cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1) is Highly Expressed in the Aged Human Medial Temporal Cortex and Upregulated in Myeloid Cells During Alzheimer's Disease.

Background The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is linked to cellular stress and inflammation during Alzheimer's disease (AD). RAGE signals through Diaphanous-1 (DIAPH1); however, the expression of DIAPH1 in the healthy and AD human brain has yet to be methodically addressed. Objective To delineate the cell- and disease-state specific expression of DIAPH1 in the human medial temporal cortex during healthy aging and AD. Methods We used semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry in the human medial temporal cortex paired with widefield and confocal microscopy and automated analyses to determine colocalization and relative expression of DIAPH1 with key cell markers and molecules in the brains of subjects with AD versus age-matched controls. Results We report robust colocalization of DIAPH1 with myeloid cells and increased expression during AD, which strongly correlated to increased neutral lipids and morphology of inflamed myeloid cells. DIAPH1 moderately colocalized with markers of endothelial cells, astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Discussion Our findings localize DIAPH1 particularly to myeloid cells in the CNS, especially in AD in the locations of lipid droplet accumulation, thereby implicating RAGE-DIAPH1 signaling in dysregulated lipid metabolism and morphological changes of inflamed myeloid cells in this disorder.
States in /sup 197/Pt populated by the (d,p), (d,t) and (n,. gamma. ) reactions

States in /sup 197/Pt have been studied using the /sup 196/Pt(d,p)/sup 197/Pt and /sup 198/Pt(d,t)/sup 197/Pt reactions with 13.5 MeV deuterons and the /sup 196/Pt(n,..gamma..) reaction using thermal neutrons. The measured Q values were 3.606 +- 0.020, - 1.221 +- 0.020, and 5846.3 +- 0.0004 MeV for the (d,p), (d,t), and (n,..gamma..) reactions, respectively. Transferred l values have been determined from angular distributions and spectroscopic factors determined by comparison with distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations. Some of the states can be tentatively assigned as Nilsson states arising from an oblate deformation. These include the 5/2/sup -/(532), decoupled 1/2/sup +/(600) and 9/2/sup +/(615) states. A number of low lying states with l = 1 cannot be explained using the Nilsson model or the shell model.
Phonofilm, The Rejection

Phonofilm will not go quietly. In spite of the odds, Lee de Forest will ­continue to make and distribute films in the Phonofilm format to those few theaters equipped to show them. There is limited success, but the field for sound movies is getting crowded. Yes, Phonofilm is finally a mature technology, but now it is not the only sound-on-film system. As a result of rapid progress in the past few years, the quality of the audio that can be recorded and played back has improved in a way that the public just may embrace it. The electrical recording and playback of the phonograph record has been one of the science success stories of the middle 1920s, and while this will be good for home record consumers, it will also form the technical basis of the Warner Bros. Vitaphone sound system for the movies. So Lee de Forest, one of the first inventors to develop and demonstrate a sound-on-film ­system, falls farther behind. The signs are ominous, and as he continues to promote his system and sign up theaters, his influence is waning. Even with the production of hundreds of little films of singers, dancers, and vaudeville acts, it will be Al Jolson, not Lee de Forest, who will be the voice of the movies. This is the beginning of good times for the movie industry. This is the beginning of bad times for Lee de Forest.
PCI Equal to Sham PCI for Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Stable Angina Plus Severe CAD.

In patients with stable angina and severe coronary artery disease (CAD), PCI plus optimal medical treatment does not improve exercise tolerance or angina more than sham PCI plus optimal medical treatment.
Replaying Our Process: Video/Art Making and Research:

This article charts a collaborative and multimodal inquiry practice between a professor and a doctoral student who met during a visual methods course, Doing Visual Research With Children and Youth....
Doxastic Voluntarism and Up-To-Me-Ness

Rik Peels and I agree on the importance of the concept of epistemic responsibility. We disagree on whether responsibility for our beliefs requires the kind of control needed for responsibility for ...
The Connection between Resonances and Bound States in the Presence of a Coulomb Potential

The connection between resonant metastable states and bound states with changing potential strength in the presence of a Coulomb potential is fundamentally different from the case of short-range potentials. This phenomenon is central to the physics of dissociative recombination of electrons with molecular cations. Here, it is verified computationally that there is no direct connection between the resonance pole of the S-matrix and any pole in the bound state spectrum. A detailed analysis is presented of the analytic structure of the scattering matrix, in which the resonance pole remains distinct in the complex k-plane while a new state appears in the bound state spectrum. A formulation of quantum-defect theory is developed based on the scattering matrix, which nonetheless exposes a close analytic relation between the resonant and bound state poles and thereby reveals the connection between quantum-defect theory and analytic S-matrix theory in the complex energy and momentum planes. One-channel and multichannel versions of the expressions with numerical examples for simple models are given, and the formalism is applied to give a unified picture of ab initio electronic structure and scattering calculations for e-O2+ and e-H2+ scattering.
A phase I study of metformin and chemotherapy in solid tumors.

