cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Future Horizons in Cardiovascular Molecular Therapeutics

In the past 2 decades, significant progress has been made in cardiovascular therapeutics. Effective drug therapies have been developed for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. Novel therapeutic strategies to treat cardiovascular disease consist of 3 major approaches: (1) changing the biology of vascular disease; (2) intervening in the ischemic event; or (3) modifying the post-ischemic course. The development of future therapies depends on continuing advancements in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of vascular pathobiology. Novel therapies are aimed at the critical steps in vascular disease progression, which include reversing endothelial cell dysfunction, modulating thrombosis and inflammation, correcting dysregulated cell growth and apoptosis, modulating vascular phenotype, and modifying mechanicotransduction in vascular remodeling. Targeting these steps at the molecular level will stimulate the development of numerous therapeutic agents. Ongoing research will further define the role of the agents in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Meeting the changing health needs of women in developing countries

Demographic, epidemiological and socio-economic trends in developing countries are creating new mortality and morbidity patterns for both women and men. Women's health needs will increasingly include problems beyond reproduction, and health interventions must take into consideration the important characteristics of women's lives that affect their ability to address these problems. Meeting the changing health needs of women in developing countries will require more comprehensive health interventions guided by innovative, interdisciplinary research. A broader conceptualization of women's health needs, and the constraints and opportunities associated with meeting those needs, is necessary to avoid overly simplistic assigning of responsibility, which can lead to blaming organizations, disciplines and individuals, including women themselves, for persistent health problems and underutilization of existing services.
Drug use prevention programs, gender, and ethnicity: Evaluation of three seventh-grade project SMART cohorts

One-year follow-up data from three seventh-grade cohorts of Project SMART were examined to assess the effects of two social psychology-based programs within each of six subgroups: males, females, Asians, blacks, Hispanics, and whites. The three cohorts (total N = 5,070) were those receiving curriculum or serving as controls as seventh-graders in 1982-1983, 1983-1984, and 1984-1985 school years. The outcome measures used were composite indices based on lifetime and recent use items for cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. The major analysis was ANCOVA on classroom means for the composite indices at posttest, using pretest classroom means for the indices as a covariate. The results showed clear prevention effects for females but not for males. Overall prevention effects were strongest for cigarette smoking, but were also evident for alcohol. Significant sex by program interactions, showing differential program effects for males and females, were found for cigarettes and marijuana, but not for alcohol. There was a nonsignificant trend suggesting that the programs were most effective for Asians and least effective for whites. 0 1990 Academic
Tracking of Mobile Targets using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This paper presents an integrated effort by Cal Poly Pomona and UC Irvine for the tracking of mobile targets using unmanned aerial vehicles. A twin-engine airplane is used as the aerial platform. The airplane is being equipped with a commercial-off-the-shelf imaging and video processing systems, which are capable of tracking mobile targets. Besides using the off-the-shelf systems, we are also developing neuromorphic algorithms for autonomous target tracking and action selection. The algorithm is inspired by the mammalian visual system function and is implemented through GPU parallel computing. The algorithm uses a neuromorphic image preprocessing pipeline implemented on a NVIDIA GPU using CUDA and a visual tracking pipeline implemented on a CPU. For autonomous flight, the airplane is being equipped with a Piccolo II autopilot from Cloud Cap Technologies. Our UAV path planning strategy includes either circular or sinusoidal patterns, depending on the target speed. The path planning algorithm will be implemented on top of the autopilot system.
Eye movements during processing of text requiring bridging inferences in adolescents with higher functioning autism spectrum disorders: A preliminary investigation

Abstract In this study, 18 children with higher functioning autism (HFASD) and 16 controls read short, two-sentence passages that necessitated a bridging inference for comprehension and responded to a general knowledge question that was either primed or unprimed by the inference. We measured mean reading times and correct responses to knowledge questions, as well as recorded the eye-movements of the participants while reading. Analysis of reaction times to general knowledge questions were faster for questions in relevant context as compared to those in irrelevant contexts, suggesting that children with HFASD were able to build the bridging inferences necessary for comprehension. Eye-movement data revealed that children with HFASD spent more time fixating on text, made more fixations overall, and made more regressions (i.e., moving backward within the text) while reading than did controls. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are offered.
Microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty: A preliminary report.

