cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equivalency of the Dubinin–Polanyi equations and the QM based sorption isotherm equation. A. Mathematical derivation

Abstract It is demonstrated that the most widely used sets of the Dubinin–Polanyi (DP) isotherm equations may be derived from an isotherm equation that has its basis in simple quantum mechanical (QM) assumptions. These derivable isotherms include the Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR), the Dubinin–Astakhov (DA) and the Dubinin–Radushkevich–Kaganer (DRK) equations. The initial derivation in part A assumes no energy distributions other than that obtained in the QM treatment. Using this homogeneous assumption the DR, DA and DRK equations were found to be valid within 2% over a pressure range that covered at least a factor of 100 for typical ceramic adsorbents. In the course of the derivation, the philosophical problem of dual use of the DR equation for both porosity and open surfaces (DRK equation) is resolved. The methodology for heterogeneous surfaces and comparisons to DP and other isotherms using the heterogeneous assumption are described in part B.
Effect of a Core Conditioning Intervention on Tests of Trunk Muscular Endurance in School-Aged Children

Trunk and core muscular development has been advocated to increase athletic performance and for maintenance of musculoskeletal health, especially related to the prevention of low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a simple core conditioning routine on tests of trunk and core muscular endurance in school-aged children. Participants included 164 students (86 girls, 78 boys; mean age, 11.5 ± 2.5 years) recruited from a grade school in a metropolitan area located in the southwestern United States. Students performed an equipment-free, moderate-to-high intensity, dynamic core conditioning warm-up routine once a week for a period of 6 weeks during the start of their physical education classes. The intervention consisted of 10 different dynamic core conditioning exercises performed at a 30-second duration per exercise totaling 5 minutes per session. Pre- and post-assessments of muscular endurance consisted of 5 different trunk and core muscular endurance tests: Parallel Roman Chair Dynamic Back Extension, Prone Plank, Lateral Plank, Dynamic Curl-Up, and Static Curl-up. A generalized estimation equation was used to analyze differences in pre- and post-intervention muscular fitness assessments controlling for gender and grade level. Analysis of the data revealed significant increases in muscular fitness test performance for each of the 5 measured outcomes (p < 0.001). Because risk factors of LBP are thought to commence during childhood, results of this study suggest that it may be desirable for children and adolescents to perform moderate-to-high intensity dynamic core exercises during physical education warm-up to improve trunk and core muscular endurance.
The Purdue Elementary Problem-Solving Inventory (PEPSI), Grade Level, and Socioeconomic Status: A Preliminary Study

The effects of grade level and socioeconomic status upon Purdue Elementary Problem-solving Inventory (PEPSI) scores were investigated. Group administrations were conducted in two schools differing in the probable socioeconomic status (SES) of their pupils. Scores increased with grade level and were greater in the higher SES school, though the latter difference accounted for a much smaller proportion of the variance. It was concluded that the PEPSI is usable with most Grade 2 to Grade 6 pupils at both lower and middle socioeconomic levels, and has potential utility in teaching problem-solving skills to gifted children.
Ozone production by a corona-type loudspeaker and its toxic effects in mice.

L'ionophone est un emetteur sonique et ultra-sonique qui utilise la particularite qu'ont les gaz d'etre ionises sous l'effet d'une tension electrique tres elevee et de haute frequence. Ce generateur est aussi un ozoniseur efficient et il est necessaire de ne l'employer qu'avec une ventilation appropriee.
Momentum Budget of a Squall Line with Trailing Stratiform Precipitation: Calculations with a High-Resolution Numerical Model

Abstract In this paper, the authors investigate the momentum budget of a squall line with trailing stratiform precipitation by examining how the momentum balance varies with respect to the storm's internal structure. In particular, the authors determine differences between the momentum budgets of the convective and stratiform precipitation regions, which are physically distinct parts of the storm. The results from a high-resolution nonhydrostatic numerical simulation of the two-dimensional segment of the 10–11 June 1985 PRE-STORM squall line are used. The momentum equation is averaged over a 300-km-wide large-scale area for time periods of 1 h. On the 1-h timescale, the convective-scale temporal variations of horizontal and vertical velocities are nearly uncorrelated, and thus their contribution to the momentum flux is negligible. The remaining standing-eddy and mean-flow circulations account for the momentum flux on this timescale. The combination of the standing eddy and mean flow behave almost exactly ...
The Tuff of San Felipe: an extensive middle Miocene pyroclastic flow deposit in Baja California, Mexico

