cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated telehealth for managing psychiatric instability in people with serious mental illness.

AbstractBackground: Serious mental illness (SMI) with psychiatric instability accounts for disproportionately high use of emergency room visits and hospitalizations.Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an automated telehealth intervention supported by nurse health care management for improving psychiatric illness management and reducing acute service use among individuals with SMI and psychiatric instability.Methods: Thirty-eight individuals with SMI received the automated telehealth intervention for 6 months. Psychiatric symptoms, illness self-management, and self-reported service use (emergency room visits and hospital admissions) were collected at baseline, 3- and 6-months. Measures of quality of life, health indicators, and subjective health status were also collected.Results: Participants demonstrated improvements in self-reported psychiatric symptoms and illness self-management skills, an 82% decrease in hospital admissions (from 76 to 14 hospitalizations, p < 0.001) and a 75% decrease in emergency...
AESCHYLUS, PERSAE 767

The ghost of Darius provides a versified history of the Persian kingship, from the beginning down to the reign of his luckless son Xerxes, that starts out as follows in Martin West's Teubner text (1990): Mῆδος γὰρ ἦν ὁ πρῶτος ἡγeμὼν στρατοῦ, 765 ἄλλος δ’ ἐκeίνου παῖς τόδ’ ἔργον ἥνυσeν· ϕρένeς γὰρ αὐτοῦ θυμὸν ᾠακοστρόϕουν· τρίτος δ’ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ Κῦρος, eὐδαίμων ἀνήρ, ἄρξας ἔθηκe πᾶσιν eἰρήνην ϕίλοις, Λυδῶν δὲ λαὸν καὶ Φρυγῶν ἐκτήσατο 770 Ἰωνίαν τe πᾶσαν ἤλασeν βίᾳ· θeὸς γὰρ οὐκ ἤχθηρeν, ὡς eὔϕρων ἔϕυ. Κύρου δὲ παῖς τέταρτος ηὔθυνe στρατόν· πέμπτος δὲ Mάρδος ἦρξeν, αἰσχύνη πάτρᾳ θρόνοισί τ’ ἀρχαίοισι· 775 First comes ‘the Mede Cyaxares, whom A[eschylus] probably saw as the first king of a united Media and Persia, and therefore the right person to begin his list’. Unless ἄλλος (766) is corrupt, the first two members of the dynasty are anonymous. This is not perhaps surprising, given Aeschylus’ limited knowledge of early Median and Persian history and given his use of these rulers as foils to the blest (eὐδαίμων) Cyrus. Each of them is, like the equally anonymous Cambyses (773), accorded only one or two lines, in contrast to the five lines devoted to Cyrus the Great. What is surprising is that the second of these is singled out for his good sense and his restraint (‘For his clear thinking plied the tiller of his passions’, 767). Further, it is not clear what point is being made by attributing ‘this deed’ (τόδ’ ἔργον, 766) to the good sense and restraint of the son of the Mede, particularly since it is not immediately apparent to what deed reference is being made. As Alexander Garvie notes in his recent commentary on the play, ‘That this line [767] is out of place in the codd. is highly likely’.
Light scattering from spherulitic materials

The azimuthal angular dependence of the depolarized component of the light scattered from spherulitic materials is derived by an algebraic method that avoids the difficult angular integrations of the usual approach. The result appears as a sum of products of two factors, a molecular factor, that depends only on the structure and the scattering angle θ, and a geometrical factor that depends only on the azimuthal angle ϕ and the scattering angle θ. The molecular factors are evaluated for models of spherulitic structure that assume a constant tilt of the optical polarizability tensor. The radial distribution, in principle, is arbitrary, and an evaluation for the layered spherulite is made. If the tilt angle is ω when the azimuthal patterns depend only on a linear combination of P2(cos ω) and P4(cos ω), where Pn(x) is the Legendre polynomial of order n. In our theory the VH scattering pattern is a four-leaf clover whose axes are restricted by the theory to be at either 0 or 45° to the polarization directions.
Origin of Dimeric Structure in the Ribonuclease Superfamily

To enable application of postgenomic evolutionary approaches to understand the divergence of behavior and function in ribonucleases (RNases), the impact of divergent sequence on the divergence of tertiary and quaternary structure is analyzed in bovine pancreatic and seminal ribonucleases, which differ by 23 amino acids. In a crystal, seminal RNase is a homodimer joined by two "antiparallel" intersubunit disulfide bonds between Cys-31 from one subunit and Cys-32' from the other and having composite active sites arising from the "swap" of residues 1-20 from each subunit. Specialized Edman degradation techniques have completed the structural characterization of the dimer in solution, new cross-linking methods have been developed to assess the swap, and sequence determinants of quaternary structure have been explored by protein engineering using the reconstructed evolutionary history of the protein family as a guide. A single Cys at either position 32 (the first to be introduced during the divergent evolution of the family) or 31 converts monomeric RNase A into a dimer. Even with an additional Phe at position 31, another residue introduced early in the seminal lineage, swap is minimal. A hydrophobic contact formed by Leu-28, however, also introduced early in the seminal lineage, increases the amount of "antiparallel" connectivity of the two subunits and facilitates swapping of residues 1-20. Efficient swapping requires addition of a Pro at position 19, a residue also introduced early in the divergent evolution of the seminal RNase gene. Additional cysteines required for dimer formation are found to slow refolding of the protein through formation of incorrect disulfide bonds, suggesting a paradox in the biosynthesis of the protein. Further studies showed that the dimeric form of seminal RNase known in the crystal is not the only form in vivo, where a substantial amount of heterodimer is known. These data complete the acquisition of the background needed to understand the evolution of new structure, behavior, and function in the seminal RNase family of proteins.
Vehicle sound signature recognition by frequency vector principal component analysis

