cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Threshold and the consultation process

Here I had the opportunity to take part in the Acoustical Society of America’s (ASA) Summer Undergraduate Research or Internship Experience in Acoustics (SURIEA) Program. The program was designed for underrepresented minority groups in order to introduce them to the field of acoustics. After a two-week crash course I was able to experience what it was like working in an architectural acoustic consultation firm, and learn the extensive consultation process at Threshold. Not only that, but learning some of the programs, the methodology, skills, and purpose of Threshold as well. The impact of the program has certainly opened my eyes to the field of architectural acoustics, and how much work has to go into a project for the best possible outcome. In essence, I found the experience to be one of the most impact I had in my life.
Organization-based analysis of web-object sharing and caching

Performance-enhancing mechanisms in the World Wide Web primarily exploit repeated requests to Web documents by multiple clients. However, little is known about patterns of shared document access, particularly from diverse client populations. The principal goal of this paper is to examine the sharing of Web documents from an organizational point of view. An organizational analysis of sharing is important, because caching is often performed on an organizational basis; i.e., proxies are typically placed in front of large and small companies, universities, departments, and so on. Unfortunately, simultaneous multi-organizational traces do not currently exist and are difficult to obtain in practice. The goal of this paper is to explore the extent of document sharing (1) among clients within single organizations, and (2) among clients across different organizations. To perform the study, we use a large university as a model of a diverse collection of organizations. Within our university, we have traced all external Web requests and responses, anonymizing the data but preserving organizational membership information. This permits us to analyze both inter-and intra-organization document sharing and to test whether organization membership is significant. As well, we characterize a number of parameters of our data, including basic object characteristics, object cacheability, and server distributions.
Postcourse Evaluations of WebCT (Web Course Tools) Classes by Social Work Students

ObjectiveTechnology-enhanced education is becoming an increasingly important part of higher and professional education. Web-based course management tools such as WebCT (Web Course Tools) are the la...
ROLE OF HOUSE DUST MITES IN KAWASAKI SYNDROME (KS)

From January 1983 through August 1983, 18 children were identified with KS in Denver, CO. An epidemiologic questionnaire was administered to 14 families and to 10 "best friend" controls at a mean of 27 days after onset of illness (range 3-60 days). 39 samples of vacuumed house dust from homes frequented by 11 cases and 21 samples from 7 control homes were examined for mites using sieve filtration. IgG antibody to 2 species of mite was measured by ELIZA in convalescent sera from 12 patients and 10 similarly aged hospitalized controls. 8 of 14 KS patients reported an exposure to freshly cleaned rugs in the month prior to onset of KS. 6 of the 8 patients were exposed in locations outside of the home. 2 of 10 controls recalled carpet cleaning within their home in the previous 30 days and none reported exposure outside the home. There was no difference between cases and controls with regard to other housecleaning practices, pets, home humidification or air conditioning. Mite analysis revealed that 2 of 39 KS samples had mites in low concentrations (1/.05 gms) compared to 1 of 21 control samples. Mean anti-mite Ab was .196 and .212 in KS patients compared to .218 and .269 in controls for the two mite species tested. Although this study supports an association between exposure to cleaned carpets and KS, we were unable to demonstrate any correlation with mite exposure and KS. 82% of patients with KS in Denver had no mites demonstrable in homes which they frequented prior to illness.
A Comment on General Formulae for Polarization Observables in Deuteron Electrodisintegration and Linear Relations

We establish a simple, explicit relation between the formalisms employed in the treatments of polarization observables in deuteron two-body electrodisintegration published by Arenh\"ovel, Leidemann, and Tomusiak in Few-Body Systems {\bf 15}, 109 (1993) and the results of the present authors published in Phys.~Rev.~C {\bf 40}, 2479 (1989). We comment on the overlap between the two sets of results.
Innovative session: early childhood robotics for learning

Robotics is a powerful learning manipulative for young children (four through seven years) as it enables the early introduction of engineering and programming. This session begins with a theoretical introduction to the robotic technology of programmable LEGO® bricks and its relationship to developmentally appropriate practice. This will be followed by an interactive poster and demonstration session where participants can learn about and discuss different research projects using robotics in early childhood education, including: fostering interactions between parents and children; promoting problem-solving skills; engaging teachers with different teaching styles; innovative partnerships between pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, and engineers; innovative curriculum projects using this technology; and the use of robotics with special needs students. A table with LEGO bricks and computers with ROBOLAB™ software will be available so participants can explore the materials in a hands-on workshop environment. After the presentations, the session organizer will lead an open discussion.
An 8×10-Gb/s source-synchronous I/O system based on high-density silicon carrier interconnects

A serial I/O chip set in 45nm SOI CMOS is mounted via 50µm pitch micro-C4 bumps to a silicon carrier and communicates over ultra-dense interconnects with pitches of between 8µm and 22µm. With DFE-IIR RX equalization, data is received over distances up to 6cm with channel losses as high as 16.3dB. The energy efficiency is better than 6.1pJ/bit.
Intestinal Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Is it still the Gold Standard?

