a few of many examples. Coupling between local curvature and chemical composition in membranes could provide a means of mechanically controlling the spatial organization of membrane components. Although this concept has surfaced repeatedly over the years, controlled experimental investigations have proven elusive. Here, we introduce an experimental platform, in which microfabricated surfaces impose specific curvature patterns onto lipid bilayers, that allows quantification of mechanochemical couplings in membranes. We find that, beyond a critical curvature value, membrane geometry governs the spatial ordering of phase-separated domain structures in membranes composed of cholesterol and phospholipids. The curvature-controlled ordering, a consequence of the distinct mechanical properties of the lipid phases, makes possible a determination of the bending rigidity difference between cholesterol-rich and cholesterol-poor lipid domains. These observations point to a strong coupling between mechanical bending and chemical organization that should have wide-reaching consequences for biological membranes. Curvature-mediated patterning may also be useful in controlling complex fluids other than biomembranes.
Contribution of electronic excitations to the entropy of crystals: The relative stabilities of the hcp, fcc, and bcc structures among the transition metals

The entropy contributions to the relative stability of one crystal structure versus another due to electronic excitations are calculated in lowest order. While the electronic contribution is but a small part of the total entropy of a crystal, the change in these terms with change in structure is as large as the entropy changes inferred from experiment. One will not have a complete accounting of such entropy effects until there are detailed estimates of the phonon contributions. However, the present results offer the possibility of dividing the experimental values into electronic and phonon terms and attributing to each the temperature dependence of their leading terms when doing thermodynamic calculations.
A time-resolved Raman study of inhomogeneous dephasing in high-pressure molecular crystals

Abstract Time-resolved coherent Raman measurements at low temperature are performed on strain-free crystals at high pressure and on highly strained crystals following a pressure release. Results for several Raman modes of naphthalene and carbon disulfide are analyzed in terms of a competition between vibrational relaxation and inhomogeneous dephasing. Changes in vibrational dephasing induced by a large negative pressure change (−Δ P ⩾5 kbar) are used to determine the magnitude of inhomogeneous dephasing effects. The vibrational dephasing for molecular crystals grown at high pressure in a diamond anvil cell is found to be homogeneous, whereas strain-induced inhomogeneous dephasing is found to be vibrational mode specific.
Necrotizing fasciitis following liver and small intestine transplantation

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, subcutaneous infection. It can occur in patients after solid-organ transplantation. We herein report two patients who developed necrotizing fasciitis following combined liver and small intestine transplantation. The first patient experienced this infection 4 yr after transplantation and 1 yr after the closure of the ileostomy. The second patient suffered from necrotizing fasciitis 2 days after the transplant. Both cases were diagnosed on the physical findings, culture of subcutaneous lavage, and the computed tomography findings. The site of entrance of the organism was not clear in either case. Both patients had a fulminant course and died within 1 week from the onset, despite aggressive surgical intervention. Therefore, necrotizing fasciitis has to be recognized as a potential complication of intestinal transplantation.
The Impact of Alternative Tax Structures on Personal Consumption and Saving

Introduction: limitations of the study, 475. — I. Summary of Procedure, 476. — II. Summary of Results, 482. — III. Alternative Assumptions: lag in consumption habits, 488; shape of saving schedule, 490; shifting of corporation tax, 493. — Appendix, 497.
LOCALLY RECURRENT PROSTATE TUMORS FOLLOWING EITHER RADIATION THERAPY OR RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY HAVE CHANGES IN KI-67 LABELING INDEX, P53 AND BCL-2 IMMUNOREACTIVITY

