cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Associations between Intake of Folate, Methionine, and Vitamins B-12, B-6 and Prostate Cancer Risk in American Veterans

Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Recent reports suggest that excess of nutrients involved in the one-carbon metabolism pathway increases PC risk; however, empirical data are lacking. Veteran American men (272 controls and 144 PC cases) who attended the Durham Veteran American Medical Center between 2004-2009 were enrolled into a case-control study. Intake of folate, vitamin B12, B6, and methionine were measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Regression models were used to evaluate the association among one-carbon cycle nutrients, MTHFR genetic variants, and prostate cancer. Higher dietary methionine intake was associated with PC risk (OR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.1-3.9) The risk was most pronounced in men with Gleason sum <7 (OR = 2.75; 95%CI 1.32- 5.73). The association of higher methionine intake and PC risk was only apparent in men who carried at least one MTHFR A1298C allele (OR = 6.7; 95%CI = 1.6-27.8), compared to MTHFR A1298A noncarrier men (OR = 0.9; 95%CI = 0.24-3.92) (p-interaction = 0.045). There was no evidence for associations between B vitamins (folate, B12, and B6) and PC risk. Our results suggest that carrying the MTHFR A1298C variants modifies the association between high methionine intake and PC risk. Larger studies are required to validate these findings.
Sequential blanking and visual form perception

The present study replicates and extends previous findings by Julesz, in which he studied sequential and nonsequential presentation orders for the sides of variously shaped polygons. Our results fully confirm his findings and further suggest that his results are but still another instance of sequential blanking effects in man’s visual information processing system.
Grain refinement and stabilization in spray-formed AISI 1020 steel

Abstract An AISI 1020-grade mild steel, with a small amount of aluminum, was spray-formed by nitrogen gas-atomization and deposition. The spray-formed 1020 steel contained 0.05 mass% of nitrogen and 0.06 mass% of aluminum. Rolling the spray deposit at 1123 K for a thickness reduction of 70% and subsequent normalizing at low austenitic temperatures produced a fully dense steel having a refined ferrite grain size as small as 3 μm. This grain refinement resulted from the pinning of prior austenite grain boundaries by fine AlN particles which precipitated during the thermomechanical treatments. Room-temperature tensile properties (YS: 550 MPa, UTS: 630 MPa, elongation: 23%), exceeding those of conventional microalloyed high-strength low alloy steels, were achieved in the normalized state. The AlN-pinned fine-grained microstructure survived subsequent re-austenizing at temperatures as high as 1273 K. When tensile-tested in the austenite region at 1123 K, the microalloyed 1020 steel showed a large elongation exceeding 200%.
CANONICAL FORMULATIONS OF A CLASSICAL PARTICLE IN A YANG-MILLS FIELD AND WONG'S EQUATIONS

Wong [14] introduced equations of motion for a spin 0 particle in a Yang-Mills field which was widely accepted among physicists. It is shown that these are equivalent to the various mathematical formulations for the motion of such particles as given by the Kaluza-Klein formulation of Kerner [4], and those of Sternberg [11], and Weinstein [12]. In doing this, we show that Sternberg's space is, in a natural way, a symplectic leaf of a reduced Poisson manifold and relations to a construction of Kummer's [5] for dynamics on the cotangent bundle of a principle bundle are clarified.
Familial risk of migraine: A population-based study

Estimates of familial aggregation of migraine have varied considerably due, in part, to methodological differences among studies. We concluded a population-based study of 73 clinically confirmed probands with migraine, 72 matched control probands, and 511 of their first-degree relatives, all of whom were directly interviewed. The risk of migraine was 50% more likely in relatives of migraine probands than in relatives of controls. Migraine risk was considerably higher among relatives of probands with disabling migraine compared with relatives of probands with minimal disability. Moreover, for probands with minimal disability, no excess risk of migraine in female relatives was observed. Finally, in relatives of male migraine probands, there appears to be an excess risk of migraine with aura. A borderline significant relative risk of 4.04 was observed. No excess risk was observed among relatives of male probands who had migraine without aura. This study suggests that familial factors (environment related to the family or genetic factors) account for less than one-half of all migraine cases in the population. Degree of disability in the proband appears to influence familial risk. These results suggest that the development of migraine is determined by complex genetic as well as environmental factors.
FAST AND SLOW COMPONENTS IN AXONAL TRANSPORT OF PROTEIN