We document the existence of a widespread Miocene ash-flow tuff sheet in northeastern Baja California, Mexico. The Tuff of San Felipe (new name) was erupted from a vent east of the Sierra San Felipe of NE Baja California at ca. 12.6 Ma. This is the only widespread middle Miocene pyroclastic flow deposit identified in northeastern Baja California. Its distinctive age and widespread distribution make it an important marker horizon for structural reconstruction of this part of the Gulf Extensional Province, which is on the Pacific plate. The vent position, near the modern Gulf of California coast, allows the possibility that exposures of the Tuff of San Felipe may be preserved east of the Gulf on the North America plate in Sonora, yielding a tie point for the past relative position of the two plates. This paper summarizes all known information including petrography, geochemistry, geochronology, paleomagnetics, geographic distribution, and field appearance of this important tuff. It is a densely welded, crystal-rich, lithic-lapilli pyroclastic flow deposit, with 5–15% alkali feldspar, and can be 180 m thick in some locations near the vent. The Tuff of San Felipe is >40 m thick up to 40 km SW of the vent and >10 m thick at least 25 km NNW of the vent. A minimum volume estimate for the deposit is 54 km^3. Some recent ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar age determinations suggest that the tuff is about 12.6 Ma in age. In all locations studied, the Tuff of San Felipe has a unique, low-inclination, reversed magnetization, which may record a field transition or a geomagnetic excursion within reversed polarity subchron C5Ar.2r (12.401 to 12.678 Ma). This low-inclination magnetization, as well as the mineralogy and age, is key to correlating the tuff across the region, because deposits are highly disrupted by subsequent normal faulting and outcrops are sparse and discontinuous away from the vent. The documentation of these characteristics is important because the Tuff of San Felipe is a key structural marker for the subsequent development of the Pacific–North America plate boundary in the Gulf of California, and it will be important to identify this tuff in outcrops elsewhere on the Baja California Peninsula and on the North America plate in Sonora.
Growth and Survival of Walleyes Reared in Ponds Fertilized with Organic or Inorganic Materials

Abstract Fry of walleye Stizostedion vitreum were reared for 40 d at a density of 16 fish/m3 in ponds fertilized with organic or inorganic matter and at 50 fish/ m3 with inorganic fertilization. Al the lower density, inorganic fertilization was more economical than organic fertilization, and fish survival was unaffected by fertilizer treatment. Although fish lengths were similar in both treatments, fish in the inorganically fertilized ponds gained less weight than those in the organically fertilized treatment. At the higher density, fish survival was unaffected, but growth was reduced so that the fish were unacceptably small for stocking. Fish production did not vary significantly among the treatments, but was lower at the higher density than reported in similar studies. Production may have been limited by low alkalinities in the ponds. Ponds receiving inorganic fertilizers had higher dissolved-oxygen levels than those fertilized with organic matter.
Lactobacillus Sepsis with Pelvic Abscess

Although lactobacillus species are among the most common commensal organisms of the mouth, digestive tract, and female genital tract, they rarely cause serious infection. A case of lactobacillus septicemia and pelvic abscess formation in a posthysterectomy patient with mixed Mullerian tumor of the uterus is presented.
Variational theory for thermodynamics of thermal waves.

Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637~Received 1 August 2001; revised manuscript received 27 December 2001; published 8 April 2002!We discuss description of macroscopic representations of thermal ﬁelds with ﬁnite signal speed by compos-ite variational principles involving suitably constructed potentials along with original physical variables. Avariational formulation for a given vector ﬁeld treats all ﬁeld equations as constraints that are linked byLagrange multipliers to the given kinetic potential. We focus on the example of simple hyperbolic heat transfer,but also stress that the approach can be easily extended to the coupled transfer of heat, mass, and electriccharge. With our approach, various representations may be obtained for physical ﬁelds in terms of potentials~gradient or nongradient representations!. Corresponding Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism can be de-veloped. Symmetry principles yield components of the energy-momentum tensor for the given kinetic poten-tial. The limiting reversible case appears as a special yet suitable reference frame to describe irreversiblephenomena. With the conservation laws resulting from the least action principle and the Gibbs equation, thevariational scheme of nonequilibrium thermodynamics follows. Its main property is abandoning the assump-tion of local thermal equilibrium.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.046132 PACS number~s!: 05.70.Ln, 44.10.1i, 47.27.QbI. INTRODUCTION
Balance pass: service design for a healthy college lifestyle

This paper describes the design of a service that provides nutritional feedback to female college freshmen. A variety of background research methods--food journals, competitive product analyses, and ethnographic interviews--led to the design of a service that integrates into existing university systems with little effort.
Sediment dispersal in the Argentine Basin: evidence from visible light spectra

Abstract Visible light reflectance spectra were determined for each of 236 core top samples from the Argentine Basin and surrounding areas. The spectra were analyzed by taking the first derivative of the raw spectral curves and factor analyzing the first derivative values using wavelengths as variables. We used a four-factor solution that explains about 90% of the cumulative variance. Factors were evaluated by comparing factor loadings to first derivative curves from known minerals and mineral combinations, by the mapped distributions of the factor scores, and by comparison to factors from other areas. The four factors represent (in order of decreasing variance) goethite, terrigenous vs pelagic sedimentation, organic matter, and chlorite. The goethite and chlorite factors are useful for interpreting sediment influx and dispersal. Goethitecomes from the Falkland Plateau and the Argentine continental margin. Once introduce to the deep ocean, goethite appears to be transported primarily by isobath-parallel currents. Chlorite, on the other hand, is transported into the Argentine Basin by Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and from the Falkland Plateau. However, along the Falkland Plateau chlorite is transported normal to the slope, probably by gravitational processes.
Molecular bases for the recognition of short peptide substrates and cysteine-directed modifications of human insulin-degrading enzyme.

Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) utilizes a large catalytic chamber to selectively bind and degrade peptide substrates such as insulin and amyloid β (Aβ). Tight interactions with substrates occur at an exosite located ~30A away from the catalytic center that anchors the N-terminus of substrates to facilitate binding and subsequent cleavages at the catalytic site. However, IDE also degrades peptide substrates that are too short to occupy both the catalytic site and the exosite simultaneously. Here, we use kinins as a model system to address the kinetics and regulation of human IDE with short peptides. IDE specifically degrades bradykinin and kallidin at the Pro/Phe site. A 1.9A crystal structure of bradykinin-bound IDE reveals the binding of bradykinin to the exosite, and not to the catalytic site. In agreement with observed high Km values, this suggests low affinity of bradykinin for IDE. This structure also provides the molecular basis on how the binding of short peptides at the exosite could regulate substrate recognition. We also found that human IDE is potently inhibited by physiologically relevant concentrations of S-nitrosylation and oxidation agents. Cysteine-directed modifications play a key role, since an IDE mutant devoid of all thirteen cysteines is insensitive to the inhibition by S-nitroso-glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, or N-ethylmaleimide. Specifically, cysteine 819 of human IDE is located inside the catalytic chamber pointing towards an extended hydrophobic pocket and is critical for the inactivation. Thiol-directed modification of this residue likely causes local structural perturbation to reduce substrate binding and catalysis.
A Compact Dual-Band EMI Metasurface Shield With an Actively Tunable Polarized Lower Band

In this letter, a compact tunable metasurface for dual-band electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is being proposed. In particular, Jerusalem crosses intersecting diagonally are used to design and synthesize a prototype metasurface shield. It has been shown that a finite 4 × 3 array of the Jerusalem crosses can be used for EMI shielding in the 900 MHz and 1.8-GHz GSM bands. Then, to develop an active shield that is tunable, varactor diodes were attached to the dual-band metasurface. Measurements have shown that the lower band of the metasurface can be changed (tuned) with various control voltages. Finally, simulation, equivalent circuit computations, and measurements are shown to agree.
Defective gene expression of MnSOD in cancer cells

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been frequently implicated in the initiation and promotion phases of carcinogenesis. Antioxidant enzymes, which can antagonize this process, are lowered in a number of malignancies. The enzyme most commonly decreased is the mitochondrial Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) encoded by a nuclear gene mapped on the band 6q21, a region frequently deleted in several human tumours. The close association of del(6q) with diminution of MnSOD has led to suggest that MnSOD might be a new type of tumour-suppressor gene. This hypothesis is also sustained by the finding that transfection of MnSOD cDNA into human melanoma cell lines suppress the malignant phenotype. There are, however, conflicting observations that tend to ascribe the deficiency of the MnSOD activity more to a defect in the expression of the gene than to its deletion. In many transformed cell lines, including some with marked del(6q), there is no change in the dosage of the MnSOD gene and the enzyme is highly inducible by various pro-oxidant agents. Transition metals (Mn, Fe) have been found to be highly deficient in human and rodent tumours. Owing to the second messenger function of ROS in activating transcription factors (NF-kB, AP-1) and to the ability of Mn to facilitate the dismutation of O2- to H2O2 and of Fe to participate in the Fenton reaction, we propose that in the early stage of carcinogenesis an impairment of the signal transduction machinery, related to the metal deficiency, might limit the binding to DNA of transcription factors and cause the defect in the MnSOD gene expression.
Application of Newton-Raphson optimization techniques in molecular mechanics calculations

Abstract Applications of the Newton-Raphson optimization technique to molecular mechanics calculations are discussed. The theory for applying this method is developed in terms of the spectroscopic Wilson S vectors for stretching, bending and torsional internal coordinates. An exact method for calculating the geometries of transition states for interconversion processes is shown to follow directly from the use of Newton-Raphson optimization. Also, a precise method is developed for calculating the detailed minimum energy pathway for interconversions. A computer program EMIN is described, and applications of this program to geometry optimization, normal coordinate analysis, thermodynamic calculations and synthesis of electron diffraction radial distribution curves are illustrated using the molecule cyclohexane.
Stereochemical, structural, and thermodynamic origins of stability differences between stereoisomeric benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide deoxyadenosine adducts in a DNA mutational hot spot sequence.

