cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic differentiation and heterozygosity in pinyon pine associated with resistance to herbivory and environmental stress

Arizona's Sunset Crater began erupting in 1064 AD and for the next 200 years buried over 2,000 km2 in ash, cinders, and lava. Soil analyses indicate that pinyon pines (Pinus edulis) currently colonizing the cinder fields are faced with a highly stressful environment. Many of these pinyons suffer chronic, intense insect herbivory that reduces plant growth and eliminates female cone production. In contrast, herbivory among pinyons growing in neighboring sandy-loam soils is minimal. Furthermore, numerous trees within the heavily infested cinder field population suffer relatively low herbivory and maintain normal growth and reproduction. We used four polymorphic enzymes to examine the relationship between herbivore attack, environmental stress and genotypes of the adjacent cinder field, and sandy-loam soil pinyon populations. Our results demonstrate that 1) resistant trees display significant genetic differences and are more heterozygous for two enzymes associated with herbivory than susceptible trees; and 2) the cinder-soil pinyons exhibit significant genetic differences and are more heterozygous for an enzyme associated with environmental stress than the neighboring sandy-loam soil pinyons. We conclude that heterozygosity of specific or closely linked loci may facilitate pinyon resistance to herbivory and environmental stress, and that strong selection across narrow geographic boundaries resulted in rapid genetic differentiation of pinyon populations.
Direct printing of microstructures by femtosecond laser excitation of nanocrystals in solution

We report direct printing of micro/sub-micron structures by femtosecond laser excitation of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in solution. Laser excitation with moderate intensity (1011–1012 W/cm2) induces 2D and 3D deposition of CdTe nanocrystals in aqueous solution, which can be applied for direct printing of microstructures. It is believed that laser irradiation induces charge formation on nanocrystals leading to deposition. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the charged nanocrystals can respond to external electrical bias, enabling a printing approach based on selective laser induced electrophoretic deposition. Finally, energy dispersive X-ray analysis of deposited structures shows oxidation occurs and deposited structure mainly consists of CdxO.
Development of Aquatic Professional Standards

(1971). Development of Aquatic Professional Standards. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 85-86.
Assistive Technology and Support Provision for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Introduction to the Topical Issue

This introduction to the topical issue on assistive technology (AT) and support needs for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disability begins with a rationale for AT use and continues with a brief discussion of the shift from a deficit to a support provision focus in intellectual and/or developmental disability (I/DD). The Supports Intensity Scale (SIS; Thompson et al., 2004), a measure designed specifically to assess support needs also is introduced, along with an overview of each contributing article.
Scanning electron microscopy of erythrocytes of dog, cat, cow, horse, sheep and goat.

Summary Erythrocytes of the dog, cat, cow, horse, sheep and goat were studied with the scanning electron microscope. In whole blood fixed immediately after venipuncture, biconcave erythrocytes were seen in all species, but their proportion and the degree of concavity varied. Typical biconcave erythrocytes were seen in the dog, cow and sheep, while the erythrocytes of the horse and cat had shallow concavity and most of the erythrocytes of the goat were rather flat or had a slight depression of the surface. The cow and, to some extent, the sheep also had uniconcave bowl-shaped erythrocytes. These cells assumed several different profiles on the coverslip preparations examined. Poihilocytosis tvas prominent among caprine erythrocytes. One goat had many spindle-shaped cells in addition to rod-shaped cells with rounded ends and other morphological forms. A few ovine erythrocytes possessed one or more wart-like protuberances on their surface.
Establishing Reference Demography for Conservation: A Case Study of Macrochelys temminckii in Spring Creek, Georgia

Abstract: The conservation of large, long-lived turtle species can be a challenging issue because their life-history strategies make populations sensitive to changes in adult survivorship and populations may be difficult to sample. The Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) is a large freshwater turtle species occurring in North America for which commercial harvest has severely reduced populations throughout the species range. Given recent population declines and a general deficit of demographic knowledge for Macrochelys, we conducted a mark–recapture study of M. temminckii from 1997–2013 in Spring Creek, Georgia, USA. We made 166 captures of 75 individuals using baited hoop-net traps and skin-diving searches. The observed and estimated population structure described the adult sex ratio as even and adults as more abundant than juveniles. Apparent survival was higher for adult males (0.98) and females (0.95) than for juveniles (0.86), and we estimated a population density of 13–14 turtles/stre...
F-18 FDG Brain PET in a Para-Neoplastric Syndrome Patient with Anti NMDA Receptor Encephalitis

The encephalitis associated with antibodies (Ab) against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) was first discovered in 2007 [1]. Since then, there have been several reports on clinical features and diagnostic tools for better understanding the pathophysiology of this disease. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Fluoro-2-Deoxy- D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG PET), and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) with 99mtc-D,LHexamethyl- Propyleneamine Oxime (HMPAO) have shown a variety of abnormal findings but with no conclusion of characteristic features. High serum Ab titer for NMDA receptor and abnormal Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) evaluation are present in majority of the patients [2] and have been considered the diagnostic standard. However, noninvasive imaging diagnostic evaluation of this syndrome has not been established yet.
Estimating image velocity with convected activation profiles: analysis and improvements for special cases

