cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Informed Decision Making for In-home Use of Motion Sensor-based Monitoring Technologies

Motion sensor–based monitoring technologies are designed to maintain independence and safety of older individuals living alone. These technologies use motion sensors that are placed throughout older individuals’ homes in order to derive information about eating, sleeping, and leaving/returning home habits. Deviations from normal behavioral patterns are detected using statistical analysis of activities of daily living. Sensors are linked to mobile devices and secure Web pages in order to transmit information to designated caregivers who live outside the home. It is difficult to make informed decisions about purchas ing new technologies. This article describes elements for making informed decisions about purchasing motion sensor–based monitoring technologies and factors that could be used to evaluate these technologies. Case managers, physicians, nurses, and social workers may be asked to help older individuals and their families make informed purchasing decisions. Recommendations and practical tools are provided to best support these professionals in their dialog with older individuals and their families.
Dialogue as a Democratizing Evaluation Method

Looking at dialogue from the intersection of theory and practice, we present our view of dialogue as a democratizing practice. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, we compared and contrasted our notions against data we collected. Our analyses of the two case studies suggest power relations, the identity of the evaluator, and the skills needed to facilitate dialogue, are problematic, including virtual dialogue. The evaluator needs to be more than an expert. Knowing the theory of dialogue in evaluation was not sufficient to understand these two cases. Instead we saw in each instance, the evaluator drew on tacit skills to keep the dialogue going. These skills were developed in the ‘thick of practice’. But more importantly, these cases show how the evaluator must privilege the dialogical process to keep it going.
Heterogeneous wireless access in large mesh networks

Wi-Fi-based mesh networks have been considered as a viable option to provide wireless coverage for a vast area, such as community-wide or city-wide. However, interference due to multihop transmissions and potential isolated (disconnected) nodes are the major obstacles to achieve high performance. In this paper, we propose a heterogeneous wireless network architecture, consisting of Wi-Fi and WiMAX, to overcome these limitations. We first construct an optimization problem to analyze the benefits of heterogeneous networks. Then, we design a practical protocol to efficiently combine the resources of Wi-Fi and WiMAX networks. The evaluations show that our new scheme greatly improves the system performance in terms of throughput and fairness.
Bridging text spotting and SLAM with junction features

Navigating in a previously unknown environment and recognizing naturally occurring text in a scene are two important autonomous capabilities that are typically treated as distinct. However, these two tasks are potentially complementary, (i) scene and pose priors can benefit text spotting, and (ii) the ability to identify and associate text features can benefit navigation accuracy through loop closures. Previous approaches to autonomous text spotting typically require significant training data and are too slow for real-time implementation. In this work, we propose a novel high-level feature descriptor, the “junction”, which is particularly well-suited to text representation and is also fast to compute. We show that we are able to improve SLAM through text spotting on datasets collected with a Google Tango, illustrating how location priors enable improved loop closure with text features.
Spirituality, Fan Culture, and the Music of Jerry Joseph & the Jackmormons

This article presents findings from a qualitative study with passionate fans of the rock and roll band, Jerry Joseph & the Jackmormons. The study looked at how fan involvement in the music scene enhanced quality of life through the ability to access a personal sense of spirituality. While the majority of participants (87%) had been raised in religious households, most of those (93%) had intentionally abandoned religious affiliation only to come to embrace a language of spirituality and religion to describe their attraction to the music. This study fills a gap by exploring how aspects of spiritual language and sensations can be embraced in a secular context after departure from a formal religious upbringing.
Electrostatic Effects at Organic Semiconductor Interfaces: A Mechanism for “Cold” Exciton Breakup

Exciton dissociation at organic semiconductor interfaces is an important process for the design of future organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, but at present, it is poorly understood. On the one hand, exciton breakup is very efficient in many OPVs. On the other, electron–hole pairs generated by an exciton should be bound by Coulombic attraction, and therefore difficult to separate in materials of such low dielectric. In this paper, we highlight several electrostatic effects that appear commonly at organic/organic interfaces. Using QM/MM simulations, we demonstrate that the electric fields generated in this fashion are large enough to overcome typical electron–hole binding energies and thus explain the high efficiencies of existing OPV devices without appealing to the existence of nonthermal (“hot”) carrier distributions. Our results suggest that the classical picture of flat bands at organic/organic interfaces is only qualitatively correct. A more accurate picture takes into account the subtle effects of e...
Global stochastic methods in MDO/CFD

