cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Economic Research in Food Safety— Putting the Puzzle Together: Discussion

Food safety research is a new field of endeavor for most of us. The three papers focusing on this topic (Buzby et al.; Jensen, Unnevehr, and G6mez; and Golan, Ralston, and Frenzen) merit our attention, as each adds something unique to our research efforts in this important area. While it is difficult to identify specific common threads, I think there is one aspect that is universal: information is largely lacking for food safety research. There are some valid reasons for this paucity of data, and I think it is critical that we attempt to develop a better understanding of this issue, and perhaps even consider new institutional designs that may resolve the data problem. I will discuss this further in my closing remarks. While these papers all raise new issues and demonstrate progress in food safety research, it is also clear that we have a long way to go. To my knowledge, few studies examine the cost structure of various technologies in such detail as provided by Jensen, Unnevehr, and G6mez. More work of this nature is critical to the industry and to regulators who are trying to understand the cost structure of new technologies. The other two papers demonstrate a stark difference in methods for valuing food safety. While both may be viewed as gallant attempts, neither can be viewed as the final word. Buzby et al. explore three valuation techniques that place a monetary value on risk reductions for food safety. Golan, Ralston, and Frenzen take a totally different approach at valuing food safety by examining economic activity beyond the direct and immediate im-
Assessment of Opioid Partial Agonist Activity with a Three-Choice Hydromorphone Dose-Discrimination Procedure

The discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of opioid mixed agonist-antagonists were assessed in volunteer nondependent heroin users trained in a three-choice drug discrimination procedure to discriminate among the effects of i.m. administration of 2 ml of saline, 1 mg of hydromorphone, and 4 mg of hydromorphone (a morphine-like μ agonist). Other subjective, behavioral, and physiological measures were concurrently collected. The discrimination was readily learned by six of the eight subjects. After training, generalization curves were determined for the following i.m. drug conditions: hydromorphone (0.375–4.0 mg), pentazocine (7.5–60 mg), butorphanol (0.75–6 mg), nalbuphine (3–24 mg), and buprenorphine (0.075–0.6 mg). All five of the test drugs were discriminated significantly or showed trends toward being discriminated as hydromorphone 1 mg-like at one or more dose levels. Hydromorphone showed an inverted U-shaped dose-effect function on the hydromorphone 1 mg-like discrimination. Subjective effect measures produced clearer differentiation among the test drugs than did drug discrimination performance. The present results differ from those of a previous study that observed a close relationship between the results of the discrimination measure and subjective effect measures. The previous study used similar methods and test drugs but different training drugs (e.g., 3 mg of hydromorphone versus 6 mg of butorphanol versus saline). It appears that both the sensitivity of drug discrimination performance to between-drug differences and the relationship between discriminative and subjective effects depends upon the specific discrimination that is trained (e.g., two-choice or three-choice). The present high dose-low dose-saline discrimination procedure appears useful for assessing partial agonist activity. The present data are consistent with partial agonist activity for pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, and buprenorphine.
Physiological interactions of the basic rest - activity cycle of the brain: Pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion as a model

The hypothesis of the "basic rest--activity cycle" (BRAC) as an ultradian rhythm of CNS activity which integrates many somatic, visceral, and behavioral functions is supported by a variety of studies which demonstrate similar periodicities in the expression of a remarkable number of critical physiological systems. However, the existence of this BRAC has been supported primarily only by this similarity in cyclicity, and the argument in support of this potentially meaningful CNS oscillator is thus largely inferential. Since resolving consistent temporal relationships between a variety of these apparently otherwise unrelated rhythmic functions would strongly support the hypothesized existence of the BRAC, this article first presents methodology for reliable evaluation of these difficult to analyze interactions. Then, a relationship between rhythmic physical activity and pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion is employed as a model interaction which allows analysis of the rhythmicity of the BRAC itself. This BRAC entrainment of pulsatile LH secretion is also utilized as a model to demonstrate how the BRAC may modulate the activity of various physiological functions via relatively direct mechanisms, secondary interactions, or entrainment of tissue with its own intrinsic pacemaker activity. The physiological function of the BRAC is discussed relative to this entrainment of pulsatile LH release.
ESD: a pervasive reliability concern for IC technologies

Several aspects of ESD are described from the point of view of the test, design, product, and reliability engineering. A review of the ESD phenomena along with the test methods, the appropriate on-chip protection techniques, and the impact of process technology advances from CMOS to BiCMOS on the ESD sensitivity of IC protection circuits are presented. The status of understanding in the field of ESD failure physics and the current approaches for modeling are discussed. >
What Can I Do with this Degree

What can I do with this degree?” This is a question that has certainly been asked since the first students started considering their college options, and today it is posed with more urgency than ev...
Geoscience Education Research Project: Student Benefits and Effective Design of a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

