cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Justice and personality: Using integrative theories to derive moderators of justice effects ☆

Abstract Although organizational justice has been shown to have behavioral consequences, there remains a surprising amount of variation in how individuals react to fair and unfair treatment. The present study drew on three integrative theories in the justice literature—fairness heuristic theory, uncertainty management theory, and fairness theory—to identify personality traits that could explain such variation. From these theories, we identified trust propensity, risk aversion, and morality (rooted in circumplex models of personality) as potential moderators. A laboratory study provided some support for the prediction that the three traits moderate the effects of procedural, interpersonal, and distributive justice on task performance and counterproductive behavior. The moderating effects of the three traits explained more variance in the outcomes than moderators based in the justice literature (equity sensitivity, sensitivity to befallen injustice) or the five-factor model of personality. Taken together, the results suggest that the three integrative theories can inform the search for personality-based moderators of justice effects.
Decidual cell reaction induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha in the mature oöphorectomized rat.

Sprague-Dawley rats were oophorectomized and after a 2-3 week recovery period were given daily injections of progesterone (2.0 mg/0.1 ml) for six consecutive days. On the fourth day of progesterone treatment 0.2 microgram of estradiol 17 beta was given in addition and the right uterine cornua were subjected to one of five experimental maneuvers. On the sixth day of progesterone treatment the uterine cornua were weighed and processed for light and electron microscopy. The weights of all left cornua (84.6 +/- 3.7 mg) and the right cornua of PBS-injected (93.3 +/- 11.5 mg) and sham operated uteri (83.6 +/- 19.8 mg) were comparable. A significant increase (p less than 0.001) in weight was found in cornua that received PGF2 alpha (144 +/- 6.7 mg), PGF2 alpha with mild local trauma (scratch) (146 +/- 28.0 mg), and scratch alone (162 +/- 12.7 mg). The majority to cornua treated by scratch alone, or by PGF2 alpha with or without scratch, showed a decidual cell reaction by light microscopy and had a significantly higher mitotic index than those treated with saline, or by sham operation. When specimens were evaluated for the presence of the DCR, the highest rank was found in tissues treated by scratch alone or by PGF2 alpha with or without scratch. Morphometric evaluation by light microscopy indicated that the extent of decidualization in PGF2 alpha-treated tissue was comparable to that of scratch-treated tissue. Ultrastructural observation of PGF2 alpha-treated tissue revealed that decidual cells closely resembled those treated with scratch. However, electron microscopic morphometry revealed that cells that responded to PGF2 alpha had higher volume and surface densities of organelles associated with metabolic activity than did cells responding to scratch alone. These results demonstrate that locally administered PGF2 alpha can initiate, in the hormonally prepared mature oophorectomized rat, a DCR comparable to that induced by local trauma.
Analysis of a millimeter-wave integrated electro-optic modulator with a periodic electrode

A millimeter wave integrated lithium niobate modulator, consisting of a titanium diffused optical waveguide Mach-Zender interferometer and a traveling wave coplanar waveguide electrode with periodic series stubs, is analyzed through the application of Floquet's theorem. First, a design equation for the modulator is derived by expanding the RF signal along the optical waveguide into space harmonics and then matching the velocity of the dominant space harmonic to the velocity of the optical signal. Then, the frequency response of the modulator is found by integrating, over the modulator's length, the local optical phase shifts that are electro-optically induced by all of the RF space harmonics. Finally, it is shown how the concepts developed here for an ideal (no reflections) periodic structure can be applied to the experimental determination of the modulator response by characterizing isolated unit sections of a real electrode. This approach has the added advantage of facilitating RF inmpedance matching to the modulator.
Longitudinal field imaging

The focused radially polarized Cylindrical Vector (CV) beam has been found to have a strong longitudinal field component at focus in the direction of propagation of the beam. It has been shown that this field component can be used to excite a second harmonic (SH) signal at a surface interface. Th spatial intensity profile that excites the SH signal has ben predicted to have a smaller lateral extent than a similarly focused linearly polarized beam. The possibility to use this longitudinal field component for SH surface imaging is investigated.
Intracellular distribution and role of carbonic anhydrase in the avian (Gallus domesticus) shell gland mucosa.

