cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed market clearing with wind generation and large-scale dispatchable loads

Risk-cognizant power dispatch techniques are urgently needed towards achieving the goal of high-penetration renewables in the future power smart grids. In this paper, day-ahead stochastic market clearing based on the DC optimal power flow (OPF) model is pursued accounting for the stochastic availability of renewables. The objective is to minimize the grid-wide total cost which consists of the conventional generation cost, the end-users' utility, as well as the energy transaction cost utilizing the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). The proposed CVaR-based transaction cost serves as a smart regularizer to mitigate the potentially high risk of inadequate wind power. The sample average approximation method is introduced to bypass the prohibitive high-dimensional integral in the resulting optimization problem. Furthermore, to address the challenges of respecting end-users' privacy and the computational complexity incurred by large-scale dispatchable loads, a fast ADMM-based solver is developed with guaranteed convergence. Numerical results are reported to corroborate the merits of the novel framework and the proposed approaches.
A simple preparation method for mouse eosinophils and their responses to anti-allergic drugs.

A simple method for preparing mouse eosinophils was established, and the characteristics of the eosinophils were assessed including their responses to anti-allergic drugs. Mouse eosinophils were prepared from peritoneal exudate cells of BALB/c mice primed and boosted with antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Surface phenotypes, migration activities and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) production abilities of these eosinophils were examined. In addition, the effects of anti-allergic drugs, oxatomide and tranilast, on generation of LTC4 from mouse eosinophils were examined. Eosinophils of mice boosted with OVA were phenotypically and functionally identical with human eosinophils. Around 1 × 107 eosinophils were obtained from mouse peritoneal exudate. It was found that these mouse eosinophils enabled to migrate in response to eotaxin as well as platelet-activating factor (PAF), and generated LTC4 by IL-5 stimulation. Moreover, it was revealed that clinically used anti-allergic drugs inhibited LTC4-production dose-dependently. The present study provides a convenient method to obtain fully functional mouse eosinophils that are useful for drug screening and for evaluating implications of eosinophils in allergic responses.
The presence of the antilingula and its relationship to the true lingula

20 cadaver mandibles were studied for the presence of an antilingula and its relationship to the true lingula and mandibular foramen. Three independent observers evaluated the mandibles for the presence of an antilingula. It could be identified on all 40 sides. On 9 of the sides, there was complete concordance on the position of the antilingula between the three observers. On the other 31 sides, however, there was a variation between observers of up to 11 mm. In only 43% of the cases was the antilingula within 5 mm of the true lingula. In most cases, the true lingula was postero-inferior to the antilingula. There was a negative horizontal and positive vertical correlation between the position of the antilingula on one side and its position on the contralateral side.
G Protein β1γ2 Subunits Promote Microtubule Assembly

α and βγ subunits of G proteins are thought to transduce signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular effector molecules. Gα and Gβγ have also been implicated in cell growth and differentiation, perhaps due to their association with cytoskeletal components. In this report Gβγ is shown to modulate the cytoskeleton by regulation of microtubule assembly. Specificity among βγ species exists, as β1γ2 stimulates microtubule assembly, and β1γ1 is without any effect. Furthermore, a mutant β1γ2, β1γ2(C68S), which does not undergo prenylation and subsequent carboxyl-terminal processing on the γ subunit, does not stimulate the formation of microtubules. β immunoreactivity was detected exclusively in the microtubule fraction after assembly in the presence of β1γ2, suggesting a preferential association with microtubules rather than soluble tubulin. Crude microtubule fractions from ovine brain contain Gβγ, and electron microscopy reveals a specific association with microtubules. The decoration of microtubules by Gβγ appears to be strikingly similar to the periodic pattern observed for microtubule-associated proteins, suggesting a similar site of activation of microtubule assembly by both agents. It is suggested that reformation of the cytoskeleton represents an additional cellular process mediated by Gβγ.
Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Salpingectomy in Isthmic and Ampullary Ectopic Pregnancy: Preliminary Report and Technique

This prospective cohort study reports our initial experience with laparoscopic surgery in ectopic pregnancy performed exclusively through an umbilical incision using a single 3-channel port. Since September 2009, we have performed single-port laparoscopic surgery in 11 patients with ectopic pregnancy. In all 11 patients, laparoendoscopic single-site salpingectomy was completed successfully without conversion to a standard laparoscopic approach or to laparotomy. The median (range) operative time was 35 (25-65) minutes, operative blood loss was 30 (5-50) mL, and duration of hospital stay was 8 (5-18) hour. No patient required a blood transfusion, and no intraoperative complications occurred. Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery is a feasible surgical approach for treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Additional studies are needed to compare this approach with conventional laparoscopic treatment.
A Welfare Analysis of the Voluntary Corn Diversion Program, 1961 to 1966

