cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-concept differences as a function of private self-consciousness and social anxiety☆

Abstract The present study investigated the self-concepts of 80 individuals who were either high or low in private self-consciousness and either high or medium to low in social anxiety. Subjects responded to self-report questionnaires and, in addition, their friends evaluated them. When subjects' self-ratings were compared with their friends' ratings of them, as predicted, high private self-conscious persons evaluated themselves more in line with their friends' evaluations of them than did the low private self-conscious individuals; subjects who were low in both private self-consciousness and social anxiety tended to evaluate themselves more favorably, while low private self-conscious, high socially anxious subjects evaluated themselves more unfavorably. Based on these interaction effects and on the main effects of private self-consciousness and social anxiety, it appears that low private self-conscious individuals' inattention to private thoughts and feelings helps them to maintain self-concepts that are discrepant with what significant others think of them. The implications of these findings were discussed in terms of current theory in self-awareness and social anxiety
Regulation of actin polymerization by villin, a 95,000 dalton cytoskeletal component of intestinal brush borders

Abstract A 95,000 dalton actin-binding polypeptide, villin, has been purified to 98% homogeneity from brush border cytoskeletons of chicken intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro, this protein exerts control over the polymerization of actin. In the presence of villin, the lag phase preceding detectable actin polymerization is shortened and the steady state equilibrium viscosity is reduced in proportion to the amount of villin present. A molar ratio of villin:actin of 1:40 results in a 70% reduction of the Ostwald viscosity. Significant effects can be detected at a ratio of 1:600. These ratios are physiologically relevant because the ratio of villin:actin in brush borders is 1:13 and in isolated microvilli is 1:9–12. Reduction of viscosity is mirrored by an increase in the amount of protein which fails to sediment at 150,000 × g for 60 min. An assay of the nonsedimentable protein for actin monomers by the inhibition of DNAase I showed that the concentration of monomer was not significantly altered by the presence of villin. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained, nonsedimentable actin demonstrated that the presence of villin during actin polymerization results in the production of short oligomers which cannot anneal with each other to form long filaments. Villin is also effective in reducing the viscosity of F-actin when it is added to a fully polymerized actin sample. In view of these striking properties, villin is likely to be an important in vivo regulator of cytoskeletal structure and, by implication, of cell shape and motility.
Genetic aspects of alcoholism

The importance of genetic factors in alcoholism is supported by family, twin, and adoption studies. The four-fold increased risk for this disorder in adopted-away sons of alcoholics supports the need for studies attempting to identify biologic and genetic factors that influence the future risk for alcoholism. Some methodological issues inherent in the search for markers of a predisposition toward alcoholism are reviewed and the results of studies of children of alcoholics are presented. Two potentially important findings include the decreased intensity of reaction to alcohol challenges in these high-risk young men, and the possibility that they demonstrate small amplitudes of the P300 brain wave. Some clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
Millennials in the Workplace: A Conceptual Analysis of Millennials' Leadership and Followership Styles

The Millennial Generation in the workplace has received increasing attention as it has been shown that Millennials demonstrate different attitudes, values, beliefs, and aspirations in the workplace compared to the previous generations. Although a number of studies have devoted to the investigation of Millennials, the leadership and followership styles exhibited by Millennials at work has been largely neglected. Thus, the major purpose of this article is to develop a conceptual framework that explores Millennials’ leadership and followership styles in the workplace. By examining Millennials in the context of leadership and followership, this article provides important theoretical and practical implications.
Crystal structures of human TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 (AS160) RabGTPase-activating protein (RabGAP) domains reveal critical elements for GLUT4 translocation.

We have solved the x-ray crystal structures of the RabGAP domains of human TBC1D1 and human TBC1D4 (AS160), at 2.2 and 3.5 A resolution, respectively. Like the yeast Gyp1p RabGAP domain, whose structure was solved previously in complex with mouse Rab33B, the human TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 domains both have 16 α-helices and no β-sheet elements. We expected the yeast Gyp1p RabGAP/mouse Rab33B structure to predict the corresponding interfaces between cognate mammalian RabGAPs and Rabs, but found that residues were poorly conserved. We further tested the relevance of this model by Ala-scanning mutagenesis, but only one of five substitutions within the inferred binding site of the TBC1D1 RabGAP significantly perturbed catalytic efficiency. In addition, substitution of TBC1D1 residues with corresponding residues from Gyp1p did not enhance catalytic efficiency. We hypothesized that biologically relevant RabGAP/Rab partners utilize additional contacts not described in the yeast Gyp1p/mouse Rab33B structure, which we predicted using our two new human TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 structures. Ala substitution of TBC1D1 Met930, corresponding to a residue outside of the Gyp1p/Rab33B contact, substantially reduced catalytic activity. GLUT4 translocation assays confirmed the biological relevance of our findings. Substitutions with lowest RabGAP activity, including catalytically dead RK and Met930 and Leu1019 predicted to perturb Rab binding, confirmed that biological activity requires contacts between cognate RabGAPs and Rabs beyond those in the yeast Gyp1p RabGAP/mouse Rab33B structure.
Craft and Librarianship: A Reconsideration of the Sources of Librarian Job Satisfaction