The sound (engine, noise, etc.) of a working vehicle provides an important clue, e.g., for surveillance mission robots, to recognize the vehicle type. In this paper, we introduce the "eigenfaces method", originally used in human face recognition, to model the sound frequency distribution features. We show that it can be a simple and reliable acoustic identification method if the training samples can be properly chosen and classified. We treat the frequency spectra of about 200 ms of sound (a "frame") as a vector in a high-dimensional frequency feature space. In this space, we study the vector distribution for each kind of vehicle sound produced under similar working conditions. A collection of typical sound samples is used as the training data set. The mean frequency vector of the training set is first calculated, and subtracted from each vector in the set. To capture the frequency vectors' variation within the training set, we then calculate the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix of the zero-mean-adjusted sample data set. These eigenvectors represent the principal components of the vector distribution: for each such eigenvector, its corresponding eigenvalue indicates its importance in capturing the variation distribution, with the largest eigenvalues accounting for the most variance within this data set. Thus for each set of training data, its mean vector and its moat important eigenvectors together characterize its sound signature. When a new frame (not in the training set) is tested, its spectrum vector is compared against the mean vector; the difference vector is then projected into the principal component directions, and the residual is found. The coefficients of the unknown vector, in the training set eigenvector basis subspace, identify the unknown vehicle noise in terms of the classes represented in the training set. The magnitude of the residual vector measures the extent to which the unknown vehicle sound cannot be well characterized by the vehicle sounds included in the training set.
Influences on Query Reformulation in Collaborative Web Search

Past analysis has considered query reformulation primarily from the perspective of individual Web searches. Findings from a recent study suggest ways that collaboration during the search process influences how users generate new terms for query reformulation.
Established insect cell line from the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni.

CULTURED mammalian cells are finding increasing use as a basis for conducting physiological and biochemical investigation outside the organism. Insect cell lines have originated from primary explants of embryonic tissue or tissues from larval and pupal stages of the donor. Cells from primary explants of embryonic tissue from the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster; the mosquito, Aedes aegypti; leaf hoppers, Agallia constricta and A. quadripunctata; and cockroaches, Periplaneta americana and Blabera fusca, continued to multiply and were subcultured1–4. Primary cultures of larval tissues from, the silkworm, Bombyx mori; the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis; and mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, A. albopictus and Anopheles stephensi, were subcultured and developed into cell lines5–11. Cells originating from pupal ovaries of the moth, Antheraea eucalypti, have also been established as a cell line12. This article reports the first successful establishment of a cell line derived from adult tissue of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni.
Axial civilizations, multiple modernities, and Islam

Departing from the modernization theory, S.N. Eisenstadt proposed the idea of ‘post-traditional societies’ in the early 1970s, and proceeded to formulate the concepts of ‘axial civilizations’ and ‘multiple modernities’ in the following decades. In the 1980s, Eisenstadt sketched a model of constant tension between an Islamic primordial utopia — the ideal of the Golden Age of pristine Islam— and the historical reality of patrimonial Sultanism, coexisting with an autonomous public sphere protected by Islamic law and dominated by the religious elite, the ulema. The main feature of this model was the oscillation between military regimes with limited pluralism and puritanical fundamentalism. Eisenstadt further emphasized the degree of autonomy of the religious elite as the carriers of Islam in relation to the ruler and political power as a determinant of the strength of their civilizational impact. Islam remained confined to the religious sphere in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, where the religious elit...
Angle-Independent Myocardial Elastography - Theoretical Analysis and Clinical Validation