ABSTRACT Undergraduate research has been shown to be an effective practice for learning science. While this is a popular discussion topic, there are few full examples in the literature for introductory-level students. This paper describes the Geoscience Education Research Project, an innovative course-based research experience designed for introductory-level, nonscience majors. Participating students complete all steps of a scientific research project, starting with the research question, “What do college students think about ___?” Students fill in the blank with a geoscience topic of their choosing. Support for the students is ongoing through detailed directions and multiple checkpoint assignments with timely feedback to ensure they are on task. This design and support can be used as a model for other undergraduate research experiences. Student reactions to the benefits of participating in the research project and the effectiveness of its design were analyzed. Students' benefits from this research projec...
Transient Behavior of the Gallium Nitride Chemical Vapor Deposition Process

The transient behavior of the Gallium Nitride deposition process in a CVD reactor is numerically investigated. A two-dimensional impinging reactor is considered to examine the time-dependent transport in the MOCVD process, including the steady-state deposition process, and the system start-up and shut-down. The study involves the consideration of complicated transport phenomena, including fluid flow, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions between the reactants and the intermediate species. The temperature field and the deposition rate are studied as functions of time, as well as the precursor mass fraction at certain times. The results obtained provide an in-depth understanding about the entire MOCVD process, and the possibility to control the system operating time and the consumption of input power and precursors, which are generally quite expensive. It also provided inputs on the effects of changing operating conditions and the duration of starting and shut down effects.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Malathion Resistance in the Red Flour Beetle

Ten strains of red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), collected from 1963 to 1965 from storage facilities in which malathion had been used for various known periods were tested for resistance to topical applications of malathion. The most resistant strain required 11.3 times as much malathion for the LD50 as did the susceptible standard laboratory strain. Insects having no known exposure to malathion in warehouses were nearly as susceptible as the laboratory strain.
Low Energy Ion Beam Assisted Deposition of Low Resistivity Aluminum Using TMAA

Thermal deposition and Ga + ion beam assisted deposition of Al using TMAA have been studied. At temperatures between 95oC and 105oC, where thermal deposition is negligible, the introduction of a low energy Ga + ion beam (8 to 10 keV) produces selective deposition. Ion beam seeding followed by ion beam irradiation during TMAA flow leads to consistent selectivity at this temperature range. The lowest resistivity of selectively deposited Al film is 7 µΩ-cm, only 2.5 times the bulk Al resistivity. The selective deposition rate is about 300A/min. Depositions at higher temperature produced very low resistivity Al films, but with a decreasing selectivity ratio. X-ray diffraction showed that deposited Al films are polycrystalline, with very small FWHM.
Improving Learning for All Students Through Equity-Based Inclusive Reform Practices Effectiveness of a Fully Integrated Schoolwide Model on Student Reading and Math Achievement

The present investigation examines the schoolwide applications model (SAM) as a potentially effective school reform model for increasing equity-based inclusive education practices while enhancing student reading and math achievement for all students. A 3-year quasi-experimental comparison group analysis using latent growth modeling (LGM) was used with seven urban elementary or elementary/middle schools and seven matched comparison schools in the same district. Results suggest significantly larger growth for experimental school students in math and no statistically significant difference in reading score growth between experimental and comparison schools. However, reading score growth for experimental schools was statistically significant in a post hoc analysis of selected schools. Additional descriptive analysis is presented for three schools that implemented the model with the highest measured fidelity; these schools made improvements on both reading and math scores while those of matching comparison sch...
Applications of Gold Nanoparticles in Biosensors

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as one of the most stable metal nanoparticles have demonstrated extensive applications in recent years. This paper will give a focus on the AuNPs as biosensors, due to their inertness, unique optical properties, high surface area, and various surface functionalization methods. Synthesis of AuNps and the surface functionalization will be discussed in the first part. The size, shape, and stability can be controlled by different synthetic methods, while reductant usually needed. By surface functionalization with different molecules such as polymers, nucleic acids, and proteins, AuNPs will aggregate when specified molecule linkages showing up enables selective detections. The application in biosensing to detect proteins, oligonucleotide, glucose, and heavy metals will be exemplified, followed by the summary and future perspective part in the conclusion.
Evaluating the effect of internal aperture variability on transport in kilometer scale discrete fracture networks

