cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Planting Date and Hybrid Influence on Corn Forage Yield and Quality

Producers believe that corn (Zea mays L.) forage can be planted at later dates than corn grain because forage harvest does not have to wait until the grain matures fully. The objectives of this study were to determine relationships between planting date and corn forage yield and quality and to determine optimum planting dates of corn forage for the state of Wisconsin. Full- and shorter-season hybrids were planted on six dates at six locations in Wisconsin during 1998 and 1999. Few significant hybrid × planting date interactions or hybrid differences were observed. The optimum planting dates for dry matter yield and quality for southern, central, and northern Wisconsin were 10 May, 27 April, and 8 May, respectively. Corn forage yields remained at 95% of maximum yields when corn was planted in late May for all zones. In all zones, early June plantings exhibited an accelerated rate of yield decline of 0.2 Mg ha -1 d -1 delay in planting. Corn forage quality decreased progressively as planting dates progressed into June. The optimum planting date for milk yield ha -1 was 2 May in southern and central zones and late April in the northern zone. As planting was delayed past mid-May, rates of quality decline were more severe in central and northern zones compared with the southern zone. Therefore, planting of corn forage should occur between late April and mid-May for all production zones in Wisconsin, but planting could occur into late May in the southern production zone because milk yield ha -1 declined by only 8%.
A Poisson random field model for intermittent phenomena with application to laminar-turbulent transition and material microstructure

Abstract The alternation of a physical system between two phases or states is referred to as intermittency. Examples of intermittent phenomena abound in applications and include the transition from laminar to turbulent flow over a flight vehicle and the presence of imperfections within material microstructure. It is shown that intermittent phenomena of this type can be modeled by two-state random fields with piecewise constant samples; we refer to the states of the random field as “off” and “on” or, equivalently, 0 and 1. These random fields can be calibrated to the available information, which consists of: (1) the marginal probability that the state of the system is “on”; and (2) the average number of fluctuations between states that occur within a bounded region. The proposed model is defined by a sequence of pulses of prescribed shape and unit magnitude, located at random (Poisson) points within a bounded domain. Properties of the model are discussed, and simple algorithms to generate samples of the random field are provided. Various applications are considered, including voids within material microstructure and the random vibration of a flight vehicle subjected to a transition from laminar to turbulent flow over its surface.
M3-Simulation multidisciplinary simulation of sustainability strategies

Complex real world systems are currently developing to become a decisive instrument for IT-supported problem solving of a great number of problems posed by science, economy and society. By this, we for the first time face the chance of being able to find new solutions, visions, and strategies for sustainable development on the basis of complex, real world simulations. M3-Simulations is a simulation approach that actively involves man in a simulated world based on scientifically-founded simulation models driven by current data of measurement. This new kind of simulation concept combines reality-based modeling of scientific simulation systems with the intuitive graphic representation, complex communication and interaction structures of virtual worlds in order to support the process of investigation into the possibilities of sustainable development.
A light weight rotary double pendulum: maximizing the domain of attraction

The usual application of feedback stabilization is based on linearization and the assumption of linear controllability. Least squares optimal control is often used to determine a set of feedback gains that will stabilize the system. In addition to the commonly acknowledged challenges arising when this methodology is applied to open-loop unstable systems with significant nonlinearities, there are also significant problems which are not given prominence in the literature. These include the role of high gain feedback in exciting vibrations in unmodeled modes and the possibility of lightly damped oscillatory modes accentuating the effect of the nonlinearities. In this paper we report some experimental results relating to these points and suggest some techniques for dealing with them.
Power Optimized PA Clipping for MIMO-OFDM Systems

For a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system that is being pushed into power amplifier (PA) saturation, this letter investigates power-optimized PA clipping. Our goal is to identify the optimum clipping level for a MIMO-OFDM system that delivers the desired bit error rate (BER) with minimum power consumption in the PA. We present a complete theoretical framework resulting in an analytical expression for the BER of a MIMO-OFDM system subject to PA clipping. PA power saving is addressed by the total degradation metric, which shows that as much as 6dB power reduction can be achieved by proper choice of the clipping level.
The influence of nighttime feeding of carbohydrate or protein combined with exercise training on appetite and cardiometabolic risk in young obese women.