Objective To evaluate microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty for treatment of patients with eustachian tube dysfunction. Study design A prospective study of 20 patients with eustachian tube dysfunction who underwent microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty (mETP) was performed at an academic medical center. Surgery involved use of a microdebrider to remove hypertrophied mucosa from the posterior eustachian tube cushion. All patients had concurrent sinonasal disease and underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at the time of mETP. Results There were no surgical complications. Following mETP, subjective symptoms of ear blockage improved in 14 of 20 patients (70%). Mean pure tone average improved by 6 dB (27 dB pre-op vs 21 dB post-op; P = 0.013). Abnormal tympanogram improved in 11 of 17 patients (65%). Failure of the procedure correlated with severity of mucosal disease as measured by both elevated tissue eosinophil count and advanced sinus CT stage ( P = 0.018 and P = 0.014, respectively). Mean follow-up was 13 months (range 3-34 months). Conclusion Microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty appears to be a safe procedure for the treatment of eustachian tube dysfunction.
Preparing for Accreditation Under EC 2000: An Experience Report

By now it is well understood in the engineering community that preparing for accreditation evaluation under Engineering Criteria 2000 is a demanding task. Perhaps the most challenging requirements of the criteria have to do with setting up mechanisms to obtain input from various constituencies, formulating precise objectives and outcomes on the basis of these inputs, setting up a range of assessment mechanisms to evaluate how successful the program is in meeting these objectives and outcomes, and setting up feedback mechanisms to use the results of the assessments to improve the program. This paper presents the experience of one program in doing this, and some of the lessons learned.
Stationary points of a kurtosis maximization algorithm for blind signal separation and antenna beamforming

Blind source separation has been the subject of extensive research. In particular, blind antenna beamforming is an effective signal separation technique for communication systems to combat co-channel interference. Among many potential candidate approaches, the simple constant modulus algorithm (CMA) has been widely studied and used in practice. The CMA is designed to capture and separate signals with negative kurtosis. However, when some signals have positive kurtoses, the CMA is unable to capture and separate these sources. We show that the kurtosis maximum algorithm (KMA) can capture signals with both the positive and negative kurtoses. Its global convergence proof is presented for noiseless systems with multiple signals sources and for systems with a single source and zero-kurtosis (such as Gaussian) additive noise.
Trade-offs in a dangerous world: women's fear of crime predicts preferences for aggressive and formidable mates

Women's mate selection criteria can be expected to include a preference for men who can protect them and their offspring. However, aggressive dominance and physical formidability are not an unalloyed good in a partner; as such, men are likely to be coercive toward their mates. Accordingly, because of the potential costs of living with an aggressively dominant and physically formidable mate, a woman's preferences in this regard can be expected to vary as a function of the appraisal of her vulnerability to aggression — the more that a woman sees herself as potentially benefiting from protection, the more that she can be expected to favor aggressive dominance and physical formidability in a mate. Across three Internet-based studies of US women, we found evidence consistent with this perspective, such that women's fear of crime predicted her preference for long-term mates who are aggressively dominant and physically formidable.
American Podiatric Medical Association Best Walking City Competition, 2003.

In 2003, the American Podiatric Medical Association conducted its second annual “Walking City Competition.” The objective of the study was to update and expand on the results of a previous study conducted in 2002, taking into account a wider variety of measures of walking and walking conditions and identifying the best cities for walking in the United States on a regional basis. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(2): 211-215, 2004)
Smoking habits of 800,000 American men and women in relation to their occupations.

The distribution of cigarette smoking (as well as of cigar and pipe smoking in men) by occupation was examined in over 800,OOO men and women age 45-70 who were enrolled in the American Cancer Society’s prospective study in 1982. Striking variations were seen for men-less striking variations for women. Smoking rates were significantly higher in groups exposed to a number of occupational hazards, compared to groups not so exposed. A considerable amount of variation is related to social class, but some individual occupations exhibit notably high (law enforcement) or low (clergy) smoking rates. This information can be quite useful in planning morbidity or mortality studies of specific occupational groups or in analyzing data from existing studies.
Environmentally efficient well-being: Is there a Kuznets curve?

Abstract The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) posits an inverted “U” shaped relationship between the affluence of a nation and the stress it places on the biophysical environment, with increases in affluence from low to moderate levels producing increased environmental stress but further increases eventually leading to a tipping point after which further affluence reduces environmental stress. We hypothesized that the same pattern might obtain for the relationship between affluence and the efficiency with which a nation produces human well-being compared to the stress it places on the environment. The environmental intensity of human well-being (EIWB) was represented as the ratio of a nation’s per capita ecological footprint to its average life expectancy at birth. Using panel data on 58 nations, we find that, on average, the relationship between gross domestic product per capita and EIWB is a U shape, the inverse of the Kuznets curve.
Necessary conditions for partially observed diffusions

We present a new approach to deriving necessary conditions for stochastic partially observed control problems when the control enters the drift coefficient, and correlation between signal and observation noise is allowed. The problem is formulated as one of complete information but, instead of considering the unnormalized conditional density of nonlinear filtering, using Kunita's decomposition this equation is decomposed into two measure-valued processes. The minimum principle and the stochastic partial differential equation satisfied by the adjoint process, are then derived, and are shown to be the exact necessary conditions when the correlation is zero. >
Ras Protooncogene Activation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Related Disorders

