cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ply Thickness on Fracture of Notched Composite Laminates

The effect of ply thickness on unnotched and notched strength of fiber-dominated laminates is investigated. Experiments are conducted to examine the effect of subcritical damage on fracture toughness of AS4/3501-6 graphite/epoxy laminates with cross-ply and quasi-isotropic configurations. It is observed that ply thickness has a significant effect on the notched behavior of cross-ply laminates but less so for quasi-isotropic laminates. The experimentally observed crack-tip damage in the form of axial splitting in the 0-deg plies and delamination is modeled by a two-dimensional finite element analysis using Mindlin plates, and the criterion that controls damage (split) growth is established. The role of such damage on crack-tip stress distribution is investigated, and inferences are drawn to determine the circumstances under which a fracture mechanics type of failure model can be used to predict the notched response of these laminates.
The biophysics of the gram-negative periplasmic space.

When subject to an osmotic 'up-shock', water flows outward from bacterial cytoplasm of the bacterium. Lipid bilayers can shrink very little in area and therefore must wrinkle to accommodate the smaller volume. The usual consequence is that all the layers of the cell envelope must become wrinkled together because they adhere to each other and must now cover a smaller surface. Plasmolysis spaces are formed if the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) separates from the other components of the wall. However, because the CM bilayer is essentially an incompressible two-dimensional liquid, this constraint restricts the location and shape of plasmolysis spaces. With mild up-shocks they form at the pole and around constricting regions in the cell. Elsewhere their creation requires the formation of endocytotic or exocytotic vesicles. The formation of endocytotic vesicles occurs in animal and plant cells as well as in bacterial cells. With stronger up-shocks tubular structures (Bayer adhesion sites), or other special geometric shapes (e.g., Scheie structures) allow the bilayer to surround an irregular shaped cytoplast. Periosmotic agents, that is, those that extract water from the periplasm as well as the cytoplasm, are molecules such as poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone and alpha-cyclodextrin that are too large to pass through the porins in the outer membrane. They were found to significantly inhibit the formation of plasmolysis spaces. Presumably, they inhibit the plasmolysis process, which requires that extracellular fluid enter between the CM and the outer membrane (OM). In the extreme case, with the dehydrating action of both osmotic agents and periosmotic agents, periplasmic space formation tends to be prevented and a new kind of space develops within the cytoplasm. We have designated these as 'cytoplasmic voids'. These novel structures are not bounded by lipid bilayers, in contrast to the endocytotic vesicles. These new spaces appear to result from the negative turgor pressure generated by the application of the combination of osmotic and periosmotic agents causing bubble formation. Several ideas in the literature about the wall biology (periseptal annuli, leading edge, osmotic pressure in the periplasm) are presented and critiqued. The basic criticism of these is that much of the phenomena can be explained because of the physics of the phospholipid bilayers and osmotic forces and thus does not imply the existence of a special control mechanism to regulate growth and division.
Fair Cache Sharing and Partitioning in a Chip Multiprocessor Architecture

This paper presents a detailed study of fairness in cache sharing between threads in a chip multiprocessor (CMP) architecture. Prior work in CMP architectures has only studied throughput optimization techniques for a shared cache. The issue of fairness in cache sharing, and its relation to throughput, has not been studied. Fairness is a critical issue because the operating system (OS) thread scheduler's effectiveness depends on the hardware to provide fair cache sharing to co-scheduled threads. Without such hardware, serious problems, such as thread starvation and priority inversion, can arise and render the OS scheduler ineffective. This paper makes several contributions. First, it proposes and evaluates five cache fairness metrics that measure the degree of fairness in cache sharing, and shows that two of them correlate very strongly with the execution-time fairness. Execution-time fairness is defined as how uniform the execution times of co-scheduled threads are changed, where each change is relative to the execution time of the same thread running alone. Secondly, using the metrics, the paper proposes static and dynamic L2 cache partitioning algorithms that optimize fairness. The dynamic partitioning algorithm is easy to implement, requires little or no profiling, has low overhead, and does not restrict the cache replacement algorithm to LRU. The static algorithm, although requiring the cache to maintain LRU stack information, can help the OS thread scheduler to avoid cache thrashing. Finally, this paper studies the relationship between fairness and throughput in detail. We found that optimizing fairness usually increases throughput, while maximizing throughput does not necessarily improve fairness. Using a set of co-scheduled pairs of benchmarks, on average our algorithms improve fairness by a factor of 4/spl times/, while increasing the throughput by 15%, compared to a nonpartitioned shared cache.
Interactive Message-Locked Encryption and Secure Deduplication