ABSTRACT This article surveyed the sources of job satisfaction among 1,833 library and information science (LIS) master's program graduates in North Carolina from 1964–2009. The study examined the effects of traditional work-related variables such as income, flexibility, co-workers, fringe benefits, and setting on job satisfaction. In addition, the analysis introduces variables related to the notion of craft, professional achievement, and family dynamics to determine what impact they have. Craft combines the wish to perform one's work well independent of extrinsic factors or influences and the desire of the worker to create a quality final outcome or product. The major finding of the study is that craft and professional achievement are the largest determinants of job satisfaction among LIS graduates. Meanwhile, variables such as marital status, whether or not one has children, and breadwinner status had no discernible effect. Supportive co-workers, being a woman, and membership in professional organizatio...
Radial void fraction correlation for annular packed beds

The purpose of this study is to calculate radial void fraction distributions of equal sized spheres in annular packed beds (APBs) and to obtain a radial void fraction correlation from these distributions that can be incorporated in APB transport models.
Advances in the Projective Dynamics Method: A Procedure of Discretizing the Space applied to Markovian Processes

Abstract The projection of a continuous space process to a discrete space process via the transition rates between neighboring bins allows us to relate a master equation to a solution of a stochastic differential equation. The presented method is formulated in its general form for the first time and tested with the Brownian Diffusion process of noninteracting particles with white noise in simple one-dimensional potentials. The comparison of the first passage time obtained with Projective Dynamics, Brownian motion simulations and analytical solutions show the accuracy of this method as well as a wide independence of the particular choice of the binning process.
FLUORESCENCE STUDY OF THE PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A BENZO(A)PYRENE7,8‐DIHYDRODIOL9,10‐OXIDE DERIVATIVE BOUND COVALENTLY TO DNA

— Covalent complexes between7,8-dihydrodiol 9.10-oxide benzo(a)pyrene (BPDE) and DNA with a modification of one BPDE molecule per 1000 DNA bases were prepared in vitro. The same stereoselective and chemically homogeneous binding of BPDE to native DNA was observed, as reported earlier for human and bovine bronchial explants. The fluorescence of the pyrene-like aromatic moiety of BPDE bound to DNA in vitro was used as a probe of the microenvironment of the BPDE molecule in order to obtain information about the structure of the BPDE-DNA complex dissolved in aqueous solution. Fluorescence techniques, based on the quenching of the singlet excited states by metal ions such as Ag+, by iodide ions, and by molecular oxygen are described, which provide a method for differentiating between external and internal (intercalation) binding of polycyclic aromatic molecules to DNA. Silver ions, which bind specifically to DNA bases, exhibit a strong quenching effect on noncovalently bound, intercalated benzo(a)pyrene; on the other hand, there is no quenching effect on the fluorescence of BPDE in the covalent DNA adduct. Quenchers such as O2 and iodide ions, which do not specifically bind to DNA and are dissolved in the solution external to the DNA molecule, exhibit a quenching effect on the BPDE chromophore. Furthermore, the fluorescence yield of the BPDE-DNA complex decreases with increasing DNA concentration, an effect which is not observed with non-covalently bound intercalated benzo(a)pyrene-DNA complexes, and which is attributed to intermolecular DNA-DNA interactions. The results of these studies indicate that the pyrene-like chromophore in the covalent BPDE-DNA complex is not intercalated between the base pairs, and that it is located in an accessible region external to the DNA helix. Possible structures are discussed.
Baby boomers susceptibility to nostalgia

The findings of this study disconfirm the sociological notion that baby boomers are more susceptible to nostalgic media products from specific decades. Using a sample of 489 respondents, a sociological model was tested for seven age groups and four decades of television programs. A subsequent sample of 128 baby boomers demonstrated no significant relationship to reruns from the 1950s and exhibited a significant negative relationship to reruns from the 1960s.
Generalization of Falk's theorem and the i-δ relations

Abstract The i -δ relations are proved exact for structures wherein the neighbours of δ are not necessarily points of articulation, by generalizing Theorem I of Falk. An alternative proof and generalization of Theorem II of Falk is outlined regarding the decomposition of even-spin correlation functions on a Cayley tree: the conditions now allow the interaction constants J jl to vary from pair to pair.
A Review of Three Significant Wake Lows over Alabama and Georgia

AbstractThe kinematics and thermodynamics of wake lows have been extensively examined in the literature. However, there has been relatively little focus on the widespread, sometimes very strong winds associated with wake lows. Some wake lows are, essentially, severe local storms, producing widespread and sometimes intense damage, similar to that of a derecho, but they occur in environments supporting elevated convection, a phenomenon not often perceived as a significant wind damage threat. Three significant wake lows that affected Alabama and/or Georgia, producing widespread (25 000–50 000 km2) wind damage, and local wind gusts near 25 m s−1, are reviewed in detail. The environments and morphology of the wake lows are addressed, using radar, surface, and upper-air data.
193 nm excimer laser photochemistry of benzene in argon matrices