2560 Background: Metformin has recently received increased attention because of its potential antitumorigenic effects on a number of cancers. It activates AMP-related pathways leading to inactivati...
The influence of lignin content and structure on hemicellulose alkaline extraction for non-wood and hardwood lignocellulosic biomass

The extractability of hemicellulose from different lignocellulosics depends on the source of biomass. Differences in hemicellulose extractability are believed to be due to plant-specific hemicellulose arrangement alongside lignin within the cell wall. In this research, six biomasses were used to probe hemicellulose alkaline extractability as a function of the native lignin within the biomasses. Quantitative 2D-HSQC and 13C NMR analysis were performed to determine the S/G (S: syringyl, G: guaiacyl) and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages of milled wood lignin isolated from these biomasses. A strong negative correlation was observed between total lignin content and hemicellulose extractability, demonstrating that a greater presence of lignin in the original material results in lower xylan solubilization. In addition, a correlation between S/G of lignin and xylan dissolution was found within a group of hardwoods and within a group of non-woods. This suggests that monomeric constituency also influences xylan’s propensity for dissolution in 10% NaOH. Although there is some uncertainty in the quantification of LCC linkages, both non-woods and hardwoods exhibited negative correlations between alkaline-stable LCC linkages content and xylan extractability. This suggests that alkaline-stable LCC structures are associated with a decrease in the alkaline extractability of hemicellulose.
Extreme rays of Hankel spectrahedra for ternary forms

The cone of sums of squares is one of the central objects in convex algebraic geometry. Its defining linear inequalities correspond to the extreme rays of the dual convex cone. This dual cone is a spectrahedron, which can be explicitly realized as a section of the cone of positive semidefinite matrices with the linear subspace of Hankel (or middle catalecticant) matrices. In this paper we initiate a systematic study of the extreme rays of Hankel spectrahedra for ternary forms. We show that the Zariski closure of the union of extreme rays is the variety of all Hankel matrices of corank at least 4, an irreducible variety of codimension 10 and we determine its degree. We explicitly construct an extreme ray of maximal rank using the Cayley-Bacharach Theorem for plane curves. We apply our results to the study of the algebraic boundary of the cone of sums of squares. Its irreducible components are dual to varieties of Gorenstein ideals with certain Hilbert functions. We determine these Hilbert functions for some cases of small degree. We also observe surprising gaps in the ranks of Hankel matrices of the extreme rays.
Penalized Survival Models for the Analysis of Alternating Recurrent Event Data.

Recurrent event data are widely encountered in clinical and observational studies. Most methods for recurrent events treat the outcome as a point process and, as such, neglect any associated event duration. This generally leads to a less informative and potentially biased analysis. We propose a joint model for the recurrent event rate (of incidence) and duration. The two processes are linked through a bivariate normal frailty. For example, when the event is hospitalization, we can treat the time to admission and length-of-stay as two alternating recurrent events. In our method, the regression parameters are estimated through a penalized partial likelihood, and the variance-covariance matrix of the frailty is estimated through a recursive estimating formula. Moreover, we develop a likelihood ratio test to assess the dependence between the incidence and duration processes. Simulation results demonstrate that our method provides accurate parameter estimation, with a relatively fast computation time. We illustrate the methods through an analysis of hospitalizations among end-stage renal disease patients.
The Predictive Value of Resonance Frequency Analysis Measurements in the Surgical Placement and Loading of Endosseous Implants.

Implant stability is an important factor guiding the selection of placement and loading protocols. An evaluation of the currently available techniques for measuring stability clearly demonstrates a need for a non-invasive, quantitative, repeatable, and reliable way to measure implant stability over time. A potential candidate for this purpose is resonance frequency analysis (RFA).A retrospective study was performed on implant patient data collected over a five-year period. Patients were categorized according to their placement protocol (one-stage vs. two-stage) and loading protocol (early vs. traditional). RFA measurements were recorded during placement and prior to loading. Survival or failure was determined after a minimum follow-up period of two years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistical analysis was used to determine ISQ cut-off points with respective sensitivity and specificity values for different placement and loading protocols.In predicting implant failure, sensitivity progressively increased and specificity decreased as ISQ cut-off values increased. All failures occurred at ISQ < 66 for the placement protocol and ISQ < 67 for the loading protocol. When ISQ values were less than 60, higher survival rates were observed when implants were placed utilizing a two-stage rather than a one-stage protocol. The area under the ROC curve for placement was 0.80 (p < 0.05) and the area under the ROC curve for loading was 0.89 (p < 0.05).RFA is a non-invasive technique used to measure the stability of implants and help guide placement and loading protocols. This study showed that increasing ISQ values correlated with increased sensitivity in detecting implant failure. Due to the high survival rates of dental implants, additional studies with an increased samples size and more implant failures are necessary to further elucidate the relationship between ISQ values and survival rates.
Cerebellar Volume Is Associated with Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results from ADNI

