cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Material Removal Mechanism of Additively Manufactured Components Finished using Magnetic Abrasive Finishing

Abstract This paper describes the effects of tool deformability, by changing the size of magnetic particles mixed with abrasive, and abrasive type (magnetic abrasive or conventional abrasive) on the material removal mechanism and resulting surface profiles of 316L stainless steel components made by selective laser melting (SLM). The use of large particles (rigid tool) facilitated the removal of material from the peaks of the target surface geometry of the SLM-produced workpiece. The use of small particles (flexible tool) facilitated the removal of material from the target surface along the surface features. The magnetic abrasive gradually removed material from the peaks of the surface features according to the magnetic abrasive contact against the target surface. In contrast, conventional abrasive freely contacted the target surface and removed material from surface according to the magnetic particle contact against the target surface. Magnetic abrasive finishing produces a surface dominated by valleys. In particular, the surface made by the magnetic abrasive showed higher skewness and lower kurtosis than the one made by the conventional abrasive.
Generational Critique and Feminist Politics in The Heavenly Twins and The Voyage Out

A familiar but misleading dichotomy – between the political engagement of the New Woman writer and the aesthetic detachment of the modernist one – registers the generational dynamics at play in Sar...
Implementation as a Dynamic Process: A Case Study of Teacher Sensemaking of a Cross-Content Area Vocabulary Intervention:

This investigation examined how middle school teachers implemented Word Generation, a cross-content vocabulary intervention and how the program affected student learning of academic vocabulary word...
Modified MR dispersion imaging in prostate dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI

Background An estimation of an intravascular dispersion parameter was previously proposed to improve the overall accuracy and precision of the model parameters, but the high computation complexity can limit its practical usability in prostate dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Purpose To compare and evaluate the model fitting uncertainty and error in the model parameter estimation using different DCE-MRI analysis models and to evaluate the ability of the intravascular dispersion parameter to delineate between noncancerous and cancerous prostate tissue in the transition and peripheral zones. Study type Retrospective. Population Fifty-three patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Field strength/sequence 3 T/3D RF-spoiled gradient echo sequence. Assessment The coefficient of variation was used to assess the model fitting uncertainty by adding random noise to the time-concentration curves, and the Akaike information criterion was used to assess the model fitting error. The parametric maps derived from four DCE-MRI analysis models were evaluated by evaluating the delineation between noncancerous tissue and prostate cancer or clinically significant prostate cancer. Statistical tests The receiver operating curve analysis was performed to compare the ability to delineate between noncancerous and prostate cancer tissue in the transition and peripheral zones. Results Both MR dispersion imaging (MRDI) and Weinmann analysis models had the maximum coefficient of variation in different tissue types, while the model fitting uncertainty of modified (m)MRDI was similar to the standard Toft model. In mMRDI, the model fitting error was minimum, and the delineation between noncancerous and clinically significant prostate cancer tissue was improved in both transition (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.92) and peripheral zones (AUC = 0.92), in comparison with MRDI (AUC = 0.89 and AUC = 0.85, respectively). Data conclusion The mMRDI showed promising results in detecting prostate cancer while maintaining a similar model fitting uncertainty. Level of evidence 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1307-1317.
MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS SCORE DERIVED FROM LUNG CANCER SCREENING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE SCORE TO PREDICT CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES

The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score and the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) score are important estimators of 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, but are seldom used in tandem. In this study, we evaluated both ASCVD and MESA scores derived from lung cancer
Contract Interpretation Enforcement Costs: An Empirical Study of Textualism Versus Contextualism Conducted Via the West Key Number System

This Article sets forth an empirical study of a central issue in the judicial and academic debate over the optimal method of contract interpretation: Whether “textualism” or “contextualism” best minimizes contract enforcement costs. The study measured enforcement costs in twelve ways. Under each of those measures, there was no statistically significant difference in the level of interpretation litigation between textualist and contextualist regimes. Accordingly, the study finds no support for either the textualist hypothesis that contextualism has higher enforcement costs or the contextualist counter-hypothesis that textualism has higher enforcement costs. The study herein was conducted via the West Key Number System. It is the second study of contract interpretation enforcement costs that I have completed employing that tool. In a prior article, I presented the first study and discussed how to use the Key Number System for empirical research generally. This paper expands on the analysis of the Key Number System from the earlier article. It also addresses how the complexity and confusion in the interpretation caselaw create challenges for empirical work concerning contract interpretation.
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Brain Tumors

Abstract In this chapter, we briefly explain the fundamentals of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and describe the parameters that can be determined from DCE-MRI. Unbiased estimates of model parameters are emphasized. We also discuss the uses of Patlak and Logan plots in DCE-MRI. We summarize the progress of DCE-MRI use in cerebral tumors, with particular focus on studies in cerebral tumors and convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of drugs. Mechanical and fluid relationships in model cerebral tumors, as determined by DCE-MRI and related MRI procedures, can be useful for determining fluid conductivities, fluxes, and tissue deformations, all of which directly relate to CED in the same tissue.
Asymmetric Ring-Opening of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropaneswith Primary Arylamines Catalyzed by a Chiral Heterobimetallic Catalyst

An efficient catalytic asymmetric ring-opening reaction of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with primary arylamines was developed. The reaction was achieved through the utilization of a chiral heterobi...
Five Closed Salmonella enterica Genome Sequences from a 2017-2018 Multistrain, Multistate Kratom Outbreak.

