cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Phonation on Perception of Femininity/Masculinity in Transgender and Cisgender Speakers.

Many transwomen seek voice and communication therapy to support their transition from their gender assigned at birth to their gender identity. This has led to an increased need to examine the perception of gender and femininity/masculinity to develop evidence-based intervention practices. In this study, we explore the auditory perception of femininity/masculinity in normally phonated and whispered speech. Transwomen, ciswomen, and cismen were recorded producing /hVd/ words. Naive listeners rated femininity/masculinity of a speaker's voice using a visual analog scale, rather than completing a binary gender identification task. The results revealed that listeners rated speakers more ambiguously in whispered speech than normally phonated speech. An analysis of speaker and token characteristics revealed that in the normally phonated condition listeners consistently use f0 to rate femininity/masculinity. In addition, some evidence was found for possible contributions of formant frequencies, particularly F2, and duration. Taken together, this provides additional evidence for the salience of f0 and F2 for voice and communication intervention among transwomen.
Leveraging historical shifts in the world economy: systems of patronage and supportive ecosystems for creative and cultural enterprise

The following paper examines the history of patronage as it relates to creative and cultural entrepreneurship (CCE). How have patrons transformed into the creative ecosystem that currently supports creative and cultural work? How has the supportive ecosystem changed in relation to patrons of CCE? Applying three critical frameworks (art history, globalisation theory, and decolonial theory), this analysis describes and critiques patronage systems from the Renaissance to the contemporary era of CCE. We point out that while the systems of patronage have changed, the cultural logic of the patron has not. Strategic implications are discussed, including how to leverage new supportive ecosystems of CCE to address power dynamics in relation to patronage.
Line Seeds With Parabolic Profile For Glancing Angle Deposition

This paper presents the design of line seeds for GLancing Angle Deposition (GLAD). GLAD is an advanced physical vapor deposition technique for creating three-dimensional nanofeatures including pillars, springs, zigzags, and even ribbons. Seeding is an important pretreatment scheme for obtaining periodical GLAD features. Line seeds are one-dimensionally symmetrical seeds that are commonly used for creating nanoribbons and nanocracks. In this paper, we discuss how to design line seeds to create nanoribbons using GLAD. Long and continuous solid ribbons are obtained on the line seeds with a parabolic profile by GLAD. The thickness of the ribbons is optimized by tuning the geometry of the seeds. The design and fabrication of the nanoribbons using GLAD can be applied in strain sensing and the creation of nanoporous materials.
Divergent regional evolutionary histories of a devastating global amphibian pathogen.

Emerging infectious diseases are a pressing threat to global biological diversity. Increased incidence and severity of novel pathogens underscores the need for methodological advances to understand...
The missing role of moral values in anti-vaping messaging

Vaping‐related illnesses are on the rise. Various anti‐vaping campaigns have been launched, but these marketing campaigns may be missing a core component of the reason that consumers vape—consumers perceive vaping as more moral than alternatives. Our research builds off belief congruence theory to examine this conjecture and accompanying solutions through three studies. Studies 1 and 2 show positive relationships between vaping morality perceptions and vaping attitudes/behavior in addition to identifying religiosity as an explanatory factor. Study 3 then experimentally manipulated marketing messaging to show that morality‐based messaging was most effective at increasing immorality perceptions and decreasing positive affect toward vaping, particularly for higher religiosity consumers.
Conclusion: Where Do We Go from Here?

What is the future of education? As we worked on this volume, COVID-19—a global pandemic—severely impacted the education world, requiring that all educators improvise and make their teaching accessible remotely to protect the health of everyone around them. To ensure the safety of administrators, teachers, students, and parents, schools shut down and most of the learning for students had to take place in their homes with the resources that they had at their disposal. Unfortunately, for many students, most of these formats were via Zoom and other online learning and videoconferencing platforms. While online learning is quite common at the college level, it is much rarer to see it used as a mode of regular teaching in K-12 schools. Many low-income families and those in rural areas did not have internet access or a device to access the content. Teachers have been heralded as heroes for holding things together and continuing to hold classes in various formats. Some even went to great lengths to reach their students, such as a Mexican-origin special education teacher who turned her pickup truck into a mobile classroom and would drive up to 2 hours to visit students with autism who did not have internet access (ScooNews, 2020). Wearing her mask, she would hold one-on-one classes in the bed of her truck, equipped with a small table and chair for each student. It will be crucial for future studies to examine the implications of intersectionalities on remote learning in the midst of this global health crisis, as the effects will be widespread and affect learning for years to come.
Adaptation to climate change: historical evidence from the Indian monsoon