Benzo[a]pyrene (BP), a prototype polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), can be metabolically activated to the enantiomeric benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxides (BPDEs), (+)-(7R,8S,9S,10R)-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and the (-)-(7S,8R,9R,10S) enantiomer. These can react with adenine residues in DNA, to produce the stereoisomeric 10S (+)- and 10R (-)-trans-anti-[BP]-N(6)-dA adducts. High-resolution NMR solution studies indicate that in DNA duplexes the 10R (-) adduct is intercalated on the 5'-side of the modified adenine, while the 10S (+) adduct is disordered, exhibits multiple adduct conformations, and is positioned on the 3'-side of the modified adenine. Duplexes containing the 10S (+) adduct positioned at A within codon 61 of the human N-ras sequence CAA are thermodynamically less stable and more easily excised by human DNA repair enzymes than those containing the 10R (-) adduct. However, the molecular origins of these differences are not understood and represent a fascinating opportunity for elucidating structure-function relationships. We have carried out a computational investigation to uncover the structural and thermodynamic origins of these effects in the 11-mer duplex sequence d(CGGACAAGAAG).d(CTTCTTGTCCG) by performing a 2-ns molecular dynamics simulation using NMR solution structures as the basis for the starting models. Then, we applied the MM-PBSA (molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area) method to compute free energy differences between the stereoisomeric adducts. The 10R (-) isomer is more stable by approximately 13 kcal/mol, of which approximately 10 kcal/mol is enthalpic, which agrees quite well with their observed differences in thermodynamic stability. The lower stability of the 10S (+) adduct is due to diminished stacking by the BP moiety in the intercalation pocket, more helix unwinding, and a diminished quality of Watson-Crick base pairing. The latter stems from conformational heterogeneity involving a syn-anti equilibrium of the glycosidic bond in the modified adenine residue. The lower stability and conformational heterogeneity of the 10S (+) adduct may play a role in its enhanced susceptibility to nucleotide excision repair.
Calculation of the Effect of Superconducting Energy-Gap Anisotropy on the Thermal Conductivity of Tin

With an interpretation of recent experimental data on electrical resistivity and on superconducting energy-gap anisotropy in tin, we have calculated the anisotropy in pure tin of the superconducting-state electronic thermal conductivity ${{K}_{e}}^{s}$ relative to the normal-state conductivity ${{K}_{e}}^{n}$. We have also calculated the effect of doping on $\frac{{{K}_{e}}^{s}}{{{K}_{e}}^{n}}$. Our calculation is based on the work of Ulbrich et al., but replaces their continuously varying gap function with one which is constant over limited sectors in momentum space in accordance with tunneling data, and which weights the gap effectiveness with the anisotropic electron mean free path. Good quantitative agreement is found with the existing experimental data.
Development of a two-step electrodeposition process for enhancing pool boiling

Abstract The continuous development of high performance chips and the growing miniaturization trend in the electronics and microelectronics industry require efficient systems to remove large amounts of heat over a small footprint. Pool boiling has the ability to remove large heat fluxes at small values of wall superheat and this can be further augmented by using porous or microporous surfaces. In this work, a two-step electrodeposition technique involving application of high current density for a short time, followed by a lower current density for a longer time was investigated. This technique allowed a close control of the pore size and porous layer thickness. The electrodeposition process was carefully studied and parameters for creating different morphologies of enhanced surfaces were obtained. Thickness of the coating was in range of 50–100 μm. After testing a variety of morphologies for pool boiling heat transfer with distilled water, a maximum heat flux of 1400 kW/m2 and a significant enhancement in heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of 179 kW/m2 °C was obtained from a copper chip with cauliflower-like morphology using an initial current density of 400 mA/cm2.
Composition of PM2.5 during the summer of 2003 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

Abstract A field study was carried out during the summer of 2003 to examine the overall composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA, with particular emphasis on polar compounds from secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Collected samples were examined for gravimetric mass, organic and elemental carbon concentrations, inorganic ion concentrations, and detailed organic composition. On average, the ambient PM2.5 was found to consist of 41% organic matter, 2% elemental carbon, 12% ammonium, 37% sulfate, and less than 1% nitrate and oxalate. Mass concentrations ranged from 6.4 to 31.4 μg m−3. The acidity of the aerosol was also estimated, and higher PM2.5 and organic mass concentrations were generally observed under acidic conditions. A suite of chemical derivatization methods was used in conjunction with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify and quantify 29 polar organic compounds. Most of these compounds have been previously identified in laboratory photooxidation studies from hydrocarbon precursors, including isoprene, monoterpenes, β-caryophyllene, and toluene. From laboratory studies, several of these polar compounds have been proposed as tracers for SOA, and concentrations measured in this study indicate the contributions of the precursor hydrocarbons to ambient SOA could be important. Some of the organic tracers, particularly those associated with isoprene SOA, represented a greater fraction of the organic carbon when the aerosol was acidic.
Wikis: Promoting Collaborative Literacy through Affordable Technology in Content-Area Classrooms