Ras protooncogenes comprise a family of three highly related eukaryotic genes. Since they are highly conserved throughout the biologic kingdom, it is felt that their gene products serve some indispensable role in cell biology, most probably in cell division’*2. The development of recombinant DNA technology along with recent advances in tumor virology and cell biology have enabled investigators to elucidate mechanisms of malignancy in model systems. These studies have very convincingly demonstrated the importance of rus genes in cellular malignancy; however, the significance of aberrant rus gene biology in human neoplasms is less completely understood. The study of human neoplasms has revealed a large number of somatically mutated (i.e. “activated”) ras genes; however, the majority of tumors exhibit normal ras gene structure and/or expre~sion~*~. The human leukemias and related hematopoietic disorders have been extensively studied for ras activation. These diseases exhibit substantial biologic and clinical heterogeneity despite their morphologic similarities, and afford an opportunity to assess the impact of ras activation in clinical cancer biology.
A Typology for Integrating Technology, Organization, and Job Design

This paper proposes a theoretical model of technology that consists of three elements: workflow predictability, task predictability, and job interdependence. Various configurations of these three elements can be formed into "cells" that describe different technologies. The different modes of managerial control and self-regulation associated with each cell are discussed. The paper then combines the technology model with Hackman and Oldham's model of job redesign to form an integrated technology/job redesign model. Various relationships between technology and job characteristics are explored. A major conclusion develops from this discussion: in order to change the job characteristics that are associated with a target work system, the unavoidable introduction of uncertainty is necessary. The amount of self-regulation and the perceived degree of autonomy are shown to be critical variables that link technology and job redesign principles.
UPTAKE AND REDUCTION OF OXIDIZED AND REDUCED ASCORBATE BY HUMAN LEUKOCYTES

Incubation of human leukocytes with dehydroascorbate (DHA) results in an increase in their reduced ascorbate (AA) content and hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) activity, independent of oxygen supply. Incubation with AA induces these changes only in the presence of oxygen. The increase in HMS activity observed as cell AA increases by 1 micromol is the same during incubation with either DHA or AA. We propose that human leukocytes take up ascorbate as DHA (AA after oxidation to DHA) and reduce it promptly to AA, and that HMS stimulation upon incubation with either AA or DHA is a result of DHA reduction.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF GREATER SAGE-GROUSE NESTS IN RELATIVELY CONTIGUOUS SAGEBRUSH HABITATS

Abstract Degradation of nesting habitat has been proposed as a factor contributing to Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) population declines throughout North America. Delineating suitable nesting habitat across landscapes with relatively contiguous sagebrush cover is difficult but important to identify areas for protection. We used radio-telemetry to locate Greater Sage-Grouse nests in relatively contiguous sagebrush habitats in Wyoming to investigate the spatial arrangement of nests relative to lek and other nest locations. Nest distributions were spatially related to lek location within 3 and 5 km of a lek, and a 5-km buffer included 64% of the nests. There was no relationship between lek size and lek-to-nest distance, suggesting that accurate population trend evaluation might require lek surveys in addition to lek counts. Closest known lek-to-nest distance was greater for successfully hatched compared to destroyed nests, and closely spaced nests tended to experience lower success and have ...
Whole body hyperthermia: effects upon canine immune and hemostatic functions

In this study, the effects of induced whole body hyperthermia (WBH; 42.3 degrees C for 90 min) on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) phenotype distribution, in vitro blastogenic responsiveness and selected parameters of hemostasis were determined in dogs. Hyperthermia was induced by heating venous blood during extracorporeal circulation (EC); induction of WBH by peritoneal lavage (PL) and perfusion without heating (i.e. euthermic EC and euthermic PL) were used as controls. Whole body hyperthermia was associated with lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia that persisted throughout the eight-day post-treatment observation interval. The lymphopenia was selective in that CD5-positive T lymphocytes were more sensitive than were sIg-positive B cells and, within the T-cell compartment, suppressor (CD8-positive) cells were more sensitive to hyperthermic stress than helper (CD4 positive) lymphocytes. Lymphopenia was also observed in EC and PL euthermic controls, although that lymphopenia was transient and nonselective. Persistent suppression of T-cell phytomitogen-induced blastogenesis was induced by WBH in contrast to transient suppression in euthermic controls. For all treatment groups, lymphopenia and suppressed blastogenesis were correlated to elevated plasma cortisol levels. Induction of WBH by EC resulted in coagulopathy characterized by thrombocytopenia, increased plasma fibrin degradation products, prolonged clotting times, and evidence of spontaneous bleeding. These hemostatic alterations were correlated temporally to increased serum levels of liver enzymes. However, there was no evidence of hepatic injury when WBH was induced by PL, where transient thrombocytopenia was the only significant hemostatic alteration. These results indicate that 42.3 degrees C whole body hyperthermia can be well-tolerated and, although associated with suppression of general indexes of immunocompetence, is not associated with opportunistic infections.
Information technology in support of public deliberation

