cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Natural-abundance 13C NMR measurement of hepatic glycogen in the living rabbit

r3C NMR is currently being exploited for the study of biochemical events in living systems. We have followed metabolic reactions of ‘3C-labeled substrates in suspensions of intact cells (Z-4), in perfused organs (57), as well as in the living rat (8) and guinea pig (9). Because 13C is only 1.1% abundant, 13C NMR observations in the absence of labeling require either longer signal accumulation times, or more concentrated metabolites. Natural-abundance 13C spectra have been obtained from lowconcentration metabolites in various organisms and tissues (10) and excised muscle (II, 12), but many hours of accumulation were required. We have shown that it is possible to obtain strong natural-abundance 13C signals in a few minutes’ accumulation from the high concentration of depot fat in the human arm and in different parts of the rat (8). Hepatic glycogen, which is concentrated in the liver of the fed animal, has been observed with natural-abundance i3C NMR at 8.5 T with good signal-to-noise in excised liver (13) and in perfused liver ( 7). It has also been observed in phosphorylase kinase-deficient living rats at 4.7 T using a surface coil in conjunction with a surgical procedure (14). Sillerud and Shulman (7) have shown that 100% of the “C in hepatic glycogen is observable despite the high molecular weight of this polymer. These results suggest that hepatic glycogen might be easily observed in the normal living animal using a surface coil without surgical intervention; however, a previous study of the living rat done at 1.9 T (13) showed only weak signals from hepatic glycogen. In the present 1.9 T study of the living rabbit we have observed strong signals from liver glycogen under conditions which mimic those under which man might be studied. NMR spectra were recorded with an Oxford Research Systems TMR spectrometer operating at 20.2 MHz for 13C in the pulse-Fourier transform mode. The 13C signals were observed with a two-turn surface coil constructed from 3 mm diameter copper wire. The coil diameter was 4.2 cm. The 90” pulse width for a small sample placed at the center of the coil was 17 psec. The coil was positioned 2.0 cm from the center of the magnet volume of homogeneous field where the liver was positioned. Proton decoupling was obtained by using a one-turn 8 cm diameter surface coil which was coaxial with the i3C coil. In a phantom experiment adequate decoupling was obtained
Low-energy CSMT carry generators and binary adders

This paper presents novel hybrid carry-select modified-tree (CSMT) adder architectures for binary carry generators and adders using multiplexers only. These architectures not only require the fewest number of multiplexers, but also consume the least energy for a specified latency. These architectures are based on a carry-select configuration where each block can be a carry-select or tree or modified-tree block. The modified-tree blocks permit ripple in the carry-generation process; which leads to dramatic reduction in the number of multiplexers as well as power consumption. It is shown that, for a block length W, the carry-select block and the modified-tree block with internal ripple of (log/sub 2/ W-1) multiplexer stages require the same number of multiplexers. This is a powerful result because the longer carry-select blocks can be replaced by the modified-tree blocks without increasing the multiplexer complexity. The advantage of this approach is in reduction of power consumption since the amount of ripple in the carry-select block grows linearly with W, while that in the modified-tree block grows logarithmically with W. It is shown that for fastest adder/subtractor designs, the proposed CSMT architecture can reduce the multiplexer complexity by about 40% for word-lengths ranging from 8 to 32, when compared with known tree approaches. It is shown that, for a certain specified latency and specified number of multiplexers, a family of carry-select and CSMT adders can be designed. It is shown that, for a specified latency, the carry-select adders with larger number of blocks and smaller block lengths consume less power. Through extensive simulations, CSMT adder configurations that minimize energy consumption or power-latency product, which are approximately 5% to 10% less than those of known tree and best carry-select adders, are obtained. Finally, based on novel latency-matching and block-increment techniques introduced in this paper, a systematic design methodology for design of CSMT adders with least latency, least number of multiplexers, and least energy consumption is presented.
LinkedIn and recruitment: how profiles differ across occupations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the elements of a LinkedIn profile that hiring professionals focus on most, and then examine LinkedIn profiles in terms of these identified elements across different industries. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology was comprised of two phases. In the first phase, researchers interviewed hiring professionals to determine their usage of LinkedIn. In the second phase, LinkedIn group member profiles from three industries – HR, sales/marketing and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology – were compared on the 21 variables identified in Phase 1 (n=288). Findings – χ2 and ANOVA tests showed significant differences with respect to ten of the LinkedIn variables in how people presented themselves across the three groups. There were also several gender differences found. Research limitations/implications – A general limitation was the use of a qualitative research approach. A limitation of Phase 1 was that only a small sample of New York City-based hirin...
Paradigm Shift: Why a Focus on Health Is Important