Pathology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). The pathologist’s role is to confirm the diagnosis of cd; to exclude other diseases that share morphologic features with cd and to diagnose complications in patients with CD. Therefore, the significance of the small bowel biopsy includes confirming the diagnosis but also reassuring the clinician that other etiologies are excluded. Some of these diseases share many similarities with cd, such as villous atrophy and intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and the small bowel biopsy helps with this distinction. The use of standarized pathology reporting including the appropriate classification system is highly recommended in order to facilitate the interpretation of the pathology report and the communication between pathologists and clinicians. Despite the need for a small bowel biopsy in the initial work up of CD, some patients and particularly children, may be spared a small bowel biopsy if certain clinical and laboratory findings are present in order to confirm the diagnosis without a biopsy.It is important to emphasize that the pathologic findings need to be correlated with the clinical, endoscopic and serologic findings in all the patients suspected of CD.
Multiproxy evidence from caves of Native Americans altering the overlying landscape during the late Holocene of east-central North America.

We compare environmental changes recorded in stalagmites and alluvium from the mountainous Buckeye Creek basin of West Virginia, USA to a nearby, independent archaeological record of Native American presences in the forested watershed. A climatic record constructed from stable isotopic (δ18O calc and δ13Ccalc) and trace metal (Sr/Ca) ratios in stalagmitic calcite is consistent with regional palynology during much of the Holocene. The stalagmite δ13Ccalc and Sr/Ca values track aridity associated with North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) ice-rafting events during solar minima. However, the δ13Ccalc record diverges sharply from the Sr/Ca record at ~2100 (calendar) years BP, which maintains the same relationship with ice rafting in the NAO. A dramatic and sustained enrichment in δ13Ccalc values (>1‰) without a corresponding shift in Sr/Ca values, suggests a systemic change in above-cave vegetation and soil carbon. This hypothesis is corroborated by a record of the stable isotopic composition of bulk organic carbon (δ 1...
A cryogenic trap/porous polymer sampling technique for the quantitative determination of ambient volatile organic compound concentrations

Abstract A technique is described for concentrating atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to permit their quantitative determination. The technique relies on cryogenic trapping followed by volatilization of the sample components and subsequent transfer to a Tenax tube cartridge assembly. This technique was evaluated using standard samples and by sampling and analysis for selected hydrocarbons (chloroethane, chlorobenzene, tetrachloroethylene, benzene and toluene) in Philadelphia, PA, and San Jose, CA. The results are compared with those obtained using a cryogenic concentration technique with on-site chromatographic analysis. On the average, these two techniques agreed to ± 40% , for benzene, toluene and tetrachloroethylene concentrations ranging from ~ 1–30 ppb (for similar sampling times). The technique for this data set is shown to have a detection limit of ~ 10–20 ppt (using GC/MS analysis), an estimated accuracy and precision of ± 20% and 15%, respectively, and is shown to circumvent many of the disadvantages associated with using cryogenic or porous polymer concentration techniques alone. The technique should be applicable to determinations of VOCs having a wide range of volatilities.
Substituents effects in phospha alkynes: A computational investigation

Ab initio self-consistent field (SCF) molecular orbital calculations were carried out at the MP2/4-31G * level to determine the effect of substituent groups, -F, -NH 2 , -OH, -CH 3 , CH 2 =CH-, and H-C≡C-on the C≡P triple bond. Although there are considerable differences between the electronegativities of these substituent groups, a characteristic feature found in phospha alkyne derivatives is the weak sensitivity of the C≡P bond lenght to the substituent at the carbon atom
Local faces, global flows: The role of land use and land cover in global environmental change

The emergence of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) as one of the major themes within the global environmental change research community poses a series of difficult but not insurmountable problems. LUCC takes place incrementally through the operation of sets of human and biophysical forces largely specific to the locale in question, but cumulatively LUCC contributes significantly to global environmental change. Linking LUCC to global change requires the cooperation of the natural and social sciences to bridge the local to global dynamics involved. The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Programme are undertaking the development of an international research project with such aims in mind. This project seeks to improve understanding of LUCC dynamics by balancing the need for a nuanced understanding at the local level with the need from improved regional and global LUCC models. The rudiments of this effort and some of problems confronting it are outlined here.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the toxin coregulated pilus (TCP) of Vibrio cholerae that protect against experimental cholera in infant mice

