cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of enhanced optical absorption for ultrathin silicon solar microcells with an integrated nanostructured backside reflector.

This paper investigates mechanisms of enhanced light absorption exhibited by ultrathin Si solar microcells integrated with a periodically nanostructured, semitransparent metallic reflector. This backside reflector comprises periodic nanoscale relief features formed by soft-imprint lithography with a thin (∼35 nm) coating of Au. The work shows that microcells placed in direct contact above the nanostructured reflector’s surface creates Fabry–Perot cavities, which traps impinging light inside the Si slab via the excitation of cavity modes. Experimental measurements show that the short-circuit current and efficiency values for devices incorporating this thin, semitransparent backside reflector outperform similar Si microcells integrated with a planar thick (∼300 nm) opaque mirror by ∼10–15% because of enhanced absorption. Computational modeling that is supported by experimental measurements reveal that the dominant methods of enhancement stem from a complex interplay between backside diffraction/scattering a...
Elusive revolt: The contradictory rise of middle-class politics1

What lies behind the amalgam of liberalism, elitism, anti-capitalism, and fascistic elements in today’s street politics? This essay analyzes this mixture in light of the shifting class locations of...
The Emerging Uniform Structure of Disparate Treatment Discrimination Litigation

This article postulates that the Civil Rights Act of 1991 (the "Act"), along with some recent Supreme Court decisions, may have begun the development of a new, uniform structure for disparate treatment discrimination which will eliminate much of the complexity and confusion presently existing. To test this thesis, Part I of the Article traces the approach the Supreme Court has historically taken. Part II then describes the emerging uniform model of disparate treatment discrimination, with reference to the Act, two 1993 Supreme Court decisions, and several lower court decisions. Part III addresses the scope of the emerging model, and considers its applicability to all Title VII disparate treatment cases. Part IV fleshes out how the model might operate. Finally Part V addresses the application of this uniform structure to other antidiscrimination statues, such as the ADEA and 42 U.S.C. section 1981.
On the Codesignative Terms in Qingdao Dialect

Qingdao dialect is one of the dialects that are worth studying.According to Annals of Qingdao · Records of Qingdao Dialect,there are 317 codesignative terms(i.e.terms which refer to the same object) in total.The result of the quantitative lexicostatistics and quantitative analysis shows that there are similarities and differences between the words in standard Chinese(putonghua) and the words in Qingdao dialect.And the similarities and the differences are embodied both in form and in meaning.This thesis attempts to make a comparative analysis of them in various aspects so as to do better in Chinese teaching.
Preservation of canine hearts after warm ischemia (zero to thirty minutes) and one to two days of hypothermic storage. A comparative analysis of crystalloid and colloid solutions with different osmolarity and ion composition.

The effect of extracellular crystalloid (Ringer’s) and colloid (silica gel fraction [SGF]) solutions, and intracellular crystalloid (Sacks) and colloid (modified silica gel fraction [MSGF]) solutions for canine heart preservation in a 24 to 48 hour model of hypothermic storage and zero to 30 minutes of warm ischemia was compared. Canine hearts flushed with an intracellular colloid solution (MSGF) had better survival rates after transplantation than did the hearts flushed with intracellular crystalloid solutions (Sacks). Better survival results also were observed in the group of hearts flushed with extracellular colloid (SGF) solutions than extracellular crystalloid (Ringer’s) solutions. The most important theoretical factor in heart preservation appears to be hyperosmolarity and elevated concentration of potassium, proteins, and glucose.
The Consequences of Not Following a Cardiac Diet

This case discusses a pharmacokinetic interaction between clopidogrel and omeprazole, resulting in a decreased antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. Clopidogrel is a cytochrome P450 2C19 substrate and omeprazole is a 2C19 inhibitor.
Entrywise perturbation theory and error analysis for Markov chains

Grassmann, Taksar, and Heyman introduced a variant of Gaussian climination for computing the steady-state vector of a Markov chain. In this paper we prove that their algorithm is stable, and that the problem itself is well-conditioned, in the sense of entrywise relative error. Thus the algorithm computes each entry of the steady-state vector with low relative error. Even the small steady-state probabilities are computed accurately. The key to our analysis is to focus on entrywise relative error in both the data and the computed solution, rather than making the standard assessments of error based on norms. Our conclusions do not depend on any Condition numbers for the problem.
Unethical Laws and Lawless Ethics: Right and Virtue in Kant’s Rechtslehre

