cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying Subnetwork Fingerprints in Structural Connectomes: A Data-Driven Approach

Identifying white matter connectivity patterns in the human brain derived from neuroimaging data is an important area of research in computational medicine. Recently, machine learning techniques typically use region-to-region or hub-base connectivity features to understand how the brain is organized, and then use this information to predict the clinical outcome. Unfortunately, computational models that are trained with these types of features are very localized to a particular region in the brain, i.e. one particular brain region or two connected brain regions, and may not provide the level of information needed to understand more complex relationships that span multiple connected brain regions. To overcome this limitation a new subnetwork feature is introduced that combine region-to-region and hub-based delay information using the shortest path algorithm. The proposed feature is then used to construct a deep learning model to recognize the identity of 20 different subjects. The results show person identification models trained with our feature are approximately 30% and 50% more accurate than models trained only using hub-based features and region-to-region features, respectively. Lastly, a connectome fingerprint is identified using a neural network backtrack approach that selects the subnetwork features that are responsible for classification performance.
Clomiphene Treatment in Oligospermic Infertile Males

This study of the effects of long-term clomiphene administration on semen analyses of oligospermic infertile males once again points to the potential therapeutic efficacy of clomiphene in certain subjects. Although the group of 16 subjects was small, all were men with long-standing infertility that had been refractory to previous treatments such as exogenous injections of human chorionic gonadotropin and varicocelectomy; 10 of the 16 men (62.5%) showed improvement in sperm counts within 2 to 5 months of starting clomiphene. Sperm motility improved moderately when counts improved; no effects on sperm morphology were noted. Of the 10 men classified as semen responders to clomiphene, 5 (50%) were successful in impregnating their wives within 2 to 8 months of starting treatment. These results approach the therapeutic efficacy seen with clomiphene in appropriately selected females with ovulatory distrubances. We have been unable to predict or characterize the patient who might be expected to show a semen response to clomiphene by history, physical examination, response to previous treatment, or changes in blood testosterone levels while taking clomiphene.
Universal Measures of School Functioning in Middle School Special Education Students

Universal measures of school functioning/impairment (i.e., grade point average, subject failures, absenteeism, disciplinary referrals/suspensions) were examined over the course of 1 school year for...
E9. Infinite-Finite

We looked at two very different solutions of Problem 10.4(A). The first solution was quite powerful.
Parallel Computer Architectures

The basic types of parallel computer architectures are examined in this chapter. The focus here will be on the physical design of the computer. In Chapter 3, the different high-level models that can be presented to a programmer of a parallel machine will be studied.
16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing of Seawater Microbiota from Quintero Bay, Chile, Affected by Oil Spills, Shows the Presence of an Oil-Degrading Marine Bacterial Guild Structured by the Bacterial Genera Alcanivorax, Cobetia, Halomonas , and Oleiphilus .

The Quintero Bay, located along the central coast of Chile, has suffered different oil spills during the past 5 years, impacting marine ecosystems. This report describes the microbial community structure of seawater samples obtained from the Quintero Bay through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.
L2 CASTELNUOVO–DE FRANCHIS, THE CUP PRODUCT LEMMA, AND FILTERED ENDS OF KÄHLER MANIFOLDS

Simple approaches to the proofs of the L2 Castelnuovo–de Franchis theorem and the cup product lemma which give new versions are developed. For example, assume that ω1 and ω2 are two linearly independent closed holomorphic 1-forms on a bounded geometry connected complete Kahler manifold X with ω2 in L2. According to a version of the L2 Castelnuovo–de Franchis theorem obtained in this paper, if ω1 ∧ ω2 ≡ 0, then there exists a surjective proper holomorphic mapping of X onto a Riemann surface for which ω1 and ω2 are pull-backs. Previous versions required both forms to be in L2.
Emerging Technologies in Healthcare: A Tutorial

Healthcare is a complex system that covers processes of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Technology drives healthcare more than any other force. Technologies in the healthcare change at fast pace from cutting edge to ubiquity. Some of these technologies will change the practice of healthcare and transform our whole approach to illness and health. Although emerging healthcare technologies will not fix all healthcare problems, they can improve the practice, decision making, and management of healthcare. This paper provides a tutorial on emerging technologies in healthcare.
The Use of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) in the Detection, Evaluation, and Surveillance of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer (csPCa)