The welfare effects of the com diversion program are analyzed. A three-sector (corn, other crops, and the rest of the economy) supply-demand model is developed which incorporates substitution in production and consumption between com and other crops. Using observed data as the restricted market equilibrium and parameters derived from previous research, free market equilibrium is estimated. The net welfare costs and income transfers are computed from the two equilibrium points. In general, the net welfare costs are small and the income transfers are substantial. However, the model is quite sensitive to the parameter values.
The effect of diphenylhydantoin on the microbial assay of serum folate

1. Two modifications of the usual method of assay for folic acid in solutions are reported which appear to improve this procedure. These are a reduction of incubation time and dilution with 95% ethanol. 2. Experimental results are reported which indicate that Dilantin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin) does not interfere with the microbiological assay for folic acid.
Kinetic coefficient of Ni solid-liquid interfaces from molecular-dynamics simulations

The kinetics of isothermal crystallization and melting are studied for elemental Ni employing non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations based on interatomic potentials of the embedded-atom-method form. These simulations form the basis for calculations of the magnitude and crystalline anisotropy of the kinetic coefficient $\ensuremath{\mu},$ defined as the constant of proportionality between interface velocity and undercooling. We obtain highly symmetric rates for crystallization and melting, from which we extract the following values of $\ensuremath{\mu}$ for low index ${100},$ ${110},$ and ${111}$ interfaces: ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{100}=35.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}22,$ ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{110}=25.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6,$ and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{111}=24.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.0$ in units of cm/s K. The results of the present study are discussed in the context of previous molecular-dynamics simulations for related systems, and kinetic models based upon transition-state and density-functional theories.
Development of Photo-Controlled Molecular Shuttle Utilizing ATP Driven Motor Kinesin

The ATP driven motor kinesin has many possibilities for the application to the molecular machines. Previously, we introduced photochromic molecules into the functional key region of the kinesin as a photo-switch and tried to control the function of kinesin by ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) light irradiations. The kinesin mutant S275C modified with thiol reactive azobenzene derivative exhibited photo-controlled ATPase activity correlating to photo isomerization of photochromic molecules.In this study, we tried to prepare the photo-controlled molecular shuttles using kinesin and liposome modified with photochromic molecule.We prepared the kinesin motor domain (K355) mutant that has a single cysteine at neck linker region and His-tag at C-terminal. Subsequently the kinesin mutant was dimerized with photochromic bifunctional cross-linker, azobenzene dimaleimide (ABDM). And the photo-reversible regulation of the ATPase and motor activities of the kinesin dimer cross-linked with ABDM was studied.We also tried to develop photo-responsive vesicle composed of photochromic molecules as a cargo for the photo-controlled kinesin. Diacyl glycerol was coupled with carboxypropyl-spiropyran to be phospholipid analogue using carbonyldiimidazole condensation reagent. The spiropyran moiety performs photo-reversible isomerization between hydrophobic spiro form and merocyanine zwitterion form upon visible light and ultraviolet light, respectively. Therefore, it is expected that the merocyanine form of the mimic phospholipid results in formation liposome like vesicle. The photo-reversible formation of the vesicle was studied using water-soluble fluorescent probe.
The Logic of Artifactual Existents: John Dewey and Claude Lévi-Strauss

Comment Dewey fut, notamment dans Experience and Nature, a la recherche d'une methode (entre le monde de la qualite experimentee et celui de la science) qui n'a recu de formulation satisfaisante que chez Levi-Strauss: le "bricolage".
Has MRP run its course? A review of contemporary developments in planning systems

The onset of global competition in the 1970s began to change the manufacturing environment drastically. The advent of the computer created an opportunity for the developers of material requirements planning (MRP) concepts to automate many of the manual practices employed in manufacturing for acquiring and tracking of materials. This resulted in more efficient manufacturing operations in terms of labor for planning activities and better material control. Technology was expanded to include capacity planning and production schedule control. The acceptance in industry for the new “tool” was monumental and soon a new industry was born. For some time MRP allowed manufacturers to perform at higher levels of proficiency. However, the demands and expectations of the customers have continued to change and manufacturers wishing to keep pace with competition are beginning to question if MRP is still a valid tool for production planning and control. As a result new concepts have begun to emerge. These new approaches call for an abandonment of some of the foundational components of MRP.
Activity Influences on Neuronal Connectivity Within the Auditory Pathway

