cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved regional ventricular function after successful surgical revascularization

Left ventricular segments with reversible asynergy at rest demonstrate reversible myocardial perfusion defects on exercise thallium-201 scintigrams. To determine if improved perfusion eliminates asynergy at rest, 23 patients with angina (stable in 21, unstable in 2) were studied before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. All patients underwent exercise myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, contrast ventriculography and coronary arteriography before and after surgery. Selective graft angiography was performed during the postoperative catheterization to determine graft patency. Segmental ventricular function was quantitated by a regional fraction method. The scintigrams were divided into five regions and compared with the corresponding regions of the ventriculogram. Seventy-one of a possible 142 ventricular segments exhibited exercise-induced perfusion deficits. Preoperative regional ejection fraction was normal in 42 of these segments and abnormal in 29. Postoperatively, in 19 of the abnormal segments, function improved or normalized. All these segments had improved perfusion during exercise after surgery and were supplied by a patent bypass graft. Nine of the 10 segments in which abnormal wall motion persisted postoperatively continued to have exercise-induced perfusion deficits, and 9 of the 10 segments were supplied by an occluded or stenotic graft or one with poor run off. Of the 42 segments with normal wall motion preoperatively, 30 had improved perfusion after surgery and 35 maintained normal function. This study indicates that asynergy at rest is permanently reversed after coronary bypass surgery if improved myocardial perfusion can be documented. These findings are consistent with but do not prove the concept that reversible rest asynergy may reflect chronic ischemia or a prolonged effect from previous ischemic episodes.
The Monoculture Risk Put into Context

Conventional wisdom holds that software monocultures are exceptionally vulnerable to malware outbreaks. The authors argue that this oversimplifies and misleads. An analysis based on attacker reactions suggests that deploying a monoculture in conjunction with automated diversity is indeed a very sensible defense.
The effects of irradiation on major histocampatibility complex expression and lymphocytic infiltration in the normal rat brain and the 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model

The effects of irradiation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and lymphocytic infiltration in the normal rat brain and the 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model were examined. Doses of irradiation administered were biologically equivalent to that used in the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas. No significant change in immune parameters was observed following irradiation in the normal rat brain. In the 9L gliosarcoma model irradiation did not suppress MHC expression or lymphocytic infiltration. These findings suggest that prior exposure to therapeutic irradiation need not adversely affect subsequent immunotherapies, and provide a foundation for future studies of immunomodulation in the irradiated brain.
Preventing "a bridge too far": promoting earlier identification of dislodged dental appliances during the perioperative period.

The presence of fixed partial dentures presents a unique threat to the perioperative safety of patients that require orotracheal intubation or placement of instruments into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There are many chances for the displacement of a fixed partial denture: instrumentation of the airway for intubation, or introduction of temporary devices, such as gastroscopes or transesophageal echo probes. If dislodged, the fixed partial dentures can enter the hypopharynx, esophagus or lungs and cause perforations with their sharp tines. Oral or esophageal perforation can lead to potentially fatal mediastinitis. We describe a case of a patient with a fixed partial denture who underwent cardiac surgery with intubation and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). His partial denture was intact after the procedure. After extubation, he reported that his teeth were missing. Multiple procedures were required to remove his dislodged partial dentures. In sign-out reports, verbal descriptions of the patient’s partial dentures were not adequate in this case. A picture of the patient’s denture and oral pharynx pre-operatively would have provided a more accurate template for the post-operative team to refer to when caring for the patient. This may have avoided the multiple potentially risky procedures the patient had to undergo. We describe a suggested protocol utilizing a pre-operative photo to reduce the incidence of unrecognized partial denture dislodgement in the perioperative period. Because the population is aging, this will become a more frequent issue confronting practitioners. This protocol could mitigate this complication.
Lipids of the serum and connective tissue of the rat and rabbit.

The lipicl profile of connective tissue, isolated from the rat and the rabbit, by the sponge-implantation technique, is presented. This tissue is rich in cholesterol, phospholipid, and neutral fat. Several sex, age, and species differences in the concentration of its lipids are reported. Simultaneous determination of serum lipids indicates that there is no significant correlation between the lipid values of the serum and connective tissue. The relationship of these findings in connective tissue, the chief constituent of the intima, to the problem of atherosclerosis is discussed.
Fault Diagnosis and Isolation of Multi-Input-Multi-Output Networked Control Systems

In this article, we consider a type of multi-input-multi-output networked control systems (NCSs) in which the network-induced time delays for different inputs are different. For those unstable and/or poorly damped eigenvalues, we propose a reduced-order memoryless state observer design approach. The full-order state vector of the original systems using the reduced-order observer is reconstructed. We prove that the γ-stability of the state error dynamics can be guaranteed. Meanwhile, by computing the residual between the output of the practical systems and the output of the reduced-order observer, the fault-detection scheme of the NCSs is given. An illustrative example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Thermal neutron absorption in neutron sources and cavity walls centred in moderating solutions