Abstract Six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against purified TCP (toxin coregulated pilus) of classical V. cholerae strain 0395 were developed and characterized. All of these MAbs recognized the major pilin subunit (TcpA) by western immunoblot. In the infant mouse experimental cholera model, only two of the MAbs (169·1 and 16·1) were shown to be protective although all six recognized TCP quaternary structure as determined by ELISA or immunoelectron microscopy. The results suggest that potentially protective epitopes can be identified in the TCP structure, specifically within TcpA, and that neutralization of the corresponding functional domains is sufficient to provide protection from cholera.
An Authoritative Voice: Jane Addams and the Oratorical Tradition

Oratory, the act of speaking in public on civic matters, remained a male prerogative in the United States until the 1830s, when increasing numbers of women began ignoring the taboo and established a female oratorical tradition. This essay outlines how American women claimed the authority to speak and then developed their tradition, which was a social reform in itself, over three generations. It then examines how the youthful Jane Addams, a member of the third generation who became a social reformer, gained her education as an orator and struggled in new ways with society’s continuing doubts about women's civic authority.
Effect of surface quality on transmission performance for (111) CaF2

Abstract With the advent of 193 nm optical lithography, calcium fluoride (CaF2) has become the material of choice for excimer laser components and for chromatic aberration correction of stepper lens systems. Paralleling the need to maximize transmission performance is the challenge of processing CaF2 to surface qualities equal to if not superior than for conventional fused silica optics. In this report, (111) calcium fluoride crystals were processed to two different surface qualities and tested for transmittance from 185 to 400 nm. Results show that surface quality in terms of mid- and high-spatial frequency roughness and subsurface damage strongly affect transmittance with a greater increase in transmittance with improved surface quality at lower wavelengths. Specifically for 193 nm, transmittance increased from 90.30% for a 1.4 nm RMS surface to 91.98% for a 0.8 nm RMS surface (Δ=1.68%).
What's in a name? A study of family therapists' use and acceptance of the feminist perspective Feminism and MFT

Abstract Although the field of family therapy has largely embraced the notions of feminism, many family therapists seem reluctant to call themselves feminists. Nevertheless, questioning the impact of the social context of gender roles on relationships seems relatively commonplace in most family therapists' practice. The present exploratory study investigated whether American Association for Marital and Family Therapy (AAMFT) members work from a feminist perspective, and whether those who work from a feminist perspective would identify themselves or their work as feminist. A convenience sample of AAMFT members (clinical, associate, affiliate, and student) responded to a self-report survey. Results indicated that there is a small but significant difference in feminist behaviors in therapy between respondents who identified with a feminist theoretical orientation and those who did not. Despite this difference, all respondents generally had high scores on the feminist therapy scale scores. Results indicate th...
RNA-mediated signaling in transcription

Structures of phage transcriptional antitermination complexes define novel motifs for recognition of RNA hairpins by arginine-rich peptides. A bent alpha-helix in each case follows the contour of an induced GNRA-like fold. A phage-specific pattern of base pairing, base stacking and base flipping underlies biological specificity and permits engagement with RNA polymerase. The structures suggest a mechanism of RNA-mediated signaling in transcriptional regulation.
Diffusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles in agarose gels.

Abstract The gradient diffusion of ionic sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles in agarose gel was investigated at moderate concentrations above the CMC. Of particular interest were the effects of micelle, gel, and sodium chloride concentration on the micelle diffusivity. Holographic interferometry was used to measure the gradient diffusion coefficient at three sodium chloride concentrations (0, 0.03, 0.10 M), three gel concentrations (0, 1, 2 wt%), and several surfactant concentrations. Time-resolved fluorescence quenching was used to measure aggregation numbers both in solution and gel. The micelle diffusivity increased linearly with surfactant concentration at the two larger sodium chloride concentrations and all gel concentrations. In general, the strength of this effect increased with decreasing sodium chloride concentration and increased with gel concentration. This behavior is evidence of decreasing micelle–micelle electrostatic interactions with increasing sodium chloride concentrations, and increasing excluded volume effects and hydrodynamic screening with increasing gel concentration, respectively. The only exception was at 0.1 M sodium chloride and 2 wt% agarose, which showed a slight reduction in the slope compared to 1 wt% agarose. It was found that the concentration effect is quite strong for charged solutes: at a NaCl concentration of 0.03 M in a 2% agarose gel, in a solution with 3% SDS micelles by volume, the micelle diffusion coefficient is doubled relative to its value in the same gel at infinite dilution. The extrapolated, infinite-dilution diffusion coefficients and the rate at which the micelle diffusivity increased with surfactant concentration were compared with predictions of previously published theories in which the micelles are treated as charged, colloidal spheres and the gel as a Brinkman medium. The experimental data and theoretical predictions were in good agreement.
The Influence of Caregiving and Employment on the Voluntary Activities of Midlife and Older Women