Several methods have been introduced in the past few years to quantify left-ventricular strain in order to detect myocardial ischemia and infarction. Myocardial Elastography is one of these methods, which is based on ultrasound Radio-Frequency (RF) signal processing at high frame rates for the highest precision and resolution of strain estimation. Myocardial elastography estimates displacement and strain during the natural contraction of the myocardium using cross-correlation techniques. We have previously shown that imaging of the myocardial strain at high precision allows the correct assessment of the contractility of the cardiac muscle and thus measurement of the extent of ischemia or infarct. In this paper, for the first time in echocardiography, we show how angle-independent techniques can be used to estimate and image the mechanics of normal and pathological myocardia, both in simulations and in vivo. First, the fundamental limits of 2D normal and principal strain component estimation are determined using an ultrasound image formation model and a 2D short-axis view of a 3D left-ventricular, finite-element model, in normal and ischemic configurations. Two-dimensional (i.e., lateral and axial) cumulative displacement and strain components were iteratively estimated and imaged using 1D cross-correlation and recorrelation techniques in a 2D search. Validation of these elastographic findings in one normal human subject was performed. Principal strains were also imaged for the characterization of normal myocardium. In conclusion, the feasibility of angle-independent, 2D myocardial elastography technique was shown through the calculation of the in-plane principal strains, which was proven essential in the reliable depiction of strains independent of the beam-tissue angle or the type of sonographic view used.
Stability of non-planar shear flow of a stratified fluid

The linear stability of non-planar shear flow of a stably stratified fluid is investigated. Howard's (1961) semicircle theorem, which places bounds on the range of the complex phase speed c, is derived, although sufficient conditions for stability of the (x-directed) basic flow . The source of instability for each mode is examined by means of computed energy transformations. However, numerical difficulties prevent a detailed examination of these unstable modes for α > 0·2.
Differential responsiveness of dermal and epidermal melanocytes of Rana pipiens to hormones.

There are 2 populations of melanin-containing pigment effector cells in frog skin–one located in the epideimis, the other in the dermis. Both types of melanocytes exhibit rapid dispersal of pigment granules in the presence of small amounts of MSH. Rapid aggregation of pigment granules occurs when MSH is washed from the skin. Epidermal melanocytes in frog skin that has been treated with MSH do not contract in the presence of melatonin, acetylcholine, or norepinephrine. Dermal melanocytes contract rapidly in the presence of these 3 hormones. The similarity in morphology between epidermal melanocytes of frogs and mammals is striking. (Endocrinology 78: 367, 1966)
Effects of selected variables on the microencapsulation of solids

The hypothesis that solid particles may be protectively encapsulated by coacervation led to the investigation of the extractability of microcapsules, which contained solids, by gastrointestinal fluids. Starting pH, starting temperature, ratio of solid to encapsulating materials, quantity of denaturant, and final pH were varied. The effects of the variables studied on microcapsules were determined by submitting samples to simulated gastrointestinal fluids for periods of up to 2.5 hr. and then comparing the extracts spectrophotometrically to known absorption spectra. Results snowed that all variables effected some degree of change in microcapsules.
Enhancement of fluoride retention by low dietary chloride without manifestation of chloride deficiency in the rat.

Weanling male albino rats were fed a purified diet containing 10 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride and 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, or 0.10% chloride as sodium chloride for 6 wk. Food intake was unaffected by the level of dietary chloride. Rats fed diets containing either 0.02 or 0.04% chloride had significantly higher fluoride retention and skeletal uptake of fluoride than did rats fed higher chloride levels. Diets, however, had to contain 0.04% chloride or more to support normal weight gain, femur ash weight and plasma chloride concentration. The ability to en hance fluoride content of bone on a low chloride diet without undesirable effects of chloride deficiency may have important implications, since fluoride is thought to play a role in strengthening the mineral apatite structure of bone. J. Nutr. 116: 1752-1755, 1986.
Minimization of a Second-Degree Polynomial (in n Variables) Subject to Linear Constraints

The subject of this chapter is the minimization of a quadratic form, or, more generally, a second-degree polynomial, in some number, say n, of variables that may be subject to linear constraints. Special cases of this minimization problem are encountered in various areas of statistics and in many related disciplines. In particular, they are encountered in estimating the parameters of a linear statistical model. One approach to the estimation goes by the acronym BLUE (for best linear unbiased estimation); in this approach, consideration is restricted to estimators that are linear (i.e., that are expressible as linear combinations of the data) and that are unbiased (i.e., whose “expected values” equal the parameters), and the estimator of each parameter is chosen to have minimum variance among all estimators that are linear and unbiased. The minimization problem encompassed in this approach can be formulated as one of minimizing a quadratic form (in the coefficients of the linear combination) subject to linear constraints—the constraints arise from the restriction to unbiased estimators.
Predominance of ecophysiological controls on soil CO2 flux in a Minnesota grassland

Ecosystem studies often study soil CO2 flux as a function of environmental factors, such as temperature, that affect respiration rates by changing the rate of utilization of carbon substrates. These studies tend not to include factors, such as photosynthesis, that affect the supply of carbon substrates to roots and root-associated processes. We examined the role of decreased carbohydrate source on soil CO2 flux and root respiration in an annually-burned grassland through manipulations of light intensity and removal of above ground biomass. We also quantified the contribution of root respiration to soil CO2 flux by measuring the respiration rates of excised roots. Two days of shading caused a 40% reduction in soil CO2 flux, while clipping was associated with a 19% reduction in soil CO2 flux. Both reductions were independent of soil and air temperature at the time of measurement. The relative decrease in soil CO2 flux observed in the clipping experiment was similar in magnitude to an observed decrease in root respiration per gram of root, linking decreased root activity and soil CO2 flux. From these experiments, we conclude that variation in factors that affect carbon availability to roots can be important determinants of soil CO2 flux and should be included explicitly in studies that measure or model soil CO2 flux.
Expression of blood-group antigen a — a favorable prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung cancer

