cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Administration of tamoxifen but not flutamide to hormonally intact, adult male rats mimics the effects of short-term gonadectomy on the catecholamine innervation of the cerebral cortex.

Gonadectomy in adult male rats induces a series of changes in cortical catecholamine innervation that begins with a large, but transient decrease in the density of tyrosine hydroxylase- but not dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive axons in sensory, motor, and association cortices. More recent studies have shown that estradiol maintains these presumed dopamine afferents but that supplementing acutely gonadectomized rats with dihydrotestosterone provides no protective effects for innervation. These findings suggest that the depression of mesocortical dopamine axons that follows gonadectomy is stimulated by changes in estrogen signaling. The studies presented here examined tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase innervation in hormonally intact adult male rats treated for 4 days with the nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen or with the nonsteroidal antiandrogen flutamide to probe for additional evidence for this selective hormone sensitivity and for insights into the intracellular mechanisms that may govern it. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of innervation with corresponding data from control and acutely gonadectomized rats revealed that administration of the antiestrogen tamoxifen in hormonally intact rats produced deficits in catecholamine innervation that mirrored those induced by short-term gonadectomy. The antiandrogen flutamide, however, had no discernible impact on cortical afferents. When considered within the context of the known pharmacology and sites of action of tamoxifen, these findings not only provide additional support for an initial phase of selective estrogen sensitivity among the cortical catecholamines but also suggest that it is stimulation of intracellular estrogen receptors that confers this sensitivity in the adult rat cerebrum.
Dermatorrhexis (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)

Summary A case of dermatorrhexis or rupture of the skin is reported in a boy aged 7 1/2 years. This case possessed all the features of the complete syndrome: hyperelasticity of the skin, looseness or hyperlaxity of the joints, dermatorrhexis or pronounced fragility of the skin and its blood vessels, the presence in certain locations of raisinlike molluscoid swellings, and finally, freely movable subcutaneous nodules. The important findings of the biopsy consisted of the thin epidermis, and the replacement of collagen in the corium by dense elastic tissue. While nonspecific in nature, supportive treatment has thus far been effective in reducing the number of skin injuries.
Comparative Genomics Reveals Long, Evolutionarily Conserved, Low-Complexity Islands in Yeast Proteins

Eukaryotic proteomes abound in low-complexity sequences, including tandem repeats and regions with significantly biased amino acid compositions. We assessed the functional importance of compositionally biased sequences in the yeast proteome using an evolutionary analysis of 2838 orthologous open reading frame (ORF) families from three Saccharomyces species (S. cerevisiae, S. bayanus, and S. paradoxus). Sequence conservation was measured by the amino acid sequence variability and by the ratio of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous nucleotide substitutions (K a /K s ) between pairs of orthologous ORFs. A total of 1033 ORF families contained one or more long (at least 45 residues), low-complexity islands as defined by a measure based on the Shannon information index. Low-complexity islands were generally less conserved than ORFs as a whole; on average they were 50% more variable in amino acid sequences and 50% higher in K a /K s ratios. Fast-evolving low-complexity sequences outnumbered conserved low-complexity sequences by a ratio of 10 to 1. Sequence differences between orthologous ORFs fit well to a selectively neutral Poisson model of sequence divergence. We therefore used the Poisson model to identify conserved low-complexity sequences. ORFs containing the 33 most conserved low-complexity sequences were overrepresented by those encoding nucleic acid binding proteins, cytoskeleton components, and intracellular transporters. While a few conserved low-complexity islands were known functional domains (e.g., DNA/RNA-binding domains), most were uncharacterized. We discuss how comparative genomics of closely related species can be employed further to distinguish functionally important, shorter, low-complexity sequences from the vast majority of such sequences likely maintained by neutral processes.
Review and Outlook of HTS Cable Research

High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cable has the merits of high capacity, low line loss, narrow corridor, and environmental friendly, which has bright prospects for current tendency of accelerating development of renewable energy, shortage of available land, and awakening of environmental awareness. In the past decades, HTS cable technology made remarkable progress. Based on the past and current situation, the paper introduces the HTS materials for cable and presents the structures, classification, heat losses, and cryogenic method of HTS cable. Overview of HTS cable research in typical country is stated and representative HTS cable projects are listed. In the end, application outlook and development tendency of HTS cable in the future are made.
Systems theory for geospace plasma dynamics

