cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The immunochemistry of a linear polymer and a branched copolymer containing the sequence Glu-Lys-Ala-Gly

Abstract The antibody specificity to a randomly coiled polypeptide of known sequence, poly (glutamyllysyl-alanyl-glycine), and to a branched copolymer were studies in rabbits bo inhibition of homologous precipitin reactions. The reactions of both polymers with their homologous antisera were substantially inhibited by the tetrapeptide, Glu-Lys-Ala-Gly. Inhibition of the precipitation of the sequential polypeptide with its antiserum increased with the size of the oligomers, up to the tetramer, (Glu-Lys-Ala-Gly) 4 . From ultracentrifugal and chromatographic studies of the reaction of this antibody with the oligomers as well as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) studies in guinea-pigs, it was concluded that the tetramer, but not the trimer, possessed two antigenic determinants. Inhibition of the reaction of the branched copolymer with its antiserum on a molar basis was independent of the length of the oligomer. The immunodominant region of the branched copolymer appeared to include the amino terminus of the tetrapeptide. The immune response to the linear polymer, on the other hand, was consistent with the presence in the latter of internal determinants.
Clinical criteria in diagnosis of early squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip.

Subjective symptoms, clinical data, and diagnostic evidence were correlated in this survey of 22 cases of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the lower lip. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip may be unsuspected and undiagnosed in its early clinical stages and may appear in occult and noncharacteristic forms. Specific risk factors and characteristics of lesions were sought after clinical and histologic data were correlated in a survey of patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the lower lip.
Adenine nucleotide changes in the remnant liver: An early signal for regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) is orchestrated by multiple signals from cytokines and growth factors. We investigated whether increased energy demand on the remnant liver after PHx contributes to regenerative signals. Changes in the tissue’s energy state were determined from adenine nucleotide levels. ATP levels in remnant livers decreased markedly and rapidly (to 48% of control by 30 sec post-PHx) and remained significantly lower than those in sham-operated controls for 24–48h. The ATP decrease was not reflected in corresponding increases in ADP and AMP, resulting in a marked decline in total adenine nucleotides (TAN). We found no evidence of mitochondrial damage or uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that the decline in TAN was not caused by increased energy demand, but by ATP release from the liver. The extent of ATP loss was identical following 30% or 70% PHx, while fasting or hyperglycemia, conditions that greatly alter energy demand for gluconeogenesis, affected the ATP/ADP decline but not the loss of TAN. Presurgical treatment with the α-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine completely prevented loss of TAN, although changes in ATP/ADP were still apparent. Importantly, phentolamine treatment inhibited early signaling events associated with the priming stages of liver regeneration and suppressed the expression of c-fos. Pretreatment with the purinergic receptor antagonist suramin also partly suppressed early regenerative signals and c-fos expression, but without preventing TAN loss. We conclude that the rapid loss of adenine nucleotides after PHx generates early stress signals that contribute to the onset of liver regeneration.
Visual outcome and ocular survival following iris prolapse in the horse: a review of 32 cases

The medical records of 32 horses treated for iris prolapse (IP) during an 8 year period, at the University of Florida Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, were reviewed. Iris prolapse was associated with perforated corneal ulcers in 15 horses (47%), ruptured stromal abscesses in 2 horses (6%), and full thickness corneal lacerations in 15 horses (47%). Initial ophthalmic examinations revealed IP with severe iridocyclitis in all eyes and keratomalacia in 8 eyes with corneal ulcers, one with a stromal abscess and 1 with a corneal laceration. Hyphema was present in 7 eyes with corneal lacerations. Thirty horses were managed with combined medical and surgical therapy. Two horses were only treated medically with topically administered antibiotics. Of the 24 perforations surgically repaired, 21 were closed primarily and 13 were then covered with a conjunctival graft. After combined therapy and a minimum of 4 months of follow-up, vision was retained in 6 of the horses (40%) with perforating corneal disease and 5 of the horses (33%) with perforating corneal lacerations. Post operatively, of the 11 (37%) horses blind at discharge, 6 (55%) subsequently developed phthisis bulbi. Enucleations were performed in 4 cases with extensive keratomalacia and/or endophthalmitis, 2 cases with limbal rupture and total hyphema, and one case with a chronic IP. One horse was subjected to euthanasia after 3 surgical treatments failed to stabilise stromal melting. Horses presented with ulcerative keratitis of fewer than 15 days duration, or horses with corneal lacerations less than 15 mm in length, tended to have a favourable visual outcome. Keratomalacia, hyphema, corneal lacerations longer than 15 mm and lacerations extending to, along, or beyond the limbus, adversely influenced visual outcome. Iridectomy did not appear clinically to exacerbate anterior uveitis or adversely affect visual outcome. Ocular survival following combined therapy was 80% (12/15) in horses with corneal lacerations and 67% (10/15) in horses with ulcerative keratitis.
A Game-Theoretic Social Model for Multiagent Systems

