cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Russian Law and Globalization

The Faculty of Law of the University of Helsinki is committed to diverse and internationally collaborative approaches to studying various legal systems in the context of comparative law, and UHLS and the Law Faculty of the National Research University, Higher School of Economics have developed an ongoing program to undertake this effort. The original annual conference series on the Development of Russian Law was launched in 2008 as an initiative to further knowledge and critical thinking about Russian law during its period of transition and modernization. The conference is held annually and brings together legal practitioners and scholars from Russia, Finland and elsewhere to discuss important matters of Russian law, legal reform, and legal practice. Prior years’ Conference themes have included discussions of legal reforms, the justice system, the Russian legal profession, human rights, civil and business law, legal policy, rule-of-law and market economy. This year’s program was designed to attract law faculty, scholars from different disciplines, and also practicing lawyers, to address a wide range of topics grouped around the general theme of how the phenomenon and challenges of globalization affect Russian legal system development. The call for papers included: (i) Relationships between Russian domestic and international law, (ii) The impacts of international legal institutions on the development of Russian law(s), (iii) Globalization in the field of business law, (iv) Global law & Russian legal theory, (v) Regional models of legal cooperation and Russia’s participation, (vi) Transnational legal problems in areas such as constitutionalism and rule-of-law, (vii) Theoretical and applied implications of the concept of global transplants, and (viii) A global human rights agenda, including Russia’s place in this agenda. This was a very ambitious and multi-faceted undertaking. Through a process of careful evaluation, the Conference organizers produced a very diverse and challenging program, consisting of 8 Sessions, (7 panels and one round-table devoted to specific Session themes), along with a general Round-table discussion on the subject of Russian-Finnish legal cooperation partnering.1 The two-day Symposium, October 6–7, was preceded by a Wednesday afternoon PhD student seminar. At this seminar, there were presentations by Dr. Ari Hirvonen (University of Helsinki) on Finnish doctoral education in law and Dr. Svetlana Vasilieva (Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia) on Russian PhD education in law, followed by presentations by PhD students of their works-in-progress.2 Professor Pia Letto-Vanamo, Director of the Doctoral School at the University of Helsinki, then delivered the Keynote Lecture – Methodological Challenges of Legal Research, followed by a Reception for participants. In this lecture, she highlighted how global agenda influences national legal issues and what it is to practice good lawyering.
Inside or Outside the Box? Convergent and Divergent Thinking and the Entrepreneurial Process

Creativity plays a crucial role in the entrepreneurial process since it aids in the development of novel and feasible opportunities. We develop a series of propositions linking the preference for c...
Fabrication of a Low insertion loss intrinsically switchable BAW filter based on BST FBARs

A Low insertion loss (IL) 1.5 stage H'-network ladder type intrinsically switchable bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter based on barium strontium titanate (Ba 0 . 5 Sr 0 . 5 TiO 3 ) thin film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) is presented. The filter is designed and fabricated based on switchable BST FBARs with Q m =300 and K t 2=6%. When a DC bias is applied to the FBARs, the switchable filter is in its ON state and provides an insertion loss of 2.25 dB with 3-dB bandwidth of 58 MHz at 2.08 GHz center frequency. The switchable BST filter presented in this paper provides the lowest IL as compared to the previously reported BST filters.
Cow Going Abstract

In 2004, I was lucky enough to be named Leadership Arts Playwright in Residence at the Banff Centre. One of the things I got to do was take their week long Foundations of Personal Leadership course. The course used a variety of arts-based methods, including clown exercises, theatrical mask work, and paper making. It was a wonderful week in which we explored and developed our own sense of who we were and who we wanted to be as a leader (which has informed much of my own leader development work since). During the course, I took notes of my experience. After the course I tried to capture my own felt experience of the class, my experience of the leadership journey I had been on. Cow Going Abstract is the result.
JUDGMENT CLAIMS IN RECEIVERSHIP PROCEEDINGS

In view of the importance of the subject it is unfortunate that so few of the reported cases on equitable receiverships of corporations have dealt in any comprehensive way with the principles underlying the administrating of the fund for the benefit of creditors. The result is that controversy has outstripped authoritative decision, and the subj ect is unsettled. To this generalization an exception must be noted in respect of the special topic of the application of current railway income to current expenses, before the payment of mortgage indebtedness.' On another disputed topic, the provability of immature claims, the law, or at least the right principle of decision, has been settled, by the notable opinion of Judge Noyes in Pennsylvania Steel Company v. New York City Railway Company,2 followed and reinforced by that of Mr. Justice Holmes in William Filene's Sons Company v. Weed.3 Notwithstanding these important exceptions, the dearth of authority on the general subject is such that Judge Noyes refers to a case cited in his opinion as "almost the only case in which rules have "been formulated with respect to the provability of claims against "insolvent corporations."4 Upon the particular phase of the subject here discussed, the decisions are to, some extent in conflict, and no attempt seems to have been made in text books or decisions to examine the question in the light of principle. Black, for example, dismisses the subject by saying it is generally conceded that a receiver and the corporation whose property is under his charge "are so far in privity that a judgment against the
Self-explaining science texts: strategies, knowledge, and reading skill