Single macronutrient intake prior to sleep reduces appetite but may negatively impact insulin sensitivity in sedentary obese women. The present study examined the additive impact of nighttime feedi...
Multiplet strengths of excited transitions of Ne+ sequence

Absolute multiplet strengths of transitions between 2p43p-2p43d terms of Ne+ sequence have been obtained by the nuclear charge expansion method within the Hartree-Fock approximation and with mixing of terms of different L-S geneology. Comparison is made with known results for NaIII.
Directing neuron-specific transgene expression in the mouse CNS

Recent advances in molecular genetics have produced many novel strategies for directing the expression of both functional and regulatory elements in transgenic mice. With the application of such approaches, the specific populations that comprise CNS networks can be both visualized and manipulated. Transgenic methods now range from the use of specific enhancer elements and large genomic regions assembled using BACs and PACs, to the use of gene targeting to a specific locus. In addition, the advent of transactivators and site-specific recombinases has provided unprecedented spatial and temporal control for directing expression in the CNS using a combination of appropriate alleles. As a result, the promise of being able to use transgenics to target specific neuronal populations is now being realized.
Two new species of Demodex owen, 1843, the hair follicle mites (Demodecidae), from the dzungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus (Pallas, 1773) (Rodentia: Muridae)

Abstract Two new species of hair follicle mites, Demodex phodopi n. sp. and D. sungori n. sp., are described from a laboratory colony of Dzungarian hamsters, Phodopus sungorus. all hamsters examined harbored D. phodopi and half also hosted D. sungori. No host individual was found with D. sungori only. Over 8,000 mites were examined with D. phodopi making up over 99% of the sample. Within the D. phodopi population, 98% of the individuals were adults.
Diplopia After Cataract Surgery

This article discusses clinical findings, differential diagnoses, management, and prognoses for patients with persistent diplopia after cataract extraction.
Theorizing Peace Parks: Two Models of Collective Action*

In a reversal of the historical role of territory in intergroup conflict, the article focuses on an emergent notion of territory as an instrument for peace. In this article, the author begins to theorize about the mechanisms by which so-called peace parks might act in resolving conflict and ushering in regional stability. Two models are utilized that differ in their portrayal of how these parks might work. The first model, built on a game-theoretic foundation, provides insight into incentive mechanisms by which parties might agree to a border park. Furthermore, the model sheds light on whether these parks might serve as vacant buffer zones or, alternatively, active zones of cooperation. However, the game-theoretic model should be complemented by another, qualitative model that focuses primarily on how these interactions are embedded in history, culture, tradition, and group identity. To this end, the author develops a second model, which portrays institutions as structures of care. In the model of care, relationships are constitutive of identity, and institutions and practices (including war and peace) evolve in coherence with the web of relationships. It is the employment of mutually complementing analytics that might afford a deeper understanding of how these peace parks might actually serve as effective bridges for peace.
Data selection for detection of known signals: the restricted-length matched filter

Data selection algorithms, in detection, search for a small subset of the available data that is sufficient for making an accurate decision. This paper considers data selection for detection of a known signal in colored Gaussian noise. In our model, the performance of the matched filter detector for a specific subset is parameterized by a quadratic form. Selection of the best subset leads to a combinatorial optimization problem using the quadratic form as the objective function. Simulations show that heuristic search algorithms often find good solutions for the selected subset. Additionally, if the noise has a banded covariance matrix, a dynamic programming algorithm finds the optimal solution for any subset size.
Corralling of larvae in the deep sea

Large numbers of small individuals (pediveligers and juveniles < 5 mm) are routinely recorded in size-frequency distributions of mussel samples collected from deep-sea chemosynthetic environments. If recruitment of invertebrates to deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites were via long-distance dispersal, as is typically assumed, one would expect recruitment events' recorded in size-frequency distributions to be difficult to detect, due to loss of larvae in an open system over large distances. If one imposes mesoscale oceanographic phenomena that minimize dilution of larvae (such as eddies shed from hydrothermal vent plumes) and episodic spawning, expression of this mesoscale corralling at the level of population structure would likely be limited to discrete records of recruitment events encountered serendipitously during haphazard sampling in space and time. The ubiquity of large numbers of post-larvae in mussel samples from a number of disparate sites is likely not serendipitous, but instead may reflect the importance of local sources and sinks of propagules in maintenance of mussel populations.
Program generation for the all-pairs shortest path problem

A recent trend in computing are domain-specific program generators, designed to alleviate the effort of porting and re-optimizing libraries for fast-changing and increasingly complex computing platforms. Examples include ATLAS, SPIRAL, and the codelet generator in FFTW. Each of these generators produces highly optimized source code directly from a problem specification. In this paper, we extend this list by a program generator for the well-known Floyd-Warshall (FW) algorithm that solves the all-pairs shortest path problem, which is important in a wide range of engineering applications. As the first contribution, we derive variants of the FW algorithm that make it possible to apply many of the optimization techniques developed for matrix-matrix multiplication. The second contribution is the actual program generator, which uses tiling, loop unrolling, and SIMD vectorization combined with a hill climbing search to produce the best code (float or integer) for a given platform. Using the program generator, we demonstrate a speedup over a straightforward single-precision implementation of up to a factor of 1.3 on Pentium 4 and 1.8 on Athlon 64. Use of 4-way vectorization further improves the performance by another factor of up to 5.7 on Pentium 4 and 3.0 on Athlon 64. For data type short integers, 8-way vectorization provides a speed-up of up to 4.6 on Pentium 4 and 5.0 on Athlon 64 over the best scalar code.
Agent-based QoS negotiation in data-centric clouds