A collective of autonomous decision-making agents that is tasked to function cooperatively must take into account the effects of their actions on other agents as well as themselves. Although game theory provides a framework within which to achieve rational behavior, classical approaches are limited in their ability to account for sophisticated social relationships such as cooperation, altruism, and negotiation, since they rely on the assumptions of categorical utilities and individual rationality. Conditional game theory is an extension of classical theory that overcomes these limitations by allowing conditional utilities, which permit players to modulate their preferences by the preferences of others, thereby creating an emergent social model as the conditional preferences propagate through the network. New solution concepts that simultaneously take into consideration both group and individual preferences create a framework within which to accommodate sophisticated social relationships.
Three-dimensional radiative-hydrodynamical simulations of the highly irradiated short-period exoplanet HD 189733b

We present a detailed three-dimensional radiative-hydrodynamical simulation of the well known irradiated exoplanet HD189733b. Our model solves the fully compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled to wavelength-dependent radiative transfer throughout the entire planetary envelope. We provide detailed comparisons between the extensive observations of this system and predictions calculated directly from the numerical models. The atmospheric dynamics is characterized by supersonic winds that fairly efficiently advect energy from the dayside to the nightside. Super-rotating equatorial jets form for a wide range of pressures from 10^-5 to 10 bars while counter rotating jets form at higher latitudes. Calculated transit spectrum agree well with the data from the infrared to the UV including the strong Rayleigh scattering seen at short wavelength, though we slightly under-predict the observations at wavelengths shorter then ~0.6 microns. Our predicted emission spectrum agrees remarkably well at 5.8 and 8 microns, but slightly over-predicts the emission at 3.6 and 4.5 microns when compared to the latest analysis by Knutson et. al (2012). Our simulated IRAC phasecurves agree fairly well with the amplitudes of variations, shape, and phases of minimum and maximum flux. However, we over-predict the peak amplitude at 3.6 and 4.5 microns, and slightly under-predict the location of the phasecurve maximum and minimum. These simulations include, for the first time in a multi-dimensional simulation, a strong Rayleigh scattering component to the absorption opacity, necessary to explain observations in the optical and UV. The agreement between our models and observations suggest that including the effects of condensates in simulations as the dominant form of opacity will be very important in future models.
Packed red cell transfusions alter mesenteric arterial reactivity and nitric oxide pathway in preterm lambs

Packed red cell transfusions alter mesenteric arterial reactivity and nitric oxide pathway in preterm lambs
Regulation of conduction time along axons.

Abstract Timely delivery of information is essential for proper functioning of the nervous system. Precise regulation of nerve conduction velocity is needed for correct exertion of motor skills, sensory integration and cognitive functions. In vertebrates, the rapid transmission of signals along nerve fibers is made possible by the myelination of axons and the resulting saltatory conduction in between nodes of Ranvier. Myelin is a specialization of glia cells and is provided by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Myelination not only maximizes conduction velocity, but also provides a means to systematically regulate conduction times in the nervous system. Systematic regulation of conduction velocity along axons, and thus systematic regulation of conduction time in between neural areas, is a common occurrence in the nervous system. To date, little is understood about the mechanism that underlies systematic conduction velocity regulation and conduction time synchrony. Node assembly, internode distance (node spacing) and axon diameter – all parameters determining the speed of signal propagation along axons – are controlled by myelinating glia. Therefore, an interaction between glial cells and neurons has been suggested. This review summarizes examples of neural systems in which conduction velocity is regulated by anatomical variations along axons. While functional implications in these systems are not always clear, recent studies on the auditory system of birds and mammals present examples of conduction velocity regulation in systems with high temporal precision and a defined biological function. Together these findings suggest an active process that shapes the interaction between axons and myelinating glia to control conduction velocity along axons. Future studies involving these systems may provide further insight into how specific conduction times in the brain are established and maintained in development. Throughout the text, conduction velocity is used for the speed of signal propagation, i.e. the speed at which an action potential travels. Conduction time refers to the time it takes for a specific signal to travel from its origin to its target, i.e. neuronal cell body to axonal terminal.
A sensitivity analysis of matching coin game strategies

Consider a matching game where two players (labeled Player #1 and Player #2) each have a coin and for each trial, shows either a head or a tail. When either a head-tail or a tail-head is shown, Player #1 wins a specified amount; otherwise, Player #2 wins a specified amount. There exists a Nash equilibrium that is stable with respect to an individual player's deviation from it, hence, it is not advantageous for any of the players to use a strategy different from the optimal strategy, since the value of the player's expected winnings would not be increased. This note describes strategies for this game and shows the limitations of each player in securing guaranteed expected winnings. A generalization of this game to three people is discussed and analyzed. The primary contribution is a sensitivity analysis of the expected winnings with respect to small perturbations in the winnings parameters for this generalized game.
Low-cost modular testing and test resource partitioning for SOCs