Educators may realize the impact technology has on students, but may be ill equipped to integrate high-tech devices into the classroom in an affordable way. Educators can capitalize on students’ experience with technology by incorporating wikis, a collaborative webpage, into classroom instruction. Studies indicate that wiki technology can greatly enhance student collaboration and build content-area literacy skills. There are several research-based applications for implementing wiki technology into content-area classrooms. However, educators must consider the effect of wikis on curricula before integrating wikis into the classroom.
Effect of multiaxial stresses on creep damage of 316 stainless steel weldments

The difference in creep strength between a base metal and a weld metal always produces a multiaxial stress state even if the macroscopic loading is uniaxial. In this study, weldments were formed between wrought 316 stainless steel and two types of 316 weld metals with slightly different creep properties and chemical compositions. Full-size 316 weldments, including base metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and welds, were creep tested at 650 °C. The multiaxial stress distributions in full-size 316 weldments were simulated by the finite element method (FEM). Three stress parameters, namely, the maximum principal stress (MPS), the yon Mises effective stress (VMS), and the principal facet stress (PFS), were used to correlate the local multiaxial stresses with local creep damage distributions and failure lifetime. Metallographic examination and creep rupture data showed that the PFS parameter gave the best prediction of the creep damage distribution caused by the multiaxial stresses in 316 weldments. This approach may have application in the design, life prediction, and in-service evaluation of weldments.
Emission mechanism in polyimide

Abstract The fluorescence properties of pyromellitic dianhydride-oxydianiline (PDMA-ODA) polyimide are described. The quantum efficiency of fluorescence following excitation at 290 nm is measured to be 10 −6 . The spectroscopically parametrized (complete neglect of differential overlap) CNDO/S3 model is used to provide a quantitative description of the emission spectrum, and to make some preliminary conclusions about the mechanism responsible for laser etching of polyimides.
Systemic and intrabasalis administration of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist, SB-334867, disrupts attentional performance in rats.

Rationale Orexin neurons project to a number of brain regions, including onto basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic neurons are known to be necessary for normal attentional performance. Thus, the orexin system may contribute to attentional processing.
Inter-sexual signalling and the functions of female coloration in the tropidurid lizardMicrolophus occipitalis

Abstract Species in which females possess conspicuous structures important in olfactory, auditory or visual signalling are rare. These structures are found in several taxonomically disparate vertebrate groups, however, suggesting that the phenomenon of conspicuous female signalling may have arisen on multiple independent occasions. Where females compete for reproductive access to males, inter-sexual and intra-sexual selection acting on females may explain these characters. Where males compete for access to females, conspicuous signals may incite male–male competition, and perhaps lead to greater sperm competition, to the genetic advantage of females. Alternatively, conspicuous female signals may deflect male attention when females are gravid with eggs or embryos, and so reduce female costs of reproduction. Bright red throat coloration was examined in females of the tropidurid lizard Microlophus occipitalis . Intensity of red-throat coloration was correlated with reproductive state and changes in female behaviour, including reduced movement and feeding rates and an increased likelihood of responding to male courtship with ‘rejection’ displays. Males courted red-throated females at lower rates and with lower intensity than they courted white-throated females. Males competed for access to females but did not compete more intensely for females of any particular throat colour. During the breeding season, high female mortality rates and reduced rates of movement and feeding in gravid females were observed. Together, these data suggest that females signal to deflect male attention when they are gravid. In this species, female signalling may be maintained by the reduction of costs such as increased predation or energetic costs associated with male attention. 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
METABOLISM OF 3-HYDROXYANTHRANILIC ACID LABELLED WITH CARBON-14 CARBOXYL IN NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC MICE.

THE o-aminophenol, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OHAA) is a metabolite of tryptophan normally present in urine in trace quantities. Recent observations have been concerned both with the carcinogenic property of 3-OHAA to induce cancer of the bladder and with elevated levels of urinary excretion of 3-OHAA in neoplastic diseases1.
Induction and Concurrent Taxanes Enhance Both the Pulmonary Metabolic Radiation Response and the Radiation Pneumonitis Response in Patients With Esophagus Cancer

Purpose The primary aim of this study was to assess pulmonary radiation toxicity quantitatively in patients who received thoracic radiotherapy combined with induction and/or concurrent chemotherapy with or without taxanes for esophageal cancer. Methods and Materials The study subjects were 139 patients treated at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center for esophageal cancer and who had undergone [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography between November 1, 2003 and December 15, 2007 for disease restaging after chemoradiotherapy. The patients were grouped into those who had not received taxanes (Group 1), those who had received induction or concurrent taxanes (Group 2), and those who had received both induction and concurrent taxanes (Group 3). Clinical pulmonary toxicity was scored using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3. Linear regression was applied to the fluorodeoxyglucose uptake vs. radiation dose to determine the pulmonary metabolic radiation response (PMRR) for each case. The clinical toxicity scores and PMRR among the groups were evaluated for significance differences. Results The crude rate of pneumonitis symptoms was 46%, 62%, and 74% for Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The analysis of variance test of log(PMRR) by treatment was significant ( p = .0046). Group 3 had a 61% greater PMRR compared with Group 1 ( p = .002). Group 2 had a 38% greater PMRR compared with Group 1 ( p = .015). Finally, Group 3 had a 17% greater PMRR compared with Group 2 ( p = .31). A PMRR enhancement ratio of 1.60 (95% confidence interval, 1.19–2.14) was observed for Group 3 vs. Group 1. Conclusion Patients given induction and concurrent taxane chemotherapy had a significantly greater PMRR and clinical pneumonitis symptoms compared with the patients whose chemotherapy regimen did not include taxanes.
Calcium involvement in the protein-membrane systems of blood coagulation