Hypothesis: Sensorineural hearing loss may be associated with altered patterns of neuronal connections within the central auditory pathway. Study Design: The cat auditory system was used to address the relative importance of impulse traffic within the auditory nerve in maintaining central nervous system connections. Methods: Acute, unilateral deafness was induced by tetrodotoxin intoxication of cochlear hair cells. Analysis focused on the structural patterns of contact between auditory nerve endings called end bulbs of Held and their target neurons. Specifically, end bulb morphology and target cell size within the cochlear nucleus were examined. Highly specialized synaptic contacts at this junction provide a powerful site for study. Results: The principal finding was that abolished activity in the auditory nerve caused nerve endings to assume a different shape, typified by more branching and smaller terminal swellings. The new shape is one typically associated with only a subpopulation of fibers in normal-hearing cats-those exhibiting a high-threshold, low-spontaneous activity profile. This result implies that abolished activity alters patterns of nerve fiber contact with second-order neurons. Tetrodotoxin produced differential effects on subpopulations of target neurons within the brain-stem and is interpretable on the basis of “weighing” synaptic inputs. Second-order neurons that receive large axosomatic inputs from their parent fiber were significantly smaller than neurons that receive small, axodendritic terminals. Thus, attenuated auditory activity may produce differential effects across the auditory pathway, thereby disrupting the normal balance of inputs into synaptic stations. Conclusions: Impulse traffic is a critical factor in the interaction between the ear and central auditory stations and appears necessary for the maintenance of key synapses. As hearing disorders with impaired comprehension may be modeled by studies of auditory deafferentation, these observations extend the possibility that changes in central neuronal connections underlie reduced capabilities for processing restored auditory input.
Energy—size reduction laws for ultrasonic fragmentation

Abstract The energy requirement is a key criterion for the selection and use of a grinding process. Ultrasonic dispersion is extensively used to disperse submicron agglomerated powders in liquid suspensions. Suspensions of silica agglomerates were ground with solids concentration up to 50% by weight. The fragmentation or grinding rate is inversely proportional to suspension volume. Starting from a semiempirical expression that relates fragmentation rate to particle size, suspension volume and ultrasonic power, energy consumption laws for both eroding and non-eroding powders are developed. Experimental results supporting the energy consumption laws are given. Lower power input for ultrasonication favors efficient energy use. For eroding powders (e.g. silica, zirconia) the energy expenditure per unit powder mass (specific energy) by ultrasonic grinding is lower than that of conventional grinding techniques. In contrast, it is slightly higher than ball milling for non-eroding powders (e.g. titania).
A smarter process for sensing the information space

As a result of the growth of the Internet, the amount of available information is exponentially increasing. However, increasing the amount of information does not imply increasing usefulness. Furthermore, as the complexity of business relationships increases, there is a natural tendency toward less structured interaction between entities. This highlights the growing relevance of unstructured information in documenting the interactions of organizations and individuals. Analyzing and making sense of this unstructured information space requires more than text-mining algorithms; it requires a strategic approach. We propose a unified approach that addresses a variety of information space analytics problems. Our method for making sense of unstructured data is described by six steps that are analogous to the algebraic order of operations PEMDAS (parenthesis, exponent, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction). These basic text-mining operations can be combined in many interesting ways to handle a diverse set of problems, and just as in algebra, it is critical that these operations be performed in the correct order to guarantee a meaningful result. In this paper, we describe how PEMDAS has been implemented within organizations to enable decisions that produced measurable business value.
Evaluation of the appropriateness of multiple symptom validity indices in psychotic and non-psychotic psychiatric populations.

Although it is recognized that significant cognitive deficits are inherent in many psychiatric disorders, there is minimal research on whether the deficits can cause a failing score on symptom validity tests (SVTs). The performances of 104 and 178 patients with psychotic disorders and non-psychotic psychiatric disorders, respectively, on seven SVTs were examined. Analyses indicate that most of these SVTs have specificity rates of 90% or better for both clinical groups. Further, only 7% of patients in the psychotic group and 5% of patients in the non-psychotic psychiatric group produced false-positive classifications based on malingering criteria similar to those suggested by Slick et al. (i.e., failure of two or more SVTs or failure of one SVT at statistically significantly worse than chance rates). Consequently this research indicates that psychiatric disorders typically do not adversely affect SVT performance.
Breeding scheme and maternal small RNAs affect the efficiency of transgenerational inheritance of a paramutation in mice

Paramutations result from interactions between two alleles at a single locus, whereby one induces a heritable change in the other. Although common in plants, paramutations are rarely studied in animals. Here, we report a new paramutation mouse model, in which the paramutant allele was induced by an insertional mutation and displayed the "white-tail-tip" (WTT) phenotype. The paramutation phenotype could be transmitted across multiple generations, and the breeding scheme (intercrossing vs. outcrossing) drastically affected the transmission efficiency. Paternal (i.e., sperm-borne) RNAs isolated from paramutant mice could induce the paramutation phenotype, which, however, failed to be transmitted to subsequent generations. Maternal miRNAs and piRNAs appeared to have an inhibitory effect on the efficiency of germline transmission of the paramutation. This paramutation mouse model represents an important tool for dissecting the underlying mechanism, which should be applicable to the phenomenon of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance (ETI) in general. Mechanistic insights of ETI will help us understand how organisms establish new heritable epigenetic states during development, or in times of environmental or nutritional stress.
Synthesis of 1,1′-ferrocene bis(carboxypyrazole) compounds and displacement of the pyrazole ligands

