cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION VII. THE EGG ALBUMIN-ANTIBODY REACTION IN ANTISERA FROM THE RABBIT AND HORSE

1. In two rabbits subjected to prolonged injections with crystalline egg albumin the antibodies in one showed progressive changes such as noted in an earlier paper; the antibodies in the other did not. 2. The significance of this behavior in the production of sera for therapeutic use is pointed out. 3. Quantitative studies are reported on the low grade or incomplete antibody present in the early stages of immunization of a horse with egg albumin. 4. Quantitative studies on the flocculating antibody from later bleedings from the horse are given, and the dissociation of the soluble pre-zone compounds by rabbit anti-egg albumin is studied. Rough velocity estimations are reported. 5. The bearing of the findings on the mechanism of precipitin and flocculation reactions and of the Danysz effect is discussed in terms of the union of multivalent antigen with multivalent antibody.
Spinal muscular atrophy diagnostics.

Spinal muscular atrophy is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron gene (SMN), which exists in 2 nearly identical copies (SMN1 and SMN2). Exon 7 of SMN1 is homozygously absent in about 95% of spinal muscular atrophy patients, whereas the loss of SMN2 does not cause spinal muscular atrophy. Small mutations are found in the other 5% of affected patients, and these mutations cluster in the 3′ end of SMN1, a region important for protein oligomerization. SMN1 dosage testing can be used to determine the SMN1 copy number and to detect spinal muscular atrophy carriers and affected compound heterozygotes. Dosage testing is compromised by the presence of 2 SMN1 copies per chromosome, which occurs in about 2% of carriers. Finally, although SMN2 produces less full-length transcript than SMN1, the number of SMN2 copies modulates the phenotype.
Adaptive demodulation of dynamic signals from fiber Bragg gratings using two-wave mixing technology

A two-wave mixing (TWM) interferometer using photorefractive (PRC) InP:Fe crystal is configured to demodulate the spectral shift of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. The FBG is illuminated with a broadband source, and any strain in the FBG is encoded as a wavelength shift of the light reflected by the FBG. The wavelength shift is converted into phase shift by means of an unbalanced TWM interferometer. TWM wavelength demodulation is attractive for monitoring dynamic strains because it is adaptive and multiplexable. Adaptivity implies that it can selectively monitor dynamic strains without active compensation of large quasi-static strains and large temperature drifts that otherwise would cause system to drift. Multiplexability implies that several FBG sensors can be simultaneously demodulated using a single demodulator. TWM wavelength demodulation is therefore a cost-effective method of demodulating several spectrally encoded FBG sensors.
Sensitivity of distributions of climate system properties to the surface temperature dataset

[1] Surface temperature, upper-air temperature, and ocean heat content data are used to constrain the distributions of the parameters that define three climate system properties in the MIT Integrated Global Systems Model: effective climate sensitivity, the rate of ocean heat uptake into the deep ocean, and net anthropogenic aerosol forcing. Five different surface temperature data records are used to show that the resulting parameter distribution functions are sensitive to the dataset used to estimate the likelihood of model output given the observed climate records. Estimates of effective climate sensitivity mode and mean differ by as much as 1 K between the datasets, with an overall range of 1.2 to 5.3 K. Ocean effective diffusivity distributions are poorly constrained by any dataset. The overall range of net aerosol forcing values, −0.19 to −0.83 Wm−2, is small compared to other uncertainties in climate forcings. Transient climate response (TCR) estimates derived from these distributions range between 0.87 and 2.41 K and the shapes of individual TCR distributions depend on the surface dataset. Understanding the differences in parameter distributions and climate system properties derived from them is critical for understanding the full range of uncertainty involved in climate model calibration and prediction results.
Lahontan cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi ) spawning and downstream migration of juveniles into Summit Lake, Nevada

The only remaining self-sustaining native population of lacustrine Lahontan cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi ) not affected by nonnative salmonids is in Summit Lake, Humboldt County, Nevada. Annual spawning runs in 1993 and 1994 were monitored at a fish trap on Mahogany Creek, the only spawning tributary for Summit Lake. Number of spawners was similar in both years, with 1290 upstream migrants observed in 1993 and 1255 in 1994. In 1993, 137 postspawners (10.6% of upstream migrants) returned to the lake, and in 1994, 434 postspawners (34.6% of upstream migrants) returned downstream through the fish trap. Two distinct groups of subadult Lahontan cutthroat trout were observed moving downstream in 1994. The first group passed downstream between 27 April and 29 July and included 1188 fish (average fork length = 90 mm). Between 1 August and 31 October, 1160 fish (average fork length = 42 mm) moved downstream. Size differences of these 2 groups suggest that the 1st group comprised fish that had overwintered in Mahogany Creek, while the 2nd group were probably young-of-the-year.
Direct and Efficient Optical Coupling Into Plasmonic Integrated Circuits From Optical Fibers

