cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visco-elastic relaxation with a van der waals type stress

Abstract Contemporary science models certain phase transitions as conservation laws with a non-monotone stress-strain relation. The system of conservation laws are often hyperbolic except in a region in phase space, where the system is elliptic or of composite type. It is possible to prove existence and uniqueness of solutions for specific models which exhibit such change of type, but notions of admissibility and the connections between the mathematical theory and engineering experiments are not fully understood. In this paper we model phase transition by a visco-elastic relaxation law, and describe numerical experiments on this system. In particular we examine special initial data which, in the context of the mixed system, gives rise to multiple solutions.
Responding to Unexpected Overloads in Large-Scale Service Systems

We consider how two networked large-scale service systems that normally operate separately, such as call centers, can help each other when one encounters an unexpected overload and is unable to immediately increase its own staffing. Our proposed control activates serving some customers from the other system when a ratio of the two queue lengths (numbers of waiting customers) exceeds a threshold. Two thresholds, one for each direction of sharing, automatically detect the overload condition and prevent undesired sharing under normal loads. After a threshold has been exceeded, the control aims to keep the ratio of the two queue lengths at a specified value. To gain insight, we introduce an idealized stochastic model with two customer classes and two associated service pools containing large numbers of agents. To set the important queue-ratio parameters, we consider an approximating deterministic fluid model. We determine queue-ratio parameters that minimize convex costs for this fluid model. We perform simulation experiments to show that the control is effective for the original stochastic model. Indeed, the simulations show that the proposed queue-ratio control with thresholds outperforms the optimal fixed partition of the servers given known fixed arrival rates during the overload, even though the proposed control does not use information about the arrival rates.
Phase II Trial of the CDK4 Inhibitor PD0332991 in Patients With Advanced CDK4-Amplified Well-Differentiated or Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma

Purpose CDK4 is amplified in 90% of well-differentiated (WDLS) and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLS). The selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)/CDK6 inhibitor PD0332991 inhibits growth and induces senescence in cell lines and xenografts. In a phase I trial of PD0332991, several patients with WDLS or DDLS experienced prolonged stable disease. We performed an open-label phase II study to determine the safety and efficacy of PD0332991 in patients with advanced WDLS/DDLS.
A Public Transformed? Welfare Reform as Policy Feedback

This article analyzes the strategic use of public policy as a tool for reshaping public opinion. In the 1990s, “progressive revisionists” argued that, by reforming welfare, liberals could free the Democratic Party of a significant electoral liability, reduce the race-coding of poverty politics, and produce a public more willing to invest in anti-poverty efforts. Connecting this argument to recent scholarship on policy feedback, we pursue a quantitative case study of the potential for new policies to move public opinion. Our analysis reveals that welfare reform in the 1990s produced few changes in mass opinion. To explain this result, we propose a general framework for the analysis of mass feedback effects. After locating welfare as a “distant-visible” case in this framework, we advance four general propositions that shed light on our case-specific findings as well as the general conditions under which mass feedback effects should be viewed as more or less likely.
Inhibition of Luteinizing Hormone Release and Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Action by the Ovaries of Postpartum Lactating Rats

The influence of the ovaries on LH secretion was studied in postpartum lactating rats. LH surges were induced in intact and ovariectomized lactating rats, and in ovariectomized virgin rats by injecting a single dose of estradiol benzoate (EB) on day 7 postpartum or postovariectomy, followed by a single dose of progesterone (P) 72 h later. Ovariectomy of lactating rats significantly increased the LH surges induced with EB and P. However, the absolute magnitude of LH surges induced with EB and P in ovariectomized virigin rats was even greater than in ovariectomized or intact lactating rats. LHRH-induced release of LH was studied in intact and ovariectomized lactating rats, and in ovariectomized virgin rats, after 10 days priming with 1 μg EB or corn oil. On the 10th day postpartum or postovariectomy, the rats were given 10 injections of LHRH, 50 ng/100 g BW, during 3 h, and blood samples were collected immediately before and during the LHRH injections. Ovariectomy increased LH release by LHRH in both corn o...
Effects of dairy intake on weight maintenance

Background To compare the effects of low versus recommended levels of dairy intake on weight maintenance and body composition subsequent to weight loss.
Multispectral observations complementary to the study of high-energy solar phenomena

Non-thermal phenomena on the Sun are characterized by the transient acceleration of electrons and ions to energies ranging from several keV to tens of GeV, and the impulsive heating of plasma to temperatures exceeding 5 × 107 K. These energetic processes result in the emission of a broad spectrum of electromagnetic radiation and of high-energy neutrons, as well as the escape of high energy electrons and ions from the acceleration region. The determination of the energy spectrum, polarization, and spatial distribution of these emissions, which contain detailed information on the acceleration and heating process, and the conditions at the sites at which this energy is generated and dissipated, is the principal objective of high-energy solar studies.
Representing the Reinforcement Learning state in a negotiation dialogue