Abstract Reactions of C6H6 and C6D6 after 193 nm excimer laser irradiation have been studied by the trapping of products into an argon matrix at 14 K. IR spectroscopy was used to identify the product species; most were known species arising from either isomerization or fragmentation. The ratio of isomerization product to fragmentation product was seen to vary as a function of sample concentration. Addition of Cl2 as an electron trap to aid in cation formation led to a number of chlorinated benzene species as well as biphenyl. A set of bands was also observed that could be photobleached by a mercury arc lamp; these bands may be due either to C6H6+ or to the σ complex C6H6Cl+. Parallel experiments with C6D6 were conducted in support of these observations.
Morphology and Sediments of a Portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

In October 1964, a detailed geophysical and sampling survey was made of the central part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 22° and 23° north latitude. The results indicate a large difference in age between the relief of the crest and that of the flanks of the Ridge and suggest that the crest portion is very young. Detailed surveys of two sediment-filled valleys on the upper western flank of the Ridge reveal different sedimentary sequences in the two valleys and indicate the probable existence of a locally controlled depositional regime and a significant local supply of sediment.
Channeling Radiation as a Source of Hard X-rays with High Spectral Brilliance

Roentgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895 opened up a new window on the physical world. Beginning with Bragg's introduction of crystallography in 1912, Moseley's ordering of the chemical elements in 1913, and Compton's discovery of the momentum of a photon in 1923, much of what we've learned about physics, chemistry, and biology in the last century has been discovered using X-rays. X-rays are now an indispensable tool in materials science and protein crystallography. In medicine, too, we've progressed from Roentgen's first shadow images of the bones in his hand to 3-D computerized tomography.
Making Things to Have Happened

In his questioning of neurosis and its different types (phobic, hysterical and obsessional), Lacan explicitly invited his students to return to the categories of demand and desire that he had differentiated. He did that from a theoretical point of view as well as from the perspective of their handling in analytic practice. As he states in his seminar on the formations of the unconscious, it is a question of making of demand and desire something 'usual' - of 'everyday usage'. (Lacan, 1998) Yet a definition of neurosis founded on the concepts of demand and desire has a political implication, something that concerns the aim and the direction of psychoanalytic treatment. In effect, let us bear in mind that among the psychoanalysts of the post-war period the register of demand had been the only register that counted. Lacan noticed this and criticized it: the dimension of desire must be added. Now, what lies between the two of them, demand and desire? A different conception of the object. During 1957 and 1958 Lacan conceptualized neurosis, its structure and its treatment, on the basis of an opposition that concerned the definition of the object in psychoanalysis.
Broader implications: Biological and clinical significance of microtubule acetylation

Microtubule acetylation is a key posttranslational modification that enhances organelle transport, drives cell signaling, and regulates cell cycle regulation. The optimal level of microtubule acetylation is regulated by the acetyltransferase alpha-tubulin-N-acetyltransferase 1and two deacetylases, histone deacetylase 6 and sirtuin-2. Alterations in microtubule acetyla- tion levels have been associated with the pathophysiology of a number of diseases, including various forms of neurodegenerative conditions, cancer, and even cystic fibrosis. In this review, we will highlight the biological and clinical significance of microtubule acetylation and the potential of targeting this pathway for therapeutics.
Effects of carbaryl on the metabolism of androgens in the prostate and liver of the mouse

Abstract Carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate), a carbamate pesticide, was investigated with regard to its effects on certain metabolic aspects of the male mouse reproductive system. A 5 day period of treatment with carbaryl had little effect on the ability of the anterior prostate gland to biotransform testosterone-1,2-3H to its major nonpolar radiometabolites in vitro. This 5 day treatment period resulted in alterations in hepatic hydroxytestosterone-3H derivatives; carbaryl significantly increased 16α-hydroxytestosterone-3H. The in vitro incubation of carbaryl with prostate tissue and testosterone-1,2-3H resulted in a stimulation of dihydrotestosterone-3H formation, suggesting a direct action of carbaryl on prostatic steroidogenesis.
Joint PDF calculations of a non-equilibrium turbulent diffusion flame

We report calculations of a syngas turbulent diffusion flame. The calculations are based on the Monte Carlo solution of a modelled transport equation for the joint probability density function (pdf) of the velocity and two scalar variables ξ and η. In the thermochemical model, ξ is the mixture fraction and η is a reaction progress variable. The usual two-body reactions (including CO + OH⇆CO 2 + H) are assumed to be in partial equilibrium, while the three-body eecombination reactions procceed at a finite rate. The calculations are compared to the, available experimental data and also to previous calculations based on an assumed joint pdf of ξ and η. In general there is good agreement, between the calculations and the measurements of major species concentrations and of mean and rms OH concentrations. However, in the rich parts of the flame there are discrepancies in the calculated CO and OH concentrations which are most likely due to the assumption that CO is in partial equilibrium. The present calculations show some improvement over those based on an assumed pdf. It is found that ξ and η are highly correlated, contrary to one postulate of the assumed pdf model.
Archean Tectonics and Magmatism

