cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The temporal orientation of memory: It's time for a change of direction

Abstract Common wisdom, philosophical analysis and psychological research share the view that memory is subjectively positioned toward the past: specifically, memory enables one to become re-acquainted with the objects and events of his or her past. In this paper I call this assumption into question. As I hope to show, memory has been designed by natural selection not to relive the past, but rather to anticipate and plan for future contingencies – a decidedly future-oriented mode of subjective temporality. This is not to say memory makes no reference to the past. But, I argue, past-oriented subjectivity is a by-product of a system designed by natural selection to help us face and respond to the “now and the next”. I discuss the implications of the proposed temporal realignment for research agendas as well as the potential limitations of measures designed to explore memory by focusing on its retentive capabilities.
Toracotomía de emergencia: una evaluación crítica de la técnica

Resumen Objetivo Analisis de la bibliografia y del estado actual de la toracotomia de emergencia. Obtencion de los datos Revision de la bibliografia, desde las primeras experiencias en su utilizacion hasta los estudios mas recientes en el area. Resultados Desde su introduccion en la decada de los sesenta, su uso se ha extendido de forma considerable y forma parte de los protocolos de reanimacion cardiopulmonar en todos los centros de politraumatizados norteamericanos. En 42 series analizadas sobre toracotomia de emergencia se hallaron 7.035 procedimientos, de los cuales sobrevivieron 551 (7,8%). Segun el mecanismo de lesion, se realizaron 4.482 toracotomias por lesiones penetrantes, de las que sobrevivieron 500 pacientes (11,1%), y 2.193 toracotomias por lesiones contusas, de las que sobrevivieron 35 (1,6%). En las 14 series que comunicaban el pronostico neurologico se registraron 4.520 pacientes con 226 sobrevivientes (5%), de los que 34 (15%) presentaban secuelas neurologicas. Ademas, de 1.165 pacientes con lesiones cardiacas penetrantes hubo 363 (31,1%) supervivientes. Por ultimo, de 4 series sobre poblacion pediatrica se hallaron 142 pacientes, de los cuales 57 fueron por lesiones penetrantes, con una tasa de supervivencia del 12,2%. Conclusion Es una tecnica muy util para el cirujano, que debe emplearse de forma prudente y juiciosa, y con indicaciones muy estrictas, ya que su uso de forma indiscriminada lleva asociada una elevada tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad. A pesar de estos riesgos, es una maniobra util y con frecuencia la ultima esperanza para muchos pacientes que llegan a los servicios de urgencias en condiciones extremas, y debe practicarse por cirujanos apropiadamente entrenados en esta tecnica.
Accuracy and Biases in Newlyweds' Perceptions of Each Other Not Mutually Exclusive but Mutually Beneficial

There has been a long-standing debate about whether having accurate self-perceptions or holding positive illusions of self is more adaptive. This debate has recently expanded to consider the role of accuracy and bias of partner perceptions in romantic relationships. In the present study, we hypothesized that because accuracy, positivity bias, and similarity bias are likely to serve distinct functions in relationships, they should all make independent contributions to the prediction of marital satisfaction. In a sample of 288 newlywed couples, we tested this hypothesis by simultaneously modeling the actor effects and partner effects of accuracy, positivity bias, and similarity bias in predicting husbands' and wives' satisfaction. Findings across several perceptual domains suggest that all three perceptual indices independently predicted the perceiver's satisfaction. Accuracy and similarity bias, but not positivity bias, made unique contributions to the target's satisfaction. No sex differences were found.
Clinical and pathological differences between human immunodeficiency virus-positive and human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with plasmablastic lymphoma.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a distinct variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially described in HIV-positive patients. Several studies have reported the occurrence of PBL in HIV-negative patients, but comparative data are lacking. The goal of this study was to compare the characteristics of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with PBL. A MEDLINE search was undertaken through August 2009 for cases of PBL in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Cases were identified and clinicopathological data were gathered. χ2 was used to compare categorical and t-test to compare continuous variables between groups. Calculated Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional-hazard regression was used for multivariate analysis. From 228 identified cases of PBL, 157 were HIV-positive and 71 HIV-negative. HIV-positive patients were younger, and more likely to be men, present with oral involvement, respond to chemotherapy, and express CD20, CD56, and EBV-encoded RNA tha...
The Origins of Religious Stratification in Colonial America

