cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neoplastic-like transformation effect of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes compared to asbestos on human lung small airway epithelial cells

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are biopersistent and can cause lung damage. With similar fibrous morphology and mode of exposure to asbestos, a known human carcinogen, growing concern has arisen for elevated risk of CNT-induced lung carcinogenesis; however, relatively little is known about the long-term carcinogenic effect of CNT. Neoplastic transformation is a key early event leading to carcinogenesis. We studied the ability of single- and multi-walled CNTs to induce neoplastic transformation of human lung epithelial cells compared to asbestos. Long-term (6-month) exposure of the cells to occupationally relevant concentrations of CNT in culture caused a neoplastic-like transformation phenotype as demonstrated by increased cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, invasion and angiogenesis. Whole-genome expression signature and protein expression analyses showed that single- and multi-walled CNTs shared similar signaling signatures which were distinct from asb...
Electrotonic Spread of Dendritic Potentials in Feline Pyramidal Cells

In pyramidal cells synaptic activation of the entire apical dendritic tree distal to the branch point of the major shaft can dominate the neuronal firing pattern. Uniform synaptic activation of distant parts of the dendritic tree (~ 750 microns from the soma) would produce potential changes at the soma of 2 to 3 percent of the magnitude of the dendritic potential changes. Even these small somatic potential changes could modulate the frequency of firing of neurons depolarized close to or above firing level by more proximal synaptic inputs.
Identification of a novel nicotinic binding site in mouse brain using [125I]-epibatidine

[(125)I]-Epibatidine binds to multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes with high affinity. In this study, [(125)I]-epibatidine was used to label and characterize a novel nAChR subtype found in mouse brain inferior colliculus, interpeduncular nucleus, and olfactory bulb homogenates. Binding of [(125)I]-epibatidine was saturable and apparently monophasic in each brain region (K:(D:)=71+/-12 pM mean+/-s.e.mean across regions) but inhibition of [(125)I]-epibatidine binding (200 pM) by A85380, cytisine and (-)-nicotine was biphasic, indicating the presence of multiple binding sites. The sites with lower agonist affinity comprised 30.0+/-2.2, 58.6+/-0.1 and 48.7+/-3.3% of specific [(125)I]-epibatidine (200 pM) binding in inferior colliculus, interpeduncular nucleus, and olfactory bulb homogenates, respectively. The affinity difference between A85380-sensitive and -resistant binding sites was particularly marked (approximately 1000 fold). Thus A85380 was used to differentiate agonist-sensitive and -resistant sites. The pharmacological profiles of the A85380-resistant sites in each region were assessed with inhibition binding experiments, using 14 agonists and five antagonists. The profiles were indistinguishable across regions, implying that A85380-resistant [(125)I]-epibatidine binding sites in inferior colliculus, interpeduncular nucleus, and olfactory bulb represent a single nAChR subtype. The pharmacological profile of the A85380-resistant sites is very different from that previously reported for high affinity (-)-[(3)H]-nicotine-, [(125)I]-alpha-bungarotoxin-, or [(125)I]-alpha-conotoxin MII-binding sites, suggesting that they represent a novel nAChR population in mouse brain.
Generational Ideas in Curriculum: A Historical Triangulation

AbstractIn this article, I examine the work of John Franklin Bobbitt, Ralph Tyler, and Joseph Schwab with the intention of identifying lines of continuity and change in the curriculum field. Most curriculum scholars cast this group of three in an analytical framework that puts Tyler in kinship with Bobbitt, and that puts Schwab, by virtue of his declaration of moribundity against the field, in separation from Tyler and the historical line of thinking that he represented. I argue, however, that the turbulence caused by Schwab’s 1969 criticism of the curriculum field, far from supporting an argument for some iconoclastic separation from the traditional lines of the field, could more accurately be interpreted as an endorsement (with improvements) of the historic field. I make this case by pointing to the sustenance of what I call generational ideas in the curriculum field, which are ideas that have their roots in the defining moments of the curriculum field and that have persisted (some with modification) ov...
The effect of temperature on the preservation of purine and pyrimidine bases

Abstract The aerobic solid phase decomposition of the five major naturally-occurring purine and pyrimidine bases of the nucleic acids was studied spectrophotometrically. Throughout the temperature range 115–264°C, the decompositions follow first-order kinetics and obey the Arrhenius relationship except in the case of guanine where a distinct change in slope was noted at about 200°C. The energies of activation and temperature ranges studied are as follows: cytosine, 36.2 kcal/mole (121–246°C); thymine, 23.4 kcal/mole (115–221°C); uracil, 32.3 kcal/mole (115–196°C); adenine, 36·4 kcal/mole (115–221°C); guanine, 23·4 kcal/mole (115–196°C); 11.6 kcal/mole (196–264°C). Extrapolations suggest that under the conditions studied adenine and cytosine would have half-lives of approximately 10 6 years at 25°, guanine and uracil would have half-lives of between 10 4 and 10 5 years, while thymine would have a half-life of less than 10 3 years.
Economics at the Federal Communications Commission