In this paper, I examine the relation between law and morality within the context of Kant’s late work The Metaphysics of Morals. I argue that Kant’s conception of the law is based on a fundamental distinction between Right and Virtue, which respectively correspond to his legal-political theory and moral philosophy. My analysis is two part: in the first part, I examine the relationship between the Doctrines of Right and Virtue within the Kantian architectonic; in the second, I evaluate two cases of adjudication in the Rechtslehre that exemplify the distinction between law and morality explicated in the preceding section. I begin by showing that Kant’s legal and moral philosophies are normatively distinct, insofar as Right and Virtue belong to incommensurable realms of freedom and necessity. From this distinction, I derive Kant’s conception of the legal state as principally concerned with external freedoms and the preservation of the lawful condition itself. The second part of this paper analyzes Kant’s views on two cases of criminal justice, revealing his prioritization of the political over independent ethical considerations in juridical decision-making. Here, the conceptual barrier between law and morality serves as a caveat against facile recourses to Kantian ethics as means of legitimizing juridico-political decisions.
Pediatric Auditory Brainstem Implantation: Surgical, Electrophysiologic, and Behavioral Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the safety of auditory brainstem implant (ABI) surgery and document the subsequent development of auditory and spoken language skills in children without neurofibromatosis type II (NFII). DESIGN A prospective, single-subject observational study of ABI in children without NFII was undertaken at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Five children were enrolled under an investigational device exemption sponsored by the investigators. Over 3 years, patient demographics, medical/surgical findings, complications, device mapping, electrophysiologic measures, audiologic outcomes, and speech and language measures were collected. RESULTS Five children without NFII have received ABIs to date without permanent medical sequelae, although 2 children required treatment after surgery for temporary complications. All children wear their device daily, and the benefits of sound awareness have developed slowly. Intra-and postoperative electrophysiologic measures augmented surgical placement and device programming. The slow development of audition skills precipitated limited changes in speech production but had little impact on growth in spoken language. CONCLUSIONS ABI surgery is safe in young children without NFII. Benefits from device use develop slowly and include sound awareness and the use of pattern and timing aspects of sound. These skills may augment progress in speech production but progress in language development is dependent upon visual communication. Further monitoring of this cohort is needed to better delineate the benefits of this intervention in this patient population.
Latin American Influences on Multiliteracies: From Epistemological Diversity to Cognitive Justice

Twenty years after the New London Group’s publication of A Pedagogy of Multiliteracies, we present an analytical literature review that traces the routes and roots of multiliteracies scholarship in...
On k-colored Lambda Terms and Their Skeletons

The paper describes an application of logic programming to the modeling of difficult combinatorial properties of lambda terms, with focus on the class of simply typed terms.
Multiracial/Mixed Narrative of Lives In-Between Contested Race, Gender, Class, Power, and Place

As a war bride's granddaughter and a multi-race/mixed race person, Sonia Janis explores her lives in-between contested race, gender, class, place, power, and place. Pioneering in multiracial and mi...
The Politics and Economics of Metropolitan Sprawl

This is chapter 8 from my forthcoming book, "Zoning Rules! The Economics of Land Use Regulation," which will be published by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy in 2015. This chapter addresses the metropolitan problems caused by local zoning, particularly its contribution to excessive suburbanization and regional housing costs. The chapter starts with a stylized political-economic characterization of government in metropolitan areas and explains how the local politics of zoning differ among big central cities, small suburbs, and rural townships and counties. This simple model offers a foundation for explaining exclusionary zoning, metropolitan sprawl, and regional income sorting. The chapter next considers some variations on this model, which are epitomized by the growth boundaries of Portland, Oregon, and the rejection of comprehensive zoning by Houston, Texas. Both have some merit in combatting the problems of local zoning, but both have some drawbacks that undermine either as a paradigm. Finally, the chapter asks why housing costs and the stringency of land use regulations varies so much by region of the United States. I argue that restrictiveness is largely the product of the demand for housing itself. High productivity regions attract affluent people who want more land use restrictions to protect their home values. Local homeowners control the political process in the high-demand Northeast by virtue of their control of small local governments, where homeowners prevail easily over developers. In the high-demand West Coast, homevoters prevail because of the availability of the voter initiative, which trumps the otherwise prodevelopment politics of counties and larger cities. Evidence for this was the migration to the sunbelt as a result of the 1970s energy crisis. Housing supply remained elastic and home prices stayed low because most states in the South lack both responsive local governments and the voter initiative that would otherwise have facilitated more regulation.
Asymptotic Non-Null Distributions of a Statistic for Testing the Equality of Hermitian Covariance Matrices in the Complex Gaussian Case

Recently there has been a considerable interest in the area of complex multivariate distributions, since these distributions play an important role, particularly in the area of multiple time series. For some discussion about the applications of the complex multivariate distributions in the area of multiple time series, the reader is referred to Goodman and Dubman (1969), Brillinger (1969), Hannan (1970), Wahba (1968, 1971), Priestley, Subha Rao and Tong (1973) and Krishnaiah (1976).
Reprint of "The interaction between environmental triggers and epigenetics in autoimmunity".