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disease with dysfunctional brain network. Previous studies found the cerebellar volume changes over the course of AD disease progression; however, whether cerebellar volume change contributes to the cognitive decline in AD, or its earlier disease stage (i.e., mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) remains unclear. In ADNI, cognitive function was assessed using Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Behavior section (ADAS-Cog). We used linear regression and linear mixed effects models to examine whether cerebellar volume is associated with either baseline cognition or with cognitive changes over time in MCI or in AD. We used logistic regression to assess the relationship between cerebellar volume and disease progression to MCI and AD. We found that cerebellar volume is associated with cognition in patients with MCI, after adjusting for age, gender, education, hippocampal volume, and APOE4 status. Consistently, cerebellar volume is associated with increased odds of the disease stages of MCI and AD when compared to controls. However, cerebellar volume is not associated with cognitive changes over time in either MCI or AD. In summary, cerebellar volume may contribute to cognition level in MCI, but not in AD, indicating that the cerebellar network might modulate the cognitive function in the early stage of the disease. The cerebellum may be a potential target for neuromodulation in treating MCI.
Porous Crystalline Spherulite Superstructures

Summary Assembly of crystallites into three-dimensional hierarchical superstructures is vital for the design of multicomponent architectures as capsules and reactors for storage, delivery, and catalysis. However, the development of these assemblies, for example, spherulite superstructures, has mainly been hampered by limited control over nucleation, orientational growth, and stability. In this work, we observed a hierarchical evolution from metal-organic framework (MOF) nanofibrils into spherulite superstructures. Under a polarized light, these superstructures exhibited a “Maltese cross” extinction pattern typical of spherulites, which is the first time this has been observed in porous materials. We demonstrated that by tuning the evolution kinetics via a mixed-solvent approach, varying morphologies could be obtained as a result of small-angle branching. Isoreticular expansion of MOF spherulites and incorporation of multiple components could also be achieved. This work provides a fresh avenue to pack porous crystallites into sophisticated superstructures, which are expected to serve applications from catalysis to guest delivery and transportation.
Abstract P442: Periodontal Disease is Associated With Risk of Incident Diabetes Among Non-obese Individuals

Background: Strong evidence suggests that diabetes is a risk factor for periodontal disease and that periodontal disease, once established in the diabetic state, then contributes to worsened glycem...
The importance of precision: differences in characteristics associated with levels of food security among college students.

Objective To estimate the prevalence of high, marginal, low and very low food security among a sample of college students and identify characteristics associated with the four different food security status levels and note differences in associations from when food security status is classified as food-secure v. food-insecure. Design Cross-sectional online survey. Setting A large public university in North Carolina. Participants 4829 college students who completed an online survey in October and November 2016. Results Among study participants, 56·2 % experienced high, 21·6 % experienced marginal, 18·8 % experienced low and 3·4 % experienced very low food security. Characteristics significantly associated with food security status when using the four-level variable but not two-level variable were age, international student status and weight status. Characteristics that significantly differed between the marginal and high food security groups included age, race/ethnicity, year in school, international student status, employment status, financial aid receipt, perceived health rating, cooking frequency and participation in an on-campus meal plan. Characteristics with differences in significant associations between the low and very low food security groups were gender, international student status, having a car, weight status and participation in an on-campus meal plan. Even where similarities in the direction of association were seen, there were often differences in magnitude. Conclusions We found differences in characteristics associated with food security status when using the four-level v. two-level food security status variable. Future studies should look separately at the four levels, or at least consider separating the marginal and high food-secure groups.
A new class of flexible energetic salts, part 4 : The crystal structures of hexaaquomagnesium(II), hexaaquomanganese(II), and hexaaquozinc(II) dihydrate salts of dinitramide

The crystal structures of the hexaaquomagnesium (1), hexaaquomanganese (2), and hexaaquozinc (3) dihydrate salts of dinitramide have been determined. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell dimensions a = 9.589(2), b = 7.420(1), c = 11.116(2) A, β = 108.25(3)°, 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell dimensions a = 9.623(4), b = 7.477(2), c = 11.274(3) A, β = 108.38(3)°, and 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell dimensions a = 9.513(1), b = 7.4270(8), c = 11.164(1) A, β = 108.806(6)°. The three structures are isostructural, consisting of hexaaquo cations, dinitramide anions and water molecules interlinked by an extensive three dimensional hydrogen bonding interactions. All oxygen atoms as well as the central nitrogen atom of the dinitramide anion are involved in acceptor hydrogen bonds with neighboring water protons. As a consequence of the constraints imposed by these hydrogen bonds the dinitramide ions are almost planar with average deviations of 0.01 A for 1, 0.03 A for 2 and 0.03 A for 3.
Chapter 62 – Canavan Disease

Spongy degeneration of the brain, Canavan disease, is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy prevalent among individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish extraction. The disease is characterized by severe mental retardation, developmental delays, and early death. Deficiency of the enzyme aspartoacylase, causes excessive amounts of N-acetylaspartic acid in the urine, brain and body fluids. High levels of N-acetylaspartic acid in the urine are diagnostic for Canavan disease. Mild or juvenile cases of Canavan disease with mild elevation of N-acetylaspartic acid and ­developmental delay have also been found. The gene for aspartoacylase has been cloned and mutations identified. Ashkenazi Jewish populations have two mutations in 98% of the cases while other ethnic groups have more diverse mutations. A knockout mouse with the same phenotype as Canavan disease has been generated. Trials in knockout mice and Canavan patients are underway for potential treatment for Canavan disease.
Technical Note: Cumulative dose modeling for organ motion management in MRI-guided radiation therapy.