The method of convected activation profiles was developed to measure short-range visual motion of edge and point features in time-varying imagery. Each feature is assumed to generate a spatiotemporal Gaussian activation profile that results in a shape-preserved activity wave that is convected along with that feature, and the phase velocity of the wave provides a velocity estimate of the feature. By this method, both explicit feature tracking (a complex and computationally expensive operation) and the assumption that intensity is convected (which is rarely justified) are avoided. The method is suitable for real-time implementations and can be described in terms of shunting dynamics of neural systems. Spatiotemporal filters that measure the velocity of lines and points were described and demonstrated in the earlier work: this paper presents a detailed analysis of the accuracy of the method in scenes consisting of highly textured objects with fixed projections onto the image plane. We also describe how to accurately measure the velocity of short lines and line ends; in the past the velocity of short lines was severely underestimated, and the velocity of line ends could only be measured by recognizing line end features and evaluating the speed of these "point" features in isolation. This new method simplifies velocity extraction yet requires no additional computation. Finally, we clarify our earlier suggestion for selecting a velocity estimate from among several filters of different scales.
Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation

(1985). Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 78, No. 3, pp. 13-19.
Complex and Novel Associations of the Guanine Exchange Factors Cool- 1 and Cool-2 with the Scaffolding Proteins GIT1 and GIT2 in Human Platelets

Abstract A major signaling pathway that regulates platelet shape change and reorganization of the cytoskeleton involves the Rho family of GTPases; CDC42 (fillapodia), Rac1 (lamellapodia) and RhoA (focal adhesions). These GTPases are converted from their inactive or GDP-loaded state to the active or GTP-loaded state by a class of enzymes called Guanine Exchange Factors (GEFs). GEFs are a family of multi-domain proteins that contain a GDP-GTP exchange domain (DH-PH) as well as other protein interacting domains that are regulated by the activation of receptors present on the platelet surface. We used an affinity binding technique followed by mass spectroscopy to identify novel Rho family binding GEFs in platelet lysates. Recombinant GST-Rho fusion proteins bound to agarose beads were prepared in the GTP, GDP and nucleotide-free states and incubated with clarified human platelet lysates. Platelet lysate proteins associated with the different GST-Rho preparations were eluted and run on SDS-PAGE. Gel slices were then cut out, trypsin digested and analyzed by Mass Spectroscopy. Platelet GEFs were identified by the presence of a DH-PH domain. Using this technique we found Cool-1 and Cool-2, two closely related GEFs that regulate Rac1 and CDC42 activation in nucleated cells. Cool-1 has not been previously described in platelets. Homodimeric Cool-1 specifically activates CDC42, whereas Cool-2 is capable of activating Rac1 as a homodimer or CDC42 as a monomer. The substrate specificity of Cool-2 is regulated by complex interactions with p21-activated kinases (PAK) and Gb/g proteins. In nucleated cells, Cool-1 and Cool-2 are localized to focal adhesions by the GPCR-kinase-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (GIT1 and GIT2). GIT binding to the Cool proteins has been shown to inhibit their GEF activity. Here we show that Cool-1 is present only in the membrane fraction of resting platelet lysates while Cool-2 is present in both the membrane and cytoplasmic fractions. Upon activation with thrombin, about half the membrane bound Cool-1 and all the membrane bound Cool- 2 migrate to the cytoplasm. Precipitation experiments in thrombin activated platelets with anti-GIT1 and anti-GIT2 antibodies show GIT-1 avidly binds Cool-2 whereas GIT2 binds a small amount of Cool-1. These data suggest a complex mechanism of CDC42 and Rac1 activation in platelets by the Cool proteins. Based on our findings and the current understanding of the regulation of Cool proteins in nucleated cells, we hypothesize that early after thrombin activation, the CDC42 and Rac1 GEF activities of Cool-1 and Cool-2 result in fillapodia (CDC42) and lamellapodia (Rac1) formation. As integrant mediated focal adhesions are formed, the GEF activities of Cool-1 and Cool-2 are inhibited by the scaffolding proteins GIT2 and GIT1, respectively. In this manner, Rac1 and CDC42 mediated fillapodia and lamellapodia formation may be regulated by the extent of integrin engagement and platelet spreading.
Novel Anti-fibrotic Therapies