This article reviews several issues confronted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) over the past year and discusses some of the economic analysis employed by the FCC in examining these issues. The article also identifies areas in which future academic research would be valuable to the agency.
Women's derogatory terms for men: That's right, “dirty” words

Much of the research concerning “women's language” has focused on differences in pitch and intonation, expressions of uncertainty, and politeness and correctness of form; all predicated on the assumption that women are socially and linguistically conservative and therefore more likely to use standard or prestige forms. This is a study of the derogatory terms (“dirty” words) that women use to refer to men. The frequency and variance of response that results from the study calls into question the assumption that women are more prone to use standard forms of speech, and suggests that the standard/nonstandard distinction is more appropriately applied to the contrast between public versus private discourse than to that of the speech patterns of women versus the language use of men. (Women's language, linguistic taboos, response suppression, prestige forms, public and private discourse)
Engagement and Empathy: A Pilot Study of the Therapeutic Alliance in Outpatient Child Psychiatry

The therapeutic alliance has been a neglected area of study within child psychiatry and psychology. Using an unselected outpatient series, a number of approaches to capturing components of the treatment alliance were investigated in relation to other characteristics of the case and the reported outcome. Engagement in treatment explained more of the variance in outcome than any other factor, including demographic variables or type of treatment. Engagement in treatment itself was found to be most linked to the patient's experience of accurate empathy from the therapist. Ideas for further study of the therapeutic alliance in children's treatments are discussed.
Reliability Life Cycle of a Complex Electronic Airborne Equipment

A good reliability program through design and production results in excellent equipment performance in the field. A full life cycle under controlled failure reporting and analysis procedures is covered. An excess of 48 000 flight hours over 27 000 missions with 303 failures reported from five reporting maintenance shops constitutes the field reporting phase. In addition, details and supporting documentation of the overall reliability program during the Design Phase, Demonstration Phase, Production Phase and Field Use Phase are presented.
Genome Regulation by Long Noncoding RNAs

The central dogma of gene expression is that DNA is transcribed into messenger RNAs, which in turn serve as the template for protein synthesis. The discovery of extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), provides an important new perspective on the centrality of RNA in gene regulation. Here, we discuss genome-scale strategies to discover and characterize lncRNAs. An emerging theme from multiple model systems is that lncRNAs form extensive networks of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes with numerous chromatin regulators and then target these enzymatic activities to appropriate locations in the genome. Consistent with this notion, lncRNAs can function as modular scaffolds to specify higher-order organization in RNP complexes and in chromatin states. The importance of these modes of regulation is underscored by the newly recognized roles of long RNAs for proper gene control across all kingdoms of life.
Estrogen Regulates MAPK-Related Genes through Genomic and Nongenomic Interactions between IGF-I Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Signaling Pathways in Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cells

Estrogen and growth factors play a major role in uterine leiomyoma (UtLM) growth possibly through interactions of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) signaling. We determined the genomic and nongenomic effects of 17-estradiol (E2) on IGF-IR/MAPKp44/42 signaling and gene expression in human UtLM cells with intact or silenced IGF-IR. Analysis by RT2 Profiler PCR-array showed genes involved in IGF-IR/MAPK signaling were upregulated in UtLM cells by E2 including cyclin D kinases, MAPKs, and MAPK kinases; RTK signaling mediator, GRB2; transcriptional factors ELK1 and E2F1; CCNB2 involved in cell cycle progression, proliferation, and survival; and COL1A1 associated with collagen synthesis. Silencing (si)IGF-IR attenuated the above effects and resulted in upregulation of different genes, such as transcriptional factor ETS2; the tyrosine kinase receptor, EGFR; and DLK1 involved in fibrosis. E2 rapidly activated IGF-IR/MAPKp44/42 signaling nongenomically and induced phosphorylation of ER at ser118 in cells with a functional IGF-IR versus those without. E2 also upregulated IGF-I gene and protein expression through a prolonged genomic event. These results suggest a pivotal role of IGF-IR and possibly other RTKs in mediating genomic and nongenomic hormone receptor interactions and signaling in fibroids and provide novel genes and targets for future intervention and prevention strategies.
Contrasting glacial/interglacial regimes in the western Arctic Ocean as exemplified by a sedimentary record from the Mendeleev Ridge

Distinct cyclicity in lithology and microfaunal distribution in sediment cores from the Mendeleev Ridge in the western Arctic Ocean (water depths ca. 1.5 km) reflects contrasting glacial/interglacial sedimentary patterns. We conclude that during major glaciations extremely thick pack ice or ice shelves covered the western Arctic Ocean and its circulation was restricted in comparison with interglacial,modern-type conditions. Glacier collapse events are marked in sediment cores by increased contents of ice-rafted debris,notably by spikes of detrital carbonates and iron oxide grains from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Composition of foraminiferal calcite N 18 O and N 13 C also shows strong cyclicity indicating changes in freshwater balance and/or ventilation rates of the Arctic Ocean. Light stable isotopic spikes characterize deglacial events such as the last deglaciation at ca. 12 14 C kyr BP. The prolonged period with low N 18 O and N 13 C values and elevated contents of iron oxide grains from the Canadian Archipelago in the lower part of the Mendeleev Ridge record is interpreted to signify the pooling of freshwater in the Amerasia Basin,possibly in relation to an extended glaciation in arctic North America. Unique benthic foraminiferal events provide a means for an independent stratigraphic correlation of sedimentary records from the Mendeleev Ridge and other mid-depth locations throughout the Arctic Ocean such as the Northwind and Lomonosov Ridges. This correlation demonstrates the disparity of existing age models and underscores the need to establish a definitive chronostratigraphy for Arctic Ocean sediments. ; 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Dynamics and scaling in quasi-two-dimensional turbulent convection

