cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disruptive Implications of Positivism's Social Efficacy Thesis

The social efficacy thesis holds that for law to exist it must be generally obeyed by the populace. Accepted by virtually all legal positivists, this is the most neglected thesis of legal positivism. Despite its nigh universal acceptance by theorists, however, the efficacy thesis is surrounded with unanswered questions with significant implications. Several questions immediately come to mind: How widespread must conformity to law be? What must people conform to (all areas of law)? Who must conform (legal officials, government officials, the entire populace, significant groups)? What does conformity entail (normatively, knowingly, behaviorally)? This essay explores these issues and a few others, revealing a number of disruptive implications of the efficacy thesis for legal positivist theory. Most significantly, I draw on the empirical reality of legal efficacy to cast doubt on the unified monopoly view of law incorporated within concepts of law as well as on the purported guidance function of law. In the course of the analysis, I address the implications of legal pluralism for the social efficacy thesis, I show that the grounds of efficacy varies and has changed over time, and I offer an account of efficacy in modern societies that is not grounded on guidance or obedience.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Metal–Ligand Cooperativity of PNP Ru Complexes: Implications for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol and Catalyst Inhibition

The hydrogenation of CO2 in the presence of amines to formate, formamides, and methanol (MeOH) is a promising approach to streamlining carbon capture and recycling. To achieve this, understanding h...
Does a Multidisciplinary Pediatric Stone Center Improve Outcomes

AbstractIntroduction:Urolithiasis is becoming more prevalent in children in the United States. A multidisciplinary pediatric stone center was initiated in 2014 to address this growing public health...
A tailored, electronic textile conformable suit for large-scale spatiotemporal physiological sensing in vivo

The rapid advancement of electronic devices and fabrication technologies has further promoted the field of wearables and smart textiles. However, most of the current efforts in textile electronics focus on a single modality and cover a small area. Here, we have developed a tailored, electronic textile conformable suit (E-TeCS) to perform large-scale, multimodal physiological (temperature, heart rate, and respiration) sensing in vivo. This platform can be customized for various forms, sizes and functions using standard, accessible and high-throughput textile manufacturing and garment patterning techniques. Similar to a compression shirt, the soft and stretchable nature of the tailored E-TeCS allows intimate contact between electronics and the skin with a pressure value of around ~25 mmHg, allowing for physical comfort and improved precision of sensor readings on skin. The E-TeCS can detect skin temperature with an accuracy of 0.1 °C and a precision of 0.01 °C, as well as heart rate and respiration with a precision of 0.0012 m/s2 through mechano-acoustic inertial sensing. The knit textile electronics can be stretched up to 30% under 1000 cycles of stretching without significant degradation in mechanical and electrical performance. Experimental and theoretical investigations are conducted for each sensor modality along with performing the robustness of sensor-interconnects, washability, and breathability of the suit. Collective results suggest that our E-TeCS can simultaneously and wirelessly monitor 30 skin temperature nodes across the human body over an area of 1500 cm2, during seismocardiac events and respiration, as well as physical activity through inertial dynamics.
Faint-Hearted Federalism: The Role of State Autonomy in Conservative Constitutional Jurisprudence

The conservative members of the Supreme Court often portray themselves as the protectors of the autonomy of state governments in the federal system. Among other things, they have relied on the concept of state autonomy as a justification for limiting the ability of Congress to protect both religious liberty and voting rights. However, at the same time, Chief Justice Roberts and his compatriots have often shown little regard for state autonomy in cases where the actions of the Supreme Court itself have had the effect of significantly limiting that autonomy. Thus, in cases such as Janus v. AFSCME Council 31, McDonald v. City of Chicago and Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, the conservative justices have not hesitated to find that the Constitution established national rules that deprived state and local governments of the authority to adopt policies that conservatives generally find objectionable. This essay is the first to juxtapose these two aspects of conservative constitutional jurisprudence and to argue that any justice who is truly committed to preserving state autonomy should also embrace the concept of judicial restraint in cases where the Court is called upon to review the actions of state and local governments.
Abstract WP325: X, but Not Y, Sex Chromosome Contributes to Stroke Sensitivity in Aged Mice

Introduction: Stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease. Women are protected against ischemia compared to men before menopause due to estrogen’s neuroprotection; after menopause the elderly women beco...
Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes of the Salto Talaris Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

Background:The Salto Talaris is a fixed-bearing implant first approved in the US in 2006. While early surgical outcomes have been promising, mid- to long-term survivorship data are limited. The aim...
Brief Announcement: Building Fast Recoverable Persistent Data Structures with Montage

