cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On graceful degradation of chip multiprocessors in presence of faults via flexible pooling of critical execution units

Reliability and manufacturability have emerged as dominant concerns for today's multi-billion transistor chips. In this paper, we investigate how to degrade a chip multiprocessor (CMP) gracefully in presence of faults, by keeping its architected functionality intact at the expense of some loss of performance. The proposed solution involves sharing critical execution resources among cores to survive faults. Recent research has suggested that large datapath units such as FPU and integer division units are good candidates for execution outsourcing to other working cores in CMP. In this paper, we focus on relatively small but critically important integer ALU unit. Outsourcing ALU operations incur large performance penalty and better solutions need to be in place to ensure survivability with minimal performance loss. We propose the provisioning of a shared ALU among a set of cores that can act as a spare for any constituent core in the group. This solution works well for single ALU failures, but leads to resource contention when multiple ALUs fail. Simulation case studies on MediaBench and MiBench benchmarks show that the proposed solution allows the CMP to remain functionally intact with no performance penalty for single ALU failures and no more than 1.5% performance loss on average for failure of single ALU in each core.
Large Plastic Deformations Accompanying the Growth of an Elliptical Hole in a Thin Plate

Within the context of plane stress assumptions and approximations, an analytical solution is derived for the finite deformation of a traction-free elliptical hole in an infinite plate with tensile tractions at infinity. The plate is composed of a non-work-hardening material satisfying the Tresca yield condition under a deformation theory of plasticity. The governing partial differential equations are parabolic in nature and consequently have a single family of mathematical characteristics or slip lines associated with them. Each particle of mass follows a rectilinear path in the plane defined by its slip line which emanates orthogonally from the elliptical hole. By assuming a constant speed for each particle in the plane, a state of plane equilibrium is realized. The originally elliptical hole expands in the shape of an oval which is a parallel curve to the original ellipse. The slip lines remain orthogonal to the evolving oval hole as a necessary condition for a traction-free interior boundary. This solution also satisfies the material stability criterion that the rate of plastic work be positive throughout the entire body for all time. As this solution has some features associated with large deformation crack problems at elevated temperatures, possible applications include secondary or steady-state creep.
Design of a high performance FPGA based fault injector for real-time safety-critical systems

Fault injection methods have long been used to assess fault tolerance and safety. However, many conventional fault injection methods face significant shortcomings, which hinder their ability to execute fault injections on target real-time safety-critical systems.
Thermal equation of state of akimotoite MgSiO3 and effects of the akimotoite–garnet transformation on seismic structure near the 660 km discontinuity

Pressure (P)–volume (V)–temperature (T) relations of akimotoite (ilmenite structured MgSiO3) have been measured up to 19 GPa and 1373 K in a T-Cup multi-anvil apparatus. Polycrystalline specimens synthesized at 21 GPa and 1723 K were loaded in a specially designed cell assembly, together with Au or NaCl pressure standard, for synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies. Two runs were carried out with multiple temperature excursions at various pressures both inside and outside the akimotoite stability field. At conditions outside the stability field, temperature was kept below 873 K, as previous test runs indicated that akimotoite back-transformed to enstatite at about 900 K. In order to minimize effects of non-hydrostatic stress on volume and pressure determination, P–V–T data were collected on cooling cycles from the peak temperature. A total of 134 volume measurements were obtained. Adopting an ambient isothermal bulk modulus (210 GPa) obtained previously using the Brillouin scattering technique, analysis using the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state yielded pressure derivative K � T 0 = 5.6(8), with zero-pressure volume of 263.9(2) A 3 for MgSiO3 akimotoite. The high-temperature data were fit to several thermal equations of state to cross-examine consistency among the thermoelastic parameters obtained. Using the data with NaCl as the pressure standard combined with previous zero-pressure thermal expansion data of [Phys. Chem. Min. 16 (1988) 239], we obtained (∂KT /∂T)P =− 0.040(1) GPa K −1 , with a zero-pressure thermal expansion α0 = 2.41(19) × 10 −5 K −1 . The results were applied to model seismic profiles of the transition zone, in order to examine the effects of akimotoite-forming transitions on lateral velocity variations. In depths where no phase transformations and chemical heterogeneities are present, hotter and colder areas relative to a reference geotherm are characterized by similar dln VS/dlnVP and dlnρ/dlnVS ratios, which are material properties. The akimotoite–garnet phase transformation, however, skews the ratios because akimotoite has much higher acoustic velocities than garnet. Thus if the mantle geotherm is close to the transition temperature, anomalous apparent dln VS/dlnVP and dlnρ/dlnVS ratios may be observed, which are no longer material properties. Aluminum content plays an important role in defining the akimotoite–garnet phase boundary relative to the geotherm and lateral Al variations may cause the transition boundary to fluctuate with depth. Therefore one must be cautious in interpreting seismic tomography observations in the transition zone. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Opportunity for landfill gas-to-energy projects in the U.S.