We demonstrate direct and efficient optical coupling from an optical fiber into plasmonic integrated circuits (PICs) at 1.55- $\mu \text{m}$ wavelength using ultra-compact plasmonic dipole nanoantennas. The PICs consist of slot waveguides with single-chip integrated Yagi–Uda antennas. To improve the optical coupling efficiency from optical fibers, we add 500-nm-thick Su-8 film with a high refractive index as the top cladding. We experimentally achieve 8.6% couple-in efficiency from a high numerical aperture fiber to the plasmonic slot waveguide and 46% total couple-out efficiency from the plasmonic slot waveguide. We also quantitatively characterize the dependence of the couple-in efficiency to the spot size of the incident light.
L'EPR, réponse aux besoins du marché

Aujourd'hui, et davantage encore demain, le monde a besoin de produire de l'energie sans relâchement de gaz a effet de serre. Dans de nombreux pays, l'energie nucleaire va prendre une part croissante dans le bouquet energetique pour satisfaire les besoins de production d'electricite en base. Les regions fortement peuplees et/ou les contraintes environnementales, en Europe et en Chine par exemple, vont rendre le choix des sites de plus en plus difficiles, ce qui va augmenter l'attrait des reacteurs de grande puissance. L'EPR, est un reacteur de conception evolutionnaire et de puissance elevee, produisant de l'electricite a un cout competitif et avec un niveau de surete sans egal. Il a les atouts necessaires pour s'imposer sur les marches qui s'ouvrent.
A saw Sensor Study of the Relative Adhesion and Surface Properties of Polyimide Films

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor is used to study the relative humidity response of polyimide films where interfacial and surface properties are varied. The relationship between these responses and the relative adhesion strength of these films is of particular interest since it could have application as a nondestructive, quantitative measure of adhesion strength. The results show clear differences in the SAW humidity response for cured and uncured films. There are also significant differences in the SAW humidity response for films applied with and without adhesion promoter. In addition the humidity response has proven to be particularly sensitive to the surface treatment of the polyimide film. These results suggest applications of the SAW sensor as a cure indicator, an in-situ sensor for the monitoring of film surface properties in process control applications and as an adhesion sensor.
Analysis of Current Situation and Trend of HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Hengyang City

Objective To understand the current epidemic situation of HIV/AIDS and provide evidence for their control and prevention. Method The data that collected through regular surveillance,sentinel surveillance,specific study and epidemiological survey from 1992 to 2004 were analyzed. Results Five thousand two hundred and sixty-three cases were tested,486 cases were confirmed to be HIV positive.The positive detection rate was 9.23 %.Blood transmission being the predominant route,which accounted for 84.77%,among which injection drug users(IDU) accounted for 99.51%;and sex transmission was the second important route.HIV carriers were mainly young,male unemployed people and peasants. Conclusion The spread of HIV/AIDS is rapidly increasing in Hengyang City.It is necessary to conduct behavior intervention,to give more publicity,and health education in high-risk group and general population is required in prevention and control of HIV/AIDS spread.
Phenytoin-Induced Hyperglycemia

Phenytoin, known to cause hyperglycemia in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, was chronically administered to a chlorpropamide-controlled diabetic patient. Admitted to the hospital with a blood glucose of 461 mg/dL and a β-ketone level of 113 mg/dL, the patient's condition could not be controlled with increasing daily dosages of NPH insulin and regular insulin coverage. Within five days of discontinuing the phenytoin, the blood sugars began to decline, leading to decreasing insulin requirements. Prior to discharge, the patient was changed from insulin to chlorpropamide. Follow-up during subsequent clinic visits has revealed well-controlled blood sugar levels.
Salt—Its Use in Animal Products—A Human Health Dilemma

High Na intake has been identified as one possible contributor to development of hypertension that occurs in 10 to 20% of the United States population. Per capita intake of salt, which is the major source of Na in the diet, is estimated to average 10 to 12 g/d. Discretionary use accounts for about 3 to 4 g, with an equal amount naturally present in unprocessed foods and 4 to 6 g being added during processing. Theories concerning the possible role of salt in development of hypertension are reviewed. As a result of the possible relationship of salt intake to hypertension, the Food and Nutrition Board has recommended that salt consumption be reduced to 3 to 8 g.capita-1.d-1. This would require a reduction in the amount of salt added by discretionary use and (or) during processing. The amount of salt found in various raw and processed animal products is presented and the role and importance of salt in these products are examined. Consideration is then given to methods that may be adopted to reduce Na consumption and the potential influence of these methods upon various animal products.
Conditional Constellation Based-Distinct Native Attribute (CB-DNA) fingerprinting for network device authentication