The recent emergence of fast, dense, nonvolatile main memory suggests that certain long-lived data structures might remain in their natural, pointer-rich format across program runs and hardware reboots. Operations on such structures must be instrumented with explicit write-back and fence instructions to ensure consistency in the wake of a crash. Techniques to minimize the cost of this instrumentation are an active topic of current research. We present what we believe to be the first general-purpose approach to building buffered durably linearizable persistent data structures, and a system, Montage, to support that approach. Montage is built on top of the Ralloc nonblocking persistent allocator. It employs a slow-ticking epoch clock, and ensures that no operation appears to span an epoch boundary. If a crash occurs in epoch e, all work performed in epochs e and e-1 is lost, but all work from prior epochs is preserved. We describe the implementation of Montage, argue its correctness, and report on experiments confirming excellent performance for operations on queues, sets/mappings, and general graphs.
A Different, Different Direction

In an editorial, Museum Anthropology Review editor Jason Baird Jackson discusses new developments for the journal, highlighting its new status as a publication of the Indiana University Press. The move of the journal’s publishing home from the Mathers Museum of World Cultures to the Indiana University Press necessitates reversing an editorial plan previously announced. As has been true for all but the past year of its history, the journal welcomes scholarly and practitioner contributions from across the full breadth of the fields of museum anthropology, museum-based folklore studies, and material culture studies.
Divergent molecular signatures of regeneration and fibrosis during wound repair

Summary Regeneration is the “holy grail” of tissue repair, but skin injury typically yields fibrotic, non-functional scars. Developing pro-regenerative therapies requires rigorous understanding of the molecular progression from injury to fibrosis or regeneration. Here, we report the divergent molecular events driving skin wound cells toward either scarring or regenerative fates. We profile scarring versus YAP inhibition-induced wound regeneration at the transcriptional (single-cell RNA-sequencing), protein (timsTOF proteomics), and tissue (extracellular matrix ultrastructural analysis) levels. Using cell surface barcoding, we integrate these data to reveal fibrotic and regenerative “molecular trajectories” of healing. We show that disrupting YAP mechanical signaling yields regenerative repair orchestrated by fibroblasts with activated Trps1 and Wnt signaling. Our findings serve as a multimodal map of wound regeneration and could have therapeutic implications for pathologic fibroses.
Why Teach PE? Factors that Affect Students' Decisions to Teach Physical Education Revisited: 重新探索影響體育學生教學的決定因素

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. Many times a child will be asked, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” The answers are varied, yet their responses usually reflect what their parents employ may be. For this study, factors were investigated that have an effect on college student’s decision to become a physical education. For this study it was found that former physical education and coaches were the most influential people affecting college student’s decision to become physical education teachers, not parents. It was also found that many of these college student’s were actively involved in high school athletics, thus also affecting their decision to become a physical education teacher. The results from this study can serve PETE faculty to capitalize on their PETE student’s excitement to teach physical education. 本文旨在探索影響體育師範學生教學的決定因素，包括有師範學生的前體育老師及運動教練。
Comprehensive Comparison of LSM Architectures for Spatial Data

Spatial indexes in traditional relational databases supported spatial queries in the pre-big data era. However, the volume and ingestion rate of spatial data is increasing rapidly in modern applications. Many big data systems use LSM tree as their storage structure in order to support write-intensive large-volume workloads, which are usually optimized for singledimensional data. Research has studied how to support spatial indexes on LSM systems, but have mainly focused on the local index organization, that is, how data is organized inside a single LSM component. In this paper, we study various aspects of spatial LSM indexing, including spatial merge policies, which determine when and how spatial components are merged. We consider both stack-based and leveled merge policies, which we have implemented on the same big data system. We evaluate the write and read performance on various workloads and discuss our findings and recommendations. A key finding is that Leveled policies are underperforming other merge policies for most types of spatial workloads.
Abstract IA02: A case for priming, not checkpoint

Most tumors are unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade, especially if deep immunosuppression in the tumor develops prior to and prevents T cell immunosurveillance. Failed or frustrated T cell priming often needs repair before successful sensitization to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. CD40 activation plays a critical role in generating T cell immunity, by activating dendritic cells, and converting cold tumors to hot. In preclinical studies, agonistic CD40 antibodies demonstrate T cell-dependent anti-tumor activity, especially in combination with chemotherapy, checkpoint inhibitory antibodies, and other immune modulators. With the advent of multiple CD40 agonists with acceptable single-agent toxicity, clinical evaluation of CD40 combinations has accelerated. Citation Format: Robert H. Vonderheide. A case for priming, not checkpoint [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.
Cognitive-emotional skills and democratic education:

A primary aim of any comprehensive democratic education is to prepare citizens for full and active participation in the public sphere. Crucial to meeting this aim is the development of key cognitiv...
Epitaxial nanotwinned metals and alloys: synthesis-twin structure–property relations