High Rayleigh number (4 x 104-3 × 107) quasi-two-dimensional convection is studied experimentally, numerically, and theoretically. The fluid is contained in an isothermal Hele-Shaw cell, which enforces the two dimensionality, and the convection is driven by an externally imposed vertical concentration gradient. The full two dimensional concentration field is imaged experimentally and is sampled at regular intervals spanning between five and fifty convective times (the time it takes a plume to cross the cell). The most prominent and dynamically significant features of the flow are solutal plumes which form within the concentration boundary layer. Tip splitting of plumes leading to smaller length scales and merging of plumes leading to larger length scales are observed. A model of Hele-Shaw convection, which includes a friction term due to the boundaries parallel to the velocity field, is simulated. The evolution of the pattern and dynamics of the concentration field, as well as time averaged spatial spectra, are obtained from the experiment and simulation. Results for exponents which describe how the Nusselt number and Reynolds number scale with Rayleigh number are obtained theoretically and compared with the values from simulation.
Nuclear Phosphoinositides: A Signaling Enigma Wrapped in a Compartmental Conundrum

While the presence of phosphoinositides in the nuclei of eukaryotes and the identity of the enzymes responsible for their metabolism have been known for some time, their functions in the nucleus are only now emerging. This is illustrated by the recent identification of effectors for nuclear phosphoinositides. Like the cytosolic phosphoinositide signaling pathway, nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2) is at the center of the pathway and acts both as a messenger and as a precursor for many additional messengers. Here, recent advances in the understanding of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling and its functions are reviewed with an emphasis on PI4,5P2 and its role in gene expression. The compartmentalization of nuclear phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPn) remains a mystery, but emerging evidence suggests that phosphoinositides occupy several functionally distinct compartments.
An investigation of the equilibrium of the reaction {L-aspartate(aq)+2-oxoglutarate(aq)=oxaloacetate(aq)+L-glutamate(aq)}

Abstract Apparent equilibrium constants have been measured for the following biochemical reaction: L -aspartate(aq) + 2-oxoglutarate(aq) = oxaloacetate(aq) + L -glutamate(aq). This reaction, catalysed by aspartate transaminase, was studied over the ranges 283.15≤T/K≤303.15, 6.94≤pH≤7.13, and 0.163≤Im/(mol·kg−1)≤0.167, whereTis temperature andImis ionic strength. The instability of the oxaloacetate in solution required the use of an experimental procedure that was brief. Thus, the procedure used was to measure the change in the chromatographic response ΔRof the oxaloacetate chromatographic peak that accompanied the reaction. Values of ΔRwere measured for several solutions under near equilibrium conditions. The chromatographic response ΔRis expected to be zero for a solution that is at equilibrium with regard to the above reaction and prior to the addition of the enzyme. The results were used to calculate the standard molar Gibbs energy change ΔrGm°=(4.82±0.21) kJ·mol−1, the equilibrium constantK=(0.143±0.012), the standard molar enthalpy change ΔrHm°=(1.9±2.9) kJ·mol−1, and the standard molar entropy change ΔrSm°=− -03(10±10) J·K−1·mol−1for the following chemical reference reaction atT=298.15 K andIm=0: L -aspartate−(aq) + 2-oxoglutarate2−(aq) = oxaloacetate2−(aq) + L -glutamate−(aq). Under near physiological conditions (T= 311.15 K, pH = 7.0,Im= 0.25 mol·kg−1) the apparent equilibrium constantK′ for the overall biochemical reaction is calculated to have the value 0.147; the standard transformed Gibbs energy change ΔrGm′°=4.96 kJ·mol−1under these conditions.
Radiation damage and annealing in GaAs solar cells

Work on radiation damage and annealing of GaAs cells for space power applications is reviewed. The performance of cells before and after irradiation and after thermal annealing is correlated to the nature and density of defect centers identified using deep-level transient spectroscopy techniques. Two important deep levels are present in electron- and proton-irradiated GaAs cells (E/sub c/ -0.71 eV and E/sub v/ +0.71 eV). The data from periodic and continuous annealing experiments show that GaAs cells are more radiation resistant than silicon and that the damage can be annealed at temperatures as low as 200 degrees C. On the basis of these data, specific annealing schedules that can greatly enhance the end-of-life efficiency of the cells for specific missions can be designed for GaAs solar panels. >
The coronary-prone behavior pattern, blood pressure, employment and socio-economic status in women