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus flares when genetically predisposed people encounter environmental agents that cause oxidative stress, such as infections and sunlight. How these modify the immune system to initiate flares is unclear. Drug induced lupus models demonstrate that CD4+ T cells epigenetically altered with DNA methylation inhibitors cause lupus in animal models, and similar T cells are found in patients with active lupus. How infections and sun exposure inhibit T cell DNA methylation is unclear. DNA methylation patterns are replicated each time a cell divides in a process that requires DNA methyltransferase one (Dnmt1), which is upregulated as cells enter mitosis, as well as the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine, created from dietary sources. Reactive oxygen species that inhibit Dnmt1 upregulation, and a diet poor in methyl donors, combine to cause lupus in animal models. Similar changes are found in patients with active lupus, indicating a mechanism contributing to lupus flares.
A Nano-Mechanical Resonator with 10nm Hafnium-Zirconium Oxide Ferroelectric Transducer

This paper reports, for the first time, on a 10nm hafnium-zirconium oxide (Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 ) (HZO) piezoelectric transducer for nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS). The super-thin HZO films are engineered through atomic-level stacking, capping with titanium nitride (TiN) electrodes, and proper thermo-mechanical treatment, to realize ferroelectric transducers with large piezoelectric properties. The developed 10nm transducer is used for excitation of a silicon-based multi-morph nano-mechanical resonator, with an overall thickness of ∼350nm, at ∼4MHz. The developed resonator, along with 120nm aluminum-nitride (AlN) transduced counterparts, are also used as test-vehicles to characterize ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Benefiting from large piezoelectric coefficient $(e_{31,HZO}\approx 2.3e_{31AlN})$ , fully conformal deposition, and CMOS-compatibility, ALD-deposited 10nm HZO transducer paves the way for realization of truly monolithic cm- and mm-wave RF front-ends for the emerging 5G wireless communication systems, and extreme / 3D integration of NEMS sensors and actuators.
INCORPORATION OF MITRAL ANNULAR PLANE SYSTOLIC EXCURSION (MAPSE) AND TRICUSPID ANNULAR PLANE SYSTOLIC EXCURSION (TAPSE) FOR RISK STRATIFICATION OF ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) risk stratification incorporates metrics of right ventricular (RV) systolic function. Significant RV dysfunction influences left ventricular (LV) function, though LV function metrics are not used for stratifying PE outcomes. MAPSE is an M-Mode echocardiogram (ECHO)
CO2 condensation onto alkanes: unconventional cases of heterogeneous nucleation.

The classical picture invoked for heterogeneous nucleation is frequently that of a liquid condensing onto an immiscible solid particle. Here, we examine heterogeneous nucleation of CO2 onto particles comprised of n-pentane or n-hexane under conditions where CO2 should be a solid and the seed particles may be liquid or solid. Although CO2 condensed under all but one of the six conditions investigated, these experiments do not easily fit into the framework of standard heterogeneous nucleation experiments. Rather they explore unconventional regimes of heterogeneous nucleation in which the state of the seed particle may both affect whether deposition can proceed, and, in turn, be influenced by the presence of the condensing species. The work complements the earlier work of Tanimura et al. [RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 105537–105550] that investigated CO2 condensation onto ice nanoparticles, by using seed particles comprised of non-polar compounds that form and freeze under conditions where CO2 is already supersaturated with respect to the solid ice. In some cases, the conditions for seed formation approach the limit of homogeneous CO2 nucleation. Vibrational spectroscopy measurements help pinpoint where CO2 starts to condense. Furthermore, these IR measurements suggest that the n-alkanes never freeze in the presence of CO2, even if the temperatures are well below those required for them to freeze when CO2 is absent. Over the temperature range 65 < T/K < 140, the conditions corresponding to the onset of CO2 heterogeneous nucleation on pre-existing seed particle almost all lie very close to the extrapolated vapor–liquid equilibrium line of CO2 for a broad range of seed materials.
Telehealth: Legal and Ethical Considerations for Success

The practice of medicine has advanced significantly from the bloodletting of the 18th century to a surgeon operating remotely through a robot from hundreds of miles away.1 Over the past decade, technology, and particularly telehealth, has become increasingly widespread in global health care delivery.2,3 Telehealth is a general term that describes the use of telecommunication technologies in support of clinical health care, education, and public health.4 Telehealth services include not only traditional video conferencing but also e-mail, remote patient monitoring devices, and even facsimile.5,6 Teleheath technology allows physicians and other providers to consult and assist with data interpretation and patient care regardless of geographic separation. For example, a specialty radiologist may read advanced imaging for a primary care physician in a remote area.
THz Channel Characterization of Chip-to-Chip Communication in Desktop Size Metal Enclosure