The Earth began to form ∼4.56 Ga, and probably was entirely molten about 4.45 Ga and likely also before. Felsic igneous rocks of unknown provenance were in the crust by 4.3 Ga (clastic zircons to 4.3 Ga in <3.0 Ga quartzites, and relict zircons to 4.0 Ga in migmatites stabilized <3.6 Ga). Lunar analogy requires that the entire surface of the Earth was recycled by impact melting and brecciation before 3.9 Ga, and greatly modified until 3.8 Ga, but no certain relics of this history have been identified. When the fog clears and Archean time proper begins, at ∼3.6 Ga, the oldest granite-and-greenstone terrains are beginning to form. The granite-and-greenstone terrains that dominate the upper crust, formed from ∼3.6 to 2.6 Ga, record magmatic and tectonic processes that have no close younger analogues. They indicate heat loss by the Archean Earth primarily by voluminous magmatism. The upper mantle was 200°C, perhaps 300°C, hotter than at present. Magmatism in the granite-and-greenstone terrains began with regi...
Nature of ThF bonding in crystalline and glassy states using EXAFS and XANES

Abstract A binary glass of thorium and hafnium tetrafluorides (with dopant concentrations of LaF3) has been investigated using EXAFS and XANES analysis of the LIll edge spectra of thorium. Results of EXAFS analysis indicate that there is no change in the number of nearest neighbors of thorium ions. However, the intensity of the white line in XANES is significantly higher in the glass. This increase in intensity has been explained semiquantitatively in terms of enhanced covalency of ThF bonding. Since the coordination number of Th4+ remains constant in both crystalline and glassy states, covalency enhancement seems to be a general characteristic of glassy state of ionic materials.
Knowledge for what? An examination of the uses and users of social science research

The papers presented in this issue deal with the relationship between social science knowledge and social service practice. In the introduction Garbarino set the stage for putting knowledge to work for children and youth. The presentations that followed amplified his suggestions and gave us some procedures for translating knowledge into action. Several themes emerge from these contributions to provide a perspective on how to unify research and practice. The first of these themes is that we must accumulate a knowledge base that is relevant to practice. Urban highlighted the way practices that do not rely on the systematic collection of information are likely to be low in efficiency and high in cost. All the authors convey the importance of the knowledge side of the research service equation. Making research relevant to policy is more problematic. Some argue that research cannot be made relevant to policy since policy really deals in values while research deals in “facts.” We will extend this argument later in this discussion. Here we submit simply that policy, applied research, and practice must be interrelated in the service of children and youth. Research serves to help policy
Immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements in primary brain lymphomas. A study using PCR to amplify CDR-III†

Primary brain lymphomas (PBLs) have only rarely been analysed for immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) rearrangements. In this study, DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks in 23 cases of PBL and examined for IgH rearrangements using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the complementarity-determining region III (CDR-III) of rearranged IgH genes. Fifteen of the cases were phenotyped on paraffin-embedded tissue using a pan-B and pan-T antibody (L26 and UCHL-1, respectively). The remaining eight cases were not phenotyped for lack of tissue. For comparison, we used DNA extracted from paraffin blocks of normal brain, lymph nodes with lymphoid hyperplasia, and non-lymphoid malignancies. PCR products were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Among the ten B-cell PBL; four had a pattern indicative of IgH rearrangement, one had a germline pattern, and five had no detectable PCR products. Among the five T-cell PBLs, one had a germline pattern and four had no detectable products. Among the eight untyped PBLs, two had IgH rearrangement, four had a germline pattern, and two gave no detectable products. DNA from non-lymphoid tissues gave a consistent germline pattern, while DNA from polyclonal lymphoid populations (lymph node) had a pattern of polyclonal IgH rearrangement. In a dilution study, a clonal rearrangement could be detected as long as the clone's DNA constituted at least 10 per cent of the total DNA. PCR to amplify CDR-III can be successfully applied to DNA extracted from paraffin blocks, and it detected a clonal rearrangement in 50 per cent of cases that gave a detectable pattern. This allows clonality analysis of tissue unsuitable for conventional Southern blot analysis. Furthermore, B-cell PBLs have IgH rearrangements similar to those of extracranial B-cell neoplasms.
Do Marginal Employment Subsidies Increase Re‐Employment Probabilities? Preliminary Results on the Experiment of the Agenzia del Lavoro of Trento (Italy)

Absfracf. The purpose of this paper is to test whether a Marginal Employment Subsidy program (MES) is effective in reducing the length of unemployment spells. Our test is constructed in such a way as to isolate the direct effect of the MES from the business cycle effect (i.e. the variation in unemployment that would have normally occurred in the absence of the program). Specifically, we estimate a Markov chain duration model with time-varying covariates and we test if eligibility for an MES increases the hazard rate of leaving unemployment. One of the time-varying covariates is an index of macroeconomic performance that controls for the variation in the hazard rate due to business cycle fluctuations. The net effect of the MES offered by the Agenzia del Lavoro of Trento. Italy, is shown to be significantly positive: the Marginal Employment Subsidy program increases the re-employment probability and reduces the expected duration of unemployment by twenty one months.
Pay by the bit: an information-theoretic metric for collective human judgment