Agent-level negotiations between an application and a cloud service provider (SP) need to consider two complexities: i) inaccuracy of computational models in capturing the behavior of a cloud-based system made up of diverse components and resources; and ii) disparity in the goals and priorities of an application and the SP in exercising a cloud-based system. The paper suggests the use of trial actions by an agent to learn about the system behavior and the opponent agent goals, as part of effective negotiation strategy. A larger goal of optimal QoS control can be achieved with trial actions that are aided by a computational model of the cloud-based system. A study of replicated data service on a cloud is also described.
Evaluating The Performance Of Four Snooping Cache Coherency Protocols

Write-invalidate and write-broadcast coherency protocols have been criticized for being unable to achieve good bus performance across all cache configurations. In particular, write-invalidate performance can suffer as block size increases; and large cache sizes will hurt write-broadcast. Read-broadcast and competitive snooping extensions to the protocols have been proposed to solve each problem. Our results indicate that the benefits of the extensions are limited. Read-broadcast reduces the number of invalidation misses, but at a high cost in processor lockout from the cache. The net effect can be an increase in total execution cycles. Competitive snooping benefits only those programs with high per-processor locality Of reference to shared data. For programs characterized by inter-processor contention for shared addresses, competi- tive snooping can degrade performance by causing a slight increase in bus utilization and total execution time.
A sequence-dependent exonuclease activity from Tetrahymena thermophila.

Background Telomere function requires a highly conserved G rich 3'- overhang. This structure is formed by 5'-resection of the C-rich telomere strand. However, while many nucleases have been suggested to play a role in processing, it is not yet clear which nucleases carry out this 5'-resection.
Deviants or Scapegoats: An Examination of Pseudofamily Groups and Dyads in Two Texas Prisons

Pseudofamily groups and dyads are found in most female prisons and have often been the focus of various studies. In many cases, researchers have implicated these groups in creating many problems for the correctional staff, and for other inmates. Using data collected in two Texas prisons forwomen, this study examines pseudofamily groups and dyads in these prisons and explores the rationale women give for joining such groups. In addition, the researchers explore the question of whether these pseudofamily groups actually are responsible for the myriad of problems attributed to them, or whether other factors— such as prejudgments by the correctional staff—may contribute to the generalized belief that the groups' presence is detrimental to the prison environment. Surveys and interviews conducted with inmates and staff provide an interesting look at the lives of females incarcerated in prison.
All-optical routing using wavelength recognizing switches

This paper presents system considerations for optical packet-switched network using a wavelength recognizing switch (WRS) device for all-optical control and routing. Networks with the WRS device are capable of truly all-optical routing; the packet header is processed in the optical domain. This unique feature allows the self-routing of optical packets in a flexible and dynamically reconfigurable way, but introduces new challenges for the network architect. Our novel architecture combines the use of the WRS with arrayed waveguide devices in a powerful addressing mode. In this paper we explore some of the system issues, including crosstalk, noise performance, cascadability. We present experimental data on a broad-area WRS device we fabricated and assess the feasibility of an integrated version of the device.
Amino Acid Sequence of Chicken Liver Glutamate Dehydrogenase

Abstract A tryptic digest of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-inactivated chicken liver glutamate dehydrogenase has yielded peptides accounting for 399 residues of the 503 residues in the subunit. A single peptide was isolated that contained pyridoxallysine. This peptide had a composition identical with that isolated from the bovine enzyme that was similarly treated. Cyanogen bromide peptides were isolated and used to cover those regions of the sequence for which no tryptic peptides were obtained and to obtain overlapping peptides. Data from these studies and comparisons of the sequence to that in the bovine enzyme have provided enough evidence to account for the complete amino acid sequence of chicken glutamate dehydrogenase. There are 30 differences in sequence between the bovine and chicken enzymes with most of these being conservative in nature. The most pronounced difference between the two enzymes is at the NH2 terminus where 3 additional residues occur in the chicken enzyme.
Dissenting Blocs on the Warren Court: A Study in Judicial Role Behavior

IT IS IMPOSSIBLE to understand fully the work of the Supreme Court and similar appellate bodies without focusing on the crucial role of the individual justice. Supreme Court decisions are the products of the constant and forceful interaction of judicial minds and personalities, of precedents and traditions of the past and perceptions of the future, and of the conflicts and reinforcements which develop in its relationship to other political institutions. Justices are products of their environment, past and present, and it is a large part of their task to apply the values derived from these experiences to resolving cases before them. Contemporary students of the Court have articulated a number of techniques for studying the decision-making process. All are based on the assumption that the values and attitudes of individual justices are crucial determinants of decisional behavior, but each differs in its particular emphasis on the precise role which attitudes, values, or the backgrounds of the justices play in arriving at both individual and collegial determinations." In fact, the major disagreements among contemporary scholars seem to be over the relative importance of one or another component, rather than on the existence-or lackof these components.2
Robust constant modulus arrays based on fractional lower-order statistics