This paper considers the problem of secure storage of outsourced data in a way that permits deduplication. We are for the first time able to provide privacy for messages that are both correlated and dependent on the public system parameters. The new ingredient that makes this possible is interaction. We extend the message-locked encryption (MLE) primitive of prior work to interactive message-locked encryption (iMLE) where upload and download are protocols. Our scheme, providing security for messages that are not only correlated but allowed to depend on the public system parameters, is in the standard model. We explain that interaction is not an extra assumption in practice because full, existing deduplication systems are already interactive.
Power Gating with Multiple Sleep Modes

This paper describes a power gating technique with multiple sleep modes where each mode represents a trade-off between wake-up overhead and leakage savings. We show that high wake-up latency and wake-up power penalty of traditional power gating limits its application to large stretches of inactivity. Our simulations and data traces show that multiple sleep mode capability provides an extra 17% reduction in overall leakage as compared to single mode gating. The multiple modes can be designed to allow state-retentive modes. The results on benchmarks show that a single state-retentive mode can reduce leakage by 19% while preserving state of the circuit.
No More Black and Blue Women Against Violence Against Women and the Warner Communications Boycott, 1976—1979

In the mid-1970s, Women Against Violence Against Women (WAVAW), the first national feminist organization to protest mediated sexual violence against women, pressured the music industry to cease using images of violence against women in its advertising. This article presents a case study of WAVAW's national boycott of Warner Communications, Inc. and documents the activists' successful consumer campaign. The study reveals that media violence was central to feminist organizing efforts, and that WAVAW and related organizations helped establish a climate of concern about violence that motivated scientific research on the relationship between exposure to media violence and subsequent aggression.
Ultrasound-enhanced chemotherapy and gene delivery for glioma cells.

Treatment of brain cancer is limited in part by inefficient intracellular delivery of drugs and DNA for chemotherapy and gene therapy, respectively. This study tested the hypothesis that ultrasound may be used to enhance intracellular delivery and efficacy of chemothera peutics and genes in glioma cells in vitro. First, suitable ultrasound conditions were identified by measuring intracellular uptake of calcein and viability of GS 9L rat gliosarcoma cells after a range of different ultrasound exposures. We selected sonication at 10 J/cm2, which achieved intracellular delivery of ~106 molecules/cell. Next, glial cells were sonicated with varying concentrations of model chemotherapeutics: BCNU and bleomycin. For both drugs, cytotoxicity was increased in a synergistic manner when accompanied by ultrasound exposure. Finally, expression of a plasmid DNA encoding a GFP reporter was increased up to 30-fold when exposed to ultrasound. Altogether, these findings suggest that ultrasound may be useful to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy and gene therapy of glioma cells.
Internal Control Reporting and Audit Fees of Non-Accelerated Filers

Recent actions by regulators and legislators reflect the belief that compliance with Section 404 of SOX is quite costly for non-accelerated filers. In this paper, we examine (a) the associations between the presence and remediation of internal control problems and audit fees for non-accelerated filers, and (b) how such associations differ for non-accelerated filers from those for accelerated filers. Using data from fiscal years 2008 and 2009, we find that the audit fee premium for non-accelerated filers disclosing a material weakness in internal controls (a) is significantly lower than the corresponding premium paid by accelerated filers, and (b) declines significantly over time only for the non-accelerated filers. We also examine subsequent remediation of internal control problems and find that in the case of accelerated filers remediating clients pay lower fees compared to clients continuing to report internal control problems; however, such differences are not observed in the case of non-accelerated filers. Overall, our findings suggest that the market for audit services differs significantly for non-accelerated filers than from the audit market for accelerated filers.
The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors in the Old Order Amish in Northern Indiana: A Preliminary Study

Background: The Amish are a culturally distinct religious sect who are the fastest growing rural group in the U.S. Little is known about their prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors of the Amish The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence rates, risk factors, and types of treatments used to prevent and treat CVD among a sample of the adult Amish in northern Indiana. Methods: A randomized retrospective chart review (n = 200) from a primary healthcare clinic in a large Amish settlement was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to determine prevalence rates of CVD, risk factors, and types of medical and alternative health treatments. Prevalence rates were compared to white prevalence rates of the American Heart Association (AHA) 2009. Results: The overall CVD prevalence was higher among Amish men (n = 105) and women (n = 95) compared to white men and women (38.1% and 44.2% vs. 37.2% and 35%, respectively). Regarding CVD risk factors, there was a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia when compared to AHA prevalence rates (22.9% and 24.2% vs. 16.1% and 18.2%) but a lower prevalence of Type II diabetes mellitus (4.8% and 5.3% vs. 6.7% and 6.0%) and smoking (9.5% and 2.1% vs. 24% and 20%). Obesity was prevalent with 73.7% of males (n = 19) and 100% (n = 11) of women were overweight or obese. An additional finding was the high prevalence of depression in both Amish genders compared to rural Americans (19.0% and 22.1% vs. 6.1% both genders) and anxiety (11.4% and 14.7% vs.3.6% and 6.6%). The Amish use a wide variety of vitamins and herbal remedies along with prescription medications to prevent and treat CVD. Conclusion: CVD and its associated risk factors are a concerning health problem in the Amish of northern Indiana.
Spectrum of hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy.