The popularity of system-on-chip (SOC) integrated circuits has led to an unprecedented increase in test costs. This increase can be attributed to the difficulty of test access to embedded cores, long test development and test application times, and high test data volumes. A survey is presented of test resource partitioning techniques that facilitate low-cost SOC testing. Topics discussed here include techniques for modular testing of digital, mixed-signal and hierarchical SOCs, as well as test data compression methods for intellectual property cores. Together, these techniques offer SOC integrators with the necessary means to manage test complexity and reduce test costs.
Social support, autonomy, and hierarchical level as moderators of the role characteristics-outcome relationship†

Although previous theory suggests that social support, job autonomy, and hierarchical level moderate role characteristics-employee outcome relationships, the strength of these moderating effects among 2046 bank employees was practically zero. These theoretical moderators and three role characteristics (conflict, ambiguity, and overload) did have direct relationships with the outcomes (job satisfaction and job search intent), as summarized by canonical correlation. Recommendations for future research are offered.
Thioredoxin reductase activity may be more important than GSH level in protecting human lens epithelial cells against UVA light

This study compares the abilities of the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant systems in defending cultured human lens epithelial cells (LECs) against UVA light. Levels of GSH were depleted with either L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). CDNB treatment also inhibited the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Two levels of O2 , 3% and 20%, were employed during a 1 h exposure of the cells to 25 J cm(-2) of UVA radiation (338-400 nm wavelength, peak at 365 nm). Inhibition of TrxR activity by CDNB, combined with exposure to UVA light, produced a substantial loss of LECs and cell damage, with the effects being considerably more severe at 20% O2 compared to 3%. In contrast, depletion of GSH by BSO, combined with exposure to UVA light, produced only a slight cell loss, with no apparent morphological effects. Catalase was highly sensitive to UVA-induced inactivation, but was not essential for protection. Although UVA light presented a challenge for the lens epithelium, it was well tolerated under normal conditions. The results demonstrate an important role for TrxR activity in defending the lens epithelium against UVA light, possibly related to the ability of the Trx system to assist DNA synthesis following UVA-induced cell damage.
Enhancement of surface wettability via the modification of microtextured titanium implant surfaces with polyelectrolytes.

Micrometer- and submicrometer-scale surface roughness enhances osteoblast differentiation on titanium (Ti) substrates and increases bone-to-implant contact in vivo. However, the low surface wettabi...
Effect of rework strategies on cycle time

Abstract In batch manufacturing, a fraction of the batch, or “lot,” may require reworking because its members fail to conform to standards. A rework station “undoes” the previous operation, so that the nonconforming members can go through the same operation additional times. This paper explores how policies dealing with these nonconforming members affect the cycle time of a facility. Two different operating policies can be followed. In one, the “mother” lot is held back while the “child” sub-lots are reworked, after which all members are reunited for the next operation. In the other, the mother lot is allowed to proceed to the next operation while the child is held back; reworked members are then introduced by one of three methods: In the first, the reworked members of each mother lot are introduced by themselves. In the second, a minimum order quantity of reworked members is designated and a new lot introduced when this level is reached. In the third, the reworked members are added to the next mother lot that visits the operation. In this paper, queuing models are developed for these policies, and the policies are simulated with regard to cycle time. Simulation of a wafer fabrication model is used to determine the effectiveness of these policies and their impact on cycle time.
Mitigation in disguise: Te-yuu-ka as preface to self-revelation in Japanese dramatic discourse

Abstract This paper examines the effect a Japanese pragmatic connective te-yuu-ka ‘(lit.) should I say that’ brings to dramatic discourse. The discourse examined is Beautiful Life, a television drama series broadcast in Japan from January through March 2000. I focus on the utterance-initial te-yuu-ka and make a case that it is a prefacing device for one's rather straightforward utterance that expresses deeper, closer-to-true, thoughts and feelings. Unlike utterance-final te-yuu-ka that functions as a mitigating device, and despite the fact that te-yuu-ka is semantically associated with mitigation, utterance-initial te-yuu-ka is related to mitigation in disguise only. More specifically, I argue that utterance-initial te-yuu-ka reclaims self's and others' prior utterances as the speaker reshapes and transforms them for the purpose of ensuing self-revelation. This paper illustrates a case where a linguistic expression brings particular effect to discourse by taking advantage of its disguised meaning.
Malignant pirates of the immune system

At great human cost, cancer is the largest genetic experiment ever conducted. This review highlights how lymphoid malignancies have genetically perverted normal immune signaling and regulatory mechanisms for their selfish oncogenic goals of unlimited proliferation, perpetual survival and evasion of the immune response.
Deep and Shallow Fall Tillage for Irrigated Soybean Grown with Different Weed Management Systems in the Midsouthern USA