This paper addresses the problem of blind equalization for digital communications using an array of sensors at the receiver to copy constant modulus signals in the presence of heavy-tailed additive channel noise. First, we demonstrate the negative effects of channel noise to the original constant modulus algorithm (CMA) cost function in terms of convergence. Then, we introduce a new CMA criterion based on the fractional lower-order statistics (FLOS) of the received data. The proposed criterion is able to mitigate impulsive noise at the receiver and at the same time restores the constant modulus character of the transmitted communication signal. We perform an analytical study of the properties of the new cost function and we illustrate its convergence behavior through computer simulations.
The Nature Theater of Oklahoma's Aesthetics of Fun

New York's Nature Theater of Oklahoma stages devised work that explores the experiential and aesthetic properties of fun. Their particular presentation of everyday source material resists idealism while irreverently yet sincerely proposing ways of living: attentively, and with pleasure.
Low level cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation analysis of [des-His1, des- Phe6, Glu9] glucagon-NH2 identifies glucagon antagonists from weak partial agonists/antagonists.

[des-His1, des-Phe6,Glu9]Glucagon-NH2 is a newly designed glucagon antagonist. This analog has a binding IC50 of 48 nM (compared to glucagon IC50 of 1.5 nM) and demonstrates pure antagonism in an adenylate cyclase assay. Although the number of glucagon antagonists has grown rapidly recently, closer examination suggested that many of these antagonists retained very low, almost imperceptible levels of cAMP accumulation that were sufficient to elicit an in vivo biological response. To investigate more carefully this secondary biological signal, we measured cAMP accumulation in a revised assay using isolated hepatocytes in the presence of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor Rolipram. The PDE inhibitors Rolipram and isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) increased the sensitivity of the cAMP accumulation assay from approximately 10-fold for the native hormone to 35-fold above basal levels. On the other hand, amrinone, another PDE inhibitor, did not affect the cAMP accumulation caused by glucagon. The use of PDE in...
Raising and Monitoring Tame Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) for Field Studies

Abstract Tame birds have been used for ecological field studies, but rarely are birds >8 wk old used. To our knowledge, no previous study has successfully released and monitored tame ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) >14 wk old. We report here the techniques used to raise ruffed grouse from eggs collected in the wild and from pen-reared birds to obtain tame birds up to 1.5 yr old that were released and monitored in the wild. Birds were raised with either intensive imprinting (10–24 h/day of human contact) or nonintensive imprinting (<2 h/day of human contact) during the 1st 7–8 wk after hatching. We released 10 ruffed grouse, one at a time, in southern Illinois during the winters of 1990 and 1991. The first four birds released were killed by predators within 1 wk, but allowed us to modify our observation techniques to reduce the stress on released birds and maintain their tameness. Of the remaining six birds, five (four juvenile, one adult) were released in clear-cuts in the Shawnee National Forest, Union C...
Classical and quantum equations of motion of an n-dimensional BTZ black hole

Abstract We investigate the gravitational collapse of a non-rotating n-dimensional BTZ black hole in AdS space in the context of both classical and quantum mechanics. This is done by first deriving the conserved mass of a “spherically” symmetric domain wall, which is taken as the classical Hamiltonian of the black hole. Upon deriving the conserved mass, we also point out that, for a “spherically” symmetric shell, there is an easy and straight-forward way of determining the conserved mass, which is related to the proper time derivative of the interior and exterior times. This method for determining the conserved mass is generic to any situation (i.e. any equation of state), since it only depends on the energy per unit area, σ, of the shell. Classically, we show that the time taken for gravitational collapse follows that of the typical formation of a black hole via gravitational collapse; that is, an asymptotic observer will see that the collapse takes an infinite amount of time to occur, while an infalling observer will see the collapse to both the horizon and the classical singularity occur in a finite amount of time. Quantum mechanically, we take primary interest in the behavior of the collapse near the horizon and near the classical singularity from the point of view of both asymptotic and infalling observers. In the absence of radiation and fluctuations of the metric, quantum effects near the horizon do not change the classical conclusions for an asymptotic observer. The most interesting quantum mechanical effect comes in when investigating near the classical singularity. Here, we find, that the quantum effects in this region are able to remove the classical singularity at the origin, since the wave function is non-singular, and it also displays non-local effects, which depend on the energy density of the domain wall.
Reading Religion in Internet Memes

This article provides a preliminary report of a study of religious-oriented internet memes and seeks to identify the common communication styles, interpretive practices and messages about religion communicated in this digital medium. These findings argue that memes provide an important sphere for investigating and understanding religious meaning-making online, which expresses key attributes of participatory culture and trends towards lived religion.
Liver function in workers having high tissue stores of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides.