Fibrosis is a major player in cardiovascular disease, both as a contributor to the development of disease, as well as a post-injury response that drives progression. Despite the identification of many mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular fibrosis, to date no treatments have emerged that have effectively reduced the excess deposition of extracellular matrix associated with fibrotic conditions. Novel treatments have recently been identified that hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases associated with fibrosis, as well as other fibrotic conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of emerging antifibrotic agents that have shown encouraging results in preclinical or early clinical studies, but have not yet been approved for use in human disease. One of these agents is bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7), which has beneficial effects in multiple models of fibrotic disease. Another approach discussed involves altering the levels of micro-RNA (miR) species, including miR-29 and miR-101, which regulate the expression of fibrosis-related gene targets. Further, the antifibrotic potential of agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors will be discussed. Finally, evidence will be reviewed in support of the polypeptide hormone relaxin. Relaxin is long known for its extracellular remodeling properties in pregnancy, and is rapidly emerging as an effective antifibrotic agent in a number of organ systems. Moreover, relaxin has potent vascular and renal effects that make it a particularly attractive approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In each case, the mechanism of action and the applicability to various fibrotic diseases will be discussed.
Comparative and Experimental Studies on the Genes Altered by Chronic Hypoxia in Human Brain Microendothelial Cells.

Abstract Background: Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) is a master regulator of acute hypoxia; however, with chronic hypoxia, HIF1A levels return to the normoxic levels. Importantly, the genes that are involved in the cell survival and viability under chronic hypoxia are not known. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia leads to the upregulation of a core group of genes with associated changes in the promoter DNA methylation that mediates the cell survival under hypoxia. Results: We examined the effect of chronic hypoxia (3 days; 0.5% oxygen) on human brain micro endothelial cells viability and apoptosis. Hypoxia caused a significant reduction in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. Next, we examined chronic hypoxia associated changes in transcriptome and genome-wide promoter methylation. The data obtained was compared with 16 other microarray studies on chronic hypoxia. Nine genes were altered in response to chronic hypoxia in all 17 studies. Interestingly, HIF1A was not altered with chronic hypoxia in any of the studies. Furthermore, we compared our data to three other studies that identified HIF-responsive genes by various approaches. Only two genes were found to be HIF dependent. We silenced each of these 9 genes using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Downregulation of EGLN3 significantly increased the cell death under chronic hypoxia, whereas downregulation of ERO1L, ENO2, adrenomedullin, and spag4 reduced the cell death under hypoxia. Conclusions: We provide a core group of genes that regulates cellular acclimatization under chronic hypoxic stress, and most of them are HIF independent.
Influence of light and temperature on germination of sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum (L.)DC.).

Sourwood seed held at a constant temperature of 25°C (77°F) exhibited the highest germination percentage when exposed to 4 or more hours of light daily. There were no significant differences in germination percentages among seeds exposed to 4, 8 or continuous light during each 24 hour cycle. Seeds exposed to 1 hour of light daily and subjected to 20°C (68°F), 22.5°C (72.5°F), 25°C (77°F), 28°C (82.4°F), 25/15°C (77/59°F) or 30/20°C (86/68°F) exhibited the highest germination percentages at the alternating temperatures. Further, germination interval was shorter when seed were exposed to 30/20°C (86/68°F) than 25/15°C (77/59°P).
Benzene adsorption on two-dimensional silica films - Benzene on silicatene

Abstract The kinetics of benzene adsorption on monatomic crystalline silica films (silicatene) was studied, employing temperature programmed desorption (TPD). In addition, the precursor of the silica film formation, a Mo(1 1 2)-p(1 × 3)-O missing row reconstruction, and Mo(1 1 2) were considered. Benzene adsorbed molecularly on all surfaces. Judged by the desorption temperatures, the adsorption on the Mo oxygen phase is stronger than on silica. Two binding sites were evident for the oxygen induced reconstruction, but only one for silica. Thus, the adsorption kinetics on the support and the monoatomic thin silica film were quite different. In addition, the surfaces were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction (LEED).
Evaluating the E3SM Land Model at a temperate forest site using flux and soil water measurements

Abstract. Accurate simulations of soil respiration and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) efflux are critical to project global biogeochemical cycles and the magnitude of carbon (C) feedbacks to climate change in Earth system models (ESMs). Currently, soil respiration is not represented well in ESMs, and few studies have attempted to address this deficiency. In this study, we evaluated the simulation of soil respiration in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) using long-term observations from the Missouri Ozark AmeriFlux (MOFLUX) forest site in the central U.S. Simulations using the default model parameters significantly underestimated annual soil respiration and gross primary production, while underestimating soil water potential during growing seasons and overestimating it during non-growing seasons. A site-specific soil water retention curve significantly improved modelled soil water potential, gross primary production and soil respiration. However, the model continued to underestimate soil respiration during peak growing seasons, and overestimate soil respiration during non-peak growing seasons. One potential reason may be that the current model does not adequately represent the seasonal cycle of microbial organisms and soil macroinvertebrates, which have high biomass and activity during peak growing seasons and tend to be dormant during non-growing seasons. Our results confirm that modelling soil respiration can be significantly improved by better model representations of the soil water retention curve.
Elementary Processes and Fluctuations

