cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of personality and affect on the social support and work family conflict relationship

The relationship between support and work family conflict has been studied extensively, but previous studies have not examined if personality moderates this relationship. In this research, we examine the moderating influence of personality on the relationship between contextual support and work-family conflict across two studies. In Study 1, we examine if core self-evaluations (CSE) moderate the relationship between four different types of workplace support, 1. family friendly work policies (FFOP), 2. family supportive organizational climate (FSOC), 3. perceived organizational support (POS), and 4. perceived supervisor support (PSS), and work interfering with family conflict (WIF) using a sample of working adults (N=435). In Study 2, we examine if Big Five personality traits and negative affect moderate the relationship between co-worker support and (WIF) using a large national sample (N=1130) of working respondents from the “midlife in the US” (MIDUS) study of health and well-being. Taken together, the current research examines the moderating effect of several key personality variables on the relationship between important forms of social support and work family conflict. Results based on these two samples indicate CSE moderates the relationship between POS and WIF, and PSS and WIF, but does not moderate the relationship between FFOP and WIF, or FSOC and WIF. Further, conscientiousness and agreeableness moderate the relationship between co-worker support and WIF. Co-worker support and WIF is stronger for individuals with higher levels of negative affect. We discuss the implications for research and practice relating to work family conflict.
Brand Information Sources, Opinion Change, and Uncertainty

decision-making processes [2, 3, 5, 7], but several methodological problems limit the usefulness of the findings. First, researchers have used different operational definitions of source importance and none adequately measure these sources' impact on decision making. For example, in using the percentage of respondents who report being exposed to a source while making a decision [2, 5], there is no necessary relationship between exposure and influence. Also, measures of effectiveness (see [8] for a categorization) provide only a partial indication of source impact since the data do not show the degree to which sources influenced decisions. Finally, a five-point scale asking how "helpful" a source was in reaching a decision [9] has been developed, but it does not show how a source affected existing information states, the affective dimension of respondents' attitudes, or predispositions. A second methodological problem, caused by lack of control in field studies, is distinguishing the influence of the source from the influence of the information content.
Cellular interactions in hemopoietic progenitor cell homing: A review

Within the bone marrow microenvironment, dynamic cellular interactions are constantly occurring. These interactions involve hemopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells and maturing cells, physically interacting with other cells, some of which may function as accessory cells, and others which comprise the stromal elements; hemopoietic cells also interact with non-cellular elements, such as glycoproteins and fibrous proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These interactions serve to regulate normal hemopoiesis by allowing the communication of regulatory information, migration and subsequent homing of stem cells within specific organs, and presentation of hemopoietic growth factors in a biologically relevant fashion. The goal of this review is to examine the specific cellular interactions that relate to the phenomenon of homing of intravenously transplanted stem cells to the bone marrow.
The impact of analog computational error on an analog boolean satisfiability solver

We present an analog implementation of a dynamical system for solving Boolean satisfiability, an NP-complete problem. Simulations of modest-sized hardware implementations in the presence of noise and integrator offset demonstrate that the algorithm is suitable for implementation in analog electronics.
Ru-catalyzed sequence for the synthesis of cyclic amido-ethers

Efficient synthesis of versatile building blocks for enabling medicinal chemistry research has always challenged synthetic chemists to develop innovative methods. Of particular interest are the methods that are amenable to the synthesis of chemically distinct and diverse classes of pharmaceutically relevant motifs. Herein we report a general method for the one-pot synthesis of cyclic α-amido-ethers containing different amide functionalities including lactams, tetramic acids and amino acids. For the incorporation of the nucleotide bases, a chemo and regioselective palladium-catalyzed transformation has been developed, providing rapid access to nucleoside analogs.
Lymphoma and Peripheral Neuropathy: Sudden Weakness in a Patient with T-Cell Lymphoma.

Abstract Introduction: Lymphomas (both Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's [NHL]) can affect the peripheral nervous system and cause peripheral neuropathies in 5–8 % of patients. The mechanisms by which this can occur include directly infiltrating nerves, paraneoplastic mechanism, metabolic and infectious processes, and side effects of treatment. Most neurological complications occur in NHL, the majority being B-cell NHL. Only few cases have been reported T-cell NHL and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy. We report once such case. Case: A 70-year-old female initially presented with left nostril lockage and maxillary sinus pressure. Examination revealed a black mass in the left nostril and swelling of the nose, including left nasal-lacrimal area. The rest of the physical exam was unremarkable. Biopsy revealed natural killer/T-cell (NK/T-cell) lymphoma nasal type, an aggressive but uncommon lymphoma in the United States. She underwent CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) chemotherapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan was negative for lesions in chest, abdomen and pelvis. Three weeks after completing chemotherapy, she presented with acute lower extremity paraparesis. On examination, she had absent lower extremity reflexes. A computed tomography scan of the brain revealed a tumor infiltrating the left orbit. After undergoing numerous investigations including, lumbar puncture and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cervical and thoracic spine, electromyography and nerve conduction studies revealed abnormal findings suggestive of inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin without significant improvement. Soon after, she had facial nerve involvement that was confirmed on an MRI of the brain. Six months after the initial diagnosis of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma, the patient's symptoms worsened and she was referred to hospice and expired. Conclusion: Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma often follows an aggressive course. The majority of peripheral neuropathy cases in NHL are chemotherapy related. Although most cases of peripheral neuropathy occur in B-cell NHL, this is a case of T-cell NHL associated with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy.
Privacy risk awareness and the behavior of smartwatch users: A case study of Indiana University students