Abstract 1. 1. The enzyme, carbonic anhydrase (carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1), has been studied in the mucosal cells of the avian ( Gallus domesticus ) shell gland and has been found to be a soluble constituent of these cells. 2. 2. Mitochondrial and microsomal fractions showed very low and non-fluctuating levels of carbonic anhydrase activity. These findings support a non-membrane-attached, intracellular role for the enzyme. 3. 3. Intramuscular injections of the specific inhibitor, acetazolamide, were correlated with decreases of enzymatic activity in the mucosal cells and with decreases in egg shell weight. These results have been interpreted to indicate an intimate association of the enzyme in the shell gland mucosal cells with CaCO 3 deposition. 4. 4. The fine structure of the shell gland mucosa in normal and acetazolamide-treated laying hens did not reveal ultrastructural changes in conjunction with carbonic anhydrase inhibition. 5. 5. A model of the mode of action of carbonic anhydrase in the shell gland mucosa is discussed .
Working with Children and Families Who Have Survived Natural Disasters: Exploring Substance Abuse and Other Risk Factors

Holleran Steiker: The relationship between trauma and substance abuse has long been established in social work practice and related research (Goeders, 2003). According to experts in the area of pos...
Evolution of Neck Dissection for Improved Functional Outcome

Neck dissection plays a crucial role in the management of metastatic neck disease. Until recently, radical neck dissection has been the standard treatment for malignant cervical adenopathy irrespective of the nodal staging. However, in recent years, there has been a trend toward the development of more conservative operations, wherein certain nonlymphatic structures and lymph node groups can be selectively preserved. Radical neck dissection still remains the surgical standard against which various modifications must be compared. The need to perform more conservative surgery comes from the realization that the radical operation is attended by significant postoperative morbidity, and that some of the structures removed in the course of this operation can actually be preserved without any compromise in oncologic safety. The purpose of this article is to discuss the evolution of conservation surgery in the management of metastatic neck disease, define the clinical applications of various types of neck dissection, and evaluate the implications of these conservation approaches on preservation of function.
A sensitive and selective fluorescence sensor for the detection of arsenic(III) in organic media.

Arsenic contamination is a leading environmental problem. As such, levels of this toxic metalloid must be constantly monitored by reliable and low-cost methodologies. Because the currently accepted upper limit for arsenic in water is 10 ppb, very sensitive and selective detection strategies must be developed. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of a fluorescent chemical probe, namely, ArsenoFluor1, which is the first example of a chemosensor for As3+ detection in organic solvents at 298 K. AF1 exhibits a 25-fold fluorescence increase in the presence of As3+ at λem = 496 nm in THF, which is selective for As3+ over other biologically relevant ions (such as Na+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+) and displays a sub-ppb detection limit.
Structural Characterization of the Dual Glycan Binding Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 6

The three-dimensional structure of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 6 (AAV6) was determined using cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction and using X-ray crystallography to 9.7- and 3.0-A resolution, respectively. The AAV6 capsid contains a highly conserved, eight-stranded (βB to βI) β-barrel core and large loop regions between the strands which form the capsid surface, as observed in other AAV structures. The loops show conformational variation compared to other AAVs, consistent with previous reports that amino acids in these loop regions are involved in differentiating AAV receptor binding, transduction efficiency, and antigenicity properties. Toward structure-function annotation of AAV6 with respect to its unique dual glycan receptor (heparan sulfate and sialic acid) utilization for cellular recognition, and its enhanced lung epithelial transduction compared to other AAVs, the capsid structure was compared to that of AAV1, which binds sialic acid and differs from AAV6 in only 6 out of 736 amino acids. Five of these residues are located at or close to the icosahedral 3-fold axis of the capsid, thereby identifying this region as imparting important functions, such as receptor attachment and transduction phenotype. Two of the five observed amino acids are located in the capsid interior, suggesting that differential AAV infection properties are also controlled by postentry intracellular events. Density ordered inside the capsid, under the 3-fold axis in a previously reported, conserved AAV DNA binding pocket, was modeled as a nucleotide and a base, further implicating this capsid region in AAV genome recognition and/or stabilization.
Parallel sensing of metallic wear debris in lubricants using undersampling data processing

Abstract Online lubricant monitoring requires a debris sensor that can rapidly detect wear debris in a large volume of lubricants. To meet this need, we present a fluidic oil debris sensor using parallel multiple sensing channels for detecting metallic wear debris. Each sensing element is comprised of a two-layer planar coil and a meso-scale fluidic pipe crossing its center. The detection of metallic debris is based on inductive Coulter counting principle. The use of multiple parallel channels allows the sensor to process a large amount of lubricants without sacrificing the detection sensitivity. An undersampling process was performed on the voltage signal across each sensing planar coil to enable rapid measurement of inductance changes caused by the presence of metallic debris in all sensing channels. The testing results using iron and copper particles ranging in size from 75 to 150 μm have demonstrated that the device is capable of processing 21 ml lubricants per minute while detecting ferrous and nonferrous metallic debris at a high throughput. The crosstalk among the seven channels was analyzed and found to be negligible. A much higher throughput can be reached by using a large number of sensing channels to fulfill the needs for online monitoring of lubrication oils.
The Contribution of Existenz-Philosophie