Traditionally, medicine and the social and behavioral sciences have studied health by focusing on pathology. The purpose of this issue of the Journal is to go beyond such a vulnerability model and focus on thriving. We suggest that thriving represents something more than a return to equilibrium following a challenge. This issue describes a “value-added” model, whereby an individual or community may go beyond survival and recovery from a stressor or illness to thrive. We suggest that this change of focus from illness to health represents a paradigm shift. This article gives an overview of the various ideas featured in this issue, which elaborate empirical and theoretical work on the concept of thriving. Ultimately, we believe that the scientific study of thriving can enhance our understanding of health and provide important opportunities for prevention and intervention.
Spontaneous Recovery of Selective IgA Deficiency Additional Case Reports and a Review

Patients with selective IgA deficiency, the most common primary immuno deficiency, occasionally may undergo spontaneous recovery. In this paper we present three additional children whose IgA levels spontaneously returned to normal. All three presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, and one child also had frequent upper respiratory infections. We review other cases of spontaneous IgA deficiency, and the role of exogenous function in its etiology, and possible mechanisms of recovery.
Conformational space annealing by parallel computations: Extensive conformational search of Met‐enkephalin and of the 20‐residue membrane‐bound portion of melittin

A successful implementation of a parallel version of a conformational space annealing (CSA) method is presented. The CSA method, an optimization procedure for conformational energy calculations on polypeptides, searches the whole conformational space in its early stages and then narrows the search to smaller regions with low energy and distinct geometry. By selecting 20 seed conformations that are far from each other in the conformational space, the CSA method generates up to 400 conformations to be minimized independently, thereby allowing very efficient parallel computations to be carried out. When applied to the pentapeptide Met-enkephalin, the global minimum-energy conformation (GMEC) of the ECEPP/3 (Empirical Conformational Energy Program for Peptides) force field was found for all of 600 separate runs after about 35.5 s each, on average, of wall clock time, using 16 processors of an IBM SP2 supercomputer. The GMEC of the 20-residue membrane-bound portion of melittin was also found for all of 24 independent runs. The average wall clock time to find the GMEC of this 20-residue peptide, using 32 processors of an IBM SP2 supercomputer, was about 4.5 h per run. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 75: 255–265, 1999
Observations and model simulations link stomatal inhibition to impaired hydraulic conductance following ozone exposure in cotton

Ozone (O 3 ) inhibits plant gas exchange and productivity. Vapour phase (g s ) and liquid or hydraulic phase (K) conductances to water flux are often correlated as both change with environmental parameters. Exposure of cotton plants to tropospheric O 3 reduces g s through reversible short-term mechanisms and by irreversible long-term disruption of biomass allocation to roots which reduces K. We hypothesize that chronic effects of O 3 on gas exchange can be mediated by effects on K without a direct effect of O 3 on g s or carbon assimilation (A). Experimental observations from diverse field and exposure chamber studies, and simulations with a model of mass and energy transport, support this hypothesis. O 3 inhibition of K leads to realistic simulated diurnal courses of g s that reproduce observations at low ambient O 3 concentration and maintain the positive correlation between midday g s and K observed experimentally at higher O 3 concentrations. Effects mediated by reduced K may interact with more rapid responses of g s and A to yield the observed suite of oxidant impacts on vegetation. The model extends these physiological impacts to the extensive canopy scale. Simulated magnitudes and diurnal time courses of canopy-scale fluxes of H 2 O and O 3 match observations under low ambient concentrations of O 3 . With greater simulated concentrations of O 3 during plant development, the model suggests potential reductions of canopy-scale water fluxes and O 3 deposition. This could represent a potentially unfavourable positive feedback on tropospheric O 3 concentrations associated with biosphere-atmosphere exchange.
The effects of hyposmolality on spinal cord activity.

Abstract The consequences of decreases in osmotic pressure were investigated using the isolated, hemisected frog spinal cord. The lateral column evoked ventral root response (LC-VRR) was depressed by a decrease in osmolality secondary to a decrease in the Na + concentration in the bathing medium. This depression resulted from neither a depression of motoneuronal excitability nor a depression of central axonal conduction but rather from an increased excitability of lateral column terminals. The depression of the LC-VRR and augmentation of the lateral column terminal excitability were reversed by picrotoxin (10- 4 M). Results are discussed in terms of the possible roles of endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and extracellular K + in the effect produced by the hyposmotic (low Na + ) media.
Time resolved calcium microdomains and synaptic transmission

The time course for the calcium entry that triggers release was studied at the squid giant synapse by imaging light emission from n-aequorin-J intracellularly injected into the presynaptic terminal. The imaging utilized a video system capable of acquiring 4000 frames per second. The results indicate that the calcium entry triggered by action potentials reaches a peak within 200 microseconds and has an overall duration of close to 800 microseconds, closely matching the duration of the presynaptic calcium current determined by voltage clamp results under similar conditions.
Interpersonal Reasons for Interpersonal Perceptions: Gender-incongruent Purpose Goals and Nonverbal Judgment Accuracy