The next big entrant into the interconnected family of the Internet of Things (IoT) is the smartwatch, which brings together a range of functionalities hitherto provided separately by traditional watch and the smartphone. While a lot of studies have focused on the technical/security aspects of the smartwatch, not much attention has been given to the user and privacy aspects of the smartwatch. In this work, we begin an exploratory user study aimed at assessing the privacy-awareness of American College students, their attitude towards privacy, and how that level of awareness and their privacy attitudes factor into their smartwatch-related privacy-enhancing behavior. For this study, we focus on the IUB student community as a starting point. This study has far-reaching implications for the evaluation of smartwatch-related privacy issues, as it highlights the importance and significance of the role of the user. The user perspectives highlighted will also better serve the needs of the smartwatch design community.
Bilingualism and symbolic abstraction: Implications for algebra learning

Abstract Much of the research on bilingualism and math learning focuses on the potential challenges that bilinguals and language learners may face. The current line of research took an alternative approach and explored whether a bilingual advantage may emerge for a novel algebraic problem solving task that requires symbolic thought, the Symbol Math task. No differences were seen between bilingual and monolingual samples on basic math or executive control tasks; however, a bilingual advantage was seen in performance on the Symbol Math task across two experiments. The results suggest that bilingualism may improve the ability to engage in more abstract or symbolic thought processes, which may have important implications for algebra learning.
A Population of Projection Neurons that Inhibits the Lateral Horn but Excites the Antennal Lobe through Chemical Synapses in Drosophila

In the insect olfactory system, odor information is transferred from the antennal lobe (AL) to higher brain areas by projection neurons (PNs) in multiple antennal lobe tracts (ALTs). In several species, one of the ALTs, the mediolateral ALT (mlALT), contains some GABAergic PNs; in the Drosophila brain, the great majority of ventral projection neurons (vPNs) are GABAergic and project through this tract to the lateral horn (LH). Most PNs, which are excitatory (ePNs), project through the medial ALT (mALT) to the mushroom body and the LH. Recent studies have shown that GABAergic vPNs play inhibitory roles at their axon terminals in the LH. However, little is known about the properties and functions of vPNs at their dendritic branches in the AL. Here, we used optogenetic and patch clamp techniques to investigate the functional roles of vPNs in the AL. Surprisingly, our results show that specific activation of vPNs reliably elicits strong excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) in ePNs. Moreover, the connections between vPNs and ePNs are mediated by direct chemical synapses. Neither pulses of GABA, nor pharmagological, or genetic blockade of GABAergic transmission gave results consistent with the involvement of GABA in vPN-ePN excitatory transmission. These unexpected results suggest new roles for the vPN population in olfactory information processing.
Endoscopic Endonasal and Transcranial Surgery for Microsurgical Resection of Ventral Foramen Magnum Meningiomas: A Preliminary Experience.

BACKGROUND Purely ventral foramen magnum meningiomas are challenging tumors to treat given their location, and proximity and relationship to vital neurovascular structures. OBJECTIVE To present endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) as a complementary approach to the far-lateral suboccipital approach (FLA) for ventral midline tumors. METHODS From May 2008 to October 2013, 5 patients underwent EES and 5 FLA for primary ventral foramen magnum meningiomas. We retrospectively reviewed their records to evaluate outcomes. RESULTS Nine of 10 patients presented with long-tract and lower cranial nerve deficits. All patients who presented with deficits preoperatively completely normalized after tumor resection regardless of approach. Gross total resection was achieved in 2 cases in the EES group and 4 cases in the FLA group (the rest were near total). Vascular encasement was a limitation to gross total resection with both approaches. Preoperative median Karnofsky Performance Scale score was 80 and improved to 100 in both groups. Following EES, 1 patient developed cerebrospinal fluid leak with resultant meningitis. Two patients developed hydrocephalus, one of which developed an epidural abscess following necrosis of the nasoseptal flap, requiring debridement. In the FLA group, 1 patient developed a pseudomeningocele associated with hydrocephalus. One patient developed an abdominal fat graft site hematoma. CONCLUSION Both approaches provide excellent results for resection of ventral foramen magnum meningiomas, with reconstruction and hydrocephalus as the main sources of complication. In our practice, EES is a preferred technique in ventral, purely midline tumors with limited inferior extension and reduced lower cranial nerve manipulation, whereas FLA is preferred in tumors with lateral and caudal extension below the tip of the dens.
A Method for Combined Retinal Vascular and Tissue Oxygen Tension Imaging