The purpose of this paper is to offer a brief description of Existenz-philosophie as it appears in the work of three men—Kierkegaard, Heidegger, and Jaspers—and to make a few critical comments. One special obstacle should be noted at the start. A summary always misses the particular shades of meaning which an author brings out as he develops his theme in his own words, and in this philosophy it is the special nuances which are particularly important. Existenz is in fact as much like poetry as it is like philosophy, and a large part of its flavor is lost when it is translated into plodding prose. It makes less, that is to say, of the appeal to objective, verifiable truth than of subjective experience in its individual aspect. So far as it makes use of universal, communicable forms these are aesthetic rather than intellectual, and resemble more nearly the imaginative projections of a Schopenhauer or a Nietzsche than the logical essences of, say, a Plato. This appears to be true even in Heidegger's case in spite of the fact that he inherited from his master, Husserl, an interest in the bracketed, “reduced” logical essence which is reminiscent of the Platonic form. In Heidegger's hands Phanomenologie by becoming Existenz has turned from the logical to the more imaginative and emotional side of experience. Existenz is thus a poetic and philosophical attempt to describe the subjective experiences of religion, and as such it depends for much of its appeal on its own medium of expression.
Reagan's safety net for the truly needy: The rhetorical uses of definition

Faced with the need to appeal simultaneously for continuity and change, Ronald Reagan dissociated the concept of need, producing the phrase “truly needy.” Successive redefinitions of this term and the phrase “safety net” are examined by the authors, as they trace the persuasive definitions whose connotative dimensions remain constant while their denotative meanings change in successive administration messages.
Postseismic Rebound in Fault Step-Overs Caused by Pore Fluid Flow

Near-field strain induced by large crustal earthquakes results in changes in pore fluid pressure that dissipate with time and produce surface deformation. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry revealed several centimeters of postseismic uplift in pull-apart structures and subsidence in a compressive jog along the Landers, California, 1992 earthquake surface rupture, with a relaxation time of 270 ± 45 days. Such a postseismic rebound may be explained by the transition of the Poisson's ratio of the deformed volumes of rock from undrained to drained conditions as pore fluid flow allows pore pressure to return to hydrostatic equilibrium.
Blood Components Prevent Sulfide Poisoning of Respiration of the Hydrothermal Vent Tube Worm Riftia pachyptila

Respiration of plume tissue of the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila is insensitive to sulfide poisoning in contrast to tissues of animals that do not inhabit vents. Permeability barriers may not be responsible for this insensitivity since plume homogenates are also resistant to sulfide poisoning. Cytochrome c oxidase of plume, however, is strongly inhibited by sulfide at concentrations less than 10 microM. Factors present in blood, but not in cytosol, prevent sulfide from inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase. Avoidance of sulfide poisoning of respiration in Riftia pachyptila thus appears to involve a blood-borne factor having a higher sulfide affinity than that of cytochrome c oxidase, with the result that appreciable amounts of free sulfide are prevented from accumulating in the blood and entering the intracellular compartment.
Saint Elsewhere: German and English Reactions to Mendelssohn's Paulus

This article examines German and English reactions to Felix Mendelssohn's 1836 oratorio, Paulus . German Protestant audiences recognized Paulus 's devotional, or spiritual, quality, which derived from its incorporation of well-known Lutheran chorales. In using chorales and reflective arias and choruses, Mendelssohn followed the model established by Johann Sebastian Bach in his St. Matthew Passion , a work that Mendelssohn had reintroduced to German audiences in 1829. When Paulus was premiered for English audiences in a translation called St. Paul , it was enthusiastically received. But these audiences misunderstood St. Paul 's devotional elements, for several reasons. Not only were English audiences unfamiliar with both Bach's music and the Lutheran chorale, they also expected oratorios to follow the model established by Handel. As such, English audiences were confused by those places in St. Paul where the present-day audience is called to reflect and attempted to attribute these numbers to characters in the drama. Mendelssohn responded to this confusion when writing his next oratorio, Elias (or Elijah ), in which he hewed more closely to the Handelian model.
Constraints on the radio-loud/radio-quiet dichotomy from the Fundamental Plane