With the long-standing controversy surrounding the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the detection, evaluation, and surveillance of prostate cancer, there is a need for a minimally invasive technique to identify and risk-stratify these patients. Additionally, in an effort to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies and identify clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), there has been a shift in practice towards the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in conjunction with decision-making regarding prostate cancer diagnosis and management. In the current review, we summarize the data regarding the use of mpMRI in the detection, evaluation, and surveillance of csPCa. Recent prospective clinical trials have determined that a pre-biopsy mpMRI may rule out insignificant prostate cancers, thereby reducing the number of patients who require a biopsy. The anatomic information gathered from these pre-biopsy mpMRI performed during MRI fusion biopsy in csPCa increases the accuracy of pathologic staging in terms of Gleason scores. In regard to active surveillance, prospective trials suggest little to no clinical utility for mpMRI and fusion biopsy in the surveillance of prostate cancer despite conflicting findings from retrospective studies. Recent trials suggest that mpMRI can play an important role in the detection and evaluation of csPCa. The ideal role for mpMRI in active surveillance remains limited.
Characterization of isolates of Xanthomonas arboricola pv . corylina , the causal agent of bacterial blight, from Oregon hazelnut orchards

Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina (Xac)) of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) was described first in Oregon in 1915 and is now recognized as a damaging disease of young hazelnut trees worldwide. Thousands of hectares of new hazelnut cultivars that are resistant to eastern filbert blight (Anisogramma anomala) are being planted in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, where 99% of the US hazelnut crop is grown. Reports of bacterial blight on young hazelnut trees have increased but information about the causal pathogen is limited. Isolates were recovered from tissues with bacterial blight symptoms that were then characterized for their ability to grow on semi-selective media, their nutrient utilization profiles using Biolog GN2, quinate metabolism, copper tolerance, hypersensitive response on tobacco, and pathogenicity on hazelnut. Additionally, isolates were identified with a duplex PCR assay (ftsX and qumA), 16S rRNA sequence, and multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) using rpoD and gyrB. Pathogenic isolates were identified as Xac using morphological, biochemical, molecular, and host assays. Using MLSA, Xac isolates from Oregon separated into two clades, one clade with the type strain and a second clade previously described using isolates from Europe. The phylogenetic diversity of Xac observed in other countries also is present in Oregon.
Lentiviral Vector Induced Modeling of High-Grade Spinal Cord Glioma in Minipigs.

Background: Prior studies have applied driver mutations targeting the RTK/RAS/PI3K and p53 pathways to induce the formation of high-grade gliomas in rodent models. In the present study, we report the production of a high-grade spinal cord glioma model in pigs using lentiviral gene transfer. Methods: Six Gottingen Minipigs received thoracolumbar (T14-L1) lateral white matter injections of a combination of lentiviral vectors, expressing platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGF-B), constitutive HRAS, and shRNA-p53 respectively. All animals received injection of control vectors into the contralateral cord. Animals underwent baseline and endpoint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were evaluated daily for clinical deficits. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical analysis was conducted. Data are presented using descriptive statistics including relative frequencies, mean, standard deviation, and range. Results: 100% of animals (n = 6/6) developed clinical motor deficits ipsilateral to the oncogenic lentiviral injections by a three-week endpoint. MRI scans at endpoint demonstrated contrast enhancing mass lesions at the site of oncogenic lentiviral injection and not at the site of control injections. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive staining for GFAP, Olig2, and a high Ki-67 proliferative index. Histopathologic features demonstrate consistent and reproducible growth of a high-grade glioma in all animals. Conclusions: Lentiviral gene transfer represents a feasible pathway to glioma modeling in higher order species. The present model is the first lentiviral vector induced pig model of high-grade spinal cord glioma and may potentially be used in preclinical therapeutic development programs.
Pollinator Communities of Restored Sandhills: a Comparison of Insect Visitation Rates to Generalist and Specialist Flowering Plants in Sandhill Ecosystems of Central Florida

Globally, urbanization and other forms of land use change have been implicated in widespread pollinator declines and disruptions to plant–pollinator interactions. A growing body of literature, however, suggests that urban habitat fragments can provide oases for both plant and insect diversity. A micro-ecosystem on our college campus was created to represent the longleaf pine savannas (sandhills) that once dominated upland ridges throughout the Southeast. To assess the ability of this site to support wild insect pollinators, from May through August for three years (2016–2018) we compared visitation to two abundant flowering plant species, Bidens alba (a generalist-pollinated composite) and Chamaecrista fasciculata (a specialist-pollinated legume), between the campus micro-ecosystem and a nearby site within a large conservation area containing sandhill habitat undergoing restoration. We found that, for both plant species, total insect visitation rates did not differ between years or sites, suggesting that the small urban fragment is capable of maintaining abundant pollinators. The identity of generalist visitors to Bidens alba, however, differed dramatically between sites. Wild hymenopterans constituted more than two-thirds of all insect visits in the campus site but less than half in the conservation area, where butterflies, flies, and beetles were also common visitors. The high density of flowers in the campus site is likely at least partially responsible for the high abundance of hymenopterans, a result consistent with that of many other studies showing that hymenopterans are less sensitive to urbanization than are other insect groups.
Application of family-centered health education in neonatal extension nursing