Five serum enzyme activities and urinary d-glucaric acid excretion were measured in 56 controls and 71 pesticide-exposed subjects to determine whether workers with large tissue stores of DDT and dieldrin show signs of liver cell injury or induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Although serum concentrations of these chlorinated hydrocarbons in many workers exceeded by far those found in persons not occupationally exposed to pesticides, only small, equivocal differences in serum enzyme activities were observed. Urinary excretion of d-glucaric acid was unrelated to serum concentrations of either DDT, DDE, or dieldrin.
Freedom's Journal: The First Black Medium

(1974). Freedom's Journal: The First Black Medium. The Black Scholar: Vol. 6, Black Media II, pp. 33-37.
Fatty acids from Vibrio cholerae lipids.

The occurrence of unusual fatty acids in lipids of microorganisms has stimulated efforts to relate these unique molecules to the disease process (O'Leary, 1962). A number of microorganisms have been investigated for fatty acid distribution and lipid content (Kates, 1964, 1966). Few attempts have been made to relate lipid constituents to virulence levels within a single microbial species (Neilsen, 1966). Rapid and sensitive techniques such as thin layer and gas-liquid chromatography have all but replaced more classic techniques for lipid work (O'Leary, 1962; Mangold, 1965). Although gas chromatographic methods alone cannot be used for absolute identification of compounds (Fontell et al, 1961), tentative identifications of separated components can be made and the chromatograms used as biochemical taxonomic criteria (Abel et al, 1963; Asselineau, 1961; Henis et al, 1966; Steinhauer et al, 1967). Such studies must take into account cultural effects on fatty acid composition, since subtle changes in growth conditions may alter fatty acid chromatogram profiles (Gavin and Umbreit, 1965; Kates et al, 1962; Marr and Ingraham, 1962). Several bacterial species have been investigated for fatty acid distribution of specific lipid classes (Huston and Albro, 1964; Park and Berger, 1967; Kates et al, 1964). Astvatsatur'yan (1964) described lipids of Vibrio cholerae. Inaba and Ogawa type cells from prepared cholera vaccine were extracted for lipid and the fatty acids analyzed
Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Cancer: Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Potential

The past few decades have witnessed a furious attention of scientific community toward identifying novel molecular factors and targets that could be exploited for drug development for cancer management. One such factor is the sirtuin (SIRT) family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent deacetylases. The role of SIRTs in cancer is extremely complex, with dichotomous functions depending on cell contexts. Mammalian SIRTs (SIRT1-7) differ in their cellular localization and biologic functions. Among these, SIRT -3, -4, and -5 are located in the mitochondria and are being carefully investigated. These mitochondrial SIRTs (mtSIRT) regulate multiple cellular and physiologic processes, including cell cycle, gene expression, cell viability, stress response, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Recent research suggests that mtSIRTs influence tumors by regulating the metabolic state of the cell. Although the research on the role of mtSIRTs in cancer is still in its infancy, studies have suggested tumor suppressor as well as tumor promoter roles for them. This review is focused on discussing up-to-date information about the roles and functional relevance of mtSIRTs (SIRT -3, -4, -5) in cancers. We have also provided a critical discussion and our perspective on their dual roles, as tumor promoter versus tumor suppressor, in cancer. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2500-6. ©2016 AACR.
Review of Managing Research Data

Pryor’s opening essay, frank and wide-ranging, combined with Sarah Jones’s overview of country, funder, and journal data policies, are required reading for any library making an internal or external case for data-management services. Brian Lavoie discusses the economic underpinnings of data preservation in terms that will be familiar to readers of the famous Blue Ribbon Task Force report, of which his essay is a useful brief distillation. Service planners will also have their thinking clarified by Martin Donnelly’s delightfully offhanded discussion of data-management planning.
Analysis on 54 cases of syphilis serum test false postive

54 cases of blood donor with syphilis serum test(ELA)are positive in Central Blood Station,Bar according disease history and physical examination can assure that's"false positive".
Application of Real-time Spectrum Analyzer in Radar Countermeasure

The document emphasizes discussing the capture of radar signal and analysis of burst information.With the RTSA,the transient burst can be captured real-time,which provides the advantageous tool to identify and select the radar signal.The function of testing transient signal of RTSA can provide display performance insight and analysis capability that can't be provided by other analyzer.RTSA can not only test the frequency and power of radar signal as well as ordinary analyzer,with DPX display technology and powerful trigger function,but also discover and capture the specific burst to analyze some important parameters such as phase,frequency.By the function of frame overlap FFTs,frequency mask trigger(FMT) and 3 ns time difference and special burst automatic analysis software,RTSA can wholly analyze complicatedly modulated burst.Either debugging own radar,EW and ELINT system or discovering and identifying radar signal,RTSA can both provide infinitely high efficient performance.
Prediction of a thermodynamic wave train from the monsoon to the Arctic following extreme rainfall events