The fundamental plane for black hole activity constitutes a tight correlation between jet power, X-ray luminosity, and black hole mass. Under the assumption that a Blandford-Znajek-type mechanism, which relies on black hole spin, contributes non-negligibly to jet production, the sufficiently small scatter in the fundamental plane shows that black hole spin differences of $\mid$$\Delta$a$\mid \sim$1 are not typical among the active galactic nuclei population. If $-$ as it seems $-$ radio loud and radio quiet objects are both faithful to the fundamental plane, models of black hole accretion in which the radio loud/radio quiet dichotomy is based on a spin dichotomy of a$\sim$1/a$\sim$0, respectively, are difficult to reconcile with the observations. We show how recent theoretical work based on differences in accretion flow orientation between retrograde and prograde, accommodates a small scatter in the fundamental plane for objects that do have non-negligible differences in black hole spin values. We also show that the dichotomy in spin between the most radio loud and the most radio quiet involves $\mid$$\Delta$a$\mid \approx$0. And, finally, we show how the picture that produces compatibility with the fundamental plane, also allows one to interpret other otherwise puzzling observations of jets across the mass scale including 1) the recently observed inverse relation between radio and X-rays at higher Eddington ratios in both black hole X-ray binaries as well as active galactic nuclei and 2) the apparent contradiction between jet power and black hole spin observed in X-ray hard and transitory burst states in X-ray binaries.
Subject expectations of treatment effectiveness and outcome of treatment with an experimental antidepressant.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between treatment expectations and response in a 9-week, single-blind experimental antidepressant treatment study. METHOD Twenty-five adult subjects meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores of >/= 17 completed a treatment trial using the experimental antidepressant reboxetine. Following a 1-week placebo lead-in, subjects received single-blind treatment for 8 weeks with reboxetine 8 to 10 mg/day. During the screening visit, subjects were asked to self-rate their expectations of the effectiveness of the study medication. Forced-choice responses were "not at all effective," "somewhat effective," or "very effective." Response to treatment was defined as a final HAM-D score of </= 10 at the end of the 9-week trial. Data were collected from October 1999 to July 2001. RESULTS Subjects with a higher pretreatment expectation of medication effectiveness had a greater likelihood of response. Of the subjects who reported an expectation that the medication would be very effective, 90.0% (N = 9) responded to treatment, while only 33.3% (N = 5) of those who reported expecting medication to be somewhat effective responded to treatment (chi(2) = 7.819, p <.005). There was no association between the level of depression severity, duration of current episode, number of prior episodes, or basic demographic factors and treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that individuals with high baseline expectations of improvement demonstrate a significantly higher level of response to reboxetine than those with lower expectations of improvement with treatment. The data in this study suggest that a subject's expectation of efficacy is associated with the outcome of experimental antidepressant treatment.
Anomalous left coronary artery from the right coronary cusp with gene positive apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case report and literature review

In the United States, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery anomalies account for the leading two causes of sudden death in athletes. We present a case of a patient with an anomalous origin of the left main from the right coronary sinus with associated gene-confirmed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The patient underwent surgical repair with unroofing of the intramural portion of the left main coronary artery with a good result. We also review the reported cases in the medical literature describing this uncommon association between anomalous coronary artery origin and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Conservation and climate change: the challenges ahead.

Climatic changes in the distant past were driven by natural causes, such as variations in the Earth’s orbit or the carbon dioxide (CO2) content of the atmosphere. Today, and even more so in the future, climatic changes have another driver as well: human activities (IPCC 1996). The natural greenhouse effect from clouds, water vapor, and CO2, primarily, is responsible for some 33◦ C of surface warming. Human use of the atmosphere to dump gaseous wastes adds to the natural greenhouse gases and is typically projected to result in a global warming of about 1.5◦–6◦ C in the next century (IPCC 2001a). This range— especially if beyond 1–2◦ C—could result in ecologically significant changes (Thomas et al., 2004), which is why climatic considerations are fundamental in the discussion of conservation strategies for the twenty-first century. The transition from extensive glaciations of the Ice Age to more hospitable landscapes of the Holocene took from 5,000 to 10,000 years, during which time the average global temperature increased 5–7◦ C and the sea level rose some 100 m. Thus, we estimate that over the last 20,000 years, the natural rates of warming on a sustained global basis are about 0.5◦–1.5◦ C/thousand years. There is, however, evidence amassing of regional, rapid (i.e., abrupt nonlinear) changes as well (e.g., Schneider 2004 provides an overview). Both the slower and more rapid changes radically influenced where species lived and their extinction rates. Climate change was a potential contributor—along with hunting and other human activities—to the extinctions of woolly mammoths, saber tooth cats, and enormous salamanders. During the last Ice Age, most of Canada was under ice. Pollen cores indicate that as the ice receded, boreal trees moved northward “chasing” the ice cap (i.e., moving with the warming temperature). But did the species within the boreal tree community shift in lock-step with the trees?
Enhancing the “Stickiness” of Bile Acids to Cross-Linked Polymers: A Bioconjugate Approach to the Design of Bile Acid Sequestrants

A series of cross-linked polymers have been synthesized by reaction of 2% cross-linked, chloromethylated polystyrene with a tertiary amine derivative (7) of cholic acid (prepared by reaction of cholic acid methyl ester with N,N-dimethyl-ethylenediamine), followed by exhaustive quaternization with trimethylamine. Increased loadings of 7 result in enhanced binding of taurocholate ion and a decrease in its rate of release upon exposure to 50 mM aqueous NaCl. Examination of particle-size effects indicates that film diffusion and particle diffusion both contribute to the observed kinetics. Interruption tests that were carried out confirmed that particle diffusion is kinetically important. The relevance of this bioconjugate approach to the design of bile acid sequestrants for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia is briefly discussed.
Peer Review for Advanced Practice Nurses: What Does It Really Mean?