Increased citizen-to-citizen discussion and deliberation is an important potential of digital government initiatives. This paper presents findings from a longitudinal study of such outcomes using household survey data, focus groups and one-on-one interviews from a mature community network - the Blacksburg Electronic Village (BEV) in Blacksburg, Virginia, and surrounding Montgomery County. It addresses the questions of who is using computer networking for civic participation, what impact the Internet has on their involvement with other people and local community, and the design problems that citizens experience with local e-government initiatives. A pattern of Internet use is emerging in which local formal and ad hoc groups of interested citizens distribute information on issues of interest among themselves and use online tools to raise awareness and educate, and under some circumstances to deliberate on public policy. Modified tools are suggested to facilitate deliberation and to integrate citizen feedback more effectively into local government decision-making.
More on Capital Expenditure Anticipations

We turn now to analysis of investment realizations functions, beginning with the one-year ahead, or short run capital expenditure anticipations,based upon McGraw-Hill data over the fourteen year period, 1955-68. The picture to emerge is one of considerable forecasting inaccuracy for individual firm observations but substantial if varying accuracy in annual means or aggregates. For both individual firms and, a fortiori, for all firms of a given industry or a given year or both, the gap between actual capital expenditures and anticipations can be accounted for in part by changes in current sales, by the difference between current and anticipated sales. and by current and immediately past profits.
The Neuroeconomics of Rational Decision Making

Economists appropriately stress the problem of scarcity of resources in the external physical world where people seek to maximize their gain from an array of individually conceived wants that far exceed their capacities to fulfill their wants. A nontrivial portion of life for almost everyone is spent making choices and tradeoffs, some made unconsciously, which is to say, automatically or by instincts, routines and habits (regardless of whether or not the routines and habits are set by rational processes). A major goal of conventional microeconomics is to understand how the particulars of alternative institutional settings will encourage people to use their scarce resources efficiently in the external physical world, given whatever rational capacities people possess. And people’s rational capacities are typically viewed as fixed (more or less), not as a variable, subject to more or less activation. The so-called “economic problem,” which reduces, in conventional neoclassical microeconomics, the inherent difficulty of achieving economic efficiency in the external physical world, has been qualified in key ways throughout the discipline’s intellectual history, most notably by Frank Knight and Friedrich Hayek (see Chap. 5). Knight insisted that economics was concerned with the “rationale of life,” but he also recognized that a central problem for the discipline was how far life was, or even could be, rational, or (as rationality is normally conceived by neoclassical economists) as a matter of people deliberately choosing to allocate known resources among known wants. Knight mused that much time and human energy is soaked up in a life-long exploration into the field of alternatives and their evaluations in order that people can determine what ends can be and should be pursued (Knight 1935, p. 105). Hayek’s major concern was that information on people’s wants and the scarcities of resources is scattered among individuals who are the ultimate (and, according to Hayek, only) wellspring of wants. Moreover, subjectively conceived wants determine what physical things in the external world can, indeed, serve as resources; that is, as material and nonmaterial inputs that can be used to actually satisfy individually determined wants (Hayek 1945 and 1952b). Subjective evaluation, accordingly, is at the foundation of both sides of the scarcity dichotomy, wants and resources, the market values of which are necessarily determined interactively in social settings in the external physical world, which means that as a discipline, economics could not, and should not, imitate the methods of the physical sciences. Since Lionel Robbins defined the economic problem as that of coping with scarcity, Knight’s and Hayek’s (and other subjectivists’) methodological concerns have been largely sidelined, if not dismissed, because, if taken seriously, economists’ pursuit of empirical science would be seriously hobbled.
Thermochromic Infrared Metamaterials

An infrared artificial thermochromic material composed of a metamaterial emitter and a bimaterial micro-electro-mechanical system is investigated. A differential emissivity of over 30% is achieved between 623 K and room temperature. The passive metamaterial device demonstrates the ability to independently control the peak wavelength and temperature dependence of the emissivity, and achieves thermal emission following a super Stefan-Boltzmann power curve.
The Dimerization of H2NO.