Religious stratification occurs when religion is institutionalized in the laws and/or customs of society as a criterion for the allocation of social positions and their attendant rewards. The result is a relatively stable ranking of religious groups in terms of their access to power, privilege, and prestige. In this article, we examine the social processes that contributed to the emergence of religious stratification in colonial America. Following Weber (1946), Lenski (1966), and Noel (1968), we use a “modified fair shares” theory that highlights the importance of three contributing influences: religious prejudice, competition, and differential power. After explaining the role played by each of these factors, we document the existence and enduring nature of religious stratification in the colonies. The evidence includes data on the religious establishments that arose in some colonies, other regulations governing access to scarce resources (such as the right to vote and hold public office), and differential access to economic and political power based on religious adherence. We conclude with observations about the need for further research on religious stratification in America.
Implementing the Science Teaching Standards Through Complex Instruction: A Case Study of Two Teacher‐Researchers

In this case study, an “interpretive collaborative” methodology is applied. The experiences of two elementary teacher-researchers are described, as they explore science teaching and learning in their two nongraded primary classrooms through the process of complex instruction. This study involves three strands: the theoretical base of complex instruction, the on-going collaboration between two experienced teachers, and the Science Teaching Standards in relation to complex instruction. Findings suggest that, because the teacher's role in conducting complex instruction activities is multifaceted and complex, successful implementation of complex instruction and the National Science Education Standards required ongoing collaboration and support among teachers. The teacher-researchers reported that it was their collegial relationship that encouraged them to explore, prepare, and implement inquiry activities or tasks for their students.
On the equivalence of uniform circular arrays and uniform linear arrays

The problem of estimating the directions of arrivals of narrowband plane waves impinging on a uniform circular array with N identical sensors uniformly distributed around a circle is considered. It is shown that for this problem the uniform circular array is equivalent to a uniform linear array with N elements. Specifically, if the number of sensors N is odd and large enough then a linear combination of the inverse discrete Fourier transform of the sensor outputs yields a sequence of measurements z(n)= Sigma A/sub m/ exp(jn theta m), where theta /sub m/ is the angle of arrival of the mth plane wave. This sequence can then be processed using ROOT MUSIC or any other modern line spectral estimation technique as if it came from a uniform linear array. An advantage of using the transformed sequence is that it has a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the array output sequence. >
Increased gap junction assembly between cultured cells upon cholesterol supplementation

Novikoff hepatoma cells provide an excellent model system for the study of gap junction assembly, a process that could be influenced by lipids and other factors at numerous points. Since it is possible to alter the cellular levels of cholesterol in these cells, it was added to the cells in serum-supplemented medium and changes in gap junction assembly were evaluated. Cells were dissociated and reaggregated following exposure to a range of cholesterol concentrations for 24 h. A five- to sixfold increase in the number of aggregated gap junction particles and a 50% increase in cellular cholesterol content were observed with 20 microM added cholesterol. A 1-h exposure to added cholesterol, during cell reaggregation, resulted in a fourfold increase in the number of aggregated gap junction particles, demonstrating that the effect was rapid. The number of aggregated gap junction particles and formation plaque areas were used as measures of junction assembly and assayed by quantitative freeze-fracture and electron microscopy. Junctional permeabilities were evaluated by means of dye transfer times following the intracellular microinjection of Lucifer Yellow. Increased dye transfer was observed between cholesterol-treated cells, which suggested that the increase in assembly was accompanied by an increase in junction permeability. Cells were treated with cycloheximide (100 micrograms ml-1) and actinomycin D (10 micrograms ml-1) to determine whether protein and RNA syntheses were involved in the enhanced gap junction assembly. Cycloheximide but not actinomycin D blocked the increased junction assembly observed with added cholesterol. These results suggested that protein synthesis, but not RNA synthesis, is necessary for the increased gap junction formation observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language, Handedness, and Primate Brains: Did the Australopithecines Sign?

Evidence from comparative primate neuroanatomy, archaeology, and studies of vocalization systems of nonhuman primates suggests that human vocal language has a long evolutionary history and that there is continuity between our early primate ancestors' call systems and human speech. Old World monkeys exhibit cerebral asymmetries similar to those that appear related to human language. If arboreal monkeylike ancestors of humans were also characterized by cerebral asymmetry, then the fundamental asymmetry that forms the neurological substrate for human language may have been established through selection for simple “discrete” call systems in an arboreal habitat and would have occurred much longer ago than previously thought. The eventual shift from an arboreal to a terrestrial habitat was accompanied by increased complexity (“gradation”) of vocal communication systems. The archaeological record of tools suggests that communication systems became still more complex under the selective pressures that led to bipedalism and that language had been selected for by the time that bipedalism was achieved. Contrary to the gestural hypothesis, right-handedness (which could not have preceded freeing of the hands) succeeded speech and may have been due to selective pressures for increased complexity of communication, causing a Field Effect upon the brain. [australopithecine, cerebral asymmetry, language, primate brains, right-handedness]
Periodic Entrainment in Head Accelerometer Signals from Seated Human Subjects