The purpose of this paper is three-fold. We present two multidisciplinary applications of global (stochastic) optimization problems in aerospace design which range from preliminary to advanced design. One application involves the preliminary sizing code FLOPS, and the other, high-fidelity aerodynamics and structural mechanics analyses codes. We look at the viability of the stochastic optimization method, simulated annealing (SA) for these applications. In the high-fidelity application, we use a proof-of-concept problem to investigate the aeroelastic jig shape problem, i.e., the design of a jig shape which upon loading deforms into the shape which minimizes wave drag. The third is a new modification of the optimization algorithm to lower to the number of function evaluations to convergence making it better suited for problems with time-consuming objective function evaluations. The probability distribution function, with which new designs are chosen, evolves as the optimization proceeds. Effectively adaptive gridding applied to the design space, this method reduces the number of function evaluations and creates a more continuous design space in regions perceived as optimal. 'Copyright ©1997 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. * Research sponsored by NASA Langley under grant NAG1-1559 * Associate Professor, Senior Member AIAA ' Assistant Professor H Graduate Student II Graduate Student **Undergraduate Student, who thanks the New Jersey Space Grant Consortium for summer support
Death and the City: Ancient Rome and Beyond

Epigraphic records from antiquity light on the seasonal distribution of mortality in the city of Rome, allowing us to draw inferences about the local disease environment. Endemic malaria appears to have made an important contribution to the mortality regime. Literary sources and osteological evidence likewise support the impression that the metropolitan disease environment was exceptionally severe. Investment in infrastructure and welfare provisions was unable to change this.
Vinculin regulates directionality and cell polarity in two- and three-dimensional matrix and three-dimensional microtrack migration

Cells can maneuver through 3D matrices by using tracks that exist in the matrix. The focal adhesion protein vinculin mediates the unidirectional movement through these tracks. Moreover, vinculin al...
Epidemiology and etiology of hand-foot-mouth disease in Anhui Province,2008-2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiology and etiology of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Anhui from 2008 to 2012 and provide scientific evidence for formulating effective prevention and control strategies.Methods The data were collected from the National Disease Surveillance Information Management System and the Surveillance Program of HFMD was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method,according to National Disease Supervision Information Management System and the supervision program of HFMD;Nucleic acid of enterovirus(EV) genome was detected by realtime PCR.Results A total of 360 873 HFMD cases were reported in Anhui from 2008 to 2012,and the average incidence rate of HFMD was 119.53 per million.The peak incidence of HFMD occurred from April to July.The incidence of hand foot and mouth disease in the northern Huaihe was higher than in the southern Yangtze River and Jianghuai.The male cases exceeded the female ones.Children aged 0-5 years old belonged to the high risk group.The laboratory confirmed HFMD cases caused by EV71 accounted for 55.5%,and by CoxA16,26.6%.Conclusions The prevention and control of HFMD should be strengthened for the children under 3 years old,especially for children,who lived in the dispersed rural regions.
Function and Design Idea of UHVDC Test Base

The function orientation of UHVDC test base subordinated to State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) is in the service of UHVDC power transmission and transformation projects, especially the power transmission from West China to East China, and to promote the domestic manufacturing of UHVDC power transmission equipments. In essentials, this test base consists of UHVDC test transmission line, corona cage, outdoor test site, test hall, pollution and environment testing laboratory, electromagnetism environment simulaiton test site, insulator testing laboratory, arrester testing laboratory and equipment live examine site. In this paper the experimental research capability and design idea of the test base are presented;the mian peformance parameters of above-mentioned experimental facilities are given;the problems to be considered in the site selection as well as planning and design of the test base are summarized to offer over all technical support for ±800 kV and ±1000 kV DC power transmission projects.
A compressive sensing-based approach for Preisach hysteresis model identification

The Preisach hysteresis model has been adopted extensively in magnetic and smart material-based systems. Fidelity of the model hinges on accurate identification of the Preisach density function. Existing work on the identification of the density function usually involves applying an input that provides sufficient excitation and measuring a large set of output data. In this paper, we propose a novel compressive sensing-based approach for Preisach model identification that requires fewer measurements. The proposed approach adopts the discrete cosine transform of the output data to obtain a sparse vector, where the order of all the output data is assumed to be known. The model parameters can be efficiently reconstructed using the proposed scheme. For comparison purposes, a constrained least-squares scheme using the same number of measurements is also considered. The root-mean-square error is adopted to examine the model identification performance. The proposed identification approach is shown to have better performance than the least-squares scheme through both simulation and experiments involving a vanadium dioxide ()-integrated microactuator.
Understanding Intratumoral Heterogeneity: Lessons from the Analysis of At-Risk Tissue and Premalignant Lesions in the Colon