H2NO is the prototype of aminoxyls, kinetically persistent free radicals. The potential dimerization and reaction modes of H2NO are examined. The dimer potential energy surface features a barely metastable O–O bound species and several locally bound dimeric structures. One of these, a rectangular or rhomboid O–N–O-N ring, is a characteristic structural feature of more stable aminoxyls in the solid state. Its electronic structure is related to other four-center six-electron systems. A general picture of the weak dimer binding is constructed for these and other H2NO dimers from a balance of four-electron repulsions between NO π electrons, and two-electron attractive interaction between the singly occupied π* orbitals of the diradical. The most stable diradical structure is a surprisingly strongly hydrogen bonded dimer diradical. The barriers separating the other isomers from this global minimum are calculated to be small.
Simulation of the dependence of spatial fluence profiles on tissue optical properties

Medical laser applications are promoted as safe, effective treatments for a multiplicity of concerns, ranging from hyperthermal skin rejuvenation to subcutaneous tumor ablation. Chromophore and structural protein concentration and distribution within a patient’s tissue vary from patient to patient and dictate the interaction of incident radiative energy of a specific wavelength with the target tissue. Laser parameters must be matched to tissue optical and thermal properties in order to achieve the desired therapeutic results without inducing unnecessary tissue damage, although accurate tissue optical properties are not always measured prior to and during laser therapies. A weighted variable step size Monte Carlo simulation of laser irradiation of skin tissue was used to determine the effects of variations in absorption (μ a ) and scattering coefficients (μs) and the degree of anisotropy (g) on the radiant energy transport per mm 2 in response to steady-state photon propagation. The three parameters were varied in a factorial experimental design for the ranges of 0.25/mm ≤ μ a ≤ 2.0/mm, 30.0/mm ≤ μ s ≤ 140.0/mm, and 0.65 ≤ g ≤ 0.99 in order to isolate their impacts on the overall fluence distribution. Box plots of the resulting fluence profiles were created and compared to identify ranges in which optical property variance could be considered to significantly impact the spatial variance of fluence within the simulation volume. Results indicated that accurate prediction of the fluence profiles that will be achieved by any given medical laser treatment is unlikely without pre-treatment assessment of the tissue optical properties of individual patients.
Glycobiology simplified: diverse roles of glycan recognition in inflammation

Glycans and complementary glycan-binding proteins are essential components in the language of cell-cell interactions in immunity. The study of glycan function is the purview of glycobiology, which has often been presented as an unusually complex discipline. In fact, the human glycome, composed of all of its glycans, is built primarily from only 9 building blocks that are combined by enzymes (writers) with specific and limited biosynthetic capabilities into a tractable and increasingly accessible number of potential glycan patterns that are functionally read by several dozen human glycan-binding proteins (readers). Nowhere is the importance of glycan recognition better understood than in infection and immunity, and knowledge in this area has already led to glycan mimetic anti-infective and anti-inflammatory drugs. This review includes a brief tutorial on human glycobiology and a limited number of specific examples of glycan-binding protein-glycan interactions that initiate and regulate inflammation. Examples include representatives from different glycan-binding protein families, including the C-type lectins (E-selectin, P-selectin, dectin-1, and dectin-2), sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins 8 and 9), galectins (galectin-1, galectin-3, and galectin-9), as well as hyaluronic acid-binding proteins. As glycoscience technologies advance, opportunities for enhanced understanding of glycans and their roles in leukocyte cell biology provide increasing opportunities for discovery and therapeutic intervention.
Sequence-Dependent Interaction of β-Peptides with Membranes

Recent experimental studies have revealed interesting sequence dependence in the antimicrobial activity of β-peptides, which suggests the possibility of a rational design of new antimicrobial agents. To obtain insight into the mechanism of membrane activity, we present a computer simulation study of the adsorption of these molecules to a single-component lipid membrane. Two classes of molecules are investigated: 10-residue oligomers of 14-helical sequences, and four sequences of random copolymeric β-peptides. The oligomers of interest are globally amphiphilic (GA) and nonglobally amphiphilic (non-GA) sequences of 10-residue, 14-helical sequences. In solution and at the interface, all oligomers maintain a helical structure throughout the simulation. The penetration of the molecules into the membrane and the orientation of the molecules at the interface depend strongly on the sequence. We attribute this to the propensity of the β-phenylalanine (βF) residues for membrane penetration. For the four sequences of random copolymeric β-peptides, simulations of an implicit solvent and membrane model show that the strength of adsorption of the polymers is strongly correlated with their efficiency to segregate the hydrophobic and cationic residues. The simulations suggest simple strategies for the design of candidates for antimicrobial β-peptides. Collectively, these results further support the conclusion from several recent studies that neither global amphiphilicity nor regular secondary structure is required for short peptides to effectively interact with the membrane. Moreover, although we study only the binding process, the fact that there is a correlation between the sequence dependence in the calculated binding properties and the experimentally observed antimicrobial activity suggests that efficient binding to the membrane might be a good predictor for high antimicrobial activity.
The Legal Framework of Medical Ethics in the United States