Abstract Blood coagulation is an extracellular process that occurs in a medium containing millimolar concentrations of calcium and utilizes this ion in several ways. One major utilization is by the vitamin K-dependent, γ-carboxyglutamate-containing proteins. Four of these proteins are known to function as enzymes and/or substrates for membrane-bound enzyme-catalyzed reactions of the blood-clotting casade. Three additional vitamin K-dependent proteins are known in the plasma, one of which probably acts as an enzyme in a membrane requiring reaction that decreases coagulation. All of these plasma proteins have homologous amino terminal sequences of about 40 residues which contain 10 to 12 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues. Calcium functions to aid binding of these vitamin. K-dependent proteins to membranes containing acidic phospholipids. Acidic phospholipids are found primarily in cytosolic membranes and are nearly absent on the external surface of the plasma membranes. Exposure of cytosolic membranes through cell damage may therefore constitute an important signal enabling blood coagulation to occur. Calcium binding to γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing plasma proteins causes a protein conformational change which is prerequisite to protein-membrane binding. In the case of prothrombin, the protein conformational change apparently involves a trans to cis proline isomerization (Pro 22 ) which has a characteristic reaction half-time of 90 minutes at O °C and an activation energy of 21 kcal/mol. The conformational changes for all of these proteins result in changes in intrinsic protein fluorescence as well as other spectral properties and are cooperative with respect to calcium. Very little selectivity for multivalent metal ions is displayed by the proteins and the sites have average K D of 10 −4 to 10 −3 M calcium which varies slightly for the different proteins. Prothrombin, the most thoroughly studied protein, binds 6 calcium ions in parallel with the protein conformation change with an average K D of 0.25 m M calcium. Many other ions show site specificity and three bound ions (Mn, Cd, Lanthanides) are sufficient to cause the conformational change. Calcium serves a second role in these protein-membrane interactions which appears to involve the acidic phospholipid residues. This second calcium-dependent process is also cooperative with respect to metal ion and shows a similar affinity for calcium. Approximately four calcium ions and eight acidic phospholipid residues are required for this second process. Metal ion specificity is observed in this step with calcium and strontium fully while magnesium and manganese fail to function at all. The precise structure of the protein-membrane interface is not known but studies with phospholipid bilayers and monolayers indicate involvement of the phospholipid headgroup only. The favored model is calcium bridging between ligands of the protein and the phospholipid. Rapid kinetic studies indicate that the metal ions responsible for maintaining protein conformation are in rapid exchange with solvent ions even in the membrane-bound state.
Immune aggregation and not antigen-induced conformational change accounts for enhanced reactivity between immunoglobulin G and protein A

Abstract Enhanced reactivity between affinity purified rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies against the polyvalent antigen human serum albumin and protein A of Staphylococcus aureus correlates with immune aggregation but not with antigen-induced allosteric changes in the antibody molecule. Absence of enhancement when immune complexes were prepared with the monovalent hapten methotrexate and anti-methotrexate antibodies is consistent with the inability of these complexes to undergo similar aggregation.
Riboflavin Uptake in Microvillous and Basal Membrane Vesicles isolated from Full-Term Human Placentas

Summary Riboflavin uptake was characterized using membrane vesicles isolated from the apical (maternal-facing) and basal (fetal-facing) membranes of the syncytiotrophoblast from full-term human placentas. Equilibrium [ 3 H]riboflavin uptake was insensitive to variations in incubation medium osmolarity in contrast to [ 3 H]alanine uptake into an osmotically sensitive space. Osmotic insensitivity suggested riboflavin binding to a membrane component. The dissociation constant ofriboflavin binding was similar in microvillous (K d =2 μm) and basal membrane vesicles (K d =1 μm). Binding capacity was significantly higher in microvillous membranes (B max =11.9 pmol/mg protein). The relatively high affinity binding to the membrane vesicles may represent a first step in riboflavin transport.
Molecular Simulation of Interlayer Structure and Dynamics in 12.4 Å Cs-Smectite Hydrates