Abstract Background. New prognostic factors are needed to guide the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. We evaluated the prognostic value of altered expression of ABH blood-group antigens, which has been implicated in the multistep process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Methods. The presence of blood-group antigens was assessed immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 164 patients who underwent curative surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer from 1980 through 1982. Monoclonal antibodies were used to detect the A and B antigens, and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I to detect H antigen. Results. Survival of the 28 patients with blood type A or AB who had primary tumors negative for blood-group antigen A was significantly shorter than that of the 43 patients with antigen A—positive tumors (P<0.001) and of the 93 patients with blood type B or O (P = 0.002). The respective median survival times were 15, 71, and 39 months. Disease progressed significantly earlier in ...
Shape Optimization of PZT Actuators and Laser Doppler Vibrometry Experimentation

It is well understood that, while piezoceramic bimorph actuators represent a viable option for the optimal control of two-dimensional flow fields, uniformly-electroded bimorphs typically induce undesirable threedimensional flow effects. In a series of papers, the authors have recently addressed the problem of shape optimization for electrodes used in piezoceramic actuators. In this work, shape optimization theory was applied to derive electrode shapes that minimize three-dimensional flow effects in both the static and dynamic cases. The resulting optimized electrodes performed well in numerical simulations, but the approach has a number of potential limitations. In particular, the actuator, which takes the form of a piezoelectric patch mounted to a small metal flap, is modeled using simple beam theory, employing kinematic assumptions that may not be valid in practice. Therefore, this paper is concerned with the experimental validation of the theoretical shape optimization results. In particular, this paper explores the use of a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer, which has been demonstrated to have unique capabilities for the sensing of micro-systems, to measure actuator deflections. Scanning laser Doppler vibrometry is described in detail and some preliminary experimental results are presented. These results represent the first step towards the ultimate goal of validating the response of the optimal electrode shapes obtained using the theoretical model.
Unprecedented Size of the σ-Holes on 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Begets Unprecedented Intermolecular Interactions

Halogen bonding is rapidly emerging as a reliable primary interaction at the disposal of the supramolecular chemist. With the σ-hole of the halogen atom guiding the strength and directionality of these interactions, current research focuses on tuning the electrostatic potential of the σ-hole via molecular design. We have designed and synthesized 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TITNB), a compound which, to the best of our knowledge, exhibits the largest σ-hole among organic halogenated compounds. The strength of halogen bonding through this enhancement of the σ-hole is demonstrated here and probed through eight novel cocrystals containing TITNB. These cocrystals exhibit notably short halogen bonds. For instance, the I···S interaction in TITNB-thiourea and I···O¯ contact in TITNB-4-picoline-N-oxide are the shortest known in their respective categories. Moreover, the primary interactions in all these cocrystals exhibit hierarchical pairing based on Lewis basicity of the donor, highlighting a predictable...
Research on Virtual Reality Oriented CAD Model Transforming

Being favored by the good adaptability of Pro/E and application of its interfaces,the virtual environment that required tri-angle models were obtained and then,transformed into convex models with the approximate convex decomposi-tion algorithms.The convex models,compared with tri-angle models,maintain less data amount while rougher surface.The time consumption in convex models calculation was more thrift,which meant that different touching models would be ac-quired to achieve corresponding requirements of real-time performance and accuracy in virtual environment.
Pointwise Products of Uniformly Continuous Functions on Sets in the Real Line

Even though the pointwise product of two continuous real-valued functions is contin uous, the pointwise product of two uniformly continuous real-valued functions need not be uniformly continuous. For example, the identity function on the real line R1 is uniformly continuous but its pointwise product with itself is not uniformly continuous. In [2] and [4] various sufficient conditions are given on uniformly continuous real valued functions in order that their pointwise product be uniformly continuous. The conditions are somewhat technical and often place additional assumptions on the func tions themselves; sometimes the conditions involve particular functions (for example, when one function is the identity function). The following problem is neither stated nor addressed: Characterize those sets in the real line on which the pointwise product of any two uniformly continuous real-valued functions is uniformly continuous. In other words, determine the sets in the real line on which all the real-valued uniformly con tinuous functions form a ring (under pointwise addition and pointwise multiplication). It is surprising to us that this problem has not been explicitly investigated, especially in view of the vast literature on rings and semigroups of continuous functions. Our purpose is to present a simple solution to the problem. After we prove our theorem, we comment on the general problem of characterizing those metric spaces on which all real-valued uniformly continuous functions are closed under pointwise multiplication. Our theorem is related in a satisfying way to a characterization of uniformly contin uous sets due to Levine [3]. We state Levine's theorem after we give two definitions. A set in R1 is called a uniformly continuous set provided that all continuous real valued functions on the set are uniformly continuous [3]. A set X in R1 is uniformly isolated provided that there is an c > 0 such that \x ? y\ > c holds for all distinct points x and y in X. These definitions generalize in a straightforward way to metric spaces. Levine's theorem reads [3]:
Heat Shock Factor 1: From Fire Chief to Crowd-Control Specialist.