Objective To assess clinical strategy of family-centered care in neonatal extension nursing. Methods We chose 260 cases in Neonatology Department of Hunan Children′s Hospital from February to August on 2014 and randomized them into two groups, observation group and control group. Families received routine education in two groups. However, we educated the families how to feed, keep warmth, bath, disinfect umbilical region and caring button and their question by telephone after 3, 7days discharged from our center in the observation group. We compared weight, height, increasing of head circumference, and families satisfaction between two groups. Results In the observation group, the neonate weight was (4 776.88±446.59)g, height (54.76±1.28) cm, head circumference (37.16±0.71) cm, which all were better than those of the control group (t=2.712, 6.518, 9.455; P<0.05). The families′ satisfaction of observation group (99.2%) compared 85.8% in the control group (χ2=16.86, P<0.05). Conclusions Family-centered nursing education can meet the needs of the patients and their families, which can help to improve the development of neonatal growth and the satisfaction of families. Key words: Infant, Newborn; Health education; Extension nursing; Family-centered
Unconscious Bias in Speaker Introductions at a Surgical Oncology Meeting: Hierarchy Reigns Over Gender.

Recent reviews of medical conferences have shown that women were less likely to receive a formal introduction compared with men. We examined speaker introductions at the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) annual meeting to determine whether similar biases exist within our organization. An observational study of video-archived speaker introductions at the 2018 and 2019 SSO annual meetings was conducted. Professional address was defined as professional title followed by full name or last name. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with form of address. There were 499 speaker introductions reviewed. Speakers included 290 (58%) men and 238 (49%) post-graduate trainees (residents and fellows). A non-professional form of address was used to introduce 148 (30%) speakers and was most often used for post-graduate trainees (33%). Full professors were more likely than junior faculty to introduce speakers with a non-professional form of address (37% of full professors vs 18% of assistant professors, p < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis these findings persisted. Trainees were 2.8 times more likely to receive a non-professional form of address (p = 0.003). Use of a non-professional introduction did not significantly vary by the speaker’s nor the introducer’s gender. Residents and fellows were more likely to receive a non-professional form of address, and the likelihood of this increased with rising seniority of the introducer. The manner of speaker introduction did not vary by gender in our organization. More research is needed to explore the influence of these disparities on academic advancement for the next generation of surgical oncologists.
Physiologic Indirect Response Modeling to Describe Buprenorphine Pharmacodynamics in Newborns Treated for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

Buprenorphine has been shown to be effective in treating infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. However, an evidence-based buprenorphine dosing strategy has not been established in the treatment of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome because of a lack of exposure–response data. The aim of this study was to develop an integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model to predict buprenorphine treatment outcomes in newborns with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Clinical data were obtained from 19 newborns with a median (range) gestational age of 37 (34–41) weeks enrolled in a pilot pharmacokinetic study of buprenorphine. Sparse blood sampling, comprising three specimens obtained around the second dose of buprenorphine, was performed using heel sticks with dried blood spot technology. Standardized neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome severity scores (Finnegan scores) were collected every 3–4 h based on symptoms by bedside nursing staff. Mean Finnegan scores were used as a pharmacodynamic marker in the exposure–response modeling. The blood concentration–Finnegan score relationship was described using a physiologic indirect response model with inclusion of natural disease remission. A total of 52 buprenorphine blood concentrations and 780 mean Finnegan scores were available for the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and exposure–response analysis. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption adequately described the pharmacokinetic data. The buprenorphine blood concentration at 50% of maximum effect for the inhibition of disease progression was 0.77 ng/mL (95% confidence interval 0.32–1.2). The inclusion of natural disease remission described as a function of postnatal age significantly improved the model fit. A buprenorphine pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was successfully developed. The model could facilitate model-informed optimization of the buprenorphine dosing regimen in the treatment of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
Limiting Coronavirus Exposure for Complex and Palliative Pediatric Patients through Prescription Medication Advocacy