Estimating the potential impacts of climate change requires understanding the ability of agents to adapt to changes in their climate. This paper uses panel data from India spanning from 1956 to 1999 to investigate the ability of farmers to adapt. To identify adaptation, the author exploits persistent, multidecadal monsoon regimes during which droughts or floods are more common. These regimes generate medium-run variation in average rainfall, and there is spatial variation in the timing of the regimes. Using a fixed-effects strategy, she tests whether farmers have adapted to the medium-run rainfall variation induced by the monsoon regimes. The author finds evidence that farmers adjust their irrigation investments and their crop portfolios in response to the medium-run rainfall variation. However, adaptation only recovers a small fraction of the profits farmers have lost due to adverse climate variation.
Algorithms for passive compliance mechanism design

In this article the authors study the spatial stiffness of passive compliance mechanisms. The mechanisms under consideration are characterized by the 6 by 6 spatial stiffness matrix. Several algorithms for realizations of spatial stiffness matrices are examined. The stiffness constants of the realization are related to the eigenvalues of the linear force portion of the stiffness matrix. Finally, a new method is presented for determining minimal realizations of an arbitrarily specified stiffness dominated spatial impedance. The resulting mechanism is constructed with a parallel connection of simple passive springs that are purely translational or purely rotational.
Recent Advances in the Field of Integral Equation Theories: Bridge Functions and Applications to Classical Fluids

We offer a nonexhaustive presentation of the advances in the field of the integral equation theories (IETs) in terms of bridge functions, by describing their application to the determination of structural and thermodynamic properties of simple fluids. After having exposed some basic necessary definitions in the structural description of fluid systems, various IETs are first presented, by recalling their basic expressions and underlying physical assumptions. In this context, a special attention is devoted to the thermodynamic consistency concept, and to the role that this natural constraint plays with the improvement of their performances. In this framework, we shall have as a specific purpose in this presentation to investigate the r– and q–space structural predictions of the IETs together with their relationship with thermodynamics. It is already known that these older theories, that provide in principle a direct source of information, yield however only qualitative agreement for correlation functions, because of suffering of a severe thermodynamic inconsistency. Improved closure relations, the self-consistent integral equation theories (SCIETs) are then introduced. Their applications are examined and systematically compared against related computer simulation data, when available. Satisfying to a single thermodynamic 2 jean-marc bomont
Abstract #5675: Increased cell survival and drug resistance due to SPARC-mediated activation of a FAK/ILK-PI3K/Akt signaling axis in malignant melanoma

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO Melanoma is one of the fastest growing cancers in the United States and is extremely prevalent in adolescents and young adults. Approximately 62,000 new cases of invasive melanoma will be diagnosed this year, with nearly 8,500 resulting in death. The progression of melanoma depends on its interaction with the surrounding tumor microenvironment, which is composed of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, inflammatory or immune cells, soluble factors, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Within the ECM is the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an extracellular glycoprotein that regulates cell-matrix interactions involved in a variety of diverse biological processes, including morphogenesis, cell-adhesion, proliferation, migration, and invasion. SPARC is highly-expressed in many advanced cancers, including melanoma, suggesting that it may contribute to a malignant phenotype; however, little is known about the function of SPARC in tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. To determine the significance of SPARC in human melanoma, SPARC was targeted using a lentiviral-expressed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to inhibit expression in melanoma cells. SPARC-deficient cells exhibited decreased cell survival, as well as impaired invasive capacity. Flow cytometric measurement of apoptotic activity showed an increase in apoptosis in SPARC-knockdown cells as compared to control cells under serum-starved conditions. SPARC-knockdown cells not only demonstrated heightened levels of apoptosis, but also exhibited increased sensitivity to the chemotheraputic agent doxorubicin, as detected by MTT analysis, as well as reduced invasive capacity in a 3D skin reconstruction model. Western blotting analyses indicated that downregulation of SPARC resulted in decreased activation of two cytoplasmic kinases; focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Because FAK and/or ILK activity have been correlated to activation of the PI3K effector, Akt, in cancer cells, Akt phosphorylation was also assayed. Indeed, phosphorylation of Akt was significantly diminished in SPARC-knockdown cells when compared to vector controls. Our results demonstrate that SPARC expression influences Akt signaling, likely through activation of FAK and/or ILK; downregulation of SPARC results in a significant reversal of the malignant phenotype, as evidenced by a reduction in the survival, drug resistance, and invasion of melanoma cells. Collectively, the data suggest that SPARC modulates the activation of pathways essential for the malignant phenotype and, therefore, may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of malignant melanoma. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5675.
Strong-Arming Molecular Dynamics

Guided laser pulses can be used to shift the path of a chemical reaction. Such control is turning out to be much easier than originally thought.
Reuse of cliches in the knowledge-based editor

The Knowledge-Based Editor in Emacs (KBEmacs) is the current demonstration system implemented as part of the Programmer's Apprentice project. The purpose of the system is to experiment with a number of AI-based programming support capabilities. It is expected that most of these capabilities will appear in one form or another in the programming environments of the future.
Introductory Electron Optics