Purpose To develop a method for continuous online dose accumulation during irradiation in MRI-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) and to demonstrate its application in evaluating the impact of internal organ motion on cumulative dose. Methods An intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plan is partitioned into its unique apertures. Dose for each planned aperture is calculated using Monte Carlo dose simulation on each phase of a four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) dataset. Deformable image registration is then performed both (a) between each frame of a cine-MRI acquisition obtained during treatment and a reference frame, and (b) between each volume of the 4D-CT phases and a reference phase. These registrations are used to associate each cine image with a 4D-CT phase. Additionally, for each 4D-CT phase, the deformation vector field (DVF) is used to warp the pre-calculated dose volumes per aperture onto the reference CT dataset. To estimate the dose volume delivered during each frame of the cine-MRI acquisition, we retrieve the pre-calculated warped dose volume for the delivered aperture on the associated 4D-CT phase and adjust it by a rigid translation to account for baseline drift and instances where motion on the cine image exceeds the amplitude observed between 4D-CT phases. Results The proposed dose accumulation method is retrospectively applied to a liver cancer case previously treated on an MRgRT platform. Cumulative dose estimated for free-breathing and respiration-gated delivery is compared against dose calculated on static anatomy. In this sample case, the target minimum dose and D 98 varied by as much as 5% and 7%, respectively. Conclusion We demonstrate a technique suitable for continuous online dose accumulation during MRgRT. In contrast to other approaches, dose is pre-calculated per aperture and phase and then retrieved based on a mapping scheme between cine MRI and 4D-CT datasets, aiming at reducing the computational burden for potential real-time applications.
Beyond Journals-Visual Abstracts Promote Wider Suicide Prevention Research Dissemination and Engagement: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Many academic institutions and journals disseminate research through social media to increase accessibility and reach a wider audience. “Visual Abstracts” are well-suited for social media dissemination, and have been adopted by some as a novel approach to increase engagement with academic content. Visual abstracts are a visual representation of key methods and findings from a traditional peer-reviewed publication. This study expands on previous research by examining the impact of visual abstracts compared to traditional text abstracts to disseminate research produced in a national research center focused on preventing Veteran suicide. Methods: A prospective, randomized crossover design was utilized to compare Twitter posts with a visual abstract to those with a simple screen grab of the PubMed abstract (n = 50 journal publications). Outcomes were measured using native Twitter Analytics to track impressions, retweets, total engagements, and link clicks about 28 days post-tweet, and Altmetric It to track additional alternative metric outcomes. Results: Visual abstract tweets were associated with a significantly higher number of impressions (p < 0.001), retweets (p < 0.001), and link clicks (p = 0.02) compared with text abstract tweets. Conclusions: In line with results from prior studies, we found that visual abstracts resulted in significantly greater research dissemination and social media engagement via retweets and link clicks compared with text tweets. These findings provide further evidence that visual abstracts increase awareness and readership of journal publications, and that Twitter is an effective platform for research dissemination beyond the traditional academic researcher audience. Implications highlight the importance of social media for suicide prevention advocates, Veteran health researchers and other stakeholders to communicate research findings.
Patterns of voiding following laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Abstract Objective Clarify the normal patterns of voiding after minimally invasive hysterectomy. We also aim to identify perioperative factors associated with delayed time to void immediately following hysterectomy. Design Retrospective cohort study Selection Women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy between September 2012 to October 2018 at a single academic university hospital. Results 450 minimally invasive hysterectomies were included in the final analysis, 274 (60.9%) robotically-assisted, and 176 (39.1%) conventional laparoscopy. The overall median postoperative time-to-void following a retrograde bladder filling of 150 mL normal saline was 179 min. Based on the 50th percentile of the distribution of the time-to-void, two groups were created. Demographic characteristics between the groups were similar, except those who were above the 50th percentile were more likely to be older, have a reported history of previous myomectomy, and had a longer postoperative PACU stay compared to those below or equal to the 50th percentile. The mean time-to-void following conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy was less than that of robotic surgery (187.3 vs 200.5 min) however the difference was not statistically significant (p=.22). The use of hydromorphone intraoperatively and the combination of oxycodone-acetaminophen postoperatively were more likely to be associated with the group of patients above the 50th percentile but there was no significant difference in perioperative utilization of median morphine milliequivalents (MME) between the two groups. Conclusions Following laparoscopic hysterectomy (either conventional or with robotic-assistance) with a retrograde bladder fill of 150 mL normal saline most patients will void within 4 h after surgery. This is consistent with historic data on normal voiding patterns facilitating safe same day discharge without prolonged time in the PACU.
Tobacco Smoking and the Fecal Microbiome in a Large, Multi-ethnic Cohort.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that tobacco smoking, a well-known driver of carcinogenesis, influences the gut microbiome; however, these relationships remain understudied in diverse populations. Thus, we performed an analysis of smoking and the gut microbiome in a subset of 803 adults from the multi-ethnic NYU FAMiLI study. Methods: We assessed fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and clustered samples into Amplicon Sequence Variants using QIIME2. We evaluated inferred microbial pathway abundance using PICRUSt. We compared population β-diversity, and relative taxonomic and functional pathway abundance, between never smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. Results: We found that the overall composition of the fecal microbiome in former and current smokers differs significantly from that of never smokers. The taxa Prevotella and Veillonellaceae were enriched in current and former smokers, whereas the taxa Lachnospira and Tenericutes were depleted, relative to never smokers. These shifts were consistent across racial and ethnic subgroups. Relative to never smokers, the abundance of taxa enriched in current smokers were positively correlated with the imputed abundance of pathways involving smoking-associated toxin breakdown and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusions: Our findings suggest common mechanisms of smoking associated microbial change across racial subgroups, regardless of initial microbiome composition. The correlation of these differentials with ROS exposure pathways may suggest a role for these taxa in the known association between smoking, ROS and carcinogenesis. Impact: Smoking shifts in the microbiome may be independent of initial composition, stimulating further studies on the microbiome in carcinogenesis and cancer prevention.
Analysis of Backup Protection Action of a Transformer Caused by Improper Implementation of Voltage Regulation Measures