We consider the problem of evaluating the performance of human contributors for tasks involving answering a series of questions, each of which has a single correct answer. The answers may not be known a priori. We assert that the measure of a contributor's judgments is the amount by which having these judgments decreases the entropy of our discovering the answer. This quantity is the pointwise mutual information between the judgments and the answer. The expected value of this metric is the mutual information between the contributor and the answer prior, which can be computed using only the prior and the conditional probabilities of the contributor's judgments given a correct answer, without knowing the answers themselves. We also propose using multivariable information measures, such as conditional mutual information, to measure the interactions between contributors' judgments. These metrics have a variety of applications. They can be used as a basis for contributor performance evaluation and incentives. They can be used to measure the efficiency of the judgment collection process. If the collection process allows assignment of contributors to questions, they can also be used to optimize this scheduling.
Association of MS Pi phenotype with airway hyperresponsiveness.

Asthmatic families (AFs) and normal families (NFs) were studied to determine the relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and a,-antitrypsin protease inhibitor phenotype. We studied IgE levels, skin test scores, and methacholine sensitivity. In both the AF and NF groups, the subjects with the MS phenotype had significantly greater methacholine-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness sensitivity than the MM and MZ subjects. These findings suggest that the S allele may be associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
The Men and Women of Yeshiva: Higher Education, Orthodoxy, and American Judaism

This volume is a comprehensive encyclopedia of leaders and officials of governments, international organizations, political parties, and military institutions. Based on years of research in archives and institutions around the world, and particularly authoritative on Asia and the Pacific, this bilingual (Japanese / English) compilation will be a resource for researchers, journalists, and government officials worldwide.
Movement of Tritiated Water in the Root System of Helianthus annuus in the Presence and Absence of Transpiration.

22. SIMPSON, F. J., M. J. WOLIN, AND W. A. WOOD. 1958. Degradation of L-arabinose by Aerobacter aerogenes. I. A pathway involving phosphorylated intermediates. J. Biol. Chem. 230: 457-72. 23. SMITH, I. 1958. Amino acids, amines and related compounds. In: Chromatographic Techniques. I. Smith, ed. William Heinemann Medical Books, Ltd., London. p 169. 24. STARLINGER, P. 1963. The formation of galactokinase in cells of Escherichia coli after infection with the transducing X bacteriophage. J. MoI. Biol. 6: 128-36. 25. STUMPF, P. K. AND B. L. HORECKER. 1956. The role of xylulose-5-phosphate in xylose metabolismii of Lactobacillus pen tosus. J. Biol. Chem. 218: 753-68. 26. TOUSTER, 0. 1962. Dand L-threo-pentulose (Dand L-xylulose). In: Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry. R. L. Whistler and M. L. Wolfrom, eds. Academic Press, New York. Vol. I, p 98-101. 27. WANG, C. H., W. P. DOYLE, AND J. C. RAMSEY. 1962. Role of hexose monophosphate pathway in tomato catabolism. Plant Physiol. 37: 1-7. 28. WILLIAM, K. T. AND A. BEVENUE. 1951. The chromatographic exam,ination of sugars in wheat flour. Cereal Chem. 28: 416-23.
The effect of specific adsorption of ions and underpotential deposition of copper on the electro-oxidation of methanol on platinum single-crystal surfaces

Abstract The specific adsorption of anions in acid electrolytes containing sulfuric and hydrochloric acids was found to have a strongly inhibiting effect on the rate of methanol electro-oxidation on both the (111) and (100) surfaces of platinum. The effect was much stronger in hydrochloric acid, requiring approximately three orders of magnitude higher concentration of sulfuric acid to achieve the same inhibiting effect (and surface coverage by adsorbed anion). Cl− adsorption isotherms were measured using the emersion technique and ex situ Auger electron spectroscopy analysis. The mechanism of inhibition appeared to be similar for both anions. On the (111) surface, anion adsorption was found to proceed in two stages, one coupled to hydrogen desorption producing a co-adsorbed state, and a second stage of adsorption at more positive potentials into the anion adlattice from which hydrogen has been desorbed. The second stage process on Pt(100) is different, occurring at more positive potentials than on Pt(111) and concurrent with OH formation. Completion of the second stage of adsorption appears to produce the inhibition that causes a current peak to be observed in the voltammetry of methanol in acids containing these anions. Underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper in acids containing these electrolytes caused strong additional inhibition of the methanol oxidation rate. The effect was attributed to induced anion adsorption on platinum atoms near to the UPD copper atoms due to a lowering of the local pzc by the copper adatoms.
Changing behaviour and promoting well-being after heart attack: A social action theory approach