Advances in DNA sequencing have created new opportunities to better understand the biology of cancers. Attention is currently focused on precision medicine: does a cancer carry a mutation that is targetable with already available drugs? But, the timing at which multiple, targetable mutations arise during the adenoma to carcinoma sequence remains unresolved. Borras and colleagues identified mutations and allelic imbalance in at-risk mucosa and early polyps in the human colon. Their analyses indicate that mutations in key genes can arise quite early during tumorigenesis and that polyps are often multiclonal with at least two clones. These results are consistent with the “Big Bang” model of tumorigenesis, which postulates that intratumoral heterogeneity is a consequence of a mutational burst in the first few cell divisions following initiation that drives divergence from a single founder with unique but related clones coevolving. Emerging questions center around the ancestry of the tumor and impact of early intratumoral heterogeneity on tumor establishment, growth, progression, and most importantly, response to therapeutic intervention. Additional sequencing studies in which samples, especially at-risk tissue and premalignant neoplasms, are analyzed from animal models and humans will further our understanding of tumorigenesis and lead to more effective strategies for prevention and treatment. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 638–41. ©2016 AACR . See related article by Borras, et al., [Cancer Prev Res 2016;9(6):417–427][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/9/417?iss=6
A note on the quantum-theoretic basis of primary of primary genetic activity.

In previous work (Bull. Math. Biophysics,23, 393–403, 1960) it was shown that, if primary genetic processes are of an essentially microphysical nature, the objects bearing the primary genetic information must act in a catalytic fashion. At the same time it was pointed out that the kind of catalysis involved in the primary genetic process was fundamentally different, in specific ways, from that occurring, e.g., in enzyme systems. The present work demonstrates that, if the information-bearing objects of the general theory are identified with molecules of DNA, and the primary gene products are considered to be RNA of the “messenger” variety, then the predictions of the general theory can be compared with experimental data from various recently isolated polymerase systems, which appear to “copy” a sequence of nucleotides from DNA into RNAin vitro, and with certainin vivo microbial systems. It is found that these data provide detailed support for the conclusions drawn from the general theory. However, it is emphasized that the identification of the information-bearing objects and primary gene products as DNA and RNA respectively, which allows us to compare the theory with the cited data, is by no means the only identification which can be made; i.e., other interpretations of the general theory are certainly not precluded.
Genetic transcription in bacteriophage λ: Studies of λ mRNA synthesis in vivo☆

Abstract Physically separated, complementary strands of λ DNA which are linearly intact, biologically active when re-annealed and free from contamination by the opposite strand have been prepared by centrifugation of denatured DNA in cesium chloride gradients in the presence of polyguanylic acid and subsequent removal of the ribonucleotide homopolymer by hydrolysis in 0.3 n -KOH at 37 °C. DNA-RNA hybridization experiments using these strands as well as the separated AT-rich‡ (right) and GC-rich (left) halves of λ DNA indicate that major shifts in the predominant direction and location of λ mRNA synthesis occur during the course of phage development. λ-Hybridizable RNA synthesized in vivo at early times after induction of λ lysogens is transcribed mainly from right to left from nucleotide sequences on the AT-rich half of the λ DNA strand having its 5′-phosphate group at the sus-A end of the genetic map. Approximately 90% of the λ-specific RNA made at late times after induction is synthesized in the opposite direction at sites located on both λ DNA halves. Studies carried out with λ mutants that are defective in early functions, or with wild-type λ under conditions where either protein synthesis or DNA replication was inhibited, indicate that transcription of the λ genome occurs in at least three stages: (1) copying of “early” genes which are under the direct control of cI repressor; (2) early gene transcription dependent upon protein synthesis and function of the N gene; and (3) (late) transcription which is dependent upon DNA replication and Q gene function. The annealing patterns of 3H-labeled λ-specific RNA synthesized by λ lysogens suggest that transcription of prophage genes occurs in divergent directions on both strands of the template. Other hybridization experiments carried out with λ RNA isolated from lysogens which have been appropriately superinfected to hyperproduce cI mRNA confirm the existence of bidirectional transcription within the λ immunity region.
Neuronal Mechanisms for Rhythmic Motor Pattern Generation in a Simple System