This study addresses numerical prediction of atmospheric wave trains that provide a monsoonal link to the Arctic ice melt. The monsoonal link is one of several ways that heat is conveyed to the Arctic region. This study follows a detailed observational study on thermodynamic wave trains that are initiated by extreme rain events of the northern summer south Asian monsoon. These wave trains carry large values of heat content anomalies, heat transports and convergence of flux of heat. These features seem to be important candidates for the rapid melt scenario. This present study addresses numerical simulation of the extreme rains, over India and Pakistan, and the generation of thermodynamic wave trains, simulations of large heat content anomalies, heat transports along pathways and heat flux convergences, potential vorticity and the diabatic generation of potential vorticity. We compare model based simulation of many features such as precipitation, divergence and the divergent wind with those evaluated from the reanalysis fields. We have also examined the snow and ice cover data sets during and after these events. This modeling study supports our recent observational findings on the monsoonal link to the rapid Arctic ice melt of the Canadian Arctic. This numerical modeling suggests ways to interpret some recent episodes of rapid ice melts that may require a well-coordinated field experiment among atmosphere, ocean, ice and snow cover scientists. Such a well-coordinated study would sharpen our understanding of this one component of the ice melt, i.e. the monsoonal link, which appears to be fairly robust.
Prosocial Outcomes of Hotel’s CSR-Perceived Motives:

This study explores social marketing effects of a hotel’s proenvironmental practices. With an emphasis on consumers’ perceptions of a hotel’s corporate social responsibility motives, it looks at how perceived motives influence consumer responses—attitudes toward a hotel and hotel selection, intentions to participate in a hotel’s green program, and willingness to pay a premium to support its efforts. Findings indicated that a consumers’ perceived public-serving motive positively influenced consumer responses, while a self-serving motive had negative impacts. Additionally, this study revealed that consumers’ perceived motives varied significantly by hotel user segments but not by hotel class. That is, luxury hotel users had a tendency to consider the motive as public serving compared to an economy hotel user group. Further, perceived motive mediated the relationships between hotel user segments and consumer responses, which included prosocial outcomes, like intentions to participate in a green hotel program...
Atrial Fibrillation Patients Treated With Long-Term Warfarin Anticoagulation Have Higher Rates of All Dementia Types Compared With Patients Receiving Long-Term Warfarin for Other Indications.

Background The mechanisms behind the association of atrial fibrillation (AF) and dementia are unknown. We previously found a significantly increased risk of dementia in AF patients taking warfarin with a low percentage of time in therapeutic range. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which AF itself increases dementia risk, in addition to long‐term anticoagulation exposure. Methods and Results A total of 10 537 patients anticoagulated with warfarin (target INR 2–3), managed by the Clinical Pharmacist Anticoagulation Service with no history of dementia were included. Warfarin indication was for AF (n=4460), thromboembolism (n=5868), and mechanical heart valve(s) (n=209). Patients in the latter 2 categories were included only if they had no prior history of AF. The primary outcome was dementia. Patients with AF were older and had higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, and stroke. AF patients experienced higher rates of total dementia (5.8% versus 1.6%, P 75%: HR=2.51, P =0.005) and non‐AF groups (≤25% versus >75%: HR=3.92, P <0.0001). Conclusions The presence of AF significantly increases risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, compared with matched patients receiving warfarin anticoagulation for other reasons. Quality of anticoagulation management remains an important risk factor for dementia in all patients.
United States: Achieving an effective national tobacco control policy

I appreciate the opportunity to share our thoughts on the tobacco settlement but more importantly on the broader agenda that we all share: protecting the world from tobacco. We are very concerned about international issues in tobacco control and have been very active for many years on these issues. The American Cancer Society was involved in the First World Conference on Smoking or Health in New York in the mid- 1970s. We have also worked with the United States trade representative’s office for many years to stop the two-faced policy of supporting health on one hand and exporting death on the other.
pH Equilibration with Acetate and Lactate Solutions during Peritoneal Dialysis

Commercial dialysis solutions contain acetate or lactate and have pH values usually below 6.5. Losses of ultrafiltration in CAPD have been more frequent with acetate than with lactate solutions. It...
Carnot’s Cycle

How might a heat engine attain the highest possible efficiency? Does a heat-engine’s efficiency depend on its construction? On the type of intermediate substance employed? On the temperature of the boiler? Of the condenser? Carnot argued that all these factors may, in fact, affect the efficiency of a heat-engine. But in principle, there exists a special class of heat-engines which possess the highest possible efficiency. These special heat-engines are the reversible heat-engines—those in which there is (essentially) no useless heat flow between various internal components, and thus in which all of the heat flow from the hot to the cold reservoir provides useful work.
Signaling in Over-the-Counter Markets: Benefits and Costs of Transparency