Heart attack survivors face a number of behavioural and psychological difficulties that often go undetected during routine care. Chief among these are unrealistic fears about resuming normal work and recreational activities, and problems adhering to guidelines concerning physical exercise, diet, and other lifestyle changes. Clinical assessment and intervention methods developed for psychiatric populations are ill-suited to problems experienced by the vast majority of cardiac patients. A social action theory of health behaviour change suggests specific techniques for enhancing well-being and altering behavioural risk factors in persons with heart disease. Methods to measure and modify patient self-efficacy appraisals. and a conjoint approach involving members of the patient’s family, are central features of the social action model. These methods can be applied in the course of routine medical care at clinic visits and via follow-up telephone contacts.
Video cases and the development of meaning making in preservice teachers

Abstract The present study inquired into the possible effects of work with video-mediated cases on the meaning preservice teacher education students make of vignettes of classroom teaching and learning. Its general approach was to stimulate verbal descriptions by Respondents of the meaning they make of a particular video-recording and then to examine these descriptions for evidence of differences in meaning-making that appeared to develop as a result of participation in a group-based examination of a video-mediated case. The data were analyzed first to identify the central ideas raised by each group of three Respondents during their discussion. The manner in which each Respondent treated each of these central ideas was then examined in their individual pre-intervention and post-intervention interviews, thus revealing the manner, if any, in which the experience of participating in a group discussion of a video-mediated case of teaching/learning might influcence the ways in which the discussant, when thinking individually and apart from her colleagues, understood or made meaning of the video vignette. Results are discussed in terms of their importance to educational researchers who are interested in new approaches to understanding the effects of interventions such as video-mediated cases and to teacher educators to whom they offer new and different conceptual tools for understanding what happens during the implementation of such an intervention.
LIFE HISTORIES OF TWO POPULATIONS OF THE IMPERILED CRAYFISH ORCONECTES (PROCERICAMBARUS) WILLIAMSI (DECAPODA: CAMBARIDAE) IN SOUTHWESTERN MISSOURI, U.S.A.

The imperiled Williams’ Crayfish, Orconectes williamsi Fitzpatrick, 1966 is endemic to southwestern Missouri and northwestern Arkansas, U.S.A., an area experiencing rapid urbanization and other land use changes. Populations of O. williamsi in two small streams were studied for 26 months to describe annual reproductive cycles, and gather information about fecundity, sex ratio, size at maturity, size-class structure, and growth. We captured a monthly average of more than 120 O. williamsi from each of the two study populations. The life history of O. williamsi appeared generally similar to what has been reported for several other stream-dwelling species of Orconectes. Breeding season occurred in mid to late autumn and perhaps into early winter. Egg brooding occurred during late winter and early spring, although it was difficult to locate females carrying eggs or hatchlings. Young of year first appeared in samples during May and June. We estimated that these populations of O. williamsi contained 3 or 4 size-classes; smaller O. williamsi grew faster than larger individuals and the mean specific growth rate was about 2% per day during summer. Life history information presented herein will be important if expected future conservation efforts are required.
Balloon dilatation of prostate: Keys to sustained favorable results

Seventy-seven patients with small prostates (less than 40 g) and significant obstructive symptomatology were treated using balloon dilatation of the prostate (BDP) with a sized-to-fit intra-prostatic balloon. Eighty-seven percent of the patients experienced a 50 percent or greater decrease in symptom score at longest follow-up (12.0 months, average: 3-24 months, range). Forty-nine percent of the patients had a 50 percent or greater improvement in peak uroflow. An anterior commissurotomy through the fibromuscular stroma was consistently found and is the hallmark of a technical and therapeutic success. No cases of incontinence, retrograde ejaculation, or impotence developed. When properly performed, BDP has a place in the spectrum of BPH treatment alternatives.
The relationship between quitting smoking and changes in drinking in World War II veteran twins

Smoking has been associated with the intake of alcohol, and abstinence from tobacco has been hypothesized to increase alcohol intake. There is no consensus, however, on the extent of changes in alcohol intake following withdrawal from nicotine. The current study of a large cohort (n = 5,510) of World War II male veteran twins examined, prospectively, changes in drinking in relation to changes in smoking over a 16-year time period in late adulthood. Self-reported histories of smoking habits obtained from two surveys, administered in 1967–1969 and in 1983–1985, allowed the classification of subjects into continuing smokers (n = 1,441), quitters (n = 1,760), and continuing nonsmokers (n = 2,309). Analyses of the change in alcohol consumption over the period of follow-up, after adjustment for baseline consumption, socioeconomic variables, and health status, found: (1) a significant but moderate increase in alcohol consumption in quitters, due to an increase in wine consumption; (2) a significant marked increase in alcohol consumption in continuing smokers due to an increase in consumption of spirits; and (3) no significant change in alcohol consumption in continuing nonsmokers. These findings indicate that smoking cessation, a behavior change that promotes health, is associated with an increase in alcohol consumption, which may have other adverse long-term effects on health in this cohort.
Generic consequences of a supersymmetric U(1) gauge factor at the TeV scale