Abstract The reaction of 1,1′-ferrocenedicarbonyl chloride with pyrazole or 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole generates novel 1,1′-ferrocene bis(amide) compounds 1 and 2, respectively. The crystal structure of 1 shows that the pyrazole rings are essentially co-planar with each other and with the cyclopentadienyl rings. Attempts to use the complexes as a chelating ligand were unsuccessful. Instead, treatment of 1 or 2 with Mo(CO)4(pip)2, pip = piperidine, led to displacement of the pyrazole ligands and formation of the known amide compound, 1,1′-ferrocene bis carbonyl piperidine. Replacement of the pyrazole is ascribed to the weakness of the amide bond caused by the aromaticity of the pyrazole ring. Crystal data for C18H14FeN4O2 (1): monoclinic P2(1)/c, a = 13.3907(18) A, b = 10.2112(14) A, c = 11.3082(16) A, β = 105.209(2)°, V = 1492.1(4) A3, Z = 4.
Radiolabeled hypoxic cell sensitizers: tracers for assessment of ischemia.

Hypoxic, non-functional, but viable, tissue may exist in heart and brain following an arterial occlusion. Identification of such tissue in vivo is crucial to the development of effective treatment strategies. It has been suggested that certain compounds capable of sensitizing hypoxic tumor cells to killing by x-rays (i.e., misonidazole) might serve as in vivo markers of hypoxic tissue in ischemic myocardium or brain if properly radiolabeled. To this end we have radiolabeled two fluorinated analogs of nitroimidazole based hypoxic cell sensitizers with the 110 minute half-lived positron-emitting fluorine-18. The ability of these tracers to quantitate the presence of hypoxic tissue has been studied in a gerbil stroke model. The in vivo uptake of one of these tracers [F-18]-fluoronormethyoxymisonidazole is dependent on the extent of tissue hypoxia, and thus, appears to have potential as a diagnostic indicator of non-functional but viable tissue when the tracer is used in conjunction with positron emission tomography.
Influence of the Autonomic Nervous System on the Genesis of Cardiac Arrhythmias

The purpose of this report is to present a brief overview of the concepts concerned with the potential effects of the autonomic nervous system on the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias. First, we present data indicating the functional importance of presynaptic and postsynaptic vagaJ modulation of adrenergic neurotransmission on electrical activity in sinus and A-V nodes, and contractile activity of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Second, we indicate the possible intraventricular adrenergic and vagal pathways to the ventricles, suggesting that sympathetic fibers travel in the epicardium while vagal fibers appear to cross the A-V groove in the epicardium but then take an intramural route for part of their course. Finally, we demonstrate that a lesion such as a myocardial infarction can interrupt neural fibers traveling through the infarction to affect nominfarcted myocardium distal to the infarction. These factors may play a role in the genesis of some cardiac arrhythmias.
Effect of stress and para-chlorophenylalanine upon brain serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and catecholamines in grouped and isolated mice.

Abstract Para-chlorophenylalanine (pCpA), administered to mice only a few hours before they were sacrificed, lowered whole brain serotonin (5-HT) only slightly but caused a marked (27%) reduction in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Restraint stress for 2.75 hr markedly elevated 5-HIAA in saline controls and largely prevented its reduction by pCpA. The elevation of brain 5-HT otherwise induced by fighting and by restraint stress was prevented by pCpA, although stress did not significantly accelerate the pCpA-induced depletion of 5-HT. Levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, and the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio, were lower in mice that had been isolated for 3 months than in their grouped littermates. Contingent upon future elucidation of possible effects of stress and of pCpA upon active transport of 5-HIAA from the brain, these observations suggest: (1) that very pronounced changes in the normal metabolism of 5-HT may be produced by treatments that modify total endogenous stores only slightly; (2) that the elevation of 5-HT by stress may be associated with an increase, not with a decrease, in the metabolism of serotonin; (3) that an appreciable proportion of the 5-HIAA formed under normal non-stressed conditions may be derived from newly synthesized 5-HT; but (4) that during stress a considerable amount of 5-HIAA may be formed from 5-HT that is released from stores; and (5) that the basal rate of formation of 5-HIAA from 5-HT is faster in grouped than in isolated mice. In unstressed mice, norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) were lowered by pCpA to about the same small degree as 5-HT. They were lowered more in pregrouped than in preisolated mice. Stress elevated DA and, by so doing, counteracted its tendency to be reduced by pCpA. This resulted in a reduction of the NE/DA ratio in stressed mice, particularly in mice pretreated with pCpA. The normal tendency for preisolated mice to fight when placed together was immediately abolished by pCpA concomitant with an immediate small reduction of NE in the pons and medulla oblongata; aggressive tendencies gradually returned over a period of 1.5–5 hr.
Phosphoryl-N-acetylglucosamine transfer to a lipid acceptor of liver microsomal preparations.