Possible cardiac linked contributions were found in signals taken from an accelerometer located on a person's head. This could provide insight into perceptual thresholds of translational whole body moves of a seated subject. The signal might create a noise floor that could explain why near-constant acceleration perceptual thresholds are seen in blindfolded and seated subjects (where only vestibular input is available) regardless of displacement or velocity of the move.
A Prospective Analysis of Fenestrated Endovascular Grafting: Intermediate-term Outcomes

Abstract Purpose To assess the intermediate-term outcomes following fenestrated grafting for juxtarenal aneurysms. Materials and methods A prospective trial was conducted on patients with short proximal necks, who were considered to be high-risk for open repair and unacceptable for conventional endovascular repair. Devices were designed from reconstructed CT data. Follow-up studies included CT, duplex ultrasound, and KUB and occurred at hospital discharge, 1, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter. Results One hundred and nineteen patients were treated (2001–2005). Mean age and aneurysm size were 75 years and 65 mm, respectively, and 82% were male. A total of 302 visceral vessels were inferior to the fabric seal (a mean of 2.5 vessels per patient), with the most common design incorporating two renal arteries and the SMA (58%). All prostheses were implanted successfully without any acute visceral artery loss. The mean follow-up was 19 months (0–42 months). One patient died within 30 days of device implantation. Kaplan–Meier estimates of survival at 1, 12, 24, and 36 months are 0.99, 0.92, 0.83 and 0.79. There were no ruptures or conversions. Pre-discharge imaging noted 11 type I and type III endoleaks. The 30-day endoleak rate was 10% (all type II). Aneurysm sac size decreased (>5 mm) in 51, 79 and 77% at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. One patient had sac enlargement within the first year, associated with a persistent type II endoleak. In-stent stenoses occurred in 12 renal arteries and one SMA. Six renal arteries and the SMA stenosis were treated and two renal stenoses are awaiting treatment. Ten of 231 stented renal arteries occluded (three prior to discharge), one of which was recanalized. One component separation was treated with an extension at 2 years. Conclusions The placement of endovascular prostheses with graft material incorporating the visceral arteries is safe and appears to be effective at preventing rupture. Continued follow-up to assess the long-term benefit, aneurysm sac behavior and effect of stenting upon the visceral ostia remains critical.
Performance may predict natural killer cell activity after an acute time-limited stressor

Much attention has been given to natural killer cell activity (NKCA) in acute stressor research. While many studies show that acute stressors increase NKCA, fewer studies have investigated the variability in NKCA within an experimental group that is associated with performance. In his ‘Toughness’ theory of arousal, Richard Dienstbier suggests that behavioural performance during an acute stressor task could account for a variability in NKCA. We were not aware of any human studies that had investigated this possibility. Thus, in the present study we tested Dienstbier's proposal in a group of male and female human participants (n = 25) who completed a 4-min serial subtraction mental arithmetic task. Blood samples were taken before and after the task. Controlling for baseline NKCA, performance score significantly predicted post-task NKCA, β = 0.455, p = 0.01, and accounted for 25 per cent of the variance. Coincidence test showed no significant difference between men and women in predicting post-task NKCA on performance score. Thus, in addition to evidence in the animal literature, the present study provides evidence that performance on an acute stressor is associated with enhanced NKCA in humans. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personalized vascular medicine: individualizing drug therapy.

Personalized medicine refers to the application of an individual’s biological fingerprint – the comprehensive dataset of unique biological information – to optimize medical care. While the principle itself is straightforward, its implementation remains challenging. Advances in pharmacogenomics as well as functional assays of vascular biology now permit improved characterization of an individual’s response to medical therapy for vascular disease. This review describes novel strategies designed to permit tailoring of four major pharmacotherapeutic drug classes within vascular medicine: antiplatelet therapy, antihypertensive therapy, lipid-lowering therapy, and antithrombotic therapy. Translation to routine clinical practice awaits the results of ongoing randomized clinical trials comparing personalized approaches with standard of care management.
Improving tensile strength of an injection-molded biocompatible thermoplastic elastomer

Abstract Poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) (SIBS) is a thermoplastic elastomer often used in implantable structures due to its exceptional biocompatibility. However, because overall performance is extremely sensitive to fabrication conditions, optimal processing of the raw material remains a challenge. In this study, the Taguchi method is proposed for characterization of the effect of injection molding parameters on the ultimate tensile strength of a SIBS block copolymer. An L9 orthogonal array is used with three factor levels for nozzle temperature, mold temperature, packing time and injection speed. Analysis indicates that mold temperature has the least effect on tensile strength, and injection speed the greatest effect. A response surface methodology (RSM) design and an artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model tensile strength based on processing parameters. Both methods proved successful in predicting tensile strength with errors of 3% and 2.55% for RSM and ANN, respectively. Optimized validation samples showed ultimate tensile strengths of 17.7 MPa, which is an improvement of almost 40% over reported strengths for the same material. The results presented here are expected to expand the use of SIBS into new applications requiring improved mechanical properties, without sacrificing biocompatibility via the addition of fiber or particle reinforcement.
Beyond the conventional wisdom: USAID projects, interorganizational linkages, and institutional reform in Peru.