Women’s tendency to outperform men on measures of accuracy in interpreting the meaning of nonverbal behavior might be due to such measures being more congruent with women’s interpersonal goals than men’s. The present study examined undergraduate men’s and women’s (N = 41) nonverbal judgment accuracy on the Interpersonal Perception Task-15 (IPT-15; Costanzo & Archer, 1993 [.The interpersonal perception task-15 (IPT-15). Berkeley: University of California Center for Media and Independent Learning) when the purpose for using their judgment skills was manipulated to be either congruent or incongruent with stereotypic “masculine” and “feminine” interpersonal goals. Results showed that each gender was at a relative disadvantage in judgment accuracy in the gender-incongruent goal conditions: women were relatively less accurate when they thought the IPT-15 measured judgment skills of use to interrogators in the military, whereas men were relatively less accurate when they thought the IPT-15 measured judgment skills of use to social workers in the social services. Discussion centers on the importance of matching individuals’ interpersonal goals to the purpose goals of the measure when using measures of interpersonal sensitivity.
On the Quantization of Line-Drawing Data

This paper describes the development of a criterion for the quantization of line-drawing data. The criterion provides a guide for selecting the quantization fineness required to assure that the significant features of given line-drawing data will be preserved in the quantization process. The criterion is based on viewing a line drawing as an elastic beam under flexure and selecting a quantization grid size that is fine enough to permit the line drawing to be represented by a beam of minimum strain energy. In this model, regions of sharp curvature of the line drawing correspond to regions of high strain-energy density of the elastic beam. The smoothest possible curve that can be reconstructed from a quantized representation is the minimum-energy curve that satisfies the constraints of the quantized data.
Synthesis and characterization of Ag–TiO2–CNT nanoparticle composites with high photocatalytic activity under artificial light

Abstract Carbon nanotube (CNT)-modified silver titania (Ag–TiO2) nanoparticle composites were synthesized by photochemical reduction. Characterization of the composites was performed using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that TiO2 particles were uniformly distributed on CNTs, and the silver particles were decorated on the surface of the TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of Ag–TiO2–CNT nanoparticle composites synthesized with various concentrations of CNTs was investigated using methylene blue (MB) dye solution. Adsorption and recovery of MB showed that Ag–TiO2–CNT nanoparticle composites have a higher absorption efficiency than unadorned CNTs. The higher absorption demonstrates a synergistic effect between the CNTs and silver titania. Overall, novel photocatalytic nanoparticle composites that adsorb organic molecules, absorb light energy, and separate long-lived electron–hole pairs through spatial separation were developed. Minimization of electron–hole recombination allows efficient transfer of photochemical energy which affects the redox chemistry across the interfaces in the composites. The new composites were designed for environmental cleanup of organic pollutants.
Electrical conductance and dielectric constant of the interior of erythrocytes.

THE electrical conductivity of an electrolyte is determined by its ion concentration. The effect of dispersed solid particles of a comparatively low conductance, such as proteins, can be taken into account using formulae given by Maxwell1 and Fricke2. Hence, an analysis of the electrical conductivity of the cell interior should provide information about the organization of its protoplasm.
Adsorption of cationic and anionic surfactants on natural and synthetic carbonate materials.

Abstract Adsorption of cationic and anionic surfactants on carbonate materials is investigated in this study. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are chosen as typical cationic and anionic surfactants, respectively. It is found that the cationic CPC exhibits negligible adsorption on synthetic calcite in deionized water compared with the adsorption of the anionic SDS. However, a substantial amount of adsorption of CPC is observed on natural carbonates, such as dolomite and limestone. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals that that a substantial amount of silicon and aluminum exists in natural dolomite and limestone but not in synthetic calcite. The adsorption plateau of CPC on carbonates highly depends on the silicon composition in the carbonate samples due to the strong electrostatic interaction between CPC and negative binding sites in silica and/or clay. The adsorption of CPC on natural carbonates is reduced in the presence of 1 atm CO2 compared with the case under 1 atm air, while SDS precipitates out of the solution under 1 atm CO2 due to its intolerance to divalent ions released from the carbonate surface as a result of CO2 acidification.
Infantile cortical hyperostosis, Caffey's disease, involving two cousins

Two cases of infantile cortical hyperostosis are presented in the hope of eliciting word of increased incidence seen by others. These two children are cousins born within 24 h of each other in separate cities, and their disease followed similar clinical courses. Their 14-year-old maternal uncle appeared to have had symptoms identical to those of Caffey's disease at three months of age. The apparent immunity of premature infants to infantile cortical hyperostosis is a previously unnoticed feature that we have come across in reviewing the literature. In analyzing the many theories proposed by different investigators as the pathogenesis of Caffey's disease, the following conclusions are reached. I) Multiple causal factors may have to combine to produce Caffey's disease. II) There may be a spectrum of Caffey's diseases with different pathogeneses. III) Should the incidence of infantile cortical hyperstosis increase, all the previously suspected causal factors must be reexamined.
Induction time for crystal growth

Abstract An expression is derived for the induction time for crystal growth. It is shown that this induction time is not uniquely determined, and is dependent on experimental conditions. Induction time for crystal growth, unlike the induction time for nucleation, becomes unbounded if defined rigorously.
The Visibility of Oil-Water Discharges