The purpose of this chapter is to present an introductory, nonmathematical background in electron optics. The level is geared to the user of an electron microscope who is interested in understanding the qualitative features of the electron optical column but does not want to design a microscope. Because of this, mathematical statements are made and not derived in general and, in fact, mathematics is kept to a minimum with little more than high school background required. Although the discussion will center on magnetic lenses, as they are the most popular, an introduction to the terminology, laws and techniques will be given using light optical principles. Electrostatic lenses will be discussed briefly, especially as the electron gun is an electrostatic lens. Although aberrations are discussed in some detail, it is important to remember that a good approximate picture of the image formation process may be easily derived ignoring aberrations and adhering only to Gaussian optics. Subsequent chapters in this book will describe applications to image formation. For those interested in more complete and/or mathematical treatments, a list of texts on electron optics is included at the end.
Production of brief extreme ground acceleration pulses by nonlinear mechanisms in the shallow subsurface

[1] A brief pulse of extreme acceleration ∼20 m s−2 was recorded at Station FZ16 during the 2004 Mw 6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake. The sustained acceleration at the dominant frequency is a factor of ∼2 below the maximum. Here we show that the pulses of extreme acceleration might originate in the shallow subsurface, rather than on the main fault plane. Two nonlinear mechanisms can feasibly convert low-frequency energy of the incident wave into high-frequency pulses with extreme acceleration: (1) Dynamic stress carried by strong seismic waves causes small shallow cracks to slip in secondary earthquakes. (2) The elasticity of the shallow subsurface is nonlinear. The relationship between dynamic shear stress and strain is linear at small strains. At the large strains associated with strong ground motion, shear deformation locks compliant cracks by bringing their asperities into contact. The locking increases the instantaneous shear modulus of the cracked rock. Computations indicate that both mechanisms produce high accelerations in the later part of the strong ground motion. These testable hypotheses imply that brief pulses of extreme acceleration are likely not a property of the main fault and hence not harbingers of prolonged pulses of extreme acceleration.
A Feature Space for Derivatives of Deformations

Applications of image deformation to averaging or the description of clinically interesting variation require that expert knowledge be concentrated into feature vectors of substantially lower dimension. For “images” of discrete, individually labelled points, or landmarks, the quasilinear procedures of the interpolating thin-plate spline conveniently exemplify these vectors as explicit deformations, and its energetics supplies a basis for the shape space they span. Recent work by our group extended these strengths of the thinplate spline to incorporate information about edge directions at landmarks, or edgels. This paper shows how linear combinations of up to four of these edgel specifications at a point can constrain a splined deformation to accord with arbitrary specifications of the affine derivative there. Any such constrained deformation may be computed in closed algebraic form as a singular perturbation of the underlying landmark-driven spline. Local scale change, local rotation, and unidimensional local dilatation follow as special cases. The resulting synthesis of the landmark-based and image-based approaches to analysis of deformations seems to us much more promising than either approach separately.
Reliability growth of autonomous underwater vehicle-Dorado

Underwater environments are highly unstructured, uncertain, and dynamic. However, over the past three decades many autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been developed and successfully deployed for various oceanographic applications. There is a growing need for the AUVs to be reliable for collecting useful data and samples for their users. An AUV is a typical one-of-a-kind product for which it is difficult to derive a mathematical/statistical model for reliability prediction. The failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) can produce more effective results. However, the assessment of reliability growth of an AUV is very important for predicting its operational success in challenging underwater environments. In this paper, we present the identification of different types of failures that occurred during the past one and a half years of operation of MBARI's Dorado AUV, classification of those failures, and the reliability growth analysis for the vehicle. Reliability issues of various subsystems and operational procedure of the AUV have also been discussed. An extensive analysis of operational data and test results are presented in this paper.
High frequency green function for aerodynamic noise in moving media. I - General theory. II - Noise from a spreading jet

It is shown how a high frequency analysis can be made for general problems involving flow-generated noise. In the parallel shear flow problem treated by Balsa (1976) and Goldstein (1982), the equation governing sound propagation in the moving medium could be transformed into a wave equation for a stationary medium with an inhomogeneous index of refraction. It is noted that the procedure of Avila and Keller (1963) was then used to construct a high frequency Green function. This procedure involves matching a solution valid in an inner region around the point source to an outer, ray-acoustics solution. This same procedure is used here to construct the Green function for a source in an arbitrary mean flow. In view of the fact that there is no restriction to parallel flow, the governing equations cannot be transformed into a wave equation; the analysis therefore proceeds from the equations of motion themselves.
Resonance lines in dusty gaseous nebulae

Under the assumption that dust is either homogeneously mixed throughout or confined to either 1/2 or 1/4 of the space in question, the effect of absorption and scattering by dust grains on resonance lines that were formed in static gaseous nebulae with plane-parallel stratification is studied and a comparison is made between the total emergent flux in the line from the dust-filled nebula and the emergent flux from a dust-free medium. Many line optical thickness values, and several combinations of the opacity ratio of dust and gas, dust albedo, and collision parameter, are compared. A novel method is used to analytically solve the transfer equation for a spectral line in the presence of scattering and absorbing dust. It is noted that dust distribution can have large effects on the value of the total emergent flux.
Critical Commentary on Unto Others