To understand matter on a macroscopic scale, it is necessary to pay attention to its molecular makeup. That is one of the lessons to be learned from the kinetic theory of Maxwell and Boltzmann. Another lesson from kinetic theory is that the dynamical equations, which describe the change of macroscopic systems, have thermodynamics built into them. Indeed, this is the basic content of Boltzmann’s H-theorem. This is also apparent in the Onsager theory which is based on the observation that thermodynamic forces are responsible for the relaxation to equilibrium. In the Onsager theory molecular fluctuations are also related to thermodynamic quantities: The stationary equilibrium fluctuations are determined by the second differential of the entropy, δ2S, and the random noise in the thermodynamic fluxes is determined by the dynamic coupling matrix, Lij. All this suggests that both thermodynamics and fluctuations are imbedded in a deeper formalism—a formalism which, like the Boltzmann equation, is based on a picture of molecular events.
Relaxation Phenomena for Chemists

The term “relaxation,” as employed here, is used to indicate that time-dependent effects are occurring in the system under study. The system is said to be “relaxing” among its various accessible states. The term “relaxation” is a minomer here since in conventional parlance it implies that the resulting state is less tense or rigid. This is a concept that has little meaning in our context, since we will not be discussing systems that are prepared in a nonequilibrium excited state and allowed to evolve by losing energy to reach thermal equilibrium. A more specific description of the phenomena we will discuss can be given as follows. Radiating or absorbing systems often experience time-dependent interactions with their environment, and as a consequence of these external time-dependent interactions the systems will evolve in time through the states determined by the system Hamiltonian. This time evolution in which the system goes from one state to another available and accessible state, following a random “path”, is often termed relaxation. We will be interested in situations in which the external time-dependent interactions can be modeled such that the system moves randomly (or stochastically) through its accessible states. Since the radiating (or absorbing) system experiences time-dependent interactions with its environment, the resulting emission (or absorption) spectra will be different for different relaxation conditions and also from that observed in the time-independent case. It is these spectral changes and their relation to various relaxation processes and physical parameters, as observed using Mossbauer spectroscopy, that will be the subject of this chapter.
Studies on the uptake of hexose phosphates. 3. Mechanism of uptake of glucose 1-phosphate in Escherichia coli.

A wild strain of Escherichia coli utilizes glucose 1-phosphate by hydrolysis of the ester at the cell surface, after which the glucose moiety but not the phosphate group enters the cell. However, when these cells are induced by treatment with glucose 6-phosphate, they are able to take up both glucose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate without preliminary hydrolysis. Mutant strains of E. coli that lack Enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system are unable to grow in the presence of glucose or glucose 1-phosphate as a carbon source. These strains show uptake of 14C-glucose 1-phosphate after being induced with glucose 6-phosphate. Mutant strains have been isolated that lack Enzyme I and are constitutive for the hexose phosphate transport system. They can grow on glucose 6-phosphate or glucose 1-phosphate, but not on glucose as carbon source. In these strains the uptake of 14C-glucose 1-phosphate involves entry of the entire molecule, and uptake is inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate. It is concluded that glucose 1-phosphate may be used by E. coli after preliminary hydrolysis by a surface phosphatase which is effective at neutral pH. In addition, glucose 1-phosphate is a substrate, but not an inducer, for the hexose phosphate transport system that is active with glucose 6-phosphate and related compounds.
On the Tests on Factor Risk Premiums in Beta Estimation Methods

In order to see whether an asset pricing factor is "priced," we often test the null hypothesis that a factor risk premium is zero in beta estimation method. By theoretical analysis and Monte-Carlo study, this paper provides evidence that unless the constant term (average pricing error) is indistinguishable from zero (i.e., unless the model is believed to be correctly specied by other evidence), this test may not provide meaningful information in the sense that even a useless factor (which does not have any cross-sectional information and should be out of the model) may reject this hypothesis just like a true, priced factor. Further, it is shown that a source of Menzly's (2003) "infuential observations" is related to this failure to detect useless factors, so infuential observations may signal that the assumed factor is useless. In addition, if assumed factors are excess returns, additional tests of hypotheses related to "beta equals one" for those factors can be a good remedy to this problem. A new statistic to test this hypothesis is derived using the GMM specification equivalent to the beta estimation procedure.
Modeling the Behavior of Pre-Stressed Concrete Railroad Ties