Self-explanation refers to explaining text to oneself while reading. We examined the quality of middle-school students' self-explanations of a science text which were collected while they were engaged with iSTART, an interactive computer program that teaches reading strategies. Our analysis included an examination of how the quality of paraphrases (i.e., restating the sentence) and elaborations (i.e., drawing on prior knowledge) were mediated by individual difference measures (reading comprehension skill and prior science knowledge) and sentence difficulty (based on information density). Reading comprehension skill was an important determinant in the production of paraphrases and elaborations. In addition, reading skill affected the quality of self-explanations produced; that is, skilled readers produced better quality elaborations (e.g., elaborations that helped build a global understanding of the text). Prior knowledge was also important, with high-knowledge students providing more 'distant' paraphrases. Finally, the production of elaborations and paraphrases was influenced by sentence difficulty. Fewer accurate elaborations were produced for the more difficult sentences. Implications for individual differences and sentence difficulty in the production of self-explanations are discussed.
Brief announcement : verification of stabilizing programs with SMT solvers

We focus on the verification of stabilizing programs using SMT solvers. SMT solvers have the potential to convert the verification problem into a satisfiability problem of a Boolean formula and utilize efficient techniques to determine whether it is satisfiable. In this work, we study the approach of utilizing techniques from bounded model checking to determine whether the given program is stabilizing.
Animal models of HIV-1 disease

Using the URL at the [end][1] of this item, readers can immediately offer feedback and suggestions on this topic. A nimal models [[HN1][2]] provide a controlled setting for the study of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) disease, the preclinical testing of novel antiviral compounds [[HN2][3]],
Topology switching for data center networks

Emerging data-center network designs seek to provide physical topologies with high bandwidth, large bisection capacities, and many alternative data paths. Yet, existing protocols present a one-size-fits-all approach for forwarding packets. Traditionally, the routing process chooses one "best" route for each end-point pair. While some modern protocols support multiple paths through techniques like ECMP, each path continues to be selected using the same optimization metric. However, today's data centers host applications with a diverse universe of networking needs; a single-minded forwarding approach is likely to either let paths go unused, sacrificing reliability and performance, or make the entire network available to all applications, sacrificing needs such as isolation. This paper introduces topology switching to return control to individual applications for deciding best how to route data among their nodes. Topology switching formalizes the simultaneous use of multiple routing mechanisms in a data center, allowing applications to define multiple routing systems and deploy individualized routing tasks at small time scales. We introduce the topology switching abstraction and illustrate how it can provide both network efficiency and individual application performance, and admit flexible network management strategies.
A Fast-Switching Current-Pulse Driver for LED Dimming Control Circuits

In this paper, a fast-switching current-pulse driver for dimming controllers of light-emitting diode (LED) backlight applications is proposed. A pair of current switches, which is used for driving the LED string, employs an adaptive bias circuit for low-power dissipation. A differential pre-amp drives the large-size current switches to achieve fast current switching. The proposed current-pulse driver was fabricated in TSMC $\mathbf{0.25}-\mu \mathbf{m}$ 1P4M BCD high-voltage process. The measured rising time and falling time of the LED current are 120 ns and 12 ns, respectively, when the load is a 10-LED string.
Symptom Science: Advocating for Inclusion of Functional Genetic Polymorphisms:

Incorporating biologically based data into symptom science research can contribute substantially to understanding commonly experienced symptoms across chronic conditions. The purpose of this literature review was to identify functional polymorphisms associated with common symptoms (i.e., pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue, affective and cognitive symptoms) with the goal of identifying a parsimonious list of functional genetic polymorphisms with evidence to advocate for their inclusion in symptom science research. PubMed was searched to identify genes and functional polymorphisms associated with symptoms across chronic conditions, revealing eight functional genetic polymorphisms in seven different genes that showed evidence of association with at least three or more symptoms and/or symptom clusters: BDNF rs6265, COMT rs4680, FKBP5 rs3800373, IL-6 rs1800795, NFKB2 rs1056890, SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR+rs25531, and TNFA rs1799964 and rs1800629. Of these genes, three represent protein biomarkers previously identified as common data elements for symptom science research (BDNF, IL-6, and TNFA), and the polymorphisms in these genes identified through the search are known to impact secretion or level of transcription of these protein biomarkers. Inclusion of genotype data for polymorphisms offers great potential to further advance scientific knowledge of the biological basis of individual symptoms and symptom clusters across studies. Additionally, these polymorphisms have the potential to be used as targets to optimize precision health through the identification of individuals at risk for poor symptom experiences as well as the development of symptom management interventions.
Collisions on the Busy DNA Highway Set Up Barriers for Reprogramming.