Hackers have multiple avenues for accessing Industrial Control System (ICS) and can adversely impact network hardware, operating systems, and executables. This includes attacking hardware/software switches commonly used in waste water, water treatment, and power substation facilities. Unauthorized network intrusion can be mitigated by augmenting Media Access Control (MAC) based device identity (ID) verification processes using Physical-Layer (PHY) features. PHY augmentation is addressed here using Constellation Based Distinct Native Attribute (CB-DNA) features derived from unintentional Ethernet cable emissions. Collected emission symbols are mapped to a gradient-based binary constellation space where, for the first time, conditional constellation symbol features are used for device ID verification. Serial number discrimination is assessed using 16 devices from 4 different manufactures, with 12 serving as authorized devices and 4 (one from each manufacturer) serving as attacking rogue devices. Collectively considering 12,288 rogue attack scenarios using 256 verification models, the proposed CB-DNA method is promising and yielded average Rogue Reject Rates (RRR) of 85.2% 26.0 dB using two network access criteria.
Paraspinal mesenchymal tumors: the overlap between neuropathology and soft tissue pathology

Abstract Mesenchymal/soft tissue tumours represent a broad spectrum of lesions, ranging from benign processes to malignant sarcomas. Presenting at virtually any anatomic site, they are encountered in the surgical pathology workload of all histopathologists. The diagnosis can be substantially challenging, especially in small biopsy specimen, and require integration of morphology, clinical data, and ancillary studies. Herein, we review the most common mesenchymal/soft tissue tumours encountered in the central nervous system with particular focus on the paraspinal region, highlighting key points to help the general pathologists approaching such cases, and describing how to distinguish these lesions from potential mimics. In this article we broadly divide the discussed entities into four major categories, primarily based on their morphologic patterns: small round blue cell tumours, non-neural spindle cell tumours, vascular lesions and other (to include chordomas and chondrosarcoma).
A Fukushima-Like Disaster in New York City and Possible Issues Associated with the Extreme Event Management System

People living in communities surrounding the Indian Point Nuclear Generating Plant (IPNGP) inevitably face potential risks associated with a nuclear plant issue, which could become a potential extreme event. The study searches for answers to the three research questions: (1) What is the population makeup of those residing nearby the IPNGP (2) Which racial and ethnic groups are more vulnerable to the potential risks associated with the IPNGP (3) Who would be exposed to the radioactive plume if the IPNGP experienced a core-meltdown accident? The study utilizes Radiological Assessment System for Consequence Analysis (RASCAL) computer software code to project the radioactive plume dispersion when the IPNGP encounters a core-meltdown accident. Findings show that there are between 1.39 million and 19.85 million people that could possibly be exposed to the radioactive plume under four different typifying weather conditions in a calendar year. The study suggests this potential risk of an extreme event should be taken into consideration for “flexible adaptation approach” for building a resilient and sustainable New York City, rather than the one where a serious disaster could impact thousands of lives, create millions of dollars in damage, and create another scenario where emergency response is tested and fails to meet the requirements of appropriate sources to respond and do their part accordingly and appropriately to protect and save the lives of residents.
Mutation Reduction Strategies Considered Harmful

Mutation analysis is a well known yet unfortunately costly method for measuring test suite quality. Researchers have proposed numerous mutation reduction strategies in order to reduce the high cost of mutation analysis, while preserving the representativeness of the original set of mutants. As mutation reduction is an area of active research, it is important to understand the limits of possible improvements. We theoretically and empirically investigate the limits of improvement in effectiveness from using mutation reduction strategies compared to random sampling. Using real-world open source programs as subjects, we find an absolute limit in improvement of effectiveness over random sampling— $13.078\%$ . Given our findings with respect to absolute limits, one may ask: How effective are the extant mutation reduction strategies? We evaluate the effectiveness of multiple mutation reduction strategies in comparison to random sampling. We find that none of the mutation reduction strategies evaluated—many forms of operator selection, and stratified sampling (on operators or program elements)—produced an effectiveness advantage larger than $5\%$ in comparison with random sampling. Given the poor performance of mutation selection strategies—they may have a negligible advantage at best, and often perform worse than random sampling—we caution practicing testers against applying mutation reduction strategies without adequate justification.
Aqueous Polymer-Based Redox Flow Battery

Redox flow batteries have the potential to solve the storage system issue at hand, however, many of those batteries rely heavily on expensive separator membranes and expensive metals, which make redox flow batteries less desirable in industry. This research focuses on designing a cost-effective, reliable redox flow battery. This is done by utilizing water-soluble polymers. This will not only eliminate the need for expensive metals, but also eliminate the need for expensive separator membranes. Furthermore, the battery designed is expected to be capable of having good energy density and a lifecycle withstanding 10,000 charge/discharge cycles while maintaining capacity. With an increasing energy demand and declining climate conditions caused mainly by fossil fuels, our society, is more than ever in need of using renewable energy sources. Although promising renewable energy technologies exist, they are hindered by glaring obstacles; One of which is a cost-effective, reliable storage systems that can withstand storing the excess energy these energy sources generate.
LOW ASSOCIATION OF Bph17 ALLELE IN LANDRACES AND IMPROVED VARIETIES OF RICE RESISTANT TO BROWN PLANTHOPPER