(a) After injection of labeled leucine into the eye of goldfish, radioactive protein rapidly accumulates in the contralateral optic tectum in the layer containing the synaptic endings of the optic fibers. This material reaches the tectum 6-12 hr after the isotope injection, a fact which indicates that the rate of transport is at least 40 mm per day. (b) This rapidly transported material has been shown to consist exclusively of protein, in which the label remains attached to leucine. (c) Inhibition of protein synthesis in the retina prevents the appearance of the transported protein in the tectum, but inhibition of protein synthesis in the tectum does not. Substances having some of the same properties as leucine, such as cycloleucine and norepinephrine, are not transported to the tectum. These experiments all indicate that the transported protein is synthesized in the retina. However, inhibition of retinal protein synthesis after this protein has been formed does not interfere with the transport mechanism itself. (d) The fast component consists of about 85% particulate material. It may be distinguished from a slowly moving component, transported at 0.4 mm per day, which contains about 5 times as much radioactivity as the fast component, and which consists of 60% particulate matter and 40% soluble protein.
Academic Radiologists’ On-Call and Late-Evening Duties

On-call and late-evening duties have increased dramatically for radiologists, be they in private practice, at academic medical centers, or at state or federal government health care facilities. Most busy medical centers in North America require around-the-clock radiology interpretations for emergent or urgent patients, particularly if they are level 1 trauma centers. Coverage by attending radiologists around the clock is expensive and difficult to implement. In this study, an e-mail questionnaire was sent to 83 members of the Society of Chairmen of Academic Radiology Departments concerning general radiologists' on-call and after-hours duties. Detailed replies were received from 29 academic medical centers, all of which were university owned or affiliated. There was complex variation on how academic radiology departments approached their after-hours commitments, but only 10% of academic institutions (3 of 29) answering the survey had 24-hour in-house coverage by general radiologists. Coverage by attending radiologists around the clock at academic medical centers is not the current standard of practice at most academic medical centers.
A Once-Daily Dasatinib Dosing Strategy for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

The BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib is standard first-line therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and has revolutionized treatment of the disease. However, resistance and intolerance to the agent have emerged as major clinical complications. Dasatinib is the first and only dual BCR-ABL/SRC family kinase inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with CML in any phase or Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia who are resistant to or intolerant of imatinib. The agent is well tolerated and has shown clinical activity in such patients. As with other oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors, nonadherence to the prescribed dasatinib treatment regimen could obstruct a successful outcome. A new recommended dose of 100 mg once daily has been approved for patients with chronic phase CML. That dosing regimen, combined with appropriate management of dasatinib-related adverse events, may help patients adhere to their prescribed treatment and achieve maximum therapeutic benefit. This article highlights recent changes to the dasatinib label, including results with the 100 mg once-daily starting dose for patients with chronic phase CML, and discusses nursing strategies for the successful management of adverse events in patients receiving dasatinib.
A method for studying near- and far-field noise characteristics of impinging jets

A new method based on cross-correlation techniques is presented for studying the near- and far-field noise characteristics of a jet impinging on a surface. Analyses show that, in near and far fields, the noise characteristics due to the contribution of fluctuating pressure on the surface and due to the combined contribution of turbulence in the impinging jet and fluctuating pressure on the surface can be determined. Both far-field noise intensities and near-field acoustic energy fluxes can be expressed in terms of appropriate cross correlations. These correlations are obtained by making microphone measurements in three different regions: on the surface, in the near field, and in the far field. The method is currently being applied to study a cold, circular, subsonic jet impinging on a large rigid surface. Some preliminary experimental data are presented on fluctuating surface pressures and narrow-band far-field noise characteristics.
Optimization study of electron-bremsstrahlung shielding for manned spacecraft

Transport calculations based on the Monte Carlo method have been made to study the shielding of spacecraft against electrons and, in particular, secondary bremsstrahlung originating in the shield. These calculations were done for radiation environments encountered in typical shuttle and geosynchronous orbits. The quantitative results indicate that considerable improvement is shielding can be obtained by replacing an aluminum shield with a composite shield of the same total mass thickness and an inner lining of lead.
Isolation gowns: a false sense of security?

Abstract Background: Isolation gowns have traditionally been used in health care situations to protect against microbial contamination. There is now concern over protection of the health care worker from contamination by patients' blood and body fluids. We quantitatively determined the effectiveness of commercially available isolation gowns against human blood leakage or strike through. Methods: More than 1200 samples of 11 types of disposable gown and one type of reusable gown (new and washed 40 and 80 times) were tested at five different pressures (0.25 to 2 psi) and six durations (1 second to 2 minutes) by means of an apparatus designed to simulate pressures generated during gown usage. Results: In all studied conditions, testing showed significant differences ( p Conclusion: Although traditional thought assumes that isolation gowns protect the wearer from contamination, our data show this belief may provide a false sense of security.
Experimental Vibration Analysis of a Composite UAV Wing

This article describes the details of an experimental investigation focusing on vibration characteristics of a carbon composite ultralight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Modal characteristics of the UAV wings are obtained and compared for two separate configurations: (1) wings mounted on the suspended aircraft to simulate a free-free arrangement and (2) a single wing mounted vertically in a fixture to test in a shaker-table approach. All structural components are fabricated from oven-cured laminated carbon composite materials using uniaxial and biaxial prepreg fabric. Multiple dual-axis accelerometers on the wing structure are used to determine the dynamic properties.
Topographical projections of the prestriate cortex to the pulvinar nuclei in the macaque monkey: an autoradiographic study.