The retina requires adequate oxygenation to maintain cellular metabolism and visual function. Inner retinal oxygen metabolism is directly related to retinal vascular oxygen tension (PO2) and inner retinal oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), whereas outer retinal oxygen consumption (QO2) relies on oxygen availability by the choroid and is contingent upon retinal tissue oxygen tension (tPO2) gradients across the retinal depth. Thus far, these oxygenation and metabolic parameters have been measured independently by different techniques in separate animals, precluding a comprehensive and correlative assessment of retinal oxygenation and metabolism dynamics. The purpose of the current study is to report an innovative optical system for dual oxyphor phosphorescence lifetime imaging to near-simultaneously measure retinal vascular PO2 and tPO2 in rats. The use of a new oxyphor with different spectral characteristics allowed differentiation of phosphorescence signals from the retinal vasculature and tissue. Concurrent measurements of retinal arterial and venous PO 2 , tPO2 through the retinal depth, inner retinal OEF, and outer retinal QO 2 were demonstrated, permitting a correlative assessment of retinal oxygenation and metabolism. Future application of this method can be used to investigate the relations among retinal oxygen content, extraction and metabolism under pathologic conditions and thus advance knowledge of retinal hypoxia pathophysiology.
Crossing between the Great Wall of China and the “Great” Trump Wall

Can a border wall really deter invaders and crossers alike, while defending, unifying, and maintaining the “purity” of the culture that it encircles? The first Chinese emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210 BC) and his successors in the following dynasties tried to achieve the purpose; the Great Wall of China testifies timelessly to such epic efforts. Have the Chinese rulers succeeded? The question has become increasingly daunting and unanswerable as history unfolds and evolves. Ironically, over more than two millennia, the piecemeal erection of the Great Wall has indeed sequenced a ‘wall-DNA’ in a cultural blueprint. Fast forwarding to the 21st century America, we find ourselves asking the same questions when President Trump vows to build a “great, great” wall, physical and impenetrable on the US-Mexico border. The Trump Wall is designed to stop Mexican illegal immigrants entering the US so that Americans’ interests will be protected, English language will not be “contaminated”, and American values will not be challenged. The Trump wall sets out to delineate what America is and thus attempts to “make America great again”. In an intercultural engagement, this article decodes a wall-DNA in American culture, argues that the Trump wll is more of a mental construct than a physical one, and calls for a redefinition of a 21st century American cultural identity, in front of the Trump Wall.
The Joy of SET

Edited by Jason RosenhouseDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807By Liz McMahon, Gary Gordon, Hannah Gordon, and Rebecca Gordon, Princeton Univers...
Bullying victimization, negative emotions, and substance use: utilizing general strain theory to examine the undesirable outcomes of childhood bullying victimization in adolescence and young adulthood

Bullying victimization has been directly associated with a variety of negative outcomes, but there are still many unknowns as to how deleterious emotional states resulting from victimization influe...
Berkeley Seismic Moment Tensor Method, Uncertainty Analysis, and Study of Non-double-couple Seismic Events

For the past two decades, the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory has implemented and utilized as part of its routine operations a regional distance.
Advanced Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Advanced PDR is not only characterized by retinal neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhage (VH) but also can include rubeosis iridis, neovascular glaucoma, and development of preretinal fibrous membranes with tractional retinal detachment (TRD), macular dragging, and, sometimes, a combined traction-rhegmatogenous RD. Additional findings can include anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation, which can lead to cyclitic membrane formation, RD, and hypotony. Such eyes frequently undergo pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). In some cases, antiangiogenic adjuvant pharmacologic therapy is used to treat diabetes-related VH and neovascularization.
Electron transport in N-polar GaN-based heterostructures