Abstract A detailed understanding of hydrated Cs-smectites is necessary to predict the permeability of clay liners to radiocesium cations at nuclear waste containment facilities. Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) modeling techniques were applied to three representative Cs-smectites to interpret a variety of experimental data on interlayer structure and dynamics. Spectroscopic and surface chemistry methods that attempt to differentiate interlayer water from water residing in micropores have provided data suggesting that, in stable 12.4 A Cs-smectite hydrates, the interlamellar water content is less than one-half monolayer. Convergence profiles in MC simulations predicted stable hydrates at interlayer water contents of 1/3 or possibly 2/3 water monolayer. Radial distribution functions and coordination number data illustrated the ability of Cs + to organize water molecules into partial hydration shells and displayed the distortions of water structure induced by the clay surface. Molecular dynamics simulations of the MC-stable Cs-smectites revealed interlayer Cs + to be strongly bound as innersphere surface complexes, in agreement with published bulk diffusion coefficients. The strongly adsorbed Cs + can be associated with one of the species identified in 133 Cs NMR spectroscopic studies of hydrated Cs-smectites. These cations typically exhibited jump diffusion, whereas continuous diffusion of H 2 O occurred.
Dynamic faces speed up the onset of auditory cortical spiking responses during vocal detection

How low-level sensory areas help mediate the detection and discrimination advantages of integrating faces and voices is the subject of intense debate. To gain insights, we investigated the role of the auditory cortex in face/voice integration in macaque monkeys performing a vocal-detection task. Behaviorally, subjects were slower to detect vocalizations as the signal-to-noise ratio decreased, but seeing mouth movements associated with vocalizations sped up detection. Paralleling this behavioral relationship, as the signal to noise ratio decreased, the onset of spiking responses were delayed and magnitudes were decreased. However, when mouth motion accompanied the vocalization, these responses were uniformly faster. Conversely, and at odds with previous assumptions regarding the neural basis of face/voice integration, changes in the magnitude of neural responses were not related consistently to audiovisual behavior. Taken together, our data reveal that facilitation of spike latency is a means by which the auditory cortex partially mediates the reaction time benefits of combining faces and voices.
Teaching Theory through Popular Culture Texts.

In this article, the author describes a pedagogical approach to teaching theory to pre‐service teachers. This approach involves articulating academic texts that introduce theoretical ideas and tools with carefully selected popular culture texts that can be taken up to illustrate the elements of a particular theory. Examples of the theories discussed in the article are preferred, negotiated and oppositional readings; denotative and connotative levels of meaning; and detournement. Among the popular culture texts used to teach these theories is the film Dangerous Minds, as well as visual advertising texts that accompany movies. The emphasis of the article is on the pedagogical approach that is used to teach theory, though references are provided to other articles that explain how pre‐service teachers have applied these theories in a variety of ways.
Application of Oil Palm Wood Flour as Fillers in Polypropylene

The viability of using oil palm trunk wood flour (OPWF), a by-product of the oil palm industry, as a filler in polypropylene (PP) was studied. The OPWF was compounded into polypropylene using a Brabender thermoplastics mixer and a twin screw compounder. Torque of PP/OPWF composite was compared to that of neat polypropylene. The result showed that the mixing torque of polypropylene increases by adding OPWF filler into it. Test specimens of the PP/OPWF composite at 30% filter content were prepared by injection moulding, their mechanical properties evaluated and compared to a commercial PP/talc composite. The tensil properties, flexual modulus, impact strength, and melt flow index of the PP/OPWF composite were decreased only by a small margin when compared to those of PP/talc. The PP/OPWF composite, on the other hand, has better heat deflection temperature value than PP/talc. The study shows that OPWF has a good potential to be used as an alternative filter for polypropylene. The OPWF used in this study was not treated with any coupling agent.
Quantum and Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hydrophobic Hydration Structure around Small Solutes

We present a combination of classical and first principles molecular dynamics simulations of hydrophobic hydration structure. Our results show that water molecules surrounding two small hydrophobic solutes are oriented in a similar fashion, and that the driving force for this orientation is the water−water interaction rather than the water−solute interaction. In contrast, the spatial distribution of water around the hydrophobic solute is strongly influenced by the solute, and the driving force for the observed distribution is largely a steric effect. In addition to the size and structure of the solute, we find that the spatial distribution of water is sensitive to pressure. Using quantum simulations as a benchmark for classical potentials, we evaluate the accuracy of several empirical based models in predicting detailed information regarding the structure of water around small hydrophobic solutes. Our results demonstrate that the radial and spatial distribution of water molecules around different solutes ...
Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis by 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 9‐cis retinoic acid in the A/J mouse model: Evidence of retinoid mitigation of vitamin D toxicity