Localized microinjections of tritiated amino acids were made in the prestriate cortex (areas 18 and 19) of macaque monkeys in order to determine the topography of the subcortical projections. It was found that the prestriate cortex projected to the entire inferior pulvinar (PI), lateral pulvinar (PL), dorsolateral nucleus, the lateral posterior nucleus, the reticular nucleus, a portion of the medial pulvinar, superior colliculus, and caudate nucleus but not to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. The projections to the PI were organized according to the topographical representation of the contralateral visual hemifield. The ventral portion of the PL which is immediately adjacent to the PI also received a parallel topographical projection in register with the representation of the visual hemifield and thus is distinguished from the remainder of the PL. The dorsal and caudal portions of the PL (which extend to form the lateral portion of the caudal pole of the pulvinar and are located away from PI) also received projections from prestriate cortex which often appeared as several bands of grains. However, although dorsal prestriate cortex seemed to project to the dorsal portion of caudal PL and ventral prestriate cortex seemed to project to the ventral portion of caudal PL, any further topography in the projections to the dorsal and caudal PL as well as any to the other dorsal group nuclei was difficult to determine. The results point to the conclusion that the PI and the immediately adjacent portion of PL are distinguished from the remainder of the pulvinar by their connectional organization, and each region contains a representation of the visual hemifield. Furthermore, the prestriate projections to these and other regions of the pulvinar form the corticothalamic half of visual and visuomotor cortico-thalamocortical projections which involve all the occipital cortices (areas 17, 18 and 19) as well as inferotemporal, parietal and frontal cortices.
Bithionol inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth In Vitro - studies on mechanism(s) of action

Drug resistance is a cause of ovarian cancer recurrence and low overall survival rates. There is a need for more effective treatment approaches because the development of new drug is expensive and time consuming. Alternatively, the concept of ‘drug repurposing’ is promising. We focused on Bithionol (BT), a clinically approved anti-parasitic drug as an anti-ovarian cancer drug. BT has previously been shown to inhibit solid tumor growth in several preclinical cancer models. A better understanding of the anti-tumor effects and mechanism(s) of action of BT in ovarian cancer cells is essential for further exploring its therapeutic potential against ovarian cancer. The cytotoxic effects of BT against a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines were determined by Presto Blue cell viability assay. Markers of apoptosis such as caspases 3/7, cPARP induction, nuclear condensation and mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization were assessed using microscopic, FACS and immunoblotting methods. Mechanism(s) of action of BT such as cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, autotaxin (ATX) inhibition and effects on MAPK and NF-kB signalling were determined by FACS analysis, immunoblotting and colorimetric methods. BT caused dose dependent cytotoxicity against all ovarian cancer cell lines tested with IC50 values ranging from 19 μM – 60 μM. Cisplatin-resistant variants of A2780 and IGROV-1 have shown almost similar IC50 values compared to their sensitive counterparts. Apoptotic cell death was shown by expression of caspases 3/7, cPARP, loss of mitochondrial potential, nuclear condensation, and up-regulation of p38 and reduced expression of pAkt, pNF-κB, pIκBα, XIAP, bcl-2 and bcl-xl. BT treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1/M phase and increased ROS generation. Treatment with ascorbic acid resulted in partial restoration of cell viability. In addition, dose and time dependent inhibition of ATX was observed. BT exhibits cytotoxic effects on various ovarian cancer cell lines regardless of their sensitivities to cisplatin. Cell death appears to be via caspases mediated apoptosis. The mechanisms of action appear to be partly via cell cycle arrest, ROS generation and inhibition of ATX. The present study provides preclinical data suggesting a potential therapeutic role for BT against recurrent ovarian cancer.
Effects of Decision Motive and Organizational Performance Level on Strategic Decision Processes

Managers make strategic decisions in response to both problems and opportunities, and when their firms are performing poorly or well. This research investigated effects of these two motives and of ...
Outer Main Belt asteroids: Identification and distribution of four 3-μm spectral groups