The lobster stomatogastric ganglion is an ideal system with which to study the genesis of rhythmic patterned motor activity. This ganglion operates the striated musculature of the lobster stomach. All muscles operate under direct neural control and the stomach itself can be considered an internalized appendage whose movements are similar to those observed in crustacean locomotory systems. The isolated, deafferented ganglion produces two rhythms, the gastric mill rhythm and the pyloric rhythm, each with a different range of movements and a different pattern of bursts. When the ganglion is connected to the rest of the central nervous system, it receives modulating input over these rhythms from sensory receptors in the wall of the stomach and from higher centers in the central nervous system. The ganglion contains about 30 cells, 23 of which are motor-neurons. The synaptic connectivity between the motorneurons has been determined for both the gastric and pyloric rhythms. Subthreshold activity can be seen in all of the cell bodies and all motorneuron axons can be traced to their muscles and isolated for recording or antidromic stimulation. The mechanism of burst generation for the pyloric rhythm appears to consist of endogenous bursts generated by three electrotonically coupled cells. When the synaptic input to these cells is blocked, the cells continue to oscillate and fire whereas other cells are converted to a free running mode. Similar effects can be observed by hyperpolarizing these three cells to shut off their activity and observing the effects on follower cells. When ramp currents are passed into the bursting cells, they begin to burst at threshold and the burst number and inter-burst interval goes up with depolarization. The mechanism underlying the gastric bursts appears to be the result of the cooperative activity of many non-bursting cells connected primarily by inhibitory synapses. No single cell in the gastric mill network has been found to be capable of endogenous burst generation. When depolarized they fire continuously with some accommodation. Occasionally some single cells fire a spontaneous burst without synaptic input. The burst generation mechanism for the pyloric rhythm, therefore, appears to reside within the membranes of the endogenous bursting cells whereas the burst generation mechanism for the gastric mill network appears to be an emergent property of the network itself. It appears to be entirely reasonable, on the basis of preliminary modeling studies, to suggest that the pyloric rhythm burst generation mechanism can be supplemented by properties emerging from the pyloric network as a whole. Similarly, although the gastric system appears to be predominantly a rhythm generated by cooperative synaptic effects, bursting in some of the cells may also play a part in the overall generation of the gastric mill pattern.
The opto-mechanical design for GMOX: a next-generation instrument concept for Gemini

We present the opto-mechanical design of GMOX, the Gemini Multi-Object eXtra-wide-band spectrograph, a potential next-generation (Gen-4 #3) facility-class instrument for Gemini. GMOX is a wide-band, multi-object, spectrograph with spectral coverage spanning 350 nm to 2.4 um with a nominal resolving power of R 5000. Through the use of Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) technology, GMOX will be able to acquire spectra from hundreds of sources simultaneously, offering unparalleled flexibility in target selection. Utilizing this technology, GMOX can rapidly adapt individual slits to either seeing-limited or diffraction-limited conditions. The optical design splits the bandpass into three arms, blue, red, and near infrared, with the near-infrared arm being split into three channels covering the Y+J band, H band, and K band. A slit viewing camera in each arm provides imaging capability for target acquisition and fast-feedback for adaptive optics control with either ALTAIR (Gemini North) or GeMS (Gemini South). Mounted at the Cassegrain focus, GMOX is a large (1.3 m x 2.8 m x 2.0 m) complex instrument, with six dichroics, three DMDs (one per arm), five science cameras, and three acquisition cameras. Roughly half of these optics, including one DMD, operate at cryogenic temperature. To maximize stiffness and simplify assembly and alignment, the opto-mechanics are divided into three main sub-assemblies, including a near-infrared cryostat, each having sub-benches to facilitate ease of alignment and testing of the optics. In this paper we present the conceptual opto-mechanical design of GMOX, with an emphasis on the mounting strategy for the optics and the thermal design details related to the near-infrared cryostat.
The dilemma of mobility: The differential effects of women and men’s erratic career paths

Author(s): Leung, Ming D. | Abstract: It is well recognized that organizations play a central role in generating inequality in employment outcomes between women and men. Women are often disadvantaged relative to men when they enter firms either because they are more likely to enter into lower paying positions or into roles that offer less advancement opportunities. What is less well-understood are the mechanisms though which women may be able to overcome these disadvantages. One theoretical solution to this problem is for women to undertake less typical career paths within the firm and move to more fecund jobs and job ladders that offer more opportunity for advancement. However, there is a risk to moving atypically, as erratic careers are often viewed negatively. We investigate this question with monthly observations of 53,311 exempt U.S. employees at a West Coast Fortune 500 tech company over an eight year period, from 2008 to 2015. We first demonstrate that jobs disproportionately staffed by women are, on average, of lower pay and lower advancement opportunities within the firm. We find, erratic career mobility, defined as a sequence of atypical job moves, results in differential outcomes for women and men. Specifically, women who move erratically are promoted faster than similarly erratic men. However, this effect is the opposite for performance appraisals. More erratic mobility by women results in lower performance appraisals than similarly erratic men. Mobility is therefore a double-edged sword for women - we refer to this as the dilemma of mobility.
Passive measurement of coarse particulate matter, PM10–2.5

Abstract This work developed a passive sampling method to measure ambient PM 10 – 2.5 . The coefficient of variation (CV) of PM 10 – 2.5 measured with collocated passive samplers was 20.1% in laboratory tests and 11.6% in field tests. PM 10 – 2.5 measured passively deviated from that measured with a filter-based dichotomous sampler by 29% in field tests. The strong correlation between PM 10 – 2.5 derived passively with the dichotomous sampler ( r = 0.97 ) suggests that the bias observed in field tests was systematic and may be empirically corrected. The limit of detection of the method was determined to be 2.3 μ g m - 3 for a 5-day sample. A bootstrap analysis suggests that at least 300 particles should be imaged to stabilize the analytical variability of the method. Repeated analysis suggests that the CV for the analytical method is 5%. This method offers an inexpensive means to assess PM 10 – 2.5 that may be incorporated into compliance networks or epidemiological studies.
Dictionary Indexing of Electron Channeling Patterns