Why most cells remain refractory to transcription factor (TF)-induced fate conversion remains largely mysterious, with the answers holding important instructions on how to effectively direct cell identities. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Babos et al. (2019) show that conflicts caused by simultaneous high transcription and high replication rates are to blame.
Colloidal Capsules Assembled from Gold Nanoparticles Using Small-Molecule Hydrophobic Cross-linkers.

Colloidal capsules (or colloidosomes) have been studied for various applications such as therapeutic agent encapsulation, photothermal therapy, imaging, and energy storage. Emulsion-based synthesis...
Pride in all Who Served: Development, Feasibility, and Initial Efficacy of a Health Education Group For LGBT Veterans

Many of the more than 1 million military veterans who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender (LGBT) have encountered “rejecting experiences in the military” and stigma from prior “D...
Why Are National Estimates So Different? A Comparison of Youth E-Cigarette Use and Cigarette Smoking in the MTF and PATH Surveys

Objective:We compared estimates of adolescents’ nicotine product use and perceptions of harm from two national surveys: Monitoring the Future (MTF) and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (...
Design-based learning for a sustainable future: student outcomes resulting from a biomimicry curriculum in an evolution course

National institutes and education initiatives emphasize the need to prepare future biologists to apply discoveries in science towards solving problems that are both social and scientific in nature. Research from socio-scientific, design-based, and problem-based learning demonstrates that contextualized, real-world tasks can improve students’ ability to apply their scientific knowledge in practical ways to navigate social problems. Biomimicry Design is an interdisciplinary field requiring biology and design skills; it informs the creation of sustainable designs through emulation of biological structures and functions that arise as a result of natural selection. Notably, engaging in biomimicry design targets an important biology and engineering learning outcome: understanding of how structure influences function. This study leveraged the practices of biomimicry along with those of design-based learning (DBL) to improve student outcomes in an evolutionary biology undergraduate course. Through DBL, the authors aimed to (1) ignite deeper understanding of how structure determines function in nature (a cross-disciplinary concept) and (2) help students to consider new ways this concept can benefit society (a science process skill). We randomly assigned two sections of an upper-division evolutionary biology course to either a biomimicry DBL (DBL group) or species comparison (comparison group) curricular design. Students in the course were exposed to a 1-day lesson, then 1-weeklong case study, and then a final project focused on either biomimicry species-to-human design comparisons (DBL condition) or species-to-species comparisons (comparison condition). To assess the targeted outcomes, we analyzed students’ responses from a pre-post assessment. Students in the biomimicry section were more likely to apply their biological structure–function knowledge to societal benefits when leaving the course. Students in both sections showed comparable gains in structure–function understanding, but there was no change in the number of students who used misconception language in their post-course compared to pre-course responses. We conclude that our DBL curriculum, above and beyond the comparison curriculum, may support students’ ability to apply biological concepts to societal benefits without compromising structure–function understanding. Overall, these results provide rationale for incorporating tasks situated in DBL to address socio-scientific issues in biology courses.
Development of a dinutuximab delivery system using silk foams for GD2 targeted neuroblastoma cell death.

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood and is associated with poor survival in high risk patients. Recently, dinutuximab (DNX) has emerged as an effective immunotherapy to treat patients with high risk neuroblastoma. DNX works through the induction of cell lysis via complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) or antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, one third of patients who undergo DNX treatment exhibit tumor relapse and the therapy is dose limited by side effects such as severe pain. To overcome delivery challenges of DNX, including large size and dose limiting side effects, we fabricated a delivery system capable of sustained local delivery of bioactive DNX utilizing silk fibroin. We evaluated the impact of silk properties (MW, crystallinity, and concentration) on release properties and confirmed the bioactivity of the release product. Additionally, we observed that the effectiveness of CDC induction by DNX could be correlated to the GD2 expression level of the target cells, with both the intravenous DNX formulation and the released DNX. Collectively, this data highlights a strategy to overcome delivery challenges and potentially improve therapeutic efficacy in cells expressing heterogenous levels of GD2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of a Gene Expression Profiling Assay in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma

A significant proportion of deaths from cutaneous melanoma occur among patients with an initial diagnosis of stage 1 or 2 disease. The Decision-Dx Melanoma (DDM) 31-gene assay attempts to stratify these patients by risk of recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate this assay in a large single-institution series. A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent surgery for melanoma at a large academic cancer center with DDM results was performed. Patient demographics, tumor pathologic characteristics, sentinel node status, gene expression profile (GEP) class, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were reviewed. The primary outcomes were recurrence of melanoma and distant metastatic recurrence. Data from 361 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 15 months. Sentinel node biopsy was performed for 75.9% (n = 274) of the patients, 53 (19.4%) of whom tested positive. Overall, 13.6% (n = 49) of the patients had recurrence, and 8% (n = 29) had distant metastatic recurrence. The 3- and 5-year RFS rates were respectively 85% and 75% for the class 1A group, 74% and 47% for the class 1B/class 2A group, and 54% and 45% for the class 2B group. Increased Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitoses, sentinel node biopsy positivity, and GEP class 2B status were significantly associated with RFS and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in the univariate analysis (all p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, only Breslow thickness and ulceration were associated with RFS (p < 0.003), and only Breslow thickness was associated with DMFS (p < 0.001). Genetic profiling of cutaneous melanoma can assist in predicting recurrence and help determine the need for close surveillance. However, traditional pathologic factors remain the strongest independent predictors of recurrence risk.
Complication Rates of Hemiarthroplasty Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background One of the most common surgical options for treatment of a femoral neck fracture is hemiarthroplasty (HA). However, progression of arthritis or pain can necessitate conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA). While conversion to a THA is a viable option, it does carry multiple risks. The purpose of this study was to identify whether performing conversion from HA to THA carries an increased risk of post-operative joint complications when compared to elective THA. Methods An administrative claims database was queried to identify patients who underwent conversion from a HA to a THA. Incidences of prosthetic dislocation, prosthetic joint infection (PJI), periprosthetic fracture, aseptic loosening, and revision were collected and compared to elective primary THA with multivariable logistic regression. Results Patients undergoing conversion THA had significantly higher risks of all joint complications examined at both 1 and 2 years after surgery. These included prosthetic dislocation (1-year: OR 2.95; 2 years: OR 3.77), PJI (1-year: OR 1.38; 2 years: OR 2.13), periprosthetic fracture (1-year: OR 2.95; 2 years: OR 3.75), aseptic loosening (1-year: OR 6.86; 2 years: OR 7.70), and revision (1-year: OR 3.65; 2 years: OR 6.73). Conclusion Performing conversion arthroplasty from HA to THA is associated with an increased risk of multiple joint complications in both the short and mid-term follow-up period. Surgeons should consider these complications when indicating HA for femoral neck fractures and elective conversion arthroplasty.
Design, Simulation, and Testing of an S-Band Coaxial Multipactor Test-Cell

In satellite communication systems, multipactor discharges have the potential to disrupt signal transmission and damage hardware. This paper discusses the design, simulation, and testing of a coaxial multipactor test-cell that will be operated at GHz frequencies. The experiment’s design has been guided by CST Particle Studio PIC simulations to predict multipactor breakdown. A number of diagnostic instruments will be used to detect and characterize the discharge. This experiment will ultimately be used to study the multipactor phenomenon and explore mitigation strategies.
Is Sport Sustainable?—It Depends!

Is sport sustainable? Could sport be sustainable? Is there hope? The short answer is: it depends. This article discusses the six most essential issues on which answers to the questions above depend. First, it depends on what we already know about sport and sustainability. Second, it depends on how we observe or define sport and sustainability, respectively. Third, it depends on the ontology and epistemology on which the definitions and theories are based. Fourth, it depends on how we describe and explain the relationships and dependencies between sport, society and the environment. Fifth, it depends on how historical and sociological theories describe and explain how societies and civilizations operate, develop and eventually collapse. Sixth, it depends on whether we believe is it possible to plan and steer the future. These conditions indicate that the questions are challenging to answer but not impossible. Based on sociological systems theory, the author concludes that sport will not be sustainable unless modernity changes into a different kind of society-a world society that operates and governs from the binary code of sustainable/unsustainable instead of today's statal code of power/powerless.
Principles of IMRT

Although the goals of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) are the same as those of conventional treatments (maximize dose to target structures while minimizing dose to nearby normal tissues), some significant differences are present in the treatment planning and delivery processes. Here, we describe these differences and introduce considerations related to beam configurations, treatment plan objectives, and alternative approaches. Also described are some aspects of quality assurance (QA) that are specific to IMRT implementation (e.g., commissioning, patient-specific QA, and process QA) and potential unanticipated consequences of IMRT that must be addressed if IMRT is to be successfully used in the clinic.
Folk Dancing in Sweden

(1931). Folk Dancing in Sweden. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 11-57.
A Tablet-Based Lego Mindstorms Programming Environment for Children

Tablets, such as the iPad and Kindle, provide a portable platform for children of all ages to explore various content through apps and interactive books. The use of gestures provides a means of interaction that is intuitive to children as a means of navigating apps or activating media-based content. The tablet as a programming platform is unique in that the gesture-based skills used in other apps are extrapolated and applied to computational thinking skills and interaction with a robot, which maneuvers based on the child’s creation. This paper describes the workflow and user interface design to facilitate Lego Mindstorms NXT programming by children.
Pancreatic fine‐needle aspiration cytology in patients < 35‐years of age: A retrospective review of 174 cases spanning a 17‐year period