Abstract This paper examines the distribution and the abundance of hydrated minerals (any mineral that contains H 2 O or OH) on outer Main Belt asteroids spanning the 2.5 a a a a a 2 O ice. A similar rounded 3-μm feature was also identified in 24 Themis and 65 Cybele. Unlike the sharp group, the rounded group did not experience aqueous alteration. Of the asteroids observed in this study, 140 Siwa, a P-type, is the only one that does not exhibit a 3-μm feature. These results are important to constrain the nature and the degree of aqueous alteration in outer Main Belt asteroids.
HEAT TRANSFER TO SPHERES AT LOW TO INTERMEDIATE REYNOLDS NUMBERS

The Navier-Stokes equation and the energy equation are solved using the Galerkin finite element method for flow past a solid sphere at low to intermediate Reynolds numbers. The calculated results are compared with exact theories valid for small or large Peclet numbers. A correlation is provided to predict the numerical results for ranges of Prandtl number from 0.001 to 1000 and Reynolds numbers from 1 to 100. A new correlation is proposed that matches the theoretical results at low Peclet numbers, the numerical results at intermediate Peclet numbers, and the existing experimental data at intermediate to high Peclet numbers.
Effects of constrained chain conformations on polymer-solute interactions in semicrystalline polymers

Abstract The chemical potential of a solute in a solid polymer includes contributions from solute-polymer chain conformations, Flory-Huggins type interaction, and elastic energy of swelling. Presence of impermeable and rigid crystallites in such systems is expected to affect all these contributions. Theoretical calculations have been performed to check the direct effects of constrained chain conformations in the amorphous domains in semicrystalline polymers. Experimental results are used to determine Flory-Huggins coefficient and elastic modulus. From all these, the primary effects are shown to be on the entropic part of the Flory-Huggins coefficient and an increase in the elastic modulus by one or two order of magnitude. Finally, these results are used to calculate the rates of solvent-induced crystallization to show that these rates can drop to negligible values as the amount of crystals formed rises. Thus, the actual degree of crystallization can lie well below the Flory-Yoon limit.
Discrimination and pension income among aging women.

Abstract Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience, Mature Women's Cohort, this study examined the extent to which discrimination influenced pension receipt and levels of pension income among women aged 55-69 in 1992. It found that discrimination affected the level of pension income beyond that of demographic and human capital variables, when controlling for wage-related income, only among moderate-to-affluent near-elderly women. No relation was found between discrimination and receipt of pension income.
Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Binding Proteins: Biological Actions*

I. Introduction THE insulin-like growth factors were discovered on the basis of their ability to stimulate cartilage sulfation and to replace the “sulfation factor activity” of GH, as determined using an in vivo assay, in an in vitro test system (1). The biological significance of this finding was quickly expanded beyond the study of cartilage sulfation to include stimulation of DNA synthesis (2), proteoglycan synthesis (3), glycosaminoglycan synthesis (4), and protein synthesis (5). Most of these studies used tissue preparations such as isolated diaphragm, cartilage, or epididymal fat pads to study biologicalactivity. In recognition of its generalized pleiotypic actions, in the early 1970's sulfation factor was renamed somatomedin (mediator of the effects of somatotropin) and was included in the emerging classification of broad spectrum growth factors along with platelet derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor (6). During the period in which the biological actions of ...
Atomic physics using large electrostatic accelerators

Abstract This article surveys some areas of atomic physics using large electrostatic accelerators. Brief overviews of ion-atom collisions and ion-solid collisions are followed by a classified listing of recent papers. A single line, correlated electron ion recombination, is chosen to show the recent development of techniques to study various aspects of this phenomenon.
INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT: RESOURCE TOOLKIT FOR RESEARCH AND TEACHING

Increasing globalization has affected the way that firms are managed today. While its impact on competitive strategy, marketing, and finance has been well accepted and well studied, its effect on the firm's technology and operations has not. This paper provides resources for research and teaching in international technology and operations management (itom). Included are an extensive bibliography of papers and an overview of large-scale survey research initiatives in the area. By bringing together and categorizing this body of work, we hope to facilitate further work in the area and to help define ITOM'S scope.
Asymmetric and nonasymmetric addition of RLi and RMgX to 3-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl oxazolines and imines. An approach to substituted 2-tetralones