Peer review has multiple manifestations and purposes. Two stated purposes are the demonstration of professionalism and clinical competency. The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing peer-review as a process for evaluating the care provided by an individual according to accepted standards. Further, the ANA proposes that nurses with similar rank and clinical expertise should conduct these evaluations. Some local jurisdictions may also mandate that advanced practice nurses (APNs) review one another's care. Therefore, APNs should become familiar with sources for evaluation criteria and tool formats for APN peer review. The advantages and limitations of the various formats and processes of peer review should also be considered.
The Low Literate Consumer

Almost half of all consumers read below a sixth-grade level, yet we know little about how these consumers get their needs met in the marketplace. The goal of this qualitative study was to examine the intersection of literacy skills and consumption activities and identify the coping strategies that low literate consumers employ. Those informants who could challenge the stigma of low literacy and employ a range of coping skills were better able to get their needs met. Thus, consumer literacy is conceptualized as a social practice that includes reading and writing skills but also involves the ability to manage one's identity and leverage personal, situational, and social coping skills.
Goodness-of-Fit Statistics for the Exponential Distribution When the Data are Grouped

In many industrial and biological experiments, the recorded data consist of the number of observations falling in an interval. In this paper, we develop two test statistics to test whether the grouped observations come from an exponential distribution. Following the procedure of Damianou and Kemp (1990), Kolmogrov-Smirnov type statistics are developed with the maximum likelihood estimator of the scale parameter substituted for the true unknown scale. The asymptotic theory for both the statistics is studied and power studies carried out via simulations.
Musings About Beauty

In this essay, I explore how cognitive science could illuminate the concept of beauty. Two results from the extensive literature on aesthetics guide my discussion. As the term “beauty” is overextended in general usage, I choose as my starting point the notion of “perfect form.” Aesthetic theorists are in reasonable agreement about the criteria for perfect form. What do these criteria imply for mental representations that are experienced as beautiful? Complexity theory can be used to specify constraints on mental representations abstractly formulated as vectors in a high-dimensional space. A central feature of the proposed model is that perfect form depends both on features of the objects or events perceived and on the nature of the encoding strategies or model of the observer. A simple example illustrates the proposed calculations. A number of interesting implications that arise as a consequence of reformulating beauty in this way are noted.
Mechanism of Ozone Decomposition on a Manganese Oxide Catalyst. 2. Steady-State and Transient Kinetic Studies

This paper presents an in-depth study of the mechanism of ozone decomposition on a manganese oxide catalyst as studied by in situ Raman spectroscopy and kinetic measurements. In the companion paper...
On the mechanism of hematite deposition on a metal surface under nucleate boiling conditions

Abstract The deposition of colloidal hematite particles on a stainless steel surface under nucleate boiling conditions at 100°C was studied using video and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Deposition was found to occur primarily at the interface boundary of the gas-bubble-liquid-solid (heated surface). The amount of deposit depended mainly on the size of the bubble and its residence time on the surface. Particle-bubble collisions apparently result in attachment of the particles to the bubble because of their hydrophobic nature and subsequent accumulation at the triple interface. These results suggest a mechanism of deposition which is different from the generally employed microlayer evaporation model. A “Partiubble Theory” which emphasizes the central role of particle-bubble interaction in the deposition of hydrophobic hematite suspensions appears more appropriate and is suggested.
Revisiting higher-order and large-scale chromatin organization

The past several years has seen increasing appreciation for plasticity of higher-level chromatin folding. Four distinct '30nm' chromatin fiber structures have been identified, while new in situ imaging approaches have questioned the universality of 30nm chromatin fibers as building blocks for chromosome folding in vivo. 3C-based approaches have provided a non-microscopic, genomic approach to investigating chromosome folding while uncovering a plethora of long-distance cis interactions difficult to accommodate in traditional hierarchical chromatin folding models. Recent microscopy based studies have suggested complex topologies co-existing within linear interphase chromosome structures. These results call for a reappraisal of traditional models of higher-level chromatin folding.
Analysis of products at reaction sites by fluorescence microspectroscopy using the f-NSOM technique