ABSTRACT We report here the closed genomes of Salmonella enterica strains from the 2017–2018 multistrain, multistate kratom outbreak using single-molecule real-time DNA sequencing. Four of the genomes consist of one circular chromosome, and the fifth has a circular chromosome and a single plasmid.
An Overview of Cyber-Physical Security of Battery Management Systems and Adoption of Blockchain Technology

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are a key energy storage component in various electrical and electronic systems such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. A properly designed battery management system (BMS) is crucial to guarantee the safety, reliability, and optimal performance of the battery as well as to interconnect the battery systems with each other and external systems through communication channels. However, security threats of the Li-ion battery systems are often overlooked by BMS developers in the design phase. The cybersecurity of BMSs is an essential factor to consider as more battery systems require internet connectivity for functionality such as intelligent monitoring, control, and maintenance. This paper discusses overall security vulnerabilities from potential cyber-attacks and defense strategies as well as adoption of current blockchain technology in BMSs, which will be used as a cyber security baseline reference to BMS developers. The implementation of blockchain technology is promising to protect BMSs from malicious cyber-physical attacks and ensure the secure utilization of battery systems for numerous applications in cyber-physical environments.
Maintenance of Yeast Genome Integrity by RecQ Family DNA Helicases

With roles in DNA repair, recombination, replication and transcription, members of the RecQ DNA helicase family maintain genome integrity from bacteria to mammals. Mutations in human RecQ helicases BLM, WRN and RecQL4 cause incurable disorders characterized by genome instability, increased cancer predisposition and premature adult-onset aging. Yeast cells lacking the RecQ helicase Sgs1 share many of the cellular defects of human cells lacking BLM, including hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents and replication stress, shortened lifespan, genome instability and mitotic hyper-recombination, making them invaluable model systems for elucidating eukaryotic RecQ helicase function. Yeast and human RecQ helicases have common DNA substrates and domain structures and share similar physical interaction partners. Here, we review the major cellular functions of the yeast RecQ helicases Sgs1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rqh1 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and provide an outlook on some of the outstanding questions in the field.
Development and validation of a novel EHR-based tumor progression outcome to support biomarker discovery.

e19297Background: Obtaining clinical outcomes for analysis has historically been a critical barrier to cancer genomics research. EHRs could constitute an important data source to bridge this gap, b...
Recurrence patterns and postrecurrence survival after curative intent resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a high rate of recurrence after resection. We aimed to investigate patterns of recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to identify opportunities for targeted intervention toward improving survival. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients that underwent curative-intent resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma between 2007 and 2015. Recurrence and survival were analyzed based on site of recurrence. Multiple clinicopathologic factors were calculated for likelihood of site-specific recurrence. Results The study included 221 patients with median follow-up of 83 months. Median overall and recurrence-free survival was 19 and 13 months, respectively. Recurrence was observed in 71.9% patients. Local recurrence occurred in 16.4%, distant recurrence in 67.3%, and combined in 15.9%. The most common site of distant recurrence was the liver (49.7%) followed by lung (31.8%) and peritoneum (16.6%). Median time to liver recurrence was shortest (5 months, 95% confidence interval 1.7–8.3) and post recurrence survival was poor (4 months, 95% confidence interval 1.9–6.1). Patients with poorly differentiated tumors on pathology were 4.8 times more likely to recur in the liver (odds ratio 4.83, 95% confidence interval 1.7–13.9). Conclusion Liver metastasis after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma occurs most frequently, earliest after surgery, and is rapidly fatal. Liver-directed therapies represent a target for future study.
Prenatal diagnosis of Fetal notochord syndrome: A case report and review of the literature.