Early failure of pre-stressed concrete railroad ties in the field is a costly occurrence with modern ties. A key predictor of the performance of a pre-stressed concrete cross tie is the transfer length. Assuring that the transfer length is less than the position of the rail seat is necessary to establish the full pre-stressing force at the load point of the concrete tie.Models have been developed based upon empirical data to predict the transfer length of concrete members given key design parameters. Given the release strength and design geometry of the reinforcement steel, accurate predictions can be made as to what the anticipated transfer length will be. The geometry of the indented profile in pre-stressing steel has been found to be critical for minimizing the fracture propensity of the concrete member and reducing the overall transfer length. Edge wall angles of the reinforcement wire indents have been shown within this study to have a critical influence on the fracture propensity of the concrete medium. Steel produced with too shallow or too steep indent edge wall angles generate excessive internal forces rupturing the concrete.By modeling the behavior of the transfer length in concrete members, the design and production tolerances can be better controlled increasing the life expectancy of concrete ties. This results in decreased costs for the rail infrastructure and greater uptime of tracks utilizing pre-stressed concrete railroad ties. By improving the overall design of concrete members and by improving the quality control tests used during production a longer lasting and lower cost product may be achieved.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
A Lane-Based Approach for Large-Scale Strategic Conflict Management for UAS Service Suppliers

This paper provides a detailed airspace capacity analysis for the Federal Aviation Administration’s Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) concept of operations. Prior work has addressed aspects of this problem under specific assumptions about individual behavior of operators (human and autonomous) and the structure of the airspace, however recent discussions held between NASA and industry stakeholders indicate that cooperation will be necessary to minimize the need for tactical collision avoidance. This problem is referred to as Strategic Conflict Management and it imposes constraints on the system that can become computationally intractable. In this paper, an airspace structure inspired by roadway roundabouts, and a computationally tractable trajectory scheduling algorithm for UAS Service Suppliers (USS) are presented to solve this problem.
The influence of stimulus valence on perceptual processing of facial expressions and subsequent response inhibition.

The constant interplay between affective processing and cognitive control supports emotion regulation and appropriate social functioning. Even when affective stimuli are processed implicitly, threat-related stimuli are prioritized in the earliest stages of processing; yet, it remains unclear how implicit attention to affect influences subsequent cognitive control functions. The present study evaluated the influence of affective valence on early perceptual processes and subsequent response inhibition in a context where affective properties of the stimuli (facial expressions) were not critical for performing the task. Participants (N = 32) completed an affective stop-signal task (SST) while their scalp EEGs were recorded. The SST assessed response inhibition while participants implicitly attended to happy and afraid facial expressions that were matched for level of arousal. Behavioral performance was measured via response time and accuracy while physiological response was measured via the P100, N170, and N200/P300 ERP components. Decreased gender discrimination accuracy, delayed P100 latency, and more negative N170 amplitude were observed for afraid faces compared to happy faces, suggesting a shift in processing with respect to face valence. However, differences in stopping accuracy or N200/P300 ERP components during response inhibition were not observed, pointing to top-down cognitive processes likely being recruited to override the early automatic response to prioritize threat-related stimuli. Findings highlight that, in this implicit affective attention task, threat-related stimuli are prioritized early during processing, but implicitly attending to differentially valenced stimuli did not modulate subsequent cognitive control functions.
Efficacy of RICE as Second Line Chemotherapy in Transplant Ineligible Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: a Single Institution Experience.

Abstract Abstract 4757 Background The response of patients with relapse/refractory (s/p CHOPR) Diffuse large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) to RICE chemotherapy in transplant ineligible patients (pts) is not well studied. Methods 28 consecutive pts with DLBCL, relapsed/refractory to CHOPR chemotherapy diagnosed in 2003 to 2008 were studied as a retrospective cohort for clinical presentation, prognostic characteristics and long term survival. Prognostic characteristics and survival was analyzed using fisher's exact test, exact logistic regression and Kaplan Meier analysis. Multiple imputation methods were used for missing data. Results 28 pts, 11(39%) were female, 17(61%) male. 11 (39.3%) African Americans, 12 (42.9%) Hispanic, 3 (11%) Caucasian and 2 (7%) Asians. 3 (10.7%) presented with stage I at diagnosis, 1(3.6%) stage II, 5(17.9%) stage III and 19 (67.9%) stage IV. The median age at diagnosis was 50.5 years (yrs) (22-71). 4 (14.3%) presented with stage I, 5(17.9%) stage II, 9(32.1%) stage III, 10(35.7%) stage IV. 14(50%) had intermediate risk Revised IPI score, 14 (50%) had high risk disease at presentation. 21(75%) had relapse and 7(25%) had refractory disease. Median time to relapse was 12 months (0-40). Median age at relapse was 51.5 yrs (23-72). 4 (14.3%) presented with stage I at relapse, 5 (17.9%) stage II, 9(32.1%) stage III and 10 (35.7%) stage IV. 12(42.8%) had intermediate risk R-IPI score at relapse and 16(57.2%) had high risk R-IPI score. The median follow up was 30 months (8-60). All patients received first line therapy with CHOPR 6-8 cycles. RICE was used as second line therapy. Median number of cycles was 4 (1-7). 10 (35.7%) had a complete response. 13 (46.4%) had partial response and 5 (17.9%) had progression of disease. Disease free survival was 10 months (0-55). Median overall survival was 30.5 months (8-60). There was no treatment related mortality. Extra nodal involvement (p=0.0094) was the only factor that significantly influenced response to RICE chemotherapy. Race (p=0.081) had boarder line significance with African American having poor response compared to other race. Pt with relapsed disease (p=0.013) and extra nodal involvement at relapse (p=0.049) had better disease free survival. The LDH at presentation (p=0.012), no extra nodal involvement at presentation (p=0.004), relapsed disease (p=0.048) and CR to RICE (0.001) significantly influenced overall survival. Conclusion In transplant ineligible patients with relapsed/refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, RICE can be considered as a second line therapy with a response rate of over 80%. The median disease free survival was 10 months, overall survival was 30.5 months. Pt with lower LDH and chemo sensitive disease had better over all survival. Poor response of African Americans to second line chemotherapy needs to be further investigated. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
How Emergency Physicians Approach Refusal of Observation after Naloxone Resuscitation