9-cis-Retinoic acid (9cRA) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) show promise as potential chemopreventive agents. We examined 9cRA and 1,25D, alone and in combination, for their potential to inhibit carcinogen (NNK)-induced lung carcinogenesis in A/J mice. A/J mice (n = 14/group) were treated with 9cRA (7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg diet), 1,25D (2.5 or 5.0 μg/kg diet), or a combination of 9cRA (15 mg/kg diet) plus 1,25D (2.5 μg/kg diet) for 3 weeks before and 17 weeks after carcinogen injection. Lung tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, plasma 1,25D levels and kidney expression of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24) were determined. Compared to carcinogen-injected controls, mice receiving 9cRA supplementation had significantly lower tumor multiplicity at all doses (decreased 68–85%), with body weight loss at the higher doses of 9cRA. Mice receiving 1,25D supplementation had significantly lower tumor incidence (decreased 36 and 82%) and tumor multiplicity (decreased 85 and 98%), but experienced significant body weight loss, kidney calcium deposition, elevated kidney CYP24 expression and decreased fasting plasma 1,25D levels. Although, there was no apparent influence on chemopreventive efficacy, addition of 9cRA to 1,25D treatment effectively prevented the weight loss and kidney calcification associated with 1,25D treatment alone. These data demonstrate that 9cRA and 1,25D, alone or combined, can inhibit lung tumor promotion in the A/J mouse model. Combining 1,25D with 9cRA has the potential to mitigate the toxicity of 1,25D, while preserving the significant effect of 1,25D treatment against lung carcinogenesis. The underlying mechanism behind this effect does not appear to be related to retinoid modulation of vitamin D catabolism. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Disaffiliation revisited: a comparison of homeless and nonhomeless women's perceptions of family of origin and social supports

This study investigated the ability of a developmental model of disaffiliation that included family of origin variables and social support variables to discriminate between a sample of homeless (N=76) and nonhomeless women (N=74). Eighty-nine percent of the homeless sample was Black and 10% was White; the nonhomeless sample was 91% Black and 9% White. Both groups were from low SES populations. A descriptive analysis of the demographic data indicated that the homeless and nonhomeless women were more alike than different. The family of origin data and social support data were analyzed through a series of discriminant analyses. The results of the analyses revealed that the multidimensional model significantly discriminated between the homeless and nonhomeless women in the study.
Kondo effect in Cu(Fe) films.

Recent experiments have shown that the Kondo effect is suppressed in thin films, a result which has so far eluded theoretical explanation. The previous experiments have been limited to the regime T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{K}}$, where ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{K}}$ is the Kondo temperature. In this paper we present new results for T\ensuremath{\lesssim}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{K}}$ which demonstrate that even when the Kondo contribution to the resistivity, \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\rho}}}_{\mathit{K}}$ is greatly suppressed, the Kondo temperature itself is not affected. We also present the results of experiments involving bilayer samples, i.e., Kondo films covered by nonmagnetic layers, which demonstrate the existence of a Kondo ``proximity effect.''
A NEW SPECIES OF SCINAX (ANURA: HYLIDAE) FROM MISIONES, ARGENTINA

A new species of the Scinax catharinae group is described from Misiones, northeastern Argentina. It is characterized by the dark yellow flash colors in hidden areas of thigh and shank; robust but not hypetrophied forearm; and lack of a thick glandular patch in the inguinal region. It is closely related to Scinax berthae, from which it can be distinguished by having a more robust forearm and less toe webbing. In addition, relative to S. berthae, males of the new species are slightly larger and the few known females are notably larger.
Stochastic Photolysis: A New Method for Measuring Rates of Photosensitive Reactions

A new method is introduced for the measurement of photochemical or photobiological reaction rates. Based on linear response theory, the method uses a randomly modulated light source rather than a pulsed one, and uses cross-correlation analysis to extract the desired kinetic information. In operation, a randomly varying light source illuminates the reaction of interest, and the resulting fluctuations in reactant (or product) concentrations are monitored. Mathematical or instrumental cross correlation of the light source variations with those in component concentration then produces the familiar kinetic decay curve. Because the new method produces only minute concentration fluctuations, it can measure reaction rates near equilibrium; moreover, equilibrium position can be shifted by superimposing on the fluctuating light intensity a dc level. Also, because cross correlation is used, the method enjoys high signal-to-noise ratios. In the present study, the utility and practicability of the new technique are demonstrated through examination of the recombination kinetics of photolytically generated iodine atoms.
Aliphatic amines against insecticide-susceptible and resistant strains of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Anopheles albimanus.

The possibility that insecticide resistance might influence susceptibility to aliphatic amines was studied in larvae of the southern house mosquito, Culex pipiens quinquefascintus Say, and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann. Fully dieldrin-resistant and moderately DDT-resistant strains of A. albimanus showed no significant tolerance to 7 aliphatic amines. However, insecticide-resistant strains of C. p. quinquefasciatus showed various levels of cross-tolerance toward certain amines, up to 3.7-fold greater than in the susceptible strain. Cross-tolerance was more pronounced in strains selected with DDT and Baygon® ( o -isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) than in those selected with dieldrin and fenitrothion ( O, O -dimethyl 0 -4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate). This phenomenon is considered to be a manifestation of vigor tolerance rather than cross-tolerance per se, and it is unlikely to present a serious obstacle to the usefulness of amines as potential mosquito larvicides.