It is an effective measure for power enterprises to improve the voltage level of the system by raising and lowering the tap position of the main transformer. For the parallel operation of the main transformer, the whole process of adjusting the tap must strictly meet the conditions of parallel operation. Aiming at a case of backup protection action of main transformer caused by improper implementation of voltage regulation measures, this paper analyzes the uneven load distribution and increase of reactive power loss caused by improper adjustment of tap, and the analysis results are verified by PSCAD.
An Investigation of the Phase Behaviors for Quaternary U-Nb/Mo-Ti-Zr Metallic Fuel Alloys

Abstract Quaternary fuel alloys containing U, Nb/Mo, Ti, and Zr are proposed as fuel candidates for sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs). In this work, two Nb-bearing alloys, i.e., U-NT5Z (U-2.5Nb-2.5Ti-5.0Zr in wt. %) and U-NT7Z (U-1.5Nb-1.5Ti-7.0Zr in wt. %), and two Mo-bearing alloys, i.e., U-MT5Z (U-2.5Mo-2.5Ti-5.0Zr in wt. %) and U-MT7Z (U-1.5Mo-1.5Ti-7.0Zr in wt. %) are were characterized and compared. The characterization techniques are were differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). DSC was performed to obtain the transition behaviors, and XRD and SEM/EDS were applied for phase identification. The results are were combined to obtain the solid-state phase transitions between 500°C to 850°C of the four for the alloys. It is found that the Nb-bearing alloys comprise similar phase transition behaviors as the Mo-bearing alloys. The phase transitions in U-NT5Z are α → γ at 608°C and U2Ti → γ at 627°C, which are ~40°C higher than that of U-MT5Z. The phase transition in U-NT7Z is α → γ at 645°C, and is 23°C higher than that of U-MT7Z.
FLOOD PEAKS FROM SMALL SOUTHWEST RANGE WATERSHED

RUNOFF ON THE 67-SQUARE-MILE ALAMOGORDO CREEK EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED IN NORTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO IS GENERATED FROM STORM PRECIPITATION WITH GREATLY DIFFERING CHARACTERISTICS. THE LARGEST PEAK DISCHARGES OCCURRED FROM A COMBINATION OF CONVECTIVE HEATING AND WEAK SUMMER COLD FRONTS. THUNDERSTORMS WITHIN FRONTAL SYSTEMS HAVE PRODUCED LARGE PEAK DISCHARGES AND RUNOFF VOLUMES, WHEREAS THE LONG-DURATION SUMMER FRONTAL STORMS HAVE PRODUCED APPRECIABLE VOLUMES OF RUNOFF, BUT MUCH LOWER PEAK DISCHARGES. FOR A STORM DURATION OF LESS THAN SIX HOURS, THE POINT PRECIPITATION FREQUENCIES APPEAR TO BE HIGHER THAN THOSE PUBLISHED BY THE U.S. WEATHER BUREAU. THE DATA SHOW THE IMPORTANCE OF WATERSHED RAINFALL VALUES AS COMPARED TO SINGLE POINT VALUES. THE FIVE LARGEST RUNOFF EVENTS DURING THE 14-YEAR RECORD ARE COMPARED AND DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO PRECIPITATION DIFFERENCES. BY EXTRAPOLATION OF THE AVAILABLE DATA, USING A LOG-NORMAL FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION, THE 20-YEAR FLOOD WAS ESTIMATED TO BE 8,700 CFS. /ASCE/
An Improved Longitudinal Stability Calculation