Extensive studies have been performed to understand the structure–property relationship in nanotwinned (NT) metals, where the average twin thickness or twin spacing is less than 100 nm. NT metals may have high strength, ductility, good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance and have promising applications in microelectronics, structural materials and coatings for gas and oil industry. Most prior studies focus on the computational and experimental investigations of NT metals with low stacking fault energy (SFE) and often in polycrystalline forms. Here we review recent findings on epitaxial growth of NT metals and alloys with low and high SFEs deposited on single crystal substrates, and focus primarily on advancing our comprehension towards tailoring the microstructures and properties of NT metals via extrinsic factors, including the synthesis technique, parametric control and growth template, and intrinsic factors, such as SFE and thermodynamic, kinetic alloying effects. The review intends to illuminate how to synthesize and design epitaxial NT structures to achieve desirable properties.
Trail-Building: Habitat Destruction by a Different Name

Scientists are generally honest, in what they say – but not in what they choose to study. Despite a diligent search in one of the world's best libraries (the University of California, Berkeley), I wasn't able to find a single book or article on the harm done by trail-building. I notice that whenever I see a picture of a trail, I think "Oh, a trail – so what?" It takes an effort of will to think about the wildlife habitat that was destroyed in order to build the trail. And the habitat destruction isn't restricted to the trail bed. As Ed Grumbine pointed out in Ghost Bears, a grizzly can hear a human from a mile away, and smell one from five miles away. And grizzlies are probably not unique in that. In other words, animals within five miles of a trail are inhibited from full use of their habitat. That is habitat destruction! If there were no trails, we would be confronted by our own destructiveness every time we entered a park. It is only because the habitat has already been destroyed for us, that we can pretend that we are doing no harm. That leaves only one option compatible with wildlife conservation: minimizing the construction, extent, and use of trails.
Studies of the mechanism of biological calcification. 3. The interaction of strontium with a calcifiable matrix from beef tendon.

Ultrastructural changes duringin vitro calcification of a collagen-containing matrix derived from beef tendon were correlated with the time of calcification and with the effect of calcification inhibitors. The early stage of calcification is characterized by a molar Ca/P ratio of 1.0–1.2 and by the formation of intrafibrillar electron dense particles. These particles were 50 to 100 A in diameter and produced no sharp fringes when examined by selected area electron diffraction. During later stages, the electron dense particles appear to coalesce and serve as centers for the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals. At concentration that inhibit hydroxyapatite formation, methylenediphosphonate allows uptake of a small amount of Ca2+ and HPO4 2− with a molar Ca/P of 1.0–1.2 and the formation of the non-crystalline electron dense particles but prevents subsequent growth of hydroxyapatite. Phosphonoacetate depresses Ca2+ and HPO4 2− uptake further and prevents formation of both noncrystalline and crystalline mineral. These findings are consistent with the multistep model of matrix calcification proposed earlier and indicate that the formation of a non-crystalline precursor of hydroxyapatite is induced by the matrix from a soluble phase that is comparable to physiological fluids.
Fast loads and queries

For efficient query processing, a relational table should be indexed in multiple ways; for efficient database loading, indexes should be omitted. This research introduces new techniques called zones filters, zone indexes, adaptive merging, and partition filters. The new data structures can be created as side effects of the load process, with all required analyses accomplished while a moderate amount of new data still remains in the buffer pool. Traditional sorting and indexing are not required. Nonetheless, query performance matches that of Netezza's zone maps where those apply, exceeds it for the many predicates for which zone maps are ineffective, and can be comparable to query processing with traditional indexing, as demonstrated in our simulations.
Symposium: Part I: Public Intellectuals Then and Now

The French political thinker Raymond Aron (1905–1983) provides the imitable model of the political philosopher as civic educator. Writing in an age of extreme ideological polarization, he aimed at a truly balanced approach to historical and political understanding. In a series of writings from the late 1930’s onward, Aron defended a principled middle way between Machiavellian cynicism and the “abstract moralism” so evident in the public engagement of modern intellectuals. Aron argued for the renewal of liberalism on the foundation of a broad-based “democratic conservatism” and displayed remarkable lucidity regarding the totalitarian temptation. This paper explores this distinctive notion of “democratic conservatism”—equally distant from revolutionary romanticism and reactionary nostalgia—that guided Aron’s public engagement over a fifty-year period and that was central to his idea of the political responsibility of intellectuals.
Exponents and Logarithms

We remember that we had trouble at the very beginning with the function 2 x (or 3 x , or 10 x ). It was intuitively very plausible that there should be such functions, satisfying the fundamental equation $$ 2^{x + y} = 2^x 2^y $$ for all numbers x, y, and 20 = 1, but we had difficulties in saying what we meant by \( 2^{\sqrt 2 } \) (or 2 π ).
Human memory ; A proposed system and its control processes