Abstract The apertures of natural fractures in fractured rock are highly heterogeneous. However, in-fracture aperture variability is often neglected in flow and transport modeling and individual fractures are assumed to have uniform aperture distribution. The relative importance of in-fracture variability in flow and transport modeling within kilometer-scale field–scale fracture networks has been under a matter of debate for a long time because the flow in each single fracture is controlled not only by in-fracture variability but also by boundary conditions. Computational limitations have previously prohibited researchers from investigating the relative importance of in-fracture variability in flow and transport modeling within large-scale fracture networks. We address this question by incorporating internal heterogeneity of individual fractures into flow simulations within kilometer scale three-dimensional fracture networks, where fracture intensity, P32 (ratio between total fracture area and domain volume) is between 0.027 and 0.031 [1/m]. A recently developed discrete fracture network (DFN) simulation capability, dfnWorks, is used to generate DFNs that include in-fracture aperture variability represented by a stationary log-normal stochastic field with various correlation lengths and variances. The Lagrangian transport parameters, non-reacting travel time and cumulative retention, are calculated along particles streamlines. It is observed that due to local flow channeling early particle travel times are more sensitive to in-fracture variability than the tails of travel time distributions, where no significant effect of the in-fracture transmissivity variations and spatial correlation length is observed.
Reply to Varma: Elucidation of the signal origin for label-free, free-solution interactions.

In response to the letter submitted by Varma (1), we respectfully disagree with the assertion that our proposed free-solution response function (FreeSRF) model (2) does not explain the signal origin for free-solution measurements. His theoretical considerations are appreciated; however, as we have shown (2), they do not apply here. [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: darryl.bornhop{at}vanderbilt.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Low Body Mass Index in Endometriosis Is Promoted by Hepatic Metabolic Gene Dysregulation in Mice

The gynecological disease endometriosis is characterized by the deposition and proliferation of endometrial cells outside the uterus and clinically is linked to low body mass index (BMI). Gene expression in the liver of these women has not been reported. We hypothesized that endometriosis may impact hepatic gene expression, promoting a low BMI. To determine the effect of endometriosis on liver gene expression, we induced endometriosis in female mice by suturing donor mouse endometrium into the peritoneal cavity and measuring the weight of these mice. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning of these mice showed lower body weight and lower total body fat than controls. Microarray analysis identified 26 genes differentially regulated in the livers of mice with endometriosis. Six of 26 genes were involved in metabolism. Four of six genes were upregulated and were related to weight loss, whereas two genes were downregulated and linked to obesity. Expression levels of Cyp2r1, Fabp4, Mrc1, and Rock2 were increased, whereas Igfbp1 and Mmd2 expression levels were decreased. Lep and Pparg, key metabolic genes in the pathways of the six genes identified from the microarray, were also upregulated. This dysregulation was specific to metabolic pathways. Here we demonstrate that endometriosis causes reduced body weight and body fat and disrupts expression of liver genes. We suggest that altered metabolism mediated by the liver contributes to the clinically observed low BMI that is characteristic of women with endometriosis. These findings reveal the systemic and multiorgan nature of endometriosis.
Tumor Suppressor Capacity of Krüppel Like Factor 4 (KLF4) in NOTCH1-Induced T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract 1325 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy in children, among which T-cell ALL (T-ALL) exhibits worst prognosis. Studies on genetic factors supporting T-ALL leukemogenesis will contribute to the development of alternative therapies. Previously our laboratory described that the Kruppel like factor 4 (KLF4) restricts proliferation in normal CD8+ T cells. In addition, we have found that loss of KLF4 increases self-renewal and enhances survival of normal hematopoietic stem cells, which is a feature that cancer cells acquire during transformation. There are also emerging evidences showing reduced levels of KLF4 in bone marrow of T-ALL patients compared to healthy individuals and a correlation of KLF4 expression with response of ALL patients to standard treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest a potential role of KLF4 in tumor suppression and drug resistance in hematological malignancies. To study whether KLF4 functions as a tumor suppressor in T-ALL, we used Klf4 conditional knockout mice and NOTCH1-induced T-ALL model. Bone marrow (BM) cells from control ( Klf4 fl/fl ) and Klf4 deleted ( Klf4 fl/fl ; Vav-iCre ) mice injected with 5-FU were transduced with retrovirus carrying the NOTCH1-L1601P-DP mutant found in human T-ALL patients and then transplanted into irradiated recipient mice. Mice transplanted with transduced control BM cells showed lower incidence of leukemia (21.7%, n=23) with longer median latency (130 days). In contrast, mice transplanted with transduced Klf4 -deleted BM cells showed significantly higher penetrance (76.5%, n=34) with shorter median latency (93 days, p Klf4 -deleted cells, suggesting enhanced proliferation. In addition to increased proliferative activity, a global gene expression analysis revealed significant differences in metabolic pathways. Concomitantly, Klf4 -deleted leukemic cells displayed increased levels of phosphorylated mTOR, an important signaling involved in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Collectively, our study shows that KLF4 has tumor suppressor function in a mouse model of NOTCH1-induced T-ALL, providing a novel molecular target to prevent expansion of pre-leukemic cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Role of High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in Diagnosing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia with Coexisting Ocular Surface Diseases