Resistance traits to brown planthopper on rice varieties are controlled by dominant and recessive genes called Bph/bph. Bph17 is one of dominant genes that control rice resistance to brown planthopper. Marker of Bph17 allele can be used as a tool of marker assisted selection (MAS) in breeding activity. Association of Bph17 allele and resistance to brown planthopper in Indonesian landraces and new-improved varieties of rice is not clearly known. The study aimed to determine the association of Bph17 allele in landraces and new-improved varieties of rice resistant to brown planthopper. Twenty-one rice genotypes were used in the study, consisting of 13 landraces, 5 improved varieties, 3 popular varieties and a check variety Rathu Heenati. Two simple sequence repeat markers linked to Bph17 allele were used, i.e. RM8213 and RM5953. The results showed that association of Bph17 allele in landraces and new-improved varieties of rice resistant to brown planthopper resistance was very low (r = -0.019 and -0.023, respectively). The presence of Bph17 allele did not constantly express resistance to brown planthopper. The study suggests that Bph17 allele cannot be used as a tool of MAS for evaluating resistance of landraces and new-improved varieties of rice to brown planthopper. Further research is needed to obtain a specific gene marker that can be used as a tool of MAS and applicable for Indonesian differential rice varieties.
Epilogue or Why Creative Detours (Often) Have Happy Endings

This concluding chapter reflects on the importance of detours for creativity by arguing that they offer researchers new positions and perspectives to consider their work from. Detours cultivate difference and, as such, they foster the potential for reflexivity. Importantly, they rely equally on the researcher’s sense of adventure and his or her experience of ‘beaten paths’. The meaning and value of detours for creativity rests precisely in the dialogues they encourage between experiences and perspectives. As such, they should not be judged in terms of short-term outcomes but processes. The promise of a happy ending has less to do with reaching a concrete result and much more with the playful movement between wandering and wondering in research.
The History of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation—The Evolution of Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation and Future Directions

Abstract The history of neuromuscular electrical stimulation has been well documented. Depending upon how far back in time one chooses to go, it is clear that the field has a checkered past. It is generally agreed that the experiments of Volta, Galvani, and Lyden demonstrated the early potential of activating neural tissue by electrical currents. However, over the following decades individuals who we now most likely would describe as charlatans claimed miracle cures from the delivery of electricity to various parts of the human anatomy. The lack of a regulatory body and reimbursement mechanism enabled these individuals to make incredibly spurious claims and find desperate patients who would accept these treatments and had the capability to pay for them. It is safe to say that the more recent applications now achieving true clinical impact are not a direct result of this early experimentation. The modern-day approach to electrical stimulation of human tissue was born from the evolution of electronic technology, the development of implantable devices within the body, a growing understanding of modern physiology and anatomy, and successful collaborations between physicians and engineers.
Insulin increases ventilation during euglycemia in humans

Evidence from animal studies indicates that hyperinsulinemia, without changes in glucose, increases ventilation via a carotid body-mediated mechanism. However, whether insulin elevates ventilation ...
Covalent Reactions in the Toxicity of SO2 and Sulfite

Toxic effects of SO2 and sulfite such as bronchitis and bronchoconstriction have been well documented. SO2 has also been suggested to potentiate carcinogenic effects of PAH. However, the molecular basis of these toxic effects is unclear. We have examined the covalent reaction of SO2 and sulfite with cellular proteinacious and nonproteinaceous sulfhydryl compounds using rat liver, and lung and human lung derived A549 cells. Reactions of sulfite and protein in rat and human lung cells reveals at least three proteins with sulfite-reactive disulfide bonds. Besides fibronectin and serum albumin, which had been reported to contain sulfonated products following exposure to sulfite, we have found one other protein with sulfite-binding capabilities. Since the integrity of disulfide bonds is crucial to the tertiary structure and thus protein function, the disruption of protein structure by sulfitolysis may result in altered cellular activities leading to biochemical lesions. Using carefully controlled conditions, reproducible GSH contents can be found in cultured cells and used as an experimental basis for studying alterations in the GSH and GSSG content of cells. Sulfitolysis of GSSG results in the formation of GSSO3H in A549 cells, and possibly in the lung. GSSO3H can be reduced enzymatically by GSSG reductase. However, the Km of GSSO3H is high compared to that of GSSG, suggesting the existence of a transient concentration of GSSO3H once it is formed. Cysteine S-sulfonate is, however, not reduced by cytosolic extracts in the presence of NADPH and would have to be eliminated from the cell by other means. GSSO3H is a strong competitive inhibitor of GST in rat liver and lung and A549 cells, using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as a substrate. It also inhibits the formation of GSH conjugates of BP 4,5-oxide, anti and syn BPDE, but to a lesser extent. These results suggest that SO2 may affect the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds by inhibiting, via formation of GSSO3H, the enzymatic conjugation of GSH and reactive electrophiles. Since GSH conjugation represents the major pathway of elimination of BP epoxides in the lung, our results offer a possible explanation for the cocarcinogenicity of SO2 with PAHs. These data suggest that the sulfitolysis reaction of sulfite is the common reaction mechanism mediating the underlying biochemical reactions leading to both the toxic and cocarcinogenic properties of SO2. Quantitation of sulfitolysis products and their interaction with cellular processes should provide a coherent scheme relating SO2 and sulfite toxicity among animal species and humans.
Corporate Social Responsibility: The Efficacy of Matched Between Not-For-Profits and Multinational Enterprises in Developed and Emerging Markets