Electron transport in N-polar GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with a combination of In0.18Al0.82N-AlN as the barrier was studied via temperature-dependent van der Pauw Hall and Shubnikov de Haas measurements. In contrast to Ga-polar HEMT structures, no persistent photoconductivity could be detected. In a sample with 10 nm thick InAlN, only one oscillation frequency was observed, demonstrating that a single sublevel is present. From the oscillations, a two-dimensional electron gas carrier density of 8.54 × 1012 cm−2 and a mobility of 4970 cm2/V s were extracted at 1.7 K. This sample was further investigated using ionic liquid gating. The charge density was varied from 7.5 × 1012 cm−2 to 9.6 × 1012 cm−2. The electron mobility significantly declined with decreasing charge density. This is in contrast to Ga-polar HEMT structures, where the electron mobility typically increases slightly as the charge density decreases.
Peer-led Surgical Clerkship Programming Support Through the General Surgery Interest Group at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Objective We present a systematic, sustainable, student-led model for supporting the Surgical Clerkship experience. Design Our model includes student-led suturing and knot-tying classes, operating room tours, skills sessions, and shelf review sessions provided systematically for each of 5 Surgical Clerkship blocks in the 2017 to 2018 academic year. Setting Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Participants Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Surgical Clerkship students and senior medical student instructors. Results Successful implementation of a peer-led support program for the Surgical Clerkship with a majority of students rating the helpfulness of both the operating room tours and the skills sessions a 4 or 5 on a Likert scale. Conclusion Our student-led model for a Surgical Clerkship support program can be successfully implemented and demonstrates positive initial indicators of effectiveness.
The synthesis of novel polycyclic heterocyclic ring systems via photocyclization. 10. Synthesis and structure determination of naphtho[1′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐a]‐4,7‐phenanthroline

Naphtho[1',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-a]-4,7-phenanthroline, a novel hexacyclic ring system has been synthesized in four steps. The 1 H and 13 C nmr assignments have been made using two-dimensional nmr techniques. The tertiary helical structure was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis
An Empirical Study of Factors Affecting Language-Independent Models.

Scaling existing applications and solutions to multiple human languages has traditionally proven to be difficult, mainly due to the language-dependent nature of preprocessing and feature engineering techniques employed in traditional approaches. In this work, we empirically investigate the factors affecting language-independent models built with multilingual representations, including task type, language set and data resource. On two most representative NLP tasks -- sentence classification and sequence labeling, we show that language-independent models can be comparable to or even outperforms the models trained using monolingual data, and they are generally more effective on sentence classification. We experiment language-independent models with many different languages and show that they are more suitable for typologically similar languages. We also explore the effects of different data sizes when training and testing language-independent models, and demonstrate that they are not only suitable for high-resource languages, but also very effective in low-resource languages.
Quantitative temperature distribution measurements by non-contact scanning thermal microscopy using Wollaston probes under ambient conditions.

Temperature measurement using Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) usually involves heat transfer across the mechanical contact and liquid meniscus between the thermometer probe and the sample. Variations in contact conditions due to capillary effects at sample-probe contact and wear and tear of the probe and sample interfere with the accurate determination of the sample surface temperature. This paper presents a method for quantitative temperature sensing using SThM in noncontact mode. In this technique, the thermal probe is scanned above the sample at a distance comparable with the mean free path of ambient gas molecules. A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model (3DFEM) that includes the details of the heat transfer between the sample and the probe in the diffusive and transition heat conduction regimes was found to accurately simulate the temperature profiles measured using a Wollaston thermal probe setup. In order to simplify the data reduction for the local sample temperature, analytical models were developed for noncontact measurements using Wollaston probes. Two calibration strategies (active calibration and passive calibration) for the sample-probe thermal exchange parameters are presented. Both calibration methods use sample-probe thermal exchange resistance correlations developed using the 3DFEM to accurately capture effects due to sample-probe gap geometry and the thermal exchange radii in the diffusive and transition regimes. The analytical data reduction methods were validated by experiments and 3DFEM simulations using microscale heaters deposited on glass and on dielectric films on silicon substrates. Experimental and predicted temperature profiles were independent of the probe-sample clearance in the range of 100–200 nm, where the sample-probe thermal exchange resistance is practically constant. The difference between the SThM determined and actual average microheater temperature rise was between 0.1% and 0.5% when using active calibration on samples with known thermal properties and between ∼1.6% and 3.5% when using passive calibration, which yields robust sample-probe thermal exchange parameters that can be used also on samples with unknown thermal properties.
Pharmacy Students' Perceptions of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems as Compared to Those of Other Health Care Students.