Most applications of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for dialogue have focused on slot-filling tasks. In this paper, we explore a task that requires negotiation, in which conversants need to exchange information in order to decide on a good solution. We investigate what information should be included in the system's RL state so that an optimal policy can be learned and so that the state space stays reasonable in size. We propose keeping track of the decisions that the system has made, and using them to constrain the system's future behavior in the dialogue. In this way, we can compositionally represent the strategy that the system is employing. We show that this approach is able to learn a good policy for the task. This work is a first step to a more general exploration of applying RL to negotiation dialogues.
Best practices in service quality.

A wide-ranging study of the best practices among hotels in the United States turned up a surprisingly small number of operations that focused specifically on service excellence. The Cornell Univers...
Sub-Terahertz Dielectric Measurement and Its Application to Concealed Object Detection

This paper reports on complex permittivity values of different natural and synthetic materials at ${\mmb J}$ -band (220– 325 GHz ). The materials considered in this study include different types of fabrics (wool, polyester, acrylic, jeans, vinyl, and cow leather), in addition to human skin. For the wool and jeans materials, we consider both dry and wet conditions. The knowledge of dielectric constant of these materials is needed for evaluation of radar based concealed object detection methods. The measurement setup used consists mainly of a vector network analyzer (VNA) combined with two ${\mmb J}$ -band frequency extenders. A free space transmission only measurement technique is used to obtain both the complex dielectric constant and the effective thickness of all the fabric materials. Such approach is adequate for fabric materials as they do not have a well-defined thickness. The major factors affecting the uncertainty in the measurements are shown to be related to the sample thickness inhomogeneity, and to the unrepeatability of the network analyzer measurement itself. For the human skin case, a reflection measurement method from a terminated waveguide is adapted.
Association of Anxiety and Depression with Pulmonary-Specific Symptoms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objectives:To examine the association of anxiety and depression with pulmonary-specific symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and to determine the extent to which disease severity and functional capacity modify this association.Method:Patients (N = 162) enrolled in the INSPIRE-II study, an ongoing randomized, clinical trial of COPD patients and their caregivers who received either telephone-based coping skills training or education and symptom monitoring. Patients completed a psychosocial test battery including: Brief Fatigue Inventory, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory. Measures of disease severity and functional capacity (i.e., FEV1 and six-minute walk test) were also obtained.Results:After covariate adjustment, higher anxiety and depression levels were associated with greater fatigue levels (ps < .001, ΔR2 = 0.16 and 0.29, respectively), shortness of breath (ps < .001, ΔR2 = 0....
Cellophane for kidney dialysis

A new cellophane has been developed for use as a membrane in artificial kidney dialysis. Modification of the standard viscose casting and regeneration conditions produced films having permeabilities highly competitive with the cellulosic membranes presently employed in kidney dialysis. These modified cellophanes have permeabilities superior to the European cuprammonium films for all molecular species investigated. The greater permeabilities were found to be due to a much increased sweiling of these films resulting in a very small amount of cellulose which forms the barrier to molecular diffusion. These new cellophane structures also exhibit reasonable wet strength characteristics. The cellophane membranes offer the potential for obtaining a domestic membrane supply. This study indicates that although additional development work is required to produce a highly competitive membrane, these early results look extremely promising.
Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, and Mammographic Density in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors

Purpose To investigate the association between physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and mammographic density in a racially/ethnically diverse population-based sample of 522 postmenopausal women diagnosed with stage 0-IIIA breast cancer and enrolled in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study. Methods We collected information on BMI and physical activity during a clinic visit 2 to 3 years after diagnosis. Weight and height were measured in a standard manner. Using an interview-administered questionnaire, participants recalled the type, duration, and frequency of physical activities they had performed in the last year. We estimated dense area and percentage density as a continuous measure using a computer-assisted software program from mammograms imaged approximately 1 to 2 years after diagnosis. Analysis of covariance methods were used to obtain mean density across WHO BMI categories and physical activity tertiles adjusted for confounders. Results We observed a statistically significant decli...
Shared Experiences Are Amplified

In two studies, we found that sharing an experience with another person, without communicating, amplifies one's experience. Both pleasant and unpleasant experiences were more intense when shared. In Study 1, participants tasted pleasant chocolate. They judged the chocolate to be more likeable and flavorful when they tasted it at the same time that another person did than when that other person was present but engaged in a different activity. Although these results were consistent with our hypothesis that shared experiences are amplified compared with unshared experiences, it could also be the case that shared experiences are more enjoyable in general. We designed Study 2 to distinguish between these two explanations. In this study, participants tasted unpleasantly bitter chocolate and judged it to be less likeable when they tasted it simultaneously with another person than when that other person was present but doing something else. These results support the amplification hypothesis.
Impact of Nuisance Bleeding on Clopidogrel Compliance in Patients Undergoing Intracoronary Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