The dictionary-based approach to the indexing of diffraction patterns is applied to electron channeling patterns (ECPs). The main ingredients of the dictionary method are introduced, including the generalized forward projector (GFP), the relevant detector model, and a scheme to uniformly sample orientation space using the "cubochoric" representation. The GFP is used to compute an ECP "master" pattern. Derivative free optimization algorithms, including the Nelder-Mead simplex and the bound optimization by quadratic approximation are used to determine the correct detector parameters and to refine the orientation obtained from the dictionary approach. The indexing method is applied to poly-silicon and shows excellent agreement with the calibrated values. Finally, it is shown that the method results in a mean disorientation error of 1.0° with 0.5° SD for a range of detector parameters.
Entrepreneurs drive community revival in the wake of disaster

This article responds to the points raised by Daniel P. Aldrich, Emily Chamlee-Wright, and Lori Peek in the symposium on our book Community Revival in the Wake of Disaster: Lessons in Local Entrepreneurship (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
Essential biodiversity variables are not global

Recent initiatives have focused on biological diversity and the ecosystem services that it provides, and have proposed a series of “essential biodiversity variables,” as a means of describing and characterizing that diversity. Although such variables would shed considerable and interesting light on distribution of biodiversity-related dimensions, here, we examine the feasibility of assembling such data resources for terrestrial systems on worldwide extents, to evaluate whether they can be feasibly characterized globally. We found large-scale, consistent information gaps across five EBV-related dimensions (genetic composition, species populations, species traits, community composition, and primary biodiversity data), most markedly across Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe; lesser gaps cover much of Asia and South America. Our results raise concerns that EBV-based initiatives, and the studies and policy decisions that they make, will be constrained from any global inference by these information gaps. Concrete progress towards making EBVs genuinely global will depend on adequate funding, training of high-level personnel, and creation of robust institutions in which to base these initiatives.
Diaspora Businesses in Africa: Survival and Sustainability

Africa diaspora investment is a topical issue. Beyond investment is the reality to survive and be sustainable both in the short and long-run. This chapter looks at the broad business operating environment and discusses some enablers and deterrents to African diaspora businesses survival and sustainability. The literature reviewed suggests that there are as many opportunities for investment as are challenges of an uneven playing field. However, with the right kind of support to African diaspora investors; the chances for their businesses to thrive are immense as well as benefits to the continent.
Dynamic capabilities as (workable) management systems theory

In management studies, systems theory is an underexplored construct consistent with the dynamic capabilities framework. The systems approach received attention from management scholars in the middle of the last century, but, since then, has been largely abandoned. Meanwhile, academic disciplines have continued to narrow their focus. The capabilities and systems frameworks both adopt a holistic view that calls for all elements of an organization to be in alignment, and both recognize the importance of some form of learning for the purpose of adaptation. Dynamic capabilities go further by recognizing that organizations not only adapt to the business environment, they often try to shape it, too. While systems theory emphasizes internal stability over time and homogeneity across similar systems, dynamic capabilities include an explicit role for management/leadership that allows systemic change to start from within, which is the source of heterogeneity across firms. Dynamic capabilities are part of a system that includes resources and strategy. Together they determine the degree of competitive advantage an individual enterprise can gain over its rivals.
Obstructing integration: Domestic politics and the European Court of Justice:

Do legal rulings from the Court of Justice promote European economic integration? This article examines lawsuits where governments are found guilty of breaching their commitment to the common marke...
Chronic lead exposure induces cochlear oxidative stress and potentiates noise-induced hearing loss.

Acquired hearing loss is caused by complex interactions of multiple environmental risk factors, such as elevated levels of lead and noise, which are prevalent in urban communities. This study delineates the mechanism underlying lead-induced auditory dysfunction and its potential interaction with noise exposure. Young-adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed to: 1) control conditions; 2) 2 mM lead acetate in drinking water for 28 days; 3) 90 dB broadband noise 2 h/day for two weeks; and 4) both lead and noise. Blood lead levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis (ICP-MS) lead-induced cochlear oxidative stress signaling was assessed using targeted gene arrays, and the hearing thresholds were assessed by recording auditory brainstem responses. Chronic lead exposure downregulated cochlear Sod1, Gpx1, and Gstk1, which encode critical antioxidant enzymes, and upregulated ApoE, Hspa1a, Ercc2, Prnp, Ccl5, and Sqstm1, which are indicative of cellular apoptosis. Isolated exposure to lead or noise induced 8-12 dB and 11-25 dB shifts in hearing thresholds, respectively. Combined exposure induced 18-30 dB shifts, which was significantly higher than that observed with isolated exposures. This study suggests that chronic exposure to lead induces cochlear oxidative stress and potentiates noise-induced hearing impairment, possibly through parallel pathways.
Building Bridges and Growing Wings through Doctoral Education: A Literary Meta-Analysis