HSF1 is the supposed master regulator of the heat shock response. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Solis et al. reveal that it has a much narrower job description: organizing a small team of molecular chaperones that keep the proteome moving.
The Future of Microwave Heating Equipment in the Food Industries

ABSTRACTThe application of microwave electronics to heating systems in the food industries represents the use of high technology products in low technology industries. This peculiar mismatch can lead to many difficulties in arriving at mutually satisfying microwave applications. The hostile environment for sophisticated electronics frequently encountered in food plants; the lack of sophisticated knowledge of processing costs; the need to design equipment for use by nontechnically oriented plant people, are only a few of the problems the microwave hardware manufacturer must face in creating an economically significant business within the food industry. However, the opportunities appear to be there to make the risk worth it.
The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century

Aspecter is haunting the OECD nations. It is not the specter of poverty or class warfare, as was the case a century ago, when leisure was the privilege of the very rich and workers toiled from sunrise to sunset to earn enough to purchase meager amounts of food, clothing, and shelter. In 1890, retirement was a rare phenomenon. Virtually all workers died while still in the labor force. Today, half of those in the labor force, supported by generous pensions, retire in their fifties. To many of today's political leaders this situation, the realization of the dreams of reformers a century ago, is a potential disaster. With the baby-boom generation of 1945–65 now approaching retirement, they are confronted with the choice between defaulting on commitments to retirees, delaying the age of retirement, or increasing the taxes borne by young workers. The specter that now haunts OECD nations is not class warfare but intergenerational warfare. The Impact of Technophysio Evolution on Work and Consumption How did this crisis arise? The brief answer is technophysio evolution . Over the past century, technophysio evolution has permitted the average length of retirement to increase by five-fold, the proportion of a cohort that lives to retire to increase by seven-fold, and the amount of leisure time available to those still in the labor force to increase by nearly four-fold. Since technophysio evolution is still ongoing, it is likely that improvements in health, life expectancy, and average income will also continue.
The Effect of Additives on Microcellular PVC Foams

The effect of the presence of commonly used additives on the processing and structure of microcellular PVC foams was investigated. It was found that the presence of additives leads to a polydisperse cell structure with large variations in cell sizes. The solubility of carbon dioxide in the additives and in the lubricants was found to be lower than in the PVC matrix. The presence of additives showed no adverse effect on the overall foam growth dynamics It appears that target reductions in density of PVC can be achieved at lower processing temperatures when additives and processing aids are present.
A physicist's life-cycle

What can we learn when we follow people over the years and across the course of their professional lives? This is the question that I have tried to answer by examining one particular group of professionals – namely academic physicists – during their careers at a variety of universities across the US. I chose to study physicists because in the wider culture physics is the scientific discipline par excellence. Physicists possess a recognizable genealogy of immortals – the likes of Kepler, Newton and Einstein – who promote a sense of scientific heroism and define a "model" career for those who follow. Thus, if one is interested in seeing how careers play out against a backdrop of this kind of company, then physics departments are a good place to visit.
Buformin inhibits the stemness of erbB-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and premalignant mammary tissues of MMTV-erbB-2 transgenic mice

Metformin, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of Type II diabetes, has emerged as a promising anti-cancer agent. Other biguanide analogs, including buformin and phenformin, are suggested to have similar properties. Although buformin was shown to reduce mammary tumor burden in carcinogen models, the anti-cancer effects of buformin on different breast cancer subtypes and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of buformin on erbB-2-overexpressing breast cancer with in vitro and in vivo models. MTT, cell cycle, clonogenic/CFC, ALDEFLUOR, tumorsphere, and Western blot analyses were used to determine the effects of buformin on cell growth, stem cell populations, stem cell-like properties, and signaling pathways in SKBR3 and BT474 erbB-2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines. A syngeneic tumor cell transplantation model inoculating MMTV-erbB-2 mice with 78617 mouse mammary tumor cells was used to study the effects of buformin (1.2 g buformin/kg chow) on tumor growth in vivo. MMTV-erbB-2 mice were also fed buformin for 10 weeks, followed by analysis of premalignant mammary tissues for changes in morphological development, mammary epithelial cell (MEC) populations, and signaling pathways. Buformin significantly inhibited SKBR3 and BT474 cell growth, and in vivo activity was demonstrated by considerable growth inhibition of syngeneic tumors derived from MMTV-erbB-2 mice. In particular, buformin suppressed stem cell populations and self-renewal in vitro, which was associated with inhibited receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and mTOR signaling. Consistent with in vitro data, buformin suppressed mammary morphogenesis and reduced cell proliferation in MMTV-erbB-2 mice. Importantly, buformin decreased MEC populations enriched with mammary reconstitution units (MRUs) and tumor-initiating cells (TICs) from MMTV-erbB-2 mice, as supported by impaired clonogenic and mammosphere formation in primary MECs. We further demonstrated that buformin-mediated in vivo inhibition of MEC stemness is associated with suppressed activation of mTOR, RTK, ER, and β-catenin signaling pathways. Overall, our results provide evidence for buformin as an effective anti-cancer drug that selectively targets TICs, and present a novel prevention and/or treatment strategy for patients who are genetically predisposed to erbB-2-overexpressing breast cancer.
Speculation and Predatory Behavior