One factor thought to contribute to higher levels of stress among caregivers is the restriction on personal time and leisure activities that they feel. We use data from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) to examine the influences that caregiving, the relationship of the care-recipient with the caregiver, and the intensity of the caregiving have on women's participation in personal, family-centered, and community activities. We find that care-giving regardless of age, does not reduce the frequency of participation in voluntary activities. In fact, among younger women, some types of caregiving are associated with significantly higher levels of participation. Based on our results, we conclude that caregiving does not necessarily result in a "loss of self." Caregivers may be using outside activities as a way to relieve the stress of the caregiving tasks; caregivers may be particularly adept at balancing roles, or most caregiving may not be at a level of intensity sufficient to interfere with other activities.
Ecological Dynamics of Mutualist/Antagonist Communities

Abstract: One approach to understanding how mutualisms function in community settings is to model well‐studied pairwise interactions in the presence of the few species with which they interact most strongly. In nature, such species are often specialized antagonists of one or both mutualists. Hence, these models can also shed light on the problem of when and how mutualisms are able to persist in the face of exploitation. We used spatial stochastic simulations to model the ecological dynamics of obligate, species‐specific mutualisms between plants and pollinating seed parasite insects (e.g., yuccas and yucca moths) in the presence of one of two obligate antagonist species: flower‐feeding insects (florivores) or insects that parasitize seeds but fail to pollinate (exploiters). Our results suggest that mutualisms can persist surprisingly well in the presence of highly specialized antagonists but that they exhibit distinctly different temporal and spatial dynamics when antagonists are present. In our models, a...
Spontaneous recovery from the effects of flooding (exposure) in animals.

Abstract The conditioning phenomenon of spontaneous recovery is reviewed in the context of flooding (exposure, response prevention). Two examples of complete spontaneous recovery of animal avoidance behaviour following previous treatment with flooding are described. Implications for the treatment of human phobias via flooding are discussed along with possible strategies to avert spontaneous recovery of avoidance behaviour.
Functional Characterization of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/RET Chimera

The RET (recombined in transfection) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase homolog involved in innervation of the gut and renal development. A chimeric epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/RET receptor was constructed which contained the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the EGF receptor fused to the intracellular domain of RET. This construct was expressed in NIH 3T3 cells, and the functional properties of the receptor were characterized and compared with those of the wild type EGF receptor. Whereas the EGF receptor exhibited both high and low affinity binding sites for 125I-EGF, the EGFR/RET chimera exhibited only low affinity binding of 125I-EGF. The chimera was able to internalize EGF more rapidly than the wild type EGF receptor and recycled to the cell surface at twice the rate of the EGF receptor. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that EGF stimulated the degradation of the wild type EGF receptor but had no effect on the rate of degradation of the EGFR/RET receptor. The combination of increased recycling and decreased degradation resulted in the relatively inefficient down-regulation of the EGFR/RET chimera. Incubation of cells expressing the wild type EGF receptor with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate led to a reduction in 125I-EGF binding and a loss in EGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. However, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment had only a limited effect on EGF binding and EGF-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity in cells expressing EGFR/RET chimeras. These findings suggest that the ret tyrosine kinase is not regulated by many of the common mechanisms used to terminate signaling via growth factor receptors. Such persistent activation of the Ret tyrosine kinase may be relevant to the physiological function of Ret in cells that normally express this growth factor receptor.
Mechanisms of GaAs growth using tertiarybutylarsine and trimethylgallium

Tertiarybutylarsine (TBAs) is one of the most promising novel group V sources for organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) of GaAs. The mechanisms of the reactions between TBAs and trimethylgallium (TMGa) were studied in a D2 flow reactor using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to analyze the products. TBAs decomposition kinetics are not strongly affected by TMGa, but TBAs alters completely the decomposition pathways of TMGa. The three reactions for TMGa removal are: 1. TMGa(ads) + TBAs(ads) → C4H8 + products , (1) 2. TMGa + AsH3 → 3 CH4 + GaAs , (2) 3. TMGa(ads) + 3 AsH(ads) → 3 CH4 + GaAs + As2 . (3) The AsH3 and AsH are products of independent TBAs pyrolysis. Reaction (3) is the most important. Another minor reaction proceeds via the formation of gas-phase adducts between TMGa and TBAs. In addition to the experimental data, a numerical model was developed for the system which permits calculation of the rate constants for the reactions. The Arrhenius parameters for the mechanism are given. The results provide insight into the OMVPE process in general.
Comparative Field Evaluation of Biodiesel Impact on Hot Stabilized Emissions from School Buses