The case study of the linkages between departmental-level and national organizations in Peru shows how linkages can play a significant role in national reform. A general overview of current articles on interorganizational linkages and decentralization pertinent to the Peruvian context of control oriented public sectors is provided. The Peruvian institutional context and the constraints faced by decentralized development agencies called departmental development corporations (CORDES) are identified. CORDES members were provincial mayors representatives of private sector professional and economic organizations and heads of ministerial field offices autonomous agencies and public enterprises. Microregional offices were established and received public funding. USAID channeled funding through the national organizations to the CORDES in the Integrated Regional Development Project (IRD) between 1979-86 and the Disaster Relief Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (DRR) Project between 1983-87. The IRD and the DRR are described in addition to the decentralized organization support network established by the 2 projects. There is an analysis of how these interorganizational linkages contributed to conventional uses of linkages and unconventional or institutional reform. Reforms were facilitated by direct persuasion of central agencies to change their administrative regulations policies and operating procedures and extensive lobbying by the support network to pass budgetary reform favoring CORDES and bureaucratic reorientation. Conclusions were reached on 1) the importance of assistance linkages for hastening implementation building capacity and overcoming organizational weaknesses (conventional wisdom); 2) the usefulness of vertical linkages in resolving administrative or technical weaknesses (unconventional wisdom); and 3) the usefulness of reinforcing project related units within key national level agencies which increases access to power while specific objectives maintain assistance orientations. Politically marginal agencies are not considered viable. These projects demonstrated that linkages are useful in supporting institutional reform and respecting country self-determination.
P3.169* Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infection among offenders following release from the justice system

Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of individuals with any interaction with the justice system (N = 259,867 individuals), including arrest, gaol, juvenile detention, juvenile prison, or adult prison, between 2000–2008 (gaol: 2003–2008). These individuals were linked to STI positive test result data (N = 82,990 individuals) using a probabilistic identity matching algorithm based on name, date of birth, and social security number. We identified individuals with chlamydia (CT), gonorrhoea (GC), syphilis, or incident HIV within 365 days of release (or of arrest date). We calculated annual STI incidence by justice system category, year, and demographic characteristics, and compared these to population rates within the same geographic area. Results In cross-sectional analyses, 19% of individuals with any interaction with adult prison, 14% with gaol, 14% with arrest, 34% with juvenile prison, and 25% with juvenile detention had a positive STI. Average annual incidence of any STI in the year after release was 10% for adult prison, 13% for gaol, 10% for arrest, 26% for juvenile prison, and 22% for juvenile detention. These differences in incidence were driven by differing demographic compositions, with younger, minority and female populations demonstrating the highest rates of STI following release. Approximately 16% of all STIs (13% CT, 20% GC, 12% syphilis, 14% incident HIV) can be attributed to individuals within one year of release from the justice system. Conclusions The time following any interaction with the justice system represents a high-impact opportunity to reduce STI burden at a population-level. Structural interventions targeting this vulnerable time period are indicated.
Extratesticular dermoid cyst and fibrous dysplasia of epididymis.

Abstract We report a case of an extratesticular dermoid cyst associated with fibrous dysplasia of the epididymis.
'Doctor, what on earth is that terrible bulge?' The diagnosis and management of vaginal vault prolapse.

Patients with vaginal vault prolapse are more frequently found in the postmenopausal age group and often delay seeking help for a myriad of reasons. A sensitive physician can provide support throughout the required comprehensive work-up. Choice of therapy depends upon the overall assessment of the patient with both conservative and more invasive definitive therapies available. The result of either approach can lay the patients fears and misunderstandings to rest and return her to a more complete and fulfilling life.
Cloud Radiative Effects and Precipitation in Extratropical Cyclones

AbstractClouds associated with extratropical cyclones complicate the well-developed theory of dry baroclinic waves through feedback on their dynamics by precipitation and cloud-altered radiative heating. The relationships between cyclone characteristics and the diabatic heating associated with cloud radiative effects (CREs) and latent heat release remain unclear. A cyclone tracking algorithm [NASA’s Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Climatology of Midlatitude Storminess (MCMS)] is used to identify over 106 cyclones in 33 years of the ERA-Interim and collect the properties of each disturbance. Considering storm intensity as related to wind speeds, which depend on the pressure gradient, the distribution of cyclone properties is investigated using groups defined by their depth (local pressure anomaly) and the radius of the region within closed pressure contours to investigate variations with longitude (especially ocean and land), hemisphere, and season. Using global data products of cloud radiative ef...
Darwinian Functionalism: A Cognitive Science Paradigm

Darwinian functionalism integrates psychology’s past with the present to create an interdisciplinary research paradigm that promotes hypothetico-deductive theory construction which is computational in nature and constrained by a volkerpsychologie knowledge base encompassing the evolutionary history of the organism. This paper summarizes ideas abstracted from evolutionary psychology, cognitive science, and paleoanthropology in an attempt to describe such a paradigm.
AACR-NCI-EORTC – 27th International Symposium – Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics (November 5-9, 2015 – Boston, Massachusetts, USA).