Abstract Background Patients who are resuscitated with naloxone frequently refuse a period of observation, even though they may be suffering from a variety of medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Emergency physicians (EPs) are then confronted with the challenge of how best to serve patients’ interests while respecting autonomy. Objectives We sought to characterize how EPs think about this kind of dilemma and the strategies they use to resolve them. Methods We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of 59 emergency physicians attending the American College of Emergency Physicians’ Scientific Assembly in October 2018. Three case vignettes highlighting different clinical and ethical features served as prompts. Interviews were analyzed using a constant comparative method to identify patterns of responses and derive key themes. Results Across the vignettes, EPs demonstrated diverse approaches to observation, assessing decision-making capacity and encouraging compliance. Some EPs refused to comply with a patient's wishes even when they had determined a patient demonstrated capacity. Conversely, a few EPs were willing to allow patients to leave the emergency department (ED) without assessing capacity, or despite determining that the patient lacked capacity. Common reasons for complying with patients' demands were concerns about the patients' rights and concerns about the safety of staff. Most physicians interviewed reported no institutional guidelines or education on the topic, and many physicians expressed an interest in providing medication for addiction treatment in the ED. Conclusions EPs approach this clinical and ethical dilemma in widely divergent ways. Consensus about strategies for navigating patients’ wishes relative to clinical concerns are needed to help EPs manage these challenging cases.
Age - a significant independent factor of A1C levels. Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014.

Abstract Aim The aim of our study is to examine the association between age and A1C levels in nondiabetic subjects and develop the age-adjusted A1C levels for screening and diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes. Methods Participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) -1999–2014 with age over 12 years were examined. Individuals with previous diagnosed diabetes, baseline anemia, established hemoglobinopathies, known liver or chronic kidney disease, and abnormal liver function tests or creatinine levels were excluded. Total 16949 subjects consisting of 8651 female subjects and 8298 male subjects were included in the analyses. Linear regression and multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between A1C levels and age. Age adjusted A1C levels were determined. Results Significant positive correlation between A1C and age was found in both female and male subjects in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) interval between 4.4–7 mmol/L (80–126 mg/dL) (P Conclusions Our study concluded that age is a significant independent factor of A1C levels.
Comparative Analysis of Cell formation Algorithms with Alternative Routings

Abstract In this paper, a comparative analysis is presented to demonstrate the performance of space search algorithm. The author developed a space search algorithm for determining machine cell based on the operations of part with consideration of alternative process routing. Cell formation concept makes production system more flexible especially in automated batch type production system. The algorithm performs selection of process plan for parts between several alternatives and assignment of parts in a machine cell simultaneously. Intercellular traffic, size of machine cell, ration of state space expansion and percent elimination factor are considered for decision making. Incorporation of percent elimination factor allows to find the best result which minimize the intercellular traffic movement. The Paper considered several problems from the literature and compare the performance of space search algorithm with Similarity coefficient method in terms of intercellular movement
Clear cell endometrial cancer patients have an increased risk of venous thrombotic events

5597 Objective: To document the rate of clinically significant venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium (CCC-E). Methods: Institutional review board (IR...
Gene diagnosis of infantile neurofibromatosis type I: A case report.