We consider an arbitrary supersymmetric U(1) gauge factor at the TeV scale, under which the two Higgs superfields ${H}_{1,2}$ of the standard model are nontrivial. We assume that there is a singlet superfield $S$ such that ${H}_{1}{H}_{2}S$ is an allowed term in the superpotential. We discuss first the generic consequences of this hypothesis on the structure of the two-doublet Higgs sector at the electroweak energy scale, as well as $Z$-${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mixing and the neutralino sector. We then assume the existence of a grand unified symmetry and universal soft supersymmetry-breaking terms at that scale. We further assume that the additional U(1) is broken radiatively via a superpotential term of the form ${\mathrm{hh}}^{c}S$, where $h$ and ${h}^{c}$ are exotic color-triplet fields which appear in E${}_{6}$ models. We show that the U(1)-breaking scale and the parameter $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\equiv}{v}_{2}{/v}_{1}$ are then both predicted as functions of the ${H}_{1}{H}_{2}S$ coupling.
Meal-Induced Changes in Hepatic Glycogen of Fasted Rats

Abstract Hepatic metabolism of glucose and other nutrients influences feeding behavior. The present study was conducted to confirm prandial decreases in hepatic glycogen concentrations following a short-term fast. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fasted 6–12 h during the light phase before having access to chow for one or two 20-min meals at the beginning of the dark phase. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in hepatic and portal venous blood and hepatic glycogen concentrations prior to and at the end of each meal were compared. Glucose concentration in the hepatic vein was greater than that in the portal vein prior to the meals but not at the end of the meal. Insulin levels were higher in the portal vein than the hepatic vein pre- and postprandially. Hepatic glycogen concentrations increased after each meal in younger (2-month-old) rats but not older (6-month-old) rats. Fasting levels of hepatic glycogen were lower in the younger rats than the older rats; however, the increase in hepatic glycogen was not due to differences in baseline glycogen concentrations at the start of the meal. The reported prandial decreases in hepatic glycogen of fasted rats were not apparent in this study. Because of the difference between 2- and 6-month-old rats in periprandial hepatic glycogen metabolism after a short-term fast, the age of the animal needs to be considered if the dynamics of liver glycogen metabolism are to be incorporated into a model of food intake regulation.
Reduced glomerular filtration and enhanced bicarbonate reabsorption maintain metabolic alkalosis in humans

The mechanism that sustains chloride-depletion metabolic alkalosis is presumed to be a stimulation of renal acidification, so that the elevated filtered bicarbonate load that attends hyperbicarbonatemia is completely reabsorbed. However, such enhancement of renal bicarbonate reabsorption is not necessary to maintain hyperbicarbonatemia if the filtered bicarbonate load is not increased owing to a concomitant reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To assess the relative contributions of enhanced renal bicarbonate reabsorption and reduced GFR in the maintenance of chloride-depletion alkalosis in humans, selective hydrochloric acid depletion was induced in five normal subjects. Plasma bicarbonate concentration increased by 27% (25.3 +/- 0.1 to 32.1 +/- 0.3 mEq/liter, P less than 0.005), whereas the rate of renal bicarbonate reabsorption increased by only 17% (2.7 +/- 0.1 to 3.2 +/- 0.2 mEq/min, P less than 0.05) owing to a 10% reduction in GFR (93.2 +/- 4.4 to 84.3 +/- 4.1 ml/min, P less than 0.01). Thus, in chloride-depletion metabolic alkalosis in humans, the increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration is not attended by a commensurate increase in filtered bicarbonate and rate of renal bicarbonate reabsorption. Both a reduction in GFR and an enhancement of renal bicarbonate reabsorption contribute to maintenance of the alkalotic state.
High-fidelity MCNP modeling of a D-T neutron generator for active interrogation of special nuclear material

Abstract Fast and robust methods for interrogation of special nuclear material (SNM) are of interest to many agencies and institutions in the United States. It is well known that passive interrogation methods are typically sufficient for plutonium identification because of a relatively high neutron production rate from 240Pu [1] . On the other hand, identification of shielded uranium requires active methods using neutron or photon sources [2] . Deuterium–deuterium (2.45 MeV) and deuterium–tritium (14.1 MeV) neutron-generator sources have been previously tested and proven to be relatively reliable instruments for active interrogation of nuclear materials [3] , [4] . In addition, the newest generators of this type are small enough for applications requiring portable interrogation systems. Active interrogation techniques using high-energy neutrons are being investigated as a method to detect hidden SNM in shielded containers [4] , [5] . Due to the thickness of some containers, penetrating radiation such as high-energy neutrons can provide a potential means of probing shielded SNM. In an effort to develop the capability to assess the signal seen from various forms of shielded nuclear materials, the University of Michigan Neutron Science Laboratory’s D–T neutron generator and its shielding were accurately modeled in MCNP. The generator, while operating at nominal power, produces approximately 1×1010 neutrons/s, a source intensity which requires a large amount of shielding to minimize the dose rates around the generator. For this reason, the existing shielding completely encompasses the generator and does not include beam ports. Therefore, several MCNP simulations were performed to estimate the yield of uncollided 14.1-MeV neutrons from the generator for active interrogation experiments. Beam port diameters of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm were modeled to assess the resulting neutron fluxes. The neutron flux outside the beam ports was estimated to be approximately 2×104 n/cm2 s.
Simultaneous state and parameter estimation of scalar multiplicative noise systems