A direct assessment has been obtained of cavity-wall and self-absorption correction factors for neutron sources placed in moderating solutions, such as the manganese bath. Cylindrical and spherical cavities were studied. Cadmium liners were placed within these cavities, and the decrease in apparent source emission rate was taken to be a measure of the thermal neutron flux incident on the cavity. Both dilute and concentrated solutions of manganese sulphate were used. SbBe (γ, n), RaBe (γ, n), 252Cf, RaBe (α, n) and AmBe (α, n) sources produced neutrons for the experiments. The probable absorption rate for the minimum cavity (walls of stainless-steel or aluminum) was deduced by an iteration procedure. Calculations, using a simple age-diffusion model, were made of the neutron flux distribution, and close estimates of the ‘blackrs cavity absorption were obtained through use of a single common normalization factor. The final absorption rates for the ‘grey’ cavity walls and the source itself were obtained by further normalization to the experimental data. Several intermediate situations of fairly thick steel cavities were computed and the results agree well with the experimental data. Various implications of this work are discussed. It is now reasonable to attribute errors of less than 0·1 per cent to most thermal absorption correction factors needed for accurate determination of neutron source strengths by the manganese bath technique.
Identification of the Pore-lining Residues of the BM2 Ion Channel Protein of Influenza B Virus

The influenza B virus BM2 proton-selective ion channel is essential for virus uncoating, a process that occurs in the acidic environment of the endosome. The BM2 channel causes acidification of the interior of the virus particle, which results in dissociation of the viral membrane protein from the ribonucleo-protein core. The BM2 protein is similar to the A/M2 protein ion channel of influenza A virus (A/M2) in that it contains an HXXXW motif. Unlike the A/M2 protein, the BM2 protein is not inhibited by the antiviral drug amantadine. We used mutagenesis to ascertain the pore-lining residues of the BM2 ion channel. The specific activity (relative to wild type), reversal voltage, and susceptibility to modification by (2-aminoethyl)-methane thiosulfonate and N-ethylmaleimide of cysteine mutant proteins were measured in oocytes. It was found that mutation of transmembrane domain residues Ser9, Ser12, Phe13, Ser16, His19, and Trp23 to cysteine were most disruptive for ion channel function. These cysteine mutants were also most susceptible to (2-aminoethyl)-methane thiosulfonate and N-ethylmaleimide modification. Furthermore, considerable amounts of dimer were formed in the absence of oxidative reagents when cysteine was introduced at positions Ser9, Ser12, Ser16, or Trp23. Based on these experimental data, a BM2 transmembrane domain model is proposed. The presence of polar residues in the pore is a probable explanation for the amantadine insensitivity of the BM2 protein and suggests that related but more polar compounds might serve as useful inhibitors of the protein.
Aggression and ambient temperature: The facilitating and inhibiting effects of hot and cold environments

Seventy-two undergraduate males received either a very positive or very negative personal evaluation from a confederate, and were later given an opportunity to aggress against this individual by means of electric shock. Ambient temperature in the experimental sessions was held at either a relatively cold (64°F), cool (72°F), warm (85°F), or hot (93°F) level. It was predicted that as the amount of negative affect induced among subjects by the experimental conditions increased to moderate levels, aggression toward the victim would rise, but that at more extreme degrees of negative affect, the intensity of aggression would level off and begin to decline. Results were consistent with these predictions, and a significant (p <.05) curvilinear relationship was found between negative affect and aggression.
The retrieval of warm rain from CloudSat

[1] An algorithm for the retrieval of warm rain over oceans for CloudSat that uses ancillary information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument is presented. The method builds upon the architecture of the standard CloudSat 2C-RAIN-PROFILE product. Several general enhancements of that architecture have been made, including the implementation of a fast two-stream multiple-scattering radar model and a detailed error characterization. The algorithm has also been modified to specifically target the retrieval of warm rain by using ancillary MODIS visible optical depth observations to construct a parameterization of the cloud water path, implementing a model of the evaporation of rain below cloud base, and introducing a realistic representation of warm raindrop size distributions. With these important algorithm modifications, the CloudSat 2C-RAIN-PROFILE product is ideally suited to examine the distribution and magnitude of light rain over oceans.
Leukemogenesis by Moloney murine leukemia virus: A multistep process

Moloney murine leukemia virus is a prototypical simple retrovirus that has been an extremely useful model for leukemogenesis. Important steps in leukemogenesis include proviral activation of cellular proto-oncogenes, generation of mink cell focus-inducing recombinants, and early (preleukemic) virus-induced changes in hematopoiesis.
Metastatic gastrointestinal cancer compressing the spinal cord or cauda equina.

TO THE EDITOR: The estimated number of new cases of cancer of the digestive system in the United States for 1999 is 226,300, with 131,000 resulting deaths (1). Although compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina (SCCE) by metastatic disease is not an uncommon event in patients with cancer, the incidence of compression by metastatic gastrointestinal cancer (MGC) is not known. It is generally agreed that surgery and radiotherapy play important roles in the palliation of patients with metastatic cancer compressing the SCCE. To determine how often the problem of compression of the SCCE by MGC occurs and the potential impact of treatment on outcome including survival, the tumor registry and radiation oncology databases were retrospectively reviewed for such cases.
The social consequences of a mass surveillance measure: What happens when we become the ‘others’?