Unto Others is a rich book that deserves to be widely read and discussed. It has as two complementary themes: the analysis of the evolution of altruism and the rehabilitation of group selection. Group selection could mean-and has meant-a number of different things in evolutionary theory, and that is much of the problem. It appears to me that the kinds of "group selection" advocated by Sober and Wilson are quite different from uncritical approaches that gave "group selection" a bad name. How does Sober-Wilson group selection explain the possibility of the evolution of altruism, as modeled by cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma? The essential point is that if the parameters of the model are just right, group structure can generate positive correlation of interactions between cooperators. If positive correlation is strong enough, cooperation can evolve; if not it cannot. This is true whether the positive correlation is generated by a group selection model or in some other way. From this point of view, group selection in the sense of Sober and
Testing shift-equivalence of polynomials by deterministic, probabilistic and quantum machines

The polynomials ƒ, g E F[X1,…,Xn] are called shift-equivalent if there exists a shift (α1,…, αn) E Fn such that ƒ(X1 + α1,… ,Xn + αn) = g. In three different cases algorithms which produce the set of all shift-equivalences of ƒ, g in polynomial time are designed. Here 1. (1) in the case of a zero-characteristic field F the designed algorithm is deterministic; 2. (2) in the case of a prime residue field F = Fp and a reduced polynomial ƒ, i.e. degXi(ƒ))</ p − 1, 1 </ i </ n, the algorithm is randomized; 3. (3) in the case of a finite field F = Fq of characteristic 2 the algorithm is quantum; for an arbitrary finite field fFq a quantum machine, which computes the group of all shift-selfequivalences of ƒ, i.e. (β1,…, βn) E Fqn such that ƒ(X1 + β1,…,Xn + βn) = ƒ, is designed.
A PROCEDURE FOR TESTING THE EQUALITY OF p CORRELATED VARIANCES

Given an independent random sample from a p-variate normal population, a procedure is proposed for testing the equality of the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix with no restrictive assumptions concerning its off-diagonal elements. The procedure is simulated utilizing Monte Carlo techniques, and a method for post hoc probing is also suggested.
Concerning the free amino acids in the hydroid tubularia

La composition de l'amine acide libre dans les deux especes deTubularia a ete examinee au moyen de la chromatographie. Les tissus d'hydranthe deT. crocea avaient 21 amines acides libres dont 18 ont ete identifiees dans les hydrocauli et dans les hydranthes regeneres deT. crocea, 19 dans les hydranthes deT. spectabilis et 14 dans les hydrocauli deT. spectabilis. La difference principale entre les hydranthes et les hydrocauli reside dans la distribution de certaines taches non-identifiees qui apparurent dans les chromatogrammes developpes avec la ninhydrine et les reactifs pour les groupes des imidazoles, guanidines, ou sulfhydriles.
Environmental and psychological factors in reactions to apartments and mobile homes

Abstract The reactions of U.S. Army families living in mobile home parks and apartment complexes to their housing, were assessed. Apartments and mobile homes were rated somewhat differently in line with realistic environmental differences, but were rated similar in overall housing satisfaction or feelings of crowding and privacy. Higher environmental quality was related to more positive evaluations in apartments, but had little impact in mobile home parks. Psychological factors such as degree of housing choice, comparison of present housing with past housing or that of friends, and expectation of impending improvement in housing had strong effects on housing satisfaction. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Characterization of organic p/n junction photodiodes based on poly(alkylthiophene)/perylene diimide bilayers

Photoconduction of bilayer organic p/n junction photocells can be finely tuned through the alteration of either the side chain orientation (regiorandom vs regioregular) or main chain structure in poly(3-alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs), where the incorporation of an electron-donating group (EDOT) appears to be an excellent method for enhancing the photoconduction. Moreover, doping of P3ATs proved to be an equally viable route for tuning the device characteristics. These polymers were used to fabricate bilayer organic photocells with the polymer as the p-type layer and 1,2-diaminobenzene perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PV) as the n-type layer. Action spectra at steady-state illumination demonstrated that all the interfaces (organic−organic p/n junction and organic−electrode) are actively involved in the photogeneration of carriers. Experiments showed that critical device properties, for example, open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc), are not only dependent on the selection of e...
The Elder Latino Population in Holyoke, MA

Abstract Holyoke's elderly Latino population's needs, as well as their patterns of service utilization, were explored through detailed interviews of 13 individual elders and a focus group of an additional 10 participants. The research uncovered a gap in the web of resources available, with some services, such as medical care, functioning well. However, there continue to be unmet needs, particularly in the areas of transportation, social and recreational activities, and sense of safety. Negative perceptions of aging and complaints of anxiety, depression, and boredom are also an area of concern. The barriers to use of services were also explored. Recommendations for the enhanced provision and utilization of services, many suggested by the elders themselves, are offered. Implications for social work research and policy on, and practice with, Latino elders are discussed.
Image classification of artificial fingerprints using Gabor wavelet filters, self-organising maps and Hermite/Laguerre neural networks