This study investigated the impact of biodiesel (B20: 20% biodiesel, 80% conventional diesel), cruise speed, and average acceleration rates on emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) from diesel school buses. Two drive cycles were developed on the basis of the rural and urban drive cycle data collected with Global Positioning System technology. Five buses were selected according to the current model year mix in Texas and were driven following the developed drive cycles for three different fuels (TxLED, B20 market blend, and B20 all soy). The emission data were collected by using a portable emission measurement system. The data were aggregated to represent the current Texas school bus fleet mix and rural versus urban miles driven. The results of statistical analysis showed that use of B20 had no significant effect on the level of NOx and CO2 emissions by the school buses. However, it was found that the biodiesel resulted in a significant decr...
Changing the focus on volunteering: an investigation of volunteers’ multiple contributions to a charitable organization

Despite the fact that over half of the people in the US volunteer each year, there is little theoretical or empirical understanding of volunteer performance. In response, this study examined executive-level volunteers’ multiple contributions of personal resources to a national health care advocacy organization. We expected higher contributions when demands from volunteer roles do not exceed desired levels of contribution, interaction with other volunteers is higher, role investments are higher, and motives to join are consistent with organization’s mission. Regression analyses supported the relation of contributions to social interaction, role investments, and volunteer motives. Suggestions for enhancing the level of volunteer contributions to the organization are made.
Prostate cancer in Rochester, Minnesota (USA), from 1935 to 1989: increases in incidence related to more complete ascertainment.

Prostate cancer incidence among White men in the United States climbed steadily from 45 per 105 person-years (PY) during 1945–54 to 102 per 105 PYs in 1988. To determine whether this increase might be the result of changing diagnostic practices, we examined trends in incidence and method of diagnosis in Rochester, Minnesota (US), from 1935 to 1989. We found a parallel increase in Rochester in non-autopsy diagnoses from 44 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=29–58) cases per 105 PYs in 1935–44 to 71 (CI=52–89) cases per 105 PYs in 1985–87 which was driven by diagnoses prompted by digital rectal examination. There was no evidence that an increasing proportion of cases was found as the result of procedures to treat the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Including autopsy diagnoses, incidence was stable over this extended interval and was 77 per 105 PYs (CI=58–97) in 1935–44 and 72 per 105 PYs (CI=53–91) in 1985–87. Incidence more than doubled after introduction of diagnostic serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay and was 179 per 105 PYs (CI=145–214) in 1988–89. We conclude that prostate-cancer incidence rates are influenced strongly by diagnostic practices and that national increases could reflect, to a large extent, more complete and earlier ascertainment rather than more frequent disease.
Finding the Findings in Qualitative Studies

Purpose: To describe the challenges of finding the findings in qualitative studies. Method: Review of literature on representation in qualitative research and analysis of 99 reports of qualitative studies of women with HIV infection. Findings: Factors complicating finding the findings in qualitative studies include varied reporting styles, misrepresentation of data and analytic procedures as findings, misuse of quotes and theory, and lack of clarity concerning pattern and theme. Theses and dissertations present special challenges because they often contain several of these problems. Conclusions: Given the varied beliefs about findings among qualitative researchers, the challenge is to find ways to present findings that will make them discernible to the diverse audiences for whom they are intended, including researchers and practitioners.
European Theories and Local Therapies: Mordexi and Galenism in the East Indies, 1500-1700

AbstractThis article examines written accounts of the disease mordexi roughly between 1500 and 1700 to explore the conceptual frameworks and rhetorical strategies used by early modern authors to understand and present a local disease encountered in the East Indies to European readers. Europeans understood mordexi within a framework of Galenic medicine that both normalized the tropical affliction and distinguished it from other diseases. The cause and prevention of the disease were likewise explained through the effects of local flora and climate on the body. Native treatments for mordexi, however, did not fit so easily within Hippocratic-Galenic notions of restoring humoral balance and even challenged the superiority of European medical practitioners. The article concludes that the rhetorical strategies used by European authors to convey the efficacy of native healing practices point to the limitations of a Galenic framework and how writers worked around these conceptual limits.
Pulmonary mucormycosis: Results of medical and surgical therapy

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that commonly begins by invading the respiratory tract. The purpose of the present study was to define the clinical presentation of pulmonary mucormycosis and to evaluate current treatment regimens. Thirty patients treated at our institution and 225 cases reported in the literature were reviewed. For the combined groups, the mean age at presentation was 41 +/- 21 years and associated medical conditions included leukemia or lymphoma (37%), diabetes mellitus (32%), chronic renal failure (18%), history of organ transplantation (7.6%), or a known solid tumor (5.6%). The in-hospital mortality was 65% for patients with isolated pulmonary mucormycosis, 96% for those with disseminated disease, and 80% overall. The mortality in patients treated surgically was 11%, significantly lower than the 68% mortality in those treated medically (p = 0.0004). The most common causes of death were fungal sepsis (42%), respiratory insufficiency (27%), and hemoptysis (13%). Pulmonary mucormycosis has a high mortality; however, antifungal agents appear to improve survival. In addition, surgical resection may provide additional benefit to patients with pulmonary mucormycosis confined to one lung.
Superfluid flow through multiply connected geometries