Abstract Purpose Coexistence of an ocular surface disease can mask the typical features of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). The purpose of this study was to evaluate high resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) as an adjunct in the detection and differentiation of OSSN within coexisting ocular surface pathologies. Methods Retrospective study of 16 patients with ocular surface disease and lesions suspicious for OSSN that were evaluated with HR-OCT. HR-OCT images of the lesions were taken to look for evidence of OSSN. Biopsies were performed in all cases, and the HR-OCT findings were compared to the histological results. Results Of the 16 patients with OSSN and a coexisting ocular surface disease, 12 were found to have OSSN by HR-OCT and all were subsequently confirmed by biopsy. Two patients had OSSN with rosacea, one with pingueculum, two within pterygia, one with Salzmann' nodular degeneration, six with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD)/scarring. In all 12 cases HR-OCT images revealed classical findings of hyper-reflective, thickened epithelium and an abrupt transition from normal to abnormal epithelium. OSSN was ruled out by HR-OCT in four cases (2 Salzmann's, 1 mucous membrane pemphigoid, and 1 LSCD). Negative findings were confirmed by biopsy. HR-OCT was used to follow resolution of the OSSN in positive cases, and it detected recurrence in 1 case. Conclusions While histopathology is the gold standard in the diagnosis of OSSN, HR-OCT can be used to noninvasively detect the presence of OSSN in patients with coexisting ocular conditions.
A pilot phase II trial of cabergoline in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

e12568Background: The prolactin receptor can be overexpressed in breast cancer, and pre-clinical data indicate that it contributes to the pathobiology of breast cancer. Cabergoline is a potent dopamine receptor agonist of D2 receptors and has a direct inhibitory effect on pituitary prolactin secretion resulting in reduced serum prolactin levels. Methods: A pilot phase II study of cabergoline in patients with metastatic breast cancer was conducted with primary end point of best overall response rate (ORR) among patients with measurable disease. Eligible patients had metastatic breast cancer, any receptors status was allowed, and there was no limit of prior lines of therapy. Both measurable and unmeasurable diseases (RECIST 1.1) were allowed. Cabergoline 1mg orally, twice weekly (1 cycle = 4 weeks) was given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Immunohistochemistry prolactin receptor staining was performed on available baseline tumor tissue, and serum prolactin levels were serially assessed. ...
Fabrication and performance of an aluminum-stabilized composite superconductor

In a number of cases,1,2 practical superconductors have been fabricated with aluminum as the chief stabilizer. Aluminum was chosen because it is lightweight, can be readily purified to a high degree for modest cost,3 has a low magnetoresistance at high fields,4 and is quite radiation transparent.5 Applications for such superconductors include thin-walled magnets for physics experiments, small lightweight magnets for aerospace applications, and large magnets that require massive amounts of conductor.
TREMendous 2 Be Social.

TREM2 is known for its role in microglial phagocytosis and in neurodegenerative diseases. In this issue of Immunity, Filipello et al. (2018) show that microglial TREM2 is required for synaptic pruning in early development. TREM2-deficient mice show altered social behavior in adulthood, linking TREM2 to neurodevelopmental disease.
Hydrostatic Extrusion of Rosin Core Solder Wire

Solder is a basic industrial material. The consumption of solder in the United States alone is currently about 9 × 108 kg (100,000 tons). Solder is used for making connections, as a filler material and as a sealing compound. Most solder applications require the use of a flux together with a solvent. This flux prevents oxidation of the surface to be soldered and enhances the adhesion characteristics of solder. It is often common practice to enclose the flux in the core of the solder. A host of different compositions are available for both the flux and the solder to suit specific user requirements.
Food Shift Effect

Many animals show behavioral and physiological arousal before regular meal times. These include increased activity, body temperature and serum corticosterone. There is compelling evidence that an endogenous circadian clock that can function in the absence of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is involved although its locus has not yet been established. Changes in meal time encountered after travel across time zones and by shift workers require re-entrainment of this clock over several days causing desychronization between physiology and behavior similar to jet lag. As yet, little is known about potential adverse consequences for humans.
Localization of thrombospondin in clots formed in situ.