The article aims to evaluate total cost and benefit of landfill gas-to-energy projects. The evaluation takes into consideration not only the costs of installing and maintaining the necessary equipment and the revenues from selling the electricity or heat, but also potential revenue from carbon trading of the greenhouse gas emissions that are prevented by these projects and benefit from groundwater remediation.
Nitrogen-rich silicon nitride thin films for deep-ultraviolet Mirau interferometry

We report experimental results on UV-transparent low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposition nitride thin films. We show that, by using nitrogen-rich rather than conventionally silicon-rich thin-film membranes, we are able to obtain more than 95% UV transparency below 250 nm, while keeping the stress of the membrane manageable and below standard nitride's giga-Pascal stress. Using these results, we were able to microfabricate a UV Mirau interferometer for correlation microscopy.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED RUNWAY ASSIGNMENT FOR ARRIVAL AIRCRAFT IN THE TERMINAL AREA

A knowledge-based system for scheduling arrival traffic in the terminal area, referred to as the Final Approach Spacing Tool (FAST), has been implemented and operationally tested at the Dallas/Fort Worth Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) facility. Two types of controller advisories are generated by FAST: sequence number and runway assignment. The knowledge base for runway assignment employs a set of hierarchical rules and decision logic that evaluates both performance and workload criteria. This formulation is based on over 2,000 hours of controller-in-the-loop, real-time simulations. In the field tests, controllers had the option to accept or reject the FASTgenerated runway assignments. Results indicate strong adherence to the advisories and increased capacity, with no significant impact on controller workload.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Associated with Macrodactyly

This is a case report of a 17-year-old youth with carpal tunnel syndrome and congenital macrodactyly.
Radiation reaction on moving particles in general relativity

A particle in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black hole is known to trace a geodesic of the Schwarzschild background, to a first approximation. If the interaction of the particle with its own field (scalar, electromagnetic or gravitational) is taken into account, the path is no longer a background geodesic and the self-force that the particle experiences needs to be taken into consideration. In this dissertation, a recently proposed method for the calculation of the self-force is implemented. According to this method the self-force comes from the interaction of the particle with the Regular-Remainder scalar field, electromagnetic potential or metric perturbation. That Regular-Remainder is obtained by subtracting the Singular part (which exerts no force) from the retarded scalar field, electromagnetic potential of metric perturbation generated by the moving particle. First, the Singular scalar fields, electromagnetic potentials and metric perturbations are calculated for different sources moving in a Schwarzschild background. For that, the Thorne-Hartle-Zhang coordinates in the vicinity of the moving source are used. Then a mode-sum regularization method initially proposed for the direct scalar field is followed, and the regularization parameters for the singular part of the scalar field and for the first radial derivative of the singular part of the self-force are calculated. Also, the numerical calculation of the retarded scalar field for a particle moving on a circular geodesic in a Schwarzschild spacetime is presented. Finally, the self-force for a scalar particle moving on a circular Schwarzschild orbit is calculated and some results about the effects of the self-force on the orbital frequency of the circular orbit are presented.
Heightened arousal in the 2-week-old rat: the importance of starvation.

The 2-week-old rat has frequently been reported to be hyperactive; however, the causes of this are disputed. In 3 experiments, with split-litter designs, the following possibilities were eliminated as causative factors: (a) body temperature; (b) nest seeking; and (c) maturation of peripheral sensory, motor, and endocrine systems. In contrast, the isolated 2-week-old rat, in a novel environment, was shown to be very reactive to hunger, however mild. Further, this was true whether the hunger was self-generated during a forced switch in diet or of external origin due to food deprivation. These data are consistent with and supportive of the hypothesis that the 2-week-old rat does not have functionally-mature forebrain inhibitory structures with which to modulate arousal. Thus, even a mild arousal stimulus results in extreme hyperactivity. Further, these results, together with previously published results, suggest that the concurrence of isolation, starvation, and novelty of environment are necessary, but none of these alone is sufficient, for the 2-week-old rat to become hyperactive.
Monkey Electrophysiological and Human Psychophysical Responses to Mutants of the Sweet Protein Brazzein: Delineating Brazzein Sweetness