Abstract Introduction Split notochord syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by fistula formation between the gastrointestinal tract and skin on the dorsum. Prenatal diagnosis is difficult and most cases are diagnosed postnatally. Clinical findings and diagnosis A 29-year-old woman, gravida 3 para 2, was referred for fetal cystic chest mass on prenatal ultrasound for congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested foregut duplication, and this was confirmed on postnatal thoracotomy with mass excision. A spine dysraphism was suspected on prenatal ultrasound, but was not confirmed on fetal MRI at the time of the study. Neonatal MRI noted vertebral abnormalities, confirming split notochord syndrome. Retrospective examination of the fetal MRI images detected a dysraphism and confirmed the prenatal ultrasound findings. Outcome At 17 months of life, the child had mild symptoms of neurogenic bowel, but was meeting all milestones without neurodevelopmental delays. We present a mild form of split notochord syndrome. Conclusion Split notochord syndrome is difficult to diagnose prenatally and should be considered when a fetal cystic chest mass is found on ultrasound. Detailed vertebrae assessment may improve detection.
Indiana’s Indian Laws: Indigenous Erasure and Racism in the Land of the Indians

In response to a request for funding on Tribal and Indian law research, a director level position from Indiana University stated that the author needed to “clear why a team from the middle of Indiana is positioned to conduct this research” and that it is her job “to point out the obvious.” In the author’s teaching evaluations for her first year property law class, students indicated that they wished the author spent less time on Indian law. These statements are just two examples of the active disdain for the research and study of Indian law within a major university in Indiana, “land of the Indians.” But it is also a symptom of a larger disinterest and hostility to the inclusion of Tribal and Indigenous issues, pervasive across communities and institutions in the state. This article seeks to fill the immense gap in literature related to Indian law in Indiana. It can be a tool for educators, students, and practitioners seeking to learn more about this area of law. First, this article describes the American Indian and Alaska Native communities in Indiana. Next, describes Indiana’s Indian laws both from a state statutory and regulatory perspective as well as the implications of federal laws in Indiana. This article ends with a discussion on the importance of familiarity with Indian law in Indiana and identifies areas in which Indiana’s Indian laws could be strengthened.
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for people who inject drugs

Abstract People who inject drugs (PWID) are a key target population for HIV prevention because they experience HIV risk related to their substance use, injecting behaviors (including sharing injecting equipment), and high-risk sexual networks. Limited clinical trial data and multiple demonstration projects support the feasibility, safety, acceptability, and efficacy of providing PWID with preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. PrEP outcomes are improved when medication adherence is supported and when PrEP is integrated with other harm reduction programs and treatment for substance use disorders. PrEP scale-up among PWID has been challenged by the limited awareness of PrEP and stigmatization of substance use on the part of patients and providers, requiring innovative outreach and healthcare delivery strategies to bring PrEP, as an effective HIV prevention tool, to a target population of PWID.
Measuring driving performance for an All-Terrain Vehicle in a paved road in the woods

This paper provides a technique to rate human driving skills. This technique is initiated using a combination of deep learning in computer vision and Inverse-Reinforcement Learning (IRL). The main idea is to transfer knowledge through human-machine-human. The use of machine learning aims at teaching an agent the best driving attitudes from a human expert driver, then this agent is used to teach humans once again. To achieve that goal, deep learning semantic segmentation (S.S.) efficient network (ENet) was used to detect the road. IRL was used to get the reward function from an expert driver's behavior while driving the All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) in the woods.
Evaluating Definitions for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: National estimates indicate that the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a postnatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, increased more than fivefold between 2004 and 2016. There is no gold standard definition for capturing NAS across clinical, research, and public health settings. Our objective was to evaluate how different definitions of NAS modify the calculated incidence when applied to a known population of opioid-exposed infants. METHODS: Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from opioid-exposed infants born at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in 2018. Six commonly used clinical and surveillance definitions of opioid exposure and NAS were applied to the study population and evaluated for accuracy in assessing clinical withdrawal. RESULTS: A total of 121 opioid-exposed infants met the criteria for inclusion in our study. The proportion of infants who met criteria for NAS varied by predefined definition, ranging from 17.4% for infants who received morphine to 52.8% for infants with the diagnostic code for opioid exposure. Twenty-eight infants (23.1%) received a clinical diagnosis of NAS by a medical provider, and 38 (34.1%) received the diagnostic code for NAS at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant variability in the incidence of opioid exposure and NAS among a single-center population using 6 common definitions. Our findings suggest a need to develop a gold standard definition to be used across clinical, research, and public health surveillance settings.
Prenatal Imaging Diagnosis of Suprarenal Lesions.