ABSTRACT Oil Spills: Controlled oil films from 15 through 3000 nanometers (3 microns) thick show reflectance and interference color effects that vary in an orderly way with film thickness, and that agree with the well-known table published by the American Petroleum Institute. This inherent appearance depends only upon local film thickness and is independent of oil type. Visibility of a given film is variable and is affected by ambient factors that include sky conditions, water surface state, and the depth and color of the water. Oil-Water Discharges: Controlled streams of 25 to 100 gpm, containing 5 to 250 ppm of oil, were discharged into Raritan Bay from a 65-foot vessel. Discharge points were above the surface or 2 to 5 feet below the surface, with the vessel an anchor in tidal currents, simulating a fixed source in a low current. Above-surface discharges were also made with the vessel underway at 6 to 15 knots. The visibility and appearance of films resulting from the discharges were recorded from the ...
Endogenous restoration of noradrenaline by precursor therapy in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency.

Abstract DL-dihydroxyphenylserine was given by mouth in a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial to two patients with orthostatic hypotension due to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, in the hope of providing noradrenaline by endogenous decarboxylation. Dose-dependent increases in blood pressure were obtained over the range 150-600 mg. After 600 mg mean arterial pressure rose 33 and 19 mm Hg and these rises were tightly correlated with an increase in plasma noradrenaline (r=0.995, p
Generalized Clifford algebras: Orthogonal and symplectic cases

The concept of the Clifford algebra of a bilinear form defined on a vector space, is generalized to include both orthogonal and symplectic forms. This new characterization is intimately tied to a particular anti-automorphism defined on the algebras which in the orthogonal case, provides a unified approach to the reversion and principle anti-involutions of an ordinary Clifford algebra. Most attention is concentrated on the physically important symplectic Clifford algebras, including the link between these and Lie superalgebras.
Characterization of nuclear acceptor sites for mammalian progesterone receptor: comparison with the chick oviduct system.

Abstract We performed binding studies with hamster uterine progesterone receptor (Rp) and various chromatin-cellulose preparations to determine whether Rp acceptor sites exist in mammalian uterus analogous to those observed in the chick oviduct. Chick and hamster Rp acceptor site assays were done according to the method of Spelsberg et al. [(1983) Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 39 , 463–513]. Hamster Rp bound to hamster uterine chromatin-cellulose, NAP-cellulose (a 4 M guanidine hydrochloride-extracted fraction) and DNA-cellulose in a manner similar to that observed in the chick oviduct. Hamster Rp binding was tissue specific as evidenced by higher Rp binding to target-tissue vs non-target-tissue chromatin. The greatest degree of Rp binding occurred in the NAP fraction, and the higher level of binding seen in NAP-chromatin as compared with that in crude chromatin may be attributed to extraction of “masking proteins” which inhibit Rp-chromosomal protein interactions. When guanidine hydrochloride at >4 M was used to extract crude chromatin, Rp binding decreased, indicating that the Rp acceptor sites were removed or denatured. These findings demonstrate the existence of Rp acceptor sites in the mammalian uterus which are similar to avian oviduct acceptor sites, suggesting that such sites may play a role in mediating Rp-induced gene expression.
Values and vegetarianism : an exploratory analysis

The American diet has changed substantially over the last few decades. These changes provide a test for social theory and have substantial effects on the demand for various food products, thus impacting U.S. agriculture. In this paper a rapidly growing dietary choice—vegetarianism—is explored. Prevalence of various forms of vegetarianism is estimated in a representative sample of a suburban population and factors that influence choice of a vegetarian diet are examined. About 7 percent of the sample report they are vegetarians. The prevalence of vegetarianism is not influenced by age, gender, or education, but individuals holding traditional values are less likely to be vegetarian than others. There also is some evidence mat individuals holding altruistic values are more likely than others to be vegetarians.
The formation of oxalic acid from the side chain of aromatic amino acids in the rat.

Abstract 1. 1. 14C from DL-[I -14C]tryptophan and DL [2-14C]tryptophan was incorporated into urinary oxalate of intact rats about the same extent, but DL -[3-14C]tryptophan did not label urinary oxalate. The incorporation of 14C from DL [2-14C]alanine into oxalate was only about 1 50 of that from DL -[2-14C]tryptophan. 2. 2. When sodium benzoate was given to rats together with either DL -[2-14C]-tryptophan or DL -[3-14C]tryptophan, the specific activities of the hippurate isolated from the urine were about equal, indicating that glyoxylate is not an intermediate in the major pathway by which oxalate arises from the side chain of tryptophan. 3. 3. The two terminal carbon atoms, but not the methylene carbon, of the side chain of [14C]tryptophan labeled oxalate when the amino acid was incubated with snake venom L -amino-acid oxidase [EC 1.4.3.2]. However, decarboxylation by auto-oxidation of the indolepyruvate thus formed was much more rapid than oxalate formation. 4. 4. DL -[2-14C]tyrosine and DL -[2-14C]phenylalanine also labeled oxalate when given to intact rats or after incubation with L -amino acid oxidase. 5. 5. The quantity of oxalate derived from the side chain moiety of the three aromatic amino acids tested was estimated to be less than 3% of the total oxalic acid excreted by the normal rat.
Machine parameter selection for turning with constraints: an analytical approach based on geometric programming