Management inputs that maximize economic return from early soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production system (ESPS) plantings in the midsouthern USA have not been evaluated fully. The objective was to determine the effect of different weed management systems on yield and net return from irrigated ESPS plantings of soybean following deep (DT; 40-45 cm deep) and shallow (ST; <10 cm deep) fall tillage. Adjacent experiments receiving either DT or ST were conducted in 1999 and 2000 on Sharkey clay (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert) near Stoneville, MS (33°26' N lat). Weed management systems were (i) glyphosate-resistant (GR) cultivar with pre-emergent (PRE) nonglyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] herbicides followed by one postemergent (POST) application of glyphosate timed to control grasses, (ii) GR cultivar with two POST applications of glyphosate timed to control both grasses and broadleaves, (iii) GR cultivar with PRE nonglyphosate herbicides followed by two POST applications of glyphosate timed to control both grasses and broadleaves, (iv) non-GR cultivar with PRE herbicides followed by one POST application of a grass herbicide, (v) non-GR cultivar with POST application of herbicides timed to control both grasses and broadleaves, and (vi) non-GR cultivar with PRE herbicides followed by POST applications of herbicides timed to control both grasses and broadleaves. Fall DT was more expensive than ST but resulted in taller soybean plants and less weed cover at harvest. Average yields and net returns from DT and ST were 4286 and 4085 kg ha -1 and $364 and $362 ha -1 , respectively. Thus, the investment in equipment for fall DT for irrigated ESPS plantings is not justified. Postemergent-only weed management was the cheapest for both GR and non-GR cultivars. Weed management that used POST-only glyphosate resulted in the greatest yield and profit from GR cultivars. With non-GR cultivars, yields were not affected by weed management, but net returns were lower when the most intensive weed management was practiced.
Entrainment laws and a bulk mixed layer model of rotating convection derived from large‐eddy simulations

[1] Entrainment of rotating convection is investigated using a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. The model is forced with a uniform destablizing surface buoyancy flux, which varies by about an order of magnitude. The initial mixed layer depth varies from 0 to 3000 m and the background stratification varies over two orders of magnitude. The vertical component of the Earth's rotation rate at 30, 45, and 60°N are used. The corresponding flux Rossby number varies about three orders of magnitude. An empirical formula for the ratio of entrainment buoyancy flux to the surface buoyancy flux as a function of the Rossby number is derived. A bulk mixed-layer model for rotating convection is formulated based on the entrainment formula. It is suggested this formula can also be used to tune other 1-D models used in ocean general circulation models to account for the effect of Earth's rotation on convection.
3-(2'-[18F]fluoroethyl)spiperone, a potent dopamine antagonist: synthesis, structural analysis and in-vivo utilization in humans.

Abstract The synthesis of 3-(2′-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)spiperone ( 1c ), a radiotracer useful for imaging the brain dopamine receptor system in vivo using positron emission tomography, is described. Precursors of 1c , the functional 3-N-alkyl derivatives of spiperone ( 4 ), were prepared by the alkylation of the amide group in spiperone ( 2a ) by 1,2-disubstituted ethanes under phase transfer conditions. A comprehensive evaluation of the reaction of the derivatives 4a–h with no-carrier-added K 18 F/Kryptofix clearly indicated that the ketalized derivatives 4e–h were the choice of the precursors for 1c . The i.r., MS and NMR spectral data suggested that under phase transfer reaction conditions, the amide nitrogen was preferentially alkylated. To provide a firm basis for comparison with related analogues, an x-ray analysis was performed on a single crystal of 3-(2′-fluoroethyl)spiperone ( 1d ). The tomographic behavior of 1c in human brain tissue was measured for more than 7 h and was consistent with the labeling of dopamine D-2 receptors.
A histological and ultrastructural study of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of digestive and gland cells in Hydra viridis

Abstract The isolated gastrodermis of the green Hydra is capable of regenerating into a normal animal containing epidermis, mesoglea, and gastrodermis. Since the gastric region of the isolated gastrodermis contains only two cell types, namely, digestive cells and gland cells, our primary interest was to observe the cellular changes during dedifferentiation and redifferentiation into other cell types. Digestive cells at the periphery of the explant differentiate directly into epitheliomuscular cells, while some of the digestive cells in the interior of the mass are destroyed during the formation of the enteron. The peripheral gland cells undergo a complex cellular transformation. The granular endoplasmic reticulum is broken down; in some areas fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum are isolated in vacuoles associated with the Golgi apparatus and all secretory droplets are voided. The gland cell dedifferentiates into an interstitial cell, the cytoplasm of which is characteristically packed with free ribosomes and without endoplasmic reticulum. The interstitial cells subsequently divide and redifferentiate into cnidoblasts. The mechanism by which the endoplasmic reticulum of the gland cells is broken down is not known. Also, it is not known whether new ribosomes are synthesized during the redifferentiation of interstitial cells into cnidoblasts or that the ribosomes from the original gland cells are capable of the protein synthesis involved in nematocyst formation. The digestive cells and gland cells of the explant remain discretely located as they are in the normal animal. For this reason only peripheral gland and digestive cells undergo cellular transformation; while, except for the formation of the enteron, the cells in the interior of the mass become the future gastrodermis of the regenerate.
Status of optically controlled phased-array development