Introduction Prenatal suprarenal lesions represent diverse pathologies. This study investigated prenatal imaging features and regression patterns associated with specific lesion diagnoses. Methods This is a multicenter retrospective review of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed suprarenal lesions between 2001 and 2019. Prenatal ultrasound and MRI characteristics, postnatal imaging, and clinical course were reviewed. Prenatal imaging findings were compared by the most common diagnoses and regression patterns. Results Forty-four fetuses were prenatally diagnosed with suprarenal lesions. Diagnoses included pulmonary sequestration (n = 12; 27.3%), adrenal hemorrhage (n = 12; 27.3%), upper quadrant cyst (including 2 duplication cysts, 1 splenic cyst, and 3 indeterminate cysts), neuroblastoma (n = 4), adrenal hyperplasia (n = 3), bilateral adrenal calcifications (n = 1), and indeterminate lesions (n = 6). Sequestrations were uniformly left-sided (100 vs. 50%; p = 0.014) and diagnosed earlier in gestation than adrenal hemorrhages (p = 0.025). Sequestrations were also significantly more likely to have a prenatal feeding vessel (p = 0.005), low T1 MRI signal (p = 0.015), and no MRI blood products (p = 0.018) compared to adrenal hemorrhages. When comparing all 44 patients, a prenatal feeding vessel and low T1 signal on prenatal MRI were significantly associated with lesion persistence (p = 0.003; p = 0.044). Discussion/conclusion Imaging findings on prenatal ultrasound and MRI aid in the diagnosis of suprarenal lesions, including differentiating pulmonary sequestrations and adrenal hemorrhages.
Analyzing the Distinctive Impact of Personality Traits on Serious Gameplay Experience

With the advancement of technology, the handheld devices equipped with various sensors are playing vital role in video game sector. In serious games where the goal is beyond entertainment, handheld devices act as an expedient medium. The accessibility of gaming has been leveraged enhancing its scope of application in various sectors including mental health. Qualitative analysis of gameplay experience is key to perpetuate the standard of game. While it comes to serious games, the impact of gameplay experience may significantly vary depending on the personality of the player. In serious games, where the primary goal is people's cognitive, social, motivational, and emotional enhancement, analyzing this differential impact is crucial. In this paper, we have presented an analysis of the differential impact of personality traits in serious gaming context. To conduct the experiment we have adopted our previously developed game Militant of the Maze (MoM) [38] that comprises one of the efficacious strategies of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Find alternative as underlying gameplay strategy, which is used to treat Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). After conducting a large-scale user experiment and statistical analysis we have demonstrated that individual PX can be significantly impacted by the player's personality trait in a serious gaming context, which may significantly impact the efficacy of the framework to treat neonle with OCD.
The Strategy of Individual Obligation

Everything in the universe bears in some way on the individual. Forces are at work on him of which in most cases he is unaware. At the present time it would be altogether impossible to make a computer analysis of all the elements which could and should be brought to bear on the making of any single moral decision. It is difficult to evaluate any given situation; for the values involved are many in every case and they all belong to a value-system the dimensions of which still remain largely unknown. Thus moral decisions must be left for the time being to other means Some progress, however, can be made. It is only by increasing his knowledge that he can hope to think about the extent of his involvement and if possible to choose the preferred course of action. In this sense Socrates is right that knowledge is virtue, since increased knowledge leads at least to the possibility of increased virtue; and Dewey is right that leading the moral life presupposes an activity of inquiry. The requisite for the solution of any problem, then, is understanding. We must first know what the problem is and then consider the proper method of solving it. What should we do and what tools do we have at hand for doing it?
The Story Performance Handbook

Contents: Preface. Part I: Reading Aloud. Introduction to Reading Aloud. Reading Aloud Picture Books. Reading Aloud Chapter Books. Reading Poetry Aloud. Part II: Transition to Storytelling. Sharing Stories Through the Use of Props. Part III: Storytelling. Introduction to Storytelling. Stand-Up Storytelling. Telling Your Own Self-Created Tales. Part IV: Developing Story Performance Programs. Creating a Story Performance Program.
Mls Antigens (Superantigens), Class II MHC, and TCR Repertoire: Co-Adaptive Evolution