[1] This is a tutorial review on systems theory and its applications to space plasma physics and, more broadly, on geophysics. With its basis on the state representation of a plasma the theory is widely applicable, but it is of particular interest for dynamical, nonlinear, or out-of-equilibrium regimes that cannot be represented by traditional microscopic modeling. Two distinct, but closely related, branches of the theory are applied when the plasma dynamics is traced to first principles and when it needs to be derived from experimental data. A framework of modeling methods is presented in order of increasing complexity: enumeration of the effective degrees of freedom, measurement of the linear dynamics and stability, and generalization to their nonlinear counterparts. The relation between symmetries in the plasma system and modes in its structure and response is discussed. Signal processing methods are presented, illustrated by examples, and their relative merits and limitations are discussed. The dynamical framework provides a new approach alongside the traditional perturbative and statistical-mechanical methodologies and is directly relevant to the development of space weather applications.
Reliability and Maintenance Modeling for Dependent Competing Failure Processes With Shifting Failure Thresholds

We present reliability and maintenance models for systems subject to multiple s-dependent competing failure processes with a changing, dependent failure threshold. In our model, two failure processes are considered: soft failure caused by continuous degradation together with additional abrupt degradation due to a shock process, and hard failure caused by the instantaneous stress from the same shock process. These two failure processes are correlated or s-dependent in two respects: 1) the arrival of each shock load affects both failure processes, and 2) the shock process impacts the hard failure threshold level. In previous research, the failure thresholds are fixed constants, which is appropriate for most design and reliability problems. However, the nature of the failure threshold has become a critical issue for certain classes of complex devices. When withstanding shocks, the system is deteriorating, and its resistance to failure is weakening. In this case, it becomes more sensitive to hard failure. In this paper, three cases of dependency between the shock process and the hard failure threshold level are studied. The first case is that the hard failure threshold value changes to a lower level when the first shock is recorded above a critical value, or a generalized extreme shock model. The second case is that the hard failure threshold value decreases to a lower level when the time lag between two sequential shocks is less than a threshold δ, or a generalized δ-shock model. The third case is that the hard failure threshold value reduces to a lower level right after m shocks whose magnitudes are larger than a critical value, or a generalized m-shock model. Based on degradation and random shock modeling, reliability models are developed for these two s-dependent failure processes with a shifting failure threshold. Two preventive maintenance policies are also applied and compared to decide which one is more beneficial. Then a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System example is given to demonstrate the reliability models and maintenance polices.
Organizational Conflict in Correctional Institutions.

(1983). Organizational Conflict in Correctional Institutions. Journal of Offender Counseling Services Rehabilitation: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 23-31.
Computational study of the pressure dependence of sequential auto-ignition for partial fuel stratification with gasoline

Abstract Fuel stratification is a potential strategy for reducing the maximum pressure rise rate in HCCI engines. Simulations of Partial Fuel Stratification (PFS) have been performed using CONVERGE with a 96-species reduced mechanism for a 4-component gasoline surrogate. Comparison is made to experimental data from the Sandia HCCI engine at a compression ratio 14:1 at intake pressures of 1 bar and 2 bar. Analysis of the heat release and temperature in the different equivalence ratio ( φ ) regions reveals that sequential auto-ignition of the stratified charge occurs in order of increasing φ for 1 bar intake pressure but in order of decreasing φ for 2 bar intake pressure. Increased low- and intermediate-temperature heat release at 2 bar intake pressure compensates for decreased temperatures in higher- φ regions due to evaporative cooling from the liquid fuel spray and decreased compression heating from lower values of the ratio of specific heats. At 1 bar intake pressure, the premixed portion of the charge auto-ignites before the highest- φ regions and the sequential auto-ignition occurs too fast for useful reduction of the maximum pressure rise rate compared to HCCI. Conversely, at 2 bar intake pressure, the premixed portion of the charge auto-ignites last, after the higher- φ regions. More importantly, the sequential auto-ignition occurs over a longer time period than at 1 bar intake pressure such that a sizable reduction in the maximum pressure rise rate compared to HCCI can be achieved.
BAPTA-calcium buffers modulate cell plate formation in stamen hairs of Tradescantia: evidence for calcium gradients.

Five BAPTA buffers with differential affinities for Ca2+ have been examined for their effects on cell plate formation in stamen hair cells ofTradescantia. The five include 5,5′-dimethyl BAPTA (Kd=0.15 μM), BAPTA (Kd=0.22 μM), 5,5′-dibromo BAPTA (Kd=1.5 μM), 5-methyl,5′-nitro BAPTA (Kd=22 μM), and 5-nitro BAPTA (Kd=40 μM). At a concentration of 5 mM and 25 mM in the pipette, the buffers were iontophoretically microinjected into dividing stamen hair cells (2 nA for 1 min) prior to or at the onset of cell plate formation. At the lowest concentration (5 mM), only one buffer, 5,5′-dibromo BAPTA, inhibits cell plate formation, and is most effective if delivered at the moment of cell plate vesicle aggregation. The inhibitory effects appear as a slowing of cell plate expansion, the formation of distorted plates, or the complete dissolution of plates that might have initiated normally. When the pipette tip concentration is elevated to 25 mM, the effects of 5,5′-dibromo BAPTA become more profound. At these levels 5,5′-dimethyl BAPTA, BAPTA, and 5-nitro BAPTA also modulate cell plate formation, producing effects similar to that of 5,5′-dibromo BAPTA at the lower concentration. Independent studies using fura-2 as a fluorescent analogue of the BAPTA buffers, indicate that the apparent effective concentration for 5,5′-dibromo BAPTA is between 1.0–1.4 mM; its threshold concentration is not known but expected to be somewhat lower. For the other buffers the threshold concentration is between 1.5–2.2 mM. The concentration dependence supports the idea that the buffers facilitate diffusion of Ca2+ away from regions of elevated concentration. The results thus provide evidence that local Ca2+ gradients may be present in the vicinity of the cell plate and that they participate in the cytokinetic process.
Design and operation of mid-IR integrated DBR tunable lasers