Objective. To determine how pharmacy students’ perceptions of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) differ from those of other health care students. Methods. A 33-item questionnaire was sent to health professional students at a Midwestern university to assess their tobacco use, insights regarding ENDS, cessation education, and perceptions. Health professions included were pharmacy, nursing, public health, optometry, dental hygiene, and others. Results. The overall response rate to the questionnaire was 41% (1152/2799). The study population reported high ENDS use. Almost half (47%) of the respondents had ever used ENDS and 14% were current users (6% pharmacy students vs 19% other health care students). A lower percentage of pharmacy students than other health care students agreed that using ENDS is healthier than using tobacco (18% vs 26%). Overall, pharmacy students more strongly agreed that they had received enough education to counsel patients regarding tobacco cessation (rated 4.7 by pharmacy students vs 3.6 by other health care students on a seven-point Likert scale) and ENDS cessation (rated 3.3 by pharmacy students vs 2.9 by other health care students). Finally, pharmacy students were less likely than other health care students to recommend the use of ENDS to aid patients in quitting traditional cigarette use (2.9 vs 3.2, respectively). Conclusion. The rapid rise in use of ENDS and the continued use of cigarettes in the United States makes it imperative for health care professionals to be knowledgeable about these products and prepared to counsel patients regarding them. We found that pharmacy students tended to have more negative perceptions about ENDS and a lower percentage of pharmacy students than other health care students agreed that ENDS should be used as a cessation tool for quitting traditional cigarettes.
Eating behaviors and strategies to promote weight loss and maintenance

Summary It may at times seem like we are searching for a cure for obesity with a magic diet, evidenced by past fad diets and the current attraction to low-carbohydrate diets and ketogenic diets. This chapter discusses the biologic basis of our eating behaviors and the biologic basis of health improvement with weight loss. With this understanding, we discuss the behavioral change approaches that can be used to navigate the modern food environment and lose enough weight to improve health. First, we review the evidence base for lifestyle intervention with a purpose of understanding the push by all professional societies to implement intensive behavioral therapy for obesity. The chapter discusses calorie targets and calorie deficits, episodic fasting, mindfulness, and the emergence of electronic self-monitoring tools. All of these approaches are based on our understanding of the biology of food intake. But weight loss is only the beginning; the hard part of losing weight for most patients with obesity is weight loss maintenance, and we discuss the important shift in focus to maintain lost weight, along with promising methods to achieve this goal.
Mitigating the Effects of Non-Identifiability on Inference for Bayesian Neural Networks with Latent Variables

Bayesian Neural Networks with Latent Variables (BNN+LVs) provide uncertainties in prediction estimates by explicitly modeling model uncertainty (via priors on network weights) and environmental stochasticity (via a latent input noise variable). In this work, we first show that BNN+LV suffers from a serious form of non-identifiability: explanatory power can be transferred between model parameters and input noise while fitting the data equally well. We demonstrate that as a result, the posterior mode over the network weights and latent variables is asymptotically biased away from the ground truth, and as a result, traditional inference methods may yield parameters that generalize poorly and mis-estimate uncertainty. Next, we develop a novel inference procedure that explicitly mitigates the effects of likelihood non-identifiability during training and yields high quality predictions as well as uncertainty estimates. We demonstrate that our inference method improves upon benchmark methods across a range of synthetic and real data sets.
Sanctioned licensing board violations for marriage and family therapists spanning a 10-year period.

Although disciplinary data on violations committed by licensed mental health professionals are important information for training programs, supervisors, and regulators, little disciplinary information is available on licensed marriage and family therapists (MFTs). This study collected data publicly available from state regulatory board websites and open records requests from 35 states for a total of 1241 separate cases, 889 of which were from CA. The findings indicated that the five most common violations for MFTs in 34 states (not including CA) were nonsexual dual relationships, failure to meet CE hour requirements, sexual dual relationships, unlicensed practice, and misrepresentation on licensing applications or renewals. For CA, the most common violations included criminal charges-misdemeanor, DUI/inappropriate substance use, unprofessional conduct, misrepresentation on licensure paperwork, and failure to meet CE hour requirements. MFTs licensed between 2 and 5 years committed the majority of violations. Implications for training programs, supervisors, and regulators are discussed.
Ecuador’s dual populisms: Neocolonial extractivism, violence and indigenous resistance:

This article examines the confluence of extractivism, violence, and their resistance in the context of left governance – specifically the case of Ecuador – through an engagement with the concept of...
The Great White Hope: Black Albinism and the Deposing of the White Subject in John Edgar Wideman’s Sent For You Yesterday

John Edgar Wideman cleverly liberates the African American community from the destructive pretense of racial essentialism by employing the racial ambiguity of the albinic body. In his novel Sent For You Yesterday (1983), Wideman portrays Brother Tate, a black albinic character, as both a catalyst for challenging the limitations and inconsistency of our Western mythos of identity and a medium for preserving African American culture. Hecritiques Western culture’s grand racial classification in that he interrogates the supposition that race is a natural and indisputable aspect of the human condition. The Darwinian hierarchy through which race is expressed inherently privileges one expression of humanity (the original white subject) over the implied inferiority of allothers. By positioning the albinic body as the a priori condition of the human condition, Wideman is able to denaturalize the racial inferiority of blackness and discredit the notion of white superiority. With this, the reputed racial whiteness of the “original man” is discardedand supplanted by the fluidly of the albinic body. Asa racially indeterminate character, Brother Tate offers an unmediated investigation into the black condition without the convoluted misrepresentations of blacknessmanufactured to subjugate, coerce, distort, and censure the black community for generations. Key words : Albinism (albino); Race; Blackness;Community; John Edgar Wideman
The Role of Nitrogen Oxides in the Wet and Dry Deposition of Acidity