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a general theoretical framework of human memory and describes the results of a number of experiments designed to test specific models that can be derived from the overall theory. This general theoretical framework categorizes the memory system along two major dimensions. The first categorization distinguishes permanent, structural features of the system from control processes that can be readily modified or reprogrammed at the will of the subject. The second categorization divides memory into three structural components: the sensory register, the short-term store, and the long-term store. Incoming sensory information first enters the sensory register, where it resides for a very brief period of time, then decays and is lost. The short-term store is the subject's working memory; it receives selected inputs from the sensory register and also from long-term store. The chapter also discusses the control processes associated with the sensory register. The term control process refers to those processes that are not permanent features of memory, but are instead transient phenomena under the control of the subject; their appearance depends on several factors such as instructional set, the experimental task, and the past history of the subject.
A Microprocessor-Based Signal Processing System for Measurement of Vascular and Urethral Parameters

A relatively simple, flexible, and economical system is reported for processing biological signals which contain frequencies in the audio range. The microprocessor-based system has been tested successfully on ultrasonic scattered signals from blood and urine to provide diagnostic information in real-time. Measurements were obtained for average velocity, standard deviation of velocity (indicative of laminar and turbulent flow), relative flow rate, and relative cross-sectional area as functions of time. Comparison of these measures at various locations along a vessel, and at various times in the life of a patient, could help to detect stenotic zones and physiological changes associated with disease.
Food sensitivity in reflux esophagitis

Patients with symptomatic oesophagitis frequently note the association between heartburn and the ingestion of certain foods including citrus juices, spicy foods, coffee, chocolate and fatty foods. Although this phenomenon has been well recognized1, the responsible mechanism remains obscure. Numerous recent studies have shown an effect of some foods on the lower oesophageal sphincter (normally abbreviated as LES). It has been proposed that foods such as fat2, alcohol3 and chocolate4 may cause heartburn through their ability to reduce sphincter pressure with resulting acid reflux5. Studies of other foods such as orange juice and tomato products (a common base in spicy foods) have failed to reveal sustained decreases in LES pressure4. The effect of coffee remains controversial; recent studies have suggested both resultant increases and decreases in sphincter pressure6,7.
Patient-Specific Airway Wall Remodeling in Chronic Lung Disease

Chronic lung disease affects more than a quarter of the adult population; yet, the mechanics of the airways are poorly understood. The pathophysiology of chronic lung disease is commonly characterized by mucosal growth and smooth muscle contraction of the airways, which initiate an inward folding of the mucosal layer and progressive airflow obstruction. Since the degree of obstruction is closely correlated with the number of folds, mucosal folding has been extensively studied in idealized circular cross sections. However, airflow obstruction has never been studied in real airway geometries; the behavior of imperfect, non-cylindrical, continuously branching airways remains unknown. Here we model the effects of chronic lung disease using the nonlinear field theories of mechanics supplemented by the theory of finite growth. We perform finite element analysis of patient-specific Y-branch segments created from magnetic resonance images. We demonstrate that the mucosal folding pattern is insensitive to the specific airway geometry, but that it critically depends on the mucosal and submucosal stiffness, thickness, and loading mechanism. Our results suggests that patient-specific airway models with inherent geometric imperfections are more sensitive to obstruction than idealized circular models. Our models help to explain the pathophysiology of airway obstruction in chronic lung disease and hold promise to improve the diagnostics and treatment of asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory failure.
Infrared photodesorption: Vibrational excitation and energy transfer processes on surfaces

Abstract Photon-stimulated desorption due to internal vibrational excitation of adsorbed molecules is a resonant phenomenon and has recently attracted considerable experimental and theoretical attention. n this paper, a brief review of prior studies is given. New results on NH3, ND3 and Xe in neatly adsorbed and co-adsorbed states excited by a tunable infrared laser and photodesorbed from Cu(100), NaCl and Ag films are presented to elucidate desorption mechanisms. Both single-photon and multiphoton excitation processes are examined and the velocity distributions of desorbed particles are analyzed. Various energy transfer and relaxation processes related to desorption are evaluated and a model for infrared photodesorption with particular emphasis on assessing the quantum and thermally-assisted effects is also discussed.
Anomalous sensations following prolonged tactile stimulation.

Abstract Animal studies have demonstrated that tactile experience can alter central organization of somatosensory information. The present study examined the effect of prolonged tactile stimulation on spatial sensitivity in human subjects. Four subjects received repetitive, tactile stimulation presented on the volar surface of the forearm. The tactile stimuli were delivered through small vibrators worn by the subjects. After aperiod of 5–9 weeks of wearing the vibrators, three of the four subjects reported anomalous sensations when attempting to localize tactile stimuli. Subjects had difficulty in localizing stimuli and reported sensations of pressure and diffuseness. Single stimuli would sometimes evoke double and triple sensations separated by as much as 20 cm. After removing the vibrators, subjects continued to report anomalous sensations for up to 15 weeks. These results are interpreted within the framework of a model of central, neural reorganization.
Robotically assisted laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy.