Abstract This article investigates the claim made by Dworkin [Dworkin, R., 2002. The threat to patriotism. In: Calhoun, C., Price, P., Timmer, A. (Eds.), Understanding September 11. New Press, New York.] that when faced with threats such as terrorism, the trade-off in question is between our security and their civil liberties. A series of mass surveillance measures implemented in the European Union demonstrate that these measures are no longer merely directed at terrorists but are being applied to all citizens. Contrary to what Dworkin says, therefore, the trade-off that is actually occurring is between our rights and our security. Accordingly, this article aims at addressing the larger social consequences of this occurrence. The social consequences of one mass surveillance measure, Directive 2006/24/EC, are explored: looking in particular at the possible loss of citizens’ trust and privacy. The autonomy and aspects of human dignity that the right to privacy protects are vital to the development of individuality and consciousness of individual choice in life. Severe restrictions on privacy thus have severe repercussions on individuals.
Histological changes during ovarian maturation in the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de beauvois) (Hemiptera : Miridae)

Abstract Histological changes during the first gonotropic cycle in the telotrophic ovarioles of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera : Miridae) were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Each oocyte goes through a gonotrophic cycle that lasts for ca 7 days during which time 3 distinct stages are observed: previtellogenic, vitellogenic and choriogenic. In the previtellogenic stage, oocytes descend into the vitellarium and increase in size, while maintaining contact with the trophic core by means of nutritive cords. During vitellogenesis, ovarioles are characterized by the development of intercellular spaces in the follicular epithelium and numerous microvilli on the oocyte surface. Yolk granules are incorporated by pinocytosis and the granules coalesce, resulting in large yolk droplets. The trophic core supplies ribosomes, mitochondria and lipid to the oocytes, and its morphology remains unchanged throughout the gonotropic cycle. Vitellogenesis ends with the formation of vitelline membrane on the oocyte surface. During choriogenesis, an egg shell consisting of an exo- and endochorion is formed on the surface of the vitelline membrane. With the completion of choriogenesis, the mature oocyte is ready to be ovulated. During the gonotropic cycle, the oocyte increases in size 10–12-fold, while the germarium remains unchanged in size.
Oxidation behavior of titanium carbonitride based materials

The oxidation behavior of two different Ti(C,N)–WC based materials (a ceramic type containing 0.9 wt.% Co and a cermet type containing (6.2Ni+2.9 Co) wt.%), was tested at 900 and 1000 °C in static laboratory air. The values of the mass gain (∼50 mg/cm2 after 100 h at 1000 °C) and extended microstructural modifications demonstrated that these materials are rather unstable under oxidizing conditions. After an initial transitory period where the mass change resulted from the competition between the mass gain due to formation of solid TiO2 and the mass loss due to released volatile tungsten oxides that were formed, the oxidation process obeyed a linear law in function of the exposure time, i.e. it is governed by a chemical reaction at the interface of the titanium based carbonitrides transformed into TiO2. Oxidation kinetics and mechanisms were discussed in terms of the phase composition, presence of metal binder at grain boundaries, and of the residual porosity of the starting materials.
Logistic positive exponent family of models: Virtue of asymmetric item characteristic curves

The paper addresses and discusses whether the tradition of accepting point-symmetric item characteristic curves is justified by uncovering the inconsistent relationship between the difficulties of items and the order of maximum likelihood estimates of ability. This inconsistency is intrinsic in models that provide point-symmetric item characteristic curves, and in this paper focus is put on the normal ogive model for observation. It is also questioned if in the logistic model the sufficient statistic has forfeited the rationale that is appropriate to the psychological reality. It is observed that the logistic model can be interpreted as the case in which the inconsistency in ordering the maximum likelihood estimates is degenerated. The paper proposes a family of models, called the logistic positive exponent family, which provides asymmetric item chacteristic curves. A model in this family has a consistent principle in ordering the maximum likelihood estimates of ability. The family is divided into two subsets each of which has its own principle, and includes the logistic model as a transition from one principle to the other. Rationale and some illustrative examples are given.
An SO(10) solution to the puzzle of quark and lepton masses.