Hypertension in pregnancy represents a spectrum of clinical entities, including pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, low platelet count syndrome. Although hypertension is a common denominator in this group of disorders, the pathogenesis, clinical features, and clinical course of these disorders is variable and somewhat distinct. Therapy must be tailored to the clinical entity and the patient. The incidence and prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia are decreasing worldwide. This decrease partly may be caused by the improved treatment of PIH and improved obstetrical services.
A Robust Motion Control of Actuators in Disk Files

The Versatile Sliding Control (VSC) was applied to an actuator in disk files to provide a fast, accurate, and robust control. The control system was designed to be insensitive to the system uncertainties which include modeling errors and unmodeled dynamics. The modeling errors due to system parameter deviations were completely compensated. The effects of the unmodeled dynamics to the system accuracy were controlled and reduced.
Identification and Localization of Data Types within Large-Scale File Systems

This research examines the application of statistical analysis techniques for the identification of data types embedded within a file to assist analysts with the location of data, potentially relevant to criminal activity. The results show that the statistical analysis can effectively aid identification of the types of data embedded in a file and the approximate location of these data types. This analysis identifies component data types, irrespective of the type of file being analyzed. When applied, this technique will allow analysts to more effectively and efficiently locate relevant data on a hard drive, especially on today's particularly large hard drives
Movement of inventors and the effect of knowledge spillovers on spread of innovation: Evidence from patent analysis in high-tech industries

Over the past decades, many researchers have attributed growth and evolution of new technologies partly to knowledge spillovers among inventors and corporations. Patents and patent citations are considered as indicators of such knowledge transfer as a citing patent acknowledges the prior knowledge embedded in the cited patent. In this paper, the authors examine the effect of knowledge spillovers on patenting behavior of the inventors. In particular, would an inventor moving from one company to another acquire new knowledge and can this knowledge be transferred implicitly through his/her future innovations? The authors attempt to answer this question by studying the patenting behavior of a sample of inventors in high-tech industries from 1990 to 2005. The study shows a positive relationship between inventors' movements to their ability to create patents in patent classes outside the classes they previously patented in. The paper reports the results of this study for inventors in telecommunications, information technology and biopharmaceutical industries throughout the US.
The Roots of Psychosomatic Medicine II: George L. Engel.

Objective The purpose of this article is to examine and appreciate the contributions of George Libman Engel, MD, to psychosomatic medicine. Conclusion Engel was a prolific researcher, medical educator, and writer who championed the biopsychosocial model, which has been widely embraced and practiced in psychiatry and medicine to this day. In the late 1970s, when Engel published his seminal article on the biopsychosocial model, the dominant model of medicine was still the biomedical model. This model considered the most important and scientifically sound aspects of patient history to be those that could be easily quantified, such as laboratory values. The biomedical model left no room for the psychosocial aspects, such as the patient׳s relationships and social status, to be integrated into patient care. Though many had expressed dissatisfaction with the biomedical model and suspected that it was too 1 dimensional to provide adequate patient care, Engel was among the first to propose a replacement model. Furthermore, he stipulated that there is a scientific necessity to consider psychosocial aspects of patient history to provide the most complete diagnoses and treatment plan. Along with his biopsychosocial approach to the patient, Engel also contributed heavily to research and to education of medical students. His legacy is one of compassionate, scientific doctoring.
Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis: Investment Behavior and Financial Flows

Previous chapters investigated why multinational enterprises (MNEs) invest resources in facilities abroad at all. The focus now shifts to why they undertake capital expenditures abroad at the rates they do, and what explains their choice of methods of financing these expenditures. Their investment and financing behavior might differ from domestic firms for several reasons. Demands giving rise to their investments are geographically dispersed, based in imperfectly competitive markets, and raise important questions of option values. Their financing decisions are made in imperfect international capital markets that may be balkanized by variable exchange rates. In the long run, does the MNE enjoy an opportunity to arbitrage between national capital markets that are cleaved by transaction costs? In the short run, how do its money-management decisions respond to variations of exchange rates and short-term credit conditions? The firm's balance-sheet identity and its changes over time provide a helpful framework for the analysis that follows (Stevens, 1972). A growing foreign subsidiary chooses to expand its assets – fixed (plant and equipment) or liquid (receivables, working capital). This expansion must be financed from some increase in its liabilities: retained earnings from its previous profits, new equity or loans from its parent, and borrowing from external sources (call it local borrowing). Similarly, the subsidiary's parent can expand its fixed or liquid assets in its home base, but also its investment in or claims on its subsidiaries.
Control Oriented Discretized Cathode Control Volume Method for Improved PEM Fuel Cell Modeling