Responses to brazzein, 25 brazzein mutants and two forms of monellin were studied in two types of experiments: electrophysiological recordings from chorda tympani S fibers of the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, and psychophysical experiments. We found that different mutations at position 29 (changing Asp29 to Ala, Lys or Asn) made the molecule significantly sweeter than brazzein, while mutations at positions 30 or 33 (Lys30Asp or Arg33Ala) removed all sweetness. The same pattern occurred again at the β-turn region, where Glu41Lys gave the highest sweetness score among the mutants tested, whereas a mutation two residues distant (Arg43Ala) abolished the sweetness. The effects of charge and side chain size were examined at two locations, namely positions 29 and 36. The findings indicate that charge is important for eliciting sweetness, whereas the length of the side-chain plays a lesser role. We also found that the N- and C-termini are important for the sweetness of brazzein. The close correlation (r = 0.78) between the results of the above two methods corroborates our hypothesis that S fibers convey sweet taste in primates.
A Cardiomyopathy in a Patient With Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a muscular dystrophy with predominantly proximal distribution of weakness that spares the distal, facial, and extraocular muscles early in the course of the disease. Cardiac muscle may be affected, which may manifest as hypertrophic/dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysrhythmias. Significant cardiac involvement has been documented frequently in LGMD2C-F, 2I, and LGMD1B forms of the disease, rarely in the LGMD1C and 2B subtypes, and thus far have not been reported in type 2A. We report a presentation of severe cardiomyopathy in an adult with muscular dystrophy type 2A. A 23-year-old black man was seen in hospital with complaints of decreased exercise tolerance, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and some presycopal episodes for several weeks. The patient’s LGMD was diagnosed at the age of 21 years. No family history of similar problems was noted. Physical examination at the time revealed decreased …
A demand-side management simulation platform incorporating optimal management of distributed renewable resources

This paper introduces dynamic distributed resource management in a Demand-Side Management (DSM) based simulation tool. The principle purpose of the simulation tool is to illustrate customer-driven DSM operation, and evaluate an estimate for home electricity consumption while minimizing the customer's cost. The tool simulates the operation of household appliances as a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES). The resource management technique is implemented using an optimization algorithm, i.e. Particle Swarm Optimization, which determines the distribution of energy obtained from various sources depending on the load. The validity of the tool is illustrated through an example case study, and compared with the operating costs of the same system without the optimization algorithm.
Firm Size: The Interchangeability of Measures

Firm size has been measured by numerous empirical indicators. Research studies concerned with firm size sometimes assume that these indicators are interchangeable for research purposes. However, an analysis of data on companies from 14 industries indicate that assets and employment, the two most common size measures, may be interchangeable only in certain circumstances.
Independently Expiring Multiarmed Bandits

We give conditions on the optimality of an index policy for multiarmed bandits when arms expire independently. We also give a new simple proof of the optimality of the Gittins index policy for the classic multiarmed bandit problem.
GENETIC MAPPING OF THE pho2, PHO82–pho4 AND pho85 LOCI OF YEAST

The PHO82-pho4 (PHOO-phoD) locus was mapped on the right arm of chromosome VI, 6.5 cM centromere-distal to met10. A pho85 (phoU) mutant was newly isolated, and its map location was determined on the left arm of chromosome XVI, 15 cM centromere-distal to rad1. A mutant gene that causes temperature-sensitive growth on nutrient medium was found very near (or at) the pho85 locus. The supertriploid method was successfully applied to locate the pho2 (phoB) locus on chromosome IV. The pho2 locus was 40 cM from rna11 on the left arm of chromosome IV.
Powering a Supramolecular Machine with a Photoactive Molecular Triad

ions across liposomal membranes by mimicking the photo-syntheticenergytransductionmechanism.Hereinthiscom-munication, we show, in a wholly artificial system, that aphotocurrent is gated by light, the wavelength of which isspecifically tuned to the maximum absorption of the light-absorbingporphyrinchromophoreofamoleculartriad(Fig-ure1a). This nanoscale power supply is used subsequentlytodriveanartificialsupramolecularmachineintheformofapseudorotaxane.Donor–chromophore–fullerene molecular triads, wherethe donor and chromophore have been widely varied, areone of the most successful approaches to mimicking
Alterations in the Electrocardiogram of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Chronic Antihypertensive Therapy With Captopril

To determine whether the electrocardiogram (ECG) could detect a reduction in ventricular mass with chronic antihypertensive therapy, ECGs were obtained in two year old female normotensive (NR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following nine months of treatment with captopril or water. The ECG of untreated SHR was considerably different than that of age- and sex-matched NR. The notable differences were the increased voltage, left axis deviation, a delay in the intrinsicoid deflection, and the increased frequency of left atrial abnormalities. Chronic captopril therapy produced a substantial reduction in left ventricular mass in the SHR (NR, 0.63 +/- 0.01; SHR, 1.08 +/- 0.03; captopril SHR, 0.80 +/- 0.04 g). The ECG reflected this regression of left ventricular hypertrophy since the voltage and axis of the treated SHR were no longer different than those of NR. Thus, the ECG may be effective in evaluating the regression of cardiac hypertrophy in response to chronic therapy in experimental hypertension.
Tumour thickness as a predictor of neck node metastasis at presentation in early T stage squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue

15518 Background: Pakistan has one of the highest incidence of oral cancer in the world. Twenty to thirty percent of the patients have occult neck nodal metastasis at presentation. Elective treatme...
Spatially Explicit Prediction of Wholesale Electricity Prices

Transmission constraints often limit the flow of electricity in a regional transmission network leading to strong interaction effects across different geographically distributed points within the system. In modern wholesale electricity markets, these transmission constraints lead to spatial patterns within the nodal electricity spot prices. This study exploits these spatial patterns to better predict spot prices within a wholesale electricity market. More specifically, we use the latest spatial panel data econometric models to compare within-sample and out-of-sample forecasts against nonspatial panel data models. The spatial panel data approach is explained by demonstrating a simple network optimization model. We find that a dynamic, spatial panel data model provides the best predictions within a forecasting error context. Our results may suggest that the spatial autocorrelation between node prices extends beyond the current market-defined zonal boundaries, which calls into question whether the zonal boun...
Sim City

The most significant challenge in distribution management associated with the so called “smart grid” is that the distribution system becomes an active system-with distributed generation, smart customer loads, electric vehicle charging, smart inverters, distributed storage, and so on. The challenge of an active distribution system affects both the planning functions and the real-time operations of the system. The transition to an active distribution system does not change the need to maintain and improve reliability.
Connecting best practices in public relations to social media strategies for academic libraries

ABSTRACTAcademic libraries worldwide use social media to inform and connect with users. Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Libraries is no different and must keep up with rapidly evolving platforms and user expectations. When our presence stretched across twenty-two channels, we needed to ensure that social media efforts were managed in the most effective and efficient manner possible. To develop a research-based, unified vision for communication for new media, we scanned the literature in the library and public relations fields and then surveyed librarians to address identified gaps. Based on results, we offer recommendations focused on best management practices and strong content strategies.
Mechanical properties of revision ACL reconstruction.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties of a revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction after redrilling the original tibial bone tunnel through a retained composite screw compared with initial soft tissue graft fixation. A total of 24 porcine tendons were fixed to porcine tibial tunnels with a 10 × 35 mm composite interference screw. Following the pullout test, a revision tunnel was drilled through the first interference screw and a second graft was fixed in the bone tunnel using a larger composite screw (11 × 35 mm). Following insertion of the revision screw, the graft was reloaded as described for the primary reconstruction. Load versus displacement data were recorded for each test. There were no significant differences between the primary and revision reconstruction constructs for yield load (p = 0.62), linear stiffness (p = 0.18), maximum failure load (p = 0.57), and yield displacement (p = 0.46). These results indicate that the mechanical properties of tibial fixation for ACL reconstruction with a composite screw following a revision provide similar fixation compared with initial reconstruction in this model. Revising a failed composite ACL construct by means of overdrilling and reinstrumenting may provide fixation equivalent to the initial reconstruction.
Discovery the Operation Model of EPI's in Poor Areas in Guangxi

Objective To discover the operation model for EPI's beneficial cycle in a such a long time. Methods Took the high-risk prediction of measles outbreak and the yellow warning for the poor coverage county as examples, the strategies were carried out in order to arouse the governments' attention. Results The government's high attention, the departments' efforts, and the professional supports made the fund of EPI very effective and the disease got strictly controlled in Guangxi. Conclusion It is necessary to discover a practical and high effective EPI's model according to human orientation and scientific development.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of varicoceles.

Objective To assess the ability of color duplex scrotal ultrasonography to detect subclinical varicoceles and confirm the diagnosis of clinical varicoceles. Design Physical examination, color duplex scrotal ultrasonography and internal spermatic venography was performed on 64 testicular units in 33 men. Setting Male fertility center. Patients Two hundred sixty-two consecutive men being evaluated for male factor infertility of whom 33 agreed to undergo venography. Main Outcome Measures Ultrasonographic measurement of scrotal vein diameter of patients in the supine and upright position, before and during valsalva maneuver, and scrotal vein blood flow reversal with valsalva maneuver was compared with the findings of varicocele by physical examination and venography. Results The best predictor of a varicocele was internal spermatic vein diameter, and the best overall performance of ultrasonography was achieved with the patient at rest in the supine position. The best cutoff point for venous diameter for a clinical varicocele was 3.6 mm and 2.7 mm for a subclinical varicocele, but the overall accuracy was only 63%. Conclusions Confirmatory studies are needed to support the ultrasonographic diagnosis of varicoceles before considering surgical repair.
Structural displacement measurements using DC coupled radar with active transponder