We report the fabrication and characterizations of integrated distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) thermally tunable buriedheterstructure (BH) quantum-cascade-lasers (QCLs) emitting at λ ~ 4.7 μm. We implemented a special device bonding technique utilizing two submount heatsinks that allow us to separately control the temperatures on the gain and DBR grating sections, respectively. With a thermoelectric (TE) cooler dedicated for the grating section, a tuning range of 65 nm, equivalently 29.831 cm -1 , was achieved while the gain section was maintained at 293K under pulsed mode operation. This corresponds to a tuning efficiency of 0.0325 nm/mA. We also established a 2D thermal model to simulate the temperature profiles and the heat flows within two sections as a function of TE cooler and gain-section temperatures. The thermal response time as the TE cooler temperature changed was also investigated.
Origin of the speech apparatus and its reconstruction in fossils

Abstract Renewed enthusiasm has produced provocative speculations in recent literature on the origin of speech. The purpose of the present investigation is to expose the adaptive renovations underlying the emergence of a “Vocal Tract” and from this to define its anatomical substrate which governs the biomechanics of speech production. The vocal tract is a double resonator tube coupled in series and composed of oral and pharyngeal cavities. Analysis is made of the crucial structural elements of this complex from detailed dissections in modern man and the study of modern and fossil hominid crania. The study focuses on relations of the skull base, jaw, hyoid bone and the contained tongue, pharynx and valvular devices, calling into question recent reconstructions built on classical Neanderthal skulls.
Reliability of the histopathologic diagnosis of keratinocyte carcinomas.

Objective We sought to determine the interobserver reliability of the histopathologic diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the setting of a Department of Veteran Affairs multicenter chemoprevention study. Methods Interobserver concordance was assessed by blinded review of histopathologic slides by study dermatopathologists. Results Overall interobserver agreement between the two dermatopathogists was κ = 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.69). The dermatopathologists' interobserver agreement was highest for basal cell carcinoma at κ = 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.91) and for a diagnostic category in the SCC-actinic keratosis spectrum at κ = 0.80 (95% CI 0.73-0.86). The largest disagreements between the two reference dermatopathologists were regarding the categories of invasive SCC at κ = 0.62 (95% CI 0.52-0.72), SCC in situ at κ = 0.42 (95% CI 0.29-0.56), and actinic keratosis at κ = 0.51 (95% CI 0.40-0.62). Agreement between the local pathologists and central reference dermatopathologists were similar to the agreement between the central dermatopathologists. The morphea subtype of basal cell carcinoma was the only reliably diagnosed subtype (κ = 0.79, 95% CI 0.51-1.00), and tumor depth was reliably measured. Limitations A limitation of this study was the use of only two reference dermatopathologists. Conclusion Because of the impact on physician decision making and patient care, researchers and clinicians need to be aware of reliability of histopathology results, particularly pertaining to the SCC and actinic keratosis spectrum.
Different nematocytes have different synapses in the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida (Cnidaria, Anthozoa).

Sea anemones feed by discharging nematocysts into their prey, but the pathway for control of nematocyst discharge is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural evidence of neuro-nematocyte synapses and to determine the types of synaptic vesicles present at different kinds of nematocyst-containing cells. The tip and middle of tentacles from small specimens of Aiptasia pallida were prepared for electron microscopy and serial micrographs were examined. We found clear vesicles in synapses on mastigophore-containing nematocytes and dense-cored vesicles in synapses on basitrich-containing nematocytes and on one cnidoblast with a developing nematocyst. In addition, we found reciprocal neuro-neuronal and sequential neuro-neuro-nematocyte synapses in which dense-cored vesicles were present. It was concluded that : (1) neuro-nematocyte synapses are present in sea anemones, (2) different kinds of synaptic vesicles are present at cells containing different types of nematocysts, (3) synapses are present on cnidoblasts before the developing nematocyst can be identified and these synapses may have a trophic influence on nematocyst differentiation, and (4) both reciprocal and sequential synapses are present at the nematocyte, suggesting a complex pathway for neural control of nematocyst discharge. J. Morphol. 238:53-62, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Discrepancy in resuscitation beliefs among physicians at various levels of training