Abstract For conditions opposite those considered by Van Alphen et al., the equations for superfluid flow between two reservoirs joined by multiple parallel paths are presented and solved for the case of two paths. Significant circulation (persistent current) can be created and detected by fluid transfer between reservoirs without external control over the flow paths. Characteristic signatures of circulation that are present in the level oscillations are derived in terms of the system parameters. The types of unexplained frequency shifts and damping maxima observed by Hammel et al. in U-tube oscillations are shown to result from a parallel flow path of relatively small area.
Design considerations for shared memory multiprocessor message systems

The comparative performance is studied of different message passing system designs experimentally on a shared memory Encore Multimax multiprocessor. The systems are measured both by benchmarks and by running example parallel applications. To act as a control, the shared memory machine results are compared with the performance of the benchmarks and applications on the Intel iPSC/2 running the NX/2 operating system. The design alternatives considered are buffering, buffer organization, reference and value semantics, synchronization, coordination strategy and the location of the system in user or kernel space. The results include measurements of the effects of the design alternatives, memory caching, message sizes and copying. >
The intentional and the intended

The paper defends the thesis that for S to V intentionally is for S to V as (in the way) S intended to. For the normal agent the relevant sort of intention is an intention that one's intention to V generate an instance of one's V-ing along some (usually dimly-conceived) productive path. Such an account allows us to say some actions are intentional to a greater or lesser extent (a desirable option for certain cases of ‘wayward causal chains’), preserves the intuitive link between ‘intention’ and ‘intentionally’, and supports the common sense view that the concept of intending is more basic than those of acting with an intention and of acting intentionally. The remainder of the paper responds to certain apparent counter-examples offered by Audi, Harman, and Bratman. In the course of this, I discuss connections between intending to V and hoping to V, and I argue that one can intend to do what one doesn't expect to do, and that one always intends what one attempts.
Toward a framework for combining connectionist and symbol-processing models☆

Abstract The new connectionist models of cognition represent a convergence of trends originating in the study of sensory systems, control theory, and neoassociationism. The strengths of these models correspond in a complementary way to weak points in current symbol-processing theory, suggesting possibilities of fruitful combination or collaboration. Some specific routes to these ends are considered with specific illustrations from the domain of category learning. In particular, it appears that a connectionist network model for learning might fruitfully be coupled to a memory array model for the judgmental aspects of categorization. Considered more broadly, connectionist models raise issues of a generality/specificity trade-off, issues of sufficiency and testability, and questions about the relationship between models and levels of information processing.
Distortion in Frequency-Modulation Systems Due to Small Sinusoidal Variations of Transmission Characteristics

It is shown that the distortion generated in fm systems by small sinusoidal ripples on either group delay or amplitude characteristics can be evaluated in terms of the distortion due to a single echo. Using results already established for echo distortion, curves are plotted relating intermodulation distortion of a frequency-division-multiplex signal to the amplitude, periodicity, and location of the small sinusoidal ripple for a 600 channel system. These curves are of value in estimating permissible limits of variation of transmission characteristics over the significant rf band.
Synthesis and Characterization of Os and Pt−Os/Carbon Nanocomposites and their Relative Performance as Methanol Electrooxidation Catalysts

Thermal treatment of cis-(2,2‘-bipyridine)2OsCl2, (η6-cymene)2Os2Cl4, or [(bpy)2Os(μ-bpm)PtCl2][CF3SO3]2/Vulcan carbon powder composites under solely reductive conditions affords Os or Pt−Os/carbon...
The rise of the mesophytic flora

Abstract The Mesophytic Era began in the Permian when advanced gymnosperms migrated from the uplands, where they had evolved during the latter half of the Pennsylvanian, down into the depositional basins. The Mesophytic Flora orginated at least in part near the paleoequator. The Pennsylvanian tropical uplands where much of this flora evolved were probably cooler, less rainy, and had greater seasonal variations in rainfall than most tropical uplands do now. The Mesophytic Flora appears to have originated in the Pennsylvanian because for the first time stocks of plants (conifers and advanced seed ferns) were available that could really flourish in upland environments. Evolution of the Mesophytic Flora may also have been promoted in the Pennsylvanian by forced migrations of the upland vegetation, by the sparseness of the plants, by climatic changes, and by the high CO2:O2 ratio in the atmosphere.
Measuring tropospheric ozone using differential absorption lidar technique