Dealers who acquire inventory in one transaction usually seek to dispose of it in a second transaction. If the terms of the first transaction are disclosed, then dealers will engage in costly signaling, offering unduly favorable prices in the first transaction to signal asset quality to the second counterparty. Costly signaling lowers spreads and increases volume, market liquidity, and investor welfare. Aggregate welfare is higher in transparent markets, but dealers prefer opacity when potential gains from trade are large and/or adverse selection is low.
Diplopia in Medically and Surgically Treated Patients with Glaucoma

Purpose To report the prevalence, type, and cause of diplopia in medically and surgically treated patients with glaucoma. Design Cohort study. Participants A total of 195 adult patients with glaucoma treated in a glaucoma referral practice. Methods A total of 195 adult patients with glaucoma who had undergone surgical or medical management were prospectively enrolled. Forty-seven patients had undergone glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery (Baerveldt 350, Baerveldt 250 [Abbott Medical Optics, Abbott Park, IL], or Ahmed FP7 [New World Medical Inc, Rancho Cucamonga, CA]), 61 patients had undergone trabeculectomy, and 87 patients were medically treated. All patients completed the Diplopia Questionnaire to assess diplopia. We defined the presence of diplopia as "sometimes," "often," or "always" in distance straight ahead or reading positions on the Diplopia Questionnaire. A chart review was performed jointly by a strabismus specialist and a glaucoma subspecialist to characterize the type and cause of the diplopia. Main Outcome Measures Frequency, type, and cause of diplopia. Results Diplopia was reported in 41 of 195 medically and surgically treated patients (21%) with glaucoma. Binocular diplopia due to the glaucoma procedure was present in 11 of 47 patients (23%) after GDD (95% confidence interval, 12–38), which was significantly greater than in patients after trabeculectomy (2/61 [3%]; 95% confidence interval, 0.4–11; P = 0.002). The most common type of strabismus associated with binocular diplopia due to glaucoma surgery was hypertropia (10/11 GDD cases, 2/2 trabeculectomy cases). Monocular diplopia was found in a similar proportion of medically treated, post-trabeculectomy, and post-GDD cases (4/87 [5%], 4/61 [7%], and 2/47 [4%], respectively). Binocular diplopia not due to surgery was found in similar proportions of GDD, trabeculectomy, and medically treated cases (3/47 [6%], 5/61 [8%], and 10/87 [11%], respectively). Conclusions Diplopia may be under-recognized in medically and surgically treated patients with glaucoma, and standardization of ascertaining patient symptoms using the Diplopia Questionnaire may be useful in these patients. Diplopia was more commonly seen after GDD than trabeculectomy, typically a noncomitant restrictive hypertropia. The prevalence of monocular diplopia and binocular diplopia unrelated to glaucoma surgery was similar among medical and surgical groups. It is important to counsel patients on the higher occurrence of diplopia associated with GDD surgery.
A metabarcoding comparison of windward and leeward airborne algal diversity across the Ko'olau mountain range on the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i1.

Airborne algae from sites on the windward (n = 3) and leeward (n = 3) sides of the Ko'olau Mountain range of O'ahu, Hawai'i, were sampled for a 16 d period during January and February 2015 using passive collection devices and were characterized using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the universal plastid amplicon marker. Amplicons were assigned to 3,023 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which included 1,189 cyanobacteria, 1,009 heterotrophic bacteria, and 304 Eukaryota (of which 284 were algae and land plants). Analyses demonstrated substantially more OTUs at windward than leeward O'ahu sites during the sampling period. Removal of nonalgal OTUs revealed a greater number of algal reads recovered from windward (839,853) than leeward sites (355,387), with the majority of these being cyanobacteria. The 1,234 total algal OTUs included cyanobacteria, diatoms, cryptophytes, brown algae, chlorophyte green algae, and charophyte green algae. A total of 208 algal OTUs were identified from leeward side samplers (including OTUs in common among samplers) and 1,995 algal OTUs were identified from windward samplers. Barcoding analyses of the most abundant algal OTUs indicated that very few were shared between the windward and leeward sides of the Ko'olau Mountains, highlighting the localized scale at which these airborne algae communities differ. Back trajectories of air masses arriving on O'ahu during the sampling period were calculated using the NOAA HY-SPLIT model and suggested that the sampling period was composed of three large-scale meteorological events, indicating a diversity of potential sources of airborne algae outside of the Hawaiian Islands.
Are Homophones Acoustically Distinguished in Child-Directed Speech?