It is shown that almost all features of the quark and lepton masses can be satisfactorily and simply explained without family symmetry, including the threefold mass hierarchy among the generations, and the relations {ital m}{sub {tau}}{sup 0}{congruent}{ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital b}}, {ital m}{sub {mu}}{sup 0}{congruent}3{ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital s}}, {ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital e}}{congruent}1/3{ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital d}}, {ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital u}}/{ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital t}}{much_lt}{ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital d}}/{ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital b}}, tan{theta}{sub {ital c}}{congruent}{radical}{ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital d}} {ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital s}}, {ital V}{sub {ital cb}}{much_lt}{radical}{ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital s}}/{ital m}{sup 0}{sub {ital b}}, and {ital V}{sub {ital ub}}{similar_to}{ital V}{sub {ital cb}}{ital V}{sub {ital us}}. Various aspects of the group theory of SO(10) play an essential role in explaining these relations. There are distinctive and testable predictions for tan{beta} and the neutrino mixing angles.
Disorders of Articulation: Theory and Therapy

Articulation may be said to be defective when the production of the sounds used in speech deviates sufficiently from the standard expected as to interfere with communication. This may include misarticulations which attract attention and, by diverting attention from the thought expressed, disturb communication, even when it is otherwise intelligible.
FROM METAPHOR TO METHOD: NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT

For several decades, scholars have called for “open” or “living systems” approaches to the study of complex organizations. These approaches were especially characterized by the presence of various nonlinear dynamics. Unfortunately, the formal mathematics required to capture these dynamics did not become widely available until the recent mass computing revolution. Meanwhile, these realms of mathematics, known variously as “catastrophes,” “chaos,” and more recently as “complexity,” have caught hold in the physical, biological, and cognitive sciences. This article contends that it is now time for these recent advances in the sciences of nonlinearity to emerge full scale in the social realm as well. However, thus far, this movement is much more metaphorical than it is methodological. Thus, a review of some policy and management applications is undertaken. Of particular interest are those where the uses of phase plane analysis and genetic algorithms portend significant practical import.
Texas and Virginia: A Bloodied Window into Changes in American Public Life

The comparison of two university massacres, at the University of Texas and Virginia Tech, at a roughly forty-year interval, allows a focused historical inquiry. Changes in media but also public emotional standards created quite different reactions to mass killings, particularly in terms of public grief, memorialization, and efforts to compensate. Assessment also suggests strengths, weaknesses, and question marks of the contemporary approach compared to its 1960s antecedent.
Exposure of mouse embryonic pancreas to metformin enhances the number of pancreatic progenitors.

Aims/hypothesis Developing beta cells are vulnerable to nutrient environmental signals. Early developmental processes that alter the number of pancreatic progenitors can determine the number of beta cells present at birth. Metformin, the most widely used oral agent for treating diabetes, alters intracellular energy status in part by increasing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling. This study examined the effect of metformin on developing pancreas and beta cells.
BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS AND ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. A REVIEW OF HARRY HEFT'S ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN CONTEXT

Relations between behavior analysis and ecological psychology have been strained for years, notwithstanding the occasional comment on their affinities. Harry Heft's (2001) Ecological Psychology in Context provides an occasion for reviewing anew those relations and affinities. It describes the genesis of ecological psychology in James's radical empiricism; addresses Holt's neorealism and Gestalt psychology; and synthesizes Gibson's ecological psychology and Barker's ecobehavioral science as a means for understanding everyday human behavior. Although behavior analysis is excluded from this account, Heft's book warrants a review nonetheless: It describes ecological psychology in ways that are congruent and complementary with behavior analysis (e.g., nonmediational theorizing; the provinces of natural history and natural science). After introducing modern ecological psychology, I comment on (a) Heft's admirable, albeit selective, historiography; (b) his ecological psychology—past and present—as it relates to Skinner's science and system (e.g., affordances, molar behavior); (c) his misunderstandings of Skinner's behaviorism (e.g., reductionistic, mechanistic, molecular); and (d) the theoretical status of Heft's cognitive terms and talk (i.e., in ontology, epistemology, syntax). I conclude by considering the alliance and integration of ecological psychology and behavior analysis, and their implications for unifying and transforming psychology as a life science, albeit more for the future than at present.
Using unfamiliar programming languages: the effects on expertise

Abstract The paper begins by describing a model of the influences operating when an experienced programmer learns to program in an unfamiliar language. It then reports on an empirical study which investigated how a change of programming language affects experienced programmers. Programmers solved a familiar problem using two unfamiliar languages. It was found that programmers used knowledge from past experience in solving the problem, but often had to adapt the knowledge to take good advantages of the new languages. They were only partly successful in doing this, and overall performance was poor. The solution process of the programmers was disrupted, as shown by more plan changes and more extensive backward planning. The two unfamiliar languages had impacts at different levels in the planning process.
Cryogenic operation of asymmetric field controlled thyristors

Abstract Detailed measurements and modeling of 500 V asymmetric field controlled thyristor characteristics in the 300–77 K temperature range are presented for the first time. When the temperature is reduced from 300 to 77 K, it has been found that: the forward voltage drop increases by about 40%; the breakdown voltage reduces by 20%; the blocking gain remains essentially constant; the turn-off time reduces by 10 × and the gate charge withdrawn via the gate current flow during turn-off reduces by 95 ×. The forward voltage drop versus turn-off time trade-off curve obtained by temperature reduction is found to be much superior to that obtained by electron radiation.
DEFECT IN NEUTROPHIL GRANULOCYTE CHEMOTAXIS IN JOB'S SYNDROME OF RECURRENT "COLD" STAPHYLOCOCCAL ABSCESSES