Mls or superantigen system differs from the conventional peptide antigens as well as mitogens and can be classified as endogenous superantigens, encoded by genes residing in the mouse genome itself, and exogenous superantigens, derived from viral, bacterial, or mycoplasma infection or immunization. In mouse the endogenous superantigens are mouse mammary tumor viral genes, which are scattered throughout the mouse genome. During thymic differentiation, T cells which respond to endogenous superantigens in the context of self MHC class II molecules are clonally deleted. Thus T cells expressing self reactive variable region receptors are eliminated. Studies on the exogenous superantigens demonstrated that superantigens bind to the region on MHC class II which is outside of the conventional peptide binding pocket and stimulate T cells through the interaction with specific Vb chain of T cell receptor. The superantigen system has not been discovered in the human.
SU‐E‐J‐165: Dosimetric Impact of Liver Rotations in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Purpose: Often in liver stereotactic body radiotherapy a single fiducial is implanted near the tumor for image-guided treatment delivery. In such cases, rotational corrections are calculated based on the spine. This study quantifies rotational differences between the spine and liver, and investigates the corresponding dosimetric impact. Methods: Seven patients with 3 intrahepatic fiducials and 4DCT scans were identified. The planning CT was separately co-registered with 4 phases of the 4DCT (0%, 50%, 100% inhale and 50% exhale) by 1) rigid registration of the spine, and 2) point-based registration of the 3 fiducials. Rotation vectors were calculated for each registration. Translational differences in fiducial positions between the 2 registrations methods were investigated. Dosimetric impact due to liver rotations and deformations was assessed using critical structures delineated on the 4DCT phases. For dose comparisons, a single fiducial was translationally aligned following spine alignment to represent what is typically done in the clinic. Results: On average, differences between spine and liver rotations during the 0%, 50%, 100% inhale, and 50% exhale phases were 3.23°, 3.27°, 2.26° and 3.11° (pitch), 3.00°, 2.24°, 3.12° and 1.73° (roll), and 1.57°, 1.98°, 2.09° and 1.36° (yaw), respectively. The maximum difference in rotations was 12°, with differences ofmore » >3° seen in 14/28 (pitch), 10/28 (roll), and 6/28 (yaw) cases. Average fiducial displacements of 2.73 (craniocaudal), 1.04 (lateral) and 1.82 mm (vertical) were seen. Evaluating percent dose differences for 5 patients at the peaks of the respiratory cycle, the maximum dose to the duodenum, stomach, bowel and esophagus differed on average by 11.4%, 5.3%, 11.2% and 49.1% between the 2 registration methods. Conclusion: Lack of accounting for liver rotation during treatment might Result in clinically significant dose differences to critical structures. Both rotational and translational deviations should be considered in planning margins when using spine alignment for liver treatments.« less
Federal Estate Tax Planning and the Nonresident Alien: The Costly Privilege of Dying an American

In the past, governments imposed taxes primarily for the production of revenue. Today, however, the power to tax is also used to change the distribution of wealth within the society. * Low rates of taxation2 provide little incentive to the taxpayer to avoid or evade taxes.3 However, rates in excess of fifty percent are now common in almost every industrial nation and are considered by many confiscatory.4 These assessments, together with a philosophy that no one is obligated to pay more taxes than the law requires,5 make tax planning a necessity and a way of life.
Designing Dynamic Web Pages in the WYSIWYG Interface

WebSheets is a programming in the WYSIWYG interface tool for building dynamic web pages that connect to databases. The system allows designers to “program” by entering query by example (QBE) and spreadsheet formulas into visual components of HTML documents. The system then automatically generates dynamic web pages that can be executed in a browser.
A Challenge Set for Advancing Language Modeling

In this paper, we describe a new, publicly available corpus intended to stimulate research into language modeling techniques which are sensitive to overall sentence coherence. The task uses the Scholastic Aptitude Test's sentence completion format. The test set consists of 1040 sentences, each of which is missing a content word. The goal is to select the correct replacement from amongst five alternates. In general, all of the options are syntactically valid, and reasonable with respect to local N-gram statistics. The set was generated by using an N-gram language model to generate a long list of likely words, given the immediate context. These options were then hand-groomed, to identify four decoys which are globally incoherent, yet syntactically correct. To ensure the right to public distribution, all the data is derived from out-of-copyright materials from Project Gutenberg. The test sentences were derived from five of Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes novels, and we provide a large set of Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century texts as training material.
Organizational Form, the Business Environment, and Competitive Strategy

This paper uses a principal-agent model to investigate how the business environment affects the decision to delegate or centralize project selection authority. Delegation is optimal when the level of competition is low, economic conditions are moderately, but not extremely, favorable, and good and bad projects are relatively dissimilar. Delegating firms also compete more aggressively, suggesting a link between strategy and structure. Finally, there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between the number of competitors for a project and the value realized by the project's sponsor, implying that competition among counterparties in the "value net" does not always benefit the focal enterprise.
The DSM–5 Diagnostic Criteria: What's New?

There has been much discussion about the revisions in the new, fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) published by the American Psychiatric Association o...
Rationality and moral obligation

Rationality is (“by definition,” as it were) a matter of seeking optimal (best available) resolutions to the problems we face in life. It consists in the intelligent pursuit of appropriate objectives. It impels us to act for the best. Does this mean that rationality requires people to be good? The relationship between morality and rationality has been debated since classical antiquity. In the course of these discussions, it has become clear that various fundamental distinctions are needed to deliberate sensibly about this issue. It is appropriate to begin by attending to some of them.
Monitoring of growth and yield and response to silvicultural treatments

The objectives for monitoring the growth and yield of forests can range from collecting data to validate current management on an ownership to collecting data at a regional level to develop models, measure treatment response, or observe long-term growth trends. Traditional inventory and research data each have drawbacks for observing growth and yield and treatment response. The actual design of a monitoring system should try to minimize these problems, but will depend on the specific objectives. Monitoring of operations may take an inventory-type approach, while gathering regional information to build models requires a design more like research. Each organization must be responsible for monitoring its own operations, however, cooperatives offer a viable and cost effective alternative to gathering regional growth and response data. Monitoring programs will lead to confidence and credibility in management practices and in the use of tested models.
APPLICATION OF THE QUASICLASSICAL METHOD TO INCOHERENT NEUTRON SCATTERING BY MOLECULES.