Thrombospondin is a principal glycoprotein secreted by thrombin- stimulated platelets and has known affinities for fibrinogen and fibrin. We studied the distribution of thrombospondin in clots formed in situ on Formvar-coated coverslips at 37 degrees C for intervals up to 17 hours. The distributions of three other major platelet granular proteins--fibrinogen, fibronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF)-- were also determined. The portions of the clots adhering to the coverslips after stripping, washing, and fixation with formaldehyde were stained for the four proteins by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Monoclonal antibodies were used to localize thrombospondin, fibronectin, and vWF; affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies were used to localize fibrinogen. Platelets stained positively for all four proteins. Thrombospondin was maximally present in the fibrin meshwork from 1 1/2 to 2 hours, after which the intensity of staining decreased until only trace amounts of thrombospondin were detectable between four and 17 hours. Antifibrinogen and, to a lesser extent, antifibronectin stained the fibrin meshwork at all time points. The vWF was not detectable in the fibrin meshwork at any time point. Staining of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in a fine granular pattern was found with antithrombospondin. The fraction of PMNLs staining positively was 6% to 14% at 1/2 to 4 hours and increased at eight hours to 27%. At 17 hours, 52% of the PMNLs stained for thrombospondin. More than 48% of the PMNLs stained with antifibrinogen at all time points. PMNLs did not stain for either fibronectin or vWF. These studies indicate that thrombospondin is a transient component of the temporary fibrin meshwork and has a unique spatial and temporal distribution in the hemostatic plug.
Neurotransmitters, Ion Channels and Second Messengers in the Hippocampus

The mechanisms by which neurotransmitter receptors are coupled to ion channels has been the focus of a great deal of research since the discovery that neurotransmitters can alter neuronal excitability by acting on voltage-dependent, as well as voltage-independent, ion channels. Using the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation we have examined the role of second messenger systems and GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) in mediating the actions of a variety of neurotransmitters found in the hippocampus. Specifically we have examined the actions of norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT), and baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist).
Probiotics in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Infantile colic, constipation, functional abdominal pain (FAP), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). This chapter will review current evidence on the role of probiotics in the treatment of these FGID. The etiology of FGID is considered multifactorial, but the importance of intestinal microbiota in their development has been repeatedly emphasized. As a consequence, the potential role of probiotics in their treatment is being increasingly scrutinized. Presently, the strongest evidence of efficacy is for the use of Lactobacillus reuteri (L reuteri) DSM 17938 at the dose of 108 CFU/day for the treatment of infantile colic in breastfed infants. Limited, yet encouraging, evidence exists for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) at the dose of 3 × 109 CFU and for a multi-strain preparation for the treatment of IBS. In the treatment of FAP, there is some evidence for the use of L reuteri DSM 17938 at the dose of at least 108 CFU/day.
FY15 Status Report on NEAMS Neutronics Activities

This report summarizes the current status of NEAMS activities in FY2015. The tasks this year are (1) to improve solution methods for steady-state and transient conditions, (2) to develop features and user friendliness to increase the usability and applicability of the code, (3) to improve and verify the multigroup cross section generation scheme, (4) to perform verification and validation tests of the code using SFRs and thermal reactor cores, and (5) to support early users of PROTEUS and update the user manuals.
The Text of the Late View

At the late stage Kant adds three final paragraphs to the Conclusions regarding space (§ 3), two final paragraphs to the Conclusions regarding time (§ 6) and two final paragraphs to the Elucidation (§ 7). These additions rework the status of space, time, and what is in them, with a terminology that detaches the doctrine from the middle stage basis. We first discuss these late A additions and then turn to additions made in the B text.
PD51-03 PERCUTANEOUS ABLATION OFFERS COMPARABLE ONCOLOGIC CONTROL COMPARED WITH PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR cT1 RENAL MASSES

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the primary treatment modality for cT1 renal masses, yet high quality data comparing PN and thermal ablation is lacking. We sought to review ...
Upper lip frenotomy for neonatal breastfeeding problems.

Abstract Objectives Upper lip tie, without concomitant tongue tie, can prevent proper flanging of the upper lip during breastfeeding, resulting in a poor seal and suck for the infant with nipple pain and maternal dissatisfaction. Due to the lack of published studies on this subject, we report our technique and outcomes for in-office release of isolated upper lip tie. Methods Using CPT Code 40,806 for ‘incision of labial frenulum’, 22 mother-infant dyads with infant age under 60 days with breastfeeding problems and a restrictive upper lip frenum were identified. These infants underwent in-office release of upper lip tie as detailed below. Outcomes of the procedure were assessed by a telephone survey to mothers within the 4-week period post-procedure. Results 82% of mothers reported an improved latch and 73% noted increased satisfaction with breastfeeding. Lip pain, if present, resolved within 24 h for most children. Recurrence was reported by 9% of mothers; no infection or other complications occurred. Conclusion Upper lip frenotomy, in properly selected infants, has favorable short-term outcomes with mild transient discomfort and a low rate of recurrence. Since our study was short-term and did not include a control group, we are unable to comment on procedure efficacy or long-term impact.
Publishing and Serving Machine Learning Models with DLHub