Responding to Pope Francis’s appeals in Laudato si’ and to societal pressures, multinational enterprises (MNEs; Dunning, 1977) are increasingly searching for ways to structure demands for corporate social responsibility (CSR). Previous literature, however, suggests that the positive effects of CSR initiatives are not certain; moreover, alliance-based CSR remains an understudied area. Therefore, we propose a model based on a “matched” alliance approach to increase the efficacy of, and positive response to, CSR initiatives. We argue that MNEs increase the legitimacy and/or business-process efficiency of CSR initiatives by partnering with not-for-profit (NFP; Schwenk, 1990) organizations in alliances that “match” common objectives with complementary capabilities, which in turn results in positive responses to CSR initiatives. We propose that CSR activities from the following matched alliances will result in more positive media coverage: between MNEs and NFPs, between a local MNE and local NFPs (vs. a foreign MNE and local NFPs), and between local MNEs and NFPs in an emerging (vs. developed) market. Our case and media-intensity analyses for Walmart’s Katrina Assistance, Infosys’s Campus Connect, and Unilever’s Project Shakti span matched alliances between local and foreign MNEs in emerging and developed markets. Our findings document positive media coverage surrounding CSR initiatives whenever MNEs partner with matched local NFPs. In addition, positive media coverage is more for local rather than foreign MNEs, and for CSR initiatives in emerging, rather than developed, markets.
Geographical differences exist in high-value care delivery for inpatient management of cirrhosis: Cost conscious care in cirrhosis.

Background and Aims The United States spends more money per person on health care than any other country in the world. Patients with cirrhosis are at an increased risk of health-care utilization. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in health-care utilization based on the region of treatment during the inpatient management of patients with cirrhosis. Method A retrospective database analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample was performed, including adult patients with a primary diagnosis of cirrhosis determined by ICD-9 codes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze liver decompensation, mortality, length of stay, and total charges in different regions across the United States. Results A total of 75 280 patients with cirrhosis who received treatment in nine different regions across the United States were included. Rates of liver decompensation were significantly decreased in the Pacific region compared to the New England region (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51-0.94). Length of stay was significantly different between regions; however, the means only varied by half a day and were of minimal clinical significance. Inpatient mortality rates were not significantly different between regions. Total charges for inpatient management between regions were significantly different, with the Pacific region having the highest total hospital charges with a mean of $82 731. Conclusions Health-care utilization during the inpatient management of cirrhosis varies based on the region. The charges for treatment were the highest in the West despite no impact on mortality, minimal improvement in length of stay, and fewer features of decompensation on admission.
Relationship between change in in-vivo exposure distress and PTSD symptoms during exposure therapy for active duty soldiers

Abstract Objective The current study sought to examine the relationship between changes in distress for items on in-vivo exposure hierarchies and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom change over the course of exposure therapy. Methods Active duty army soldiers (N = 108) were recruited from a military base in the U.S. and were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing Prolonged Exposure (PE), Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE), and a wait-list control for the treatment of PTSD stemming from deployments to Iraq or Afghanistan. PTSD diagnosis followed DSM-IV-TR criteria. Outcome measures were assessed via self-report and clinician interview. The relationships between in-vivo exposure distress, imaginal exposure distress, and PTSD symptoms, were examined in a factor of curves model for participants in the treatment conditions. Results Analyses revealed that, when controlling for one another, changes in in-vivo exposure distress were significantly associated with changes in PTSD symptoms (β = 0.75, 95% CI [0.60, 0.90]), while changes in imaginal exposure distress were not (β = 0.03, 95% CI [-0.27, 0.33]). The model also revealed that after accounting for the shared variation in trajectories of change, symptom clusters did not have unique variation, meaning that symptom clusters did not change independently. Conclusion Results suggest the possibility that in-vivo exposures are more closely tied to changes in overall PTSD symptoms than imaginal exposures during exposure therapy. Furture research should incorporate more frequent measurement of in-vivo exposure distress to better elucidate these relations over the course of treatment.
Standardized Hospital Discharge Communication for Patients With Pressure Injury: A Quasi-experimental Trial.