Limiting Coronavirus Exposure for Complex and Palliative Pediatric Patients through Prescription MedicationAdvocacy Kuck, Cheryl, MD, FAAP;Harwood, Lori, BSNRN;Auricchio, Lisa;Williams, Elizabeth, BSIE, MBABackground: At Dayton Children's Hospital (DCH), complex and palliative care patients are served by acombined program DCH defines palliative care patients as having life-limiting or life-threatening conditionsand complex care as having three or more chronic conditions, significant functional disability, and highutilization of medical services Both palliative and complex care patients are at higher risk for morbidity andmortality from COVID-19 infection and thus should limit public exposure by themselves and their familymembers Many of these patients have multiple medications and use prescription supplies as well Prescriptions must be refilled every 30 days During the start of the COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders, the DCHComplex and Palliative Care Team undertook an advocacy project with the DCH retail pharmacy andCareSource, Ohio's largest Medicaid insurer, to convert patients' medications from a 30- to a 60-day supply, thereby reducing public exposure for these patients and their families Description: In March 2020, thegovernor of Ohio instituted shelter-in-place orders for Ohio and severely limited ambulatory clinic visits toDCH The Complex and Palliative Care Team began calling its families using the standardized documentationin Figure 1 as a guide Of 58 patients, 10 were interested in and eligible for the project (involving over 150orders) Eligibility required prescriptions be filled at the DCH retail pharmacy and insured through CareSource Once interest and eligibility were confirmed, the following steps were undertaken • Consultation with eachpatient's subspecialists to ensure alignment and agreement of medications and dosages • Advocacy withCareSource to convert approvals from 30- to 60-day supplies In many cases, approvals needed individualoverrides • Close communication with DCH pharmacy to create a specific process for these prescriptions toensure they would be approved by insurance, filled, and delivered for curbside pickup without delays orinconveniences to these fragile families and patients • Synchronization of all medications for an individualpatient so all prescriptions could be picked up on the same day • Reconciliation of the entire medicationrecord Conclusion: Advocacy actions taken by the Complex and Palliative Care Team were an effective way ofpreventing unneeded public exposure for one of the most complex and fragile patient populations at DCH Families expressed their appreciation not only for the time saved and the ability to protect their children;butrecognition of the complexity of their daily lives It allowed our team to fulfill DCH's mission of optimal careand raise morale during a difficult time The framework created in this advocacy project can be used for otherprojects in the future (Figure Presented)
On the evaluation of two-loop electroweak box diagrams for e + e ‒ → HZ production

Precision studies of the Higgs boson at future e+e− colliders can help to shed light on fundamental questions related to electroweak symmetry breaking, baryogenesis, the hierarchy problem, and dark matter. The main production process, e+e− → HZ, will need to be controlled with sub-percent precision, which requires the inclusion of next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) electroweak corrections. The most challenging class of diagrams are planar and non-planar double-box topologies with multiple massive propagators in the loops. This article proposes a technique for computing these diagrams numerically, by transforming one of the sub-loops through the use of Feynman parameters and a dispersion relation, while standard one-loop formulae can be used for the other sub-loop. This approach can be extended to deal with tensor integrals. The resulting numerical integrals can be evaluated in minutes on a single CPU core, to achieve about 0.1% relative precision.
Natural biopolymers as proton conductors in bioelectronics

Bioelectronic devices sense or deliver information at the interface between living systems and electronics by converting biological signals into electronic signals and vice-versa. Biological signals are typically carried by ions and small molecules. As such, ion conducting materials are ideal candidates in bioelectronics for an optimal interface. Among these materials, ion conducting polymers that are able to uptake water are particularly interesting because, in addition to ionic conductivity, their mechanical properties can closely match the ones of living tissue. In this review, we focus on a specific subset of ion-conducting polymers: proton (H+ ) conductors that are naturally derived. We first provide a brief introduction of the proton conduction mechanism, and then outline the chemical structure and properties of representative proton-conducting natural biopolymers: polysaccharides (chitosan and glycosaminoglycans), peptides and proteins, and melanin. We then highlight examples of using these biopolymers in bioelectronic devices. We conclude with current challenges and future prospects for broader use of natural biopolymers as proton conductors in bioelectronics and potential translational applications.
The financial burden on families of infants requiring neonatal intensive care.