Premature cessation of clopidogrel is a strong risk factor for drug-eluting stent thrombosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The impact that superficial or "nuisance" bleeding may have on clopidogrel compliance has not been described. The study population consisted of 2,360 unselected patients undergoing successful drug-eluting stent implantation. Nuisance bleeding, defined as easy bruising, bleeding from small cuts, petechia, and ecchymosis, was assessed during routine clinical follow-up. Internal and alarming bleeding was recorded. Cessation of clopidogrel as a consequence of such bleeding was then assessed. Study population characteristics were 66.1% men, mean age 64.5 ± 11.8 years, diabetes mellitus in 31.1%, smoking in 18.5%, systemic hypertension in 81.8%, dyslipidemia in 87.9%, history of coronary artery disease in 49.1%, chronic renal insufficiency in 8.7%, and acute myocardial infarction in 10.8%. A total of 837 patients reported bleeding events (incidence 32.4%) of which 85.7% were nuisance, 13.6% were internal, and 0.7% were alarming. Rate of clopidogrel discontinuation as a result of bleeding in the nuisance bleeding group was 11.1%. In conclusion, superficial or nuisance bleeding is common in patients taking dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. Overall, 11.1% of patients with nuisance bleeding discontinued clopidogrel. Greater education and follow-up in this patient subset may lead to improved compliance with clopidogrel therapy.
Integrate Qualitative Biological Knowledge to Build Gene Networks by Parallel Dynamic Bayesian Network Structure Learning

Dynamic Bayesian Network has become a popular tool for reconstructing gene regulatory networks from microarray data. Developing high performance method is crucial to deal with the huge computational workload of Bayesian Network structure learning. Also noisy and under-sampled microarray data requires data integration mechanism to make use of legacy biological knowledge for more accurate gene network prediction. In this paper, we introduce a software system targeting on building large-scale gene networks realized by both parallel computing, and a novel data integration model which fuses qualitative gene interaction information with quantitative microarray data under the Dynamic Bayesian Networks framework. The experimental study shows that our method can accelerate the computation by using multiple CPUs, while still maintain its advantage in accuracy over non-integrative methods.
Celebrating poetic victory: representations of epinikia in Classical Athens

Although we are fairly well informed about the general organization and important events of the dramatic competitions in Athens, there remain significant gaps in our knowledge on many points of detail. In no place is this more true than with regard to the epinikian celebration honouring members of the victorious performance, about which scarcely any unambiguous testimony has come down to us. This study aims to provide new insights into the problem by demonstrating a connection between the iconography preserved in several sculpted reliefs of the Roman period commonly referred to as Dionysos? visit to Ikarios and the representation of a celebration for poetic victory in Plato?s Symposium. Central to the combined testimony of these sources is the ideal of Dionysos? epiphany to the poet in order to acknowledge and honour his victory in person. So identified as an element of victory celebration, related articulations of this imagined moment can then be detected in several additional representations on vases and in Aristophanic comedy, in both of which other independent elements likewise suggest the activation of an epinikian syntax. Practical matters about the celebration still elude us; what we gain, however, is a clearer sense of the religious ideals that were conveyed through these celebrations in connection with the worship of Dionysos, which formed a nucleus for the dramatic festivals.
Computing conditional recombination probabilities given marker information.

When a parent is homozygous, it is not possible to determine directly whether offspring share an allele identical by descent (IBD) from that parent. However, an IBD probability can be computed using information from linked loci where the parent is heterozygous. To solve this problem for the phase-known case, probability equations and a computer program were developed for efficient computation of conditional probabilities under a Sturt model of chiasma interference. Data are analyzed and contrasted with and without taking interference into account. The effect of failing to account for interference is very small, but the computational cost is also small. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Outside the Nation, Outside the Diaspora: Accommodating Race and Religion in Argentina

Afro-(Latin)-American religions have spread beyond their original boundaries of race, class, and, increasingly, nation, to attract an economically, ethnically and nationally diverse constituency. In the process, issues of race and nationality, which have always figured prominently in these religions' discourses -- as well as of those who wrote about them -- have now acquired even more relevance. The lecture analyzes the efforts of white, mostly low middle class followers of Afro-Brazilian religions in Buenos Aires to accommodate issues of race and nation in order to overcome the increasing problematization of their practices. It examines the strategies that practitioners have employed to try to improve the image of their religion and how these have changed according to public reaction and the support they have garnered. The analysis focuses, especially, on their attempts to stress the cultural aspects of their religious practice and on their efforts to insert their religion within the country's history and culture by stressing the nation's Black heritage.
Hexokinase II: Cancer's double-edged sword acting as both facilitator and gatekeeper of malignancy when bound to mitochondria