Doctoral education evolves amidst changing international social and educational pressures. New programs emerge, while current programs re-evaluate educational processes. This literary meta-analysis reviewed national and international literature in order to understand what issues are currently debated within higher education. Results indicate three main categories: Connection with Non-Doctoral Education Groups; Re-visioning the Doctoral Education Process; and Aligning Dissertation/Capstone Projects with Type of Doctoral Program. Within the categories, eleven themes also emerged. Implications of the study include emphasis for new and revised doctoral programs to remain aware of the increasing influence of industry, the main employment location for most doctoral graduates.
Sovereignty’s Evolution: The Role of Regions – Regional Convergence in a Transnational World

During the last great negotiation to build international order in the post–World War II era, the creators of the United Nations heralded the principle of state sovereignty as the foundation of a stable international security system. Over 60 years later, profound changes have taken place in the world. From nuclear proliferation, terrorism and infectious disease to conflict and climate change, twenty-first century threats defy borders. Sovereignty is not obsolete as a concept. But sovereignty premised on borders serving as inviolable boundaries simply does not function in a world where money, ideas, capital, labour and even pollution know no bounds. Our ability to govern the planet requires the international community to reinvent its understanding of sovereignty. This chapter addresses how regional organisations can build on diverse experiences to provide the building blocks that put a new understanding of sovereignty to work.
Correlation of SPECT with Angiography in Early Ischemic Stroke

The hyperacute thrombolytic therapy for selected patients with embolic stroke may actually provide benefit rather than risk [1–9]. The patient selection in thrombolytic stroke therapy might depend on early diagnosis of severity of cerebral ischemia or reversibility in ischemic brain tissue. It has been known that not only the time from the onset of stroke but also the residual cerebral blood flow (CBF) appear to be crucial for survival of marginal hypoperfusion areas [10–12]. A critical level of residual CBF might indicate functional reversibility in ischemic brain tissues and could be restored by early efficient recanalization of the occluded vessels. Cerebral angiographic studies in the early phase of embolic stroke could show prompt development of collateral circulating, reflecting residual CBF, and the degree of reperfusion following thrombolytic therapy in relation to increased CBF. To investigate the role of cerebral angiography in acute embolic stroke, we studied the correlation of CBF using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with angiographic findings in early ischemic stroke within 6 h from the stroke onset.
Elevated CSF 14-3-3 and Tau and Negative RT Quic after ECT (P5.107)

Objective: To study the disease course of a patient who had cognitive symptoms and elevated CSF 14-3-3 and tau but negative RT Quic after ECT Background: Cruetzfeld-Jakob Disease (CJD) usually presents with rapidly progressive cognitive dysfunction. Cerebrospinal fluid profile (CSF) in CJD shows elevated protein 14-3-3 and elevated tau. RT Quic is a confirmatory test for CJD. Electroconvulsive therapy can also elevate 14-3-3 and tau in CSF and these patients can be falsely diagnosed CJD. Design/Methods: We reviewed the chart of a patient with progressive encephalopathy who was found to have elevated 14-3-3 and tau in the CSF Results: A 78 year old patient with over 25 year history of bipolar disorder currently on ECT presented with progressive encephalopathy. Because of her clinical presentation there was a suspicion for spongiform disease. A lumbar puncture (LP) was performed. The CSF demonstrated an elevated protein 14-3-3 and Tau raising the possibility of a diagnosis of CJD. Several days later, CSF RT Quic, the confirmatory test for CJD, was negative. MRI of the brain was normal. Gradually the patient’s encephalopathy improved. At 6 month and 12 month follow up visits, there was overall improvement in her symptoms with some waxing and waning of cognitive function. She continued to receive ECT for bipolar disorder. Conclusions: We present a case report of a patient with bipolar disorder and encephalopathy treated with ECT who was found to have elevated 14-3-3 and tau in the CSF. There are reports of ECT increasing protein 14-3-3 and tau in CSF. Our patient was undergoing ECT, which was the likely cause of her CSF profile. Early identification and appropriate interpretation of CSF findings in patients receiving ECT is crucial for appropriate diagnosis. It is important to obtain RT Quic on CSF when spongiform diseases are suspected to prevent inaccurate diagnosis of a fatal disease. Disclosure: Dr. Freimer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rauf has nothing to disclose.
Reduced Hardware Parallel Drive for No Voltage Bearingless Motors