The humidity levels in PEM fuel cells has a profound effect on the performance. However, in large fuel cell stacks the relative humidity (RH) changes significantly along the length of the stack. This paper presents a control-oriented model with spatial considerations of the distribution of water vapor that can be used to properly predict and control the humidity levels in a PEM fuel cell stack.This model predicts the dynamic response of the stack in real-time by tracking energy and mass flows in four basic CVs. To provide spatial information of the stack conditions, the cathode CV was further subdivided into 6 sub-volumes. The model was validated with experiments conducted on a 28-cell, 2kW fuel cell stack. The validation results show that the multiple CV approach can accurately predict the stack RH and voltage, and is capable of predicting localized voltage losses. This new modeling methodology shows the importance of a distributed understanding of the RH profile, and provides a tool to create control algorithms for PEM fuel cells that consider the health of all the sections of the stack.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Enhanced mitochondrial functions during heptatocarcinogenesis.

SummaryHepatic mitochondrial functional activities, as determined by ADP/O, respiratory control ratio, and phosphorylation rate with glutamate as substrate, were augmented in male Fischer rats between 22-32 weeks following ingestion of the carcinogen, 2-N-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA). Histologically, the livers from the carcinogen-fed group all contained hyperplastic nodules characteristic of areas of regeneration; and hepatomas were found in one animal in each of the three periods studied. Previously, increased mitochondrial activities of this type were reported for animals treated with the hepatotoxins, hydrazine and ethanol, as well as during regeneration following partial hepatectomy. This stage of hepatocarcinogenesis following the long-term feeding of 2-FAA represents an additional instance wherein these mitochondrial functional activities were elevated coincident with significant liver damage. In this case, enhanced mitochondrial activities might be an expression of the presence of the hyperplastic n...
How can I help my patient stop drinking

There is no harder task than trying to help a patient who denies having a problem. Self-delusion and denial are key elements of alcoholism. Alcoholics may delude themselves into thinking that they are not drinking too much or that they can control their drinking.
Future Technological Options for the United States Electric Power Industry

This chapter discusses the future technological options for the U.S. electric power industry. The three types of potentially usable geothermal resources are dry steam deposits, hot water, or hydrothermal and hot-rock systems. The steam resources of the United States appear to be quite limited. This is the type of geothermal energy used in California at The Geysers, an area producing 500 MWe. The Geysers represents the total U.S. geothermal generating capacity. Here the geothermal steam is used directly to power turbines. The steam is then vented to the air that releases quantities of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and radon. The high concentration of dissolved minerals in the steam causes corrosion problems for pipes, valves, and the turbine. Geothermal hot water contains even more corrosive material than dry steam. The use of a second fluid to power the generating system would increase the cost of the system.
Coping Self-Efficacy and Academic Stress Among Hispanic First-Year College Students: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence

In this study, the authors examined the role that emotional intelligence plays in moderating the relationship between academic stress and coping self-efficacy among a sample of 125 Hispanic 1st-year college students enrolled at a medium-size, southern Hispanic-serving institution. Results of a 2-stage hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that emotional intelligence was a significant moderator in the relationship for the students surveyed. Implications for counseling Hispanic 1st-year college students and directions for future research are suggested.
Scalable Storage for Data-Intensive Computing

Persistent storage is a fundamental abstraction in computing. It consists of a named set of data items that come into existence through explicit creation, persist through temporary failures of the system, until they are explicitly deleted. Sharing of data in distributed systems has become pervasive as these systems have grown in scale in terms of number of machines and the amount of data stored. The phenomenal growth of web services in the past decade has resulted in many Internet companies needing to perform large scale data analysis such as indexing the contents of the billions of websites or analyzing terabytes of traffic logs to mine usage patterns. A study into the economics of distributed computing [1] published in 2008, revealed that the cost of transferring data across the network is relatively high. Hence moving computation near the data is a more efficient computing model and several large scale, data-intensive application frameworks [2, 3] exemplify this model.
Identification of Symmetrical Structures with Fabrication and Damage Induced Asymmetry