Abstract Having previously described some of the attitudes of health care providers toward resuscitation for themselves, based on an individual's bellefs about the likelihood of success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the differences among attitudes of physicians at different levels of training have now been assessed. A multi-question survey was sent to medical students, house officers, and attending physicians at two university medical centers. Sociodemographic information, questions regarding bellefs about outcome after CPR, and personal desires were included. Respondents were asked to identify the clinical condition carrying the worst prognosis during cardiac arrest from among: metastatic cancer (MC), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), sepsis, and myocardial infarction (MI), and to specify their resuscitation desires should they be affected by these conditions. The preferences of each group regarding resuscitation given their least favored diagnosis were assessed using χ 2 analysis of trends for binomial proportions. Approximately 186 questionnaires were evaluated and consisted of 90 by medical students (MS), 67 by house officers (HOs), and 29 by attending physicians (APs). Resuscitation desires for each diagnosis were MC, 7 of 40; ESRD, 8 of 34; AIDS, 10 of 74; sepsis, 10 of 15; and MI, 20 of 23. χ 2 test for trend of desire to be resuscilated from the self-selected worst prognostic category by level of training demonstrated no significant decrease in desire to be resuscitated with increasing level of training. Physician's beliefs about CPR may be influenced by their experiences with particular patients and events. However, because physicians in training acquire more experience, they seem to be similarly inclined to desire resuscitation efforts for themselves, even if they were to acquire the disease that they consider to carry the worst prognosis.
The Relationship Between Big-Time College Football and State Appropriations for Higher Education

I investigate the relationship between big-time college football programs and state appropriations to public institutions of higher education. Estimation of a linear reduced form model of the determination of state appropriations to higher education, using a panel of financial, athletic, and state-specific economic data from 570 public institutions of higher education at the Baccalaureate level or higher from 1976-1996 shows that schools with Division I-A football programs receive about 6% more in state appropriations than schools that do not field a Division I-A football team. Institutions with successful football teams receive 3% to 8% increases in state appropriations the following year. Defeating an in-state rival in a prominent football game is also associated with an increased level of appropriation in the following year. These results support the predictions of the model of competition for political influence among pressure groups developed by Becker (1983) and suggest that the total economic benefit associated with big-time athletic programs may be larger than previously thought.
Parallel excitation in the human brain at 9.4 T counteracting k-space errors with RF pulse design.

Multidimensional spatially selective RF pulses have been proposed as a method to mitigate transmit B1 inhomogeneity in MR experiments. These RF pulses, however, have been considered impractical for many years because they typically require very long RF pulse durations. The recent development of parallel excitation techniques makes it possible to design multidimensional RF pulses that are short enough for use in actual experiments. However, hardware and experimental imperfections can still severely alter the excitation patterns obtained with these accelerated pulses. In this note, we report at 9.4 T on a human eight-channel transmit system, substantial improvements in 2D excitation pattern accuracy obtained when measuring k-space trajectories prior to parallel transmit RF pulse design (acceleration ×4). Excitation patterns based on numerical simulations closely reproducing the experimental conditions were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Disservice: A peer-to-peer disruption tolerant dissemination service

Tactical networking environments demand reliable, robust, and efficient approaches to disseminating information that are tolerant to unreliable and bandwidth-constrained networks. This paper describes DisService, an Agile Computing approach to information dissemination that opportunistically discovers and exploits excess communications, storage, and processing capacity in a distributed network to improve the performance of information dissemination. DisService is disruption tolerant and caches data throughout the network by replicating the data. Nodes subscribe to hierarchically organized groups. Information is published in the context of a group, and may also be tagged to differentiate between multiple types of data (e.g., blue-force tracking, sensor data, logistics, or other runtime information). Each node operates in a distributed, peer-to-peer manner while processing and communicating the published information and requested subscriptions from neighboring nodes. Information is disseminated using an efficient combination of push and pull, depending on the number of subscribers, the capacity of the network, the stability of nodes in the network, and the predicted information needs of users. Finally, DisService also supports efficient dissemination of large data by replicating and scattering fragments throughout the network. These features combine to realize an effective approach to information dissemination for tactical networks.
Three-tone characterization of high-linearity waveguide uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes

The IMD3 of waveguide UTC photodiodes are characterized using a three-tone technique that is independent of harmonics from the optical sources. At 1 GHz, an OIP3 of 46.2 dBm at 60 mA of photocurrent is measured.
Leaders and followers in adolescent close friendships: Susceptibility to peer influence as a predictor of risky behavior, friendship instability, and depression