This article presents characterization of terahertz (THz) wireless channel inside a desktop size metal enclosure with the consideration of several different scenarios. Measurements indicate that both traveling wave and resonating modes exist inside the metal enclosure. Measurements for line-of-sight (LoS) propagation inside the empty metal enclosure show that the path loss significantly changes as a function of the transceiver’s height. It is found that this variation is due the resonant modes, contribution to the received power. Reflected-non-LoS (RNLoS) measurements show that for the same distance, the difference between the mean path loss measured inside the metal box and in a free space is limited to 1 dB, with traveling wave dominating the channel. This indicates that reflectors can be used as wave-guiding objects in metal enclosures. Finally, obstructed-LoS (OLoS) path loss measurements with the parallel dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs) as obstructions show the constructive/destructive effect on the waves due to multipath introduced by the parallel-plate structures. Compared to the free space scenarios, multipath is introduced by the traveling wave bouncing back and forth between the transceiver sides of the cavity, which introduces stronger fluctuations in observed pathloss and reduces the coherence bandwidth of the channel.
Lattice Paths and Corridors

In this chapter, we define corridor paths, which are a type of lattice paths. We introduce the corridor and vertex numbers of a corridor, and provide motivation for the techniques of the next chapter.
A new species of Plecia from the Green River Formation and new combinations of fossil Bibionidae (Diptera)

Plecia akerionana , n. sp., is described from the Green River Formation, Colorado, and diagnosed with P. minutula Rice, P. myersi Peterson, and P. rhodopterina Cockerell. Plecia intermedia (Scudder), the genotype of Mycetophaetus , and Plecia creedensis James are transferred to the genus Penthetria , and Hesperinus immutabilis Melander is transferred to Plecia .
Is Fluid Intake Associated With Fecal Incontinence in Women

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to determine if fecal incontinence (FI) is associated with self-reported fluid intake in women seeking care for pelvic floor disorders. The secondary aim was to determine the association between bowel symptoms and fluids associated with FI. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of women presenting for evaluation of pelvic floor disorders from 2009 to 2015. The presence of FI was defined as an affirmative response of any frequency to the question, "During the last 4 weeks, how often have you leaked or soiled yourself with stool?" Data on fluid intake and bowel symptoms were collected using the Questionnaire-based Voiding Diary and Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory short form, respectively. The relationship between FI and quartiles of fluid intake, as well as the relationship between bowel symptoms and fluids associated with FI, was analyzed. RESULTS Nine hundred twenty-four women were included: 379 (41%) with and 545 (59%) without FI. There was an association between FI and increasing total carbonated fluid intake (P = 0.009) and decreasing water intake (P = 0.009). The associations between FI and carbonated fluid intake and FI and water intake remained significant after controlling for patient characteristics (P < 0.05). There was a significant association between the symptom of straining to defecate and carbonated beverage intake (P = 0.046), which remained significant after controlling for patient characteristics (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of carbonated beverages is associated with FI in women. Intake of carbonated fluids is associated with bowel symptoms that may exacerbate FI symptoms.
Association of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act With Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis.

Importance The expansion of Medicaid sought to fill gaps in insurance coverage among low-income Americans. Although coverage has improved, little is known about the relationship between Medicaid expansion and breast cancer stage at diagnosis. Objective To review the association of Medicaid expansion with breast cancer stage at diagnosis and the disparities associated with insurance status, age, and race/ethnicity. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the National Cancer Database to characterize the relationship between breast cancer stage and race/ethnicity, age, and insurance status. Data from 2007 to 2016 were obtained, and breast cancer stage trends were assessed. Additionally, preexpansion years (2012-2013) were compared with postexpansion years (2015-2016) to assess Medicaid expansion in 2014. Data were analyzed from August 12, 2019, to January 19, 2020. The cohort included a total of 1 796 902 patients with primary breast cancer who had private insurance, Medicare, or Medicaid or were uninsured across 45 states. Main Outcomes and Measures Percent change of uninsured patients with breast cancer and stage at diagnosis, stratified by insurance status, race/ethnicity, age, and state. Results This study included a total of 1 796 902 women. Between 2012 and 2016, 71 235 (4.0%) were uninsured or had Medicaid. Among all races/ethnicities, in expansion states, there was a reduction in uninsured patients from 22.6% (4771 of 21 127) to 13.5% (2999 of 22 150) (P Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, expansion of Medicaid was associated with a reduced number of uninsured patients and a reduced incidence of advanced-stage breast cancer. African American patients and patients younger than 50 years experienced particular benefit. These data suggest that increasing access to health care resources may alter the distribution of breast cancer stage at diagnosis.
Does Failure to Achieve Pathologic Complete Response with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Identify Node-Negative Patients Who Would Benefit from Postmastectomy Radiation or Regional Nodal Irradiation?