The 27th joint meeting of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute and the American Association of Cancer Research (EORTC-NCI-AACR) International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics was held this year in Boston. Approximately 3,000 international academics, scientists and pharmaceutical industry representatives discussed new discoveries in the field of molecular biology of cancer and presented the latest information on drug discovery, preclinical research, clinical research and target selection in oncology. This report summarizes data on advances in cancer drug discovery.
Real-time power system electromechanical mode estimation implementation and visualization utilizing synchrophasor data

Wide area measurement systems (WAMS) could provide enough information to estimate the electromechanical modes which characterize the dynamic properties of the power grid. Utilizing the measured synchrophasor data from frequency monitoring network (FNET/GridEye), this paper proposes an approach to estimate the oscillation frequency and damping regardless of ring-down or ambient condition in real-time environment. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to detrend the frequency signal, and an auto-regressing moving-average (ARMA) model is used to describe the time series data and the modified yuler walker (MYW) algorithm is used to estimate the AR parameters. Additionally, this paper describes the details of the implementation of a real-time monitoring website showing the estimated dominant frequency and damping from the four interconnections in North America power grid.
Reward value is encoded in primary somatosensory cortex and can be decoded from neural activity during performance of a psychophysical task

Encoding of reward valence has been shown in various brain regions, including deep structures such as the substantia nigra as well as cortical structures such as the orbitofrontal cortex. While the correlation between these signals and reward valence have been shown in aggregated data comprised of many trials, little work has been done investigating the feasibility of decoding reward valence on a single trial basis. Towards this goal, one non-human primate (macaca radiata) was trained to grip and hold a target level of force in order to earn zero, one, two, or three juice rewards. The animal was informed of the impending result before reward delivery by means of a visual cue. Neural data was recorded from primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during these experiments and firing rate histograms were created following the appearance of the visual cue and used as input to a variety of classifiers. Reward valence was decoded with high levels of accuracy from S1 both in the post-cue and post-reward periods. Additionally, the proportion of units showing significant changes in their firing rates was influenced in a predictable way based on reward valence. The existence of a signal within S1 cortex that encodes reward valence could have utility for implementing reinforcement learning algorithms for brain machine interfaces. The ability to decode this reward signal in real time with limited data is paramount to the usability of such a signal in practical applications.
Pervasive computing: Past, present and future

The paradigm of pervasive computing describes ubiquitous computing environments that provide anytime and anywhere access to information services while making the presence of the system invisible to the user. Pervasive computing envisioned by Mark Weiser emerged at the conjunction of research and development in a number of areas which include embedded and devices and systems, wireless communications, and distributed, mobile and context-aware computing. This paper provides an overview of constituent components of pervasive computing and outlines the current progress made as a result of convergence of these areas of research.
External calcium and phosphorus balances in vitamin D-resistant rickets: A comparative review

A survey of metabolic balance studies of calcium and phosphorus by various investigators revealed increased fecal losses of calcium in all, and of phosphorus in most, patients with vitamin D-resistant rickets. The urinary excretion of calcium in all patients was lower than it was in normal children, and that of phosphorus was lower or normal. After treatment with large doses of vitamin D or A. T. 10, the fecal excretion of calcium and phosphorus decreased, probably because of increased absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Liver Abscess in Children

Liver abscess is a global disease, although it occurs more commonly in areas with poor socioeconomic circumstances. The majority of liver abscesses are pyogenic in nature, but amebiasis is a common cause in areas where the parasite is endemic and sanitation is underdeveloped. This article reviews pyogenic and amebic liver abscesses with special focus on the role of imaging in both diagnosis and management. The epidemiology, pathology, and clinical presentation are also discussed.
Do “His” and “Her” Marriages Influence One Another? Contagion in Personal Assessments of Marital Quality among Older Spouses over a Four-Year Span:

Husbands and wives differ in their evaluations of marital quality, with “his” marriage typically proving better than “her” marriage. However, spouses’ perceptions of marital quality tend to be significantly correlated with one another. Prior research has addressed the existence and implications of gender differences in marital quality but has focused less on spouses’ similarities in their perceptions. In particular, prior studies have not examined the extent to which spouses’ assessments of marital quality may be reciprocally related. In short, do his and her marriages influence one another? This study analyzes longitudinal dyadic data from 209 older married couples who participated in the first two waves of the Disability and Use of Time supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (2009–2013). Two-wave lagged models tested emotional and social contagion theory by examining whether husbands’ and wives’ reports of marital quality at baseline predicted both spouses’ marital quality after four years. Re...
Elections in Democracies: Balancing Support and Opposition

The electoral competition that characterizes democracies imposes severe limits on the support that governing parties obtain in national elections. On average, win or lose incumbents take 41% of the vote. When they win, their support averages 46%, and their mean maximum vote is 52%. Only rarely do incumbents manage to do better than this, and quite often they do worse. The few outliers on the plus side are found in a small number of countries (the British Caribbean and the United States). This level of support yields, on average, two consecutive terms in office lasting about eight years. It is as if an equilibrium-seeking natural balance between support and opposition to the in-party operates in democracies, forcing a change of government on average once per decade. As well as delineating other limits to electoral support for incumbents, differences in outcomes by democracy type (parliamentary vs. presidential) as well as persistent disparities among geo-cultural regions are examined and puzzled over.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT USING ASPECT NUMBERS ON STUDENTS SDN IN THE PANGKAJENE DISTRICT PANGKEP REGENCY

The government has implemented various efforts in order to improve the quality of education, especially in the field of basic education. The quality of education concerns many interrelated issues, including the quality of learners, the quality of educators (teachers) and other education personnel and facilities and infrastructure. At the operational level, the issue of quality of education is very pleased with the quality of teaching teachers and student learning. Based on that, the researcher is encouraged to analyze the factors influencing the mastery of the aspect of the number in the elementary school teacher in Pangkajene sub-district, Pangkep regency. This research belongs to survey research that is descriptive-correlative and explorative with population of all teachers of SD Negeri in Pangkajene Sub-district of Pangkep Regency. Sampling was done with a sample of considerations. Data obtained by using the instrument in the form of questionnaire and test about aspect of number. The data were processed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The result of descriptive analysis shows that the mastery of number aspect in elementary school teacher is in low category. The results of inferential analysis indicate that the level of education, age and sex rate together affect the mastery of number aspect in elementary school teachers in Pangkajene sub-district, Pangkep regency. The results of explorative research indicate that other factors affecting the mastery of the number aspect are education and training, educational background, shift of teaching level, the role of teacher of mathematics guide, motivation and incentive for the achieving teacher
Parkinson disease: Exenatide - a drug for diabetes and Parkinson disease?

Preventing the misfolding, aggregation, accumulation and propagation of α-synuclein — pivotal mechanisms that contribute to neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies — is the ultimate goal of research into neuroprotective therapy. Now, exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist, has been reported to ameliorate the severity of motor symptoms associated with PD.
Antitumor SOD Compounds

Many studies have been recently performed on the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tumor cells. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction \(\\{20_2}^{\bar .}\; + \;2H\; \to {H_2}{0_2}\; + \;{0_2}\;(1)\). SOD is thought to be a protective enzyme necessary for life in all oxygen metabolizing cells (2). All normal eukaryotic cells (except the red blood cell) have both copper-zinc containing superoxide dismutase activity (Cu-ZnSOD) and manganese containing superoxide dismutase activity (MnSOD) (3). A typical pattern has emerged from the studies of SOD in tumor cells. Cancer cells have in general lowered activities of both Cu-ZnSOD and MnSOD when compared to their differentiated normal cell counterparts. Exceptions have been found to this pattern of low Cu-ZnSOD activity, but no exceptions have been found in the case of MnSOD activity. MnSOD activity has been found to be greatly reduced in over 50 human, rat, mouse, spontaneous, transplanted, virallyinduced, chemically-induced, in vivo, and in vitro tumors. This work has been the subject of a recent review (4).
The Changing Pattern of Stock Ownership in the US: 1989–2013

In 1989, 32 percent of US households reported some stock ownership, either directly, through a mutual fund, or through an investment held in a defined contribution retirement plan. Twelve years later, in 2001, more than half of all households – 53 percent – reported some stock ownership. Expansion of equity mutual fund ownership, inside and outside defined contribution retirement plans, was the central driver of this expansion. Direct stock ownership also rose over this period, from 17 to 21 percent. The growth of stock ownership slowed, and in some cases reversed, in the subsequent twelve years. The overall rate of stock ownership fell to 49 percent in 2013, and direct stock ownership declined to 14 percent. The substantial increase in stock ownership during the 1990s, and the slight decline since then, may help to distinguish among competing explanations for the low rate of overall stock market participation. There is some evidence that US households became more risk tolerant during the 1990s, and that the transactions costs of equity market participation declined. While transactions costs have not increased in the subsequent period, self-reported risk tolerance has declined. The rapid expansion of defined contribution retirement plans in the 1990s, and the slowdown in that expansion after 2001, is also an important factor in explaining the ownership pattern over time.
Problems in Two and Three-Dimensions: General Considerations