A key hallmark of many cancers, particularly the most aggressive, is the capacity to metabolize glucose at an elevated rate, a phenotype detected clinically using positron emission tomography (PET). This phenotype provides cancer cells, including those that participate in metastasis, a distinct competitive edge over normal cells. Specifically, after rapid entry of glucose into cancer cells on the glucose transporter, the highly glycolytic phenotype is supported by hexokinase (primarily HK II) that is overexpressed and bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane via the porin-like protein voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). This protein and the adenine nucleotide transporter move ATP, newly synthesized by the inner membrane located ATP synthase, to active sites on HK II. The abundant amounts of HK II bind both the ATP and the incoming glucose producing the product glucose-6-phosphate, also at an elevated rate. This critical metabolite then serves both as a biosynthetic precursor to support cell proliferation and as a precursor for lactic acid, the latter exiting cancer cells causing an unfavorable environment for normal cells. Although helping facilitate this chemical warfare, HK II via its mitochondrial location also suppresses the death of cancer cells, thus increasing their possibility for metastasis and the ultimate death of the human host. For these reasons, targeting this key enzyme is currently being investigated in several laboratories in a strategy to develop novel therapies that may turn the tide on the continuing struggle to find effective cures for cancer. One such candidate is 3-bromopyruvate that has been shown recently to eradicate advanced stage, PET positive hepatocellular carcinomas in an animal model without apparent harm to the animals.
Synergistic Modulation of ATP-Sensitive K+ Currents by Protein Kinase C and Adenosine Implications for Ischemic Preconditioning

Ischemic preconditioning has been shown to involve the activation of adenosine receptors, protein kinase C (PKC), and ATP-sensitive K+ (K ATP) channels. We investigated the effects of PKC activation and adenosine on K(ATP) current (I KATP) and action potentials in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes. Responses to pinacidil (100 to 400 micromol/L), an opener of K(ATP) channels, were markedly increased by preexposure to the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 100 nmol/L). I(KATP) measured at 0 mV was increased by PMA pretreatment from 0.55 +/- 0.32 to 3.25 +/- 0.47 nA (n=6, P < .01). We next determined whether PKC activation abbreviates the time required to turn on I(KATP) developed after an average of 15.1 +/- 2.4 minutes (n=8). Ten-minute pretreatment with PMA alone (PMA+MI) did not significantly alter this latency (11.9 +/- 2.0 minutes, n=8). Since adenosine receptor activation has been shown to play an important role in the preconditioning response, two groups of myocytes were studied with adenosine (10 micromol/L) included during MI. Without PMA, adenosine alone (MI+Ado) did not affect the latency to develop I(KATP) (12.3 +/- 1.5 minutes, n=8). However, if cells were pretreated with PMA and then subjected to MI in the presence of adenosine (PMA+MI+Ado), the latency was greatly shortened to 5.5 +/- 1.6 minutes (n=8;P < .02 versus MI, PMA+MI, and MI+Ado groups). This effect could not be reproduced by an inactive phorbol but was completely abolished by the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)-theophylline. The opening of K(ATP) channels may be cardioprotective because of the abbreviation of action potential duration (APD) during ischemia. Therefore, we tested whether PKC activation could modify the time course of APD shortening during MI. Consistent with the ionic current measurements, PMA pretreatment significantly accelerated APD shortening, but only when adenosine (10 micromol/L) was included during MI. The effects were not attributable to accelerated ATP consumption: PMA pretreatment did not alter the time required to induce rigor during MI, whether or not adenosine was included. Our results indicate that PKC activation increases the I(KATP) Induced by pinacidil or by MI. The latter effect requires concomitant adenosine receptor activation. The synergistic modulation of I(KATP) by PKC and adenosine provides an explicit basis for current paradigms of ischemic preconditioning.
Scattering from 3-D Inhomogeneous Chiral Bodies of Arbitrary Shape by the Method of Moments

A method of moments (MoM) solution is presented for the problem of electromagnetic scattering by a three-dimensional (3D) inhomogeneous chiral scatterer illuminated by an arbitrary incident field. The volume equivalence principle was used to obtain coupled integral equations for equivalent volume currents. These integral equations were then solved numerically using MoM. The volume of the scatterer was modeled by tetrahedral cells, and face-based expansion functions were used to approximate the equivalent currents. Computed results are in very good agreement with exact data or other published data.
pH sensor demonstrating a layout programmable squeeze pumped microfluidic platform