An application of a DIAL technique that accurately resolves the vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone up to at least 12 km altitude in one minute, during either the day or night, is described. The prototype instrument is located in the Colorado mountains and is to serve as the first NOAA ozone lidar within a planned tropospheric monitoring network. A schematic of the tropospheric ozone lidar, and a sequence of ozone profiles with an offset of 10 exp 12 between profiles are shown.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Detection of open or closed porosity in low-κ dielectrics by solvent diffusion

The presence of open porosity in a porous interlayer dielectric (ILD) can seriously degrade the ultimate performance and reliability of a device. A simple method for detecting the open porosity in ILDs would facilitate the design of materials with pore morphologies compatible with the required specifications of a particular device. The measurement of effective diffusion coefficients in a low-@k ILD over a range of porosities is shown to permit the detection of open porosity. An example illustrating the simplicity of this method is presented using toluene solvent in a well-characterized porous organosilicate material. The result using this method is consistent with available data in the literature.
Macrophage activity of thymectomized mice infected with Leishmania donovani.

Fagocitosis y destruccion deLeishmania donovani por macrofagos in vivo o in vitro es igual en macrofagos de ratones timectomizados e infectados que en macrofagos de ratones no timectomizados e infectados. Se concluye que la resistencia natural contra infeccion conL. donovani no es disminuida por la timectomia. Ademas, los datos indican que la actividad de los macrofagos es independiente del timo.
Electroreception in the euryhaline stingray, Dasyatis sabina.

SUMMARY This study quantified the electrosensitivity of a euryhaline elasmobranch, the Atlantic stingray ( Dasyatis sabina ) across a range of salinities. Specimens from a permanent freshwater (FW) population in the St Johns River system, FL, USA, were compared with stingrays from the tidally dynamic Indian River Lagoon in east Florida, USA. Behavioral responses of stingrays to prey-simulating electric stimuli were quantified in FW (0 p.p.t., ρ=2026Ω cm), brackish (15 p.p.t., ρ=41 Ω cm) and full strength seawater (35 p.p.t., ρ=19 Ω cm). This study demonstrated that the electrosensitivity of D. sabina is significantly reduced in FW. In order to elicit a feeding response, stingrays tested in FW required an electric field 200–300× greater than stingrays tested in brackish and saltwater (median FW treatments=1.4 μV cm –1 , median brackish–saltwater treatments=6 nV cm –1 ), and the maximum orientation distance was reduced by 35.2%, from 44.0 cm in the brackish and saltwater treatments to 28.5 cm in FW. The St Johns River stingrays did not demonstrate an enhanced electrosensitivity in FW, nor did they exhibit reduced sensitivity when introduced to higher salinities. Stingrays from both populations responded similarly to the prey-simulating stimulus when tested at similar salinities, regardless of their native environment. The reduction in electrosensitivity and detection range in FW is attributed to both an environmental factor (electrical resistivity of the water) and the physiological function of the ampullary canals. The plasticity of this sensory system to function across such a wide environmental range demonstrates its adaptive significance.
Intermittent amantadine for fluoxetine-induced anorgasmia

Various drugs, including amantadine, have been reported in the successful treatment of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Only a regular daily dosing schedule of amantadine has been used for the treatment of sexual dysfunction so far. This case demonstrates that an intermittent dose of amantadine at 100 mg five to six hours prior to coitus could be useful in the treatment of fluoxetine-induced anorgasmia.
Sustainable operation and management of data center chillers using temporal data mining

Motivation: Data centers are a critical component of modern IT infrastructure but are also among the worst environmental offenders through their increasing energy usage and the resulting large carbon footprints. Efficient management of data centers, including power management, networking, and cooling infrastructure, is hence crucial to sustainability. In the absence of a 'first-principles' approach to manage these complex components and their interactions, data-driven approaches have become attractive and tenable.Results: We present a temporal data mining solution to model and optimize performance of data center chillers, a key component of the cooling infrastructure. It helps bridge raw, numeric, time-series information from sensor streams toward higher level characterizations of chiller behavior, suitable for a data center engineer. To aid in this transduction, temporal data streams are first encoded into a symbolic representation, next run-length encoded segments are mined to form frequent motifs in time series, and finally these metrics are evaluated by their contributions to sustainability. A key innovation in our application is the ability to intersperse "don't care" transitions (e.g., transients) in continuous-valued time series data, an advantage we inherit by the application of frequent episode mining to symbolized representations of numeric time series. Our approach provides both qualitative and quantitative characterizations of the sensor streams to the data center engineer, to aid him in tuning chiller operating characteristics. This system is currently being prototyped for a data center managed by HP and experimental results from this application reveal the promise of our approach.
Percutaneous replacement jejunostomy after esophagogastrectomy