Esophagectomy is a technically demanding operation with high procedure-related morbidity and mortality rates. Minimally invasive techniques were introduced in the late 1980s in an effort to decrease the invasiveness of the procedure. Data concerning the use of robotic systems for esophageal cancer are scarce in the literature. The goal of this report is to describe the authors’ early experience using robotically assisted technology to perform transhiatal esophagectomy (RATE). Between September 2001 and May 2004, 18 patients underwent RATE at the authors’ institution. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed. Gender, age, postoperative diagnosis, operative time, conversion rate, blood loss, hospital stay, length of the follow-up period, and complications were assessed. At the authors’ institution, 18 patients underwent RATE, including 16 men (89%), with a mean age of 54 years (range, 41–73 years). The RATE procedure was completed for all 18 patients (100%). The mean operative time was 267 ± 71 min, and estimated blood loss was 54 ml (range, 10–150 ml). The mean intensive care unit stay was 1.8 days (range, 1–5 days), and the mean hospital stay was 10 days (range, 4–38 days). A total of 12 perioperative complications occurred for 9 patients, including 6 anastomotic leaks, 1 thoracic duct injury, 1 vocal cord paralysis, 1 pleural effusion, and 2 atrial fibrillations. Anastomotic stricture was observed in six patients. There were no perioperative deaths. Pathologic examination of the surgical specimen yielded an average of 14 lymph nodes per patient (range, 7–27). During the mean follow-up period of 22 ± 8 months, 2 patients died, 2 were lost to follow-up evaluation, 3 had recurrence, and 11 were disease free. The current study shows that RATE, with its decreased blood loss, minimal cardiopulmonary complications, and no hospital mortality, represents a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Angiogenic Cell Therapy for Severe Ischemic Diseases

Cell therapies for severe ischemic diseases such as limb ischemia, acute myocardial infarction, and cerebral ischemia have been developed through in vitro and in vivo animal and clinical studies. Active cells for angiogenic cell therapy are believed endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). EPCs have been extensively investigated to clarify their origin and biology. Many sources of EPCs have been proposed, including mononuclear cells (MNCs) fraction containing CD34(+) or CD133(+) (AC133(+)), isolated CD34(+) and AC133(+) cells, and induction and differentiation of EPCs from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, in vivo mechanisms by which EPCs contribute to neovascularization should be clarified. Many in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have been performed using these cells; angiogenic cell therapy will become an important regimen for severe ischemic diseases.
Optimization of grating-based phase-contrast imaging setup

Phase contrast imaging (PCI) technology has emerged over the last decade as a novel imaging technique capable of probing phase characteristics of an object as complimentary information to conventional absorption properties. In this work, we identified and provided a rationale for optimization of key parameters that determine the performance of a Talbot-Lau PCI system. The study used the Fresnel wave propagation theory and system geometry to predict optimal grating alignment conditions necessary for producing maximum-phase contrast. The moire fringe pattern frequency and angular orientation produced in the X-ray detector plane were studied as functions of the gratings’ axial rotation. The effect of axial displacement between source-to-phase (L) and phase-to-absorption (d) gratings, on system contrast, was discussed in detail. The L-d regions of highest contrast were identified, and the dependence of contrast on the energy of the X-ray spectrum was also studied. The predictions made in this study were tested experimentally and showed excellent agreement. The results indicated that the PCI system performance is highly sensitive to alignment. The rationale and recommendations made should serve as guidance in design, development, and optimization of Talbot-Lau PCI systems.
The implications of scrotal interference for the preservation of spermatogenesis in the management of testicular tumours.

Seminal analyses have been performed in 14 patienrs who have received radiation therapy following unilateral orchidectomy for testicular tumours. In patients receiving scrotal in addifion to para-aortic and pelvic lymph node irradiation azoospermia occurred in 17 out 18 specimens examined, whereas in those patients not requiring scrotal irradiation, restoration of spermatogenesis occurred. The difference is a result of the increased dose of radiation received by the remaining testicle when the contralateral side of the scrotum is irradiated. Following scrotal aspiration, trans-scrotal biopsy or scrotal orchidectomy for testicular tumour, the scrotum becomes a possible site of recurrence and it should be electively irradiated. In order to give the patient the best chance of preserving fertility it is essential that scrotal interference in the management of testicular tumours must be avoided.
Investigation of the Potential Windows and Methods for Viewing the Tongue Using Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound

Currently diagnostic modalities to evaluate lesions of the tongue are limited. Ultrasonography is a potential source of diagnostic information that can be utilized, if developed properly, to evaluate these lesions. This study investigates prospective windows sonography use to examine the tongue externally, lessening invasive measures currently used to diagnose and treat pathology. Based on results of this study, five of eight windows and methods tested were shown to have potential for evaluating the tongue externally. These were shown to be reproducible, acceptable windows for sonographers, providing a prospective means for sonographic evaluation of the tongue with hopes of developing a standardized protocol.
The significance of bubble/particle contact time during collision in the analysis of flotation phenomena