In this paper we introduce the Data and Learning Hub for Science (DLHub). DLHub serves as a nexus for publishing, sharing, discovering, and reusing machine learning models. It provides a flexible publication platform that enables researchers to describe and deposit models by associating publication and model-specific metadata and assigning a persistent identifier for subsequent citation. DLHub also supports scalable model inference, allowing researchers to execute inference tasks using a distributed execution engine, containerized models, and Kubernetes. Here we describe DLHub and present four scientific use cases that illustrate how DLHub can be used to reliably, efficiently, and scalably integrate ML into scientific processes.
Radical tunes: exploring the impact of music on memorization of stroke order in logographic writing systems

Music and rhythm are powerful tools that can be employed to enhance learning and memory. While games are commonly utilized to aid in second language acquisition, few have explored the implications of sound on learner's ability to draw and remember logographic characters (such as those in Chinese hanzi, Japanese kanji and Korean hanja). We created Radical Tunes, a kanji drawing music game, to explore the impacts of incorporating music on players' ability to retain meaning and stoke order of several kanji. In this paper, we describe the design rationale for Radical Tunes, and present results from a pilot study comparing a music focused version of the game with one that uses non-musical sound effects. Results show that while both conditions improved players' short-term ability to remember/draw kanji, there were no significant differences in improvement between the conditions. However, the use of music did improve immersion---an important factor related to learning. This work has implications for designers of second language acquisition games, and how they can incorporate rhythm and music into their games to increase player engagement.
Considerations for Referral: What Happens to Patients After Being Turned Down for Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy.

Abstract Background Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy has revolutionized the treatment options for patients with advanced heart failure. Patient selection is essential for obtaining successful results. However, few data exist concerning the outcomes of patients evaluated for LVAD therapy but subsequently rejected or deferred. Methods and Results This is a retrospective review of all patients referred for LVAD therapy at our institution between January 2009 and December 2016. Baseline demographics and Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support profiles were collected, and reasons for rejection or deferral for LVAD placement were investigated. A total of 669 patients were referred for LVAD therapy, and 228 patients (34%) were turned down. The yearly acceptance rate ranged between 57% and 75%. The average age of the turned-down cohort was 60.8 ± 12.5 years; 83% were men. Reasons for rejection included: patient being too sick (34%); psychosocial concerns (25%); patient declined (16%); decision was deferred for medical optimization (15%); or patient being too well (10%). The percentage of patients who were rejected due to psychosocial concerns has increased over time (P = 0.02), whereas the rate of deferral for medical optimization has remained stable (P = 0.10). One-year survival after initial LVAD consultation was 42% in those who were too sick, 64% in those with psychosocial concerns, 68% in patients who declined, 86% in those deferred for medical optimization; and 100% in those too well (P Conclusions One-year survival is reduced among patients who were initially turned down for LVAD therapy, except for those in whom this decision was deferred for medical optimization or because the patient was too well. Psychosocial concerns have become a significant barrier to LVAD therapy.
Increased risk of head and neck cancer in Agent Orange exposed Vietnam Era veterans.

Abstract Importance United States military personnel during the Vietnam Era were potentially exposed to Agent Orange, a known carcinogen. The link between Agent Orange and head and neck cancers is largely unknown; laryngeal cancer is currently the only subsite with sufficient evidence of an Agent Orange association. Objective We aim to determine the relationship between Agent Orange exposure and the incidence of head and neck cancers in Vietnam Era veterans as well as any relationship with head and neck cancer survival. Materials and methods The present study utilizes the Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse (VA CDW) to identify Vietnam Era veterans, their Agent Orange exposure status, limited demographic data, presence of head and neck cancer, and survival data. Results Of 8,877,971 Vietnam Era veterans, 22% self-reported exposure to Agent Orange, and 54,717 had a diagnosis of head and neck cancer. Agent Orange exposure significantly predicted upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.10. On subsite analysis, Agent Orange exposure (as well as race, gender, and substance use) was significantly associated with oropharyngeal (RR 1.16), nasopharyngeal (RR 1.22), laryngeal (1.11), and thyroid (1.24) cancers. Agent Orange exposure was associated with improved 10-year overall survival in upper aerodigestive tract cancer patients. Conclusions and Relevance Self-reported Agent Orange exposure correlated with increased risks of oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, laryngeal, and thyroid cancers, and predicted improved survival in upper aerodigestive tract cancer patients. These findings broaden our understanding of the risks of Agent Orange exposure.
The contribution of interpersonal violence victimization types to psychological distress among youth