Adolescents' susceptibility to peer influence was examined as a marker of difficulties in the general process of autonomy development that was likely to be related to deficits across multiple domains of psychosocial functioning. A laboratory-based assessment of susceptibility to peer influence in interactions with a close friend was developed and examined in relation to corollary reports obtained from adolescents, their mothers, and close peers at ages 13 and 14. As hypothesized, observed susceptibility to peer influence with a close friend predicted future responses to negative peer pressure, but it was also related to broader markers of problems in functioning, including decreases in popularity, and increasing levels of depressive symptoms, over time. Susceptibility to peer influence was also linked to higher concurrent levels of substance use, externalizing behavior, and sexual activity. Results are interpreted as reflecting the central role of establishing autonomy with peers in psychosocial development.
Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia in the Elderly

background Participation in leisure activities has been associated with a lower risk of dementia. It is unclear whether increased participation in leisure activities lowers the risk of dementia or participation in leisure activities declines during the preclinical phase of dementia. methods We examined the relation between leisure activities and the risk of dementia in a prospective cohort of 469 subjects older than 75 years of age who resided in the community and did not have dementia at base line. We examined the frequency of participation in leisure activities at enrollment and derived cognitive-activity and physical-activity scales in which the units of measure were activity-days per week. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to evaluate the risk of dementia according to the base-line level of participation in leisure activities, with adjustment for age, sex, educational level, presence or absence of chronic medical illnesses, and base-line cognitive status. results Over a median follow-up period of 5.1 years, dementia developed in 124 subjects (Alzheimer’s disease in 61 subjects, vascular dementia in 30, mixed dementia in 25, and other types of dementia in 8). Among leisure activities, reading, playing board games, playing musical instruments, and dancing were associated with a reduced risk of dementia. A one-point increment in the cognitive-activity score was significantly associated with a reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio, 0.93 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.90 to 0.97]), but a one-point increment in the physical-activity score was not (hazard ratio, 1.00). The association with the cognitive-activity score persisted after the exclusion of the subjects with possible preclinical dementia at base line. Results were similar for Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. In linear mixed models, increased participation in cognitive activities at base line was associated with reduced rates of decline in memory. conclusions Participation in leisure activities is associated with a reduced risk of dementia, even after adjustment for base-line cognitive status and after the exclusion of subjects with possible preclinical dementia. Controlled trials are needed to assess the protective effect of cognitive leisure activities on the risk of dementia.
Integrating Genetics and Social Science: Genetic Risk Scores

The sequencing of the human genome and the advent of low-cost genome-wide assays that generate millions of observations of individual genomes in a matter of hours constitute a disruptive innovation for social science. Many public use social science datasets have or will soon add genome-wide genetic data. With these new data come technical challenges, but also new possibilities. Among these, the lowest-hanging fruit and the most potentially disruptive to existing research programs is the ability to measure previously invisible contours of health and disease risk within populations. In this article, we outline why now is the time for social scientists to bring genetics into their research programs. We discuss how to select genetic variants to study. We explain how the polygenic architecture of complex traits and the low penetrance of individual genetic loci pose challenges to research integrating genetics and social science. We introduce genetic risk scores as a method of addressing these challenges and provide guidance on how genetic risk scores can be constructed. We conclude by outlining research questions that are ripe for social science inquiry.
Mechanisms of the Liebermann-Burchard and Zak color reactions for cholesterol.

Correlation of SO2 and Fe2+ measurements with new spectral data indicates that the Liebermann-Burchard (L-B) and Zak color reactions for cholesterol have similar oxidative mechanisms, each yielding, as oxidation products, a homologous series of conjugated cholestapolyenes. These studies further suggest that the colored species observed in these two systems are enylic carbonium ions formed by protonation of the parent polyenes. Thus, the red (λmax, 563 nm) product typically measured in the Zak reaction is evidently a cholestatetraenylic cation, and the blue-green product in the L-B reaction (λmax, near 620 nm) is evidently the pentaenylic cation. The effects of rate of carbonium ion formation and sulfuric acid concentration on sensitivity and color stability are discussed. A solvent extraction procedure is described for specifically converting cholesterol to 3,5-cholestadiene. Incorporating this step into the typical L-B method can increase the L-B sensitivity for cholesterol by several fold.
A Fundamental Polarity in Psychoanalysis: Implications for Personality Development, Psychopathology, and the Therapeutic Process

Interpersonal relatedness (attachment) and self-definition (separation) are fundamental psychological dimensions that are central to psychoanalytic thought, beginning with Freud, as well as in a wide range of nonpsychoanalytic formulations. These constructs provide a theoretical matrix that facilitates identifying continuities among personality development, variations in normal personality or character formation, concepts of psychopathology, and mechanisms of therapeutic action. The identification of these continuities enables us to consider many forms of psychopathology, not as diseases with assumed but as yet undocumented biological origins, but as distortions that derive from variations and disruptions of normal psychological development. Likewise, the identification of these continuities enables us to consider the relationship of mechanisms of therapeutic action to psychological development more generally. Validation of aspects of these formulations have been found in studies of depression and persona...
A Bose-Einstein condensate driven by a kicked rotor in a finite box