Abstract Contact time during bubble/particle collision (the deformation event) is calculated by taking into consideration the effect of bubble and particle motion, buoyant force, bubble size, as well as particle size and specific density for different cases of collision. It is expected for hydrophobic particles that significant reduction of film thickness occurs during collision, rupture is facilitated, and bubble attachment occurs. On the other hand, it is expected that the film thickness does not change appreciably during sliding of the particle past the bubble, and rupture/attachment is expected to be difficult during sliding. From motion analysis of the collision/deformation event for the prediction of contact times and from attachment-time measurements, fundamental aspects of flotation such as floatability, kinetics, and separation selectivity can be explained and are discussed with respect to the effects of bubble/particle motion, bubble size, particle size, and attachment time.
Soluble factors and the emergence of chick primordial germ cells in vitro

Previous observations obtained from a culture of blastodermal cells on a mouse fibroblast feeder layer (STO) suggested that STO cells provide a factor or factors that facilitate development of avian primordial germ cells (PGC) from dispersed embryo cells. The purpose of the current study was to test the hypothesis that soluble factors produced by STO cells are responsible, at least in part, in supporting the development of PGC in culture and to examine the effect of stem cell factor (SCF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the development of PGC in culture. Blastodermal cells on gelatin-coated plastic or on feeder layers of CV-1 cells yielded a small number of PGC. When blastodermal cells were cultured on STO cells, a marked increase in PGC was observed. The addition of STO cell-conditioned medium (STO-CM) to blastodermal cells cultured on gelatin-coated plastic and on feeder layers of CV-1 cells resulted in a significant increase in the number of PGC, indicating that soluble factors produced by STO cells can enhance the development of chicken PGC in culture. Supplementation of blastodermal cells with SCF (100 ng/mL) or CNTF (2 ng/mL) or with CNTF and SCF together resulted in a significant increase in the number of PGC after 48 h of culture on feeder layers of CV-1 cells. However, addition of bFGF (100 ng/mL) did not increase PGC. We concluded from these observations that the culture of blastodermal cells on feeder layers of STO and CV-1 cells can be used as a useful biological system in examining the regulatory factors that govern the ontogeny of the germ cell lineage in the avian embryo.
A Study of Elderly Suicide Attempters Admitted to an Inpatient Psychiatric Unit

The authors distinguish demographic and clinical characteristics of elderly suicide attempters admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit within 4 weeks of a suicide attempt. Of 560 patients admitted, 28 (5%) were recent attempters, 32 (6%) had a past history of suicide attempt, and 500 (89%) were nonattempters. Of the 28 recent attempters, 21 (75%) were diagnosed with a mood disorder, 4 (14%) with an organic mental disorder, and 3 (11%) with other mental disorders. Among the nonattempters, the distribution among the three diagnostic categories was 188 (38%), 251 (50%), and 61 (12%), respectively. Of 166 patients with a diagnosis of major depression, 18 (11%) were recent attempters, 14 (8%) were past attempters, and 134 (71%) were nonattempters. Recent attempts were significantly associated with alcohol abuse. This study confirms earlier reports of high rates of major depression in elderly attempters.
Abrasive wear characteristics of plasma sprayed nanostructured alumina/titania coatings

Abstract In this paper, the plasma spray technique was used to deposit coatings with reconstituted nanostructured Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 powders. The abrasive wear resistance of the ceramic coatings was evaluated using diamond abrasives. The result showed that the abrasive wear resistance of the coatings produced using the nanostructured Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 powders is greatly improved compared with the coating produced using the conventional Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 powder (Metco 130). The highest abrasion resistance of the coating sprayed with nanostructured Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 powder is about four times that of the coating sprayed with the conventional Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 powder. Both as fabricated and after wear Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction, SEM and indentation tests. The abrasive wear mechanism is also discussed.
Semi-solid casting (SSC) of zinc alloy nanocomposites

An innovative casting method that combines semi-solid casting (SSC) and metal matrix nanocomposite (MMNC) technology was successfully demonstrated. The method uses the grain refining properties of the nanoparticles in the MMNC to produce slurry with the appropriate globular structure for semi-solid casting. In this way no additional material processing or mechanical agitation is necessary to achieve the desirable slurry microstructure. The grain refining attributes of the nanoparticles were shown to stem from the promotion of nucleation in the solidifying matrix alloy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed a reduced undercooling necessary for nucleation owing to the nucleation catalytic potency of the nanoparticles. Using this method zinc alloy AC43A nanocomposite with 0.5 wt.% SiC β nanoparticle additions were cast at a 30% solid fraction. The resulting castings showed increased ductility, reduced shrinkage, and increased strength compared to their monolithic liquid cast counterparts.
Forty Years of the "Journal of Librarianship and Information Science": A Quantitative Analysis, Part I.