As the result of multiple wars and a high infant mortality rate for males, some women were driven to extremes in order to secure a place for themselves on the marriage market. The speculating minor women are often prettier and more vibrant than the heroines, but their intrinsic value is often tarnished. Northanger Abbey’s Isabella Thorpe is trained to make her way in the world by securing the proposal of the most eligible bachelor she can trap with her beauty and her charm, revealing that gambling and fiction-making represent some of the most troubling aspects of the marriage market culture. Sense and Sensibility’s Lucy Steele, is well-schooled in marriage-market behavior, using flattery and manipulation and creating secret alliances to move up in the ranks of genteel society, since she has few other attributes on which to bank her future. Finally, Mansfield Park’s Mary Crawford has learned that marriage is a state that is filled with deception and disappointment, so she ignores her feelings and the possible intrinsic value of a marriage of affection and considers only the economic advantages of the marital state, and is determined to convert the man she loves into a gentleman of rank and social stature. Because they sacrifice their intrinsic value for economic gain Isabella, Lucy, and Mary are ultimately banished from the foreground of Austen’s texts, freeing the good clergymen from their webs and allowing their respective heroines to transcend the confines of expressed value and to highlight their superior intrinsic worth.
Temporal Representation of Process Trends for Diagnosis and Control

Abstract A formal methodology is developed for the temporal representation of process trends, and the pattern-based diagnosis and control of chemical processes. Measured process data are analyzed at multiple scales to extract quantitative and qualitative temporal features. The multi-scale analysis procedure is based on decomposition of signals in the time and frequency domains, using wavelets. Relationships are then learned between extracted features in the measured data, and process conditions, using decision trees. This mapping is explicit and clear, and is easily converted into simple rules, which are often physically interpretable, and provide insight into the process. Case studies are presented to illustrate, a) the extraction of distinguished features in a trend and analysis of its components, and b) pattern-induced supervisory control of a fed-batch fermentor.
The minimal non-Koszul A(Γ)

ABSTRACTThe algebras A(Γ), where Γ is a directed layered graph, were first constructed by Gelfand et al. [5]. These algebras are generalizations of the algebras Qn, which are related to factorizations of non-commutative polynomials. It was originally conjectured that these algebras were Koszul. In 2008, Cassidy and Shelton found a counterexample to this claim, a non-Koszul A(Γ) corresponding to a graph Γ with 18 edges and 11 vertices. We produce an example of a directed layered graph Γ with 13 edges and 9 vertices, which produces a non-Koszul A(Γ). We also show this is the minimal example with this property.
Targeted Therapies for Lung Cancer

The impressive advances in understanding the genomic changes driving many lung carcinomas, especially adenocarcinomas, have led to a growing number of small-molecule drugs that often have meaningful clinical activity against advanced cancer. In many cases, therapy selected on the basis on a driver mutation has considerably more activity than standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. However for patients to receive the full potential benefit of this knowledge, the correct testing must be performed to identify those likely to benefit from targeted therapy. This chapter will review the current field of targeted agents for advanced lung cancer, the methods of identification of the genomic mutations, the corresponding clinical features, and the activity of particular agents that have been approved or about to be approved for use in patients.
Deconstructing Risk Management in Psychotherapy Supervision.