Both sulfur and nitrogen pollutants may contribute to acidification of the environment. Measurements indicate that nitric acid is an important contributor to the acidity of snowmelt but that sulfuric acid is the major contributor to rain acidity. In summer nitrate may be utilized by biological processes which effectively neutralize one hydrogen ion per nitrate utilized. In the winter these processes may not be rapid enough to utilize the nitric acid in snowmelt before it reaches lakes and streams. Therefore, NOx may be of concern during the winter, especially in regard to acidification of lakes and streams and spring fish kills. A budgeting exercise for SO2 and NOx leads to an estimate that passenger cars contribute 5% of annual wet deposition of acidity in the U.S., 8.5% of total (wet plus dry) acid deposition, and 11% of the acidity in snowmelt, as measured at several sites in the rural, northeast U.S.
Behavioral Effects of Differential Experience

Just as manipulation of the complexity of the stimulus environment leads to changes in the brain, experimental manipulation of the stimulus world has a measurable impact on behavior; indeed, this issue was studied prior to the search for neural correlates of differential experience. As early as 1947, Hebb reported behavioral differences between rats reared in a complex environment and rats reared in an impoverished environment. Since that time, the majority of investigations of behavior in differentially housed animals have focussed on direct measures of learning and memory; few studies have addressed other facets of behavior. While an impressive catalog can be assembled of our knowledge of anatomical and neurochemical differences between the brains of animals from enriched and impoverished environments, comparatively little is known about just what these differences are good for in the animals’ world, and even less is known of the nature of the relationship between cerebral and behavioral alterations induced by differential environments.
Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on Laboratory-Inoculated Mung Bean Seed by Chlorine Treatment

Three U.S. outbreaks of foodborne illness due to consumption of contaminated raw mung bean sprouts occurred in the past 2 years and were caused by Salmonella Enteritidis. The original source of the pathogens is thought to have been the seed. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with aqueous chlorine would eliminate the pathogens from mung bean seed inoculated in the laboratory with four-strain cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Treatments (for 5, 10, or 15 min) with buffered (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or unbuffered solutions containing 0.3 or 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)2 were tested. In order to mimic common commercial practice, seed was rinsed before and after treatment with sterile tap water. Treatment for 15 min with buffer (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or sterile water in combination with the seed rinses resulted in maximum reductions of approximately 3 log10 CFU/g. The largest reductions (4 to 5 log10 CFU/g) for the chlorine treatments in combinat...
Extra ecclesiam nulla revelatio?: God’s self-disclosure to non-Christian religions in contemporary Catholic theology

The author explores the conciliar and post-conciliar documents of the Catholic Church in order to draw out the tensions and ambiguities of its position regarding the nature and role of revelation in the origin of non-Christian religions. Within the framework of this position, moderate Catholic theologians have argued that, as other religions have their origins in God’s specific self-disclosure, they differ only in degree from Christianity. Their arguments combined with an in-depth analysis of Church documents yields the conclusion that the position of the Catholic Church is logically amenable to an affirmation of religious pluralism de iure. If the Catholic Church desires to officially reject this conclusion, it must explicitly address the apparent inconsistencies that its own theologians find in this rejection.
Use of dextran (macrodex) in burns

Abstract Macrodex has been administered to a limited series of burned patients. The correction of existing shock and depletion of blood volume has been satisfactory. No untoward reactions or complications attributable to macrodex have been encountered in these patients. Markedly lowered concentrations of plasma proteins or hemodilution anemias have not been a problem, and a method for determination of serum proteins in the presence of macrodex is presented. Macrodex is recommended primarily for use in the early or shock phase of burns and in conjunction with administration of whole blood. The oral route should be utilized whenever possible for administration of protein supplements and as much of the required electrolyte and other non-colloidal solutions as practicable. Favorable results from the use of macrodex in the treatment of burns, such as are reported herein and by other investigators, should stimulate continued use and evaluation of its merits in large series of burns. Necropsy studies in cases of severe burns in which macrodex was given reveal a singular lack of significant pathologic changes resulting from this plasma volume expander, with the exception of reversible renal changes in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Further investigation of the relationship, if any, between macrodex-induced changes in the convoluted tubules of the kidney and those associated with the syndrome of "lower nephron nephrosis" is desirable.
Congenital anomalies identified at birth among infants born following assisted reproductive technology in colorado