Abstract The preparation of [β- 32 P]UDP- N -acetyl[1- 14 C]glucosamine is described. This compound was used in reactions with microsomes of rabbit liver to investigate the pathway of glycoprotein synthesis in this system. The 32 P and 14 C were incorporated into a lipid component while only the 14 C was found in the protein products. The lipid material was purified by ion exchange and two dimensional thin layer chromatography. In both of these systems the 32 P and 14 C migrated together. These results suggested that a single microsomal lipid component contained the β-phosphoryl and N -acetylglucosamine residues of the nucleotide-sugar and therefore UMP had to be the other product in the reaction. The “lipid-sugar” had properties similar to the “lipid intermediates” described for microorganisms. The results presented in this and previous papers suggested that this “lipid-sugar” may serve as an intermediate in glycoprotein synthesis.
Solution to the fermion doubling problem for supersymmetric theories on the transverse lattice

Species doubling is a problem that infects most numerical methods that use a spatial lattice. An understanding of species doubling can be found in the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem which gives a set of conditions that require species doubling. The transverse lattice approach to solving field theories, which has at least one spatial lattice, fails one of the conditions of the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem nevertheless one still finds species doubling for the standard Lagrangian formulation of the transverse lattice. We will show that the Supersymmetric Discrete Light Cone Quantization (SDLCQ) formulation of the transverse lattice does not have species doubling.
Alcoholism consultation and general hospital psychiatry

The author explores the relationship between consultation-liaison psychiatry and alcoholism as it presents in the general hospital. He discusses cases that illustrate specific problems, reviews the studies of alcoholism prevalence in the medical and surgical services of general hospitals, and emphasizes the liaison and consultation roles of the general hospital psychiatrist around alcoholism diagnosis, management, and treatment referral.
Genome-wide genotype and sequence-based reconstruction of the 140,000 year history of modern human ancestry

We investigated ancestry of 3,528 modern humans from 163 samples. We identified 19 ancestral components, with 94.4% of individuals showing mixed ancestry. After using whole genome sequences to correct for ascertainment biases in genome-wide genotype data, we dated the oldest divergence event to 140,000 years ago. We detected an Out-of-Africa migration 100,000-87,000 years ago, leading to peoples of the Americas, east and north Asia, and Oceania, followed by another migration 61,000-44,000 years ago, leading to peoples of the Caucasus, Europe, the Middle East, and south Asia. We dated eight divergence events to 33,000-20,000 years ago, coincident with the Last Glacial Maximum. We refined understanding of the ancestry of several ethno-linguistic groups, including African Americans, Ethiopians, the Kalash, Latin Americans, Mozabites, Pygmies, and Uygurs, as well as the CEU sample. Ubiquity of mixed ancestry emphasizes the importance of accounting for ancestry in history, forensics, and health.
Blistering disorders: diagnosis and treatment

Blistering diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that can affect either skin and mucous membrane, or both, varying in presentation, clinical course, pathohistology, immunopathology and treatment. Not infrequently the diagnosis is delayed. This can result in severe, and sometimes fatal consequences. Although these diseases are rare, it is very important to make an accurate diagnosis based on a combination of clinical profile and laboratory observations. A brief review is presented of the following bullous diseases: pemphigus, paraneoplastic pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA bullous disease, porphyria cutanea tarda, and subcorneal pustular dermatitis. Their clinical, pathohistologic and immunopathologic features and recommendations for therapy are discussed.
Factors affecting lymph node yield from patients undergoing colectomy for cancer.

Lymph node (LN) yield is a critical component of colon cancer staging and is often a surrogate for quality assessment in surgery. We investigated the impact of pathologists’ training on LN harvest. This is a retrospective review on 137 patients undergoing elective colectomy for adenocarcinoma at a single institution from 2008 to 2009. We studied surgeon-, patient- and pathologist-derived factors, and identified independent variables affecting LN yield using logistic regression. LN yield was similar between open and laparoscopic resections (21 versus 23, p = 0.54). Similarly, nodal counts were independent of tumor location (p = 0.08) and no difference was noted between colorectal and general surgeons (24 versus 21, p = 0.31). Strikingly, the number of LNs reported by PGY-1 pathology residents was significantly higher than those with two or more years of training (24 versus 19, p = 0.02). On logistic regression, only the reporting pathologists’ year in training remained a significant predictor of the number of nodes reported (OR = 5.28, p = 0.0001). LN retrieval in patients with colon cancer is inversely related to the interpreting pathologists’ level of training.
High Power Far-Infrared Lasers

Recently, there has been significant progress made in the attainment of very high c.w. power levels from optically pumped FIR lasers. These successes have relied on just a few power enhancement techniques which have been applied in the presence of high pump power. Power levels approaching 1 Watt have been observed on a few particularly strong lines.
Adaptive control of inter-area oscillations in wind-integrated power systems using distributed parameter control methods