Postmastectomy radiation (PMRT) and regional nodal irradiation (RNI) improve outcomes for patients at high risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR). Node-negative patients with the triple-negative (TN) subtype and those who do not have a pCR with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are at increased risk for LRR, but whether the absolute risk for LRR is high enough to justify PMRT/RNI is uncertain. Patients with cT1-T3N0 and pN0 disease treated with NAC who had residual disease in the breast were identified from a prospective database. Patients were eligible for the study if they had mastectomy or breast-conserving therapy with negative margins and whole-breast radiation. Those receiving PMRT or RNI were excluded. Actuarial rates were estimated using the cumulative incidence function. The 227 patients in this study had a mean age was 51.4 ± 12.6 years, and 82 (36.1%) were TN. During a median follow-up period of 35 months, nine LRR events occurred. The overall crude and actuarial 3-year LRR rates were 4.4% and 5.9%, respectively. The crude LRR rate for the TN patients was 7.4%, and the 3-year actuarial rate was 10.1%. The hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) patients had a crude LRR rate of 2.8% and a 3-year actuarial rate of 3.2%. The HER2+ patients had a crude LRR rate of 2.7% and a 3-year actuarial rate of 3.3%. Locoregional recurrence is uncommon for patients with node-negative HR+/HER2− and HER2+ tumors who have residual disease in the breast; however, TN patients have LRR rates that approach 10% at 3 years, suggesting a possible role for PMRT/RNI for node-negative TN patients. Additional follow-up with more patients is needed for definitive conclusions.
Engaging Students in a Research Methods Writing Lab Online

Courses including lab- or experiential-based learning may shy away from an online lab format. Using an empirically driven approach, an online research methods in psychology lab section was develope...
Facilitation drives estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer growth and survival under drug pressure

Competition between different lineages of cells within a tumor has been considered in cancer evolution and progression, but positive interactions like facilitation have received far less study. We developed isogenic estrogen positive breast cancer cell lineages (CAMA-1 and MCF7) sensitive and resistant to CDK4/6 inhibition in order to investigate the mechanisms of cell interaction under selective pressure. When these sensitive and resistant lineages are grown in coculture under ribociclib treatment, sensitive cells survive and proliferate better than in monoculture despite the effects of competition. Conditioned media taken from resistant CAMA-1 cells reproduces this advantage, suggesting that secretion of some factor from resistant cells underlies the effect. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays were used to identify factors secreted by cell lineages. While the less active estrone metabolite was detected in medium from both lineages, highly active estradiol was only detectable in media that included resistant cells. Because sensitive cells are more dependent on estrogen signaling than resistant cells, they benefit from the increase in local estradiol, leading to facilitated growth when in coculture in the presence of ribociclib. This facilitation of sensitive cells by resistant cells is recapitulated when cells are treated with small molecule inhibitors that target estrogen signaling pathways. We developed a set of mathematical models to quantify the strength of competition and facilitation between cell lines and evaluate the effects of treatments that modify these interactions. These analyses support the conclusion that resistant cell lineages benefit sensitive lineages during therapy through the increased production and sharing of local estradiol, and themselves suffer from increased competition and suppression as a result. Our multidisciplinary approach analyzes and quantifies interactions between ER+ cancer lineages during treatment and provides the framework to evaluate these effects in patients and improve therapy.
Hysterectomy Complications Relative to HbA1c Levels: Identifying a Threshold for Surgical Planning.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether diabetes diagnosis and level of diabetes control as reflected by higher preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are associated with increased complication rates after hysterectomy and to identify a threshold of preoperative HbA1c level past which we should consider delaying surgery owing to increased risk of complications. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Hospitals in the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative between June 4, 2012, and October 17, 2017. PATIENTS Women with and without a diabetes diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS Hysterectomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data on demographics, preoperative HbA1c values, surgical approach, composite postoperative complications, readmissions, emergency department visits, and reoperations were abstracted. The risk of a postoperative complication when diabetes was stratified by preoperative HbA1c level was evaluated in a sensitivity analysis, and independent associations were identified in a mixed, multivariate logistic regression model. We identified 41 286 hysterectomies performed at 70 hospitals to be included for analysis. The sensitivity analysis identified 4 groups of risk for postoperative complications: group 1: no diabetes diagnosis and no HbA1c value; group 2: no diabetes diagnosis, with HbA1c levels between 4% and 6.5%; group 3: diabetes diagnosis and no HbA1c value or HbA1c levels <9%; and group 4: diabetes diagnosis with HbA1c levels ≥9%. In the adjusted model, there were significant 32% and 34% increased odds of postoperative complications for groups 2 and 3, respectively, compared with group 1. There were more than 2-fold increased odds of complications for women with diabetes and a preoperative HbA1c level ≥9% (group 4) compared with the women in group 1. Diabetes diagnosis with preoperative HbA1c levels ≥9% had increased odds of complications compared with diabetes diagnosis with preoperative HbA1c levels <9%. Patients with well-controlled diabetes seemed to have increased odds of complications with laparoscopic surgery. CONCLUSION Diabetes diagnosis and measurement of preoperative HbA1c levels provide risk stratification for postoperative complications after hysterectomy, with the highest observed effect among patients with diabetes with a preoperative HbA1c level ≥9%.
RThread: a thread-centric analysis of security forums