Image classification was performed using Gabor wavelet filters for image feature extraction, self-organising maps (SOM) for dimensional reduction of Gabor wavelet filters, and forward (FNN), Hermite (HNN) and Laguerre (LNN) neural networks to classify real and artificial fingerprint images from optical coherence tomography (OCT). Use of a SOM after Gabor edge detection of OCT images of fingerprint and material surfaces resulted in the greatest classification performance when compared with moments based on colour, texture and shape. The FNN and HNN performed similarly, however, the LNN performed the worst at a low number of hidden nodes but overtook performance of the FNN and HNN as the number of hidden nodes approached n = 10.
Influence of substituents on the strength of aryl C-H...anion hydrogen bonds.

When electron-withdrawing substituents are present, aryl C−H groups become powerful hydrogen bond donors, forming stronger complexes than obtained with conventional O−H and N−H groups.
User-centered, device-aware multimedia content adaptation for mobile web

Multimedia content in websites poses a variety of problems to mobile web users, such as content incompatible with mobile devices or failing to meet the accessibility needs of users with disabilities. This study proposes and evaluates a user-centered, device-aware approach to multimedia content adaptation for mobile Web to address those problems. It uniquely takes into consideration not only users' preferences and accessibility needs, but also capabilities of multimedia support of individual mobile devices. Evaluation shows that the proposed approach is accurate and efficient. This study provides insights for research on context-aware mobile computing, adaptive interfaces, and mobile HCI.
Intellectual and personality traits of a group of triplets.

(1946). Intellectual and Personality Traits of a Group of Triplets. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 25-36.
Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for clinical detection of dysplasia

Improved methods for detecting dysplasia, or pre-cancerous growth are a current clinical need, particularly in the esophagus. The currently accepted method of random biopsy and histological analysis provides only a limited examination of tissue in question while being coupled with a long time delay for diagnosis. Light scattering spectroscopy, in contrast, allows for inspection of the cellular structure and organization of tissue in vivo. Fourier-domain angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is a novel light scattering spectroscopy technique that provides quantitative depth-resolved morphological measurements of the size and optical density of the examined cell nuclei, which are characteristic biomarkers of dysplasia. Previously, clinical viability of the a/LCI system was demonstrated through analysis of ex vivo human esophageal tissue in Barrett's esophagus patients using a portable a/LCI, as was the development of a clinical a/LCI system. Data indicating the feasibility of the technique in other organ sites (colon, oral cavity) will be presented. We present an adaptation of the a/LCI system that will be used to investigate the presence of dysplasia in vivo in Barrett's esophagus patients.
Review: Risk for stroke is high at 2, 30, and 90 days after transient ischemic attack

Source Citation Wu CM, McLaughlin K, Lorenzetti DL, et al. Early risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:2417-22. 18071162
Managing knowledge towards wisdom

Abstract The author states we are in the ‘age of the mind’. It is therefore critical to master the managing of knowledge in business as in other fields. Several development principles to do this are suggested. First, an extensive education and training program is required (Motorola University provides a role model). Second, creativity, as a vocational skill, can be learned and taught. Third, counter-intuitiveness is valuable, ‘going against the crowd’ can lead to the essence. Fourth, making recommendations is a valuable way of practising the application of knowledge. Fifth, quality of leadership and quality of thought will lead an institution ‘somewhere else’. Finally, values should be truly understood, including cultural variances on values.
Screening of transition and post-transition metals to incorporate into copper oxide and copper bismuth oxide for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution

A new dispenser and scanner system is used to create and screen Bi–M–Cu oxide arrays for cathodic photoactivity, where M represents 1 of 22 different transition and post-transition metals. Over 3000 unique Bi : M : Cu atomic ratios are screened. Of the 22 metals tested, 10 show a M–Cu oxide with higher photoactivity than CuO and 10 show a Bi–M–Cu oxide with higher photoactivity than CuBi2O4. Cd, Zn, Sn, and Co produce the most photoactive M–Cu oxides, all showing a 200–300% improvement in photocurrent over CuO. Ag, Cd, and Zn produce the highest photoactivity Bi–M–Cu oxides with a 200–400% improvement over CuBi2O4. Most notable is a Bi–Ag–Cu oxide (Bi : Ag : Cu atomic ratio of 22 : 3 : 11) which shows 4 times higher photocurrent than CuBi2O4. This material is capable of evolving hydrogen under illumination in neutral electrolyte solutions at 0.6 V vs. RHE when Pt is added to the surface as an electrocatalyst.
Substrate für schnelle Ladungsübertragung auf redoxaktive Cofaktoren in den aktiven Zentren von Proteinen