Purpose To determine if improved communication between certified wound care nurses and home health nurses, through use of standardized electronic wound care order sets and discharge instructions, decreased delay in treatment and 30-day readmission rates and improved wound healing for patients discharged to home with pressure injuries. Design Quasi-experimental, nonequivalent group trial. Subjects and setting Cognitively intact adult patients hospitalized in the Midwestern United States with a stage 2 or higher pressure injury discharged to home care services. Methods We revised the electronic medical record to include an adapted, standardized version of the Project Re-Engineered Discharge wound care order set that included specific wound care instructions for use following discharge to home care. Medical records of 12 patients were reviewed prior to the change and 9 records were reviewed postchange for information about initiation of care, wound healing, and 30-day readmission. The Pressure Ulcer Scale of Healing tool was used to evaluate wound healing. Results Time to initiation of treatment was 2.4 days for the control group and 1.6 days for the intervention group. Missing documentation made it difficult to evaluate the control group, as 73% of all wound measurements were missing from the electronic medical record. Use of the standardized wound care order set resulted in 100% of wound care orders and 92% of discharge instructions being present in the intervention group's electronic medical record at the time of hospital discharge. There was no statistically significant difference between control and intervention group's Pressure Ulcer Scale of Healing scores for any postdischarge measurement or in 30-day readmission rates. Conclusions The new standardized wound care order sets at the time of discharge did increase adherence to time to implementation and documentation of executing wound care orders by home care nurses. Further research of standardized order sets is needed to determine the impact on improving patient outcomes.
Clinicopathological characteristics of congenital testicular remnants: a report of 187 cases

Objective To explore the major pathological characteristic of testicular remnants and examine whether the remnants have the pathological potential of developing into tumor. Methods A total of 187 surgical pathological specimens were collected from 196 patients undergoing scrotal exploration. Histological and immunohistochemical comparisons were made with 5 surgically removed epidermoid testicular cyst testis. Results Routine histological studies showed fibrosis in 187 cases (100%), calcification in 94 cases (50%) and hemosiderin deposition in 56 cases (30%) and no seminiferous tubules in 171 cases (91%). Immunohistochemistry revealed that seminiferous tubule was present in 16 cases (9%) aged <10 years and germ cell in 4 cases (2%) aged <4 years. Neither malignant cell nor precancerous lesion was found. Conclusions The major pathological characteristics of testicular remnants are fibrosis, calcification and hemosiderin deposition. Only few cases contain parenchyma cells. Seminiferous tubule is absent in those aged >10 years, it means that sertoli cells disappeared. Germ cells are not present in those cases of older than the age of 4 patients. Germ cells with the tendency of developing into germinoma disappear. Neither malignant cell nor precancerous lesion is found. And the remnants of ETR have no pathological potential of developing into tumor (seminoma) after adolescence. Key words: Cryptorchidism; Embryonic testicular regression; Residue; Pathology
Personal laughter archives: reflection through visualization and interaction

We present our ongoing effort to capture, represent, and interact with the sounds of our loved ones' laughter in order to offer unique opportunities for us to celebrate the positive affect in our shared lived experiences. We present our informal evaluation of laughter visualizations and argue for applications in ubiquitous computing scenarios including Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR).
Archives in Neighborhood Businesses: A Case Study on Presence and Characteristics:

This article discusses the potential role archives play in supporting commercial activity in everyday non-institutional settings. It is based around an exploratory case study of archives’ presence ...
A phase II study of efficacy, toxicity, and the potential impact of genomic alterations on response to eribulin mesylate in combination with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ metastatic breast cancer.

There are limited data on trastuzumab–pertuzumab (HP)-based treatments beyond the first-line, HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) setting. We conducted a phase II study of eribulin mesylate, which extends survival in MBC, with HP in patients with previously treated HER2+ MBC to evaluate efficacy, toxicity, and genomic alterations driving therapeutic response. After a run-in phase for eribulin dosing, two cohorts were enrolled (Cohort A-no prior pertuzumab; Cohort B-prior pertuzumab). All patients received eribulin 1.4 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 with standard-dose HP on day 1 (21-day cycles). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Genomic characterization via whole exome sequencing (WES) was completed on tumor DNA and matched germline DNA from 19 patients. The six-patient run-in established a dose of eribulin 1.4 mg/m2 with HP. Cohorts A and B enrolled 17 and 7 patients, respectively. Accrual stopped early due to an evolving treatment landscape and slow enrollment. The ORR was 26.3% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 9.2–51.2%) in Cohort A and 0% in Cohort B (95% CI 0–41.0%). WES revealed more frequent alterations in TP53 (p 0.05) in patients without clinical benefit (disease control for < 24 weeks) which was not significant after multiple hypothesis correction. Eribulin–HP had manageable toxicity and modest clinical activity in patients without prior pertuzumab exposure. This study provides a preliminary landscape of somatic alterations in this patient cohort. Our data add to the literature on how genomic alterations may predict for therapy response/resistance, as we work to individualize choices in a quickly evolving HER2+ MBC treatment landscape. www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01912963. Registered 24 July 2013.
Robust Detection of Singularities in Vector Fields