Abstract Neutrophil granulocyte function was investigated in four females with recurrent, " cold " staphylococcal abscesses and chronic eczema (Job's syndrome). Each of the patients had a profound defect in neutrophil granulocyte chemotaxis and very high serum-IgE levels. Neutrophil random migration, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity were normal. The serum or plasma of the patients did not inhibit the chemotactic responsiveness of control neutrophils. The recurrent staphylococcal abscesses in patients with Job's syndrome may be related to defective neutrophil chemotaxis. Such abnormalities, in turn, may result directly or indirectly from the interaction of antigen, IgE, and sensitised leucocytes.
The gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor (Kruppel-like factor 4) mediates the transactivating effect of p53 on the p21WAF1/Cip1 promoter.

An important mechanism by which the tumor suppressor p53 maintains genomic stability is to induce cell cycle arrest through activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) gene. We show that the gene encoding the gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor (GKLF, KLF4) is concurrently induced with p21(WAF1/Cip1) during serum deprivation and DNA damage elicited by methyl methanesulfonate. The increases in expression of both Gklf and p21(WAF1/Cip1) due to DNA damage are dependent on p53. Moreover, during the first 30 min of methyl methanesulfonate treatment, the rise in Gklf mRNA level precedes that in p21(WAF1/Cip1), suggesting that GKLF may be involved in the induction of p21(WAF1/Cip1). Indeed, GKLF activates p21(WAF1/Cip1) through a specific Sp1-like cis-element in the p21(WAF1/Cip1) proximal promoter. The same element is also required by p53 to activate the p21(WAF1/Cip1) promoter, although p53 does not bind to it. Potential mechanisms by which p53 activates the p21(WAF1/Cip1) promoter include a physical interaction between p53 and GKLF and the transcriptional induction of Gklf by p53. Consequently, the two transactivators cause a synergistic induction of the p21(WAF1/Cip1) promoter activity. The physiological relevance of GKLF in mediating p53-dependent induction of p21(WAF1/Cip1) is demonstrated by the ability of antisense Gklf oligonucleotides to block the production of p21(WAF1/Cip1) in response to p53 activation. These findings suggest that GKLF is an essential mediator of p53 in the transcriptional induction of p21(WAF1/Cip1) and may be part of a novel pathway by which cellular responses to stress are modulated.
Autonomy and the Asymmetry Problem for Moral Expertise

We seem less likely to endorse moral expertise than reasoning expertise or aesthetic expertise. This seems puzzling given that moral norms are intuitively taken to be at least more objective than aesthetic norms. One possible diagnosis of the asymmetry is that moral judgments require autonomy of judgement in away that other judgments do not. However, the author points out that aesthetic judgments that have been ‘borrowed’ by aesthetic experts generate the same autonomy worry as moral judgments which are borrowed by moral experts. The author then explores various approaches to accepting the testimony of moral experts and concludes that the asymmetry may best be explained by (1) the conditions for moral expertise being more difficult to satisfy than those of aesthetic expertise and (2) the intuitive greater seriousness of accepting the moral judgments of others, since moral norms are generally viewed as more binding than aesthetic norms.
Windelband's influence on S.L. Frank

Few Russian thinkers of his generation were better versed in the literature of German neo-Kantianism, or more deeply engaged by the struggle to come to terms with this body of thought, than the eminent religious philosopher Semen Liudvigovich Frank (1877-1950). At the end of the 1890s, Frank, a youthful convert to Marxism whose formal studies at the University of Moscow had been devoted to economics, developed doubts regarding the adequacy of Marxism as a world-view, and, impelled by the craving for a more satisfying Weltanschauung, belatedly embarked on the study of modern philos ophy. The writings of the German neo-Kantians were among the first serious works he read on the subject. By the time he published his first philosophical essay, in 1903, he had acquainted himself with the already 'classic' writings of the pioneer neo-Kantians FA. Lange and Otto Liebmann, and had also dipped into the works of several more recent neo-Kantian thinkers, such as Alois Riehl, Wilhelm Windelband, and Georg Simmel.1 The influence of Frank's neo-Kantian reading is manifest every where in his early articles on philosophy. In the first of these (1903), he makes no secret of his indebtedness to the ideas of Simmel.2 The influence of Windelband is apparent in the essays and reviews he published during the next few years (1904-1906).3 When Frank, in his memoirs, wrote of having passed through a "Kantian stage" [kan tianskaia stadiia] in the course of working out his own world-view,4 it was undoubtedly this period of his career he had in mind. By 1908, this 'stage' in the evolution of his ideas had come to an end. Between 1906 and 1908, under the impact of both public and personal events, Frank revised his views on a number of cru
The association of carbohydrate changes in the shoot tip of cauliflower with flowering.