Summary Continuous wave (CW) radar sensors are a promising technology for structural displacement measurement. However, the commonly employed passive backscattering measurement configuration has some limitations for low-power applications of CW radar. To improve displacement measurement performance using the low-power CW radar, an active transponder configuration is introduced. Compared with passive backscattering, the active transponder configuration is capable of increasing the radar's signal power, thereby increasing the signal to noise ratio for more accurate displacement measurement. A series of laboratory experiments to demonstrate the performance of the transponder configuration was conducted, and the experimental results were compared with the results of using the backscattering configuration. The investigation revealed that the signal improvement provided by the transponder is a function of the distance between the transponder and the radar. In addition, a full-scale bridge test with the active transponder configuration was conducted to verify the improved performance. An oblique angle test using the transponder was conducted in the laboratory to demonstrate the potential for flexible installation strategies when deploying the radar/transponder pair for bridge displacement measurements. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical Approaches to Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Ampulla of Vater

Ampullary tumors include a diverse group of benign and malignant neoplasms. A surgical approach to their management was initiated in 1899 by Halsted and continues to evolve. Surgical options include a spectrum of operative procedures designed to relieve symptoms and to remove malignant or potentially malignant tumors. This article discusses the issues relevant to ampullary tumor management with emphasis on the currently accepted and controversial aspects of the surgical approach.
Enacting Critical Pedagogy in an Elementary Methods Course: A Move Toward Re-Imagining Teacher Education

This paper explores enactments of critical pedagogy within an elementary social studies methods course. Critical scholars urge teacher educators to commit to practices that promote equity and social justice for an ever-diversifying student population (see Cochran-Smith, 2004; Nieto, 2000). In a move to disrupt entrenched deficit attitudes, I propose we look beyond what we ask teacher candidates to do and instead engage in critical reflection and dialogues together with our students that push toward nuanced understanding of their future students who are different from themselves. This project details the ways that changing the course procedures, structured activities, and policies provided the opportunity for the students to experience the vibe and feel of an elementary pedagogy that strives for community building focused on learning and societal improvement. I enlist action research to explore a shift in my practices to more explicitly align with the critical pedagogical practices I encourage teacher candidates to enact in their future classrooms.
Benefits of sliceable photonic based transponders in metro networks

In this paper, we analyze benefits of sliceable photonics based transponders (line modules) compared to designs with discrete optics transponder based solutions (CFP/CFP2 - C form-factor pluggable) in Metro Network. The parameters considered are the cost in terms of number of transponders and power utilization. We assume OTN based network with QPSK and 16QAM modulation schemes for the both. We observed that photonic integration based sliceable transponders (sliceable photonics) is much more advantageous than discrete transponder optics, both running with either QPSK or 16QAM modulation schemes. Finally, we compare the effect of modulation schemes on the efficiency of the network by comparing QPSK and 16QAM in discrete transponder optics and show that 16QAM in discrete transponder optics makes the network more inefficient.
CT-guided transgluteal biopsy for systematic sampling of the prostate in patients without rectal access: a 13-year single-center experience.

Objectives The purpose of our study was to examine the safety and diagnostic utility of transgluteal CT-guided prostate biopsy for prostate sampling in patients without rectal access.
Intermental Epiphanies: Rethinking Dubliners with Cognitive Psychology

In this chapter, Martin Brick reconsiders the definition and application of the term “epiphany” to Joyce’s work. Brick points out that epiphanies in Joyce are often social experiences rather than individual moments of personal reflection and clarification. Brick wants us to see Joyce’s epiphanies as signifiers of “joint problem solving,” where the alienation of the modern self is mediated by intermental cognition, underscoring the discursive subtext present in conversations between characters. Brick’s essay points out the slippage of both character and reader epiphanies in Joyce’s text, suggesting the difficulty of pinning down one way of reading the stylistic devices in Dubliners.
An analytical framework for rapid estimate of rain rate during tropical cyclones

Abstract An analytical framework for rapid estimate of rain rate during a translating tropical cyclone was proposed in this study. The efficient analysis framework for rain field is based on the observation that rain-induced momentum flux at Earth's surface cannot be ignored. The total surface stress results mainly from momentum flux contributions of wind and rain. A height-resolving wind field was utilized during the model construction leading to a linear, analytical solution of the surface rain rate. The obtained rain rate model explicitly depends on parameters for a typical tropical cyclone wind field simulation, namely storm location, approach angle, translation speed, radius of maximum wind, pressure profile, surface drag coefficient, and turbulent diffusivity. Hence, it could be readily implemented into state-of-the-art tropical cyclone risk assessment using the Monte Carlo technique. The rainbands in the proposed methodology were simulated using a local perturbation scheme. Sensitivity analysis of the rainfall field to the abovementioned parameters was comprehensively conducted. The results generated by the present analytical framework for rapid estimate of rain rate during tropical cyclones are consistent with field measurements.
Tandem trapped ion mobility spectrometry