A surgically placed jejunostomy tube is a safe and effective means of delivering nutritional support for the postesophagogastrectomy patient. We have previously described a method that permits percutaneous replacement of surgically placed jejunostomy feeding tubes, and now present our results with the use of this technique in 350 consecutive esophagogastrectomy patients. Replacement jejunostomy as required in 17 patients (4.9%). All patients had successful percutaneous jejunostomy replacement. There were no procedural complications or deaths. The timing of feeding tube replacement following esophagogastrectomy was predictive of the indication. Before 16 weeks, the indication for feeding tube replacement was intubation and inability to eat (1 patient) or anorexia with weight loss and dehydration (7 patients). At or after 16 weeks, the indications for feeding tube replacement were all related to symptoms resulting from recurrent carcinoma. We conclude that the technique of percutaneous jejunostomy allows the surgeon tremendous flexibility in the management of the postesophagogastrectomy patient as it preserves the advantages of an adjuvant surgically placed feeding tube over the lifetime of the patient. The technique is safe, and the success rate is excellent.
Between hope and abandonment: black queer collectivity and the affective labour of biomedicalised HIV prevention

This paper investigates how current transformations in HIV prevention in the USA are intensifying a logic of viral containment rooted in biomedicine and behavioural science, in order to curb the recent rise in new HIV infections, predominantly among young African-American ‘men who have sex with men’. Based on fieldwork in Baltimore, I examine how this paradigm shift is translated into concrete prevention activities that focus on HIV testing and treatment. By attending to the affective labour performed by members of Baltimore's Ballroom scene – a kinship system of black queer youth structured around competitive dance and performance – I show how the emergent ‘Test & Treat’ approach becomes a polyvalent object that attracts a host of optimistic investments in collective and individual prosperity, which nevertheless threaten to remain unrequited. Finally, I argue that the current move towards a biomedically mediated model of viral management depoliticises the struggle against HIV by suggesting that we can tr...
Comparison of proton and x-ray conformal dose distributions for radiosurgery applications.

Highly focused dose distributions for radiosurgery applications are successfully achieved using either multiple static high‐energy particle beams or multiple‐arc circular x‐ray beams from a linac. It has been suggested that conformal x‐ray techniques using dynamically shaped beams with a moving radiation source would offer advantages compared to the use of only circular beams. It is also thought that, generally, charged particle beams such as protons offer dose deposition advantages compared to x‐ray beams. A comparison of dose distributions was made between a small number of discrete protonbeams, multiple‐arc circular x‐ray beams, and conformal x‐ray techniques. Treatment planning of a selection of radiosurgery cases was done for these three techniques. Target volumes ranged from 1.0–25.0 cm3. Dose distributions and dose volume histograms of the target and surrounding normal brain were calculated. The advantages and limitations of each technique were primarily dependent upon the shape and size of the target volume. In general, protondose distributions were superior to x‐ray distributions; both shaped proton and shaped x‐ray beams delivered dose distributions which were more conformal than x‐ray techniques using circular beams; and the differences between all proton and x‐ray distributions were negligible for the smallest target volumes, and greatest for the larger target volumes.
Variations in Population Density, Movement, and Rickettsial Infection Rates in a Local Population of Dermacentor variabilis (Acarina: Ixodidae) Ticks in the Piedmont of Georgia

Adult Dermacentor variabilis ticks studied from 1978 through 1981 in an area with a high incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Georgia were found to begin questing in late March to mid-April. Three population peaks occurred between March and September (the final peak occurring in late June), indicating that a 1-year life cycle occurs in the area. The ticks were found to occur nonrandomly within all types of habitats, forming clusters which shifted considerable distances annually. Infection rates with rickettsiae-like organisms varied from 0.3 to 1.1%. No significant difference was found in infection rates of ticks from differing habitat types or months of a season, but a significant difference was noted between succeeding years. Annual changes in infection rates combined with shifting clusters of questing ticks may explain the sporadic occurrence of human infection with spotted fever within restricted local areas in Georgia.
In vitro evaluation of E-4695, a new fluoro-naphthyridine

Compound E-4695, a C-7 azetidinyl fluoro-naphthyridine, was compared to six structurally related quinolones and was generally two- to four-fold more active than ciprofloxacin. E-4695 was particularly active againstStaphylococcus aureus (MIC90 0.06 mg/l),Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MIC90 0.5 mg/l),Klebsiella spp. (MIC90≤0.015 mg/l),Serratia marcescens (MIC90 0.06 mg/l),Acinetobacter spp. (MIC90≤0.015 mg/l),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC90 0.5 mg/l),Xanthomonas maltophilia (MIC90 0.5 mg/l), andNeisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC90≤0.001 mg/l). This new quinolone-like drug requires further investigations to confirm these promising in vitro findings.