Experimental vibration testing is a common technique employed to identify modal frequencies, mode shapes, and at times, modal damping. The identified data can then be used for updating the structural dynamic models, e.g. those obtained by using approaches like the finite element method. It can also be used to identify any damage in the structure. For many symmetric structures like buildings, large shells such as cooling towers, bridges, and aircraft, conventional flexible modes are often separated into symmetric and anti-symmetric modes. This leads to significant reduction in computing both the natural modes and frequencies, and the resulting dynamic responses. However, in practice, during fabrication and manufacturing of these structures, or due to damage during their operation, it is often observed that the structure can develop significant asymmetry. As a result, for real structures, the often assumed separation into symmetric and antisymmetric modes no longer holds. The modes start to possess both symmetric and antisymmetric components in the same mode, which then poses a significant challenge for both modal identification and FEM modeling. Furthermore, it can significantly change the dynamic response of structures. This paper describes the process of ground vibration test, modal identification and FEM modeling for an asymmetrical aircraft. Details of the best practices for incorporating the asymmetry during the model updating process is discussed and the results of the GVT and FEM updating procedure for the aircraft are described. The FEM update procedure successfully identifies the source of the asymmetry. The suitability of the FEM update procedure for characterizing the source of asymmetry is discussed.
Do journals signal or reflect? An alternative perspective on editorial board composition

Abstract This commentary presents an alternative to the signaling perspective on editorial board composition set forth by Endenich and Trapp (2018) . Under this alternative, editorial boards do not so much signal editorial preferences as they reflect the preferences indicated by submissions entrusted to the journal. This alternative complicates the goal of enhancing scholarly diversity, even for editors who share this goal. The commentary closes with a call for more effective communication as the key to real progress in building bridges between different traditions of accounting research.
Assessment and Revision of the MOSCED Parameters for Water: Application to Limiting Activity Coefficients and Binary Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium

Modified Separation of Cohesive Energy Density (MOSCED) is an attractive method for modeling phase-equilibria because it both can make quantitative predictions and give insight into the system’s underlying molecular-level interactions. While MOSCED predicts satisfactory values of limiting activity coefficients of organics in water, we find that predicted limiting activity coefficients for water (here the solute) in organic solvents shows a much greater disparity with reference data. Moreover, the error is systematic and increases as the value of the limiting activity coefficient increases. After detailed assessment of the MOSCED parameters for water, we find this is not a limitation of the model but results from how the parameters were regressed. As a consequence, in the present study we reregress MOSCED parameters for water which greatly improves the accuracy with which MOSCED may predict limiting activity coefficients of water in organic solvents, with the average absolute error decreasing from 3056.2% ...
Bladder-sphincter biofeedback as treatment of detrusor instability in women who failed to respond to oxybutynin.

BACKGROUND This study was designed to determine the efficacy of bladder-sphincter-biofeedback as a secondary treatment for those women with detrusor instability who failed to respond to oxybutynin chloride. METHODS In a prospective non-randomized trial, 31 of 70 women with detrusor instability were assigned to either the study bladder-sphincter-biofeedback training group (n = 16) or to the control pelvic floor exercise group (n = 15) after they had failed to respond to oxybutynin chloride. RESULTS Thirty (43%) of the 70 women were cured by oxybutynin chloride, and 9 (13%) withdrew due to various side effects. A comparison of cure rates between biofeedback training and pelvic floor exercise groups demonstrated that there were significant differences in objective changes: detrusor pressure (68.75% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), compliance (75.0% vs. 6.67%, p < 0.001), and resting maximal urethral closure pressure (43.75% vs. 6.67%, p < 0.037). Neither the cure rate nor improvement rate of subjective changes (urgency, and frequency and episodes of urge incontinence), significantly differed. CONCLUSION Oxybutynin chloride was not well tolerated while bladder-sphincter-biofeedback was well accepted. As a secondary treatment, it appears better than pelvic floor exercise alone and may be the choice of non-surgical treatment in those women who failed to respond to oxybutynin chloride for detrusor instability.
Monocyte and Macrophage Dynamics in the Cardiovascular System: JACC Macrophage in CVD Series (Part 3)

Abstract It has long been recognized that the bone marrow is the primary site of origin for circulating monocytes that may later become macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. However, only in recent times has the complex relationship among the bone marrow, monocytes/macrophages, and atherosclerotic plaques begun to be understood. Moreover, the systemic nature of these interactions, which also involves additional compartments such as extramedullary hematopoietic sites (i.e., spleen), is only just becoming apparent. In parallel, progressive advances in imaging and cell labeling techniques have opened new opportunities for in vivo imaging of monocyte/macrophage trafficking in atherosclerotic lesions and at the systemic level. In this Part 3 of a 4-part review series covering the macrophage in cardiovascular disease, the authors intersect systemic biology with advanced imaging techniques to explore monocyte and macrophage dynamics in the cardiovascular system, with an emphasis on how events at the systemic level might affect local atherosclerotic plaque biology.
Global climate change and mental health