The conventional method of calculating static longitudinal stability is improved by taking into account the moment of the fuselage in addition to the wing and tail moments about the center of gravity of an airplane. The general equation for the fuselage moment, which is always unstable or stalling, is derived and presented in terms of the dynamic pressure, the angle of attack and two constants which depend on the shape of the fuselage only. These constants are explained theoretically and approximate values for them are given. These approximations lead to a simplified equation for the fuselage moment which is correct up to an angle of attack of about 12 °, as shown by comparison with existing experimental results. I t is also pointed out, tha t in calculating the fuselage moment for a stability investigation of an airplane, the downwash induced by the wing should be taken into consideration. A static stability calculation is carried through for an airplane for which the total moment about its center of gravity is known from test results. A comparison of theoretical and experimental values shows that the improved method is in much better agreement with tests than the conventional method of stability calculation.
Long-term potentiation and long-term depression of primary afferent neurotransmission in the rat spinal cord

Synaptic transmission between dorsal root afferents and neurons in the superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn (laminae I-III) was examined by intracellular recording in a transverse slice preparation of rat spinal cord. Brief high-frequency electrical stimulation (300 pulses at 100 Hz) of primary afferent fibers produced a long-term potentiation (LTP) or a long-term depression (LTD) of fast (monosynaptic and polysynaptic) EPSPs in a high proportion of dorsal horn neurons. Both the AMPA and the NMDA receptor-mediated components of synaptic transmission at the primary afferent synapses with neurons in the dorsal horn can exhibit LTP and LTD of the synaptic responses. In normal and neonatally capsaicin-treated rats, the induction of LTP requires the activation of NMDA receptor-gated conductances. The induction of LTP or LTD, however, was not abolished in the presence of bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist. The results demonstrate that distinct and long-lasting modulation in synaptic efficiency can be induced at primary afferent synapses with neurons in the superficial laminae of spinal dorsal horn by high-frequency stimulation of dorsal root afferents and that these changes may be physiologically relevant for transmission and integration of sensory information, including pain.
Fat metabolism in higher plants. Properties of a soluble stearyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase from maturing Carthamus tinctorius.

Abstract A soluble extract from maturing safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorius) synthesized [14C]oleic acid from [14C]malonate, or [14C]stearyl-acyl carrier protein. Stearyl-acyl carrier protein was generated from [14C]malonate by the seed extract. The desaturase had only a trace of activity when stearyl-CoA was the substrate. The stearyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase had a specific requirement for ferredoxin which was only partially replaced by flavodoxin. While NADPH was an effective reductant, NADH was ineffective. However, the most effective reductant was a system composed of ferredoxin, grana lamellae, ascorbic acid, dichlorophenolindophenol, and light. No NADPH requirement was observed when this reducing system was employed. Stearylacyl carrier protein desaturase activity was enhanced by dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione, but was partially inhibited by β-mercaptoethanol. The desaturase activity was inhibited by 1 m m potassium cyanide but insensitive to carbon monoxide. No lipid micelle requirement could be demonstrated.
Automatic labeling inconsistencies detection and correction for sentence unit segmentation in conversational speech

In conversational speech, irregularities in the speech such as overlaps and disruptions make it difficult to decide what is a sentence. Thus, despite very precise guidelines on how to label conversational speech with dialog acts (DA), labeling inconsistencies are likely to appear. In this work, we present various methods to detect labeling inconsistencies in the ICSI meeting corpus. We show that by automatically detecting and removing the inconsistent examples from the training data, we significantly improve the sentence segmentation accuracy. We then manually analyze 200 of noisy examples detected by the system and observe that only 13% of them are labeling inconsitencies, while the rest are errors done by the classifier. The errors naturally cluster into 5 main classes for each of which we give hints on how the system can be improved to avoid these mistakes.
Unusual effects of potassium deficiency on the heart of a child with cystinosis.

The case of a child with cystinosis in metabolic imbalance is presented in detail. This patient manifested multiple ectopic beats and serious atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances during intravenous administration of 5% glucose in 0.45% sodium chloride solution. The authors attribute these alarming manifestations to hypopotassemia. The conduction disturbances observed in this case have not been described in patients with hypopotassemia, but they have been frequently seen in experimental animals. The authors suggest that the sudden death of children with cystinosis during intravenous administration of glucose is caused by cardiac effects of potassium deficiency, possibly of the type presented in this case.
Microanatomy and intramural physical forces within the coronary arteries (man).