This paper presents a preliminary study using adaptive control theory to damp inter-area oscillations in power systems through controlling wind farm that is injecting power into the system. The power system is modeled as a distributed parameter system using a first order hyperbolic wave equation, which represents the dynamics of an aggregate rotor model for a system of coupled swing equations. A direct adaptive controller is used to stabilize the power swing in the face of disturbances using power injected from an alternate source like a wind farm.
Three-dimensional digital topological characterization of cancellous bone architecture

Cancellous bone consists of a network of bony struts and plates that provide mechanical strength to much of the skeleton at minimum weight. It has been shown that loss in bone mass is accompanied by architectural changes that relate to both scale and topology of the network. In this paper, the concept of three-dimensional (3D) digital topology is presented for characterizing the local topology of each bone voxel after skeletonization of the binary bone images. This method allows us to identify each voxel as belonging to a surface, curve, or junction structure in the trabecular bone network. The method has been quantitatively validated on synthetic images demonstrating its relative immunity to partial volume blurring and noise. Parameters introduced to characterize network topology include surface-to-curve ratio and erosion index. Finally, the technique is shown to quantify the architecture of human trabecular bone in magnetic resonance micro-images acquired from cadavers and in vivo.© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 11, 81–90, 2000
The Borrowing Update System: current status, future plans and technical elements

The Borrowing Update System (BUS) is a Windows‐based interlibrary loan package designed to facilitate common tasks related to record management and reporting. As a follow‐up to the initial article (which introduced the BUS), discusses the technical aspects with a look toward expansion issues.
Effects of aging on morphine withdrawal in the rat.

Abstract Little is known about the effects of aging on the process of opiate dependence and withdrawal in the rat. The present study was undertaken to quantitate naloxone-precipitated opiate withdrawal in young (3–4 months old) and aged (24 month old) Long-Evan female rats. Following addiction to morphine, young and aged rats were evaluated for tail skin temperature (TST), rectal temperature (Tr), behavior, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, salivation, and diarrhea in response to naloxone administration. Young rats showed the expected TST increase and Tr decline in response to withdrawal. By contrast, aged rats showed two distinct TST response subgroups. The majority of aged rats showed an exaggerated TST response to naloxone, while some aged rats failed to exhibit any TST response to withdrawal. This latter subgroup showed significantly lower basal Tr than either the young rats or the aged-responders. The behavioral activating effects of opiate withdrawal were blunted in aged rats, and these old animals showed a marked decline in rhinorrhea, lacrimation, and salivation during withdrawal. The diarrheal response during withdrawal was not substantially different between the two groups. Collectively, these data indicate that aged female rats exhibit markedly different responses to opiate withdrawal than do their young counterparts.
Phase behavior and microstructure of nonaqueous microemulsions

Phase behavior of glycerol, propylene glycol, hydrocarbon, and alkylpolyglycol ether (C{sub i}E{sub j}) surfactant microemulsions has been studied. Surfactant solubility in the polar organic phase (a mixture of glycerol and propylene glycol) decreases when glycerol content is increased, and a 2-3-2 phase transition is observed at constant temperature. The phase behavior usually observed in water microemulsions as a function of temperature is observed here as a function of the fraction of glycerol in the polar organic phase. Phase behavior is reported as a function of oil solvophobicity and the surfactant solvophilic-lipophilic balance and is compared to a well-established model developed for aqueous microemulsions. Porod analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAX) measurements indicates the presence of interfaces; thus the fluids are microstructured. The SAXS measurements suggest that aqueous and nonaqueous microemulsions are structurally similar.
Protein quality of “idli”, fermented steamed cakes prepared from beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and rice

Abstract Growth and nitrogen balance feeding trials were conducted with rats to determine the protein quality of “idli,” a fermented steamed cake prepared from beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and rice. Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and relative PER (rPER) of fermented “idli” diets were significantly smaller (p
Chemoprevention for colorectal cancer

3. Experimental models for colorectal cancer chemoprevention studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 3.1. Animal models of chemical carcinogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 3.2. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) assay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 3.3. Colon cancer cell lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 3.4. Transfection models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 3.5. Genetic and knock-out models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Stability Determinants of Murine Cytomegalovirus Long Noncoding RNA7.2

Cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that persistently replicates in glandular epithelial tissue. Murine cytomegalovirus expresses a 7.2-kb-long noncoding RNA (RNA7.2) that is a determinant of viral persistence in the salivary gland. RNA7.2 is an extremely long-lived intron, yet the basis of its stability is unknown. We present data that localize key sequence determinants of RNA stability to the 3' end of RNA7.2 and suggest that stability is a result of sustained lariat conformation.
Vascular oxygen sensing: detection of novel candidates by proteomics and organ culture.