Although several empirical studies and systematic reviews have documented the mental health impacts of global climate change, the range of impacts has not been well understood. This review examines mental health impacts of three types of climate-related events: (1) acute events such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires; (2) subacute or long-term changes such as drought and heat stress; and (3) the existential threat of long-lasting changes, including higher temperatures, rising sea levels and a permanently altered and potentially uninhabitable physical environment. The impacts represent both direct (i.e. heat stress) and indirect (i.e. economic loss, threats to health and well-being, displacement and forced migration, collective violence and civil conflict, and alienation from a degraded environment) consequences of global climate change.
Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell phase in the superconductor ( TMTSF ) 2 ClO 4 : Theory versus experiment

We consider a formation of the Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell (LOFF) phase in a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) conductor in a magnetic field, parallel to its conducting chains, where we take into account both the paramagnetic spin splitting and orbital destructive effects against superconductivity. We show that, due to a relative weakness of the orbital effects in a Q1D case, the LOFF phase appears in ${(\text{TMTSF})}_{2}{\text{ClO}}_{4}$ superconductor for real values of its Q1D band parameters. We compare our theoretical calculations with the recent experimental data by Y. Maeno's group [S. Yonezawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 117002 (2008)] and show that there is a good qualitative and quantitative agreement between the theory and experimental data.
Where Were the Women? Gender Parity in Clinical Trials

Where Were the Women? On October 3, the FDA approved coformulated tenofovir alafenamide and emtricitabine (F/TAF) for HIV prevention in at-risk “adults and adolescents…excluding those who have rece...
Interpreting Scientific Images: Aesthetic Considerations at Work

In this paper, the close interplay between aesthetic and cognitive considerations in scientific imaging (particular in different kinds of microscopy) is examined and highlighted. Both in the process of construction and in the interpretation of scientific images, one finds a central role for aesthetic considerations. These considerations are crucial to shape the informational content of the resulting images. It is argued that, rather than detracting from the cognitive role scientific images play, the presence of aesthetic considerations is decisive to make these images what they are.
The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis.

The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), vectors the fungus Geosmithia morbida, which has been implicated in thousand cankers disease of walnut. Little is known about the flight behavior of the insect across seasons, or about the variability in its flight patterns with weekly fluctuations in weather. We sampled flying adults weekly over a 142-week period (from 29 August, 2011 to 2 June, 2014) with 12-unit black plastic multiple funnel traps baited with a male-produced aggregation pheromone in California, USA. Up to 5000 beetles were captured per trap per week, although catches in most weeks were less than 100 insects. Trap catches were regressed against terms for precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and trap catches in preceding weeks. The number of beetles captured in each of the preceding two weeks explained most variation in a current week’s catch. This strong temporal autocorrelation was present in regression models developed for males, females, and both sexes pooled. These models were improved by including two environmental variables. Captures of P. juglandis increased with mean weekly air temperature and decreased with increasing mean minimum relative humidity. The percentage of variation in male, female, or total trap catch explained by the temporal variables and the two environmental variables in these multiple regression models ranged from 72% to 76%. While the flight of this invasive insect will likely be affected by site-specific factors as it spreads to new areas, the strong temporal correlation present in this system may provide a useful starting point for developing flight models for newly invaded areas.
Preoperative Diuretic Resistance and Risk of Right Heart Failure (RHF) Post-LVAD Implantation

Purpose Early, severe RHF remains prevalent in up to 30% of patients undergoing LVAD surgery. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between baseline diuretic requirement, diuretic efficiency and the risk of post-operative RHF. Methods 24-hour diuretic dose and urine output were collected within 72 hours of LVAD surgery. Total daily diuretic dose was grouped into low (≤ 80mg), medium (81mg-479mg) and high (≥ 480mg) dose groups. The primary outcome variable was early, severe RHF, defined as the composite of RVAD implant, prolonged inotropic use (≥ 14 days) or death during index stay. Secondary outcomes included the primary component variables, post-implant ICU and hospital lengths of stay (LOS), and 12-month mortality. Results 147 patients were included: mean age 57.1 ± 11.1 years, 17.0% were female. Average 24h diuretic across the population was 371.0 ± 433.7 mg IV furosemide equivalent, while average diuretic efficiency was 846.9 ± 1099.7 mL per 40mg furosemide. Serum creatinine and BUN were highest in the high dose group, while sodium was lowest in this group (Table). There was a graded risk for RHF across dosing groups, with the high dose group having the highest risk of RHF (62%). No patients in the low dose group required an RVAD, compared to 14% in the high dose group (Table). Prolonged inotrope utilization was also higher in the medium and high dose groups. Average ICU and post-operative LOS were shortest in the low dose group. Utilizing tertiles of diuretic efficiency as the exposure variable resulted in analogous findings. 12-month survival for patients in the lose dose group was 90.2%, compared to 80.4% in the medium, and 86% in the high dose groups (p=0.39). Conclusion Higher diuretic requirement suggests clinically significant right ventricular dysfunction and can assist in preoperative risk profiling of RHF in LVAD candidates.
Variance of Some Selected Attributes in Granitic Rocks