Background Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has assisted many infertile couples in conceiving. Despite increasing use in the United States, the association between ART and congenital anomalies remains a highly contested subject. We conducted a study to examine the risk of congenital anomalies among infants conceived using ART. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 344,567 infants born in Colorado from 2007 to 2011 was conducted using data obtained from the Colorado Birth Certificate Database. The incidence of congenital anomalies identified at birth following conception with ART was assessed and compared with all naturally conceived infants born during the same time period. The odds ratio was calculated using multiple logistic regression after adjusting for multiple confounders. Results Of 2071 infants, 23 (1.11%) conceived using ART had a congenital anomaly identified at birth compared with 3826 (1.12%) of 342,496 infants conceived naturally. The adjusted odds ratio of a congenital anomaly among infants born following conception with ART was 1.01 (95% confidence interval, 0.67–1.52). The proportion of infants born following usage of ART in Colorado has not changed significantly (p = 0.20) from 2007 to 2011 with an overall proportion of 0.60% (range 0.52–0.64%), while the incidence of congenital anomalies has decreased significantly (p = 0.002) during the study years with an average of 1.12% (range, 0.92–1.25%). Conclusion This study suggests that conception by means of ART is not associated with an increased risk of congenital abnormalities identified by birth certificate data in Colorado when compared with births following natural conception. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:92–99, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproductive Physiological Responses of Cattle to Exogenous Prostaglandin F2 α

Prostaglandin F2alpha caused rapid regression of the corpus luteum and initiated normal transitory hormonal patterns that culiminated in ovulation. PGF2alpha was effective in heat stressed heifers and a thermal stress of 32 C caused no major hormonal alterations from the time of CL regression to ovulation. A luteolytic dose of PGF2alpha tham salt (33.5 mg) given intramuscularly caused no major alterations in blood pressure, heart rate, and uterine or aortic blood temperatures. However, the same dose given as an intravenous jugular infusion over a 2 min period caused major alterations in circulatory homeostasis and body temperature. Treatment of all cattle twice with PGF2alpha tham salt (33.5 mg), 12 days apart, increased the number of responsive heifers at the second PGF2alpha injection. Synchronization of ovulation after the second injection is apparently precise enough to allow for a single timed insemination. Blood injection of estradiol benzoate and GnRH after PGF2alpha treatment will synchronize occurrence of estrus and the preovulatory surge of LH, respectively. However, GnRH treatment at 48 h lowers the frequency of PGF2alpha induced heats and this may be due to alterations in plasma progestins and estradiol.
The entanglement fidelity and quantum error correction

Two new expressions for the entanglement fidelity recently introduced by Schumacher (LANL e-print quant-ph/9604023, to appear in Phys. Rev. A) are derived. These expressions show that it is the entanglement fidelity which must be maximized when performing error correction on qubits for quantum computers, not the fidelity, which is the most-often used generalization of the probability for storing a qubit correctly.
Stable and secure delay-based physical unclonable functions using device aging

The modern secure systems are designed to require ultra-low power secure solutions due to their energy constraints. Compared to the classical cryptography approaches, the physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as a novel security primitive with the property of low power/energy, small area, and high speed. Among the family of PUFs, delay-based PUF takes advantage of the process variation on the gate delays. However, it suffers the problem of instability against operational variations. In this paper, we have proposed to use device-aging to improve the stability of the delay-based PUF which induces negligible energy and area cost. We test to compare the stability of PUFs before and after device-aging against temperature and supply voltage variations.
Preservation of Urine with Sulfamic Acid in Soluble Packages

Sulfamic acid, in polyvinyl alcohol envelopes, makes a safe and convenient preservative for urine, 10 g/liter of urine being a satisfactory concentration. Of several chemical procedures for urine, this preservative altered the results only for steroids.
Electrophoretic Identification of Partially Digested Prey of Piscivorous Fish

Abstract Starch-gel electrophoresis provides a simple method for identifying partially digested piscine prey. We used it to identify two diagnostic enzyme loci for 11 prey species eaten by walleye Stizostedion vitreum in Lake Erie. Walleyes were force-fed prey in the laboratory, their stomach contents were removed, and partially digested prey were electrophoresed. Prey less than 40% digested, by weight, expressed enzyme activity characteristic of undigested controls. Enzyme electrophoresis of partially digested prey items provides an additional source of information for identifying ingested prey and for studying the diet of piscivorous fish.
NO2 and NO Adsorption Properties of KOH-Treated γ-Alumina