We demonstrate a pH sensor utilizing a layout-programmed squeeze-pumped microfluidic platform. The device is fabricated via direct polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micromilling and utilizes an external single-actuator squeeze pump for simultaneous pumping of multiple fluids at different layout-determined flow volumes from 300–9000pL/step. The pumping system, akin to the development of Polaroid instant film, provides an inexpensive means for operating disposable microfluidic devices in the field without external power supplies, valves, or fluidic interface ports. The pH sensor demonstrates functionality of this low-cost, disposable, lab-on-a chip microfluidic detection system.
Congruence of Endohelminth Community Similarity in Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) with Drainage Structure in Southeastern Nebraska

The endohelminth component communities of creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) were studied in southeastern Nebraska to determine whether parasite community similarity corresponded to drainage identity. Creek chub were sampled from 12 sites on 3 drainages of the Big Nemaha River system during 4 periods from summer 2003 to summer 2005. Analysis of similarity, cluster analyses, and ordination suggested that community similarity was more similar among sites within drainages than among drainages. Vector analysis and indicator species analysis demonstrated that the distributions of 2 of the parasite species, Paulisentis missouriensis (Acanthocephala) and Rhabdochona canadensis (Nematoda), were highly aggregated among drainages. Allocreadium lobatum (Trematoda) and Proteocephalus sp. (Cestoda) occurred more uniformly among sites and drainages. Procrustean analyses suggested that drainage-level differences in species composition better explained the spatial pattern of community similarity than did physical distance. These results suggest that there are predictable differences in component communities among drainages.
Practical issues related to uterine pathology: endometrial stromal tumors

Uterine mesenchymal tumors continue to be a challenge to diagnose due to their non-specific clinical presentation, often non-distinctive gross appearance, varied (and many times overlapping) morphologic appearance, and unsuspected pitfalls in immunohistochemical expression. This review will focus on endometrial stromal tumors and those features that help in their distinction. In particular, a practical approach to the diagnosis of endometrial stromal neoplasia will be covered including recognition as a stromal process in a biopsy/curettage and distinction from a highly cellular leiomyoma. In addition, distinction of a stromal nodule from a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) and stromal sarcoma with limited infiltration in a hysterectomy specimen will be covered. The salient features that help distinguish a LGESS from a uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor as well as high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, the latter a tumor recently reintroduced in the WHO classification will also be discussed. Finally, a practical approach to the diagnosis of undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS) will be presented.
Collective motion patterns of swarms with delay coupling: Theory and experiment.

The formation of coherent patterns in swarms of interacting self-propelled autonomous agents is a subject of great interest in a wide range of application areas, ranging from engineering and physics to biology. In this paper, we model and experimentally realize a mixed-reality large-scale swarm of delay-coupled agents. The coupling term is modeled as a delayed communication relay of position. Our analyses, assuming agents communicating over an Erdos-Renyi network, demonstrate the existence of stable coherent patterns that can be achieved only with delay coupling and that are robust to decreasing network connectivity and heterogeneity in agent dynamics. We also show how the bifurcation structure for emergence of different patterns changes with heterogeneity in agent acceleration capabilities and limited connectivity in the network as a function of coupling strength and delay. Our results are verified through simulation as well as preliminary experimental results of delay-induced pattern formation in a mixed-reality swarm.
Statistical Data Analysis and Modeling

The availability of large structured datasets has prompted the need for efficient data analysis and modeling techniques. In systems biology, data-driven modeling approaches create models of complex cellular systems without making assumptions about the underlying mechanisms. In this chapter, we will discuss eigenvalue-based approaches, which identify important characteristics (information) of big datasets through decomposition and dimensionality reduction. We intend to address singular value decomposition (SVD), principle component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares regression (PLSR) approaches for data-driven modeling. In multi-linear systems (that share characteristics such as time points, measurements, etc.), tensor decomposition becomes particularly important for understanding higher-order datasets. Therefore, we will also discuss how to scale up these methods to tensor decomposition using an example dealing with host-cell responses to viral infection.
What Further Research Could Teach Us about “Close Encounters of the Third Kind”: Intraplate Earthquakes Associated with Fluid Injection

Abstract We propose five hypothesis concerning small intraplate earthquakes and the possibility that they are triggered by fluid injection. The proposed hypotheses are based on empirical observations but are consistent with the generally accepted ideas that small intraplate earthquakes are ubiquitous and occur on preexisting faults in response to regional tectonic stress and that injected fluids can induce seismic slip by reducing normal stress and hence fault strength. Although these hypotheses are not yet proven, they serve as a template for additional research. They also provide a basis for making decisions that reduce the likelihood of triggering earthquakes and for mitigating potential seismic hazard associated with injection activities.
Land Use Problems in Minnesota