The use of a single statistical model for different geologic situations is commonly complicated by considerable variance of the investigated attributes. Two granitic massifs, similar in chemical composition and specific gravity, have been compared. Variance of the investigated attributes is found to differ for the two granitic rocks. The attributes determining the larger part of the variance also differ. It becomes necessary to obtain more specialized models of the geologic processes, but these may be developed by petrographers only from proper investigations.
Как Разрушив Современную Военную Юстицию, Восстановить Потенциал Сдерживания Армии (How to Scrap Modern Military Justice to Restore Army's Deterrence Capacity)

Russian Abstract: Современная военная юстиция уничтожает стимулы солдат и офицеров защищать свои народы, наказывая лучших и наиболее успешных офицеров за "избыточное" или "непропорциональное" применение силы и нарушение искусственных норм основанных на искусственной морали. Армия со связанными такой юстицией руками не может победоносно завершить борьбу с террором. Защитить свой народ и освободить народы ставшие заложниками террористов. Конференция организованная "Шурат аДин" поставила ряд ключевых проблем создаваемых действующими нормами военной юстиции и представила материал для нахождения решений. В наших комментариях мы постарались оформить такие рекомендации, а также поставить ряд дополнительных проблем требующих решения для того, чтобы сдерживающий потенциал армий демократических стран был полностью восстановлен. English Abstract: Modern military Justice punishes officers and soldiers of democratic nations' armies for their military success. "Excessive use of force" and similar artificial judicial constructions undermine incentives of army officers, making the military machine virtually inoperative. Artificially abridged Army capability prevents any opportunities to win the fight against terror, to defend democratic nations and to break trap of violent dictatorship or warlords brutality for peoples of rogue/failed states. Shurat a Din conference "To the new Law of War" addressed the issues such as human shields, proportionality, fighting in civilian areas, defining war crimes in attempt to propose solution of the problem, to restore Democratic nations' ability to defend themselves against Islamic terrorism. Our comments are based on our extensive research program on the issues of Governments' failures to provide sustainable defense for the people. The comments focused on the most obvious practical conclusions and recommendations based on the conference materials. The comments also raise some additional problems to be solved in order to restore our Armies' deterrence capacities.
Mutuality Rhetorics and Feminist Interpretation: Examining Philippians and Arguing for our Lives

Typically, when scholars have sought to identify Pauline ethics about sexuality, they have turned primarily to letters such as Romans and 1 Corinthians. The Pauline corpus in general has proven to be troubling, though, especially when approached as a source for a feminist, liberating, or progressive sexual ethic. Such a feminist sexual ethic would include, among other things, moving towards founding relationships based on mutuality, respect and consent. Given this dynamic in Pauline interpretation and feminist ethics, this paper proceeds differently in three ways. First, it examines the argumentation of a Pauline letter normally left out of the conversation, Philippians, a text that might especially be relevant given its rhetorics of mutuality. Though the letter does not seem to refer to certain ‘bedroom acts,’ it does argue rather strenuously for a certain view of communal identity and behaviour. This is relevant for our task in a second way since holistic considerations of sexuality assume that it is expressed by and through our whole selves. That is, sexuality is not divorced from our everyday lives ‘in the world,’ but is integrated into how we act in community and relationship. Third, rather than placing Paul at the centre of this study as a source for sexual ethics, it argues that the act of interpretation itself can be a resource for our political-ethical struggles. This paper seeks, then, to critically examine these rhetorics of mutuality as a contribution to the project of building and expanding a vital feminist ethic of sexuality. The test for such a contribution involves assessing mutuality rhetorics in current arguments about gender and sexuality.
Ventricular reservoirs and ventriculoperitoneal shunts for premature infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus: an institutional experience.