The osita of the left and right coronary arteries differ as to location, the distribution of surrounding muscle bundles, and in the extension of aortic elements into the proximal segments of the vessels. The muscle of the media of the right coronary artery is composed of thick bundles describing a helical contour and arranged in repetitive segments. Multiple muscle bundles make up the media of the anterier descending and circumflex arteries, and each bundle arises separately from different quadrants of the adventitia. Contraction of the muscle bundles may generate intramural physical forces. Ostial regions, sites of nearly continual deformation from the pulse wave, develop focal physical forces. Accentuation of these physical forces may occur in certain regions and result in the alteration of the histology of the artery by depositing connective tissue elements.
Pediatricians and Television: It’s Time to Rethink Our Messaging and Our Efforts

Television can be really bad for children. That is what study after study tells us. Watching too much television makes kids more likely to be overweight.1–4 It interferes with executive function5 and increases the risk of attentional problems.6,7 If they watch programming that contains sex, it can make them have sex earlier.8,9 It can make them more aggressive.10–12 And, in this issue, a study from New Zealand states that the more television you watch as a child, the more likely you are to have a criminal conviction, a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, or more aggressive personality traits as an adult.13 In the study, every extra hour of television watched by children on a weeknight increased by 30% the risk of having a criminal conviction by age 26. Clearly, it would be better for the physical and mental health of our children, not to mention their future prospects, if they listened to the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and … Address correspondence to Claire McCarthy, MD, General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA. E-mail: claire.mccarthymd{at}childrens.harvard.edu
Geometric and Electronic Structure Studies of the Binuclear Nonheme Ferrous Active Site of Toluene-4-monooxygenase: Parallels with Methane Monooxygenase and Insight into the Role of the Effector Proteins in O2 Activation

Multicomponent monooxygenases, which carry out a variety of highly specific hydroxylation reactions, are of great interest as potential biocatalysts in a number of applications. These proteins share many similarities in structure and show a marked increase in O2 reactivity upon addition of an effector component. In this study, circular dichroism (CD), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and variable-temperature, variable-field (VTVH) MCD have been used to gain spectroscopic insight into the Fe(II)Fe(II) active site in the hydroxylase component of Toluene-4 monoxygenase (T4moH) and the complex of T4moH bound by its effector protein, T4moD. These results have been correlated to spectroscopic data and density functional theory (DFT) calculations on MmoH and its interaction with MmoB. Together, these data provide further insight into the geometric and electronic structure of these biferrous active sites and, in particular, the perturbation associated with component B/D binding. It is found that binding of the ...
Trends in gender stratification, 1970–1985

This paper addresses causes and consequences of sociological interest in gender stratification after 1970. The most recent women's movement spurred empirical research on the topic but development of a general theory was slowed by accidents of disciplinary history. A theory of preindustrial gender stratification that leans on anthropology is therefore used to interpret trends that occur during industrialization. This analysis helps to explain why trends in mortality, education, fertility, women's labor force participation, and men's household participation should continue to improve women's status relative to the status of men.
Hepatic Metabolism of Glycodehydrocholic Acid in the Dog and Rat

SummaryOur results demonstrate extensive metabolism of GDCA in the dog and rat by a pathway similar to that for DCA in man (7). Assignment of reduced metabolites and relative ratios was made by tlc comparison of tritiated metabolites with known compounds. Trace bolus doses of GDCA result in complete reductive metabolism, and increasing molar doses result in the excretion of only small amounts (<5%) of unchanged GDCA in bile. Thus our in vivo experiments are in contrast to the absence of GDCA metabolism reported in the isolated, perfused rat liver (12).The authors are indebted to Ruthie Pettigrew and Becky Backof for invaluable technical assistance and to Jo Ellen Shockley for preparation of the manuscript.
The cry thresholds of normal infants and those with brain damage. An aid in the early diagnosis of severe brain damage.

A standardized program of successive painful stimuli was applied to nearly 300 children with the expectation that the vocal responses of normal subjects and of those with diffuse brain damage would differ significantly. Infants with diffuse brain damage require more stimulation to produce a standard 1 minute crying response than do normal infants. The efficiency of the technique varies between 74 and 83 per cent, depending upon the age level studied. Other criteria, e.g., shorter periods of crying, patterns of crying, etc., are being explored, particularly for infants under 4 days of age, in the hope of increasing the predictice efficiency of the method.
Visualization of caldesmon on smooth muscle thin filaments.

Caldesmon, a narrow, elongated actin-binding protein, is found in both nonmuscle and smooth muscle cells. It inhibits actomyosin ATPase and filament severing in vitro, and is thus a putative regulatory protein. To elucidate its function, we have used electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to reveal the location of caldesmon on isolated smooth muscle thin filaments. Caldesmon density was clearly delineated in reconstructions and found to occur peripherally, on the extreme outer edge of actin subdomains-1 and 2, without making obvious contacts with tropomyosin strands on the inner domains of actin. When the reconstructions were fitted to the atomic model of F-actin, caldesmon appeared to cover potentially weak sites of myosin interaction with actin, while, together with tropomyosin, it flanked strong sites of myosin interaction, without covering them. These interactions are unlike those of troponin-tropomyosin and therefore inhibition of actomyosin ATPase by caldesmon-tropomyosin and by troponin-tropomyosin cannot occur in the same way. The location of caldesmon would allow it to compete with a number of cellular actin-binding proteins, including those known to sever or sequester actin.
Adsorption of Chromium(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using an Imidazole Functionalized Adsorbent