In the ongoing controversy over how much regulation and standardization to impose on clinical practice and research, it is not surprising that the activity of psychotherapy supervision should be swept up in the drive for uniformity. The managers amongst us want to regulate and institutionalize all aspects of practice. In opposition, many clinicians resist the relentless march toward the safety of uniformity travel alongside managerial imposition of regulations. Psychotherapy supervision9s method of a close apprenticeship relationship between supervisor and trainee and its focus on the process and ethics of professional interaction stand at the humanistic core of what is otherwise becoming an increasingly mechanistic model of providing care to persons with mental illness. Our commentary picks up on these themes as it reviews the work by Mehrtens et al . about strengthening awareness of liability in psychiatry residency training programs. We argue that the practice of psychiatry is overburdened by documentation requirements. In imposing further record-keeping on psychotherapy supervision, we lose much more than we gain. We recommend that the supervisory process focus on the characterological virtues essential to functioning as an ethical therapist. We also argue that self-protective rules place restraints on possibilities for imaginative insights and innovations in psychotherapy.
Research Biobanks Meet Synthetic Biology: Autonomy and Ownership

Two examples of research biobanks are discussed. The first is a set of stored blood samples taken from Havasupai Indians by scientists at Arizona State University (ASU). The second is a set of zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) and zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) assembled by Sangamo BioSciences, Inc. of California. Both examples involve individual and group autonomy, informational asymmetries, and exchange. Both examples are controversial but for different reasons. In the Havasupai case, the Indians claimed that the scientists used the blood samples to analyze a Havasupai predisposition to diabetes, to which they consented, and to extract information about Havasupai inbreeding, schizophrenia, and geographical origins, to which the Indians did not consent. Eventually, ASU returned the blood samples and compensated the tribe and some individual members. Scrutiny shows that the Havasupai complaints were mainly justified. As to ZFPs and ZFNs, some lawyer-scientists contend that Sangamo’s preeminent patent and trade secret position unfairly hinders others from benefiting from Sangamo’s knowledge. Close examination shows no unfairness in the Sangamo case, for two reasons. First, the Zinc Finger Consortium provided an open access alternative to dealing with Sangamo. Second, under standard economic criteria Sangamo did not have a monopoly on zinc finger technology.
Growth Factor Regulation of Testicular Function

The evolution of multicellular organisms required communication between different cells to coordinate tissue function. These cell-cell interactions have become vital for the regulation of cellular function, growth, and differentiation.
Glucuronide conjugates of 4-aminobiphenyl and its N-hydroxy metabolites: pH stability and synthesis by human and dog liver

Abstract Glucuronide conjugates of arylamines are thought to be important in the carcinogenic process. This study investigated the pH stability and synthesis of glucuronide conjugates of 4-aminobiphenyl and its N-hydroxy metabolites by human and dog liver. Both dog and human liver slices incubated with 0.06 mM [3H]-4-aminobiphenyl produced the N-glucuronide of 4-aminobiphenyl as the major product. After 2 hr of incubation, the N-glucuronide of 4-aminobiphenyl represented 52 and 27% of the total radioactivity recovered by HPLC in dog and human, respectively. When 4-aminobiphenyl, N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl, or N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-4-aminobiphenyl was added to human microsomes containing [14C]UDP-glucuronic acid, a new product peak was detected by HPLC. At 0.5 mM, the rate of glucuronidation was N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-4-aminobiphenyl > N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl > 4-aminobiphenyl. The rate of formation of the N-glucuronide of 4-aminobiphenyl was similar to that observed with benzidine and N-acetylbenzidine. The glucuronides of 4-aminobiphenyl and N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl were both acid labile with T 1 2 values of 10.5 and 32 min, respectively, at pH 5.5. The glucuronide of N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-4-aminobiphenyl was not acid labile with T 1 2 values at pH 5.5 and 7.4 of 55 and 68 min, respectively. The glucuronide of 4-aminobiphenyl was the most acid labile conjugate examined. Thus, the glucuronide of 4-aminobiphenyl is a major product of dog and human liver slice metabolism and likely to play an important role in the carcinogenic process.
Plasmon-polaron of the topological metallic surface states

We report a plasmon-polaron mode of a two-dimensional electron gas occupying surface states of a three-dimensional topological crystal. This low-frequency, acoustic plasmon mode splits off from the conventional spin-plasmon mode as a result of strong interactions of the surface electrons with bulk phonons. We show that like in the case of the conventional spin plasmon, the scattering of this mode is strongly suppressed in some regions of the phase space. This signature of topological protection leads to an umklapp-free mode dispersion at the Brillouin zone boundary. Such a plasmon-polaron mode has indeed been recently observed in the topological metal ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$.
Quarkonium in-medium transport equation derived from first principles

We use the open quantum system formalism to study the dynamical in-medium evolution of quarkonium. The system of quarkonium is described by potential nonrelativistic QCD while the environment is a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma in local thermal equilibrium below the melting temperature of the quarkonium. Under the Markovian approximation, it is shown that the Lindblad equation leads to a Boltzmann transport equation if a Wigner transform is applied to the system density matrix. Our derivation illuminates how the microscopic time reversibility of QCD is consistent with the time-irreversible in-medium evolution of quarkonium states. Static screening, dissociation, and recombination of quarkonium are treated in the same theoretical framework. In addition, quarkonium annihilation is included in a similar way, although the effect is negligible for the phenomenology of the current heavy ion collision experiments. The methods used here can be extended to study quarkonium dynamical evolution inside a strongly coupled QGP, a hot medium out of equilibrium, or cold nuclear matter, which is important to studying quarkonium production in heavy ion, proton-ion, and electron-ion collisions.
Case 38-2018: A 54-Year-Old Man with New Heart Failure