Abstract While the high costs of neonatal intensive care have been a topic of increasing study, the financial impact on families have been less frequently reported or summarized. We conducted a systematic review of the literature using Pubmed/Medline and EMBASE (1990-2020) for studies reporting estimates of out-of-pocket costs or qualitative estimates of financial burden on families during a neonatal intensive care unit stay or after discharge. 44 studies met inclusion criteria, with 25 studies providing cost estimates. Cost estimates primarily focused on direct non-medical out-of-pocket costs or loss of productivity, and there was a paucity of cost estimates for insurance cost-sharing. Available estimates suggest these costs are significant to families, cause significant stress, and may impact care received by patients. More high-quality studies estimating the entirety of out-of-pocket costs are needed, and particular attention should be paid to how these costs directly impact the care of our high-risk population.
Pathogenic DPYD Variants and Treatment-Related Mortality in Patients Receiving Fluoropyrimidine Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants of the DPYD gene are strongly associated with grade ≥3 toxicity during fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the risk of treatment-related death associated with DPYD gene variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched for reports published prior to September 17, 2020, that described patients receiving standard-dose fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil or capecitabine) who had baseline testing for at least one of four pathogenic DPYD variants (c.1129-5923C>G [HapB3], c.1679T>G [*13], c.1905+1G>A [*2A], and c.2846A>T) and were assessed for toxicity. Two reviewers assessed studies for inclusion and extracted study-level data. The primary outcome was the relative risk of treatment-related mortality for DPYD variant carriers versus noncarriers; we performed data synthesis using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects model. RESULTS Of the 2,923 references screened, 35 studies involving 13,929 patients were included. DPYD variants (heterozygous or homozygous) were identified in 566 patients (4.1%). There were 14 treatment-related deaths in 13,363 patients without identified DPYD variants (treatment-related mortality, 0.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-0.2) and 13 treatment-related deaths in 566 patients with any of the four DPYD variants (treatment-related mortality, 2.3%; 95% CI, 1.3%-3.9%). Carriers of pathogenic DPYD gene variants had a 25.6 times increased risk of treatment-related death (95% CI, 12.1-53.9; p G variant, carriers of c.1679T>G, c.1905+1G>A, and/or c.2846A>T had treatment-related mortality of 3.7%. CONCLUSION Patients with pathogenic DPYD gene variants who receive standard-dose fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy have greatly increased risk for treatment-related death. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The syndrome of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency is an uncommon but well-described cause of severe toxicity related to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy agents (5-fluorouracil and capecitabine). Patients with latent DPD deficiency can be identified preemptively with genotyping of the DPYD gene, or with measurement of the plasma uracil concentration. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors study the rare outcome of treatment-related death after fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. DPYD gene variants associated with DPD deficiency were linked to a 25.6 times increased risk of fluoropyrimidine-related mortality. These findings support the clinical utility of DPYD genotyping as a screening test for DPD deficiency.
AutoCAT: Automated cancer-associated TCRs discovery from TCR-seq data.

SUMMARY T cells participate directly in the body's immune response to cancer, allowing immunotherapy treatments to effectively recognize and target cancer cells. We previously developed DeepCAT to demonstrate that T cells serve as a biomarker of immune response in cancer patients and can be utilized as a diagnostic tool to differentiate healthy and cancer patient samples. However, DeepCAT's reliance on tumor bulk RNA-seq samples as training data limited its further performance improvement. Here, we benchmarked a new approach, AutoCAT, to predict tumor-associated TCRs from targeted TCR-seq data as a new form of input for DeepCAT, and observed the same level of predictive accuracy. AVAILABILITY Source code is freely available at https://github.com/cew88/AutoCAT, and data is available at 10.5281/zenodo.5176884. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth And Characterization Of Hg 1-x Cd x Te

A molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system designed for the growth of Hg l-xCdxTe alloys is described. The system is equipped with both binary (CdTe) and elemental Hg, Cd, and Te sources and has been used to grow epitaxial layers of CdTe and Hg 1-xCdxTe with x-value between 0.9 and 0.5 on (111) orientated CdTe substrates. The growth of CdTe on (100) orientated GaAs and 1nP substrates is also reported.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Context-dependent effects of the loss of Spartina alterniflora on salt marsh invertebrate communities

Abstract Sudden dieback of the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora during 2000–2002 transformed once-vegetated areas to bare sediment in coastal Georgia and Louisiana. We investigated the effects of losing this foundation species on habitat provisioning for benthic epifauna, macroinfauna, and meiofauna in these distinct geographical regions. In GA, significant shifts in invertebrate community assemblages were observed between bare and reference (vegetated) plots, with abundances of all invertebrate groups and the diversity of macroinfauna lower in bare plots. In LA, community assemblages overlapped considerably in dieback and reference plots. Although epifaunal snails were significantly decreased in dieback plots, meiofauna were unexpectedly increased. Other invertebrates did not differ between plots. Supplemental transplanted plots allowed for direct evaluation of stem density effects on invertebrates. Stem density predicted abundances of all invertebrate groups in GA, and was positively correlated with increased soil moisture. In LA, elevation and soil moisture were good predictors of infauna but were not related to stem density. Differences between the states suggest that S. alterniflora may not provide equivalent ecosystem services in all salt marshes. Additional disturbances (drought, GA; hurricanes, LA) decreased infaunal density and taxon richness in 2008. However, in both states the reduction of macroinfauna was larger in bare than reference areas, suggesting that vegetation protected against further disturbance. Our results suggest that the role of S. alterniflora is context-dependent both in terms of geographic setting and the specific ecosystem service under consideration.
Science Education in the Historical Study of the Sciences