Abstract The Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern is a hard-driving style of life which is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. For the 40–59-yr old women in this study, the Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern was associated with high occupational status. In contrast, the Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern was not related to the occupational status of the woman's husband or whether she was currently married. Thus the Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern may be related to success in the traditional male occupational role, but not to a woman's success in the marital role. The Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern was more common among women employed full-time than among housewives and women employed part-time. Women with the Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern did not prefer longer hours of employment; rather, these women were more likely to work longer hours than they preferred. Few of the women who were taking anti-hypertensive medication were employed full-time. Among women who were not under treatment for hypertension, full-time employment was associated with higher blood pressures. These findings suggest that full-time employment may contribute to increased blood pressures, and yet overt hypertension may be less common among employed women since women who become ill tend to leave their jobs.
Short-term parenteral nutrition with glucose and Intralipid: effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins

We prospectively investigated the effect of a 3-wk course of parenteral nutrition with 20% glucose, 4.25% amino acids, and 10% Intralipid on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in a cohort of 12 nutritionally replete patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Mean total serum cholesterol and mean total serum phospholipids increased in parallel throughout the study; density gradient ultracentrifugation demonstrated these increases were due to the appearance of lipoprotein-X. The mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) mass on the density gradients decreased during the study and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels decreased by 28% by the end of the third week. Plasma free fatty acids decreased by 42%. These results demonstrate that the glucose and 10% Intralipid regimen caused modest decreases in serum HDL cholesterol and LDL mass and the prompt appearance of lipoprotein-X with attendant hypercholesterolemia and hyperphospholipidemia. Patients undergoing long-term treatment with glucose and Intralipid should be closely monitored for the occurrence of significant dyslipoproteinemia.
Smooth Muscle-Specific Transcription Without a CArG Box Element

Studies of the transcriptional control of vascular smooth muscle-specific gene expression have highlighted the importance of a conserved DNA recognition element known as a CArG box. This element has the core sequence CC[AT]6GG and is the binding site for the central MADS box domain of the serum response factor (SRF). All smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific promoter/enhancer elements characterized to date exhibit a strong dependence upon SRF binding to CArG elements located either in the 5′ promoter region, the first intron, or both. It is therefore of considerable interest that a study by Layne et al1 found in this issue of Circulation Research reports the identification of regulatory elements from the mouse aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein ( ACLP ) promoter that drive reporter gene expression in transgenic mice in a vascular smooth muscle-specific pattern in the absence of a recognizable CArG element. Mouse ACLP was discovered in a screen for human aortic proteins that interact with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain of E47.2 E47, and its related family member E12, are heterodimeric binding partners for myogenic factors (MyoD and myogenin). Heterodimer formation is required for transcriptional activation by myogenic bHLH factors. One of the clones recovered in this screen was a truncated form of human ACLP, which was used to isolate a full-length clone. Sequence analysis of the full-length cDNA revealed that ACLP is a secreted protein that contains a discoidin I-like domain and a catalytically-inactive metallocarboxypeptidase domain. Proteins encoded by the truncated ACLP cDNA bound to E47, whereas full-length ACLP did not. ACLP protein distribution in adult mice is highly restricted to vascular smooth muscle, with no detectable expression in cardiac or skeletal muscle.2 Consistent with sequence analysis, ACLP protein was found in apparent association with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Immunostaining of E15.5 mouse embryos …
Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Dynamics at Room Temperature

The spirit of studying single-molecule behaviors dates back to the turn of the century. In addition to Einstein`s well-known work on Brownian motion, there has been a tradition for studying single {open_quotes}macromolecules{close_quotes} or a small number of molecules either by light scattering or by fluorescence using an optical microscope. Modern computers have allowed detailed studies of single-molecule behaviors in condensed media through molecular dynamics simulations. Optical spectroscopy offers a wealth of information on the structure, interaction, and dynamics of molecular species. With the motivation of removing {open_quotes}inhomogeneous broadening{close_quotes}, spectroscopic techniques have evolved from spectral hole burning, fluorescence line narrowing, and photo-echo to the recent pioneering work on single-molecule spectroscopy in solids at cryogenic temperatures. High-resolution spectroscopic work on single molecules relies on zero phonon lines which appear at cryogenic temperatures, and have narrow line widths and large absorption cross sections. Recent advances in near-field and confocal fluorescence have allowed not only fluorescence imaging of single molecules with high spatial resolutions but also single-molecule spectroscopy at room temperature. In this Account, the author provides a physical chemist`s perspective on experimental and theoretical developments on room-temperature single-molecule spectroscopy and dynamics, with the emphasis on the information obtainable from single-molecule experiments. 61 refs.,more » 9 figs.« less
Rupert C. Barneby and Pugillus Astragalorum