Reaction products at inclusion sites on Al 2024 have been analyzed in the early stage of pitting by fluorescence microspectroscopy via functional near-field scanning optical microscopy (f-NSOM). From the invariant peak position on the f-NSOM fluorescence spectra at various reaction sites, it appears that the Al oxyhydroxide matrix surrounding the fluorescein dye species is uniform in composition and structure, independent of location. Furthermore, changes in the peak intensity at these sites were proportional to the height of the product deposit. This means that the fluorescein is bound at sites in the product that are uniformly distributed. In addition, the number of binding sites is proportional to the thickness of the product. The chemical analysis of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for the inclusion at each ring core revealed that both the height and intensity of the product rings around Mg-enriched Al-Cu-Mg inclusions were greater in value than that around Mg-deficient inclusions and simultaneously enhanced with increasing width. This originates from the spontaneous Al oxyhydroxide precipitation triggered by vigorous dealloying Mg ions from the large-sized inclusion with high initial content of Mg.
Calculation of Clebsch-Gordan and Racah coefficients using symbolic manipulatio n programs

A procedure for calculating Clebsch--Gordan and Racah coefficients arising from the decomposition of n-fold tensor products of the U(N) groups using symbolic manipulation programs is given. Basic states are realized as polynomials in a space equipped with a differentiation inner product. The desired coefficients are then obtained by differentiating the relevant polynomials. Examples from SU(2) and SU(3) are given. copyright 1989 Academic Press, Inc.
Posttherapy imaging of musculoskeletal neoplasms

Posttreatment imaging is important to ensure early detection of oncological complications, and appropriate timing and frequency is an important consideration, especially in high-risk patients. Focused magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the preferred modality for detection of local recurrence of soft tissue tumors and is also used in high-risk osteosarcoma. Although posttreatment changes can mimic or obscure local recurrence on MR imaging, a systematic approach and knowledge of the features of recurrence versus therapeutic change allows differentiation in almost all cases. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography is also emerging as an important problem-solving tool in local recurrence and in metastatic surveillance.
Intragroup Cohesiveness and Reciprocal Social Influence in Male and Female Discussion Groups

Abstract The impact of intragroup agreement on social pressure in small discussion groups was investigated. Cohesion was induced in 50% of 54 all-male or all-female American college student discussion groups by establishing agreement among group members' opinions on four controversial social issues. Conflict was introduced with a subsequent topic on which one member disagreed with all others. The remaining groups had no opportunity to establish group cohesion prior to encountering group disagreement. The group task was to achieve a consensus opinion on the disagreement topic. Postdiscussion group attraction ratings confirmed that establishing prior agreements among group members increased group cohesion. Opinion rating data indicated that both male and female groups exhibited the greatest opinion change by deviates when cohesion was low and consensus was required. Results provided evidence that increased cohesion attenuated social pressure on the deviate. The findings supported Hollander's theory of idios...
Atmospheric chemistry: Thwarting the seeds of clouds.

Atmospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons emitted from plants leads to the formation of aerosol particles that affect cloud properties. Contrary to what was thought, this process might add to global warming.
Case 2: Recurrent fever and thrombocytopenia in a 4-year-old girl.

1. Gwenn Skar, MD 2. Jessica Snowden, MD 1. Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. A 4-year-old girl presents with recurrent fevers for 5 weeks. During the first episode, she had a headache, body aches, and one episode of diarrhea and temperatures reaching 106.0°F (41.1°C). She was evaluated in the emergency department and diagnosed as having a viral syndrome. Her symptoms resolved after 3 days. After 10 days without fever, she again had high temperatures with chills, headache, body aches, and one episode of emesis. The patient was admitted and found to have significant thrombocytopenia (platelets, 44 × 103/μL [44 × 109/L]), mild anemia (hemoglobin, 9.5 g/dL [95 g/L]), and an elevated C-reactive protein level (25.5 mg/L). Blood and urine culture results were negative. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed mild splenomegaly, but findings were otherwise unremarkable. Her symptoms resolved after 3 days without antibiotics, and she was discharged. She had 2 subsequent episodes of fever, the most recent resolving 5 days before her clinic appointment. She has no other symptoms associated with these episodes except anorexia and a 1-lb weight loss. She has no sick contacts with similar symptoms. The patient and her family spent 2 weeks in Colorado hiking and staying in a cabin in June, returning 1 week before her first febrile episode. During that trip, she …
Tumor of the heart in a young woman; a rare manifestation of Wegener granulomatosis

Wegener granulomatosis may rarely present with tumor masses that are in areas not typically involved by the disease. Although some cases have an associated positive anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies, other cases do not, especially those of the limited form. To prevent misdiagnosis and ensure prompt treatment, it is extremely important to consider Wegener granulomatosis even in cases without the classic clinical findings. We report a case of a 19-year-old woman with no prior significant medical history who presented with persistent ventricular tachycardia and a papillary muscle mass in her left ventricle which upon excision and tissue evaluation demonstrated histologic changes of Wegener granulomatosis.
Potential involvement of calcium, CaM kinase II, and MAP kinases in PCB-stimulated insulin release from RINm5F cells.

Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that induce release of insulin in rat insulinoma cells, RINm5F (Fischer et al., Life Sci. (1996) 59, 2041–2049). In the present study the mechanisms of this effect were investigated using noncytotoxic concentrations (10 μg/ml) of a PCB mixture, Aroclor-1254, and the pure PCB congeners 2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl. Treatment of RINm5F cells with each of these agents resulted in a rapid increase in intracellular free calcium. The presence of extracellular calcium was required for PCB-induced insulin release because removal of calcium from the medium attenuated the effect. In addition, pretreatment of RINm5F cells with the calcium channel blocker verapamil also blocked PCB-induced insulin release. To determine whether PCB-related insulin release could be associated with the enzyme, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaM kinase II), RINm5F cells were pretreated with the CaM kinase II inhibitor KN-93. PCB-induced insulin release was completely blocked by KN-93. Under similar treatment conditions, PCBs also induced the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) 1 and 2. However, inhibition of MAPK activation by a specific inhibitor, PD-98059 (10.0 μM) did not prevent insulin release induced by PCBs. The results of the present investigation suggest a role for calcium and CaM kinase II in PCB-induced insulin release. Furthermore, the results suggest that insulin release by PCBs is independent of the activation of MAPKs.
Drainage of Aqueous Foams: Generation-Pressure and Cell-Size Effects

The physical characteristics of aqueous foams make them excellent candidates for drilling fluids in geothermal formations. A major concern in this application is the foam-forming ability of a surfactant system in the harsh geothermal environment. While investigating the stability of various foams in an autoclave, we observed a dramatic increase in drainage times with increasing generation pressure, even though the liquid volume fraction of the foam was held constant. This effect appears to result from a decrease in cell size with increasing autoclave pressure and therefore is an artifact of the foam generation technique in which the pressure path of the foam changes with autoclave pressure. A theoretical model of drainage predicts that drainage times should increase with decreasing cell size, as observed. These results emphasize that proper control of cell size can have a substantial effect on the apparent stability of a foam.
The anatomy of the proximal radioulnar joint.

This study is an anatomic investigation to define the architecture of and the stabilizing structures for the proximal radioulnar joint. Ten fresh-frozen cadaver elbows were dissected. Measurements of the radial head, annular ligament, radial fossa of the ulna, and interosseous membrane were made and were correlated to clinical observations of elbow stability. Sequential transection of the soft tissue constraints of the proximal radioulnar joint demonstrated the annular ligament and the central band of the interosseous membrane to be the main stabilizers in pronation and the central band to be the significant stabilizer in supination. Eccentric loading of the joint was noted on anterior-posterior shifting of the radial head during forearm rotation. The clinical relevance of these observations in relation to radial head dislocation, fracture pattern, and elbow stability is discussed.
Spectral analysis of phase-shifting measurements of crossflow waves

Computing amplitudes of periodic components in a measured signal is commonly encountered in data analysis. When this process is hampered by low-resolution data, it is sometimes possible to exploit certain qualities of the data to mitigate these limitations. In this work, spectral analysis of crossflow vortices measured in flight tests using multi-element hotfilm sensors is accomplished despite restrictive sensor counts. The vortices are nominally steady but subject to randomly changing phase shifts that can be computed to form well-resolved sets of data. The reliability and efficiency of this analysis are tested via Monte Carlo simulation and the uncertainties in detected wavelengths are quantified. This analysis technique is applied to in-flight measurements of crossflow instabilities in swept-wing boundary layers.
Binary imagery and its application to beam shaping.

A theory of binary images (two density levels) is presented. By considering the spatial frequency response function of the viewer, it is shown that binary images can provide a good representation of band-limited, continuous-tone images. The analytical formulation given permits a quantitative evaluation of effective image errors for a large class of binary images. As the spacing between binary elements decreases, the image improves until the spacing is about one-third the period of the highest spatial frequency in the continuous image. The analysis is applied to the design of transparency masks for spatial modulation of light beams. These shaped beams are used for input and output image scanning as part of digital image-processing operations. A binary gaussian function has been generated which effectively approximates a continuous gaussian to within ±0.5%.
Anticancer Activity and Nutritional Value of Extracts of the Seed of Glinus lotoides