Oxidieren und reduzieren kann man die Hamgruppe im aktiven Zentrum von Cytochrom P450cam mit dem Photosensibilisator [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2′-Bipyridin). Dieser ist uber einen Alkyl-Spacer mit einer Gruppe verknupft, die eine hohe Affinitat zur Ham-Bindungstasche aufweist (siehe Bild). Die Richtung des photoinduzierten Ladungstransfers last sich durch geeignete Loscher steuern; die neuen Oxidationszustande werden schnell gebildet (0.1 ms) und haben eine Lebensdauer von ca. 100 ms.
Mechanical properties of normal versus cancerous breast cells

A cell’s mechanical properties are important in determining its adhesion, migration, and response to the mechanical properties of its microenvironment and may help explain behavioral differences between normal and cancerous cells. Using fluorescently labeled peroxisomes as microrheological probes, the interior mechanical properties of normal breast cells were compared to a metastatic breast cell line, MDA-MB-231. To estimate the mechanical properties of cell cytoplasms from the motions of their peroxisomes, it was necessary to reduce the contribution of active cytoskeletal motions to peroxisome motion. This was done by treating the cells with blebbistatin, to inhibit myosin II, or with sodium azide and 2-deoxy- $$\textsc {d}$$ -glucose, to reduce intracellular ATP. Using either treatment, the peroxisomes exhibited normal diffusion or subdiffusion, and their mean squared displacements (MSDs) showed that the MDA-MB-231 cells were significantly softer than normal cells. For these two cell types, peroxisome MSDs in treated and untreated cells converged at high frequencies, indicating that cytoskeletal structure was not altered by the drug treatment. The MSDs from ATP-depleted cells were analyzed by the generalized Stokes–Einstein relation to estimate the interior viscoelastic modulus $$G^{*}$$ and its components, the elastic shear modulus $$G^{\prime }$$ and viscous shear modulus $$G^{\prime \prime }$$ , at angular frequencies between 0.126 and 628 rad/s. These moduli are the material coefficients that enter into stress–strain relations and relaxation times in quantitative mechanical models such as the poroelastic model of the interior regions of cancerous and non-cancerous cells.
Age and denture experience as determinants in patient denture satisfaction

Summary Sixty-nine male patients participated in a self-evaluation survey measuring their satisfaction with maxillary and mandibular dentures. Patients generally had a high evaluation of their dentures, with the highest scores given to appearance. Age was not a significant predictor of denture success. Patients receiving their first dentures consistently had more difficulties in all categories of function, comfort, and appearance than patients with past experience with dentures.
Convex optimisation for aggregate production planning

This paper presents a new solution approach to the problem of aggregate production planning (APP). As identified by many researchers, the APP cost function is convex and piecewise. Thus, the convex optimisation approach can be applied to the APP problem. Solving the APP problem using convex optimisation is attractive since it leads to an improved solution over the classical solution methods and it can be applied to a wider range of functions. The classical Linear Decision Rule model of APP is solved using convex optimisation and the resulting solution is compared to three solution approaches which have been historically used to solve this model. The results suggest that convex optimisation may be an effective approach for solving certain types of planning models.
Crystal and molecular structure of 1-epi-delphisine and nmr assignments for delphisine, 1-epi-delphisine and delphinine

The crystal and molecular structure of the norditerpenoid alkaloid 1-epi-delphisine (5), C28H43NO8, M r 521.66, has been confirmed by as X-ray diffraction study using the SIR 88 analysis program. The alkaloid crystallizes in the space groupP21 with cell parameters:a=11.853(1)A,b=10.511(1)A,c=11.854(1)A,β=112.58(1),V=1363.61(0)A3,Z=2,Dcalc=1.27 g/cm3, λ (CuKα)=1.54184 A,μ (CuKα=7.2 cm−1,F(000)=564, temperature 23°C,R=0.052, for 2907 reflections. Ring A of 1-epi-delphisine exists in a chair conformation. By comparison, delphisine which bears a C-1α hydroxyl group, has ring A in a boat conformation stabilized by an intramolecular N----H-O hydrogen bond. Ring D of both of these alkaloids exists in a boat form. Unambiguous proton and carbon-13 nmr assignments for delphisine, 1-epi-delphisine and delphinine have been made by a detailed analysis of the DEPT, COSY, HETCOR, COLOC, DIFNOE, and selective INEPT nmr techniques.
A Systematic Method for the Design of Piezostack Actuator Integrated Robots for High-Speed and Precision Operation:

The operating speed and precision of robot manipulators are limited by the dynamic response limitations of their actuators. The kinematics and dynamics of robot manipulators with revolute joints are highly nonlinear. As a result, an even greater demand is placed on the dynamic response of the prime actuators since the actuating torques required for accurate tracking of a desired trajectory must contain a significant number of higher harmonics of the joint trajectory harmonics. In this paper, a systematic method is presented for optimal integration of active materials based actuators into the structure of robot manipulators for the purpose of minimizing the higher harmonic components of the required actuating torques. Through computer simulation, it is shown that with low harmonic joint trajectories and by minimizing the higher harmonic components of the actuating torques with properly sized and positioned smart actuators, robot manipulators can operate at higher speeds, with greater tracking precision and...
Factors Affecting Improvement on the American Board of Surgery In-Training Exam (ABSITE)