Historians of science have treated the history of primary, secondary, tertiary, and popular science education, although overall the collective scholarship on these issues remains sparse in comparison to other topics in the history of science. Guided at first by the conceptual frameworks of Thomas Kuhn and Michel Foucault, this literature has moved beyond them to embrace a broader methodological pluralism. This essay examines areas where the scholarship on the history of science education is most developed: the history of tertiary science education and of pedagogical practices in professional settings. Here historians of science have focused mainly on scientific textbooks; science pedagogy, or how science is taught and learned; pedagogical practices in generational reproduction; and finally the political, social, and economic dimensions of science education. The essay concludes by considering how an emerging area of general historical scholarship, the history of the senses, offers an opportunity to add a new dimension to the history of science education.
Minimally invasive identification of degraded polyester-urethane magnetic tape using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate statistics.

Audio recordings are a significant component of the world’s modern cultural history and are retained for future generations in libraries, archives, and museums. The vast majority of tapes contain polyester-urethane as the magnetic particle binder, the degradation of which threatens the playability and integrity of these often unique recordings. Magnetic tapes with stored historical data are degrading and need to be identified prior to digitization and/or preservation. We demonstrate the successful differentiation of playable and nonplayable quarter-inch audio tapes, allowing the minimally invasive triage of tape collections. Without such a method, recordings are put at risk during playback, which is the current method for identifying degraded tapes. A total of 133 quarter-inch audio tapes were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR). Classification of IR spectra in regards to tape playability was accomplished using principal component analysis (PCA) fol...
Design decision aids and human factors guidelines for ATIS displays

This paper explores the decisions designers must make when developing Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) displays. It describes a design support process that has been developed to help formulate answers that reflect current human factors research and accepted design principles. Examples of decision tools that makeup this process are provided along with a description of how these tools can be used together to aid in the design process. In addition, specific results, generated using these design tools to analyze a large set of proposed ATIS information items, are also presented and discussed.
Socio-epistemic analysis of scientific knowledge production in little science research

The processes that drive knowledge production and dissemination in scientific environments are embedded within the social, technical, cultural and epistemic practices of the constituent research communities. This article presents a methodology to unpack specific social and epistemic dimensions of scientific knowledge production using, as a case study, the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS), a National Science Foundation “little science” research center involved in theoretical and applied work in the field of wireless communication and sensor networks. By analysis of its scholarly record, I construct a social network of coauthorship, linking individuals that have coauthored scholarly artifacts (journal articles and conference papers), and an epistemic network of topic co-occurrence, linking concepts and knowledge constructs in the same scholarly artifacts. This article reports on ongoing work directed at the study of the emergence and evolution of these networks of scientific interaction. I present some preliminary results and introduce a socio-epistemic method for an historical analysis of network co-evolution. I outline a research design to support further investigations of knowledge production in scientific circles.
Recent developments in active microwave systems at JPL

Provides an overview of some recent developments in active microwave remote system systems at JPL. The authors describe the preliminary engineering and scientific results from the two recent flights of the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) on the space shuttle Endeavor. The key features of the radar design are summarized and the potential applications of the radar results to Earth science are described. The author also describes the recent progress in the development of interferometric SAR for high resolution topography mapping. The principle of this technique and results from airborne experiments are presented. Finally, development of meteorological radars for rain and cloud measurements is discussed. The design of an airborne rain mapping radar that was developed to support the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission is summarized. In addition, the design and development of an airborne 94 GHz cloud mapping radar are discussed. >
Mass spectrometric studies at high temperatures: XVII. Sublimation and vapor pressures of Dy(III), Ho(III) and Er(III) fluorides

The sublimation and vapor pressures of DyF3, HoF3 and ErF3 were measured mass-spectrometrically and by semimicrobalance Knudsen studies. DyF3, HoF3, and ErF3 were established as the major vapor species over the respective solid 01 molten trifluorides by mass-spectrometric work. The results are represented for DyF3 by: log Psub. (atm) = − (2.325 ± 0.031) × 104T + 10.720 ± 0.229log Pvap. (atm) = − (1.842 ± 0.032) × 104T + 7.538 ± 0.209, for HoF3 by log Psub. (atm) = − (2.309 ± 0.033) × 104T + 10.650 ± 0.245log Pvap. (atm) = − (1.847 ± 0.048) × 104T + 7.333 ± 0.330, and for ErF3, by log Psub. (atm) = − (2.339 ± 0.054) × 104T + 10.680 ± 0.391log P vap. (atm) = − (1.930 ± 0.027) × 104T + 7.777 ± 0.186 where errors noted are standard deviations from the least-squares fits. The heats of sublimation and vaporization are : for DyF3ΔHsub. (1356°K) = 106.4 ± 1.5 kcal mole−1ΔHvap. (1523°K) = 84.3 ± 1.5 kcal mole−1 for HoF3ΔHsub. (1366°K) = 105.6 ± 1.5 kcal mole−1ΔHvap. (1465°K) = 84.5 ± 2.2 kcal mole−1 for ErF3ΔHsub. (1373°K) = 107.0 ± 2.5 kcal mole−1ΔHvap. (1461°K) = 88.3 ± 1.2 kcal mole−1
Bioactive peptides in digesta that regulate gastrointestinal function and intake.