Background Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with various manifestations. Systemic multiple neurofibromatosis is rare in infancy. The disease is difficult to identify in the early stage, and it is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. In the presence of lower limb swelling with subcutaneous nodules of unknown cause, cafe-au-lait spots, and axillary freckles, this disease must be considered. This report presents the clinical manifestations, early detection, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of infantile neurofibromatosis type I (NF1). Case summary The clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, and gene results of a 3-mo-old male infant with NF1 were analyzed retrospectively. He had "swelling of both legs" at the onset and developed cafe-au-lait spots, axillary freckles, and multiple neurofibromas later. He had a family history of similar conditions. Gene detection showed a heterozygous mutation of c.4537C>T in the NF1 gene, leading to a nonsense mutation of amino acids (p.R1513x), which originated from the mother of the infant. He was diagnosed with NF1. Conclusion Gene diagnosis plays an important role in the early diagnosis of NF1.
(In)flexibility during uncertainty? Conceptualizing instructor strictness during a global pandemic

In an essay featured in Inside Higher Ed, Dever and Justice (2020) called for university faculty to utilize empathy when teaching uncertain, frightened students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The au...
Abstract 2892: Silencing cancer-neuronal crosstalk suppresses perineural invasion in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers and is a leading cause of cancer related mortality. Metastasis away from the primary site of CRC creates further complications, resulting in poor prognosis and decreased overall survival of patients. Perineural invasion (PNI) is an emerging field in cancer research that involves interactions between cancer and the nervous system as an alternative route for metastasis. Various studies have been conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms for metastasis, but PNI has been relatively understudied. Accumulating evidence indicate several signaling pathways are key players in the dynamic crosstalk between cancer cells and the nervous system portending the poor prognosis of patients facilitated by PNI. We hypothesize that colon and rectum cancer cells bi-directionally communicate with their adjacent nervous system influencing cancer progression and metastasis. We are using a combination of in vitro and animal models to define mechanisms underlying PNI in CRC. There are two set of experiments in this study as follow: Aim 1 determines whether neuron- cell lines co-cultured with diverse human colon and rectum cancer cells employed both selective soluble and exosome-based communications to have a stimulatory effect on the migration of colon and rectal cancer cells. We use a set of immunocytometry, western blot, flow-cytometry and proteomic approaches to determine key factors selectively used by colon/rectal cancer cells and neuronal cells to promote downstream metastatic pathways. Aim 2 uses a colon or rectal sciatic NIH-III immunodeficient mouse model to study the influence of the nervous system on cancer cells progression and involved signaling pathways in animal model. Completion of this study will uncover the soluble and vesicle factors released by cancer cells and nerve endings during cancer progression and their potential relevance in the treatment of CRC cancer. Citation Format: Colewyn Knoblich, Khosrow Rezvani. Silencing cancer-neuronal crosstalk suppresses perineural invasion in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2892.
Vierendeel Bents with Nonprismatic Members

Inclined chord bents with members of variable section are analyzed by means of modified moment-distribution procedure in which equilibrium between internal forces in chord members and external forces is maintained throughout entire distribution operation; solution is obtained directly with aid of relatively simple expressions for fixed-end moments, stiffnesses and carryover factors.
Models for Automated Motor Skills Training

Motor control tasks are characterized by large inter-subject variability which for efficiency necessitates an individualized approach to training. Because of the storage and memory capacity of the computer, research directed toward automated optimizing of individualized motor skills training is possible. Two studies that examined various training models in motor learning are presented. These models include the linear adaptive model, a learner-centered model, a shifting-difficulty model, and a fixed-difficulty model. Each of these training models was evaluated using a two-dimensional pursuit tracking task with an isometric controller. Feedback in terms of level of task difficulty and level of tracking performance was provided during training. The transfer task involved one seven-minute tracking session in which task difficulty shifted to one of three levels after each minute of tracking. Results for each training model are discussed in terms of training time required to reach the exit criterion and in term...
Sonoanatomy in a team-based combined medical and physician assistant curriculum (722.2)

A curriculum in sonoanatomy was piloted in the Human Structure, Function and Development (HSFD) block at the University of New Mexico. This 10-week block combines anatomy, histology and embryology ...
Hibernating myocardium: a brief article

Hibernating myocardium is a state of persistently impaired myocardial and left ventricular (LV) function at rest due to reduced coronary blood flow that can be partially or completely restored to normal if the myocardial oxygen supply/demand relationship is favorably altered, either by improving blood flow and/or by reducing demand. In a preliminary report, Conversano and co-workers have confirmed that in man there is a reduction of myocardial blood flow in hibernating myocardium when compared to normals (40 ± 5 vs 113 ± 33 ml/min/100 g).
Poisson solvers for self-consistent multi-particle simulations

Self-consistent multi-particle simulation plays an important role in studying beam–beam effects and space charge effects in high-intensity beams. The Poisson equation has to be solved at each time-step based on the particle density distribution in the multi-particle simulation. In this paper, we review a number of numerical methods that can be used to solve the Poisson equation efficiently. The computational complexity of those numerical methods will be O(N log(N)) or O(N) instead of O(N 2 ), where N is the total number of grid points used to solve the Poisson equation.
Regulation of age-related macular degeneration-like pathology by complement factor H