Online forums have been shown to contain a wealth of useful information. With a few notable exceptions, such forums have not received much attention from the research community, unlike other online social media. Our goal here is to conduct an in-depth thread-centric analysis of online forums, focusing on security forums. We propose, RThread, a comprehensive unsupervised clustering approach with a powerful visualization component, which we provide as a publicly-accessible web-based tool. Our approach leverages 92 thread features that span three groups: (a) temporal, (b) behavioral, and (c) content related. We analyze data from 8 security forums with 400k posts over a span of 8 years. First, we find that many thread-centric properties follow a log-normal distribution, which is persistent across several forums and over time. Second, we show how our approach can identify clusters of threads with similar behavior, while our visualization component provides an easy way to spot the differences between these clusters. Finally, we show how our approach can spot surprising behaviors, including a cluster, whose threads are used for Search Engine Optimization. We see our approach and our publicly available platform as a building block towards understanding forum activity and extracting interesting information in an unsupervised way.
Efficient MAPbI 3 solar cells made via drop-coating at room temperature

Here we demonstrate a room-temperature drop-coating method for MAPbI3 films. By using low-boiling-point solvent, high-quality MAPbI3 films were made by simply casting a drop of solution onto the substrate at room temperature. This approach took advantage of the synergistic effect of good wettability and volatility of the solvent, enabling high nuclei density and compact film at room temperature. The crystal growth in different solvents was in-situ observed by using optical microscope, which helped us to understand the mechanism for the formation of different film morphology. Perovskite solar cells gave a PCE of 18.21%.
Confidence in the Accuracy of Michigan’s 2020 Census Count Among Local Leaders Was Not Very High, Slips Further

This report presents the opinions of Michigan’s local government leaders regarding the 2020 U.S. Census, including their confidence in the potential accuracy of the count both locally and at the state level, as well as information about local actions to boost census participation among residents. These findings are based on statewide surveys of local government leaders in the Spring 2020 wave of the Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS), with a comparison to the Spring 2019 and Spring 2010 waves of the MPPS.
Are the Structural Changes in Mutual Funds Investing Driving the U.S. Stock Market to Its Current Levels

We examine the long-run equilibrium relation between the net flow of funds into equity mutual funds and the S&P 500 index. Applying the Engle and Granger error correction methodology followed by a state space procedure, we find that the levels of the stock market are influenced by the net flow of funds into equity mutual funds. Our findings indicate that the U.S. equity market appears to be rationally adjusting to a structural change in the behavior of the U.S. investing public.
Russia’s 2020 Constitutional Amendments and the Entrenchment of the Moscow Patriarchate as a Lever of Foreign Policy Soft Power

Much has been written about the Kremlin’s embrace of the Russian Orthodox Church—Moscow Patriarchate (ROC) as a lever of soft power for advancing Russia’s foreign policy. Based on the substance of the constitutional amendments ratified in July 2020, this chapter reasons that the church-state partnership is poised to grow stronger and more entrenched in the coming years. After briefly highlighting the energizing effect several key constitutional amendments are likely to have on existing Kremlin foreign policy objectives, this chapter offers an assessment of the ROC’s central role in disseminating and advocating these newly minted constitutional norms across its international platforms for interreligious, civil society and diplomatic engagement. Given that the constitutional amendments position the Church as an even more vital Kremlin instrument and bless President Vladimir Putin’s ability to retain power, the chapter concludes that policymakers should consider divesting the ROC of its veneer as an autonomous religious actor and adopt measures intended to scrutinize its activities and expose them where necessary as manifestations of Kremlin influence.
Pathogenic Mechanisms Underlying Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves a complex interplay of cell types and signaling pathways. Recurrent alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury may occur in the context of predisposing factors (e.g., genetic, environmental, epigenetic, immunologic, and gerontologic), leading to metabolic dysfunction, senescence, aberrant epithelial cell activation, and dysregulated epithelial repair. The dysregulated epithelial cell interacts with mesenchymal, immune, and endothelial cells via multiple signaling mechanisms to trigger fibroblast and myofibroblast activation. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies of IPF lungs support the epithelial injury model. These studies have uncovered a novel type of AEC with characteristics of an aberrant basal cell, which may disrupt normal epithelial repair and propagate a profibrotic phenotype. Here, we review the pathogenesis of IPF in the context of novel bioinformatics tools as strategies to discover pathways of disease, cell-specific mechanisms, and cell-cell interactions that propagate the profibrotic niche. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, Volume 17 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Children in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes.