Exorphins, a particular class of biologically active peptides that exist within a protein sequence, are released during digestion, absorbed intact, and modulate gastrointestinal motility, secretions, endocrine metabolism, and possibly intake by binding to specific opioid receptors. Casomorphins are a class of exorphin from milk protein that slows gastric motility and emptying in nonruminants. In the mature ruminant, abomasal infusion of casein, 1.25 to 5.0% (wt/vol) for 3 h at 16.7 mL/min, linearly decreased reticular contraction frequency 3.5 to 5.1%, duration 2.0 to 4.0%, and amplitude 5.8 to 15.5% from the control (P <.05). This effect was blocked by intragastric administration of the opioid antagonist naltrexone (.5 mg/kg of BW). Abomasal infusion of an acid hydrolysate of casein exerted more immediate effects on reticular motility that were amplified by administration of the opioid antagonist. Dual excitatory-inhibitory responses are characteristic of opioid regulation. Naltrexone-reversible effects on reticular motility, reticular-omasal orifice opening, and postprandial insulin rise were also demonstrated when a ruminally undegradable protein supplement containing blood meal, fish meal, corn gluten meal, and meat and bone meal was fed. The effects of opioid peptides on digesta passage and postprandial insulin rise implicate their potential involvement with intake regulation. Saliva is another source of bioactive peptides. Abomasal infusion of saliva (1.5 L/h) linearly increased reticular contraction frequency 2.5 to 7.7% and ruminal dilution rate 33.8% from the control ( P <.05). Bioactive peptides may provide new dietary methods for improving productive efficiency of livestock.
Behavioral Public Finance (PDF of Powerpoint Slide Presentation)

The task is to give an overview of what I hope to be an emerging field of behavioral public finance. Behavioral finance, as per Barberis and Thaler 2003 (and others), consists of two parts: (1) individual level heuristics and biases, which can lead to sub-optimal (inconsistent) judgment and decision-making, and (2) institutional arbitrage mechanisms. In private finance and economics, these latter, most importantly competition and markets, act to reduce and perhaps eliminate the harms from the former. Hence we get the relatively modest policy recommendations characteristic of Sunstien and Thaler's Nudge (among many other examples), such as for default rules that set participation in 401(k) plans. In public finance, in contrast - and arguably in all sectors of the economy where there are not flourishing markets (such as among the poor?) - there are no obvious arbitrage mechanisms. Politicians and the political processes can even exacerbate persistent cognitive error: consider the predilection for hidden taxes, such as the corporate tax. Behavioral public finance is a hugely important subject matter. These slides, summarizing original research done with Jon Baron of Penn (see the survey piece, McCaffery and Baron 2006), explain the general setting; group together many biases under a common isolation effect, and then use Kaplow and Shavell 2002's model of optimal legal system design, tracking the two welfare theorems - i.e., set rules (including, we argue, public finance rules), so as to maximize wealth or serve efficiency, and then redistribute from the greater social pie via the tax system - to suggest the possible problems for a democracy. These include: (a), leaving wealth on the table, because the optimally psychologically pleasing policy is not the most efficient one; (b) pitting equity or redistribution against efficiency, unnecessarily, because support for redistribution depends on the purely formal aspects of public finance; and (c) allowing skillful politicians to affect preference reversals among the citizenry, by agenda setting and framing, as by getting citizens averse to deficits and in favor of government expenditures to cut taxes, today, by isolating tax cuts from spending programs.
Evaluating Compensatory Education: A Case Study

This analysis has attempted to assess the impact of a long-range compensatory education program in Newark, New Jersey. Using an array of data from a five-year period and a variety of statistical de...
A patient-centric taxonomy for personal health records (PHRs).