We study the effect of different heating rates on a dilute Bose gas confined in a quasi-1D finite, leaky box. An optical kicked rotor is used to transfer energy to the atoms while two repulsive optical beams are used to confine the atoms. The average energy of the atoms is localized after a large number of kicks and the system reaches a nonequilibrium steady state. A numerical simulation of the experimental data suggests that the localization is due to energetic atoms leaking over the barrier. Our data also indicates a correlation between collisions and the destruction of the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction.
Predicting thermal conductivity of nanomaterials by correlation weighting technological attributes codes

A number of characteristics that include atom compositions, conditions of synthesis and the features of nanomaterials related to their commercial manufacturing have been examined as possible descriptors of a given nanostructure. Using an optimization procedure linked to the Monte Carlo method the special correlation weights have been calculated for each descriptor. A new application of the correlation weights predictive model for the thermal conductivity of nanomaterials has been developed. Statistical characteristics of the model are as follows: n=43, r 2 =0.8687, s=5.14 W/m/K, F=271 (training set); n=15, r 2 =0.8598, s=4.91 W/m/K, F=80 (test set).
Crime Salience and Public Willingness to Pay for Child Saving and Juvenile Punishment

Public policy in the area of youth crime has periodically shifted back and forth between punishment and child saving. Generally, scholars believe that public opinion and youth justice policies are linked. It is also believed that crime salience—fear and perceived risk of victimization—is linked to public opinion about youth sanctions. To test these widely held beliefs, this study examines public opinion about youth justice policies by exploring the impact of crime salience on public support for child saving versus youth punishment. This study expands on prior literature by also considering the public’s willingness to pay (WTP) for the youth justice policies they prefer. Results indicate that fear increases punitiveness, WTP for youth justice policies generally, and, more specifically, the WTP for youth punishment. However, fear does not affect the public’s WTP for child saving. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Transgenically Expressed Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Efficiently Catalyzes Oxidation of Dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde and [omega]-Aminoaldehydes

Tobacco (Nicotianum tabacum L.) plants engineered to express a sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) cDNA acquired not only BADH activity, but also three other aldehyde dehydrogenase activities (those measured with 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde, 3-aminopropionaldehyde, and 4-aminobutyraldehyde, all of which are natural products). This shows that BADH is not, as believed up to now, a substrate-specific enzyme and that its role may not be limited to glycine betaine synthesis.
Cancer survival: Which low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is best?

19624 Background: The role of LMWH in cancer survival is controversial. There have been 6 randomized trials specifically evaluating cancer survival with LMWH. The objective of this study was to det...
Appendix II: List of MATLAB and SIMULINK Programs/Functions

This appendix contains sections titled: MATLAB Functions Used SIMULINK Function Blocks Used Library of MATLAB Script Files Library of SIMULINK Model Files Downloading the MATLAB Script and SIMULINK Model Files ]]>
The Eleventh Amendment and Bankruptcy Jurisdiction Over States

In 1996 the Supreme Court ruled, in Seminole Tribe, that Congress could not use its Article I powers to abrogate a state's sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment. Although Seminole Tribe was not a bankruptcy case, the opinion has implications for the Bankruptcy Code, implications that continue to develop up until this day. These are explored.
Dataset for phenotypic classification of genetic modifiers of smoothened and Hedgehog.

This data article includes supporting information for the research article entitled “The Small GTPase Rap1 is a Modulator of Hedgehog Signaling” [1]. Drosophila wing phenotypes induced by expression of a dominant negative Smoothened (Smo) mutant were cataloged into five distinct classes. Class distributions observed following expression of dominant negative Smo in control and sensitized backgrounds were quantified to serve as references for strength of phenotypic modification. Shifts in class distribution of Hedgehog (Hh) wing phenotypes resulting from introduction of loss-of-function alleles of select Ras family G protein genes and the Hh pathway regulators Fused and Suppressor of Fused are shown.
Evaluation of a Low-Cost Pneumatic Plantar Pressure Insole for Predicting Ground Contact Kinetics

Instrumented insoles could benefit locomotion research on healthy and clinical populations by providing data in natural settings outside of the laboratory. We designed a low-cost, instrumented insole with 8 pneumatic bladders to measure localized plantar pressure information. We collected gait data during treadmill walking at 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s and for sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks for 10 subjects. We estimated a common representation of ground kinetics (3-component force vector, 2-component center of pressure position vector, and a single-component torque vector) from the insole data. We trained an intertask neural network for each component of the kinetic data. For the walking tasks at 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s, the normalized root mean square error was between 3.1% and 12.9% and for the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks, the normalized root mean square error was between 3.3% and 21.3% Our findings suggest that the proposed low-cost, instrumented insoles could provide useful data about movement kinetics during real-world activities.
Tensile Properties of Sintered Ti Compacts by Metal Injection Molding Process