Abstract Welsh, Stanley L. (Rm 375 MLBM, Stanley L. Welsh Herbarium, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602 U.S.A.; stanley_welsh@byu.edu). Rupert C. Barneby and Pugillus Astragalorum. Brittonia 57: 301–313. 2005.— Rupert C. Barneby, his monumental contributions to the taxonomy of Astragalus and his place among American botanists, is discussed. His twenty contributions in the series Pugillus Astragalorum spanned fifteen years of his botanical development from an interested naturalist to an accomplished taxonomist in this extremely species-rich genus. Barneby's work on Astragalus culminated in the 1188 pages of the Atlas of North American Astragalus, which treated of 552 taxa and was published in 1964.
University Centers Programs: Creative Solutions For Serving Remote Populations

University Centers programs are designed to provide University level classes to students at remote locations and to facilitate a transition from local two-year institutions to regional four-year institutions. Although similar in concept to satellite campuses and often using technologies associated with distance learning, University Centers programs also have unique characteristics that bring additional issues and concerns that need to be addressed. In this paper we introduce the University Centers concept and review related administrative arrangements and uses of technology. We then explore the unique issues and concerns of University Centers, drawing upon the experiences of one university’s involvement with University Centers for examples of both opportunities and solutions. Guidelines will be presented for universities that are considering becoming involved in a University Centers program.
Chemical Probes of Substrate Channeling in The E. Coli Tryptophan Synthase α2β2 Bienzyme Complex

It has been proposed that indole produced at the active site of the tryptophan synthase a-subunit via cleavage of 3-indoIe-[D- glycerol 3-phosphate] (IGP) is transferred to the 0β-subunit by a direct transfer mechanism. The X-ray structure of Salmonella α2β2 shows a long, interconnecting channel linking the α and β sites (C.W. Hyde, C.A. Padlan, D.R. Davies, S.A. Ahmed and E.W. Miles, personal communication). Herein we report evidence for E. coli α2β2 indicating that channeling of indole between α and β sites is obligatory for the reaction of indole with the α-aminoacrylate Schiff’s base intermediate, E(A-A), at the β-subunit. When indole and indole analogues react with E(A-A), transient quinoidal intermediates are rapidly formed (with λmax 454 to 476 nm). The rate of quininoid formation is slowed greatly by the binding of D,L-α-glycerol 3-phosphate (GP), an IGP analogue, to the α-subunit catalytic site. Nevertheless, GP increases the amount of quininoid which accumulates. Small nucleophiles such as hydroxylamine also yield transient quininoids when reacted with E(A-A). However, the presence of GP has essentially no effect on the rate of formation of these species. We propose that indole enters the channel via the α-subunit active site and diffuses along the channel to the β- subunit active site where reaction with E(A-A) takes place. If the channel is the obligatory route for indole, then the inhibitory effects of GP binding likely are due to a steric blocking of the channel entrance. Either the access of small nucleophiles to the channel opening is not blocked by GP, or there is an alternative path for reaction with E(A-A).
Subvisible Particle Content, Formulation, and Dose of an Erythropoietin Peptide Mimetic Product Are Associated With Severe Adverse Postmarketing Events

Peginesatide (Omontys(®); Affymax, Inc., Cupertino, CA) was voluntarily withdrawn from the market less than a year after the product launch. Although clinical trials had demonstrated the drug to be safe and efficacious, 49 cases of anaphylaxis, including 7 fatalities, were reported not long after market introduction. Commercialization was initiated with a multiuse vial presentation, which differs in formulation from the single-use vial presentation used in phase 3 studies. Standard physical and chemical testing did not indicate any deviation from product specifications in either formulation. However, an analysis of subvisible particulates using nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow imaging revealed a significantly higher concentration of subvisible particles in the multiuse vial presentation linked to the hypersensitivity cases. Although it is unknown whether the elevated particulate content is causally related to these serious adverse events, this report illustrates the utility of characterizing subvisible particulates not captured by conventional light obscuration.
Molecular Design of Carboxylic Precursors for Zirconia

Several carboxylic acid derivatives of zirconium were investigated for their potential utility as precursors for zirconia fibers and thin films. The reactions of ZrOCl2· 8H2O and ZrCl4 with succinic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, benzene tetracarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxyiminopropionic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and β-alanine were performed and the thermal behavior of the products was investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis. The objective was to find preceramic compounds with low pyrolysis temperatures and physical properties suitable for materials processing.
Dynamic expression of the cell adhesion molecule fasciclin I during embryonic development in Drosophila

A number of different cell surface glycoproteins expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) have been identified in insects and shown to mediate cell adhesion in tissue culture systems. The fasciclin I protein is expressed on a subset of CNS axon pathways in both grasshopper and Drosophila. It consists of four homologous 150-amino acid domains which are unrelated to other sequences in the current databases, and is tethered to the cell surface by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage. In this paper we examine in detail the expression of fasciclin I mRNA and protein during Drosophila embryonic development. We find that fasciclin I is expressed in several distinct patterns at different stages of development. In blastoderm embryos it is briefly localized in a graded pattern. During the germ band extended period its expression evolves through two distinct phases. Fasciclin I mRNA and protein are initially localized in a 14-stripe pattern which corresponds to segmentally repeated patches of neuroepithelial cells and neuroblasts. Expression then becomes confined to CNS and peripheral sensory (PNS) neurons. Fasciclin I is expressed on all PNS neurons, and this expression is stably maintained for several hours. In the CNS, fasciclin I is initially expressed on all commissural axons, but then becomes restricted to specific axon bundles. The early commissural expression pattern is not observed in grasshopper embryos, but the later bundle-specific pattern is very similar to that seen in grasshopper. The existence of an initial phase of expression on all commissural bundles helps to explain the loss-of-commissures phenotype of embryos lacking expression of both fasciclin I and of the D-abl tyrosine kinase. Fasciclin I is also expressed in several nonneural tissues in the embryo.
Brief Comments on the Intelligence Training of Basketball Players