This paper describes the design and development of an analytical tool for the selection of machine parameters in turning. The problem is to determine values for machine speed and feed that minimize the total cost of machining; specifically the costs associated with machining time and cutting tool wear. Geometric programming is used as the basic methodology, and the solution approach for the selection of machine parameters is based on an analysis of the complementary slackness conditions and realistic machining conditions. The quality of the solution is illustrated on several examples and compared to solutions obtained by some optimization methods proposed in the literature. In general, our technique is simple and straightforward and indicates how sensitive the solution is to the machine power consumed and surface finish attained.
Phylogeny and classification of Voyria (Saprophytic Gentianaceae)

A cladistic analysis of the saprophytic genus Voyria Aubl. (Gentianaceae) was performed to evaluate infrageneric classification, character evolution, and biogeography. A matrix of 19 species of Voyria and 39 morphological characters yielded three most-parsimonious trees, one of which was identical to their strict consensus. The major division within Voyria based on character support is also the rooting point suggested by a larger cladistic analysis of gentians. We have chosen to treat these distinct clades as two new subgenera, Voyria subgen. Voyria Aubl. and Voyria subgen. Leiphaimos (Schltdl. & Cham.) V. A. Albert & L. Struwe, stat. nov. Concerning character evolution, Voyria subgen. Voyria (5 spp.) is the most similar to other Gentianaceae. The saprophytic condition is more advanced in Voyria subgen. Leiphaimos (14 spp.), in which stomates and a continuous vascular cylinder are lacking. Within subgen. Leiphaimos, trends toward extreme vascular reduction and wind-mediated seed dispersal are evident. The extensive character evolution observed within Voyria as a whole may correlate with relaxation of autotrophic structural constraints. Optimization of an area of distribution character on the cladograms obtained suggests that Guayana (and therefore northern South America) may represent the most ancestral area for extant Voyria.
Categorization and determinants of physical activity among nursing students

Background: Emerging literature characterizing physical activity among student nurses suggests the majority (78%) are not meeting physical activity guidelines recommended accumulation of 30 min or more of moderate-intensity physical activity 5 day/week or 20 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity on 3 days per week to promote health. Academic stress is known to influence health through its direct physiological effect and its indirect effect via altered health behaviors and can have detrimental effects on both academic performance and health among nursing students. Determinants of physical activity are necessary to design appropriate and targeted interventions. Methods: Eighty-five (68F/17M) aged 21 – 48 (± 0.6 yrs), pre-licensure (bachelor [BS]), master entry clinical nurse (MECN) and advanced practice nurse (APN) students were part of a cross-sectional study to establish a baseline understanding of the status of health of the student population and then explored for subgroup differences. A convenience sample of BS, MECN and APN students were invited to take part in the study. These three cohorts were chosen because of their availability in university at the time of data collection. Physical activity was determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Determinants of physical activity were determined utilizing the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and the Transtheoretical Model. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square and correlational analysis of the variables were determined. Results: Baccalaureate students comprised 68.4% of the low physical activity category compared to 62.5% of APN students in the moderate category. Stage of change and self-efficacy exercise values did not differ between groups. Among BS students, low ratings of life satisfaction, 36.8% mild/moderate depression values and higher days of alcohol consumption were reported with BS students reporting +1.73 drinks/week ( p < .05). Conclusions: Baccalaureate students may be unaware of health-promotion strategies. Nursing school provides a forum for health promotion interventions during a critical stage of personal and professional development. Faculty members educating the next generation of nurses have a responsibility to create a healthy environment and provide students the tools and resources to develop self-care strategies.
Biogenesis of Oxalate in Plant Tissues

Red beet root discs aerated in potassium phosphate for 2 to 3 days and young spinach leaves actively produce oxalate. A series of labeled compounds was supplied to each of these tissues to determine the extent of conversion to oxalate. Similar results were obtained with the 2 tissues except that in the leaf tissue glyoxylate and glycolate were outstandingly good precursors. Carbon from glucose, acetate, and particularly from some acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle was recovered in oxalate. Extracts from both tissues were found to contain an enzyme which converts oxaloacetate to oxalate and acetate. The enzyme was partially purified and some of its properties are described. A pathway of oxalate synthesis which does not include glycolate or its oxidase is therefore proposed.
Determination of the magnetic ground state of a polycrystalline compound based on susceptibility measurements