AbstractPurpose: We compare the biological phenotype of recurrent prostatic tumors after definitive local therapy (radiation or radical prostatectomy) with that of the same tumors before treatment.Materials and Methods: Cellular proliferation (Ki-67 labeling index), p53 nuclear reactivity and bcl-2 immunoreactivity were determined in pretreatment and posttreatment tumor specimens from 13 patients with local tumor recurrence following radiation, and in 18 patients with local tumor recurrence following radical prostatectomy.Results: Mean Ki-67 labeling index increased approximately 2-fold in locally recurrent tumors after radiation (10.5 versus 5.6%, p = 0.0008) or surgery (6.0 versus 3.2%, p = 0.0025) when compared with pretreatment tumors. We noted p53 nuclear reactivity in a significantly higher proportion of recurrences than in pretreatment tumors following radiation (54 versus 8%, p = 0.032) and surgery (39 versus 5%, p = 0.022). Although bcl-2 immunoreactivity was also seen in a higher proportion of r...
Local structure of supercurrent flow past an impurity.

We discuss theoretical aspects of a uniform supercurrent flowing past an impurity in a conventional superconductor. In the vicinity of the impurity the order parameter and the current density are perturbed from their values at infinity. We present a detailed calculation of these distortions in the Ginzburg-Landau region close to ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ using a version of the quasiclassical theory developed by Thuneberg. We then discuss the physical implications of these calculations.
A constant‐denominator perturbation theory using circulant orbitals

A constant-denominator perturbation formalism is developed employing a basis of circulant orbitals and a projected Moller–Plesset partitioning of the Hamiltonian operator. A formal justification for the classical Unsold approximation is thereby provided. A calculation of correlation energy in the beryllium atom is carried out, and the results are compared with results obtained by the full configuration interaction method and conventional Moller–Plesset perturbation theory.
KRb fractionation by plagioclase feldspars

Abstract Calcic plagioclases from basaltic-gabbroic rocks and anorthosites exhibit a strong fractionation of K and Rb. The trend of K Rb ratio with K content is similar to that shown by oceanic tholeiites. Such a K-Rb relationship is not shown by metamorphic plagioclase. High K Rb ratios in gabbroic or anorthositic rocks may not indicate a “mantle” origin but may only reflect partitioning of K and Rb between liquid and plagioclase. The K Rb ratios in stone meteorites appear to be largely controlled by their constituent plagioclase.
A reduction method for multiple time scale stochastic reaction networks

In this paper we develop a reduction method for multiple time scale stochastic reaction networks. When the transition-rate matrix between different states of the species is available, we obtain systems of reduced equations, whose solutions can successively approximate, to any degree of accuracy, the exact probability that the reaction system be in any particular state. For the case when the transition-rate matrix is not available, one needs to rely on the chemical master equation. For this case, we obtain a corresponding reduced master equation with first-order accuracy. We illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of both approaches by simulating several motivating examples and comparing the results of our simulations with the results obtained by the exact method. Our examples include both linear and nonlinear reaction networks as well as a three time scale stochastic reaction-diffusion model arising from gene expression.
Thinking About Applications: Effects on Mental Models and Creative Problem-Solving

Many techniques have been used to train creative problem-solving skills. Although the available techniques have often proven to be effective, creative training often discounts the value of thinking about applications. In this study, 248 undergraduates were asked to develop advertising campaigns for a new high-energy soft drink. Solutions to this problem were evaluated for quality, originality, and elegance. Prior to preparing these advertising campaigns, participants were provided with training in strategies for thinking about the potential applications of creative problem-solutions. It was found that training people to think about the uses of ideas and preparation for idea implementation contributed to the acquisition of stronger mental models and production of advertising campaigns evidencing greater quality, originality, and elegance. The implications of these findings for creative though and creative education are discussed.
Occupational Therapists' Roles in Treating Substance Abuse

Occupational therapy practitioners intervene in a wide variety of settings with people who abuse substances. Recognition of the effect that the substance abuse has had on the occupational functioning of the individual and the family is a unique dimension that the occupational therapist brings to the interdisciplinary approach. By facilitating the skills, daily routines, and occupational roles that the individual values and helping integrate them into the individual's view of self, the occupational therapist can enhance the life-style and support the abstinence of the newly recovering substance abuser.
Changes in Soil Mineralogy and Texture Caused by Slash-and-Burn Fires in Sumatra, Indonesia