Abstract Background Associations between different types of victimization and symptomology among youth remain unclear due to methodological limitations preventing the identification of the independent contribution of each type of violence. Objective The purpose was to examine associations between different types of victimization and the odds of experiencing clinically significant levels of anxiety, depression, and anger/aggression. We also examined the unique contribution of each type of victimization to these outcomes. Participants Participants were a nationally representative sample of youth ages 10–17 (n = 1019) who were residing in the United States when data were collected in 2002–2003. Methods Youth reported on their experiences of different forms of victimization (e.g., physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, sibling abuse, bullying, sexual assault, and witnessing violence) within the past year. Logistic regression and relative weights analyses were used to examine associations between victimization and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and anger/aggression. Results The prevalence of reported victimization ranged from 1.3 % for neglect to 41.3% for sibling abuse. Physical and emotional child abuse, sibling abuse, bullying, and emotional bullying were associated with increased odds of clinically significant anxiety, depression, and anger/aggression. Witnessing parent intimate partner violence was associated with increased odds of clinically significant anger/aggression. Witnessing parental assault of a sibling was associated with increased odds of clinically significant anxiety and anger/aggression. Emotional bullying predicted the largest percentage of variance in anxiety and depression, followed by emotional abuse and sibling aggression. Conclusions These findings underscore the need for further assessment and treatment for sibling abuse and emotional bullying.
Endocrine Glands and the Anthropocene: Metabolic Storytelling in Mikhail Bulgakov’s Heart of a Dog

Abstract This essay aims to show how Mikhail Bulgakov’s novella Heart of a Dog (Sobach’e serdtse, 1925) challenges the markedly anthropocentric view of narrative time and narrative agency that characterized early Soviet aesthetics. By offering a reading of the text that takes into account the history of early twentieth-century endocrinology, theories of narrative, and the post-human approach, the analysis will reveal how an endocrine gland, the hypophysis (also known as the pituitary) and its functions complicate established notions of those two narratological categories.
Population genetics of transposable element load: a mechanistic account of observed overdispersion

In an empirical analysis of transposable element (TE) abundance within natural populations of Mimulus guttatus and Drosophila melanogaster, we found a surprisingly high variance of TE count (e.g., variance-to-mean ratio on the order of 10 to 100). To obtain insight regarding those evolutionary genetic mechanisms that are may underlie the overdispersed population distributions of TE abundance, we developed a mathematical model of TE population genetics that includes the dynamics of element proliferation and purifying selection on TE load. The modeling approach begins with a master equation for a birth-death process and it extends the predictions of the classical theory of TE dynamics in several ways. In particular, moment-based analysis of stationary population distributions of TE load reveal that overdispersion is most likely to arise via copy-and-paste (as opposed to cut-and-paste) dynamics. Parameter studies suggest that overdispersed population distributions of TE abundance are probably not a consequence of purifying selection on total element load.
A 51-Year-Old Woman With a Mediastinal Mass.

Case Presentation A 51-year-old woman with a medical history of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and tobacco abuse was admitted to the hospital with persistent nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dry cough, rhinorrhea, and sore throat. She denied fevers, chills, rigors, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, nasal congestion, postnasal drip, and facial pain. She denied any sick contacts, and there was no recent travel outside of Chicago.
Performance of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Faculty After Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Credentialing Implementation

Objectives: As point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) continues to evolve, a national standardized curriculum for training and credentialing PEM physicians is still lacking. The goal of this study was to assess PEM faculty in performing and interpreting POCUS during implementation of a training curriculum. Methods: Sixteen PEM-fellowship trained faculty with either …
A collagen glucosyltransferase drives lung adenocarcinoma progression in mice.

Cancer cells are a major source of enzymes that modify collagen to create a stiff, fibrotic tumor stroma. High collagen lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) expression promotes metastasis and is correlated with shorter survival in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and other tumor types. LH2 hydroxylates lysine (Lys) residues on fibrillar collagen’s amino- and carboxy-terminal telopeptides to create stable collagen cross-links. Here, we show that electrostatic interactions between the LH domain active site and collagen determine the unique telopeptidyl lysyl hydroxylase (tLH) activity of LH2. However, CRISPR/Cas-9-mediated inactivation of tLH activity does not fully recapitulate the inhibitory effect of LH2 knock out on LUAD growth and metastasis in mice, suggesting that LH2 drives LUAD progression, in part, through a tLH-independent mechanism. Protein homology modeling and biochemical studies identify an LH2 isoform (LH2b) that has previously undetected collagen galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase (GGT) activity determined by a loop that enhances UDP-glucose-binding in the GLT active site and is encoded by alternatively spliced exon 13 A. CRISPR/Cas-9-mediated deletion of exon 13 A sharply reduces the growth and metastasis of LH2b-expressing LUADs in mice. These findings identify a previously unrecognized collagen GGT activity that drives LUAD progression. Guo et al. determine the molecular basis of collagen lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) substrate specificity. They further show that LH2 also functions as a collagen glucosyltransferase to promote lung cancer progression.
Reduced Text Structure at Two Text Levels: Impacts on the Performance of Technical Readers.