Today, the nascent field of personal health records (PHRs) lacks a comprehensive taxonomy that encompasses the full range of PHRs currently in existence and what may be possible. The Center for Information Technology Leadership (CITL) has created a taxonomy that broadly defines a PHR as having both an infrastructure component, which allows for data viewing and sharing, and an application component, allowing for selfmanagement and information exchange. The taxonomy also accounts for different PHR architectures – provider, payer, third-party, or interoperable. This comprehensive taxonomy may help to define the field of PHRs and provide a framework for assessing PHR value.
Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: An Evidence-Based Algorithm

Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow is the second most common compression neuropathy of the upper extremity and poses a challenge for treating physicians. Lack of a standardized grading system, outcome measures, or surgical indications can make treatment decisions difficult to justify. Conclusions drawn from the available literature include similar rates of good to excellent outcomes for in situ decompression; transposition in the subcutaneous, submuscular, or intramuscular planes; and endoscopic decompression. Outcomes for revision surgery are generally less favorable. Development of standardized outcomes measures will be important in improving the quality and comparability of the literature on this subject.
On nonmaximal solutions to the initial-value constraints of general relativity

This paper investigates a new series of solutions to the initial-value constraints of general relativity which is obtained by perturbing the trace of the extrinsic curvature. This analysis is important for two reasons. Firstly, it completes the proof that flat space is a local energy minimum. Secondly, it casts light on the extent to which this variable can be identified with the gauge degree of freedom in the initial-value problem.
Coronal Positioning of Tissue Previously Treated with Freeze-Dried Dura Mater Grafts

Root surfaces exposed to the oral environment may present a variety of problems to dental patients. Mucogingival surgical procedures represent one approach to the management of these concerns. Procedures currently in use often require two or three wounds, and sometimes two surgical sessions. Recent observations suggest that an allograft, freeze-dried dura mater, may serve well as a donor material in mucogingival surgery. This report describes the use of coronally positioned flap procedures to treat residual areas of recession 4 years after placement of freeze-dried dura mater allografts.
Muscle Mass and Strength: Relation to Function in Population Studies

The use of the term sarcopenia to describe the age-related loss in skeletal muscle and its functional consequences is relatively recent. However, interest in the relationship of muscle mass to strength and function predates the concept of sarcopenia as researchers have attempted to understand differences in mass and strength between men and women, young and old. Most of these studies are cross-sectional comparisons in which muscle mass and strength tend to be linearly related, so that those with more muscle tend to be stronger. This article focuses instead on some potential problems with the sarcopenia-function association in old age and presents what little data exist from longitudinal population studies addressing the effect of sarcopenia over time.
Authoritarianism and attitudes toward police.

A questionnaire composed of an authoritarian measure and two assessments of attitudes toward police was administered to 103 Ss. Large positive correlations obtained between authoritarianism and attitudes toward police. This relationship may be partially explained as a function of high authoritarian S's insecurity, as a result of which the police become a mediating force in an otherwise threatening environment. No sex differences were observed, but age was correlated inversely with both authoritarianism and attitudes toward police.
APIC Chapter Works Together To Prepare Future Leaders

ISSUE: The increased complexity of patient care requires specialized knowledge of infectious disease processes. The Infection Control Liaison Nurse (ICLN) role was established to advance the role of the bedside nurse and augment the Infection Prevention and Control team. ICLNs provide communication, role modeling and problem solving at the unit level. Training, goal setting and support for these nurses has not been standardized resulting in variable levels of success across organizations. We report a chapter project which provided community-wide orientation and ongoing education for ICLNs, thereby providing uniformity. PROJECT: Rochester Finger Lakes Chapter 107 designed and conducted an annual ICLN orientation course and an annual teaching day. Our goal was not only to standardize the education and practice components presented, but to prepare Infection Prevention and Control Professionals (ICPs) for the future. In addition to the basic content, there were networking sessions and oral presentations by experienced ICLNs. This format provided an opportunity to share infection prevention success stories across the region. RESULTS: ICLNs identified projects in which their expertise could be utilized to improve patient care. Best practice models were shared among institutions and projects to enhance hand hygiene at the unit level were implemented across the region. In one institution, an ICP position was assumed by one of the ICLNs. Program evaluation scores averaged 4.7 out of a possible 5. Informal interviews identified increased job satisfaction. LESSONS LEARNED: ICLNs provide a valuable link between the patient care unit and the Infection Prevention and Control Program. An ICLN program is also a potential source for tomorrow's leaders in our field. Just as the role of the ICP has evolved, so must the role of the ICLN. Standardizing education and providing a framework for networking increases community-wide success and more efficiently utilizes limited resources.
Acetylation of Nucleosides by Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)1

Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) reacted with adenosine, cytidine, guanosine and their 2′-deoxynucleosides to give acetylated nucleosides. Cytidine and 2′-deoxycytidine gave N4-acetylated nucleosides in nitromethane while in pyridine fully acetylated products were obtained. Adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine also gave fully acetylated products. However, guanosine and 2′-deoxyguanosine gave 2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetylribosyl and 3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyribosyl nucleosides, respectively. The corresponding aglycons also gave acetylated heterocycles under various conditions.