Tensile properties of sintered Ti compacts prepared by metal injection molding process were investigated. Powder materials used for this study were pure Ti powders, whose average particle sizes were 13μm and 23μm. After debinding, the green compacts were sintered at various temperatures for 7.2ks in vacuum (10-3Pa order). Then the green compacts were placed in a case with Al2O3 powders or BN powders to compare the oxygen contents in the sintered Ti.13μm powders enabled to sinter at lower temperature than 23μm powders, so the Ti compact sintered at 1298K had 0.2% offset yield stress of 485 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 101 GPa and tensile elongation of 18%. The tensile elongation was influenced by the oxygen content in sintered Ti. The oxygen content increased with sintering temperature when the green compacts were sintered in a case with Al2O3 powders. But, when BN powders were used instead of the Al2O3 powders, the oxygen content changed hardly by sintering temperature. Consequently the tensile elongation was improved drastically.
DETERMINATION OF RUTIN IN FLOS SOPHORAE AND FRUCTUS SOPHORAE BY HPCE

OBJECTIVE To develop an HPCE method for determining rutin in Flos Sophorae and Fructus Sophorae .METHODS The Measurements were carried out in a buffer solution containing 50 mmol·L -1 boric acid solution and 50 mmol·L -1 SDS(pH 8.0),at 20 kV running voltage applied to a 50 cm×50 μm capillary column.The detection wavelength was 260 nm.RESULTS The linear range of rutin is 0.016 to 0.750 mg·ml -1 , RSD was 2.49% to 2.76%.The recovery of rutin was 98.16% to 99.05%. CONCLUSION The method is simple,rapid,economic and accurate.
Postural sway in men and women during nauseogenic motion of the illuminated environment

We exposed standing men and women to motion relative to the illuminated environment in a moving room. During room motion, we measured the kinematics of standing body sway. Participants were instructed to discontinue immediately if they experienced any symptoms of motion sickness, however mild. For this reason, our analysis of body sway included only movement before the onset of motion sickness. We analyzed the spatial magnitude of postural sway in terms of the positional variability and mean velocity of the center of pressure. We analyzed the multifractality of postural sway in terms of the width of the multifractal spectrum and the degree of multiplicativity of center of pressure positions. Results revealed that postural sway differed between participants who later reported motion sickness and those who did not, replicating previous effects. In a novel effect, postural responses to motion of the illuminated environment differed between women and men. In addition, we identified statistically significant interactions that involved both Sex and motion sickness status. Effects were observed separately in the spatial magnitude and multifractality of sway. The results were consistent with the postural instability theory of motion sickness (Riccio and Stoffregen in Ecol Psychol 3:195–240, 1991) and suggest that Sex differences in motion sickness may be related to Sex differences in the control and stabilization of bodily activity.
Exercise-induced S-T segment alterations.

The S-T segment response remains the most important exercise variable. In this article, the four types of abnormalities that can occur are reviewed, and there is a discussion of the diagnosticity and predictive value for future coronary events when such abnormalities occur. Finally, there is a discussion of perhaps the most important use of exercise testing–estimating the extent of disease.
A Genetic Variation of SOD2 Does Not Determine Duration of Response to Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND Silencing SOD2 expression upregulates androgen receptor (AR) signaling and expression of SOD2 is downregulated in CRPC, compared with untreated tumors. The decreased SOD2 activity could lead to AR gain-of-function and the development of castration-resistance. METHODS We genotyped SOD2-rs4880 in a cohort of 753 prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) between 1996 and 2010. The rs4880 encodes Ala16Val in SOD2 and the Val variant has been demonstrated to be functionally less efficient than the Ala variant. We assessed the impact of SOD2-rs4880 variants on the time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) on ADT using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS Four hundred thirty-two out of 753 (57%) had metastases at the time of ADT initiation. Overall, median TTP on ADT was 18.4 (95%CI: 15.8, 20.9) months and median overall survival (OS) from ADT initiation was 6.3 (95%CI: 5.8, 6.8) years. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, there was no association between SOD-rs4880 and TTP or OS on ADT (P > 0.05). Results were similarly negative among patients with and without metastatic disease at ADT initiation. CONCLUSIONS Our result suggests that a functional genetic variant in SOD2 does not determine the efficacy of ADT for prostate cancer. It is possible that the drastic downregulation of SOD2 in advanced prostate cancer cells may have overridden any influence of the genetic variation of SOD2. This study suggests the need for careful consideration about timing if the application of SOD2 mimetics for prostate cancer therapy is considered. Prostate 76:1338-1341, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of neoadjuvant carboplatin/docetaxel chemotherapy in sporadic and BRCA-associated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