A Man with New Heart Failure A 54-year-old man presented with severe symptoms of heart failure. An evaluation revealed a wide pulse pressure, displaced cardiac impulse, volume overload, and a diast...
My User is a Machine: Making Information Accessible to Disabled Users by Structuring for Machine Intermediaries

Accessibility to information for disabled human users has increasingly become a legal and ethical concern for public education institutions. The Americans with Disabilities Act guarantees freedom f...
Doubting the Diagnosis but Seeking a Talking Cure: An Experimental Investigation of Causal Explanations for Depression and Willingness to Accept Treatment

In the current literature there is a general lack of research examining the impact of causal explanations on beliefs about psychotherapy, willingness to accept treatment, and treatment expectancies. The present study was aimed at experimentally investigating effects of causal explanations for depression on treatment-seeking behavior and beliefs. Participants at a large Southern university (N = 139; 78% female; average age 19.77) received bogus screening results indicating high depression risk, then viewed an explanation of depression etiology (fixed biological vs. malleable biopsychosocial) before receiving a treatment referral (antidepressant vs. psychotherapy). Participants accepted the cover story at face value, but some expressed doubts about the screening task’s ability to properly assess their individual depression. Within the skeptics, those given a fixed biological explanation for depression were relatively unwilling to accept either treatment, but those given a malleable biopsychosocial explanation were much more willing to accept psychotherapy. Importantly, differences in skepticism were not due to levels of actual depressive symptoms. Information about the malleability of depression may have a protective effect for persons who otherwise would not accept treatment.
School Psychology from an Instructional Perspective: Solving Big, Not Little Problems.

School psychology from the instructional perspective must change as we enter the 21st Century. Our typical approach of solving problems one student at a time will not be successful in impacting the...
Efficacy of myofascial release

Date Presented 04/04/19 This session will inform practitioners about recent evidence surrounding the efficacy of myofascial release in the treatment of adults with upper-extremity orthopedic or peripheral nerve conditions. Content will address implications and limitations. Primary Author and Speaker: Sheryl Zylstra Additional Authors and Speakers: Tiffany Farley, Michelle Chait, Erin Eaton, George Tomlin
Compensatory Microhabitat Selection by Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) in a Cool and Wet Macroclimate

Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) have a range that extends from southern California into British Columbia. This subspecies is common in relatively warm and arid regions, but also occurs in habitats that are neither warm nor arid. We hypothesized that the presence of suitable microhabitat conditions can compensate for a less suitable macroclimate, allowing C. o. oreganus to exist in less suitable regions. We developed environmental niche models for C. o. oreganus at two spatial scales: (1) northern California and western Oregon, and (2) the northern California coast. These models explored macroclimatic suitability of northern, coastal California relative to other regions within the range of C. o. oreganus. The models revealed that the three most northern and coastal counties of California have a significantly less suitable macroclimate relative to the rest of each study area. Next, we used paired resource selection functions to determine microhabitat differences between rocky outcrops used as hibernacula and outcrops that are unoccupied by rattlesnakes despite similarities. Our analysis indicated selection for outcrops with more deep crevices, less vegetative cover, and slopes facing due south (180° from North). Additionally, we mapped landslides near hibernacula, which revealed that hibernacula commonly occurred within the head-scarps of landslides. We suggest that because landslide triggers (e.g., heavy rainfall and earthquakes) occur frequently along California's north coast, more rocky outcrops are created that are suitable as hibernacula. The relatively high abundance of these suitable outcrops compensates for the marginal macroclimate, allowing C. o. oreganus to occur in the region.
The Most Vulnerable

The history of American child welfare policy includes a focus on removing children from poor parents, rather than supporting economically vulnerable families, a process which continues today. Increasingly stringent welfare eligibility criteria and the exclusion of millions of families from assistance has been directly linked with increased child poverty, child abuse, and foster care placements in the United States. The economic cost of growing childhood poverty, via increased crime, poorer health outcomes, and decreased economic productivity, is currently estimated at $1.03 trillion per year. Having no control over their parents’ actions, children are the ultimate losers in the government’s attempts to shape parental behavior. Conversely, improvements in child health, nutrition, well-being, and educational outcomes are a consistent finding of the various basic income experiments.
Evaluating the factor structure of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory: An independent replication and extension

Abstract The Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) is a recently-developed measure of the Hexaflex/Inflexahex conceptualization of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. The replicability of the factor structure has yet to be independently investigated, and the factor structure of the short form has not been investigated at all. A sample of 314 college undergraduates provided MPFI data. A confirmatory factor analysis replicated the putative 12-factor structure for the long form of the measure. An exploratory factor analysis of the short form revealed a 12-factor structure consistent with that reported for the long form, and a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis of the short form provided further support. The present study supports the proposed factor structure of both the full scale and short form of the MPFI.