Modern basketball sports is a sporting item combined science with intelligence.A basketball competition is not only a match of coaches' intelligence,but also a match of athletes' strength,techniques,strategies and intelligence.The aims of intelligence training are to make athletes' techniques more skillful,and to make their strategies more masterful.The athletes can benefit a lot from such kind of training;as a result,they can defeat their competitors and win the match easily.Furthermore,it also can enrich the athletes' knowledge and improve their competitive ability better and fast.
Phosphate depletion increases cytosolic calcium of brain synaptosomes.

Phosphate depletion (PD) is associated with a rise in resting levels of [Ca2+]i in pancreatic islets. It is not known whether this derangement occurs in other cells, and the mechanisms by which PD affects [Ca2+]i have not been delineated. This study examined the effect of PD on [Ca2+]i of brain synaptosomes and evaluated potential mechanisms that may lead to rise in their [Ca2+]i. [Ca2+]i levels in synaptosomes of PD rats (460 +/- 18.3 nM) were higher (P less than 0.01) than those of pair-weighed (PW) rats (358 +/- 12.5 nM). Verapamil treatment of PD rats (PD-V) normalized [Ca2+]i in their synaptosomes (361 +/- 8.5 nM). In verapamil-treated PW rats (PW-V), synaptosomal [Ca2+]i (359 +/- 8.3 nM) was not affected. ATP content and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity of synaptosomes were lower (P less than 0.01) in PD rats than in PW, PD-V, and PW-V rats. The values of these parameters from the latter three groups were not different. Km of synaptosomal Ca2(+)-ATPase was not affected by PD but Vmax of this enzyme (2.5 +/- 0.33 mumol Pi.mg protein-1.h-1) was lower (P less than 0.05) than in PW (5.4 +/- 0.66 mumol Pi.mg protein-1.h-1), PD-V, and PW-V rats. Our data indicate that PD raises [Ca2+]i in brain synaptosomes and suggest that PD increases calcium entry into synaptosomes. This would inhibit mitochondrial ATP production, with a consequent fall in ATP content of synaptosomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical research informatics: survey of recent advances and trends in a maturing field.

Objectives To provide a survey of the field of clinical research informatics (CRI), focusing in particular on significant developments over the past 3 years and the insights they provide about the progress and state of the field. Methods An iterative "scoping review" of the literature published in scientific journals and conference proceedings that are relevant to CRI, from late 2009 to early 2013. Results 212 articles were identified, and 64 were selected to illustrate recent advances in the field. Based on those, six categories of CRI activity were identified: Data and Knowledge Management, Discovery and Standards; Clinical Data Re-Use for Research; Researcher Support and Resources; Participant Recruitment; Patients/Consumers and CRI; Policy, Regulatory and Fiscal Matters. Conclusions This survey demonstrates that the field of CRI has matured and is now well established. The ongoing work is essential to overcome many of the challenges the clinical research enterprise is facing and more work is needed. Even as work continues to establish necessary infrastructure, methods, and best practices, CRI researchers should strive for more rigorous study designs to evaluate the impacts of the work in the field. There is little doubt that the field is poised for rapid growth, and that the CRI literature will continue to reflect that growth in years to come.
From Postmarks to Literary Professionalism in Anthony Trollope’s John Caldigate

While John Caldigate’s April 1878 to June 1879 serialization in Blackwood’s Magazine preceded the Post Office’s most publicized disgrace, the 1889 Cleveland Street scandal, by ten years, the novel met a population well acquainted with inefficient, sometimes even criminal, postal servants, with high-ranking postal officials who had been accused of misappropriating funds, and with a slew of high and low postal officers who made themselves privy to the contents of private correspondence. Anthony Trollope himself, 33-year veteran of the Post Office, openly admitted the low regard in which the public held civil servants in general. He acknowledged that many believed that government offices ‘receive their recruits’ from the ‘idle, the weak in mind, the infirm in body, the unambitious, the jolterheads, the ne’er-do-wells, the puny, and the diseased’ and that ‘in the civil service … the idle drone enjoys as much honey as the busy bee’.1 Trollope enumerated the public’s convictions: ‘that clerks in public offices did not do their work; that inefficient young men were appointed … [and that] little was done to make them … effective’.2 Into this hostile climate, Trollope’s John Caldigate introduced Samuel Bagwax: postal servant turned hero.
BRAF kinase domain mutations in de novo acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation

BRAF is mutated in a spectrum of neoplasms, with the activating V600E mutation the most commonly described alteration. In hematologic neoplasms, the BRAF V600E mutation is most typically associated...
Levels of Evidence for Foot and Ankle Questions on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination: 15-Year Trends.