Changes in levels of sugars and starch in the shoot tip of cauliflower, Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis D. C. cv. Main Crop were studied during periods of growth which were inductive or non-inductive to flowering. Flowering was induced by growing plants for 2 weeks under 16 hr of light at 5 degrees . During this period of floral induction there was a significant increase in sugar and starch content compared to that in vegetative plants grown at 20 to 26 degrees . Sugar and starch content did not increase and flowering was prevented when light and CO(2) were excluded during growth at 5 degrees . A 3-day dark period at 20 degrees or a high temperature treatment at 33 degrees with light following growth at 5 degrees reduced the carbohydrate level and prevented flowering.
The psychiatric nurse practitioner 1993-2003: a decade that unsettled a specialty.

Between 1993 and 2003, a debate raged in psychiatric mental health (PMH) nursing. It was a decade of discourse about the role and titling of PMH advanced practice nurses. The PMH role evolution that occurred throughout this decade was driven by several forces, not all of which were in the control of PMH nursing. This article traces the multiple dynamics that prompted the evolution of the PMH nurse practitioner role, foremost the ascendancy of primary care and the influence of managed care. It also anlyzes the conflict created by the American Nurses Credentialing Center PMH Nurse Practitioner examination that became a lightning rod for the disruption occurring in the traditional PMH role. Although the controversy surrounding PMH advanced practice nurse titling is beginning to clear, with the clarity comes a new set of problems for the development of the PMH workforce.
Rhetoric and autobiography: The case of Malcolm X

Rhetoric is a mode of being, of knowing, and of doing. An examination of The Autobiography of Malcolm X shows these modes in a successful balance. Malcolm's rhetorical problem was to present a life of changes as a coherent pattern. Plausible readings of the Autobiography can make it seem to depict a hustler or fanatic on the one hand, or a mythically detached existential hero on the other. The acceptance of either reading would render the book a rhetorical failure. The two plausible but unsatisfactory readings can be resolved, and the text explained, by a third reading.
New light on Quantz's advocacy of Telemann's music

F all the approbation that Johann Joachim Quantz received for his Versuch einer Anweisung die Flote traversiere zu Spielen,' Georg Philipp Telemann's response must have been especially gratifying. The 71-year-old Telemann had for decades been regarded as Germany's leading composer, and his music had exerted a decisive influence on Quantz's development as a performer, composer and theorist.2 While a teenager in Merseburg (170813), Quantz cut his teeth as a violinist on Telemann's solo sonatas.3 During his years as an oboist and flautist at the Dresden electoral court (1718-41), where he came into his own as a composer, he had the opportunity to study and perform many of Telemann's instrumental works.4 In the Versuch he praised Telemann's trios, quartets, orchestral suites and church compositions as exemplary.5 Seven years later, in the lengthy preface to his op.2 flute duets, he implied that he had taken Telemann's duets as models for his own.6 There is also some evidence that his admiration for Telemann was reciprocated. In a 1751 letter to Quantz's Berlin colleague, Carl Heinrich Graun, Telemann stated that he highly esteemed Quantz.7 And a passage in Telemann's 1767 interval system, in which he attempts a theoretical demonstration of chromatic and enharmonic relationships, indicates his approval of Quantz's addition of a second key to the transverse flute, an innovation designed to improve the instrument's intonation and make it possible to distinguish between D# and E6.8 As for Quantz's Versuch, shortly after its appearance Telemann wrote to Quantz with several suggestions and criticisms. Although this letter has been lost, it seems from Quantz's response, dated 11 January 1753, that Telemann thought highly of the work and was in general agreement with its principles.9 One of Telemann's chief concerns involved references in the Versuch to his trios in the French style and to six variously scored quartets, music that had never appeared in print. He was apparently puzzled as to why Quantz would recommend decades-old works that remained in manuscript, and therefore difficult to obtain, rather than cite more recent, published works. In his letter, Quantz felt obliged to justify his choices:
Low-Dose Dexamethasone Therapy in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Ventilator Dependent Infants (≤1250g): A Randomized Trial † 1073

Low-Dose Dexamethasone Therapy in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Ventilator Dependent Infants (≤1250g): A Randomized Trial † 1073
Characterization of PM2.5 collected during broadcast and slash-pile prescribed burns of predominately ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona

Prescribed burning, in combination with mechanical thinning, is a successful method for reducing heavy fuel loads from forest floors and thereby lowering the risk of catastrophic wildfire. However, an undesirable consequence of managed fire is the production of fine particulate matter or PM(2.5) (particles ≤2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter). Wood-smoke particulate data from 21 prescribed burns are described, including results from broadcast and slash-pile burns. All PM(2.5) samples were collected in situ on day 1 (ignition) or day 2. Samples were analyzed for mass, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), inorganic elements, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC). Results were characteristic of low intensity, smoldering fires. PM(2.5) concentrations varied from 523 to 8357 µg m(-3) and were higher on day 1. PAH weight percents (19 PAHs) were higher in slash-pile burns (0.21 ± 0.08% OC) than broadcast burns (0.07 ± 0.03% OC). The major elements were K, Cl, S, and Si. OC and EC values averaged 66 ± 7 and 2.8 ± 1.4% PM(2.5), respectively, for all burns studied, in good agreement with literature values for smoldering fires.
Segmental Resection in Tuberculosis