The purpose of this study is to determine the anticancer activity and the nutritional values of the seeds of Glinus lotoides, a plant used as a dietary vegetable and medicinal plant in Asia and Africa. To achieve this goal, the seeds were extracted in soxhlet using solvents, namely n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water. The methanol and n-hexane extracts showed differential growth inhibitory responses in carcinoma cell lines (Calu-3 IC(50)=29.7 and 79.8 µg/mL and Caco-2 IC(50)=69.7 and 74.6 µg/mL, respectively) as compared to normal cell lines (MDCK IC(50)=106.1 and 131.1 µg/mL and IEC-6 IC(50)=134.0 and 128.5 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, these extracts induced significant apoptosis in the cancer cells (p<0.05) at 100 µg/mL. The seeds of G. lotoides were found to contain nutritional compounds of well-established chemopreventive activity, including vitamin E, folic acid, selenium and calcium. The hydrophilic oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) value was found to be 123 µM Trolox Equiv./g, indicating the antioxidant activity of the plant. These data suggest that the seeds of G. lotoides could potentially be used in the diet in chemoprevention of cancer and warrant further confirmatory preclinical and clinical studies. The amount of protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash, moisture, sugar profile and fatty acids further support the nutritional value of the seeds.
Accounting standard’s effectiveness on equity overstatement – Conservatism when it matters

Abstract This paper evaluates the effectiveness of FASB’s standards on accounting conservatism when a firm is likely overstating assets or understating liabilities. Specifically, this paper considers whether conservatism increases due to SFAS 87, 106, 121, 142, and 123R, conditional on the firm being an aggressive reporter. To test these standards, I perform two time-series analyses from 1976 though to 2010. The first analysis compares the number of observations with a book to market ratio (BTM) greater than one to all observations at the industry level. The second determines whether each standard is correlated with a reduction in the probability of a firm having a BTM greater than one. I use the BTM greater than one to identify firms that should be more conservative (avoid equity overstatement), and to exclude those that are biasing earnings to artificially low levels. The results are consistent with only some of the standards, SFAS 106 ( Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pension ) and SFAS 142 ( Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets ), being effective in reducing equity overstatement.
Microencapsulation of volatiles by spray-drying in whey protein-based wall systems

Abstract Volatile retention during microencapsulation by spray drying was studied using whey proteins as microencapsulating agents. Ethyl butyrate (EB) and ethyl caprylate (ECY) were microencapsulated in wall systems consisting of whey protein isolate (WPI) or a 1:1 mixture of WPI and lactose (WPI/Lac). Retention of volatiles was significantly affected by wall solids concentration (10–30%, w/w), initial ester load (10–75%, w/w, of wall solids), and by ester and wall type. Ester retention in WPI/Lac was higher than in WPI. Maximum retention levels obtained for (EB) and (ECY) during spray drying were 76 and 92%, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of whey protein-based wall systems in microencapsulation of volatiles.
Helping people change—an ethical approach?

This paper is a normative analysis of an empowerment approach in health promotion. In particular it utilizes two increasingly influential idioms of normative analysis (analytic health care ethics and Foucauldian analysis) to evaluate the ethics of 'helping people change'. The HEA pack entitled 'Helping People Change' (HPC) is used as an exemplary case study and as a starting point for analysis; but the implications are intended to be more wide ranging and the purpose of the analysis is two-fold. First, ethical discussion is presented as an important dimension of the substantive evaluation of HPC-type interventions (i.e. interventions which emphasize support for voluntary change). Second, it is presented as a means of comparing and contrasting the role of the two normative idioms in such ethical evaluation. The aims and the underlying rationale of the HPC pack are set out Analytic health care ethics is represented by the well-known 'four principles' approach and the longest section of the paper applies each of these principles in turn (beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy and justice) to the HPC pack. It is argued that for each principle there are ethical difficulties attaching to HPC-type interventions. This is (albeit superficially) paradoxical given that such interventions are arguably exemplary and are self-consciously 'ethical'. It is here that a Foucauldian perspective presents a sharp contrast According to such
Cigarette Smoking from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Women's Developmental Trajectories and Associates Outcomes

Objectives: This study aimed to compare 1,442 women with distinct developmental trajectories of smoking from ages 13–23 on important young adult outcomes at age 29 (e.g., education, income, mental and physical health, arrest history, drug and alcohol abuse), as well as early transitions to sexual intercourse, parenthood, and marriage. Methods: Women were classified as Abstainers or into 1 of 5 trajectory classes for which they had the highest probability of membership: Stable Highs, Early Increasers, Late Increasers, Triers, and Decreasers. Regression analysis was used to model outcomes as a function of trajectory class membership. Results: Abstainers and Triers generally had more favorable outcomes than Stable Highs and Early Increasers. Decreasers were more likely to graduate from college than Stable Highs and Early Increasers and had a lower arrest rate than Stable Highs. Women who increased their smoking from initial low levels (Late Increasers) generally had poorer young adult outcomes compared to Triers and Abstainers, but lower risk for early sex and early parenthood compared to Stable Highs and Early Increasers. Conclusions: Women with certain patterns of smoking from age 13–23 are at heightened risk for early transitions to sexual activity and parenthood, as well as health, behavioral, and socioeconomic problems during young adulthood.