Pancreatic lesions in young patients are relatively rare and, to our knowledge, the clinical value of pancreatic fine needle aspiration (FNA) in patients < 35 years of age has not been previously established by any other large retrospective studies. All pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) cases performed on patients < 35 years of age were identified for a 17-year period (1994-2010). All FNAs and all available correlating surgical pathology reports were reviewed. There were a total of 174 cases of pancreatic FNA performed on 109 females and 65 males under the age of 35 (range: 8-34, mean: 27 years). The FNA diagnoses included 37 malignant, 114 negative, nine atypia/suspicious, and 14 cases that were nondiagnostic. Of the 37 malignant FNA cases, the diagnoses included 18 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNeT), 11 solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN), five adenocarcinomas and three metastatic neoplasms. Histologic follow-up was available in 22 of the 37 malignant cases diagnosed by FNA, and the diagnosis was confirmed in 21 cases. One pancreatoblastoma was misclassified as SPN on EUS-FNA. False negative diagnoses were noted in three cases of low-grade mucinous cystic neoplasm and one case of PanNeT. The most common type of neoplasms diagnosed by EUS-FNA in patients < 35-year old is PanNeT, followed by SPN with both tumors accounting for 75% of all the neoplasms encountered in this age group. The sensitivity and specificity for positive cytology in EUS-FNA of the pancreas to identify malignancy and mucinous neoplasms were 90% and 100%, respectively. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:297-301. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discourses of Religion

Discourses of religion are forms of social interaction in which a connection to religion is foregrounded. This can be because the setting or particular features of the social interaction has a distinctively religious character. Four types of religious discourse are considered here: rituals, religious styles of speaking, religious language outside religious settings, and religion-linked public controversy. All types of religious discourse have the function of doing religious identity work, while it is also possible for social interaction itself to be sustained by religious membership. Keywords: conflict; identity; language and social interaction; public participation; religion
PRELIMINARY TEST OF THEORY OF GROUNDED CULTURE AND GANG DELINQUENCY

The idea of subculture as an explanation of delinquency has taken two different forks. One fork is reflected in the work of Albert Cohen (1955), Cloward and Ohlin (1960), and Walter Miller (1958). In this view, a delinquent subculture is a world view that essentially incorporates values in opposition to conventional (middle class) ones generating delinquent patterns of behavior. It is the oppositional nature of the values that leads to oppositional behavior in the form of, often non utilitarian, delinquent behavior. The other fork is that of the control theorists, most particularly, David Matza. For Matza ( 1964), a subculture of delinquency is not characterized by oppositional values but rather by conventional ones. The conventional values, though, have a particular twist due to subterranean convergence. The deviant traditions in the subculture provide a surplus of negations of the offense (in a neo-classical sense) that allow the subculture delinquent to maintain conventional values while at the same time behaving in a way that breaks the conventions in the form of delinquency.
Room air disinfection by ultraviolet irradiation of upper air. Air mixing and germicidal effectiveness.

Disinfection of air in lower part of a room by ultraviolet irradiation of upper air has been studied after artificial dissemination of test organisms (Serratia marcescens). On basis of disinfection rates in lower air with different intensities of UV in upper air, the rates at which organisms are killed in upper air and at which air mixes between upper and lower parts of the room were calculated. By performing studies under different conditions of air motion, it was possible to analyze factors affecting air mixing and upper-air disinfection. With no fans to increase air motion, a single 30-w UV tube increased the rate of disappearance of organisms from lower part of room by the equivalent of 61 air changes per hour (median value). With a large-bladed ceiling fan, the same UV tube almost doubled the rate of disappearance of organisms.
Model-Based search

I am interested in heuristic search and optimization, particularly algorithms that explicitly construct a model of the search space and attempt rational action with respect to this abstract model.
The hope-reality gap: rural community officials’ perceptions of unconventional shale development as a means to increase local population and revitalize resource extraction

Here, we examine the perceptions of unconventional shale development held by city and county officials in the New Albany shale play in Southern Illinois and Northwest Kentucky. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 officials before development occurred. Twelve supported introducing shale development to their communities, four were opposed, and two were undecided. Many view it as a way to overcome an economic vulnerability of their areas, population decline, by boosting the local population. Several also believe shale development will strengthen their communities’ economic specialization and social identity related to resource extraction. Although leaders held high hopes for it, most of their communities’ economic vulnerabilities are structural and likely cannot be improved by introducing shale development. This gap between hope and reality suggests that many community officials will be disappointed with major development projects – many of which are portrayed as economic boons – as they often ca...
Dalbavancin: a novel antimicrobial