Under the Optical Control of Phased Arrays program a fully functional L-band two- dimensional conformal array is being developed. The scope of work includes the development of a wideband radiating element, T/R modules, and a 5-bit photonic time-shift network for beam steering. The photonic time-shifter uses a combination of RF switching, laser switching, fiber starcoupling and photodetector switching to provide the selection of 32 possible delay combinations.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
NONPARAMETRIC MODELS FOR DISCRIMINATION METHODS AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR TRIADS

Nonparametric models for sensory discrimination methods are developed. In these models, the relationship between the probability ofa correct response, P c , and the measures for sensory discriminability or sensory difference, p 1 and p 2 are given. On the basis of the models, different sensitivities for triadic tests were compared including 3-AFC and triangle methods with the strong stimulus as the odd sample and with the weak stimulus as the odd sample. Predictions were made which can be tested experimentally.
Phonon populations by nanosecond-pulsed Raman scattering in Si.

Since the first time-resolved Raman studies of phonon populations under pulsed-laser-annealing conditions, a number of cw Raman studies have been performed which provide a much improved basis for interpreting the pulsed Raman data. Here we present new pulsed Raman results and interpret them with reference to temperature-dependent resonance effects, high-carrier-density effects, phonon anharmonicity, and laser-induced strain effects. The pulsed Raman data---Stokes to anti-Stokes ratios, shift and shape of the first-order peak, and second-order spectra---indicate the existence of a phase in which the Raman signal disappears followed by a rapidly cooling solid which begins within 300 K of the 1685 K normal melting temperature of Si. We identify a major difficulty in pulsed Raman studies in Si to be the decrease in Raman intensity at high temperatures.
Serum electrolytes in bulimic patients with parotid swellings

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether electrolyte levels can be used to diagnose bulimia nervosa (BN). Study design Four patients with bilateral parotid swellings and BN or suspected BN were examined. Their serum electrolyte levels were retrospectively reviewed. Results In this limited study, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis were present in 1 patient. One patient showed both hypochloremia and hypokalemia, whereas a third patient had only hypochloremia and a low normal serum potassium. The fourth patient demonstrated suspiciously low serum levels of Cl − and K + . Conclusion Because BN patients tend to be secretive regarding their disorder, serum electrolyte levels may serve as useful tools in diagnosing parotid swellings initiated by bulimia.
CAPILLARY REFILL : IS IT A USEFUL CLINICAL SIGN ?

Capillary refill is a clinical sign popularized in the past 15 years. Intuitively it is a measure of peripheral perfusion which is likely to be a function of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. It is a semiquantitative test, with a value of In 1980, Champion et al1 proposed capillary refill as one of five elements of the Trauma Score. Two seconds was defined as the upper limit of normal. After the publication of the Trauma Score and the inclusion of capillary refill as a formal means of evaluation of not only trauma patients but of many other classes of patients, including children,2,3 my colleagues and I made the bedside observation that capillary refill was not a reliable clinical sign.
Mathematical programming procedures to optimize the collector field subsystem of a power tower system

Abstract The collector field of a solar tower system can be viewed as being composed of cells, each of which contains arrays of heliostats. Optimal design of a collector field involves determining the number, spacing and arrangement of heliostats within each cell so that the total cost per unit energy is minimized. This optimal design problem is formulated as a mathematical programming (MP) problem. This MP problem is then decomposed into two subproblems. The first subproblem is to determine the optimal spacing, arrangement, and amount of mirror surface in each cell so that the total energy collected is maximized. It is shown that the dynamic programming (DP) procedure can be employed to solve this subproblem. DP is particularly effective and efficient for this subproblem because it has the capability of determining the optimal design of one cell at a time, in a recursive fashion, until all cells are designed. This cellwise decomposition significantly simplifies the computational procedure. Furthermore, the optimal energy collected can be determined parametrically as a function of the total mirror area used in the field. This function is then utilized in the second problem: determination of the optimal total area so that the total cost over total energy, both functions of total area, is minimized. This yields a fractional programming problem. Mathematical structure of the above problems, advantages of using mathematical programming concepts, and future research needs are also discussed.
Role of Osteopontin in Murine Lyme Arthritis and Host Defense against Borrelia burgdorferi