The legal framework of medical ethics in the United States is important to an understanding of the application of medical ethical principles in everyday practice. This chapter reviews the legal background of issues including decision-making by competent patients and incompetent patients, the ethics of reproductive health, issues around hastening the end of life, the ethics of psychiatric treatment, and confidentiality. Important legal cases discussed include, among others, Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital, In re Quinlan, Superintendent of Belchertown State School and Another v. Joseph Saikewicz, Roe v. Wade, and Vitaly Tarasoff et al. v. The Regents of the University of California. Other important legal principles discussed include those raised in the Baby Doe Rules, the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. The chapter includes an explanation of sources of law and sets the stage for a more detailed exploration of ethical issues in the question and answer section of the book.
Multi-Spatial-Mode Squeezed Light from Four-Wave Mixing in Hot Rb Vapor

We demonstrate multi-spatial-mode, nondegenerate four-wave mixing in hot atomic Rb vapor. We generate images with strong intensity-difference squeezing between the amplified probe and the generated conjugate beams. Measurements to quantify the multi-mode nature of the beams will be presented. We also report on progress in improving the relative-intensity squeezing. This narrowband, squeezed light near an atomic resonance is also of interest for experiments involving atomic ensembles.
Atom-by-atom assembly of defect-free one-dimensional cold atom arrays

The realization of large-scale fully controllable quantum systems is an exciting frontier in modern physical science. We use atom-by-atom assembly to implement a platform for the deterministic preparation of regular one-dimensional arrays of individually controlled cold atoms. In our approach, a measurement and feedback procedure eliminates the entropy associated with probabilistic trap occupation and results in defect-free arrays of more than 50 atoms in less than 400 milliseconds. The technique is based on fast, real-time control of 100 optical tweezers, which we use to arrange atoms in desired geometric patterns and to maintain these configurations by replacing lost atoms with surplus atoms from a reservoir. This bottom-up approach may enable controlled engineering of scalable many-body systems for quantum information processing, quantum simulations, and precision measurements.
Boride phase formation in the production of Al-B master alloys

Abstract The formation of boride phases is studied in the production of Al-B master alloys, which involves chemical reactions of KBF4 and aluminum melts. Boron is reduced from KBF4 and reacts with aluminum to form AlB12 and AlB2 depending on processing conditions. AlB12 forms at the Al/flux interface and subsequently reacts with aluminum to form AlB2 in a slow process while moving away from the Al/flux interface. In designed experiments, aluminum reacted with KBF4 droplets producing dense AlB12 shells trapping KAlF4 salt inside at high temperatures. In comparison, the majority of individual AlB2 particles is located near the Al/flux interface inside the aluminum matrix in a circular shape. Meanwhile, a uniform dispersion of AlB2 particles in the aluminum matrix is also observed away from the Al/flux interface. It is revealed that boron, after being reduced from KBF4 by aluminum, has a high tendency to build up at the Al/flux interface, forming AlB12 and subsequently transforming to AlB2.
CAHOST: An Excel Workbook for Facilitating the Johnson-Neyman Technique for Two-Way Interactions in Multiple Regression.

When using multiple regression, researchers frequently wish to explore how the relationship between two variables is moderated by another variable; this is termed an interaction. Historically, two approaches have been used to probe interactions: the pick-a-point approach and the Johnson-Neyman technique. The pick-a-point approach has limitations that can be avoided using the Johnson-Neyman technique. Currently, the software available for implementing the Johnson-Neyman technique and creating corresponding figures lacks several desirable features--most notably, ease of use and figure quality. To fill this gap in the literature, we offer a free Microsoft Excel 2013 workbook, CAHOST (a concatenation of the first two letters of the authors' last names), that allows the user to seamlessly create publication-ready figures of the results of the Johnson-Neyman technique.
Hailey-Hailey Disease Complicated by Herpes Simplex Viral Infection

A 51-year-old man with a history of Hailey-Hailey disease presented to clinic due to worsening discomfort from a rash in his groin. Physical examination of the inguinal area and scrotum revealed grouped, punched-out ulcers on a base of macerated, erythematous plaques. Viral culture from the ulcers was positive for HSV-2. The patient had no known history of Herpesvirus infection. Treatment with oral valacyclovir resulted in marked clinical improvement. Although cases of Hailey-Hailey herpeticum are much less common than the better-studied eczema herpeticum, it is important for physicians to be aware that any disease that disrupts the stratum corneum increases the risk of superimposed HSV infection, which constitutes a medical emergency. Prompt treatment with antiviral agents can hasten patient recovery and optimize outcomes.
Two questions about the analysis and interpretation of randomised trials.