The increasing incidence of serious infections because of Gram-positive pathogens and the rising cost in parenteral administration of antimicrobials has inspired the development of a novel antibiotic. Dalbavancin is the first once a week antibiotic with activity against a broad range of Gram-positive pathogens. A large multicentre, pivotal, Phase III clinical trial, which included 854 patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections, compared 1-2 doses of dalbavancin vs. linezolid. The results demonstrated non-inferiority and a comparable safety profile. With its unique pharmacokinetic profile, ease of use and excellent safety profile, dalbavancin should provide a valuable addition to the armamentarium used to treat infections because of Gram-positive cocci.
Phenomenological study of enthalpy relaxation of amorphous glucose, fructose, and their mixture

Abstract Enthalpy relaxation of glucose, fructose, and their mixtures (75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 glucose/fructose) has been investigated in terms of the Tool–Narayanaswamy–Monihan (TNM) and the Adam–Gibbs model parameters using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. The apparent activation energy was evaluated from the cooling rate dependence of the limiting fictive temperature and was found to decrease as the fructose content increased. The non-linear parameter x and the exponential parameter β obtained from the TNM model was found to be the same as those obtained from the Adam–Gibbs model within their standard deviations. The value of parameter x increased from 0.50 in glucose to 0.75 in fructose, while parameter β decreased from 0.64 in pure glucose to 0.50 in the 50% fructose mixture and remained at about 0.50 for the mixtures with over 50% fructose content. The parameter x which reflects the relative contributions of the temperature and structure dependence of the relaxation times was also evaluated using the peak-shift method. The values of parameter x obtained from the peak-shift method for all sugars were found in general to be higher than those obtained from curve fitting to the TNM and the Adam–Gibbs models. The fragility of the sugars was also evaluated using the enthalpy relaxation data. The addition of fructose to the glucose–fructose system produced “stronger” liquids, and less non-linear behavior.
Characterization of the mouse type X collagen gene.

Abstract Type X collagen, a homotrimer of α1(X) polypeptide chains, is specifically expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes in regions of cartilage undergoing endochondral ossification. We have previously characterized a genomic clone containing the major part of the mouse type X collagen gene (col10a1) and assigned the locus for co110al to mouse chromosome 10 (Apte et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 224: 217–224, 1992). In this paper, through additional characterization of cDNA and genomic clones, we describe the complete organization of the col10a1 gene. The col10a1 gene is 7.2 kb in size and, as in the chick, col10a1 gene transcripts are generated from only three exons. Exon 1 encodes only the 5′ untranslated (5′ UT) region of the mRNA and is separated from exon 2 by an intron 562 by in length. Exon 2 (169 bp) encodes 15 by of 5′ UT message, the translation start plus 17-amino acid residues of the putative signal peptide, and 33 1/3 codons of the putative N-terminal non-collagenous (NC2) domain of type X collagen. Exon 3 is 2854 by in size and encodes 4 2/3 codons of the NC2 domain, the entire collagenous domain of 463 residues (COL), the entire C-terminal non-collagenous (NC1) domain (161 amino acid residues) and the entire 965 by 3′ untranslated (3′ UT) sequence of the mRNA. Two TATA boxes are present in tandem in the col10a1 promotor. Both TATA boxes are active in transcription, generating two populations of transcripts with different 5′-termini; the longer transcript is of low abundance and is detectable only by PCR in newborn mice. The col10a1 promotor contains a CCAAT box as well as other consensus sequence elements required for binding of potential transcription factors. Characterization of the col10a1 gene provides data essential for studies of the regulation of type X collagen expression during mammalian endochondral bone growth and development. Knowledge of the complete structure of the mouse typeX collagen gene will also be useful for the investigation of type X collagen gene abnormalities in murine chondrodysplasias and for the generation of transgenic mice.
Nitro-L-arginine augments the endothelin-1 content of cerebrospinal fluid induced by cerebral ischemia

The effect of nitro-L-arginine (NLA), inhibitor of NO synthase, on ET-1 content in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on the vascular system was investigated in global ischemia/reperfusion of Mongolian gerbils. The results indicate that NLA induced a prolonged (2-3-fold) increase of ET-1 concentration above that seen in the CSF of untreated animals during ischemia/reperfusion. Both the transient and prolonged rise of ET-1 content observed in the CSF coincided with the reduction in the cerebral blood flow seen in untreated and NLA-treated gerbils, respectively, at the time of reperfusion.
Short-term Treatment of RAW264.7 Macrophages with Adiponectin Increases Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Expression via ERK1/2 Activation and Egr-1 Expression ROLE OF TNF-α IN ADIPONECTIN-STIMULATED INTERLEUKIN-10 PRODUCTION