Recent advances in computational science enable the creation of massive datasets of ever increasing resolution and complexity. Dealing effectively with such data requires new analysis techniques that are provably robust and that generate reproducible results on any machine. In this context, combinatorial methods become particularly attractive, as they are not sensitive to numerical instabilities or the details of a particular implementation. We introduce a robust method for detecting singularities in vector fields. We establish, in combinatorial terms, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a critical point in a cell of a simplicial mesh for a large class of interpolation functions. These conditions are entirely local and lead to a provably consistent and practical algorithm to identify cells containing singularities.
Information from the Beginning

Requiring black hole evaporation to be quantum-mechanically coherent imposes a universal, finite “holographic bound”, conjectured to be due to fundamental discreteness of quantized gravity, on the amount of information carried by any physical system. This bound is applied to the information budget in the standard slow-roll model of cosmic inflation. A simple estimate suggests that when quantum gravity is included, fluctuations during inflation have a discrete spectrum with a limited information content, only about 105 bits per mode, fixed by the inverse scalar perturbation amplitude. This scarcity of information may allow direct observation of quantum-gravity eigenmodes in the anisotropy of cosmic background radiation. “This is what we found out about Nature’s book keeping system: the data can be written onto a surface, and the pen with which the data are written has a finite size.” -Gerald ’t Hooft
Understanding Mechanisms of Cyclic Plastic Strain Accumulation under High Temperature Loading Conditions

In-depth analysis of deformation mechanisms, such as slip deformation and slip/twin interaction, on the micro-level can greatly enhance the understanding of the physics behind thermomechanical fatigue damage accumulation in ductile metals. This improved understanding is essential for the development of new fatigue models that are not phenomenological, and have better predictive capability than the current ones. Hastelloy X, a nickel based superalloy has been experimentally studied using multiscale experimentation under different cyclic plasticity and thermomechanical fatigue loading conditions. High resolution ex-situ Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was used to measure plastic strain accumulation as a function of load and temperature. By performing DIC experiments with sub-grain resolution we can relate the measured strain fields to the underlying microstructure through comparison with EBSD scans of the same region of interest. The results reveal a highly heterogeneous material response at the grain level and even at the sub-grain level with high strain concentrations at regions such as twin boundaries and triple points, and with strain variations even within particular grains. By making such measurements at regular intervals of load, the evolution of plastic strain during loading was observed. As loading increased heterogeneity also increased (i.e. regions with high strain became more strained and regions with low strain remained relatively unstrained).
Stochastic Structured Variational Inference

Stochastic variational inference makes it possible to approximate posterior distributions induced by large datasets quickly using stochastic optimization. The algorithm relies on the use of fully factorized variational distributions. However, this "mean-field" independence approximation limits the fidelity of the posterior approximation, and introduces local optima. We show how to relax the mean-field approximation to allow arbitrary dependencies between global parameters and local hidden variables, producing better parameter estimates by reducing bias, sensitivity to local optima, and sensitivity to hyperparameters.
Data on bilateral external positions, an insight into globalisation

During the past decade, cross-border financial transactions tripled to more than $7 trillion, reaching some 15% of world GDP in 2005. This led to a rapid accumulation of cross-border savings, which were channelled into a range of investments – portfolio equity and debt securities, direct investment, and other types of investment, including deposits with banks abroad. The growing cross-border financial linkages are reflected in a sharp increase in economies’ external assets and liabilities.
Frame Potentials and the Geometry of Frames

This paper concerns the geometric structure of optimizers for frame potentials. We consider finite, real or complex frames and rotation or unitarily invariant potentials, and mostly specialize to Parseval frames, meaning the frame potential to be optimized is a function on the manifold of Gram matrices belonging to finite Parseval frames. Next to the known classes of equal-norm and equiangular Parseval frames, we introduce equidistributed Parseval frames, which are more general than the equiangular type but have more structure than equal-norm ones. We also provide examples where this class coincides with that of Grassmannian frames, the minimizers for the maximal magnitude among inner products between frame vectors. These different types of frames are characterized in relation to the optimization of frame potentials. Based on results by Łojasiewicz, we show that the gradient descent for a real analytic frame potential on the manifold of Gram matrices belonging to Parseval frames always converges to a critical point. We then derive geometric structures associated with the critical points of different choices of frame potentials. The optimal frames for families of such potentials are thus shown to be equal-norm, or additionally equipartitioned, or even equidistributed.
Succinct indexes for reporting discriminating and generic words