The diruthenium compound [Ru2(O2CMe)4]3[Cr(CN)6] contains two interpenetrating sublattices that behave like giant antiferromagnetically-coupled moments with strong anisotropy. The preferred orientations of the total moment of each sublattice are determined from susceptibility measurements on a polycrystalline sample. In agreement with previous mean-field calculations for the magnetic ground state, the fits to the experimental magnetization imply that the sublattice moments are restricted to cubic diagonals rather than the cubic axis or the edge diagonals. The parameterization of the sublattice susceptibility indicates that the sublattice spin states are more distorted when they are aligned antiparallel.
Mechanisms of pathogenesis: evasion of killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Few microorganisms evade killing by neutrophils. Summarized here are the mechanisms used by Yersinia, group A streptococci, Helicobacter, Ehrlichia and Francisella to block phagocytosis, disrupt phagosome maturation or perturb the respiratory burst. Also discussed are mechanisms used by neutrophils to control organisms that replicate inside macrophages.
Molybdenum Field Emitters with Integrated Focusing Electrode

Arrays of molybdenum field emission cones with integrated focusing electrode (IFE-FEA) were studied as a potential device structure for Field Emission Displays (FED) that achieve high brightness, high luminous efficiency, and longer lifetime, without loss of resolution. First, an analytical model for the double-gated conical field emitter was developed and was used for device design. Devices were fabricated and subjected to extensive electrical and some optical testing. The desired focusing effect was observed.
Th-N-O phase diagram

Abstract Phase boundaries in the Th-ThO 2 -Th 3 N 4 phase region were determined micrographically. The monotectic previously reported to exist in the binary Th-ThO 2 system is concluded to exist only at temperatures of 2800 °C and above and at nitrogen atom fractions of less than 0.1. With increasing temperature, solubility of ThN in ThO 2 at the ThO 2 -ThN pseudobinary first becomes detectable (ca. 0.5 mole percent ThN) at about 2550 °C. The solubility increases with increasing temperature and reaches the value of 10 mole % ThN in 100 torr nitrogen at 2660 ± 50 ° C . Molar solubilities of Th and ThO 2 in ThN (coexisting with thorium and ThO 2 ) are substantially equal and range from 0.02 mole % at 1600 °C to 0.06 mole % at 2100 °C to zero at 2600 °C and above. A ternary peritectic reaction is postulated to occur at 1760 ± 40 ° C involving the phases ThO 2 , ThN, β-Th, and liquid. A ternary eutectic reaction occurs at 1690 °C between the phases ThO 2 , liquid, and postulated nitrogen-rich β-Th and nitrogen-lean β'-Th phases at the atom fractions of X o = 0.04, X N = 0.015, and X Th = 0.945.
Hypothyroidism presenting as acute cardiac tamponade with viral pericarditis

This report describes the case of a young woman who presented to an emergency department with severe abdominal pain and shock. The patient was found to have pericardial tamponade due to a massive pericardial effusion. On further evaluation, the etiology of this effusion was considered to be secondary to hypothyroidism with concominant acute viral pericarditis leading to a fulminant tamponade. The presentation, differential diagnosis, and management of pericardial effusion and tamponade secondary to hypothyroidism and viral pericarditis are discussed. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism in conjunction with acute viral pericarditis should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained pericardial effusion and tamponade.
Solid-state NMR structural measurements on the membrane-associated influenza fusion protein ectodomain.

Enveloped viruses such as HIV and influenza virus (IFV) are enclosed by a membrane which is obtained from an infected host cell. Infection of a new cell begins with joining or “fusion” of the viral and host cell membranes with an end result of a single membrane and the viral nucleocapsid in the host cell cytoplasm. Although membrane fusion is thermodynamically allowed, the rates of uncatalyzed membrane fusion are typically small. For this reason, enveloped viruses have fusion proteins in their membranes that bind to the host cell membranes and catalyze fusion. 1 This paper describes studies of a large and functional domain of the IFV hemagglutinin (HA) fusion protein and includes bacterial expression and isotopic labeling of the protein, characterization of its folding and fusion activity, and membrane incorporation and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) structural measurements. The HA protein is composed of HA1 and HA2 subunits. HA1 lies completely outside the virus, while HA2 has a 185 residue N-terminal ectodomain that lies outside the virus, a 25 residue transmembrane domain, and a 10 residue C-terminal endodomain that is inside the virus. 2 The IFV is taken into the host respiratory epithelial cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis, and the cell physiological processes lower the pH of the endosome to 5. The HA1 and HA2 subunits dissociate, and a large HA2 structural change results in exposure of the 20 residue N-terminal “fusion peptide” (IFP) region. The IFP binds to endosomal membranes, and membrane fusion occurs. There has been a pH 7.5 structure of the HA1/HA2 ectodomain complex crystallized from aqueous solution and a pH 4.4 structure of residues 34-178 of HA2 that forms the “soluble ectodomain” (SHA2) and which was also crystallized from aqueous solution. 2,3 In addition, there have been liquid-state NMR structures of IFP in detergent micelles as well as electron spin resonance measurements of motion and membrane insertion of specific residues of IFP and of a HA2 construct composed of residues 1-127. 4,5 The present work is on a “FHA2” full ectodomain construct composed of residues 1-185 of HA2 and an eight residue C-terminal tag (Figure 1A). SSNMR has the potential for providing high-resolution structural information for FHA2 in the physiologically relevant membrane-bound state and for addressing structural effects of factors that reduce fusion activity including neutral pH and mutations.
Efficient collection of single photons emitted from a trapped ion into a single-mode fiber for scalable quantum-information processing