Adiponectin is an adipokine with potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms by which adiponectin suppresses macrophage function are not well understood. Treatment of RAW264.7 macrophages with adiponectin for 18 h decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production. Here we demonstrate that globular adiponectin (gAcrp) initially increased TNF-α expression in RAW264.7 macrophages; this TNF-α then contributed to increased expression of interleukin-10, which in turn was required for the development of tolerance to subsequent LPS exposure. gAcrp-mediated increases in TNF-α mRNA accumulation were associated with increased TNF-α promoter activity. gAcrp increased the DNA binding activity of both Egr-1 and NFκB; mutation of either the Egr-1 or NFκB binding sites in the TNF-α promoter decreased gAcrp-stimulated promoter activity. Further, co-transfection with either dominant negative Egr-1 or the IκB super-repressor prevented gAcrp-stimulated TNF-α promoter activity. gAcrp also increased Egr-1 promoter activity, mRNA accumulation, and DNA binding activity. Inhibition of ERK1/2 with U0126 potently suppressed gAcrp-stimulated Egr-1 promoter activity, as well as TNF-α promoter activity. In summary, these data demonstrate that adiponectin initially increases TNF-α production by macrophages via ERK1/2→Egr-1 and NFκB-dependent mechanisms; these increases in TNF-α in turn lead to increased expression of interleukin-10 and an eventual dampening of LPS-mediated cytokine production in macrophages.
Probabilistic micromechanical model of creep-rupture in filamentary composites

Abstract A model which accounts for the effect of interacting micromechanical damage mechanisms on the creeprupture process in filamentary composites is developed. Long-term results are extrapolated from short-term data by characterizing the progression of fundamental damage mechanisms. The dominant damage mechanisms considered in the model are the random creep-rupture of fibers and creep-debonding at the matrix/interface. The model predicts the scatter in the creep-rupture times of Kevlar/epoxy strands as well as the ‘accelerating’ failure rate observed in long-term tests. A parametric study of creep-rupture in carbon/ epoxy composites is also presented.
Hereditary Factors in Atrial Septal Defect

One hundred families ascertained through a proband's having atrial septal defect (ostium secundum) were studied. Selection of certain pedigrees from the overall data could lead to the conclusion that atrial septal defect is inherited as a Mendelian dominant or a Mendelian recessive, depending on the pedigrees selected. Analysis of the overall data from this study and from the literature suggests multifactorial inheritance of atrial septal defect as the explanation most consistent with available observations. The distinction between inheritance of a defect through single factor or multifactorial modes is of more than academic interest. From the point of view of genetic counseling, the risk to the newborn is not fixed in multifactorial inheritance but increases with the number of affected relatives. From the point of view of prevention, environmental hazards such as drugs and illnesses may play an important role in the production of defects showing multifactorial inheritance.
Sociological Perspectives of School-University Partnerships: Contextual Learning through Three Lenses

Music teaching and learning are socially situated activities. School-university partnerships have the potential to impact preservice teachers’ identities and level of socialization. Thus, a sociologically based belief system for establishing and maintaining school-university partnerships may provide cooperating teachers and university faculty members with purpose and direction for meeting the needs of stakeholders. This article explores the sociological and pedagogical implications of school-university partnerships and illustrates how these underpinnings function in two middle school band collaborations. Specifically, this article examines how partnerships can be viewed through three sociological perspectives, how sociological experiences might impact preservice teachers’ futures, and how policymaking endeavors could impact the strength and continuance of school-university partnerships. What we learn from existing collaborations and how stakeholders respond to this information has the potential to reshape...
A dosimetric comparison of proton and photon therapy in unresectable cancers of the head of pancreas

Purpose: Uncontrolled local growth is the cause of death in ∼30% of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancers. The addition of standard-dose radiotherapy to gemcitabine has been shown to confer a modest survival benefit in this population. Radiation dose escalation with three-dimensional planning is not feasible, but high-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been shown to improve local control. Still, dose-escalation remains limited by gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, the authors investigate the potential use of double scattering (DS) and pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy in limiting dose to critical organs at risk. Methods: The authors compared DS, PBS, and IMRT plans in 13 patients with unresectable cancer of the pancreatic head, paying particular attention to duodenum, small intestine, stomach, liver, kidney, and cord constraints in addition to target volume coverage. All plans were calculated to 5500 cGy in 25 fractions with equivalent constraints and normalized to prescription dose. All statistics were by two-tailed paired t-test. Results: Both DS and PBS decreased stomach, duodenum, and small bowel dose in low-dose regions compared to IMRT (p < 0.01). However, protons yielded increased doses in the mid to high dose regions (e.g., 23.6–53.8 and 34.9–52.4 Gy for duodenum using DS and PBS, respectively; p < 0.05). Protons also increased generalized equivalent uniform dose to duodenum and stomach, however these differences were small (<5% and 10%, respectively; p < 0.01). Doses to other organs-at-risk were within institutional constraints and placed no obvious limitations on treatment planning. Conclusions: Proton therapy does not appear to reduce OAR volumes receiving high dose. Protons are able to reduce the treated volume receiving low-intermediate doses, however the clinical significance of this remains to be determined in future investigations.
Analog Circuit and Layout Synthesis Revisited