1)Segmental resection is being used more frequently and now represents one of the most commonly used surgical procedures in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 2)Excellent results are secured with segmental resection when it is used as the primary procedure in cases with lesions well limited to the segment or segments being resected. 3)Poor results are encountered when segmental resection is used in patients with widespread disease or when used as a secondary procedure. 4)The excellent results with segmental resection are a reflection of the limited disease being treated, the excellent condition of the patients, and the fact that the surgical procedure has been used primarily.
Confidence intervals for nonlinear regression: A BASIC program

In psychological experiments linearity is desirable and usually realized. Some models, however, cannot avoid the nonlinearity of the underlying processes, or, for descriptive models, the obvious coordinate systems (log-log, semilog, probit, etc.) which leave the data nonlinear have been tried and failed. In any case, nonlinear regression becomes appropriate. Recent examples of parameters that appear in intrinsically nonlinear equations are arousal constants (Killeen, 1975), expectancy thresholds (Gibbon, 1977), transfer parameters (Davis & Levine, 1977), intellectual growth parameters (Zajonc & Markos, 1975), generalization factors (Blough, 1975), coupling constants (Staddon, 1977), cost parameters (Staddon, in press), consolidation parameters (Wickelgren, 1976), salience parameters (Rescorla & Wagner, 1972), and search constants (Norman & Rumelhart, 1970). Unless a large amount of data variance is accounted for or confidence intervals are established, the relationships or critical differences between parameters cannot be assessed. This paper briefly outlines a method to obtain confidence intervals from nonlinear regression and demonstrates the use of a BASIC program employing this algorithm for computing confidence intervals for any nonlinear function regardless of the regression method. Confidence Intervals for Nonlinear Regression. Suppose observations from an experiment arise as (y. ,td, (Y2,t2)·.· (Yn,tn). The standard regression model is of the form
On vortex strength and drag in bluff-body wakes

In a recent paper (Griffin & Ramberg 1974) the authors studied the vortex-street wakes behind forced vibrating rigid cylinders. All experimental conditions were within the regime of wake capture or synchronization between the vibration and vortex frequencies. Both mean and fluctuating velocities in the wake together with the length of the vortex formation region were measured as functions of vibration amplitude and frequency at a Reynolds number of 144. The viscous vortex strength, age and spacing at this Reynolds number were then obtained by matching a model for the vortex street with the mean and r.m.s. velocity profiles obtained from hot-wire measurements. These results are employed here to determine the steady drag force on the vibrating cylinder by means of the von Karman drag formulation. The drag coefficients determined in this way are in agreement with the recently published direct force measurements of Tanida, Okajima & Watanabe (1973) and Griffin, Skop & Koopmann (1973) at Reynolds numbers of 80, 500-900 and 4000. From these results a direct relation is drawn between the increased drag on resonantly vibrating structures and changes in the vortex strength, spacing and formation in their wakes.
Habitat II: A critical assessment

Abstract The Second United Nations' Conference on Human Settlements, Habitat II, convened in Istanbul, Turkey from June 3 to 14, 1996. The Conference capped a three-year process of preparation that involved all of the world's governments and hundreds of non-governmental institutions, organizations, and individuals. Both the preparatory process and the Conference itself were global dialogues about experiences in the management of urban problems from housing and infrastructure to decentralization of public responsibility and environmental protection. Despite great variation around the world, these discussions were very important in creating an opportunity for learning and dialogue, and they were quite rich in their content. It might be said that they proved that the world is not exactly a global village; it may be closer to a global city or town. The growing importance of urban phenomena in the future of the world was strongly affirmed.
Physics and Medicine: The Bevatron/Bevalac Experience, 1979-1980

Heavy ion radiobiology has been integrated successfully into the research program at the Bevatron/Bevalac for the past several years. During the 1979-1980 year radiotherapy trials have been conducted side-by-side with the demanding program of heavy ion nuclear science research at this national facility. Careful attention is given to the scheduling of research on the SuperHILAC and Bevatron/Bevalac so that the nuclear science and biomedical programs at the Bevatron/Bevalac and the program at the SuperHILAC are served to maximum effect. Efforts to maximize the researchers' time have resulted in hardware, software, and operating improvements that offer a total machine availability of about 90% and a user availability of about 80%. Fast beam switching and beam sharing permit virtually simultaneous use of the Bevatron/Bevalac by two or more users. Current beam delivery systems will be augmented in FY81 to provide two ion energies per Bevatron/Bevalac pulse.
Plea bargaining and deterrence: An institutional approach