We consider the problem of indexing a collection D of D strings (documents) of total n characters from an alphabet set of size ?, such that whenever a pattern P (of p characters) and an integer ? ? 1 , D ] come as a query, we can efficiently report all (i) maximal generic words and (ii) minimal discriminating words as defined below:maximal generic word is a maximal extension of P occurring in at least ? documents.minimal discriminating word is a minimal extension of P occurring in at most ? documents.These problems were introduced by Kucherov et al. (SPIRE) 8], they proposed indexes occupying O ( n log ? n ) bits with query times O ( p + output ) and O ( p + log ? log ? n + output ) for Problem (i) and Problem (ii) respectively. The query time for Problem (ii) is later improved to optimal O ( p + output ) by Gawrychowski et al. (SPIRE) 6]. In this paper, we describe succinct indexes of n log ? ? + o ( n log ? ? ) + O ( n ) bits space with near-optimal query times i.e., O ( p + log ? log ? n + output ) for both these problems.
The neuroscience of moral cognition: from dual processes to dynamic systems

Prominent theories of morality have integrated philosophy with psychology and biology. Although this approach has been highly generative, we argue that it does not fully capture the rich and dynamic nature of moral cognition. We review research from the dual-process tradition, in which moral intuitions are automatically elicited and reasoning is subsequently deployed to correct these initial intuitions. We then describe how the computations underlying moral cognition are diverse and widely distributed throughout the brain. Finally, we illustrate how social context modulates these computations, recruiting different systems for real (vs. hypothetical) moral judgments, examining the dynamic process by which moral judgments are updated. In sum, we advocate for a shift from dual-process to dynamic system models of moral cognition.
ZigBee-Assisted WiFi Transmission for Multi-interface Mobile Devices

It has been common for a mobile device to have WiFi and Bluetooth interfaces. As the ZigBee technology becomes more mature, it will not be surprising to see the ZigBee interface commonly embedded in mobile devices together with WiFi and other interfaces in the near future. To leverage the ZigBee interface for improving the communication performance of a mobile device, we propose a ZigBee-assisted WiFi transmission system where the ZigBee is used to coordinate the communication activities of WiFi to reduce contention and collision. A prototype of the proposed system and a detailed simulator of it have been implemented; extensive experiments and simulations have been conducted. The results show that, the proposed system can achieve significantly higher throughput and energy efficiency than the IEEE 802.11 protocol.
The Political and Economic Determinants of Trade Disputes under the WTO

This study developed a conceptual analysis based on an asymmetric deterrence game with incomplete information to analyze how trade disputes arise between a given pair of WTO members. We found that the probability of trade dispute is an increasing function of the level of subsidies curtailments sought by the challenger. We hypothesized the challenger’s demand is determined by the political and economic profiles of the countries involved. An empirical investigation of the roles of these political and economic variables yielded mixed results, highlighting, in some cases, the preeminence of political or economic heterogeneity within dyads and, in other, that of homogeneity. These findings were attributed to the shifting paradigm in international trade with the emergence of economic powers such as China, India, Korea, and Brazil, to name a few, with political and economic profiles different from those of traditional major players such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan.
Split TCP for mobile ad hoc networks

The fairness and throughput of TCP suffer when it is used in mobile ad hoc networks. This is because TCP wrongly attributes packet losses due to link failures (a consequence of mobility) to congestion. The resulting overall degradation of throughput especially affects connections with a large number of hops, where link failures are more likely; thus, short connections enjoy an unfair advantage. Furthermore, if the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is used, the problems are exacerbated due to the protocol-induced capture effect, leading to greater unfairness and a further throughput degradation. We develop a scheme, called split TCP, which separates the TCP functions of congestion control and reliable packet delivery. For any TCP connection, certain nodes along the route take up the role of being proxies for that connection. The proxies buffer packets upon receipt and administer rate control. The buffering enables dropped packets to be recovered from the most recent proxy. The rate control helps in controlling congestion on inter-proxy segments. Thus, we emulate shorter TCP connections and can thereby achieve better parallelism in the network. Simulations show that the use of proxies improves the total throughput by as much as 30% in typical scenarios and reduces unfairness significantly. In terms of an unfairness metric that we introduce, the unfairness decreases from 0.8 to 0.2 (1.0 being the maximum unfairness). We conclude that incorporating TCP proxies is beneficial in terms of improving TCP performance in ad hoc networks.
Nonstandard solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation

Explicit solutions of the quantum Yang–Baxter equation are given corresponding to the non-unitary solutions of the classical Yang–Baxter equation for sl(5).