The quasiclassical theory of neutron scattering is applied to the free rotations of a molecule. The cross section is expressed in terms of solutions to the classical equations of motion. It is seen that if a "short-collision-time" approximation is applied to this result, the so-called Krieger-Nelkin approximation is obtained.
Generalized and extended fuzzy sets with applications

Abstract This paper introduces generalized fuzzy sets, extended fuzzy sets and generalized extended fuzzy sets and shows how these fuzzy sets may arise naturally in some applications. The applications presented are chosen from the areas of decision theory, hierarchical analysis, and expert systems. Zadeh's method of reducing a Level 2 fuzzy set to a regular fuzzy set is generalized to reduce some of these new fuzzy sets to simpler fuzzy sets. What is needed then for applications is an algebra of irreducible generalized (extended) fuzzy sets.
Enantiomeric Dependence of the Far-Infrared Spectra of Polycrystalline Tyrosine and Valine

The far-infrared spectra of polycrystalline samples of tyrosine and valine have been measured using THz time-domain spectroscopy. The crystal structures, vibrational frequencies, and intensities were calculated using CHARMM32b1.
Frenkel-Kontorova Model with Toda Interactions

We have studied the Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model with Toda interactions. The phase diagram is found to be asymmetric due to the exponential form of the Toda interaction. The reflection symmetry observed in the standard FK model is broken here. The singularity spectrum and the generalized dimension are calculated and their dependence on the nonlinearity parameter is discussed. The critical exponents of the gap in the phonon spectrum, the correlation length, and the Peierls-Nabarro barrier are found to be the same as those in the standard FK model and are independent of the nonlinearity parameter.
Mixing volume calculations, sources and aging trends of Floridan aquifer water by uranium isotopic methods☆

Abstract The activity ratio (A.R.) of two naturally occurring isotopes of uranium, U-238 and U-234, varies significantly in aqueous environments. The A.R., used in conjunction with the uranium concentration, provides a ‘fingerprint’ of groundwater masses and, by use of these parameters, mixing volumes and flow patterns can be determined. This method was applied to two large limestone springs in central Florida; the mixing volumes and flow patterns calculated are notably similar to those derived by standard hydrologic methods. In deeper parts of the aquifer, the waters are found to have low uranium concentration and a pattern of higher A.R.'s suggestive of an aging effect.
Effects of curing on green mold and stem-end rot of citrus fruit and its potential application under Florida packing system

ABSTRACT The potential of citrus fruit curing for the control of green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum, and the impact of this treatment on stem-end rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae were investigated. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth of P. digitatum and L. theobromae were about 25 and 30°C, respectively. P. digitatum did not grow at 35°C, while L. theobromae did. Injuries of ‘Valencia’ oranges developed less green mold disease at 30 and 35°C than at 25°C or lower. Green mold incidences on ‘Valencia’ oranges treated at 21°C (uncured control), 30 and 35°C for 48 h were 51, 17.4, and 0%, respectively, for inoculated fruit, and 18.8, 11.4, and 0%, respectively, for wounded fruit after 2 weeks of storage at 21°C. However, a significant increase in stem-end rot occurred at 35°C when compared with 21°C (uncured control). In two of three different tests, curing fruit at 35°C for 48 h achieved better green mold control than a shorter curing time of 24 h. Curing ‘Pineapple’ oranges showed a s...
Active Learning through a Debate Series in a First-Year Pharmacy Self-Care Course

Objective. To evaluate the usefulness of formal debates in the pharmacy classroom as a way to learn course material and as a tool for developing competency in essential skills including critical thinking, communication, public speaking, research methods, and teamwork.Design. Debates were incorporated into a self-care course, where students were assigned different debate topics focused on controversial issues. Quantitative analysis was completed to assess debate style learning, knowledge about the subjects presented, and the impact on necessary skills.Assessment. Quizzes given before and after debates showed up to a 36% improvement in grades and up to a 31% change in opinions on the topic. Students assessed themselves as more competent in the skill sets at the completion of the debate series.Conclusion. Incorporation of debates into didactic style courses offers students an opportunity to improve upon skills that will help them succeed as pharmacists.
The Relation of Langmuir Circulation Processes to the Standard Oil Spill Spreading, Dispersion, and Transport Algorithms

Abstract Most standard oil spill modeling programs neglect the effects of Langmuir circulation (LC). The authors have identified three areas where LC effects may be important in spill behavior. These three areas are spreading, dispersion, and transport. LC will cause the slick to break into windrows when the wind-row formation velocity is comparable to Fay and other spreading forces. Oil dispersion is likely to be enhanced, with droplets carried to greater depth and distributed non-uniformly. Transport velocities for different parts of the slick will vary because of LC, a phenomenon that also occurs because of other factors.
Purification and characterization of calmodulin (lysine 115) N-methyltransferase from Paramecium tetraurelia.