Land use problems are commonly defined as maladjustments between land resources and population. These maladjustments may be the result of attempts to use the land for purposes for which it is not adapted, or of attempts to utilize it by methods which do not fit the specific conditions under which they are applied. Two factors make for a great variety in the land use problems found in Minnesota. One is the wide range in soil types, topographic features, and climatic conditions found in the state and which give rise to a wide variety of land resources. The other is the comparative youth of the state. It has not been settled long enough to have permitted a proper evaluation of its varied resources or a proper adjustment of its population to them. The state was settled rapidly, and during a period in which it was generally thought that all possible land would be needed for agricultural purposes. The timber resources, which constituted the greatest original resource of approximately one third of the state, were rapidly exploited, with little or no provision being made to maintain or replace them. Much of the population which had been attracted to the region by the timber industry was left stranded when these resources were exhausted and the timber operators moved out. However, at the time, this was not considered as a cause for alarm as it was expected that agriculture would immediately develop and take care of the population. The land speculator followed the timber operator, or, as was frequently the case, the timber operator became a land speculator. The settler followed the lumber jack, or the lumber jack became a settler, frequently with little regard to the agricultural productivity of the soil upon which he settled. Little attention was paid to the recreational resources. While the lakes and streams could not be obliterated or removed, their beauty and their value were greatly decreased by the destruction of their forested shore lines and their water sheds. The value of these resources and the contributions which they can make to the welfare of a community has come to be appreciated only within recent years. Shortly after the turn of the century an extensive drainage program was started, and by 1917 millions of acres of swamp land had been drained, ostensibly to provide needed agricultural land. Actually, this drainage program added very little to the agricul-
Dynamic social feature-based diffusion in mobile social networks

With the wide use of smart mobile devices and the popularity of mobile social networks (MSNs), direct marketing has been adopted by more and more companies to announce the news of their products first to a group of selected profitable customers and let them diffuse the news by "word-of-mouth" to other potential buyers to control the marketing cost. In this paper, we study the diffusion minimization problem whose goal is to select an optimal set of initial nodes to disseminate the information to the whole network as quickly as possible. We tackle the problem by taking advantage of node social features in MSNs. We define dynamic social features to capture nodes' dynamic contact behavior and use social similarity metrics to measure their social closeness. We adopt the community concept in social networks to reduce the complexity of the diffusion minimization problem. We propose novel diffusion node selection algorithms based on these new features to minimize the diffusion time. Simulation results show that our algorithms have lower diffusion times than the existing ones.
The 11 year solar cycle signature on wave-driven dynamics in WACCM

This study describes the influence of the 11 year solar cycle on gravity waves and the wave-driven circulation, using an ensemble of six simulations of the period from 1955 to 2005 along with fixed solar maximum and minimum simulations of the Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model (WACCM). Solar cycle signals are estimated by calculating the difference between solar maximum and minimum conditions. Simulations under both time-varying and fixed solar inputs show statistically significant responses in temperatures and winds in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during austral winter and spring. At solar maximum, the monthly mean, zonal mean temperature in the SH from July to October is cooler (~1–3 K) in the stratosphere and warmer (~1–4 K) in the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere (MLT). In solar maximum years, the SH polar vortex is more stable and its eastward speed is about 5–8 m s−1 greater than during solar minimum. The increase in the eastward wind propagates downward and poleward from July to October in the SH. Because of increase in the eastward wind, the propagation of eastward gravity waves to the MLT is reduced. This results in a net westward response in gravity wave drag, peaking at ~10 m s−1 d−1 in the SH high-latitude MLT. These changes in gravity wave drag modify the wave-induced residual circulation, and this contributes to the warming of ~1–4 K in the MLT.
A case of unilateral adrenal hyperplasia: the diagnostic dilemma of hyperaldosteronism.

Abstract Objective: To report the successful laparoscopic surgical management of a case of right unilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Methods: We present a case of unilateral adrenal hyperplasia and review the pertinent literature. The effectiveness of surgical treatment of unilateral adrenal hyperplasia is evaluated. Results: A 50-year-old man had a 7-year history of hypertension, which had been treated with antihypertensive medications. On initial assessment, he was taking long-acting diltiazem, 240 mg twice a day, and his blood pressure was 150/84 mm Hg. He was noted to have recurrent hypokalemia, low plasma renin activity, increased plasma aldosterone concentration, and high urinary aldosterone levels. Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal glands revealed a normal left adrenal gland and fullness of the right adrenal gland. Selective adrenal vein catheterization showed findings consistent with a right-sided adrenal gradient. Surgical removal of the right adrenal gland laparoscopically alleviated his symptoms and cured his hypertension and hypokalemia. Pathologic examination of the right adrenal gland revealed diffuse hyperplasia of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Plasma aldosterone, renin, and potassium levels returned to normal postoperatively, and his blood pressure declined to 120/70 mm Hg. At 1-year follow-up, the patient remained normotensive without the need for antihypertensive agents. Conclusion: This rare type of hyperaldosteronism, known as unilateral adrenal hyperplasia, is difficult to categorize not only because it fails to typify a conventional subtype but also because it is difficult to confirm the pathologic diagnosis. Recognition of the variety of provocative, biochemical, and imaging results that may be seen in this disorder is important in making the correct diagnosis. Determining unilaterality of disease by selective adrenal vein sampling can result in a cure of hypertension and hypokalemia by surgical resection. (Endocr Pract. 2000;6:153-158)
Using MapBox Software to Help Students See Trends in Biology