Background The foot and ankle (FA) content domain is a component of the orthopaedic in-training examination (OITE). Levels of evidence (LoE) have been infrequently studied on the OITE. The purpose of this study is to determine if LoE for primary journal articles referenced for FA questions increased over a 15-year period. We also aim to determine if reference characteristics and question taxonomy have changed during this period. Methods All 132 questions and 261 references in the FA content domain from 1995 to 1997 and from 2010 to 2012 were included. We defined the characteristics of each reference and taxonomy of each question. Every primary journal article was assigned a LoE based on American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) guidelines. Results Foot & Ankle International ( FAI ) was the most frequently cited journal. The change in the distribution of the Buckwalter classifications was statistically significant (p = 0.0286) with an increase in the number of clinical management questions. There were more level I studies on the 2010 to 2012 OITE (p = 0.0478) 6/54 (11%) of questions on the 2010 to 2012 OITE cited level I or II evidence compared with 3/78 (4%) on the 1995 to 1997 examinations (p = 0.1035). Conclusions There is a trend toward improved LoE for journal articles within the FA content domain on the OITE over a 15-year period, particularly when analyzing the increase in level I studies. FAI is the most frequently cited journal and questions increasingly test clinical management concepts. Clinical Relevance Our results can be used to help improve resident self-study and suggest that reviewing recent FAI articles may aid OITE preparation. Level of Evidence Basic Science
A fully tunable C-band reflectionless bandstop filter using L-resonators

This paper presents a fully tunable reflectionless bandstop filter using multi-section L-Resonators. The bandstop filter is designed to operate in the C-Band, tunable from 3.96–4.4 GHz with greater than 20 dB of in-band rejection and a return loss of better than 8 dB across the full tuning range. Simulation and measurement results are presented.
Does Breast Cancer Drive the Building of Survival Probability Models among States? An Assessment of Goodness of Fit for Patient Data from SEER Registries

Background: Breast cancer is a worldwide public health concern and is the most prevalent type of cancer in women in the United States. This study concerned the best fit of statistical probability models on the basis of survival times for nine state cancer registries: California, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Michigan, New Mexico, Utah, and Washington. Materials and Methods: A probability random sampling method was applied to select and extract records of 2,000 breast cancer patients from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database for each of the nine state cancer registries used in this study. EasyFit software was utilized to identify the best probability models by using goodness of fit tests, and to estimate parameters for various statistical probability distributions that fit survival data. Results: Statistical analysis for the summary of statistics is reported for each of the states for the years 1973 to 2012. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, and Chi-squared goodness of fit test values were used for survival data, the highest values of goodness of fit statistics being considered indicative of the best fit survival model for each state. Conclusions: It was found that California, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, New Mexico, and Washington followed the Burr probability distribution, while the Dagum probability distribution gave the best fit for Michigan and Utah, and Hawaii followed the Gamma probability distribution. These findings highlight differences between states through selected sociodemographic variables and also demonstrate probability modeling differences in breast cancer survival times. The results of this study can be used to guide healthcare providers and researchers for further investigations into social and environmental factors in order to reduce the occurrence of and mortality due to breast cancer.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: challenges of coronary computed tomography angiography.

Background:There is limited understanding of the role of cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for assessment of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD).Methods:In this...
Analysis of Customer Relationship Management Effects Toward Lovaltv of Consumers at Kafe XYZ

Effect of Customer Relationship Marketing program at Kafe XYZ Menteng toward loyalty of consumer is the aim of this research. Data are collected by spreading 100 questionnaires to visitors at Kafe XYZ. Menteng using convenience sapling method. The spread of questionnaires was done from 2 October 2006 up to 16 October 2006. Research finding indicates that there has been effect of Customer Relationship Marketing program taken at Kafe XYZ toward loyalty of consumer.
Defecting Witness: The Difficulty in Watching Regina José Galindo's PERRA

In 2005, Guatemalan artist Regina Jose Galindo carved the letters P-E-R-R-A (bitch) into her thigh, the same word carved onto the many victims of her country's feminicide crisis. PERRA urgently asks spectators to defect in the wake of grotesque violence, to refuse easy understanding and instead occupy a position of shared vulnerability. A practice of defecting privileges an ethics of responsibility despite and because of the impossibility for accurate representation.
Mesenchymal stem cells: new directions in treating asthma (THER2P.955)

INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) therapy has been investigated for inflammatory diseases. We studied MSCs efficacy in the murine model of chronic asthma hypothesizing that MSCs have the capacity to resolve inflammation and remodeling. METHODS: MSCs were administered to the ovalbumin murine model of chronic asthma after sensitization and 3 weeks of challenge. Animals were euthanized 7 days post-MSCs followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for total cell count, differentials and cytokines. A separate set of animals were used to evaluate histopathology and markers of remodeling using ImagePro program and insoluble and soluble collagen levels. In vitro cultures of fibroblasts were used to study how MSCs impact remodeling. RESULTS: MSCs decreased weight loss, clinical score, epithelial cell hyperplasia, recruitment of BAL eosinophils, mucins, cytokines and systemic levels of IgE (P<0.05 for each). MSCs decreased soluble (28±6 to 13±9 mg collagen/lung) and insobuble (31±11 to 24±3 mg collagen/lung) collagen levels consistent with our ImagePro quantification. MSCs decreased type I and III collagen expression by 54±11% (n=3, p=0.04) and 30±8% (n=3, p=0.02) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs decreased airway inflammation and remodeling in the chronic asthma model emphasizing their unique therapeutic potential. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Funded by the George and Virginia Baldwin Fund and American Lung Association: RG-169572.
Constructing Race: How People Categorize Others and Themselves in Racial Terms

Abstract Racial categorization is a ubiquitous phenomenon in our judgments and perceptions of ourselves and others. Decades of research in social psychology have shown the complexities of this process and well-equipped researchers have tackled the nuances of categorical judgments of race. The current chapter reviews some of the history and recent developments in the study of predictors and determinants of racial categorization, with a special emphasis on the factors that can sway categorizations of racially ambiguous targets. Some of the factors addressed include target characteristics (e.g., racial phenotypicality and ancestry), contextual elements (e.g., stereotypical cues), and observer characteristics (e.g., personality, familiarity with other races, and developmental maturity). We conclude with an exploration of some of the exciting methodological and theoretical frontiers, providing our perspective on the future of the field.
Spinal Implants can be Retained in Patients with Deep Spine Infection: A Cohort Study:

Abstract Background/Purpose It is unclear whether implant removal is necessary when deep spine infection of spinal instrumentation occurs. This study compares mortality, relapse, and reoperation rates between such patients with and without removal of spine implants. Methods A total of 20 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline characteristics of the implant removal and nonremoval groups were compared. Outcome measures between groups were compared using multivariable logistic regression and predictors of each outcome identified. Results There were no significant differences in mortality, relapse, or reoperation rates between groups. Multiple vertebral level involvement was common (85%), and the L4 (30%) and L5 (35%) levels were most commonly involved. The majority of patients had osteomyelitis/spondylodiscitis (50%) and Staphylococcus aureus infections (60%). Thoracic spine infection was associated with relapse (odds ratio = 1.26) and reoperation (odds ratio = 1.101). Conclusion Implant removal is not always necessary in cases of deep spine infection as retention of implants is not associated with higher mortality, relapse, or reoperation rates.
AMCIS 2002 Workshops and Panels VI: Technical Note: Implementing Java-Based Stored Technical Procedures in the Oracle Database

This technical note provides an introduction to writing stored procedures using the Java language. The primary purpose of the workshop is to demonstrate the steps required to publish a Java method inside the Oracle 8i Lite database environment.
A study of temperature dependent current–voltage (I–V–T) characteristics in Ni/sol–gel β-Ga2O3/n-GaN structure

β-Ga2O3 thin films were grown on n-type GaN substrates using the sol–gel method. The forward-biased temperature dependent current–voltage (I–V–T) characteristics of Ni/β-Ga2O3/GaN structure have been investigated in the temperature range of 298–473 K. The apparent barrier height ( $${\phi _{ap}}$$ ) increased while the ideality factor (n) decreased with the increase in temperature. Such a temperature dependent behavior of $${\phi _{ap}}$$ and n was explained by the inhomogeneity of $${\phi _{ap}}$$ , which obeyed Gaussian distribution with zero-bias mean barrier height ( $${\bar {\phi }_{B0}}$$ ) of 1.02 ± 0.02 eV and standard deviation ( $${\sigma _{s0}}$$ ) of 153 ± 0.04 mV. Subsequently, $${\bar {\phi }_{B0}}$$ and Richardson constant A* were obtained from the slope and intercept of the modified Richardson plot as 0.99 ± 0.01 e V and 67.2 A cm−2 K−2, respectively. The $${\bar {\phi }_{B0}}$$ obtained from the modified Richardson plot was in good agreement with the theoretical value calculated from the work function of Ni and electron affinity of β-Ga2O3. The I–V–T characteristics of Ni/β-Ga2O3/GaN MOS structures can be successfully explained by the thermionic emission theory with a single Gaussian distribution of the barrier height.
Reversed strength-ductility relationship in microstructurally flexible high entropy alloy

Abstract Conventional high strength alloys lack ductility due to lower work hardening and early onset of damage nucleation. To overcome this deficiency, high entropy alloys (HEAs) enjoy the benefit of metastability of phases to tune the deformation mechanisms for engineering strength and ductility. Inspired by this, here we present friction stir processed Fe40Mn20Co20Cr15Si5 HEA with ultrafine face centered cubic (f.c.c.) γ grains embedded in a refined hexagonal closed packed (h.c.p) e matrix. Transformation of γ grains and twinning in e matrix triggered uniform strain partitioning among these phases and sustained work hardening during deformation thereby reversing the conventional strength-ductility trade-off.