Abstract Background. American Board of Surgery In-Training Exam (ABSITE) performance can be used to assess resident knowledge and to evaluate surgical curriculum. To determine factors that lead to improved resident ABSITE performance, a prospective study was performed. Materials and methods. Thirty-four surgical residents in Program Years 2–5 completed pre- and a post-ABSITE questionnaires about their anxiety, self-efficacy, physical preparation, and academic preparation for the ABSITE. Department records were used to determine resident probationary status and conference attendance. A preliminary analysis of ABSITE scores indicated a significant improvement between 1998 and 1999 percentile scores (paired t = −2.25, P = 0.03; m = 11.9, SD = 30.5, median = 7). An improvement in percentile rank score was calculated and used as the dependent variable in a stepwise regression analysis. The following served as independent variables: previous exam performance, anxiety, probationary status, amount of sleep before exam, confidence to score in the 25th and the 50th percentiles, and attendance at the three conferences rated most valuable by the residents. Results. Results of the regression analysis demonstrate that all factors account for 62.3% of the variance in improvement scores. A stepwise analysis indicated that the combination of attendance (40.2%) and previous performance (18.3%) was significant in explaining 58.5% of the variance in improvement scores. Furthermore, Pearson's correlations indicated that probationary status (+.58, P = 0.001), anxiety (+0.53, P = 0.001), amount of study (+0.61, P = 0.001), past ABSITE performance (−0.60, P = 0.001), and conference attendance (+0.56, P = 0.001) were correlated with ABSITE improvement. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that resident individual effort, past ABSITE performance, and academic conference attendance have led to resident ABSITE improvement.
Novel tools for localizing ion channels in living cells

This is an exciting time in the development of techniques to examine ion channel distributions in cells and tissues. As outlined above, novel fluorescent, functional and structural tools are being developed for microscopic and even nanoscopic localization. Following recent discoveries of channel structural components and biophysical mechanisms of permeation and gating, such techniques will be crucial for a new wave of ion channel studies. These will seek to determine exact locations of ion channels and specific patterns of their membrane localization and co-localization with underlying structures as well as the temporal sequence of events of channel biogenesis.
Effects of a magnetic field on the surface conductance of germanium

Abstract A.C. field effect measurements on etched 40 Ω cm n -type germanium are reported. The surface potential was varied by means of the capacitively applied electric field over the range −2.25 to +1.25 (in dimensionless units of eφ kT ); the corresponding values of the density of charge trapped in surface states ranged from approximately +0.9 to −3.2 (in units of 10 −9 C cm −2 ). The surface was slightly n -type and the field effect mobility was found to be 200 cm 2 V −1 sec −1 . Measurements were also made in the presence of a magnetic field transverse to both the sample drift current and the oscillating electric field. In fields ranging from zero to 9.00 kOe, in both normal and reverse senses, the field effect mobility varied from 1.9 × 10 3 ( p -type) to 2.2 × 10 3 ( n -type) cm 2 V −1 sec t1 .
A non-equilibrium surface reservoir approach for hybrid DSMC/Navier-Stokes particle generation

An approach for the generation of particles at a hybrid Navier-Stokes/DSMC interface is presented for simple gases and gas mixtures with internal degrees of freedom. DSMC particles generated at a hybrid boundary are assigned thermal velocities using a non-equilibrium surface reservoir approach, in which the fluxes of mass, momentum and energy determined from the Navier-Stokes solution are used to prescribe the appropriate velocity distribution function used in the DSMC particle generation. The non-equilibrium surface reservoir approach is first outlined for a simple (single-species, monatomic) gas, and is then extended to gas mixtures with internal degrees of freedom, in which additional diffusion and internal heat flux terms are included in the Generalized Chapman-Enskog formulation of the perturbation. The significance of the diffusion, shear stress and heat flux breakdown parameters used to compute the perturbation are examined at a hybrid interface within non-equilibrium boundary layer flow, as well as within the breakdown region near a normal shock, in a five-species air gas mixture. The validity of the Chapman-Enskog perturbation at each of these hybrid interfaces is assessed by comparison with the Generalized Chapman-Enskog perturbations. Although a hybrid flowfield solution is not presented, this work provides a rigorous approach for non-equilibrium particle generation involving general hybrid particle/continuum studies of hypersonic flows.
Reducing slurry agglomeration with low shear filtration

This study will focus on the agglomerate behavior of major abrasives (colloidal silica and ceria) and show the benefits of proper filter selection for slurry quality control.
Toward sustaining professional development: Identifying essential competencies for chat reference service

This study identifies the essential chat reference competencies to enhance the professional preparation of reference personnel. A survey was conducted to examine practitioners' perceptions of chat reference competencies reported in the literature. A prioritized competency list was produced based on the survey results. The investigated competencies could be divided into four categories: media-independent core reference competencies, reference competencies highlighted in the context of chat reference, reference competencies specific to chat reference, and reference competencies not as important in chat reference. Competencies in the first three categories received ratings higher than 5.5 (out of 7) and can be defined as the essential competencies requisite for chat reference practice. Findings from this study can be used as the basis to design and implement training and education programs to enhance the professional preparation of chat reference librarians.
Molecular evidence for the evolution of photosynthesis.