We have shown that the specific inhibition of hypoxia-induced relaxation by organ culture in porcine coronary arteries can be mimicked by treatment of control vessels with the protein synthesis inh...
Clinical impact of change of FLT3 mutation status in acute myeloid leukemia patients

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia and is associated with worse clinical outcome. Changes in FLT3 mutation status can occur during the course of disease, but the clinical impact of a change is unclear. We retrospectively reviewed 3555 acute myeloid leukemia patients, who have been assessed for FLT3 mutation at our institution between May 2002 and January 2011. We found that 42 (6.2%) out of 680 patients with FLT3 mutation experienced a change of FLT3 mutation status. In all, 36 patients with wild-type FLT3 at the time of initial diagnosis gained mutation (Negative/Positive) and six initially FLT3-mutated patients became wild type during their following relapses (Positive/Negative). The 5-year survival of these patients was similar to that of patients with persistently wild-type FLT3 (Negative/Negative; P=0.464), and significantly better than patients who had stable FLT3 mutation during their disease course (Positive/Positive; P<0.001). However, after mutations became detectable in the Negative/Positive group, the forward survival of these patients tracked that of the Positive/Positive group after relapse (P=0.761). In addition, we did not find a significant difference in survival between patients with internal tandem duplications and those with point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the FLT3 gene. These results suggest that FLT3 mutations are unstable and that there is potential clinical value in continuously monitoring FLT3 mutation status.
Residency training in pyloromyotomy: a survey of 331 pediatric surgeons.

Abstract Purpose Both pediatric and general surgeons perform pyloromyotomy. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (LAP), and changes in referral patterns have affected the training of pediatric surgery fellows and general surgery residents. We surveyed pediatric surgeons regarding these issues. Methods We mailed an Institutional Review Board of New Hanover Regional Medical Center-approved survey to 701 members of the American Pediatric Surgical Association within the United States to determine each surgeon's preferred technique for pyloromyotomy (LAP vs Ramstedt or transumbilical procedures [OPEN]), practice setting, involvement with trainees, and opinions regarding pyloromyotomy. Significance was determined using χ 2 analyses. Results A total of 331 (48%) surgeons responded: 197 (60%) performed most or all OPEN, and 85 (26%), most or all LAP. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy was more likely in academic practices and children's hospitals ( P P P P Conclusions Most general surgical residents are not learning pyloromyotomy, in part because of the adoption of laparoscopic technique, limited operative experience, and the opinion of most pediatric surgeons that the procedure should be performed only by pediatric surgeons.
Defect Formation in Insulators by Synchrotron Radiation

The formation of point defects in alkali halides by monochromatic radiation was investigated over a wide range of photon energies from the near UV exciton region to the hard X-ray region near the K-edge of bromine (from about 5 eV to 14 keV). The spectral dependence of the production efficiency was measured using monochromatic X-rays and VUV radiation as well as turnable monochromatic beams of synchrotron radiation. F center production efficiencies of the order of one keV/F-center were obtained for KBr and KCl. The yield dropped sharply in regions of strongest absorption such as in the exciton bands. An increase in F-center production efficiency was observed for KBr at the K-edge of bromine (13.4 keV). In the soft X-ray region (50-1500 eV) the F-center generation curves were strongly influenced by the X-ray absorption depth and proximity of the surface.
A scaleable and integrated crystallization pipeline applied to mining the Thermotoga maritima proteome.

The wealth of genomic data available for many organisms has set the stage for the next phase of structure—function analysis. High-throughput structural genomics is currently the method of choice for rapid analysis of protein structure—function relationships on a proteome-wide basis. The Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG), established in 2000 under the NIH/NIGMS Protein Structure Initiative, has developed and implemented an integrated high-throughput structure pipeline and applied it in a 2-tiered approach to mining the proteome of the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. In the first tier, the successful application of this integrated pipeline has resulted in the cloning and expression of 73% of the T. maritima proteome (1376 out of 1877 predicted genes), and has identified 465 proteins which produced crystal hits. These 465 proteins were compared with existing structural information and a subset of 269 targets were selected to process towards structure determination in a second tier effort. To date, the JCSG pipeline applied to the Thermotoga maritima proteome has resulted in 55 new structures and has identified 6 novel folds and continues to identify structures with novel features.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Small Strain Viscoelastic Behavior of Asphalt Concrete