Review of North Carolina traffic crash data revealed that alcohol use, although associated with 7.9% of motor vehicle crashes involving children, accounted for 15.4% of the motor vehicle-related deaths and 10.4% of the injuries. The largest proportion of these deaths were child passengers in a vehicle in which the driver had been drinking, followed by child passengers in multiple-vehicle crashes in which the other driver had been drinking. The smallest proportion of deaths were child pedestrians. These findings suggest that, in addition to supporting more stringent alcohol control legislation, health care providers should be admonishing parents about the deadly hazards of drinking and driving to the children in their care. Language: en
Posttreatment Lyme Disease Syndrome

The prognosis following appropriate antibiotic treatment of early or late Lyme disease is favorable but can be complicated by persistent symptoms of unknown cause termed posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS), characterized by fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive complaints that persist for 6 months or longer after completion of antibiotic therapy. Risk factors include delayed diagnosis, increased severity of symptoms, and presence of neurologic symptoms at time of initial treatment. Two-tier serologic testing is neither sensitive nor specific for diagnosis of PTLDS because of variability in convalescent serologic responses after treatment of early Lyme disease. Optimal treatment of PTLDS awaits more precise understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in this illness and future treatment trials.
A Metrization Theorem for Normal Moore Spaces

Publisher Summary It is known that the metrizability of normal, locally compact Moore spaces is independent of set theory. However, the question has often been raised as to whether each normal, locally compact, locally connected Moore space is metrizable. This question seems to be a good candidate for yet another independence result as it follows from known results that it is consistent to claim the existence of a normal, complete, locally connected, nonmetrizable Moore space.
Phosphorylation of Acid-soluble Nucleolar Proteins of Novikoff Hepatoma Ascites Cells in Vivo

Abstract Nucleolar phosphoproteins are extensively labeled 2 hours after injection of 50 mCi per rat of [32P]orthophosphate into rats bearing Novikoff hepatoma ascites tumor cells. The nucleolar proteins soluble in 0.4 n H2SO4 were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and autoradiography. Of the 97 proteins visualized by staining, phosphorylation was detected in approximately 40 proteins by autoradiography and by scintillation counting of spots cut from the gels. Several high molecular weight protein spots designated C23, C24, C26, and C27 incorporated as much as 500 times more 32P per spot as some low molecular weight spots. Analysis for phosphoamino acids in 30 spots cut out of the gel slab indicated that radioactive phosphoserine was present in all the spots analyzed.
Compliance measurement with arthritis regimen

Rheumatoid arthritis affects nearly 6.5 million Americans, causing significant disability and suffering. Improvement of treatment efficacy is of considerable importance. Because adherence moderates treatment effects, efficacy studies need to account for the extent to which the patient complied. This paper reviews the methods of assessing adherence. These methods fall into four categories: (1) clinical measures (therapeutic outcome and clinician judgement); (2) self-report (interviews, questionnaires, and daily records); (3) direct measures (direct observation and biologic assays); and (4) indirect measures (pill counts, pharmacy refills, and electronic monitors). The most commonly used measure is some form of self-report. The clinical measures are problematic as compliance indicators and should not be used in this regard. Selections among the other categories should be made based upon the behavior being studied, the cost and resources available, the capabilities of the patient, the questions being asked, and the level of accuracy and detail desired. There are no perfect measures.
Creativity, attention and the memory for brands: an outdoor advertising field study

This study investigates whether creativity is sufficient by itself to attract attention to the ad space or whether the ad must also be conspicuous. Attention to the ad is an important driver of message processing that leads to favourable advertising effectiveness outcomes, such as improved memory for the brand. To provide insight on this, we conducted a field study of billboard advertising along an urban expressway to explore the variables that affect recognition of outdoor advertising. Using a computational neuroscience software program, we find evidence for the presence of an attention capture threshold. That is, creativity's message processing promoting strategy only improves memory when billboards cross a threshold, i.e., when the ads are at a sufficient level of conspicuity within an individual's visual field. This threshold represents a boundary condition for creativity and provides evidence that attention must first be captured in some contexts before creativity increases the memory for brands in a...
Magnocellular and parvocellular contributions to responses in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the macaque monkey