Complement factor H (CFH) is a major susceptibility gene for age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, its impact on AMD pathobiology is unresolved. Here, the role of CFH in the development of AMD pathology in vivo was interrogated by analyzing aged Cfh+/− and Cfh−/− mice fed a high-fat, cholesterol-enriched diet. Strikingly, decreased levels of CFH led to increased sub-retinal pigmented epithelium (sub-RPE) deposit formation, specifically basal laminar deposits, following high-fat diet. Mechanistically, our data show that deposits are due to CFH competition for lipoprotein binding sites in Bruch’s membrane. Interestingly and despite sub-RPE deposit formation occurring in both Cfh+/− and Cfh−/− mice, RPE damage accompanied by loss of vision occurred only in old Cfh+/− mice. We demonstrate that such pathology is a function of excess complement activation in Cfh+/− mice versus complement deficiency in Cfh−/− animals. Due to the CFH-dependent increase in sub-RPE deposit height, we interrogated the potential of CFH as a previously unidentified regulator of Bruch’s membrane lipoprotein binding and show, using human Bruch’s membrane explants, that CFH removes endogenous human lipoproteins in aged donors. Thus, advanced age, high-fat diet, and decreased CFH induce sub-RPE deposit formation leading to complement activation, which contributes to RPE damage and visual function impairment. This new understanding of the complicated interactions of CFH in AMD-like pathology provides an improved foundation for the development of targeted therapies for AMD.
Neural networks of tinnitus in humans: Elucidating severity and habituation

The article reviews current data about the neural correlates of an individual's reaction to tinnitus, primarily from studies that employ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Human studies employing brain imaging remain the most commonly used method to understand neural biomarkers of the reaction to tinnitus, a subjective hearing disorder. Evidence from anatomical and functional MRI studies is reviewed to better understand the large-scale neural networks implicated in tinnitus habituation and severity. These networks are concerned with attention, audition, and emotion, both during tasks and at 'rest' when no goal-directed activity is expected. I place the data in the context of published literature and current theories about tinnitus severity, while explaining the challenges and limitations of human MRI studies. A possible model of habituation to tinnitus is described, that of the attention system (via the frontal cortex) suppressing the response from the amygdala and the use of alternate nodes of the limbic system such as the insula and the parahippocampal gyrus when mediating emotion.
Dental hygiene students' preparation for treatment of patients with mental illnesses.

The purpose of this study is to determine the scope of didactic and clinical experiences dental hygiene students received in 1987 in preparation for treating people with mental illnesses. A 22-item survey was mailed to 200 U.S. dental hygiene programs. The response rate was 69 percent. Sixty-one percent of respondents reported that didactic information on mental illnesses was included in their curricula however, 42 percent reported that the amount of time devoted to this subject was not satisfactory. Students from 57 percent of responding programs did not provide oral care to mentally ill patients; and only 17 percent of respondents believed that the dental hygiene needs of the mentally ill were adequately addressed in their communities. Responses from baccalaureate and certificate/associate degree programs were not statistically significantly different.
The Right to Be Forgotten: Its Weaknesses and Alternatives

In this article we argue that the European Union directive on “the right to be forgotten” is unrealistic and suggest instead a series of principles that can protect us from the potentially harmful publication of private information. The dissemination of personal information through public and private databases as well as social media is gradually educating humanity about reality: humans are weak; everyone misbehaves; and we need to learn to accept public knowledge of the imperfections of ourselves and others.
Comorbidities associated with Sjögren's syndrome: Results from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

Although multiple comorbidities associated with Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) have been reported, reliable data regarding the prevalence of specific comorbidities among patients with SS remain sparse. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and risk for a broad spectrum of medical conditions among patients with SS in the United States. The Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data was utilized in order to investigate 29 different comorbidities among SS patients. Between the years 2007 to 2009 there were 19,127 admissions with SS listed as principal diagnosis (1.3%) and secondary diagnosis (98.7%). Compared with 57,381 controls, SS patients had significantly higher prevalence of lymphoma (OR 1.6), valvular disease (OR 1.42), congestive heart failure (OR 1.28), hypothyroidism (OR 1.24), paralysis (OR 1.24), deficiency anemia (OR 1.16), depression (OR 1.18), neurological disorders (OR 1.17), and chronic pulmonary disease (OR 1.07). SS is associated with substantial medical conditions that may impact morbidity and mortality as well as quality of life for individuals suffering from SS.
Structural distortions in the paramagnetic insulating phase of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3

We report x-ray scattering studies of polarons and tilt ordering in the high-temperature, paramagnetic insulating phase of La{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3}. The temperature dependence of scattering due to individual and correlated polarons was measured, and the latter was found to disappear at {approximately}400 K. The scattering due to tilt ordering, which was observed by tuning the incident photon energy near the La L{sub 1} edge, was also measured as a function of temperature. The destruction of tilt ordering at {approximately}690 K is believed to be associated with the orthorhombic-rhombohedral structural transition.