Abstract Calmodulin (lysine 115) N-methyltransferase was purified from the cytosolic fraction of Paramecium tetraurelia by sequential dialysis, cellulose phosphate chromatography, Reactive Red 120 agarose chromatography, and calmodulin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme was purified 6800-fold with a 15% yield. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified enzyme invariably revealed a major protein of 37 kDa that was reproducibly obtained and minor proteins of 35 and 28 kDa that were sometimes obtained in variable yields. The enzyme formed a mixture of mono-, di-, and trimethyllysine residues at lysine 115 of calmodulin in vitro, had a Km for the methyl donor, S-adenosyl methionine (AdoMet), of about 1 μM and a pH optimum of about 7.5. The purified enzyme had an absolute requirement for the reductant DTT for activity, whereas the enzyme in crude fractions did not. The enzyme is a monomer with an estimated molecular mass of 33 kDa. Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ stimulated calmodulin N-methyltransferase activity but Zn2+ did not. Calmodulin N-methyltransferase was inhibited by its reaction product S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH), but not by sinefungin and tubercidin. The calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium and mellitin were inhibitory out W7 was not. The enzyme was not stimulated by Triton X-100 nor by NaCl. Only calmodulins with an unmethylated lysine at residue 115, including cam2 calmodulin, were substrates. Histones and calcium-binding proteins from Paramecium other than calmodulin did not act as substrates for the purified calmodulin N-methyltransferase and no other substrates in the cytosolic fraction were observed.
Influence of process and product variables on extrusion energy and pressure requirements

Abstract Energy and pressure requirements for processing foods as affected by product moisture content and extruder barrel temperature and screw speed were studied using corn gluten meal (CGM) processed in a C.W. Brabender laboratory single-screw cooker-extruder. The extruder screw was 1·9 cm in diameter, had a 3:1 compression ratio and a 20:1 barrel length-to-diameter ratio. The die-end nozzle was 3 mm in diameter. Moisture contents were 14, 20 and 26% (dry basis), extruder barrel temperatures were 120, 145 and 170°C and the extruder screw speeds were 100, 150 and 200 rpm. Regression analysis showed that moisture content contributed most to the variation in energy requirements (32·4%), followed by temperature (12·4%). Effect of screw speed was found to be insignificant. Increasing moisture content and barrel temperature caused specific energy to decrease. Pressure was found to be significantly affected and decreased with increases in all three variables.
ANALYSIS OF 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID IN HUMAN FLUIDS BASED ON ANION EXCHANGE HPLC

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), a metabolite of serotonin is utilized clinically to detect the carcinoid tumors. A simple method for determination of 5HIAA in urine, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is described. For quantitation in urine, the method is based on a single step extraction followed by separation on an anion exchange short column. This type of column enabled the direct injection of the organic solvent on the column without any interference in the spectra or symmetry of the peak. For serum and (CSF) analysis acetonitrile deproteinization was used with injection on the same column. 5HIAA was detected by its native fluorescence which was more sensitive and more suited for daily routine analysis compared to the more common electrochemical detection. Reference range for 5HIAA in different human fluids is determined. Patients with carcinoid syndrome showed elevated levels of 5HIAA in both urine and serum.
Narrowing gender differences in procedure use for acute myocardial infarction: insights from the Worcester heart attack study

OBJECTIVE: To examine age-specific gender differences and trends over time in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of patients admitted with AMI from a community-wide perspective over a 10-year period (1990–1999). SETTING: All hospitals in the Worcester (Mass) metropolitan area (1990 census =437,000). PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: We identified 2,037 women and 2,645 men who were hospitalized in the Worcester metropolitan area with confirmed AMI during six 1-year periods between 1990 and 1999. Four age groups (<55, 55 to 64, 65 to 74 and ≥75 years) of men and women were studied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Use of echocardiography, exercise treadmill testing (ETT), cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during the index hospitalization was examined in relation to age and gender. Overall, women were less likely to undergo ETT, cardiac catheterization, and CABG than were men, and these trends remained after controlling for potentially confounding factors. Between 1990 and 1999, there was a dramatic decrease in ETT, whereas the use of echocardiography remained unchanged. There were marked increases over time in the use of cardiac catheterization and PCI in women and men. Use of cardiac catheterization and PCI increased to a greater extent in women as compared to men. In patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, rates of coronary revascularization were similar between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that women and men with AMI are treated differently with respect to use of diagnostic and revascularization procedures. However, gender differences in the use of these diagnostic and interventional approaches have narrowed over time.
The Viterbi algorithm as an aid in text recognition (Corresp.)