There is currently a strong interest in the use of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) instrumentation for structural biology. In these applications, momentum transfer cross sections derived from IMS-MS measurements are used to reconstruct the three-dimensional analyte structure. Recent reports indicate that additional structural information can be extracted from measuring changes in cross sections in response to changes of the analyte structure. To further this approach, we constructed a tandem trapped IMS analyser (TIMS-TIMS) and incorporated it in a QqTOF mass spectrometer. TIMS-TIMS is constructed by coupling two TIMS analysers via an “interface region” composed of two apertures. We show that peptide oligomers (bradykinin) and native-like protein (ubiquitin) ions can be preserved through the course of an experiment in a TIMS-TIMS analyser. We demonstrate the ability to collisionally-activate as well as to trap mobility-selected ions, followed by subsequent mobility-analysis. In addition to inducing conformational changes, we show that we can fragment low charge states of ubiquitin at >1 mbar between the TIMS analysers with significant sequence coverage. Many fragment ions exhibit multiple features in their TIMS spectra, which means that they may not generally exist as the most stable isomer. The ability of TIMS-TIMS to dissociate mobility-selected protein ions and to measure the cross sections of their fragment ions opens new possibilities for IMS-based structure elucidation.
Functional TSPO polymorphism predicts variance in the diurnal cortisol rhythm in bipolar disorder.

Abstract Introduction Psychosocial stress contributes to onset/exacerbation of mood episodes and alcohol use, suggesting dysregulated diurnal cortisol rhythms underlie episodic exacerbations in Bipolar Disorder (BD). However, mechanisms underlying dysregulated HPA rhythms in BD and alcohol use disorders (AUD) are understudied. Knowledge of associated variance factors have great clinical translational potential by facilitating development of strategies to reduce stress-related relapse in BD and AUD. Evidence suggests structural changes to mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) (a regulator of steroid synthesis) due to the single nucleotide polymorphism rs6971, may explain much of this variance. However, whether rs6971 is associated with abnormal HPA rhythms and clinical exacerbation in humans is unknown. Methods To show this common TSPO polymorphism impacts HPA rhythms in BD, we tested whether rs6971 (dichotomized: presence/absence of polymorphism) predicted variance in diurnal cortisol rhythm (saliva: morning and evening for 3 days) in 107 BD (50 with and 57 without AUD) and 28 healthy volunteers of similar age and ethno-demographic distribution. Results Repeated measures ANOVA confirmed effects BD (F5,525 = 3.0, p = 0.010) and AUD (F5,525 = 2.9, p = 0.012), but not TSPO polymorphism (p > 0.05). Interactions were confirmed for TSPO × BD (F5,525 = 3.9, p = 0.002) and for TSPO × AUD (F5,525 = 2.8, p = 0.017). Discussion We identified differences in diurnal cortisol rhythm depending on presence/absence of common TSPO polymorphism in BD volunteers with or without AUD and healthy volunteers. These results have wide ranging implications but further validation is needed prior to optimal clinical translation.
Lens-free common path OCT probe for quantification of optical scattering properties (Conference Presentation)

Tissue optical properties have become an increasingly promising avenue of diagnosis and screening for cancers and may provide contrast for real time monitoring of tumor ablation therapy. Of particular interest, are methods that can quantify scattering properties while providing spatial context or a map of the tissue being measured. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-destructive imaging modality with high 3D resolution which can be miniaturized into a probe compatible with common endoscopes. OCT has recently been used to quantify optical scattering properties, and endoscopic access to luminal organs allows examination of the thin epithelial layer, wherein many cancers originate. We present a fiber probe capable of quantifying optical properties with no distal optics providing low-cost disposable functionality. A reflection from the distal fiber face provides a common path reference through the fiber and eliminates the need for reference arm with dispersion compensation. A custom visible light OCT instrument was adapted to the self-reference fiber capable of a-scan imaging hundreds of microns into porcine esophagus tissue. B-scan images are produced by dragging the fiber along the tissue surface. Tissue was thermally ablated to create controllable scattering contrast with normal tissue. Image analysis with a custom MATLAB algorithm demonstrated significant increases in scattering coefficients which has been observed previously in a benchtop scanning OCT system. Visible light maximizes scatter contrast making Vis-OCT an ideal tool for cancer screening. Additionally, the lack of a distal optics and scanning mechanism offers a cost-effective, disposable functionality.
4.24 – Angelman Syndrome