Many lines of evidence suggest that the visual signals relayed through the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the primate dorsal LGN remain largely segregated through several levels of cortical processing. It has been suggested that this segregation persists through to the highest stages of the visual cortex, and that the pronounced differences between the neuronal response properties in the parietal cortex and inferotemporal cortex may be attributed to differential contributions from magnocellular and parvocellular signals. We have examined this hypothesis directly by recording the responses of cortical neurons while selectively blocking responses in the magnocellular or parvocellular layers of the LGN. Responses were recorded from single units or multiunit clusters in the middle temporal visual area (MT), which is part of the pathway leading to parietal cortex and thought to receive primarily magnocellular inputs. Responses in the MT were consistently reduced when the magnocellular subdivision of the LGN was inactivated. The reduction was almost always pronounced and often complete. In contrast, parvocellular block rarely produced striking changes in MT responses and typically had very little effect. Nevertheless, unequivocal parvocellular contributions could be demonstrated for a minority of MT responses. At a few MT sites, responses were recorded while magnocellular and parvocellular blocks were made simultaneously. Responses were essentially eliminated for all these paired blocks. These results provide direct evidence for segregation of magnocellular and parvocellular contributions in the extrastriate visual cortex and support the suggestion that these signals remain largely segregated through the highest levels of cortical processing.
Predictable uncertainty: The relation between unrecognized tax benefits and future income tax cash outflows

This study examines competing arguments about whether Financial Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48, now ASC 740-10-25) provides information to financial statements users regarding the realizability of future income tax cash outflows related to reserves for unrecognized tax benefits (UTBs). Critics believe FIN 48 provides substantial discretion in accruing UTBs, while proponents argue the Interpretation improves the reliability and comparability of UTBs. Our results show that, on average, UTBs are predictive of income tax cash outflows up to three years in the future. This link is economically significant as UTBs explain 8.2 percent as much of the variation in future income tax cash outflows as do contemporaneous income tax cash outflows. Using data provided by the IRS, these results hold in validation tests linking UTBs to future IRS audit settlements. In cross-sectional analyses, we find that UTBs are more informative for future income tax cash outflows in firms that (1) purchase tax services from their auditor; (2) engage in relatively less tax avoidance; and (3) are subject to greater IRS audit scrutiny. Our results should interest financial statement users, standard setters, and tax authorities as these parties estimate the future economic consequences of uncertain tax positions.
Antigenic studies of oral and nonoral black-pigmented Bacteroides strains.

Abstract Antigens of several oral and nonoral strains of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (proposed classification of oral B. asaccharolyticus, Bacteroides gingivalis), Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, and B. melaninogenicus subsp. levii were identified in soluble preparations obtained by sonication, autoclaving, and NaOH treatment of whole bacterial cells. The sonicate preparations contained the most complete representation of soluble antigens using antisera to the whole organism in gel precipitation tests. Among strains of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius many common antigens were detected, and no consistent antigenic differences were seen between strains from oral and nonoral sites. None of the antigens of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius reacted with sera raised to several strains of oral or nonoral B. asaccharolyticus, nor did antigens prepared from the latter strains react with antisera to B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius. At least one common antigen was shared by strains of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius and strains of B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus; however, subspecies-specific antigens were also found. Antigens from and antisera to oral and nonoral strains of B. asaccharolyticus did not react with sera to and antigens from B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus. Strains of B. asaccharolyticus isolated from the oral cavity were antigenically distinct from strains of B. asaccharolyticus obtained from nonoral sites and lesions. This lack of cross-reactivity between the oral and nonoral strains of B. asaccharolyticus together with recent findings of marked genetic differences between oral and nonoral strains of B. asaccharolyticus suggest that these groups of organisms may represent different species.
Could clopidogrel's platelet inhibition be enhanced by an increased loading dose and eptifibatide?

Could clopidogrel's platelet inhibition be enhanced by an increased loading dose and eptifibatide?
Cytochrome c peroxidase compound I: formation of covalent protein crosslinks during the endogenous reduction of the active site.

Cytochrome c peroxidase (ferrocytochrome-c: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.5) was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in the absence of exogenous electron donor. Higher molecular weight species were observed in the decay products at pH 4.5. Monomer and dimer were separated by gel filtration and purified by anion-exchange chromatography. Peptide mapping of tryptic digests of the dimer indicated a tyrosine crosslink localized between residues 32 and 48 of the native enzyme.
Glyceride glycerol utilization in triglyceride formation.

A comparison of utilization of labeled fatty acids and glycerol, both free and combined, in the formation of glycerides has been made employing an in vitro procedure with rat intestine. Small amounts of long-chain fatty acid glycerides were formed from glycerol-C 14 or from monoacetin or monopalmitin, both labeled in the glycerol moiety, in increasing amounts in the order named. This result was obtained although an appreciable hydrolysis of the monoglycerides occurred during the incubation period. The partition of the glycerides in the intestinal tissue suggested the absorption of some intact monoglycerides. However, the relative amounts of the various glycerides found after the use of monopalmitin, fatty acid-labeled, resembled more those found after employing labeled free fatty acids than those after monopalmitin labeled in the glycerol moiety. Evidence suggests that most of the fat is completely hydrolyzed prior to absorption.