The results of an experiment are described in which contextual information is used to improve the performance of an optical character reader when reading English text. Specifically, English is modeled as a Markov source and the Viterbi algorithm is used to do maximum a posteriori sequence estimation on the output of an optical character reader (OCR).
Completing high-quality global routes

To ensure chip manufacturability, all routes must be completed without violations. Furthermore, the chip's power consumption and performance are determined by the length of its routed wires. Therefore, our work focuses on minimizing wirelength. Our key innovations include: (1) a novel branch-free representation (BFR) for routed nets, (2) a trigonometric penalty function (TPF), (3) dynamic adjustment of Lagrange multipliers (DALM), (4) cyclic net locking (CNL), and (5) aggressive lower-bound estimates (ALBE) for A*-search, resulting in faster routing. We complete all routable ISPD 2008 contest benchmarks and re-placed adaptec suite without violation and produce shorter routes.
Hadron physics and transfinite set theory

Known results in transfinite set theory appear to anticipate many aspects of modern particle physics. Extensive and powerful analogies exist between the very curious theorems on “paradoxical” decompositions in transfinite set theory, and hadron physics with its underlying quark theory. The phenomenon of quark confinement is an example of a topic with a natural explanation via the analogies. Further, every observed strong interaction hadron reaction can be envisaged as a paradoxical decomposition or sequence of paradoxical decompositions. The essential role of non-Abelian groups in both hadron physics and paradoxical decompositions is one mathematical link connecting these two areas. The analogies suggest critical roles in physics for transfinite set theory and nonmeasurable sets.
Accelerated Moisture Conditioning Process of Lime-Stabilized Clays

Lime stabilization is a common procedure currently used in road construction. This technique is particularly attractive for improving the subgrade material for low-volume unpaved or low-cost paved roads. Selection of the proper concentration of lime for stabilization of clays is primarily based on achieving a target pH value. A number of parameters—such as the interaction between the mineralogy of the clay materials and the additives in the presence or absence of moisture, construction methods, and curing processes—significantly affect the performance of stabilized clays. If the selected concentration of additives is not adequate to ensure shortand long-term strength and durability, the stabilization will be ineffective, and pavement rehabilitations, requiring costly repairs and road closures, will be necessary. Many state highway agencies supplement this design process with other tests to ensure that proper strength, stiffness, and durability can be achieved. The most common parameter considered for this...
A cost operator approach to multistage location-allocation

Abstract The multistage factory-warehouse location-allocation problem is to decide on locations of warehouses and shipping amounts from the factories through the warehouses to meet customer demands in such a way that the total fixed plus variable costs are minimized. Capacity constraints at factories and warehouses are also imposed. We present a cost operator algorithm for solving this problem. The algorithm takes into account the network structure and the submodularity of the objective function. Computational results with problems taken from the literature as well as new problems are provided.
Task scheduling for energy optimization and temperature improvements

In this paper, we develop several algorithms for simultaneously optimizing for energy and temperature for executing a set of independent tasks on multicore machines. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithms are effectively in achieving these goals.
Research resource in AI and biomedicine at Rutgers University

The fundamental purpose of the Rutgers Research Resource on Computers in Biomedicine is to develop a computer-based framework for significant research in the biomedical sciences and for the application of research results to the solution of important problems in health care. The focal concept is to introduce advanced methods of computer science -- particularly in artificial intelligence -- into specific areas of biomedical inquiry. The computer is used as an integral part of the inquiry process, both for the development and organization of knowledge in a domain and for its utilization in problem solving and in processes of experimentation and theory formation.
Assessment of Using Heat Pumps for Heating in Mobile Homes: A Case Study from North Carolina

Abstract This paper presents the results of “Upgrade and Save”, a program to upgrade the standard electric furnaces and air-conditioning units in Mobile Homes for energy-efficient heat pumps. This program is implemented in North Carolina, USA and pays about $700 through a rebate provided by the North Carolina State Energy Office to the Mobile Homes' owners. The goal of this project is to subsidize low-income families by lowering their heating cost in the winter as well as improving their homes' indoor thermal comfort. More than 300 mobile homes have participated in this program. Field measurements, meter readings of the actual electrical consumption, and annual building energy simulation were used to measure the dollar saving and the indoor thermal comfort improvement in the mobile homes after the heating system upgrade. This research proved that the dollar saving of using the heat pump for heating in mobile homes ranges from $51 to $128 annually.