A method to control nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) emissions from combustion sources by adsorption of NO{sub 2} and NO on {gamma}-alumina before and after KOH treatments has been evaluated. Compared to previously studied sorbents consisting of magnesium-oxide-coated vermiculite, untreated {gamma}-alumina exhibits a 6-fold increase in activity in tubular flow system tests. XPS analyses of the adsorbent surfaces before and after exposure to NO{sub x} indicate that potassium influences the NO{sub x}-sorption process. Subsequent treatment of {gamma}-alumina with KOH by impregnation or precipitation improves the adsorptive properties of {gamma}-alumina toward both NO{sub 2} and NO, with the precipitated samples performing better than impregnated samples. This research confirms previous findings that sorption of 3 mol of NO{sub 2} on {gamma}-alumina results in the catalytic formation of 1 mol of NO. However, treatment with KOH delays and reduces the formation of NO while increasing 5-fold the amount of NO{sub 2} adsorbed. Formation of nitrate and nitrite species is observed by XPS analysis of KOH-precipitated {gamma}-alumina exposed to NO{sub x}. A 40% loss of BET surface area occurs due to KOH precipitation on {gamma}-alumina followed by a further 56% loss in surface area after saturation with NO{sub x}. The addition of water vapor (3more » vol %) to the feed gas stream significantly enhances the adsorption properties of the KOH-treated {gamma}-alumina. Washing the {gamma}-alumina pellets exposed to NO{sub x} with water essentially removes all of the potassium nitrates and nitrites formed. This harmless solution can be disposed of safely or used as fertilizer, and the pellets can be regenerated.« less
Enhancement of color image data captured using single chip CCD arrays

Charge coupled devices (CCDs) are commonly used in image capture devices to measure color information. A common inexpensive imaging device will use a single chip CCD array. Each CCD element is coupled with a filter for measuring the red, green or blue color content at a particular point. Ideally it is desirable to obtain full RGB color information for each point, however this is not possible as elements with different spectral filters can not occupy the same spatial location. As a result of this, color edges may appear at different spatial locations in the individual color planes causing artifacts such as blurry edges and false coloring. This paper proposes an algorithm for enhancing color image data which was captured with typical single chip CCD arrays. The algorithm is based on stochastic regularization using a Gaussian image model with a deterministic line process to realign the edge information. This image model is used in a maximum a posteriori estimation technique, resulting in a constrained convex optimization problem. Computationally this is optimized using an iterative constrained gradient descent algorithm. Results show that the algorithm works well to reduce, and often eliminate, the visible artifacts in this type of color image capture device.
Oxidative and Phosphorylative Activities of Mitochondria Isolated from Pea Root Tissues.

The isolation of plant mitochondria which demonstrate respiratory control has been reported only recently (15, 16). Mitochondria have been isolated from root tissue of peas (13); however, these particulates have not been characterized with respect to their response to the phosphate acceptor system or to the metabolism of glutamate. This paper describes the properties of pea root mitochondria such as respiratory control and cofactor requirements as well as the probable pathway of glutamate oxidation.
Neuropeptide Regulation of Signaling and Behavior in the BNST

Recent technical developments have transformed how neuroscientists can probe brain function. What was once thought to be difficult and perhaps impossible, stimulating a single set of long range inputs among many, is now relatively straight-forward using optogenetic approaches. This has provided an avalanche of data demonstrating causal roles for circuits in a variety of behaviors. However, despite the critical role that neuropeptide signaling plays in the regulation of behavior and physiology of the brain, there have been remarkably few studies demonstrating how peptide release is causally linked to behaviors. This is likely due to both the different time scale by which peptides act on and the modulatory nature of their actions. For example, while glutamate release can effectively transmit information between synapses in milliseconds, peptide release is potentially slower [See the excellent review by Van Den Pol on the time scales and mechanisms of release (van den Pol, 2012)] and it can only tune the existing signals via modulation. And while there have been some studies exploring mechanisms of release, it is still not as clearly known what is required for efficient peptide release. Furthermore, this analysis could be complicated by the fact that there are multiple peptides released, some of which may act in contrast. Despite these limitations, there are a number of groups making progress in this area. The goal of this review is to explore the role of peptide signaling in one specific structure, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, that has proven to be a fertile ground for peptide action.
Automated Decision Making for Active Cyber Defense: Panel Discussion

The high growth of cyber connectivity significantly increases the potential and sophistication of cyber-attacks. New capabilities based on active cyber defense (ACD) are required to offer automated, intelligently-driven, agile, and resilient cyber defense. Both accurate "sense-making" based security analytics of the system artifacts (e.g., traces, configurations, logs, incident reports, alarms and network traffic), and provably-effective "decision-making" based on robust reasoning are required to enable ACD for cyber security and resiliency. In this panel session, a collection of academic, government, and national laboratory representatives will discuss current drivers and emerging research priorities for ACD technologies. Scheduled panelists include Phil Quade (NSA), Arlette Hart (FBI), Ehab Al-Shaer (UNCC), and Chris Oehmen (PNNL). The panel will focus on the impact of new emerging cyber technologies on the future of resilience and the realization of ACD technologies. Example emerging technologies include clouds/data centers, cyber-physical systems, software defined networking, and Internet of things.