This paper reports on the first part of a two-part quantitative analysis of volume 1—40 (1969—2008) of the Journal of Librarianship and Information Science (formerly the Journal of Librarianship). It provides an overview of the current state of LIS research journal publishing in the UK; a review of the publication and printing history of JoL/JOLIS, and of published descriptions and evaluations of its purpose and scope; and a summary of some results of the quantitative analysis, focusing on data of the kind that may be collected by directly examining the published issues of the journal itself. These results are informative in various ways about editors, document types, authors, authors’ institutions, and authors’ countries. A supplementary analysis of citations to and from the journal will be reported at a later date.
“The Verisimilitude Inspector”: George Saunders as the New Baudrillard?

ABSTRACT I examine the connections between the work of contemporary satirist George Saunders and Simulacra and Simulations (1981) and America (1989) by French theorist Jean Baudrillard, focusing specifically on their mutual interest in theme parks, which reveal how simulated realities have turned America into a hyperreality. I ask why simulated realities obsess two writers as seemingly dissimilar as Baudrillard and Saunders and how Saunders's preoccupation with virtual realities relates to his equally strong fascination with corporate discourse.
Voluntarism: An Investment in Preparing Health Professionals for the Future

(1995). Voluntarism: An Investment in Preparing Health Professionals for the Future. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 58-60.
Introduction to “Constitutionalism, Reform, and the Nature of the Chinese State: Dialogues among Western and Chinese Scholars, III”:

The two articles that form the core of this special issue share an emphasis on how things actually work rather than how they are represented. Both aim to uncover the underlying logics of operative realities, or practices, and both adopt a change-over-time perspective. The commentators, while acknowl edging the value of such an approach, raise specific as well as broader issues. As is often customary in scholarly discussions, approbation and criticism alike are not always explicit; at the risk of doing violence to some of the comments, this introduction will state and pose problems more starkly than perhaps the commentators themselves intended.
Carbon Nanotubes as a Superior Sorbent for Nitrogen Oxides

Carbon nanotubes were prepared and investigated as sorbents for NO, SO2, and CO2 in the presence of O2. The preliminary results indicate that they are a good and reversible sorbent for NO removal at room temperature. An uptake amount of 78 mg/g of NOx was obtained by TGA when the carbon nanotubes were exposed to 1000 ppm NO + 5% O2/He for 120 min. The equilibrium amount was near 90 mg/g after 12 h. TPD profiles show that NO2 and NO desorb from the NOx-saturated carbon nanotubes at well below 300 °C. FTIR spectra indicate that the adsorbed species are nitrates and trace amounts of NO2 and (NO)2 dimers. By comparison, only 29 mg/g of SO2 (at 500 ppm) and 2 mg/g of CO2 (at 10%) are adsorbed onto the carbon nanotubes in 120 min.
Septal replacement for severe anterior septal deviation

Purpose: To introduce a novel surgical technique for treatment of severe anterior septal deviation. Materials and Methods: Retrospective case series set in a tertiary-care hospital. Ten patients were treated over an 18-month period. External septorhinoplasty and septal replacement for severe anterior septal deviation. Postoperative clinical nasal examination and photographic comparison. Results: Ten patients were treated with septal replacement for severe anterior septal deviation over an 18-month period. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year. No postoperative complications were seen. All patients reported a subjective improvement in their nasal airway and nasal appearance. This was confirmed with clinical examination and photographic comparison. Conclusion: Septal replacement for severe anterior septal deviation is a viable option for select patients who can not be successfully treated with conventional techniques.
LOW BIT-RATE IMAGE COMPRESSION SCHEMES BASED ON VECTOR QUANTIZATION

Three image compression schemes based on vector quantization are proposed in this paper. The block similarity property among neighboring image blocks is exploited in these schemes to cut down the bit rate of the vector quantization scheme. For the first scheme, the correlation among the encoded block to the left and the encoded block directly above the current processing block is exploited. In the second scheme, the relative addressing technique is incorporated into the encoding procedure. Finally, the third scheme introduces a simple technique to reduce the required bit rate with only a slight reduction in image quality. According to the experimental results, it is shown that these proposed schemes not only reduce storage costs but also achieve good reconstructed image quality. Furthermore, the required computational cost for the encoding/decoding procedures of these schemes is less than that of the conventional vector quantization scheme. In other words, these schemes are suitable for the compression of digital images.
Florentine Sixteenth-Century Artists in Prato: New Documents for Baccio da Montelupo and Francesco da Sangallo

With new documentary evidence this article discusses an unexecuted commission to Baccio da Montelupo for the cancello at S. Maria delle Carceri, and provides a date for Francesco da Sangallo's bronze statuette of Saint John the Baptist, originally in that same church and now in the Frick Collection. It also establishes the authorship and date of the marble holy-water font which served as the original support of the statuette.
A 1.8 GHz fully integrated low voltage LC VCO in silicon on sapphire CMOS