AbstractThis non-technical tutorial focus on two questions about the analysis of data from randomised trials. Which is the more appropriate analysis of data from a randomised trial – an unadjusted analysis or an adjusted one? When a result is not statistically significant is it nevertheless appropriate to comment on its direction?
Deaths of people with mental illness during interactions with law enforcement.

Abstract Accounts of killings of civilians by police in the United States (U.S.) have attracted considerable public attention. In this study, using all civilian deaths (N = 1099) in the U.S. in 2015, compiled independently by The Washington Post and The Guardian newspapers, we identified characteristics of each interaction between the police and the deceased, such as whether the decedent was armed. We expanded the database to include systemic factors possibly related to these deaths, and examined death rates by demographics, presence of mental illness, and state-level predictors. Twenty-three percent (251 of 1099) of individuals killed during interactions with police in 2015 displayed signs of a mental illness. Race (African-American [RR = 2.57] compared to non-Hispanic Whites [95% CI 2.08–3.18]) and presence of mental illness (RR = 7.16 compared to no mental illness, 95% CI 6.21–8.25) were strongly associated with such fatalities. Individuals with mental illness were more likely to be armed with a knife (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 2.1–4.6), and were more likely to have been killed at home (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.9–4.0). The death rates for persons with evidence of mental illness during interactions with police are high. Our finding that many persons with mental illness were killed at home and were not brandishing a firearm suggests that more effective de-escalation methods might reduce the incidence of fatal outcomes.
Micro MRI of trabecular bone

Recent progress in noninvasive imaging techniques--notably magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT)--in terms of improvements in achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution, has led to specialized modalities (often referred to micro-CT and micro-MRI) that now enable visualization and quantitative analysis of trabecular bone architecture in vivo in animals and humans. We have during the past decade been dedicated to the development of acquisition and processing methods permitting quantitative characterization of the complex architecture of trabecular and cortical bone from micro-MRI data obtained in the limited spatial resolution regime inherent to measurements performed in vivo. Fundamental to achieving such a goal is an image acquisition strategy that ensures faithful retrieval of the structural features, which includes appropriate imaging pulse sequences and control of and correction for involuntary subject motion. Preprocessing of the raw images results in noise-free grayscale images representing maps of bone volume fraction, which are subvoxel-processed (a method for reducing partial volume blurring with application) to yield images in higher spatial resolution. From the binarized and skeletonized images the three-dimensional topology of the network can be retrieved allowing each voxel to be characterized as belonging to a surface, curve or junction between the fundamental topological types. Surfaces and curves are the lower-dimensionality counterparts of plates and rods for better differentiation of bone quality.
Static Behavior of Beam-to-Column Moment Connections

A review is presented of tests on beam-to-column moment flange connections. The main objective of these tests was to study the behavior and to develop the design method for flange moment connections. A test program of flange connections consisted of 12 full-size beam-to-column connections. This test series included specimens representing connections for the lower stories, middle stories, and upper stories of a multi-story frame. Primary attention is focused on strength, deformation capacity and overall stiffness of the connection. The load-deflection plot of each connection is compared with its control test behavior, in the adequacy of AISC specifications is studied.
Rehumanizing Mental Health Care: The Unique Contributions of Psychiatric Survivor Therapists

Traversing the antiquated and rigid margins of professionalism and challenging the illusionary distinction between client and therapist, in Exploring Identities of Psychiatric Survivor Therapists A...
The Large Andaman Islands Earthquake of 26 June 1941: Why No Significant Tsunami?

We present a modern seismological study of the earthquake of 26 June 1941 in the Andaman Islands, the largest pre-2004 event along that section of the India-Burma plate boundary. Despite a large conventional magnitude ( $$M_{\text {PAS}} \,=\,8.1$$ ), it generated at best a mediocre tsunami for which no definitive quantitative reports are available. We show that the 1941 earthquake took place under the Andaman accretionary prism and consisted of a composite event, whose nucleating phase had a strike-slip mechanism incompatible with a data set of spectral amplitudes of mantle Rayleigh and Love waves. Combining this initial phase with a larger normal faulting mechanism can reconcile them with P-wave first motions, reports of subsidence on the eastern coast of the Andaman Islands and the small amplitudes of any putative tsunami. The small tsunami results from a combination of that mechanism and of a source located under the islands themselves and in shallow water, implying a reduction in amplitude under Green’s law when transitioning to a deeper basin.
Forests of Kansas, 2017