We investigated the effect of fire intensity from slash-and-burn agriculture on the mineralogy of Oxisols in the Sepunggur area, Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, in both field and laboratory experiments. Samples were collected from two depths (0-5 and 5-15 cm) at locations exposed to 100,300,600, and >600°C surface temperatures during the burns. Soils under forest and slashed vegetation were collected as controls. The pre-burn soil mineralogy was dominated by kaolinite, gibbsite, anatase, and goethite. Changes in soil properties with burning were most pronounced in the 0- to 5-cm layer. Burning the topsoil led to coarser textures, especially at temperatures exceeding 600°C. Heat reduced the gibbsite and kaolinite concentrations and converted goethite into ultra-fine maghemite, thus increasing the magnetic susceptibility of the samples. The conversion of goethite did not take place until water in the samples had vaporized. Addition of organic matter to soil with a low organic C content before heating increased the magnetic susceptibility, indicating that organic matter was necessary (and limiting) for the complete conversion of goethite. Coarse-grained magnetite particles were present prior to and after the burning and, therefore, were not pyrogenic. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were highly discriminatory among heat treatments, whereas x-ray diffraction (XRD) was much less sensitive to fire-induced changes in mineralogy. Our research showed that severe burning had drastic effects on soil mineralogy, but changes should also be expected at lower fire intensities. Further research is needed to determine how important these changes in soil mineralogy are for nutrient availability in the growing season after the burn.
Critical Care of the Patient With Hematologic Malignancy

Patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma are prone to critical illness because of the diffuse nature of their disease and the disruption of protective mechanisms. Despite high morbidity rates, a number of these patients have an excellent probability of long-term remission if supported through a crisis. Complications that cause critical illness can be categorized as related to disease or those caused by therapy. Those with unique features or management strategies for the hematologic malignancy patient and are included in this discussion include: leukostasis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, tumor lysis syndrome, respiratory failure, and typhlitis. A case study of an acutely ill, newly diagnosed patient with several of these oncologic emergencies is used to exemplify typical clinical finds and management strategies.
Leakage error in Fast Fourier analysis

Abstract Leakage, a common phenomenon in digital Fast Fourier Analysis, is discussed. An analytical explanation of leakage is presented with examples used to illustrate the detrimental effects to accurate signal analysis. Through this development, it is shown that signal amplitude errors of more than 36% are possible as a result of leakage. Also, an analytical method to resolve the error introduced by leakage, and hence to obtain accurate signal information, is presented. In conjunction with this methodology examples are provided to demonstrate the improvement in signal amplitude and frequency estimation possible. Amplitude estimation errors of 14·4% are reduced to 1·5% in one example. Finally, charts for quick estimation of signal amplitude and frequency based on this analytical method are presented. For further illustration, examples of use of this method are also given.
Predicting Patient Survival from Proteomic Profile using Mass Spectrometry Data: An Empirical Study

Predicting survival times of patients with the proteomic profile of bodily fluids, such as plasma and serum, has been of interest in biomedical research. In this article, we consider the same with patient serum using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) data of non small cell lung cancer patients. Due to much larger dimension of features in a mass spectrum compared to the study sample size, traditional linear regression modeling of survival times with high number of proteomic features is not feasible. Hence, we consider latent factor and regularized/penalized methods for fitting such models in order to predict patient survival from the mass spectrometry features. Extensive numerical studies involving both simulated as well as real mass spectrometry data are used to compare four popular regression methods, namely, partial least squares (PLS), sparse partial least square (SPLS), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and elastic net regularization, on proc...
The necessity of imperfect decisions

Abstract I construct a general model which neither postulates decisions are always optimal, nor that decision errors necessarily arise when ‘real world’ agents are involved. Nevertheless, I show that agents always have a positive marginal incentive to use some information imperfectly, but never to use all potential information even if they have costless access to perfect information about how to select every action. These results imply that in order for a decision problem to be internally consistent without simply postulating the extreme limit of perfect decisions, it must explicitly incorporate the effects of both information and decision errors on behavior.