Interference and coincidence detection of two photons emitted by two remote ions can lead to an entangled state, which is a critical resource for scalable quantum-information processing. Currently the success probabilities of experimental realizations of this protocol are mainly limited by low coupling efficiency of a photon emitted by an ion into a single-mode fiber. Here we consider two strategies to enhance the collection probability of a photon emitted from a trapped Yb{sup +} ion, using analytic methods that can be easily applied to other types of ions or neutral atoms. Our analysis shows that we can achieve fiber coupling efficiency of over 30% with an optical cavity made of a flat fiber tip and a spherical mirror. We also investigate ways to increase the fiber coupling efficiency using high-numerical-aperture optics, and show that collection probability of over 15% is possible with proper control of aberration.
The Ten Most-Cited Papers in Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting: 2009 versus 2011

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the ten papers from the Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting with the most Google Scholar citations. I find that nine out of ten papers from the 2009 list are on this 2011 list, suggesting that the most-cited papers are a relatively stable set at this time. Further, I find that the ten most-cited papers account for roughly 70 percent of the citations for the journal, to-date. Finally, over the last two years eight of the ten most-cited have at least as many citations as they did over the first five years of the journal and, for that eight, there were twice as many citations from 2009 to 2011, as there were from 2004 to 2009.
Connexin 43 Downregulation and Dephosphorylation in Nonischemic Heart Failure Is Associated With Enhanced Colocalized Protein Phosphatase Type 2A

In nonischemic heart failure (HF), ventricular tachycardia initiates by a nonreentrant mechanism, but there is altered conduction (that could lead to re-entry) that could arise from changes in gap junctional proteins, especially connexin43 (Cx43). We studied Cx43 expression and phosphorylation state in the left ventricle (LV) from an arrhythmogenic rabbit model of nonischemic HF and from patients with HF attributable to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. We also investigated the role of protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate Cx43--PP1 and PP2A. In HF rabbit LV, Cx43 mRNA and total protein were decreased by 29% and 34%, respectively (P 2.5-fold (P<0.002), whereas colocalized PP1 was unchanged. We also found intercellular coupling (assessed by Lucifer Yellow dye transfer) was markedly reduced in HF. However, okadaic acid (10 nmol/L) reduced the amount of Cx43-NP and significantly improved cell coupling in HF. Thus, in nonischemic HF in rabbits and humans, there is a decrease in both Cx43 expression and phosphorylation that contributes to uncoupling. Increased levels of PP2A that colocalize with Cx43 can underlie enhanced levels of Cx43-NP in HF. Modulation of Cx43 phosphorylation may be a potential therapeutic target to improve conduction in HF.
Complexity theory and models for social networks

Much work in complexity theory employs agent-based models in simulations of systems of multiple agents. Agent interaction follows some standard types of network topologies. My aim is to assess how recent advances in the statistical modeling of social networks may contribute to agent-based modeling traditions, specifically, by providing structural characterizations of a variety of network topologies. I illustrate the points by reference to a computational model for the evolution of cooperation among agents embedded in neighborhoods and by reference to complex, real social networks defined by the ties of political support between US Senators as revealed through ties of cosponsorship of legislation.
Tensile Creep of Alumina‐Silicon Carbide “Nanocomposites”

The tensile creep behavior of an (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiC) nanocomposite that contains 5 vol% of 0.15 {micro}m SiC particles is examined in air under constant-load conditions. For a stress level of 100 MPa and in the temperature range of 1,200--1,300 C, the SiC reduces the creep rate of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} by 2--3 orders of magnitude. In contrast to Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, the nanocomposite exhibits no primary or secondary stages, with only tertiary creep being observed. Microstructural examination reveals extensive cavitation that is associated with SiC particles that are located at the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} grain boundaries. Failure of the nanocomposite occurs via growth of subcritical cracks that are nucleated preferentially at the gauge corners. A modified test procedure enables creep lifetimes to be estimated and compared with creep rupture data. Several possible roles of the SiC particles are considered, including (1) chemical alteration of the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} grain boundaries, (2) retarded diffusion along the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiC interface, and (3) inhibition of the accommodation process (either grain-boundary sliding or grain-boundary migration).
Experiences of U.S. military couples during the post-deployment transition Applying the relational turbulence model