Cues to text structure have been proposed to operate a number of different levels and it has been suggested that lower-level factors (e.g., word decoding) are more critical to reader performance than are higher-level factors (e.g., paragraph and text structure). The current study involved presenting texts in their base form and with cues to coherence at two levels ― at the word and paragraph level ― removed. These manipulations were performed on technical texts at two levels of familiarity and were presented to technical readers. Tests of recall, recognition, and problem-solving revealed that while removal of cues to local coherence did produce reliable decrements in reader performance, more dramatic effects occurred when both types of cues were removed. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance to questions of information design
Accounting for scale-dependence in the dynamic Smagorinsky model

The dynamic model has been very successful in Large-Eddy Simulation of a variety of turbulent flows. The model makes the crucial assumption that the coefficient is scale-invariant, which is reasonable in the inertial range of turbulence. Surprisingly, the dynamic model’s success has occurred even in flows where the grid-scale is not in an ideal inertial range. It turns out that the most well-known successful applications (such as transitional flows, the viscous sublayer, etc..) are those where the true SGS stress is only a small contribution to the dynamics, and where the errors induced by the deviations from scale-invariance are of minor consequence. However, there are important flows in which the errors can have large effects, such as in LES of wall-bounded flows that do not resolve the viscous sublayer. Near the wall, the grid-scale is on the order of the local integral scale (the distance to the wall) and the SGS shear stress contributes significantly to the mean momentum balance. In this paper we show that the traditional dynamic model yields coefficients that are too small, which translates into high wavenumber pile-up of the longitudinal energy spectra near the wall. In order to correct for this problem in a dynamic fashion, a new scale-dependent dynamic model is proposed. It involves a secondary test-filter operation that allows one to probe from the simulated resolved field how the coefficient depends on scale. Applications to LES of a wall-bounded flow that does not resolve the viscous sublayer are presented, showing much improved longitudinal energy spectra and better mean velocity profiles.
The Esteem Theory of Norms

When esteem is costless to supply, does it provide an effectivemeans of enforcing norms for public goods production? I examine thebasic mechanics of an enforcement-through-esteem model. Whileesteem may enforce norms to considerable degree, systematicunderenforcement remains the general result, even in very basicsettings with a minimum of transactions costs. I also examine whyesteem has positive value in equilibrium if it can be producedcostlessly (i.e., why esteem remains scarce), and what collectiveaction problems plague the supply of esteem.
Intercoalescence Time Distribution of Incomplete Gene Genealogies in Temporally Varying Populations, and Applications in Population Genetic Inference

Summary Tracing back to a specific time T in the past, the genealogy of a sample of haplotypes may not have reached their common ancestor and may leave m lineages extant. For such an incomplete genealogy truncated at a specific time T in the past, the distribution and expectation of the intercoalescence times conditional on T are derived in an exact form in this paper for populations of deterministically time-varying sizes, specifically, for populations growing exponentially. The derived intercoalescence time distribution can be integrated to the coalescent-based joint allele frequency spectrum (JAFS) theory, and is useful for population genetic inference from large-scale genomic data, without relying on computationally intensive approaches, such as importance sampling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The inference of several important parameters relying on this derived conditional distribution is demonstrated: quantifying population growth rate and onset time, and estimating the number of ancestral lineages at a specific ancient time. Simulation studies confirm validity of the derivation and statistical efficiency of the methods using the derived intercoalescence time distribution. Two examples of real data are given to show the inference of the population growth rate of a European sample from the NIEHS Environmental Genome Project, and the number of ancient lineages of 31 mitochondrial genomes from Tibetan populations.
Displays, Sales, and In-Store Search in Retail Markets

This paper develops and estimates a structural model of differentiated-products demand in an environment with in-store displays and costly consumer price search. This investigation is motivated by two stylized facts on retail markets. First, the prevalence of retail “sales” means that relative prices in most product categories vary substantially from week to week. Second, quantities sold often respond at least as much to changes in relative locations (in-store displays) as to changes in relative prices. The model proposed here incorporates both effects: sale-induced price variation provides a reason to search, and displays convey information about prevailing prices. This model is then applied to store-level data on laundry detergent purchases, using short-run price fluctuation to recover preference parameters and short-run display fluctuations to recover search parameters. The resulting structural estimates suggest that information frictions have substantial effects on purchase outcomes, with roughly 52 percent of consumers having positive search costs and a mean search cost of roughly $1.68 among this sub-population. I further explore the potential relationship between consumer search and demand analysis, and find that accounting for displays and other promotions substantially lowers elasticity estimates.
Web Appendix to 'The Tax Advantage to Paying Private Equity Fund Managers with Profit Shares: What is it? Why is it Bad?'

This paper is the web appendix referenced in "The Tax Advantage to Paying Private Equity Fund Managers With Profit Shares: What is it? Why is it Bad?" 75 University of Chicago Law Review 1071-1053 (2008)The paper 'The Tax Advantage to Paying Private Equity Fund Managers with Profit Shares: What is it? Why is it Bad?' to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=996665