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a disorder of maternal imprinting and disrupted ubiquitin ligase function characterized by severe mental retardation and epilepsy. A mouse model for AS was developed that displays similar molecular and behavioral phenotypes to the human condition. Interestingly, neither the mouse model nor human AS patients display detectable neuroanatomical defects, suggesting that disruption of cognitive function in AS is due to altered synaptic plasticity or cellular signaling. At a molecular level, AS mice exhibit a significant increase in hippocampal phospho-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), specifically at sites Thr(286) and Thr(305). Importantly, the major phenotypes of the AS mouse can be rescued with the addition of mutations at the Thr(305) phosphorylation site. This chapter explores the implications of CaMKII misregulation as a molecular cause for the neurobehavioral deficits in AS and the potential mechanisms underlying CaMKII dysfunction in Angelman syndrome.
EQUILIBRIUM DOUBLE-LAYER THEORY

Abstract Those electrolyte double-layer theories are reviewed and compared which involve detailed consideration of charge and potential conditions in the double-layer region. Separate consideration is given to those calculations where it may be a good approximation to treat all charges as continuously distributed and those where discreteness-of-charge effects must be invoked. Three conditions are analyzed: (1) that where there is no specific adsorption and the (solvent) molecules in the mono-molecular inner region of the double layer are all of the same type and close-packed; (2) specific ionic adsorption; and (3) specific adsorption of neutral substances. It is shown how previous treatments of (1) may be improved by including induced molecular polarization and average planar dipolar interaction effects. Careful attention is given to the calculation of the field which orients dipoles in the inner layer, and it is pointed out how the inclusion of planar depolarization alters the approach to dielectric saturation. Errors, defects, and simplifications in earlier continuous-charge treatments of specific ionic adsorption are discussed. Some difficulties arose from failure to distinguish properly mean fields, based on the continuous-charge approximation, and fields derived from the micropotential, a quantity derived from discreteness-of-charge considerations. It is concluded that presently available phenomenological treatments of specific ionic adsorption and the micropotential are inadequate since they generally involve improper calculations of the micropotential, ignore various charge discreteness effects, and employ oversimplified statistical mechanics. Comparison of previous treatments of specific adsorption of neutral substances again shows unwarranted simplification. In particular, it does not appear that the dipole moment and/or dielectric constant of adsorbed molecules can be extracted with any confidence by applying current theory to experimental data. An improved treatment of the problem is outlined which makes use of an approximate formula of Frumkin that treats unadsorbed and adsorbed regions in the double-layer separately but which is here generalized by coupling such regions together by planar interaction. Finally, a statistical treatment of the discrete adsorption problem is briefly described which is more nearly correct than the usual Boltzmann expressions in those situations where competition and saturation effects are important.
The Biomechanics and Pathomechanics of Sport-Related Concussion

Sport-related concussion is still considered by many as a hidden epidemic in sports medicine. Despite the fact that this condition is not visible by neuroimaging, current research has allowed clinicians to better understand the condition. This chapter will discuss sport-related concussion in the context of the biomechanics and pathomechanics involved with injury. We will further explore how historical studies of concussion-related biomechanics research have paved the way for more novel, technologically advanced mechanisms by which head injury mechanics can be studied.
Measures of Reading Achievement

This chapter presents the data related to reading skills for the VL2 Psychometric Toolkit Project. The data were generated using multiple reading tasks, including Reading Fluency and Paragraph Comprehension from the Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ-III) Tests of Achievement as well as the Reading Comprehension from the Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Revised (PIAT-R) and the Test of Silent Word Reading Fluency (TOSWRF). The sample was comprised of deaf college students evaluated as part of the VL2 Psychometric Toolkit. In addition to providing descriptive statistics, correlations with a brief measure of nonverbal intelligence and measures of executive, visuospatial, memory, and linguistic functioning and other areas of academic achievement administered concurrently as part of the VL2 Toolkit are presented. The relationships observed are discussed in the context of both research in the general population and, when available, previous research with deaf individuals.
Error Estimates of Spectral Galerkin Methods for a Linear Fractional Reaction–Diffusion Equation