Several genetic loci in the mouse have been identified that regulate the severity of Lyme arthritis. The region of chromosome 5 including the osteopontin (OPN) gene (Opn) has been identified in intercross populations of C3H/HeN × C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJ × BALB/cAnN mice. OPN is of particular interest as it is involved in the maintenance and remodeling of tissue during inflammation, it regulates production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12 (cytokines implicated in Lyme arthritis), it is necessary for host control of certain bacterial infections, and mice displaying different severities of Lyme arthritis possess different alleles of the OPN gene. Macrophages and splenocytes from OPN-deficient mice on mixed C57BL/6J-129S or inbred 129S backgrounds were stimulated with the Pam3Cys modified lipoprotein from Borrelia burgdorferi, OspA. OPN was not required for OspA-induced cytokine production; however, macrophages from 129S-Opn−/− mice displayed a reduced level of IL-10 production. OPN was also not required for resistance to severe arthritis, as B. burgdorferi-infected 129S-Opn−/− mice developed mild arthritis, as did their wild-type littermates. Arthritis was more severe in OPN-deficient mice on the mixed C57BL/6J-129S backgrounds than in inbred mice of either strain. This increase was most likely due to a gene(s) closely linked to Opn on chromosome 5 in conjunction with other randomly assorting genes. Deficiency in OPN did not influence the numbers of spirochetes in tissues from B. burgdorferi-infected mice, indicating OPN is not part of the host defense to this pathogen. Interestingly, there was no alteration in the B. burgdorferi-specific antibody isotypes in OPN-deficient mice, indicating that its effect on helper T-cell responses is not relevant to the host response to B. burgdorferi.
Immunohistochemical features of a feline spinal cord gemistocytic astrocytoma.

A gemistocytic astrocytoma is described in the spinal cord of a 3-year-old, spayed, female, Domestic Shorthair cat. The neoplasm was tested for glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p53 protein expression. On histologic exanimation, the neoplastic cells were pleomorphic, with distinct cell borders and abundant cytoplasm that frequently extended into variably sized fibrillar processes. Neoplastic cells were strongly positive for GFAP and negative for EGFR. Eight percent (mean percentage) of neoplastic cells were p53 positive. Only 1 p53-positive cell was found in the normal spinal cord. The increased expression of p53 in the neoplasm was suggestive of an abnormal biological behavior of the p53 protein and its possible involvement in the neoplastic process of feline astrocytoma.
Magnetic properties of nanostructured CoPt and FePt thin films

Polycrystalline MgO underlayer films lead to different preferred orientations of L1/sub 0/ CoPt and FePt films after the annealing process, depending on the thickness of the L1/sub 0/ films. L1/sub 0/ films with a thickness greater than 20 nm revealed mostly L1/sub 0/ [100] fiber texture and consequently in-plane anisotropy as determined by magnetic hysteresis. Strong perpendicular anisotropy due to the L1/sub 0/ [001] fiber texture was obtained for thicknesses below 10 nm. The /spl delta/M curve showed strong intergranular exchange coupling. The angular variation of coercivity showed the possibility of both domain wall motion and a rotational mechanism of magnetization reversal.
The Possibility of large direct CP violation in B ---> K pi - like modes due to long distance rescattering effects and implications for the angle gamma

We consider the strong rescattering effects that can occur in decays such as $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}K\ensuremath{\pi},$ ${K}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi},$ $K\ensuremath{\rho},\dots{},$ and their impact on direct $\mathrm{CP}$ violation in these modes. First we discuss, in general, how the $\mathrm{CPT}$ theorem constrains the resulting pattern of partial rate asymmetries (PRA's) leading to different brands of direct $\mathrm{CP}$ violation. Traditional discussions have centered around the absorptive part of the penguin graph which has $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=0$ in $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{b}s$ transitions and as a result causes ``simple'' $\mathrm{CP}$ violation; long-distance final state rescattering effects, in general, will lead to a different pattern of $\mathrm{CP}$ violation: ``compound'' $\mathrm{CP}$ violation. Predictions of simple $\mathrm{CP}$ violation are quite distinct from that of compound $\mathrm{CP}$ violation. Final state rescattering phases in $B$ decays are unlikely to be small possibly causing large compound $\mathrm{CP}$-violating partial rate asymmetries in these modes. The $\mathrm{CPT}$ theorem requires a cancellation of PRA's due to compound $\mathrm{CP}$ violation among the $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ states themselves; thus there can be no net cancellation with other states such as ${K}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi},$ $K\ensuremath{\rho},$ etc. Therefore, each class of such modes, namely, $K\ensuremath{\pi},$ $K\ensuremath{\rho},$ ${K}^{*}\ensuremath{\pi},$ ${\mathrm{Ka}}_{1},$ etc., can have large direct $\mathrm{CP}$ violation emanating from rescattering effects. Various repercussions for the angle $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ are also discussed.
Aspergillus vegetative endocarditis and complete heart block in a patient with acute leukemia.