In the first decade of the twenty first century, the first generation of analog synthesis tools - for circuit sizing and optimization and for physical design - moved from academic research projects, to startups, to integration on various standard platforms. In addition, we began to see some concerted efforts to formulate the verification problem in formal terms, albeit on rather simplified version of designs. In this invited talk I will try to summarize what we got right in that first generation effort, but also, what we got wrong. The "right" part is the idea that all design is optimization: continuous, combinatorial, geometric, etc. Formulating tough analog circuit and layout problems as the "right" optimization problem(s) got us the first generation of tools that did anything right. The "wrong" part was an incomplete appreciation of the importance of designer use models - how real people do real designs in this business. Closing that gap is one remaining challenge. Another is the leap to non-planar end-of-roadmap CMOS technologies, where lithographic and manufacturability concerns combine to create some difficult problems, and new opportunities for tool innovation.This talk will revisit and extend some elements of an earlier ISPD invited talk [1], and a recent talk at the 2011 CAV Frontiers in Analog Circuit(s) (FAC) workshop [2], and also introduce some new problems related to end-of-roadmap analog.
REPETITIVE TMS COMBINED WITH EXPOSURE THERAPY FOR PTSD: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Treatment for anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) includes exposure therapy and medications, but some patients are refractory. Few studies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for anxiety or PTSD exist. In this preliminary report, rTMS was combined with exposure therapy for PTSD. Nine subjects with chronic, treatment-refractory PTSD were studied in a placebo controlled, cross-over design of imaginal exposure therapy with rTMS (1Hz) versus sham. PTSD symptoms, serum and twenty-four hour urine were obtained and analyzed. Effect sizes for PTSD symptoms were determined using Cohen’s d. Active rTMS showed a larger effect size of improvement for hyperarousal symptoms compared to sham; 24-hour urinary norepinephrine and serum T4 increased; serum prolactin decreased. Active rTMS with exposure may have symptomatic and physiological effects. Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and verify whether rTMS plus exposure therapy has a role in the treatment of PTSD.
Developing Children's Self-Efficacy and Skills: The Roles of Social Comparative Information and Goal Setting

How social comparative information and specific, proximal goals influence children's skillful performance and percepts of self-efficacy in the context of arithmetic competency development was explored. Low-achieving children in arithmetic received instruction in division and practice opportunities. One group was provided with social comparative information indicating the average number of problems solved by other children. A second group worked under conditions involving a goal of completing a given number of problems. A third group received both treatments, and a fourth group received neither treatment. Results yielded a significant main effect on perceived efficacy due to proximal goals. Children who received both goals and comparative information demonstrated the highest level of division skill. Results suggest exploring in greater detail how children weight and combine multiple sources of efficacy information.
Human Endometrial Expression of Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor (G‐CSF) and Its Receptor, Stimulation of Endometrial G‐CSF Production by Interleukin‐1β, and G‐CSF Inhibition of Choriocarcinoma Cell Proliferation

PROBLEM : To investigate the expression, regulation thereof, and actions of human endometrial granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). METHODS : Endometrial expression of messenger ribonucleic acids for G-CSF and its receptor were studied using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In tissue culture, endometrial G-CSF protein production, baseline and in response to interleukin-1β, was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay of the conditioned media. G-CSF effects on proliferation of three choriocarcinoma cell lines were determined. RESULTS : In vivo, human endometrium expressed messenger ribonucleic acids for G-CSF and its receptor throughout the menstrual cycle, and endometrium expressed G-CSF protein in vitro. Interleukin-1β stimulated endometrial G-CSF protein production in time and dose dependent manners. G-CSF inhibited proliferation of two choriocarcinoma cell lines. CONCLUSIONS : These results suggest that 1) G-CSF may have physiologic roles in the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle ; 2) endometrial G-CSF protein production is stimulated by interleukin-1β ; and 3) that G-CSF may, in part, mediate local actions of interleukin-1β and modulate trophoblast proliferation.
ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry employing data-dependent external ion selection and accumulation.

Data-dependent external m/z selection and accumulation of ions is demonstrated in use with ESI-FTICR instrumentation, with two different methods for ion selection being explored. One method uses RF/DC quadrupole filtering and is described in use with an 11.5 tesla (T) FTICR instrument, while the second method employs RF-only resonance dipolar excitation selection and is described in use with a 3.5 T FTICR instrument. In both methods ions are data-dependently selected on the fly in a linear quadrupole ion guide, then accumulated in a second linear RF-only quadrupole trap that immediately follows. A major benefit of ion preselection prior to external accumulation is the enhancement of ion populations for low-level species. This development is expected to expand the dynamic range and sensitivity of FTICR for applications including analysis of complex polypeptide mixtures (e.g., proteomics).