Going from one to two or three dimensions significantly increases the difficulty of solving Schrodinger’s equation. In general the problem must be solved numerically. Moreover, the numerical solutions may be difficult to obtain. However there are classes of separable potentials for which the solution can be obtained easily.
You Won't believe this but …Responding to Student Complaints and Excuses written by Professor Gary Colwell

(1997). You Won't believe this but …Responding to Student Complaints and Excuses written by Professor Gary Colwell. Argumentation and Advocacy: Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 206-206.
Active Layer Thaw Rate at a Boreal Forest Site in Central Alaska, U.S.A.

Hourly measurements of soil temperature and a surrogate index of soil water ion concentration were collected from the active layer at a site in the discontinuous permafrost zone in central Alaska d...
Sets of uniqueness and closed subgroups in Vilenkin groups

Мы доказываем, что зам кнутые нулевой меры п одгруппы группы Виленкина (огр аниченной или нет) являются множ ествами единственно сти. Новые идеи, привлеченные дл я наших рассмотрений: примен ение двойственности Понтрягина к вопросам единственн ости, изучение общих групп Виленкина, весьма общ ее упорядочение характ еров.
Immunofluorescence staining of live lymph node tissue slices.

Abstract Explants of lymphoid tissue provide a rare opportunity to assess the organization of the immune system in a living, dynamic environment. Traditionally, ex vivo immunostaining is conducted in fixed tissue sections, while live tissues are analyzed using genetically engineered fluorescent reporters or adoptively transferred, pre-labelled cell populations. Here, we validated a protocol for immunostaining and imaging in live, thick slices of lymph node tissue, thus providing a spatial “map” of the lymph node while maintaining the viability and functionality of the slices. Using anti-B220/CD45R (B cell) as a prototype antibody, the procedure for immunostaining was tested for sufficient signal to noise with respect to staining time, temperature, and wash time, and the specificity was verified in comparison to isotype controls. Immunostaining signal in live tissue slices was detectable to atleast 120 μm deep for both whole antibodies and F(ab')2 fragments using the staining procedure. This procedure revealed the expected changes in B cell organization in lymph nodes from immunized mice. Cell surface staining with most antibodies did not induce cytokine secretion, and cytokine secretion in response to T cell stimulation was unaffected by immunostaining. Staining with known a mitogenic antibody (anti-CD3) simultaneously labelled the cells and activated the tissue, confirming that reagents for live immunostaining must be selected judiciously. As a proof of concept, this method was used to reveal the dynamic distribution of CD69, a T cell activation marker, in lymph node slices before and after ex vivo stimulation.
Neurologic Imaging in Pregnancy

Selecting the appropriate neurologic imaging modality for evaluation of a pregnant patient is a common challenge faced by medical providers. It requires balancing the benefits of using the technique that provides the greatest diagnostic utility with the potential risks to the fetus which that technique may incur. This decision process is made more difficult by the lack of high quality human studies to date that have evaluated the safety of these different imaging methods. The aim of this chapter is to review the available literature on the most common neurologic imaging modalities and their use in pregnancy, in order to provide guidance on selection of the optimal imaging choice in different clinical situations.
Abstract A096: The potential role of fibroblast activation protein as a natural killer cell immune checkpoint

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a type II transmembrane serine protease that functions as both a dipeptidyl peptidase and an endopeptidase. FAP is minimally expressed in normal pancreas but overexpressed in 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) specimens. A meta-analysis of PDAC studies demonstrated elevated tumor FAP expression is associated with worse clinical outcomes. While immunotherapy offers remarkable results for certain cancer types, it has been largely ineffective in PDAC. This lack of efficacy may be attributed to the dense stromal fibrosis, comprised largely of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), that is characteristic of PDAC lesions. Here we demonstrate that human NK cell line (NK92) is activated by and kill PSCs. Upon direct contact with PSCs, NK92 cells upregulate FAP. FAP expression by NK92 cells is associated with an inactivation phenotype. Talabostat, a non-specific inhibitor of FAP, enhances NK92 killing of PSCs in vitro and enhances PDAC tumor clearance in vivo. This suggests that FAP may be a novel NK cell immune checkpoint that can be pharmacologically modulated to enhance NK cell antitumor activity. Citation Format: Allison O9Connell, Shangzi Wang, Louis M. Weiner. The potential role of fibroblast activation protein as a natural killer cell immune checkpoint [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A096.
Nursing Care and Treatment of Ambulatory Patients With Percutaneously Placed Axillary Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Before Heart Transplant