ABSTRACTMany approaches to early word learning posit that children assume a one-to-one mapping of form and meaning. However, children’s early vocabularies contain homophones, words that violate that assumption. Children might learn such words by exploiting prosodic differences between homophone meanings that are associated with lemma frequency (Gahl, 2008). Such differences have not yet been documented in children’s natural language experience and the exaggerated prosody of child-directed speech could either mask the subtle distinctions reported in adult-directed speech or enhance them. This study measured the duration, vowel characteristics, and pitch information of homophone tokens taken from a corpus of child-directed speech. The results show that homophone meanings are acoustically distinct in child-directed speech as a function of lemma frequency, particularly in utterance-final positions. Such distinctions may allow children to maintain separate phonetic representations of homophones until their cog...
Efficient algorithm for multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory with application to the heterolytic dissociation energy of ferrocene

The recently developed multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) combines multiconfiguration wave function theory with a density functional that depends on the on-top pair density of an electronic system. In an MC-PDFT calculation, there are two steps: a conventional multiconfiguration self-consistent-field (MCSCF) calculation and a post-MCSCF evaluation of the energy with an on-top density functional. In this work, we present the details of the MC-PDFT algorithm that avoids steeply scaling steps that are present in other post-self-consistent-field multireference calculations of dynamic correlation energy. We demonstrate the favorable scaling by considering systems of H2 molecules with active spaces of several different sizes. We then apply the MC-PDFT method to calculate the heterolytic dissociation enthalpy of ferrocene. We find that MC-PDFT yields results that are at least as accurate as complete active space second-order perturbation theory and are more stable with respect to basis set, but at a fraction of the cost in both time and memory.
Sociology’s missed opportunity: John Stuart-Glennie’s lost theory of the moral revolution, also known as the axial age

In 1873, 75 years before Karl Jaspers published his theory of the Axial Age in 1949, unknown to Jaspers and to contemporary scholars today, Scottish folklorist John Stuart Stuart-Glennie elaborated...
Glia Maturation Factor and Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins 2 and 4 Expression in the Temporal Cortex of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of neuropathological lesions containing amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). AD is associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain. We have previously demonstrated enhanced expression of the proinflammatory protein glia maturation factor (GMF) in glial cells near APs and NFTs in the AD brains. Parahippocampal gyrus consisting of entorhinal and perirhinal subdivisions of temporal cortex is the first brain region affected during AD pathogenesis. Current paradigm implicates oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage contributing to the early pathology in AD with mitochondrial membrane potential regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The inner mitochondrial membrane anion transporters called the uncoupling proteins (UCPs) function as regulators of cellular homeostasis by mitigating oxidative stress. In the present study, we have analyzed the expression of GMF and mitochondrial uncoupling proteins UCP2 and UCP4 in the parahippocampal gyrus of AD and non-AD brains by immunostaining techniques. APs were detected by thioflavin-S fluorescence staining or IHC with 6E10 antibody. Our current results suggest that upregulation of GMF expression is associated with down-regulation of UCP2 as well as UCP4 in the parahippocampal gyrus of AD brains as compared to non-AD brains. Further, GMF expression is associated with up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme that induces the production of nitric oxide, as well as nuclear factor kB p65 (NF-κB p65) expression. Also, GMF appeared to localize to the mitochondria in AD brains. Based on our current observations we propose that enhanced expression of GMF down-regulates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins UCP2 and UCP4 thereby exacerbating AD pathophysiology and this effect is potentially mediated by iNOS and NF-κB. Thus, GMF functions as an activator protein that interferes with the cytoprotective mechanisms in AD brains.
Risk and Protective Factors in the Lives of Transgender/Gender Nonconforming Adolescents.

Abstract Purpose Research suggests that transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth may be at greatly increased risk of high-risk health behaviors compared with cisgender youth, but existing studies are limited by convenience samples and small numbers. This study uses a large school-based sample of adolescents to describe the prevalence of TGNC identity, associations with health risk behaviors and protective factors, and differences across birth-assigned sex. Methods This study analyzes existing surveillance data provided by 9th and 11th grade students in Minnesota in 2016 (N = 81,885). Students who were transgender, genderqueer, genderfluid, or unsure about their gender identity (TGNC) were compared with those who were not, using χ 2 and t-tests. Outcome measures included four domains of high-risk behaviors and experiences and four protective factors. Results The prevalence of TGNC identity was 2.7% (n = 2,168) and varied significantly across gender, race/ethnicity, and economic indicators. Involvement in all types of risk behaviors and experiences was significantly higher, and reports of four protective factors were significantly lower among TGNC than cisgender youth. For example, almost two-thirds (61.3%) of TGNC youth reported suicidal ideation, which is over three times higher than cisgender youth (20.0%, χ 2 = 1959.9, p Conclusions This research presents the first large-scale, population-based evidence of substantial health disparities for TGNC adolescents in the United States, highlighting numerous multilevel points of intervention through established protective factors. Health care providers are advised to act as allies by creating a safe space for young people, bolstering protective factors, and supporting their healthy development.