This resource update provides an overview of forest resources in Kansas based on inventories conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the Northern Research Station. For annual inventory years 2001--2013, the cycle length was equal to 5 years. Beginning in 2014, the cycle length was changed to 7 years. For the 2017 inventory, estimates for current variables such as area, volume, and biomass are based on 8,715 field plot samples (593 forested) collected from 2011--2017. Change variables, such as net growth, removals, and mortality, are based on 8,661(554 forested) samples collected in 2006--2011 and resampled in 2011--2017. Estimates from earlier annual and periodic inventories are shown for comparison. See Bechtold and Patterson (2005), O'Connell et al. (2014), and Gormanson et al. (2017) for definitions and technical details. Sampling errors and error bars shown in tables and figures in this report represent 68 percent confidence intervals. A complete set of inventory tables is available at https://doi.org/10.2737/FS-RU-172.
Parafoveal vessel loss and correlation between peripapillary vessel density and cognitive performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer’s Disease on optical coherence tomography angiography

Purpose Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) exhibit decreased retinal blood flow and vessel density (VD). However, it is not known whether these changes are also present in individuals with early AD (eAD) or amnestic type mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), an enriched pre-AD population with a higher risk for progressing to dementia. We performed a prospective case-control clinical study to investigate whether optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in the macula and disc are altered in those with aMCI and eAD. Methods This is a single center study of 32 participants. Individuals with aMCI/eAD (n = 16) were 1:1 matched to cognitively normal controls (n = 16). We evaluated OCTA images of the parafoveal superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and two vascular layers in the peripapillary region, the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) and superficial vascular complex (SVC). Outcome vascular and structural parameters included VD, vessel length density (VLD), adjusted flow index (AFI) and structural retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. We compared these parameters between the two groups and examined the correlation between OCTA parameters and cognitive performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results Cognitively impaired participants demonstrated statistically significant decrease in parafoveal SCP VD and AFI as compared to controls, but no statistically significant difference in peripapillary parameters. Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between MoCA scores for the entire study cohort and both the parafoveal SCP VD and peripapillary RPC VLD. Conclusion OCTA shows significant decline in parafoveal flow and VD in individuals with early cognitive impairment related to AD, suggesting that these parameters could have potential utility as early disease biomarkers. In contrast, the presence of larger vascular channels in the peripapillary region may have obscured subtle capillary changes in that region. Overall, the correlation between vascular OCTA parameters and cognitive performance supports further OCTA studies in this population.
A Study on the Use of Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells for Increased Power Generation on Small Aircraft

A growing demand for higher-power electrical equipment on aircraft is driving the exploration of alternative electrical power generation devices. “Hybrid-electric” aircraft architectures that leverage multiple or alternative power sources are also becoming more popular with rising concerns over efficiency. Fuel cells are particularly interesting as auxiliary or secondary electrical power generation devices, due to their relative efficiency and longevity, and could be used as a “power pod” for vehicles without enough on-board electrical generation capability. This paper examines the feasibility and potential value of using an externally-mounted, hybridelectric, solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power system on a Class IV unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the purpose of power generation in excess of the baseline electrical load. Moreover, the paper will demonstrate that a SOFC auxiliary power unit (APU) provides significant value to an aircraft by producing a relatively large amount of additional electrical power for a relatively low initial investment when compared to producing additional power by scaling the engine.
The roles of coaches, peers, and parents in athletes' basic psychological needs: A mixed-studies review :

The purposes of this mixed-studies review were to summarize (a) the social environments created by coaches, peers, and parents concurrently, (b) the relative influence of social agents in youth ath...
Biology and Management of the Eugenia Psyllid (Trioza eugeniae Froggatt)

Abstract Management and biological studies were conducted on eugenia psyllid (Trioza eugeniae Froggatt) in California landscapes and at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) in 1989 and 199...
QT Dispersion Changes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients with Aortic Stenosis.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the QT dispersion and echocardiographic parameters in patients before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods: One hundred and fifty-two patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) were included in our study. Ninety five patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with TAVI were included in the TAVI group and 57 patients, who refused TAVI, were included in the medical treatment group. The QT interval and echocardiographic parameters of all patients were assessed before and after the procedure (first and sixth months and first year). The QT intervals were taken from the onset of the QRS to the end of the T wave. Results: All patients had severe AS. The average mean aortic valve gradient was 46.1±12. Left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (LVIDD) and interventricular septum diastolic thickness (IVSDT) did not change signiﬁcantly after TAVI (P>0.05). QT dispersion, corrected QT dispersion, and mean aortic valve gradient changed signiﬁcantly six months after TAVI (P<0.05). Compared to the medical treatment group, QT dispersion and corrected QT dispersion were significantly decreased at the sixth month in the TAVI group. The incidence of malignant arrhythmias was smaller in the TAVI group than in the medical treatment group. The mortality rate was lower at the first-year follow-up in the TAVI group than in the medical treatment group. Conclusion: Increased QT dispersion is associated with severe symptomatic AS. After TAVI, QT dispersion reduces.