Separation of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions is investigated using an imidazole functionalized sol−gel adsorbent. This adsorbent has been formed by the sol−gel synthesis method. The speciation diagram of Cr(VI) in an aqueous system with varying pH is studied by analyses of the equilibria equations. Batch adsorption equilibrium studies show a decrease in chromium uptake capacity with increase in pH in the range from 2 to 9, and the uptake capacity at pH 2.5 is found to be 2.93 mmol/g (152 mg/g). The Langmuir adsorption isotherm gives a satisfactory fit of the adsorption data. A kinetics study conducted with different concentrations of chromium(VI) in a batch reactor shows a rapid rate of adsorption. The adsorbent shows a high selectivity toward Cr(VI) and negligible adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II). Adsorption tests in a fixed bed column show a sharp breakthrough curve. Stripping of the chromium-loaded column bed is achieved using 4 M HNO3. Twenty cycles of adsorption and desorption process ar...
Picosecond fiber laser oscillator at 1.5 μm with 2.3W average output power and 160 MHz repetition rate

Heavily doped active fibers based on the soft phosphate glass offer an attractive gain medium for compact and high-power laser oscillators. We report a passively modelocked fiber oscillator at 1.5μm based on such active fiber. The standing-wave laser cavity consists of a 20cm-long piece of the side-pumped active phosphate fiber which is heavily co-doped with Er and Yb ions, and a low-ratio fused coupler. The length of the all-fiber laser cavity is 65cm. The modelocked operation of the oscillator is started and sustained by a Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM), and no additional pulse narrowing mechanism is used. In order to avoid a premature over-saturation of the SESAM, the fiber end which is butt-coupled to the SESAM is adiabatically tapered which expands the propagating fiber mode and decreases the power density incident on the absorber substantially. The stable modelocked operation of the laser oscillator occurs in the range between 0.65W and 2.3W of the average output power, which is limited by the maximum available pump power at 975nm. The peak pulse power is limited by the saturated SESAM at ~450W, and the pulse width grows from 11psec to 35psec as the pump power is increased. At the pulse repetition rate of 160MHz, the pulse energy reaches 14.4nJ. Our laser oscillator combines the convenience of the all-fiber construction with the power performance previously achievable only with the modelocked bulk-optic laser oscillators or more complex systems involving fiber amplifiers.
Learning and innovation in the context of process-focused management practices: The case of an environmental management system

Adoption of process-focused management practices has been associated with inertia and rigidity in adopting firms. By drawing on the literature on routines and using survey data from 192 ISO 14001 certified facilities in the United States, I find that change catalysis or a deep form of learning which presents the opportunity for innovation can happen in this context. I also examine the internal and external determinants of change catalysis. By doing so I contribute to a better understanding of how process-focused management practices can be a source of innovation within firms.
Efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release and immediate-release paroxetine in the treatment of depression.

BACKGROUND Antidepressant efficacy may be compromised by early discontinuation of treatment secondary to common, treatment-emergent side effects, including nausea, agitation, and somnolence. Paroxetine controlled-release (CR) was developed to improve general tolerability and, in particular, gastrointestinal tolerability. OBJECTIVE To determine the antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine CR in adult patients 18 to 65 years of age with DSM-IV major depressive disorder. METHOD Paroxetine CR (25-62.5 mg/day; N = 212) and paroxetine immediate-release (IR; 20-50 mg/day; N = 217) were compared with placebo (N = 211) in the pooled dataset from 2 identical, double-blind, 12-week clinical trials. RESULTS Both paroxetine CR and paroxetine IR exhibited efficacy in major depressive disorder as assessed by the reduction in 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score compared with placebo. Moreover, depressed mood and psychic anxiety symptoms improved as early as treatment week 1 in the paroxetine CR group compared with the placebo group. After 6 weeks of treatment, response and remission rates were 41.5% and 20.5% for placebo, 52.8% and 29.6% for paroxetine IR, and 58.9% and 34.4% for paroxetine CR, respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment, response and remission rates were 61.2% and 44.0% for placebo, 72.9% and 52.5% for paroxetine IR, and 73.7% and 56.2% for paroxetine CR, respectively. Rates of nausea were significantly lower for paroxetine CR (14%) than for paroxetine IR (23%; p < or = .05) during week 1. Rates of dropout due to adverse events were comparable between paroxetine CR and placebo, while significantly (p = .0008) more patients treated with paroxetine IR withdrew from the study prematurely compared with those treated with placebo. CONCLUSION Paroxetine CR is an effective and well-tolerated antidepressant exhibiting symptomatic improvement as early as week 1. Paroxetine CR is associated with low rates of early-onset nausea and dropout rates due to adverse events comparable to those of placebo. The clinical improvement seen with paroxetine CR, coupled with its favorable adverse event profile, suggests a benefit for therapeutic outcome with paroxetine CR.