Abstract Photosynthesis is a complex metabolic process that originated on the early Earth. Recently reported evidence based on the molecular evolutionary analysis of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway suggests that the photosystem in the anoxygenic purple photosynthetic bacteria is the most ancient known, and that the photosynthetic apparatus in the oxygen-evolving cyanobacteria and relatives was the most recent to appear. This and other evidence indicate that photosynthesis has had a complex and nonlinear evolutionary history and that different parts of the photosynthetic apparatus have distinct evolutionary origins.
A kinetic analysis of the inhibition of rat and bovine trypsins by naturally occurring protease inhibitors

The dissociation constants (Ki) of the interaction of 10 naturally occurring inhibitors with rat anionic and bovine trypsins were determined employing three independent methods. Both enzymes bound very tightly (Ki less than 10(-9)) to bovine pancreatic, lima bean, and the Kunitz soybean inhibitors. With the exception of ovomucoid, rat trypsin bound more tightly than bovine trypsin to inhibitors derived from navy bean, lima bean, soybean (Bowman-Birk) and potato and to ovoinhibitor, leupeptin and antipain. These findings emphasize the caution that must be exercised in the interpretation of experiments involving the inhibition of trypsins from heterologous species of animals by naturally occurring inhibitors.
Reburning thermal and chemical processes in a two-dimensional pilot-scale system

An experimental investigation of the thermal and chemical processes influencing NO reduction by natural gas reburning, or fuel staging, in a two-dimensional pilot-scale combustion system is described. Reburning effectiveness for initial NO levels ranging from 50 to 500 ppm and reburn stoichiometric ratios ranging from 0.75 to 1.0 was evaluated in the low temperature environment (less than 1500 K) and simple aerodynamics of a firetube package boiler. Both exhaust and in-flame measurements are reported to provide insight into the controlling kinetic mechanisms. An overall reaction order with respect to initial NO between 1.5 and 1.6 was observed. N2 formation was observed to occur in both the fuel-rich reburning and fuel-lean burnout zones. NO destruction in the reburning zone is attributed to the reaction CH+ NO→HCN+O, with less than 1 ppm CH radical required to produce the observed trends in nitrogenous species. Burnout zone N2 formation is influenced by total fixed nitrogen speciation, with low fractional conversion of HCN and NH3 observed. Under low primary NO conditions, N2 destruction by hydrocarbon reaction becomes significant, resulting in reduced reburning effectiveness.
Correlation between different measures of exposure in a cohort of bakery workers and flour millers

This paper describes the relationship between continuous and 'grouped' variables for several measures of exposure in a longitudinal study of bakery workers and flour millers. Average shift and peak levels, both for dust and for flour aeroallergen were measured, duration of exposure obtained from questionnaire and cumulative exposure both for dust and for flour aeroallergen calculated. Neither for dust nor for flour aeroallergen was there a correlation between duration of exposure and intensity measures of exposure (peak and average). Moderate to good correlation existed between the various intensity measures of exposures both for dust and for flour aeroallergen. Good correlations existed between measures of exposure of dust and measures of exposure for flour aeroallergen. The degree of correlation was reflected by the fact that the number of workers changing categories depended on which measure of exposure was considered. The higher the correlation coefficient between various measures of exposure the fewer workers changed category. This information provides important information for a better understanding of the exposure-response relationship amongst bakery workers and flour millers.
A pediatric cervical spine clearance protocol to reduce radiation exposure in children

Background: To minimize radiation exposure in children and reduce resource use, we implemented an age-specific algorithm to evaluate cervical spine injuries at a Level 1 trauma center. The effects of protocol implementation on computed tomography (CT) use in children (� 10 y) were determined. Methods: With institutionalreviewboard approval,weconducted a retrospectivereviewusing the institutional trauma registry. All pediatric patients (� 10 y) (n ¼ 324) between January 2007 and present were reviewed. We excluded cases in which no imaging or outside imaging was performed. Patients were evaluated by physical exam alone, with the aid of plain radiograms or with cervical spine CT. All patients who required head CT also had CT of cervical spine to C3. We analyzed demographic, injury, and outcome data using STATA to perform chi-square and t-test, and to determineP value.P 80%. We extrapolated the combined effect results in a threefold reduction in radiation exposure. Conclusions: Implementation of a cervical spine protocol led to a significant reduction in radiation exposure among children.