Transplant cardiologists in our hospital have performed the percutaneously placed axillary-subclavian intra-aortic balloon pump procedure since 2007. This procedure allows patients to mobilize and walk while they wait for a heart transplant, rather than remaining on bed rest as they would with a traditional femoral intra-aortic balloon pump. This procedure has presented challenges to the nursing staff. A 2007 literature search revealed no precedent or published nursing articles on this subject. This article reviews heart failure, medical treatments, complications of bed rest associated with the femoral intra-aortic balloon pump, the nursing challenges and unique problems of caring for patients with percutaneously placed axillary-subclavian intra-aortic balloon pumps, and our solutions for those challenges.
Mixed-integer nonlinear programming 2018

Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) is the area of optimization that addresses nonlinear problems with continuous and integer variables. MINLP has proven to be a powerful tool for modeling. At the same time, it combines algorithmic design challenges from combinatorial and nonlinear optimization. The MINLP field has received increased attention over the past two decades with contributions on the theoretical, algorithmic, and computational side originating from a growing community that involves engineers, mathematicians, and operations researchers. This special issue was motivated by a seminar on MINLP that took place in Dagstuhl, Germany in 2018. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief introduction to the field and the articles of the special issue.
Making Milk Book Review

This is a book review of the 2017 book Making Milk: The Past, Present and Future of Our Primary Food, edited by Mathilde Cohen and Yoriko Otomo and published by Bloomsbury.
Power analyses for detecting effects for multiple coefficients in regression

I present applications of Stata to conduct power analysis for multiple regression. Simple power analyses are provided through the Stata command power and the user-written command powerreg. However, tools for power analysis for multiple regression coefficients are limited. I present strategies for detecting significant regression coefficients in a single study (for example, power estimates for two or more coefficients). I also address the power for detecting multiple effects (that is, the probability that all coefficients are statistically significant) in the same sample through the Monte Carlo approaches afforded by the simulate command.
Intravascular Dual-Modality Imaging (NIRF/IVUS, NIRS/IVUS, IVOCT/NIRF, and IVOCT/NIRS)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of global mortality. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is composed of a large lipid-rich necrotic core (NC) infiltrated with abundant macrophages and a thin fibrous cap, is widely recognized to be the main cause of underlying acute coronary artery disease. Dual-modality imaging technologies are valuable tools that are able to provide both structure and molecular contrast for characterization and quantification of cardiovascular tissue and have shown the improved capability of diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. This chapter outlines several representative dual-modality intravascular imaging systems which combine IVOCT or IVUS with NIRS or NIRF imaging technologies. In addition, the in vivo and ex vivo experimental results obtained by these dual modality imaging systems are presented and discussed.
Checklist for Patients and OR Team in Preparation for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

Careful planning for laparoscopic colorectal surgery is the key to ensuring optimal patient outcomes. This begins long before the patient ever enters the operating room. Many postoperative complications can be prevented simply by risk stratifying patients prior to surgery and ensuring they are medically optimized. Patients should be educated as to what to expect from their surgery, and stoma marking and education should be performed. On the day of surgery, prior to incision, preoperative checklists should be employed. Regional anesthetic modalities should be considered, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis should be administered based on preoperative risk. The antibiotic regimen and dosing schedule, positioning, and equipment setup should also be verified. Urinary catheterization is generally used for laparoscopic colorectal procedures, and ureteral stenting should be considered in select cases as a useful measure if the patient is high risk for a ureteral injury. By ensuring careful preparation and planning for laparoscopic colorectal surgery, complications can be avoided, and the patient experience can be improved dramatically.
Abstract WP209: Relationship Between Liver Fibrosis and Ischemic Stroke Subtype

Background: Liver disease has been associated with cardiac structural abnormalities and atrial fibrillation. We hypothesized that advanced liver fibrosis - commonly subclinical in the general popul...
Idiot Sheets: Preparing and Using Database Guide Sheets.

In connection with the utilization of databases, problems can arise with respect to the understanding or evaluation of the provided information. Database guide sheets can be an important aid for overcoming these problems. A number of systems are already sufficiently documented by guide sheets, while other systems do not have guide sheets with adequate descriptive information. Details regarding database guide sheets are discussed, taking into account the type of descriptive information provided, the sample online record, and access points and other related functions for searching the database. Attention is given to cases when a guide sheet should be made, details regarding the preparation of such a sheet, the importance of neatness, and important points which should be kept in mind when guide sheets are being prepared.
Why talk about qualitative and mixed methods in educational psychology? Introduction to special issue

This article is an introduction to a special issue on qualitative and mixed methods research in educational psychology. In this special issue, we focus on contemporary research by educational psych...