Aspergillus flaws vegetative endocarditis together with myocardial abscesses and pneumonitis developed in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The initial diagnosis was not suspected until 67gallium imaging revealed a radiographically undetectable thoracic abnormality. Despite apparently “early” diagnosis, antifungal therapy was inadequate to prevent disruption of the bundle of His, complete heart block and death.
EM Programmer's Notebook-some finite-element preprocessing algorithms for electromagnetic scattering

All finite-element mesh-generation packages output a so-called universal file which, as a minimum, contains a list of the node coordinates, a table of the nodes which form each element, and a list of the materials filling the element. Algorithms that make use of this information to generate additional information or tables, which are typically required in any electromagnetic analysis code, are given. The given code fragments are in C to avoid explicit dimensioning of arrays and facilitate the execution of recursive routines. >
Accuracy Assessment for a Simulation Model of Amazonian Deforestation

Abstract This article describes a quantitative assessment of the output from the Behavioral Landscape Model (BLM), which has been developed to simulate the spatial pattern of deforestation (i.e. forest fragmentation) in the Amazon basin in a manner consistent with human behavior. The assessment consists of eighteen runs for a section of the Transamazon Highway in the lower basin, where the BLM's simulated deforestation map for each run is compared to a reference map of 1999. The BLM simulates the transition from forest to non-forest in a spatially explicit manner in 20-m × 20-m pixels. The pixels are nested within a hierarchical stratification structure of household lots within larger development rectangles that emanate from the Transamazon Highway. Each of the eighteen runs derives from a unique combination of three model parameters. We have derived novel methods of assessment to consider (1) the nested stratification structure, (2) multiple resolutions, (3) a simpler model that predicts deforestation ne...
Holocene Reef Development Where Wave Energy Reduces Accommodaton Space, Kailua Bay, Windward Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT Analyses of 32 drill cores obtained from the windward reef of Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, indicate that high wave energy significantly reduced accommodation space for reef development in the Holocene and produced variable architecture because of the combined influence of sea-level history and wave exposure over a complex antecedent topography. A paleostream valley within the late Pleistocene insular limestone shelf provided accommodation space for more than 11 m of vertical accretion since sea level flooded the bay 8000 yr BP. Virtually no net accretion ( 6 m. Coral framestone accreted at rates of 2.5-6.0 mm/yr in water depths > 11 m during the early Holocene; it abruptly terminated at 4500 yr BP because of wave scour as sea level stabilized. More than 4 m of rudstone derived from the upper fore reef accreted at depths of 6 to 13 m below sea level between 4000 and 1500 yr BP coincident with late Holocene relative sea-level fall. Variations in the thickness, composition, and age of these reef facies across spatial scales of 10-1000 m within Kailua Bay illustrate the importance of antecedent topography and wave-related stress in reducing accommodation space for reef development set by sea level. Although accommodation space of 6 to 17 m has existed through most of the Holocene, the Kailua reef has been unable to catch up to sea level because of persistent high wave stress.
International Teaching Assistants and teacher identity

This paper reports on a study of International Teaching Assistant (ITA) teacher identity construction at a U.S. tertiary institution, an example of an ‘atypical’ research site neglected by the current perspective of Western dominated applied linguistics. The researchers adopt a critical perspective to explore complex micro classroom interactions as well as macro dimensions of the D/discourses woven intertextually into introductory courses in sciences and business. The study focuses in particular on the educational function ITAs perform as NNE speaker teachers, the extent of their accommodation to U.S. pedagogical norms, and the construction of their identities as expert teachers. Video taped classroom sessions as well as interviews and retrospective accounts of five participants comprise rich data for 23 extracts of talk and discussion of ITA pedagogical practices, challenges and conflicts, and attitudes towards negotiation of U.S. norms and their own teacher identities. This interview-based case study raises issues related to teacher training of both ITAs and NE speaker teaching assistants, the role of NNE speakers as sources of diversity and multiculturalism, and the need for increased awareness of U.S. institutions of world Englishes and movement away from the deficit view of international teaching personnel so often observed.
Growth of Bulk, Polycrystalline Gallium and Indium Nitride at Sub-Atmospheric Pressures

Bulk, polycrystalline gallium nitride and indium nitride were crystallized at sub-atmospheric pressures by saturating the pure metals with nitrogen from a microwave electron cyclotron resonance source. Saturation of Ga/In melts with nitrogen led only to the crystallization of gallium nitride. The polycrystalline samples were wurtzitic. The gallium nitride was well faceted, with narrow Raman lineshapes, and showed near-band-edge and yellow band photo-luminescence at both 4K and 300K. The indium nitride was formed in smaller amounts, was less well faceted, and showed no photoluminescence.
Fault-based automatic test generator for linear analog circuits

Recognizing that specification testing of analog circuits involves a high cost and lacks any quantitative measure of the testing process, we adopt a fault-based technique. With the help of hierarchical fault models for parametric and catastrophic faults, and a very efficient fault simulator, our simulation-assisted technique automatically determines the test frequencies to detect AC faults in linear analog circuits. By a suitable choice of parameters in the test generator, we can either determine the best test (maximize the error between the good and the faulty responses) for every fault (resulting in a large test set), or generate the smallest test set for all the faults. Finally, fault coverage values provide a quantitative evaluation of the final test set.
Flow Visualization of Intermeshing and Separated Counter-Rotating Rotor Internal Mixer