1022 Background: Recent studies demonstrate that addition of carboplatin to anthracycline/taxane chemotherapy improves pathological complete response (pCR) in TNBC. In vitro data exhibits synergy b...
Correlation for single phase liquid jet impingement with an angled confining wall for power electronics cooling

An apparatus was developed to measure the local surface temperature, local heat flux, and local heat transfer coefficient for a 3 × 3 array of circular, normal, single-phase liquid water jets impinging on a copper surface. The local thermal measurements were used to obtain the average Nusselt number for the central jet. An angled confining wall was used to manage the spent fluid by maintaining a consistent crossflow momentum ratio with downstream position, which prevents degradation in the thermal performance of downstream jets. A correlation describing the average Nusselt number as a function of jet Reynolds number, Prandtl number, confining wall angle, nozzle to plate spacing, and nozzle pitch for single phase circular water jets is presented.
Molecular Rotation and Spectroscopy

Gaseous molecules rotate with energies that are quantized. Treating this phenomenon by quantum mechanical methods leads to the rotational quantum number J , which can have values 0, 1, 2, … , with the rotational states being populated according to the distribution law. Transitions between rotational levels require very little energy and normally appear as absorptions in the far infrared or microwave region of the spectrum. More often studied is the transition between adjacent vibrational levels with the simultaneous changes in rotational energy levels. In this case, a spectrum is obtained in which there are two branches that represent all of the molecules changing rotational state, but with some increasing in rotational energy as others decrease in rotational energy. Analysis of such a spectrum makes possible the determination of the bond length of a diatomic molecule if the masses of the atoms are known.
Response Quality of Confidential and Complex Questions

This paper deals with the itme omission rate that is as­sociated with complex and confidential questions on mail surveys. The study finds that complex questions were not omitted more frequently than any other question. Confi.dential questions were found to be omitted more frequently.
Setting the Agenda for Federal Agencies: Rulemaking Petitions at the FCC

ABSTRACTA consideration of rulemaking petitions to the Federal Communication Commission takes advantage of a highly formalized process to help systematically examine the influence that regulated parties have on agenda formation. Since the 1960s, submissions of petitions for rulemaking to the FCC have generated an increasingly large share of the agency's entire rulemaking agenda, and success for petitions is clearly greater for powerful organized interests. But an analysis of the 237 petitions for rulemaking at the FCC demonstrates that powerful interests are limited in their ability to control the agency's agenda. For example, efforts to divert the agency's attention by submitting comments opposing petitions are, at best, inconsequential and may be counterproductive. In addition, the most powerful organized interests who submit petitions for rulemaking at the FCC experience less success when confronting a more liberal commission majority.
Abstract TP58: A Comparison of Automated and Manual Volumetric Analysis of CT Perfusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background: Manual volumetric analysis of CT perfusion (CTP) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients using the OsiriX software is an established and accurate technique. Hypothesis: Automated software will produce accurate measurements compared to manual volumetric measurements. Methods: We reviewed 120 inpatients from 2010-2014 with AIS and a CTP from the acute setting. We used the automated Olea Sphere software to generate perfusion maps with oscillation index singular value decomposition (oSVD) and Bayesian probabilistic deconvolution. We used the manual OsiriX software to draw regions-of-interest delineating the stroke core on cerebral blood volume (CBV) and penumbra on cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps of the original CTP. For Bayesian analysis we defined stroke core as relative CBF2 seconds, and penumbra as relative mean transit time >135%. For oSVD we defined stroke core as relative CBF2 seconds, and penumbra as absolute Tmax >6 seconds. We compared techniques with a Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. Results: Both automated techniques had excellent correlation and agreement with the manual measurements (Table 1), but Bayesian deconvolution yielded superior agreement for CBV (Figure 1). Conclusion: Automated CTP volumetric analysis in AIS patients is reliable and accurate. Bayesian deconvolution has superior agreement with manual measurements of stroke core. Automated volumetric methods have an inherent appeal in the acute stroke setting given their efficiency.
Snap deconvolution: An informatics approach to high-throughput discovery of catalytic reactions

We present an approach to multidimensional high-throughput discovery of catalytic coupling reactions that integrates molecular design with automated analysis and interpretation of mass spectral data. We simultaneously assessed the reactivity of three pools of compounds that shared the same functional groups (halides, boronic acids, alkenes, and alkynes, among other groups) but carried inactive substituents having specifically designed differences in masses. The substituents were chosen such that the products from any class of reaction in multiple reaction sets would have unique differences in masses, thus allowing simultaneous identification of the products of all transformations in a set of reactants. In this way, we easily distinguished the products of new reactions from noise and known couplings. Using this method, we discovered an alkyne hydroallylation and a nickel-catalyzed variant of alkyne diarylation.