Object The aim of the study was to analyze the outcome of surgical treatment for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants. Methods From 1990 to 2006, 32 premature infants underwent surgical treatment for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and their charts were retrospectively reviewed to analyze the complications and outcome with respect to shunt revisions. Multivariate analysis and time series were used to identify factors that influence the outcome in terms of shunt revisions. Results The mean gestational age was 27 ± 3.3 weeks, and mean birth weight was 1192 ± 660 g. Temporary reservoir placement was performed in 15 patients, while 17 underwent permanent CSF diversion with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. In 2 patients, reservoir tapping alone was sufficient to halt the progression of hydrocephalus; 29 patients received VP shunts. The mean follow-up period was 37.3 months. The neonates who received VP shunts first were significantly older (p = 0.02) and heavier (p = 0.04) than those who initial...
Study On Relationships Between Financial Markets In The US And ASEAN Countries

This study examines dynamics of inter-market relationships among financial markets in the US and 5 ASEAN countries in the framework of the Vector Autoregressive model. This study uses daily returns of the MSCI market indexes around the Asian economic crisis for a period of 1992~2006 and three 3 sub-periods (pre-, during-, and post-crisis). The major findings are: 1) the U.S. influence remained strong in ASEAN markets for this period, 2) ASEAN markets had little impacts on the U.S. markets; and 3) the integration between the U.S. and ASEAN markets and among ASEAN markets had not increased during this period. Thus, there still exist much diversification benefits to be exploited in ASEAN markets.
Chapter 8 - Dynamics of Muonium Diffusion, Site Changes, and Charge-State Transitions

This chapter discusses the dynamics of muonium (Mu) diffusion, site changes, and charge-state transitions. Mu is formed when positive muons are implanted into a target material—for example, a semiconductor. The states formed by the implanted muons are investigated in the chapter along with their static properties. Because of the large mass difference, quantum effects—such as zero-point energy and tunneling—can be much more important for Mu than for isolated hydrogen (H). The Mu charge-cycle results are relevant to H motion and suggest that diffusion could occur as repeatedly interrupted motion even without formation and dissociation of an H-impurity complex. The interstitial location of isolated H and its diffusive properties are directly related to its charge state. The reactivity of H with other impurities is significantly impacted by charge states and diffusive motion. The results for Mu transition dynamics apply qualitatively to the analogous isolated H impurities; thus, the experiments presented in the chapter yield information on hydrogen states that are extremely difficult to directly investigate.
Flying Laser Spot Thermal Wave IR Imaging

In a previous report, some of the authors have described the basic experimental technique for flying laser spot thermal wave IR imaging, and demonstrated its potential usefulness for the detection of closed vertical cracks [11. The objective of the present work is to provide a theoretical description of the temperature distribution from a Gaussian-shaped surface heat spot, scanned at constant speed, and to compare the predictions of that theoretical description with temperature distributions measured experimentally with our thermal wave flying spot imaging system.
Teaching NeuroImages: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson in Sturge-Weber syndrome.

A 13-year-old boy with long-standing seizures presented with a port wine stain involving the left V1 trigeminal distribution, right hemiparesis, and left-sided glaucoma. MRI showed typical manifestations of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) with cerebral atrophy and extensive pial angiomatosis1 (figure). Images also demonstrated findings of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) with compensatory calvarial expansion as a consequence of long-standing cerebral hemiatrophy.2 DDMS usually results from early insults to the developing brain. Symptoms reflect the underlying injury and include seizures, mental retardation, hemiparesis, and facial asymmetry. Seizure management in SWS is challenging and may include medical therapy or surgery in refractory cases.
A Review of “The Allure of Order: High Hopes, Dashed Expectations, and the Troubled Quest to Remake American Education (Studies in Postwar American Political Development)”

Thirty years after the A Nation at Risk (1983) report, and as the United States approaches the No Child Left Behind Act's (NCLB) 2014 deadline for student proficiency in mathematics and English, st...
Voice Interactive Electronic Warning System (VIEWS) - An Applied Approach to Voice Technology in the Helicopter Cockpit

The cockpit has been one of the most rapidly changing areas of new aircraft design over the past thirty years. In connection with these developments, a pilot can now be considered a decision maker/system manager as well as a vehicle controller. There is, however, a trend towards an information overload in the cockpit, and information processing problems begin to occur for the rotorcraft pilot. One approach to overcome the arising difficulties is based on the utilization of voice technology to improve the information transfer rate in the cockpit with respect to both input and output. Attention is given to the background of speech technology, the application of speech technology within the cockpit, voice interactive electronic warning system (VIEWS) simulation, and methodology. Information subsystems are considered along with a dynamic simulation study, and data collection.
Designing parallel hybrid electric vehicles using V-ELPH 2.01

The complexity and cost involved in the design and development of new vehicles such as energy and price efficient hybrid electric and electric vehicles is high. Computer modeling and simulation can be used to reduce the expense and length of the design cycle of these vehicles by testing configurations and energy management strategies before prototype construction begins. The HEV research group in Texas A&M University has developed a computer simulation tool, V-ELPH, to facilitate the design and analysis of electric and hybrid vehicles. This paper presents various features of this package and demonstrates its capabilities while describing the design methodology in developing a parallel hybrid. In this paper a design example for a parallel hybrid family sedan is discussed in detail, from design specifications to complete design, using V-ELPH 2.01 with supporting illustrative graphs.