Technology applications can offer an accessible way for teachers to bring the real world into science classes. Using MapBox Studio, a free mapping software program, our cross-disciplinary student teams were able to visually conceptualize large datasets and see emerging trends for themselves, facilitating the research process while making student learning more active and engaged.
Evaluation method for backorder risk by considering risk propagation

Since the backorder risk might spread to the downstream enterprises along the supply chain,a risk evaluation method for backorder risk by considering the risk propagation was proposed.In this method,the manufacturer delayed in delivery was treated as the top event in fault tree according to FTA idea.The fault tree included middle events of multiple suppliers such as procurement,production and transportation and basic events of manufacturer backorder was constructed by considering the supply and demand between enterprises and the risk propagation.The probabilities of basic events in the fault tree were determined through the analysis of related historical events.The backorder probability of manufacturer was calculated according to FTA idea.On this basis,the backorder risk of manufacturer was evaluated by considering the loss caused by manufacturer backorder and the compensation of manufacturer obtained from the suppliers.A practical example was used to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Hypoxia increased nPKCεmembrane translocation in cultured SY5Y cells

Objective: To explore the role of nPKCKCmi-quantitatively by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. Results: It was found that th e decreased protein level of nPKCgarded as membrane translocation. The significant nPKC鑧as only found in particulate, and there were no significant changes during hypoxic exposure (P 0.1, n=6). Conclusions: These results suggest that nPKC
Optically monitored drug delivery patch based on porous silicon and polymer microneedles

Fabrication and characterization of an optically monitored hybrid patch for local administration of drugs, based on polymeric micro-needles and a porous silicon free-standing membrane, are reported. The micro-needles are realized by an innovative photolithographic approach that allows fine tuning of geometrical parameters, using polyethylene glycol and a commercial photo-catalyzer. The porous silicon multilayer not only increases the storage of a relevant amount of the drug, but also offers a continuous, naked-eye monitoring of the drug delivery process. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we report our results on the release of a dye molecule (fluorescein, 332 Da) in a phosphate saline buffer.
Late recurrence of a seminoma.

AbstractWe report a case of an extragonadal mediastinal seminoma that recurred almost 19 years after successful initial remission had been achieved with actinomycin D and chlorambucil. Treatment of the recurrence consisted of excision of a single involved supraclavicular lymph node followed by combination chemotherapy with cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin. The patient has remained free of residual disease for 3 years. To our knowledge this case represents the longest reported interval to recurrence for a germ cell neoplasm.
Memorial Culture and the Kinship of Friendship in Katherine Philips's “Wiston Vault”

ABSTRACTKatherine Philips’s corpus of work includes epitaphs for friends and family, and several of her poems on female friendship include descriptions of monuments dedicated to herself and a female friend. Why, then, does Philips excoriate epitaphs and funeral monuments in her poem “Wiston Vault”? And why is this poem linked, through its title, specifically with the burial place of her husband's powerful relatives, the Wogans of Wiston? This article suggests that Philips’s poem positions itself rhetorically as an intervention into contemporary debates about proper memorialization for the dead, and presents an alternative form of memorialization. Instead of striving for traditional “immortality” garnered through lineage and fame, the memorialization described in “Wiston Vault” seeks to ensure Philips's continued “life” in her present community by reimagining the role of the body of the friend in the memorial practices surrounding voluntary kinship. After examining the historical circumstances that may hav...
El Analogue States in 90Zr Studied with Polarized Proton Capture