In this paper we describe a maximum a posteriori likelihood (MAPL) state and parameter estimator for a scalar discrete-time system with multiplicative noise. We develop a MAPL function and show that its maximization leads to parameter estimation equations which are coupled together with a nonlinear two-point boundary-value problem (b. v. p.) from which we obtain state estimates. We present an iterative procedure for obtaining MAPL estimates which decouples the state and parameter estimates. Simulation results, which illustrate convergence properties of the iterative procedure, are included.
Effect of coniine on the developing chick embryo

Coniine, an alkaloid from Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), has been shown to be teratogenic in livestock. The major teratogenic outcome is arthrogryposis, presumably due to nicotinic receptor blockade. However, coniine has failed to produce arthrogryposis in rats or mice and is only weakly teratogenic in rabbits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of coniine and nicotine in the developing chick. Concentrations of coniine and nicotine sulfate were 0.015%, 0.03%, 0.075%, 0.15%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 3%, and 6% and 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. Both compounds caused deformations and lethality in a dose-dependent manner. All concentrations of nicotine sulfate caused some lethality but a no effect level for coniine lethality was 0.75%. The deformations caused by both coniine and nicotine sulfate were excessive flexion or extension of one or more toes. No histopathological alterations or differences in bone formation were seen in the limbs or toes of any chicks from any group; however, extensive cranial hemorrhage occurred in all nicotine sulfate-treated chicks. There was a statistically significant (P < or = 0.01) decrease in movement in coniine and nicotine sulfate treated chicks as determined by ultrasound. Control chicks were in motion an average of 33.67% of the time, while coniine-treated chicks were only moving 8.95% of a 5-min interval, and no movement was observed for nicotine sulfate treated chicks. In summary, the chick embryo provides a reliable and simple experimental animal model of coniine-induced arthrogryposis. Data from this model support a mechanism involving nicotinic receptor blockade with subsequent decreased fetal movement.
Immunoselection of recombinant baculoviruses expressing high levels of biologically active herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D.

The DNA sequence encoding the complete herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) was inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector under control of the polyhedrin gene promoter of the baculovirusAutographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). After co-transfection ofSpodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells with wild-type AcNPV DNA and the recombinant transfer vector DNA, polyhedrin-negative recombinants that expressed high levels of HSV-1 gD were isolated using immunoaffinity selection with antibody coated magnetic particles followed by plaque purification. These recombinant baculoviruses expressed a protein that was slightly smaller than virion HSV-1 gD made in Vero cells. This recombinant protein was expressed at high levels. The expressed protein was glycosylated, was found on the membrane of Sf9 cells, and reacted with gD specific antibodies. Antibodies raised in mice to the recombinant gD neutralized HSV-1 as measured by plaque reduction assays. Mice inoculated with the recombinant baculovirus were completely protected from lethal challenge with HSV-1.
Rheological models for time-variable materials

Abstract A study is made of the behavior of rheological models made of elements (springs and dashpots) whose properties (stiffness and viscosity) vary in time. A particular distinction is made between elastic and hypoelastic behavior of time-variable springs. A further distinction is shown between models leading to differential and to integro-differential equations, and a classification is made of the types of differential equations that may be obtained. Several examples of model behavior are studied in detail.
Muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M-induced long-term depression in rat cerebral cortex.

Abstract A long-lasting depression (LTD) of neuronal-evoked responses was induced in a dose-dependent fashion in neurons of rat sensorimotor cortex by a brief application of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M. The depression was characterized as being of rapid onset (within 30 seconds), long duration (up to 40 minutes), and was evident for both glutamate- and acetylcholine-evoked discharges. Antagonism could be achieved by application of the nonspecific muscarinic antagonist atropine, and with the M 2 antagonists gallamine or methoctramine. The M 1 antagonist pirezepine displayed only a weak effect. LTD could also be induced by the muscarinic agonists, oxotremorine and McN-A-343, but their potencies were lower than that of oxotremorine-M. Oxotremorine-M may be a useful tool for studies of long-term changes in synaptic efficacy.
The Wage Policy of a Firm

Salary data from a single firm are analyzed in an effort to identify the firm's wage policy. We find that employees are partly shielded against changes in external market conditions; that wage variation within a job level is large both cross-sectionally and for individuals over time, often leading to substantial real wage declines; that wage increases are serially correlated even controlling for observable characteristics; and that promotions and wage growth are strongly related, even though promotion premiums are small relative to the large wage differences between job levels. None of the major theories of wage determination can alone explain the evidence.
Evaluating doppler devices using a moving string test target

Two moving string test targets have been developed and used to characterize ultrasound Doppler instrumentation. The characteristics investigated were sample volume size and location. The tests were ...