We consider a fractional diffusion equation with a reaction term in one dimensional space. We first establish the regularity in weighted Sobolev spaces. Then we present an optimal error estimate for a spectral Galerkin method for the equation and a sub-optimal error estimate for a spectral Petrov–Galerkin method. Numerical results suggest that the convergence order in a weighted $$L^2$$ -norm is $$2\alpha +1$$ for smooth inputs where $$\alpha $$ is the order of the fractional Laplacian.
Situation Awareness for Cyber-Physical System: A Case Study of Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Information security and system safety are key to AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructures) system, because AMI system reads and transmits customers' billing and usage data linked to fees and personal information. Situation Awareness (SA) is an effective method to keep system secure and safe. Convectional SA framework was designed for only cyber space or physical space. However, AMI is a typical Cyber-Physical System (CPS), which should supervise both cyber and physical attacks. In this work, a detailed SA framework of CPS is proposed. An illustrated case study of practical system is presented. A simulation study is conducted to verify the proposed framework.
Negative Capacitance Clock Distribution

In this paper, we investigate the ever-increasing power issue that is poised to jeopardize the performance and robustness of future low-power microprocessor design. We have observed a tremendous amount of research in low-power clock network design to bolster energy-efficient computing, without, however, any substantial improvement in overall microprocessor clock power and performance. In this work, we used the emerging ferroelectric negative capacitance field-effect transistor (NCFET) to reduce clock network effective capacitance and active elements, which enables low-power clocking. According to accurate HSPICE simulation, the proposed NCFET-based clocking can save up to 70 and 73 percent average power compared to the industry standard clocking schemes on industrial ISPD 2009 and ISPD 2010 benchmarks, respectively. In addition, the proposed methodology uses up to 20 percent fewer clock buffers compared to the existing synthesized clocking scheme and exhibits 49 percent lower crosstalk-induced delay variation compared to the traditional CMOS-based design.
Preamble-Free Binary Polarization Shift Keying in Frequency Selective Channels

Spectrum sharing is enabled through different strategies at the physical and medium access layers, including reduction of the required average transmit energy per good bit. In this work, we propose a preamble-free communications technique that is feasible with coherent MIMO systems. At the transmitter, packets comprising multicarrier symbols with cyclic prefixes are transmitted, but without preambles typically required for channel estimation and carrier frequency offset estimation. At the receiver, classification methods are used to demodulate the signal without need for channel estimation. We illustrate the approach for a simple coherent MIMO technique, binary PolSK, and demonstrate its efficacy by demodulating preamble-free packets transmitted in over-the-air experiments in multi-path channels.
THE EFFECT OF MILKING PRACTICES UPON THE DETERIORATION OF MILKING MACHINE INFLATIONS

This research was designed to study the effects of milking practices upon the deterioration of natural rubber liners. Winter rations appear to produce a more severe rate of blistering than either summer pasture or ration. Cleaning seemed to have little effect upon rate of blistering. Storage in 10% lye solutions increased the time to blister. Pure fatty acids were shown to produce blistering. Udder ointments and mastitis treatments used in this study had no appreciable effects on blistering of rubber.
Teneurins: Domain Architecture, Evolutionary Origins, and Patterns of Expression.

Disruption of teneurin expression results in abnormal neural networks, but just how teneurins support the development of the central nervous system remains an area of active research. This review summarizes some of what we know about the functions of the various domains of teneurins, the possible evolution of teneurins from a bacterial toxin, and the intriguing patterns of teneurin expression. Teneurins are a family of type-2 transmembrane proteins that are typically expressed in the central nervous system, and non-neuronal tissues like developing limbs, in non-overlapping patterns. The N-terminal intracellular domain can be processed and localized to the nucleus, but the significance of this nuclear localization is unknown. The extracellular domain of teneurins is largely composed of tyrosine-aspartic acid repeats that fold into a hollow barrel, and the C-terminal domains of teneurins are stuffed, and least partly, into the barrel. A 6-bladed beta-propeller is found at the other end of the barrel. The same arrangement—6-bladed beta-propeller, tyrosine-aspartic acid repeat barrel, and the C-terminal domain inside the barrel—is seen in toxic proteins from bacteria, and there is evidence that teneurins may have evolved from a gene encoding a prokaryotic toxin via horizontal gene transfer into an ancestral choanoflagellate.
A Glimmer of Hope for Pancreatic Cancer.

Recent advances in precision medicine and immunotherapy have transformed the once bleak outlook for many patients with solid tumors, including melanoma and non–small-cell lung cancer. Unfortunately...
Impacting Global Health Delivery Through Advocacy: The Case of Losartan.

Highlights The WHO’s EML improves medicine access. Anyone can lobby to add a medicine to the EML, so we added losartan in 2017. Evidence now shows losartan is more impactful than previously realized. You too can use the EML to effect policy change—by adding to or amending it. Also, you can hold governments accountable to keep EML medicines on their shelves.
Language brokering and psychological adjustment in emerging adulthood: exploring cultural values as moderators

Language brokering has been correlated with positive cognitive advantages, particularly in the younger years of translation. However, heavy translating has also been correlated with greater levels ...