Asphalt concrete (AC) is a heterogeneous material affected by viscoelastic and viscoplastic processes, as well as by damage and localized irregularities in the material fabric. However, under specific strain regimens, certain of these mechanisms are less active, and the constitutive relationships of the material can be modeled using simplified mechanistic principles. One simplifying assumption that is typically applied to AC for the purposes of response and performance modeling is that of linear viscoelasticity (LVE). In this paper, the behavior of AC at small strain levels, when LVE models can most accurately describe the constitutive relationship, is described. This work differs from the significant literature presented elsewhere because a more strict definition of the LVE strain regimen has been adhered to. This protocol limits the total peak-to-peak strain amplitude to 50 to 75 microstrains, the tensile strain amplitude to 37.5 microstrains, the total accumulated compressive strain to 1500 microstrains, and the total accumulated tensile strain to 150 microstrains. It is shown that when this stricter protocol is followed, AC exhibits the same fundamental characteristics whether loaded in compression, tension, or indirect tension. Evidence is also presented showing that AC, when compacted by gyratory compaction, does not show anisotropic tendencies at these strain levels. AC shows stress state and strain level dependencies that are inconsistent with rigorous LVE theory. Due to the inconsistencies between the material responses and the theory, the behavior of AC at even the small strain levels used in this research cannot be rigorously referred to as LVE. Further study is needed in order to fully assess the implications of this finding as it relates to day-to-day engineering practice and to the advanced mechanistic modeling of AC materials.
A multiperiod degree constrained minimal spanning tree problem

Abstract The multiperiod degree constrained minimal spanning tree (MDCMST) problem consists of scheduling the installation of links in a network so as to connect a set of terminal nodes to a central node with minimal present value of expenditures. The network design is subject to degree constraint, which limits the number of links incident on each terminal node to a prespecified number due to the number of ports available on it. Some of the terminal nodes in the network are active at the beginning of the planning horizon while others are activated over time. We formulate this problem as an integer programming problem. We suggest a Lagrangian-based heuristic to solve the integer programming formulation of the network topology problem. Lower bounds found as a byproduct of the solution procedure are used to estimate the quality of the solution given by the heuristic. Experimental results over a wide range of problem structures show that the Lagrangian-based heuristic method yields verifiably good solutions to this hard problem.
Appayyadīkṣita’s Invention of Śrīkaṇṭha’s Vedānta

Apart from his voluminous, immensely learned, and spectacularly successful contributions to the fields of Hermeneutics (Mīmāṃsā), non-dualist Metaphysics (Advaita Vedānta), and poetics, the sixteenth century South Indian polymath Appayyadīkṣita is famed for reviving from obscurity the moribund Śaivite Vedānta tradition represented by the (thirteenth century?) Brahmasūtrabhāṣya of Śrīkaṇṭha. Appayya’s voluminous commentary on this work, his Śivārkamaṇidīpikā, not only reconstitutes Śrīkaṇṭha’s system, but radically transforms it, making it into a springboard for Appayya’s own highly original critiques of standard views of Mīmāṃsā and Vedānta. Appayya addresses long sections of his commentary to matters dealt with glancingly or not at all in the root text, drawing conclusions which Śrīkaṇṭha nowhere endorses. Furthermore, the distinctive positions Appayya develops in the Śivārkamaṇidīpikā feed into Appayya’s other works in ways that have so far been largely ignored by modern scholars. For example, most or all the discussions Appayya’s Pūrvottaramīmāṃsāvādanakṣatramālā, twenty-seven essays on scattered topics in Mīmāṃsā and Vedānta, build on arguments first advanced in the Śivārkamaṇidīpikā—most notably Appayya’s totally original theory of the signification of adjectives, first developed in the Śivārkamaṇidīpikā, the full elaboration and defense of which takes up fully sixteen of the twenty-seven essays that make up the Pūrvottaramīmāṃsāvādanakṣatramālā.
Marital Status and Mental Disorder: Evidence in Favor of a Behavioral Model

Research has consistently shown that marital status and rates of mental disorder are related, but few studies provide an answer to the causal question: Does marital status determine mental status, as a social causation model of individual attributes would stipulate, or does mental status cause marital status, as an individual causation model of social status would stipulate? Analysis of admissions to Tennessee state mental hospitals between 1956 and 1965 consistently supports the view that a person's marital status is determined more by mental status and behavior rather than the reverse. One of the most consistent findings in research on social aspects of illness is that marital status and mental illness are related. In a comprehensive review of the literature, Gove reports that almost all studies show that the nonmarried have higher rates than the married, and that the findings
Video urodynamic findings in men with the central cord syndrome

Purpose: The central cord syndrome reportedly has a favorable prognosis and rehabilitation outcome. However, to our knowledge the status of the lower urinary tract in patients with the central cord syndrome is unclear. We report on 22 men with the central cord syndrome who were evaluated by video urodynamics.Materials and Methods: From 1986 to the present we identified 22 men with a mean age of 51 years who had the central cord syndrome and were included in the Houston Veterans Affairs spinal cord registry. All patients underwent video urodynamic evaluation a mean of 34.5 months after injury.Results: Video urodynamic testing for vesicourethral dysfunction was normal in 3 patients, while it showed bladder outlet obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia in 2, detrusor areflexia in 4, external detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in 11, detrusor hyperreflexia with a synergistic external urethral sphincter in 1 and detrusor hypocontractility in 1. Urinary tract infection recurred in 3 patients with ext...