Although many military couples eagerly await reunion after deployment, the reentry of service members into family life can be challenging. This study employed the relational turbulence model to identify the issues facing military couples during the post-deployment transition. Individuals who had been reunited with their romantic partner during the past six months (N = 259; 137 service members, 122 partners) completed an online questionnaire. Content analytic results indicated that people encounter diverse changes to their relationship (RQ1), issues of relational uncertainty (RQ2), and interference in their daily routines (RQ3). Women, at-home partners, and reservist couples appear especially likely to encounter upheaval (RQ4). The relational turbulence model may have utility for illuminating the experiences of military couples upon reintegration.
Generalizations of barlett's and hartley's tests of homogeneity using “overall variability”

The generalized variance plays on important and useful role as a measure to compare overall variability of different populations in biological sciences (Goodman, 1968; Kocherlakota and Kocherlakota, 1983; Sokai, 1965). Here we present simple and elegant multivariate analogues to Bartlett's and Hartley's tests of homogeneity. Large sample distributions of the statistics are presented and the practical usefulness of the tests are demonstrated throught several examples.
Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) brain cells respond to hyperosmotic challenge by inducing myo -inositol biosynthesis

Summary This study aimed to determine the regulation of the de novo myo -inositol biosynthetic (MIB) pathway in Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) brain following acute (25 parts per thousand (ppt)) and chronic (30, 60, 90ppt) salinity acclimations. The MIB pathway plays an important role in cells for accumulating the compatible osmolyte, myo -inositol, in response to hyperosmotic challenge and consists of two enzymes, myo -inositol phosphate synthase and inositol monophosphatase. In tilapia brain, MIB enzyme transcriptional regulation was found to robustly increase in a time (acute acclimation) or dose (chronic acclimation) dependent manner. Blood plasma osmolality, Na + , and Cl - concentrations were also measured and found to significantly increase in response to both acute and chronic salinity challenges. Interestingly, highly significant positive correlations were found between MIB enzyme mRNA and blood plasma osmolality in both acute and chronic salinity acclimations. Additionally, a mass spectrometry assay was established and used to quantify total myo -inositol concentration in tilapia brain, which closely mirrored the hyperosmotic MIB pathway induction. Thus, myo -inositol is a major compatible osmolyte that is accumulated in brain cells when exposed to acute and chronic hyperosmotic challenge. These data show that the MIB pathway is highly induced in response to environmental salinity challenge in tilapia brain and that this induction is likely prompted by increases in blood plasma osmolality. Because the MIB pathway uses glucose-6-phsosphate as a substrate and large amounts of myo -inositol are being synthesized, our data also illustrate that the MIB pathway likely contributes to the high energetic demand posed by salinity challenge.
A Convex Upper Bound on the Log-Partition Function for Binary Distributions

We consider the problem of bounding from above the log-partition function corresponding to second-order Ising models for binary distributions. We introduce a new bound, the cardinality bound, which can be computed via convex optimization. The corresponding error on the logpartition function is bounded above by twice the distance, in model parameter space, to a class of “standard” Ising models, for which variable inter-dependence is described via a simple mean field term. In the context of maximum-likelihood, using the new bound instead of the exact log-partition function, while constraining the distance to the class of standard Ising models, leads not only to a good approximation to the log-partition function, but also to a model that is parsimonious, and easily interpretable. We compare our bound with the log-determinant bound introduced by Wainwright and Jordan (2006), and show that when the l1-norm of the model parameter vector is small enough, the latter is outperformed by the new bound.
A Pi-calculus formalism for discrete event simulation

This paper presents PiDES, a formalism for discrete event simulation based on pi-calculus. PiDES provides a rigorous semantics of behavior modeling and coordination for simulation federates. The capability of PiDES is demonstrated by translating a generalized semi-Markov process formalism into PiDES specification. The usage of PiDES is illustrated through a case study of a flexible manufacturing system consisting of two machines, two parts, and a robot. The major advantages of PiDES are discussed, which include: a) a complete set of semantics for both modeling and execution; b) supporting parallel and distributed simulation; c) adaptive modeling; d) rich coordination semantics for developing large simulation systems; and finally e) a formalism that can be used for agent-based simulation. An implementation of PiDES using Java programming language is also provided.
Effects of Visibility between Speaker and Listener on Gesture Production: Some Gestures Are Meant to Be Seen

Abstract Do speakers gesture to benefit their listeners? This study examined whether speakers use gestures differently when those gestures have the potential to communicate and when they do not. Participants watched an animated cartoon and narrated the cartoon story to a listener in two parts: one part in normal face-to-face interaction and one part with visibility between speaker and listener blocked by a screen. The session was videotaped with a hidden camera. Gestures were identified and classified into two categories: representational gestures, which are gestures that depict semantic content related to speech by virtue of handshape, placement, or motion, and beat gestures, which are simple, rhythmic gestures that do not convey semantic content. Speakers produced representational gestures at a higher rate in the face-to-face condition; however, they continued to produce some representational gestures in the screen condition, when their listeners could not see the gestures. Speakers produced beat gestures at comparable rates under both conditions. The findings suggest that gestures serve both speaker-internal and communicative functions.