This paper presents the design, fabrication and measurement of a low voltage VCO operating at 1.8 GHz and fabricated in 0.5/spl mu/m silicon on sapphire CMOS (SOS-CMOS) process. The VCO operates with supply voltage as low as 1V. The tuning range was measured to be 14% and the measured phase noise was -117.5 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz from the 1.77 GHz carrier. The VCO and the buffers consume 14.7 mW power from a 1.5V supply.
Mechanisms of the portion size effect. What is known and where do we go from here

Childhood obesity is a persistent problem worldwide, and of particular concern in the United States. Clarifying the role of the food environment in promoting overeating is an important step toward reducing the prevalence of obesity. One potential contributor to the obesity epidemic is the increased portion sizes of foods commonly served. Portion sizes of foods served both at home and away from home have dramatically increased over the past 40 years. Consistently, short-term studies have demonstrated that increasing portion size leads to increased food intake in adults and children, a phenomenon known as the portion size effect. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. Understanding these mechanisms could assist in clarifying the relationship between portion size and weight status and help inform the development of effective obesity interventions. First, we review the role of visual cues, such as plate size, unit, and utensil size as a potential moderator of the portion size effect. In addition, we discuss meal microstructure components including bite size, rate, and frequency, as these may be altered in response to different portion sizes. We also review theories that implicate post-ingestive, flavor-nutrient learning as a key moderator of the portion size effect. Furthermore, we present preliminary data from an ongoing study that is applying neuroimaging to better understand these mechanisms and identify modifiable child characteristics that could be targeted in obesity interventions. Our tentative findings suggest that individual differences in cognitive (e.g. loss of control eating) and neural responses to food cues may be critical in understanding the mechanisms of the portion size effect. To advance this research area, studies that integrate measures of individual subject-level differences with assessment of food-related characteristics are needed.
Seasonal dynamics of CO2 profiles across a soil chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California

Abstract Concentrations of CO 2 in soil atmosphere and CO 2 efflux were measured across a marine terrace soil chronosequence near Santa Cruz, California. Soil development, specifically the formation of an argillic horizon, has created a two-tier soil gas profile in the older terrace soils. The soil above the argillic horizon has seasonal variations in soil CO 2 associated with plant respiration. The older soils with dense argillic horizons maintain a year round ∼1%CO 2 below the argillic horizon. The CO 2 efflux during the growing season is higher on the older terraces.
Dynamics of He2∗ triplet state excimer bubbles in superfluid 4He

Abstract Time-dependent density functional theory calculations for bulk superfluid 4He were carried out to model dynamics around He 2 ∗ excimers after optical excitation from the 3a to 3d state. The liquid dynamics occurring after a sudden change in the helium–liquid interaction results in interfacial dynamics, which can be divided into three different modes: (1) non-linear processes yielding shock and solitonic progressions, (2) fast interfacial dynamics related to thinning of the liquid–gas interface that occurs within few picoseonds and (3) slow spherical breathing motion of the liquid–gas interface with recursion times up to 110 ps. The long-range repulsive tail (R > 12 A) in the He – He 2 ∗ interaction is found to play an important role in determining the recursion time of the solvent cavity breathing mode. As energy differences of just few wavenumbers in this region are sufficient to produce large changes in the recursion time, none of the pair potentials derived from the first principles could reproduce the experimental data [V.A. Benderskii, J. Eloranta, R. Zadoyan, V.A. Apkarian, J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002) 1201]. Therefore it is concluded that the pump–probe experiments measure energy differences that are not possible to calculate using the current electronic structure methods. The results obtained from the density functional theory calculations are consistent with the proposed experimental scheme.
Comment: BDNF, fitness, and the brain

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels increase with exercise, and BDNF is believed to at least partly mediate exercise's probrain effects. The BDNF gene harbors a common polymorphism; one version deposits valine at the amino acid 66 position, while the other deposits methionine. Previous work suggests that in normal brain aging, the valine-containing version may be functionally advantageous, and Val/Val homozygotes may enjoy a degree of “neuroprotection” that heterozygotes (Val/Met) or methionine homozygotes (Met/Met) do not.1 To further explore this possibility, this study analyzed brain volume and physical activity levels in a cohort of aged, cognitively normal individuals.2 The authors hypothesized that if the BDNF Val/Val genotype is truly advantageous and physical activity increases BDNF levels, then Val/Val carrier brains would benefit more from physical activity than Val/Met or Met/Met carrier brains.
Retention of Word Meanings as a Function of Depth of Processing

The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of depth of processing as it applies to the retention of meanings of unfamiliar vocabulary words. College students viewed 20 target words with def...