Recent efforts to improve the performance of bearingless motors have focused on "combined winding" machine designs that use the same coils for torque and suspension force production. While combined winding designs have been successful in increasing the machine performance, they add substantial cost and complexity to the power electronics required for the bearingless drive system. This paper presents a novel bearingless drive concept which eliminates the additional power electronic hardware requirements for a parallel combined winding design. The resulting drive requires the same hardware components as a traditional, separated winding bearingless motor. The paper proposes and explains the novel design and theory of operation, proposes a simple control implementation, and presents initial validation via simulation results. The theory and design presented are valid for both conventional p ± 1 bearingless motor designs (i.e., bearingless permanent magnet designs) as well as p s = 1 bearingless motor designs (i.e., bearingless ac homopolar designs).
Enabling Technologies in Packet Optics

Packet optics is revolutionizing the optical transport network in a more manageable and efficient way. We will review the enabling technologies in client and line side pluggable optics and some of our recently developed solutions.
Practice variation in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants in the United States: Survey results among cardiologists and neonatologists.

BACKGROUND Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is highly prevalent in extremely low birth weight (ELBW), preterm infants. There are diverse management approaches for the PDA in ELBW infants. The objectives of this research were to identify current PDA management practices among cardiologists and neonatologists in the United States, describe any significant differences in management, and describe areas where practices align. METHODS A survey of 10 questions based on the management of PDA in ELBW infants was conducted among 100 prominent neonatologists from 74 centers and 103 prominent cardiologists from 75 centers. Among the cardiologists, approximately 50% were interventionists who perform transcatheter PDA closures (TCPC). Fisher's exact test was performed to compare practice variations among neonatologists and cardiologists. A potentially biased audience including a combination of health care providers belonging to cardiology, neonatology, and surgery were also surveyed during the International PDA Symposium. The results of this survey were not included for statistical comparison, due to this audience being potentially influenced by the Symposium. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were identified between neonatologists and cardiologists regarding the impact of PDA closure on morbidity and mortality, with 80% cardiologists responding that it does vs 54% of neonatologists (P < 0.001), the need for PDA closure (P < .001), and the preferred method of PDA closure if indicated (P < .001). There was agreement between neonatologists and cardiologists on symptomatic therapy; however more neonatologists favored watchful waiting over intervention in contrast to more cardiologists favoring intervention over observation (77% vs 95%, P < .001). Survey responses also identified a need for further training and research on TCPC. CONCLUSION Neonatologists and cardiologists have notable differences in managing PDA, and continued discussion across cardiology and neonatology has the potential to facilitate more of a consensus on best management practices. Further investigation is needed to identify outcomes in transcatheter PDA closure, particularly in ELBW infants.
Shiva's Rangoli: Tangible Storytelling through Diegetic Interfaces in Ambient Environments

This paper describes the underlying motivation, creation process, and evaluation outcomes of Shiva's Rangoli, a tangible storytelling installation that allows readers to impact the emotional tone of a narrative by sculpting the ambience of their space. Readers interact with a tangible interface that acts as a boundary object between the reader and the fictional world. We discuss how these kinds of interfaces can engage readers to feel like they are a part of the story, endow them with responsibility, and blur the line between real and fictional worlds.
Do cities or suburbs offer higher quality of life? Intrametropolitan location, activity patterns, access, and subjective well-being

Abstract Critics deride American suburbs as dull, aesthetically displeasing, socially isolating, unhealthy, environmentally unsound, and lacking in accessibility. However, the dramatic shift of the American population to the suburbs in the post-WWII period suggests suburban living may have advantages. Using data from the American Time Use Survey, this paper examines whether residence in a principal city versus the suburbs offers a more emotionally satisfying lifestyle. First, the findings show that demographically similar city residents and suburbanites engage in a very similar amount and composition of out-of-home activities. Second, the ratio of travel time to activity time for specific travel/activity couplets is lower for city residents for a few activities, and lower for suburbanites for others, but on the whole the differences in accessibility implied by these travel time prices are minor. Third, the activities in which city residents and suburbanites engage are associated with very similar degrees of subjective well-being (SWB), including both life satisfaction and affect. The most noteworthy difference between the two geographies is that suburbanites have modestly but measurably higher SWB than demographically similar urbanites in terms of feelings of happiness (hedonic affect), a sense of meaning (eudaimonic affect), and life satisfaction. These findings suggest that there may be advantages to suburban living.
Engaging Foster Parents in Child Trauma Treatment: Strategies for Counselors

For children residing in foster care, foster parent engagement could enhance children’s ability to navigate the healing process and experience positive trauma treatment outcomes. However, scant lit...
Attorney–Client Communication in Public Defense: A Qualitative Examination:

This article presents a qualitative research approach to exploring attorney–client communication in an urban public defense system. The study drew upon procedural justice theory (PJT), which emphas...
An Exploratory Study of Hospitality and Tourism Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Professional Etiquette

This study explored hospitality and tourism stakeholders’ perceptions of professional etiquette. A survey was completed by stakeholders, including students, educators, and industry professionals, t...
Gibson and Gestalt: (re)presentation, processing, and construction

Seeking to avoid the typical binary choices between symbolic representations and no representations, or between functionally decomposable psychological processes and no psychological processes, or between direct perception of mind-independent physical properties and indirect perception of sense data, this article proposes that even a clear-thinking friend of Gibson can accept that perception of the environment is mediated by appearances and that such appearances are produced by functionally decomposable, rule-instantiating psychological processes. In so doing, it avoids both hyper-intellectualization of the perceptual process and the positing of sense data as immediate objects of perception. It considers notions of perceptual mediation from classical Gestalt psychology, while referencing recent phenomenological arguments showing that perception does not simply conform to mind-independent physical properties. Perception presents objects and scenes under a phenomenal aspect, in a manner suitable to be (and evaluable as) action-guiding. Finally, it examines neuroscientific decompositions of Gibsonian information pickup mechanisms, finding that such mechanisms are reasonably described as effecting processes of construction (on a not-necessarily-cognitivist conception of construction). As a separate point, such mechanisms are usefully described as including subpersonal, non-symbolic representations and processes of information integration.
Adverse Events Associated with Balloon Sinuplasty: A MAUDE Database Analysis.

ObjectiveBalloon sinuplasty utilization has increased significantly since its introduction over a decade ago. However, the most common associated complications are still unknown. The objective of t...
An analytic framework for exploring sampling and observation process biases in genome and phenome‐wide association studies using electronic health records

Large-scale association analyses based on observational health care databases such as electronic health records have been a topic of increasing interest in the scientific community. However, challenges due to nonprobability sampling and phenotype misclassification associated with the use of these data sources are often ignored in standard analyses. The extent of the bias introduced by ignoring these factors is not well-characterized. In this paper, we develop an analytic framework for characterizing the bias expected in disease-gene association studies based on electronic health records when disease status misclassification and the sampling mechanism are ignored. Through a sensitivity analysis approach, this framework can be used to obtain plausible values for parameters of interest given summary results from standard analysis. We develop an online tool for performing this sensitivity analysis. Simulations demonstrate promising properties of the proposed method. We apply our approach to study bias in disease-gene association studies using electronic health record data from the Michigan Genomics Initiative, a longitudinal biorepository effort within The University Michigan health system.
The effect of cocaine and methamphetamine on saccular aneurysm formation and rupture: A literature review

Abstract The pathophysiology of saccular aneurysm rupture (berry aneurysm) secondary to cocaine and methamphetamine use has been classically attributed to their effects on cerebrovasculature. We conducted a literature review to determine the contribution of cocaine and methamphetamines to aneurysm formation and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Our literature search revealed the contribution to berry aneurysm by both cocaine and methamphetamines is multifactorial and includes: hemodynamic compromise, hypertensive effects, inflammation, wall stress and hypoperfusion of cerebral vasculature. The pathophysiological mechanisms by which these drugs contribute to saccular aneurysm and SAH is reviewed. We further discuss current grading scales used to measure the severity and extent of SAH in cocaine and methamphetamine users. Additionally, conflicting data regarding the specific role of cocaine and methamphetamines was retrieved. Although questions remain regarding the exact role of cocaine and methamphetamines, the evidence suggests that they do increase the probability of saccular aneurysm formation, rupture and poor patient prognosis.
The Family System of Sexuality Communication: Extended Family Perceptions of Adolescent-Family Talk about Sex, with Sibling and Non-Sibling Comparison.

Talk with parents and extended family about sex and relationships can support adolescents’ sexual health. However, few studies explore how parent and extended family communication with adolescents intersect. This study used thematic analysis to assess family roles in talk with teens about sex and relationships among a sample of 39 adult extended family members (such as aunts and uncles, and older siblings and cousins) in the United States. Analyses identified four themes in sexuality communication that address: why adolescents talk to extended family about sex and relationships, family engagement in these conversations, consistency of family messages, and family communication about adolescents. Findings identify variation in how family members interact with adolescents and one another regarding talk about sex and relationships. For example, some participants described family coordination of sexual messages to the teen, while others reported no family communication about this topic. Results also showed similarities and differences in how sibling and non-sibling extended family describe these processes. These findings identify the need to examine family talk about sex and relationships in the context of a larger family system, rather than only within dyadic relationships, and suggests possibilities for family-based interventions to support adolescents’ sexual health.