Studies of the 89Y(p,γ0) reaction1,2) have revealed the existence of sharp, isolated 1− analogue (IAR) resonances at Ep = 6.15 and 8.01 MeV which have been assigned isospin T> = 6 because of their narrow width and the known parent spectrum of 90Y. We have studied the same reaction with polarized protons in the regions of these two IAR’s in steps of 25 keV with a 30 keV (average) thick target. The angular distributions σ(θ) and the analyzing powers A(θ) have been analyzed according to \( 4\pi \sigma \left( \theta \right) = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^3 {{A_k}{P_k}} \left( \theta \right)and4\pi \sigma \left( \theta \right)A\left( \theta \right) = {\sum\limits_{k = 0}^3 {{B_k}{P_k}} ^1}\left( \theta \right). \).
Elemental areal density calculation and oxygen speciation for flat glass surfaces using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract The elemental composition of multi-component glass surfaces is often insufficient for understanding the effects of surface treatments on properties. For this reason, a data analysis protocol has been developed to quantify the areal density of elements and to determine the oxygen speciation on glass surfaces by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for flat glass surfaces on which other methods such as optical spectroscopy and thermal analysis cannot be applied due to their low surface area, surface contamination, insufficient signal, etc. Various oxygen species (hydroxyls, non-bridging oxygen, and bridging oxygen) are distinguished and quantified using a simple workflow involving the determination of accurate elemental relative sensitivity factors, adventitious hydrocarbon contamination correction, and the conversion of the corrected elemental glass composition to areal elemental density. The areal density of oxygen species is obtained by a standard glass model based stoichiometry approach and compared with a constrained peak fitting of the O 1s photoelectron spectrum. The data analytical protocol is first verified with a silica glass, and then applied to pristine re-melt surfaces and acid-leached surfaces of commercial multi-component silicate glasses. XPS analysis revealed that upon leaching, significant repolymerization of network oxygen is observed in the calcium aluminosilicate glass surface in contrast to the lack of restructuring in the soda-lime silica glass surface.
Emerging Julia Sets

Functions from the complex plane to itself are difficult to visualize; we consider the real and imaginary projections. In this paper, we explore the connections between the graphs of the real and i...
François Leuret: the last moral therapist.

By the 1840s French psychiatrists had abandoned Moral Treatment as an individual psychological therapy, as opposed to an institutional practice. One advocate of Moral Treatment, however, would not go along with this movement. In three books and several papers published between 1834 and 1846, Francois Leuret (1797-1851) advocated aggressive psychological treatment. Recent commentators have understandably concentrated on the controversies surrounding Leuret's practices. What such an approach has failed to make clear, however, is that Leuret had a complex, systematic psychological theory supporting his clinical judgements. In addition to reviewing the controversies that surrounded Leuret, this paper spells out Leuret's psychological theory and shows how he used this theory to think about the individual psychotherapy he provided for his patients.
Traffic State Estimation for Urban Road Networks Using a Link Queue Model

Traffic state estimation (TSE) is used for real-time estimation of the traffic characteristics (such as flow rate, flow speed, and flow density) of each link in a transportation network, provided with sparse observations. The complex urban road dynamics and flow entry and exit on urban roads challenge the application of TSE on large-scale urban road networks. Because of increasingly available data from various sources, such as cell phones, GPS, probe vehicles, and inductive loops, a theoretical framework is needed to fuse all data to best estimate traffic states in large-scale urban networks. In this context, a Bayesian probabilistic model to estimate traffic states is proposed, along with an expectation–maximization extended Kalman filter (EM-EKF) algorithm. The model incorporates a mesoscopic traffic flow propagation model (the link queue model) that can be computationally efficient for large-scale networks. The Bayesian framework can seamlessly integrate multiple data sources for best inferring flow pr...
Modelling individual vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections to optimise intervention strategies: analysis of surveillance data from Kalamazoo County, Michigan, USA

Objective We modelled individual vulnerability to STI using personal history of infection and neighbourhood characteristics. Methods Retrospective chlamydia and gonorrhoea data of reported confirmed cases from Kalamazoo County, Michigan for 2012 through 2014 were analysed. Unique IDs were generated from the surveillance data in collaboration with local health officials to track the individual STI histories. We then examine the concept that individuals with similar STI histories form a ‘peer’ group. These peer group include: (1) individuals with a single chlamydia; (2) individuals with single gonorrhoea; (3) individuals with repeated cases of one type of STI and (4) individuals that were diagnosed with both infections during the study period. Using Kernel density estimation, we generated densities for each peer group and assigned the intensity of the infection to the location of the individual. Finally, the individual vulnerability was characterised through ordinary least square regression (OLS) using demographics and socioeconomic variables. Results In an OLS regression adjusted for frequency of infection, individual vulnerability to STI was only consistently significant for race and neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) in all the models under consideration. In addition, we identified six areas in three townships in Kalamazoo County that could be considered for unique interventions based on overlap patterns among peer groups. Conclusions The results provide evidence that individual vulnerability to STI has some dependency on individual contextual (race) and exogenous factors at the neighbourhood level such as SES, regardless of that individual’s personal history of infection. We suggest place-based intervention strategies be adopted for planning STI interventions instead of current universal screening of at-risk populations.