Abstract A flow visualization investigation of material motions and compounding in an internal mixer with intermeshing rotors is described. Rotors based on the design of R. T. Cooke of Francis Shaw and Company are used. Compared with separated rotor designs developed by F. H. Banbury, the distinctive feature is the passage of the rubber and compounding ingredients through the calendering gap between the rotors during mixing. The intermeshing rotors were found to rapidly circulate the materials from rotor to rotor around the mixing chamber and to more rapidly incorporate carbon black and oil relative to double-flighted separated rotors.
Case report of osteopathic treatment of insomnia and traumatic anhidrosis

Abstract Insomnia and traumatic somatic dysfunctions are two very common complaints that present in clinical practice. We present a case of a 28 year old female complaining of chronic unilateral anhidrosis secondary to trauma and subacute insomnia. Somatic dysfunctions were noted and treated with a variety of different osteopathic manipulations in one visit with maintenance osteopathic manipulations at one week, one month, and six months after the initial visit. Both symptoms resolved after the first visit and have yet to return. These results show the efficacy of osteopathic manipulations in two of the more common complaints seen in the office in both the subacute and chronic stages.
Trade Expectations and Great Power Conflict—A Review Essay

Whether economic interdependence is a cause of war or peace constitutes a central debate in international politics. Two major approaches advance diametrically opposed claims: liberal theory holds that interdependence between states promotes peace by increasing the costs of war; realist theory argues that interdependence is just another word for vulnerability, a condition that states may try to escape by seizing the resources and markets they need for self-sufficiency. Considerable evidence supports both of these claims. In Economic Interdependence and War, Dale Copeland proposes to resolve this stalemate by showing that interdependence promotes peace when states expect mutually beneficial trade to continue, but creates incentives for war when at least one of the states expects that trade trends will leave it dangerously vulnerable. Notwithstanding this book's major theoretical contributions and its impressive historical research, it leaves open several important questions about how to move forward with it...
Understanding Aniline Surface Treatment of CdTe

Surface etching of CdTe under illumination in aqueous aniline-based solutions has been investigated. Analysis of treated samples shows the formation of crystalline Te on the CdTe surface. Analysis of bath and treatment conditions indicated the presence of aniline, Cl- ions, dissolved O2, consistent illumination and careful control of pH as critical for successful surface etching. A photocatalytic mechanism is proposed for the reaction, where CdTe is etched by H2O2 or similar, generated through reduction of dissolved O2 by conduction band electrons and complemented by oxidation of aniline. The generated Te is stable in the bath and the treatment provides reproducible surfaces. CdTe/CdS devices of 12% conversion efficiency were processed with 30 min aniline treatments. The toxicity of aniline is a concern and criteria for possible substitutes are discussed.
Tool Wear in Cutting of Sintered Stainless Steel

The tool life in turning of the sintered steels becomes shorter than that in turning of the melted steels such as carbon steels. In order to clarify the effective tool materials for the turning of the sintered stainless steel, the tool wear is experimentally investigated. The sintered stainless steel was turned with the various tool materials at the cutting speed from 1.67m/s to 5 m/s. The main results obtained are as follows: (1) In the conventional tool materials, the cemented carbide tool (coated by TiVN PVD) is the most effective tool material for the turning of the sintered stainless steel. (2) In the three kinds of CBN tools, the tool wear of the CBN tool with TiN binder increases slower than those of the CBN tool with Al2O3, TiC binder. (3) The CBN tool with TiN binder gets a better surface finish than the CBN tool with Al2O3 binder. Therefore, the CBN tool with TiN binder is the most effective tool material for the turning of the sintered stainless steel.
Assessing the Outcomes of Tobacco Cessation Practices by Maryland Dental Hygienists

Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for many preventable oral and systemic conditions and diseases. Tobacco cessation intervention has been successful in increasing patient quit rates, thereby improving overall health status. Dental hygienists are the primary providers of preventive oral health care education and services. However, little is known about the tobacco cessation services that hygienists provide and how efficacious their efforts are in reducing tobacco use in the patient population. This study was designed to assess the outcomes of tobacco cessation services provided by dental hygienists. A systematic random sample of 600 Maryland hygienists was mailed a self-administered 65-item questionnaire that addressed dental Hygienists9 knowledge, attitudes, practice behaviors, and perceived barriers that influence their provision of tobacco cessation services. Sixty surveys were returned as undeliverable and 32 respondents did not fulfill employment criteria, producing a response rate of 63% (N = 320). Statistical analyses of the aggregated data included frequencies, t tests, and Pearson9s r (p