Previous economic analyses of plea bargaining have largely ignored its impact on the deterrence of crime. Instead, they have focused on the bargaining between a defendant and a prosecutor once a crime has been committed. This article remedies this deficiency by asking how the practice of plea bargaining influences the determination of criminal punishment and thereby the supply of crime by rational offenders. The key question examined is, how do the ex post objectives of prosecutors affect the ability of legislatures to implement criminal punishments aimed at achieving optimal deterrence? Various prosecutorial objectives are considered in answering this question.
Comparison of turbulence models in simulating swirling pipe flows

Swirling flow is a common phenomenon in engineering applications. A numerical study of the swirling flow inside a straight pipe was carried out in the present work with the aid of the commercial CFD code fluent. Two-dimensional simulations were performed, and two turbulence models were used, namely, the RNG k–e model and the Reynolds stress model. Results at various swirl numbers were obtained and compared with available experimental data to determine if the numerical method is valid when modeling swirling flows. It has been shown that the RNG k–e model is in better agreement with experimental velocity profiles for low swirl, while the Reynolds stress model becomes more appropriate as the swirl is increased. However, both turbulence models predict an unrealistic decay of the turbulence quantities for the flows considered here, indicating the inadequacy of such models in simulating developing pipe flows with swirl.
Cluster Expansion for Superlattice Physisorption: Helium Adsorbed upon Graphite

The ground-state energy of the $``{X}_{g}=\frac{1}{3}"$ and $``{X}_{g}=\frac{1}{4}"$ superlattice states of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ adsorbed on graphite is calculated via a variational wave function incorporating Jastrow factors. The single-particle factors in the wave function are constructed as an expansion in an orthogonal basis set and the Jastrow terms incorporate only lateral correlations. The ground-state energy is calculated using the Nosanow cluster expansion. The stability of the superlattice states is examined and both are found to be unstable at zero pressure. Estimates of the stability of these states to "melting" indicate the $``{X}_{g}=\frac{1}{3}"$ state is stable and the $``{X}_{g}=\frac{1}{4}"$ state is less stable or possibly unstable. The sensitivity of the results to reasonable substrate-induced many-body corrections to the adatom-adatom potential is found to be significant.
On the uniqueness of solutions to the periodic 3D Gross–Pitaevskii hierarchy

Abstract In this paper, we present a uniqueness result for solutions to the Gross–Pitaevskii hierarchy on the three-dimensional torus, under the assumption of an a priori spacetime bound. We show that this a priori bound is satisfied for factorized solutions to the hierarchy which come from solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. In this way, we obtain a periodic analogue of the uniqueness result on R 3 previously proved by Klainerman and Machedon [75] , except that, in the periodic setting, we need to assume additional regularity. In particular, we need to work in the Sobolev class H α for α > 1 . By constructing a specific counterexample, we show that, on T 3 , the existing techniques from the work of Klainerman and Machedon approach do not apply in the endpoint case α = 1 . This is in contrast to the known results in the non-periodic setting, where these techniques are known to hold for all α ⩾ 1 . In our analysis, we give a detailed study of the crucial spacetime estimate associated to the free evolution operator. In this step of the proof, our methods rely on lattice point counting techniques based on the concept of the determinant of a lattice. This method allows us to obtain improved bounds on the number of lattice points which lie in the intersection of a plane and a set of radius R , depending on the number-theoretic properties of the normal vector to the plane. We are hence able to obtain a sharp range of admissible Sobolev exponents for which the spacetime estimate holds.
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: comparison of disease in patients 60 years and older versus younger than 60 years

Objective To study the clinical course of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and to compare the demographics, treatments, and outcomes in patients aged Design Retrospective chart review of all 112 patients presenting for management of HZO from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008. Participants A total of 112 patients (58 aged 60 years) at the time of HZO onset. Interventions Anterior segment complications, treatments, and surgical procedures were documented at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, and then annually for the remainder of the follow-up period. Main Outcome Measures Intraocular pressure, inflammation, steroid use, surgical procedures, anterior segment complications, post-herpetic neuralgia, and delayed herpes zoster pseudodendrites. Results Equal numbers of patients were affected with HZO in the younger and older age groups (51.8%, n=58 vs. 48.2%, n=54, respectively, P = 0.69). The most common decade of HZO onset was between 50 and 59 years. Younger patients were more likely to be healthy compared with older patients ( P = 0.05). Delayed herpes zoster pseudodendrites were more common in the younger patients (36.7% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.03). The mean number of flares per patient-years was significantly higher in the younger patients ( z test, P = 0.024). Post-herpetic neuralgia, neurotrophic keratopathy, and secondary infectious keratitis were more frequent in the older patients ( P = 0.05). Prevalence of corneal perforation, corneal thinning, cataract formation, and glaucoma was similar between the 2 groups. Most patients in both groups (84.2% of younger patients and 89.5% of older patients) were taking topical steroids 3 years after referral for HZO. Conclusions Herpes zoster ophthalmicus affects individuals aged younger than and older than 60 years in similar numbers, with the most common decade of onset between age 50 and 59 years. Younger patients had more episodes of delayed pseudodendritiform keratitis and flares of inflammation compared with older patients, who had more problems related to neurotrophic keratopathy. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.