Chiral and achiral 3-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl oxazolines 4a,b failed to undergo an aromatic nucleophilic displacement of the 3-methoxy group with organolithium reagents and instead afforded dihydronaphthalenes 9 and 14 in 30−95% yield. Dihydronaphthalenes 9 (racemic) and 14 (nonracemic) were easily converted into the corresponding aldehydes 15. Alternatively, aldehydes 15 were prepared via tandem addition of Grignard reagents to imines 17 in 50−65% yield. Aldehydes 15 served as precursors to 3,3,4-trisubstituted 2-tetralones 16. Use of methyl chloroformate to trap the azaenolate derived from 17f and i-PrMgCl afforded, in 65% yield, a versatile synthetic intermediate 23 which may serve to access 4-alkyl-, 3,4-dialkyl-, 3,4-disubstituted and 3,3,4-trisubstituted 2-tetralones with diverse substitution patterns.
Optical WDMA network design and function placement

Abstract The parallel use of multiple channels in a WDM star network means that too many packets may simultaneously arrive for the same destination station, necessitating the implementation of a destination-conflict-resolution function somewhere within the network. This paper considers explicitly, the placement of the destination-conflict-resolution function which specifies the location(s) where it should be performed, and when it should be performed. Traditional placements in which the function is located at all user stations and performed either before packet transmission (using the request-schedule-then-transmit principle) or after a destination conflict has been detected (using the detect-and-retransmit-if-lost principle), is compared with a central placement in which only one central station located at the entrance to the star coupler is responsible for detecting conflicts and optically buffering `otherwise lost' packets whilst they are en route to their destinations, until their destinations are free to receive them. The networks are evaluated considering their delay and throughout characteristics, the computational complexity of their protocols, their fault tolerance, and their hardware demands. The results presented suggest that significant performance improvements are achievable with the central placement since destination conflicts are resolved without having to retransmit packets nor waiting until the end of a request-broadcast-and-schedule phase before a given packet can be transmitted. The central station works with Space Division Multiplexed signals, just before they enter the star coupler. Its implementation is therefore simpler than when all stations are charged with this task, each of which has to attend to multiple WDM channels. Only `otherwise lost' packets are buffered so the network has low buffer memory requirements.
Reactions of methanol and ethylene glycol on Ni/Pt: Bridging the materials gap between single crystal and polycrystalline bimetallic surfaces

Abstract The catalytic decompositions of methanol and ethylene glycol on polycrystalline Ni/Pt surfaces were used as model probe reactions to explore oxygenate reforming for H 2 production. In the current study we evaluated whether favorable chemistry observed on single crystal Ni/Pt(111) can be extended to more commercially relevant polycrystalline surfaces, thus bridging the “materials gap”. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) confirmed that two distinct bimetallic configurations can be formed for the Ni/Pt system, each possessing unique chemical properties: one with the surface enriched in Ni atoms, designated NiPtPt, and the other with the subsurface region enriched in Ni atoms, designated PtNiPt. Consistent with single crystal studies, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) revealed that the NiPtPt configuration was more active for reforming to CO and H 2 than either polycrystalline Pt or PtNiPt. High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) confirmed the presence of strongly bound reaction intermediates on NiPtPt, including aldehyde-like species, which was also observed on Ni–Pt–Pt(111). The strongly bound reaction intermediates most likely contribute to the high reforming activity observed on NiPtPt. Overall, TPD and HREELS results on polycrystalline surfaces were in general consistent with their single crystal counterparts for the reforming of oxygenates.
The effects of photoperiod and temperature on growth and reproduction of Daphnia ambigu A

Abstract 1. 1. Six of eight life-history traits related to growth and reproduction were significantly affected by temperature-photoperiod regimes. 2. 2. A temperature-photoperiod interaction was the most significant factor affecting life-history traits. 3. 3. Temperature probably significantly affected length of life, age at first brood, mean carapace length at first brood, length of time between broods, and number of young per day of adult life independent of the temperature-photoperiod interactions. 4. 4. Photoperiod probably did not significantly affect any of the life-history traits independent of the temperature-photoperiod interactions.
The 54Fe(p, d)53Fe and 140Ced(p, d)139Ce reactions at 122 MeVag

Abstract The 54Fe( p , d)53Fe and 140Ce( p , d)139Ce reactions have been studied at a proton energy of 122 MeV. Analyzing powers and angular distributions were obtained for outgoing deuterons to the strong low-lying single-particle states in both nuclei. These data along with the data of others at 26, 29, 41, 52 and 24, 35, 55 MeV for 54Fe and 140Ce respectively, have been compared with exact-finite-range DWBA calculations carried out in a consistent fashion to determine the energy dependence of the spectroscopic factors. A strong energy dependence was noticed for the spectroscopic factors when the l-values were large.
Brownfields as a tool for the rejuvenation of land and community

Abstract Brownfields have been a powerful force attempting to advance both sustainability and economic development. The author, principally using U.S. examples, advances the belief that the true benefits potentially offered by Brownfields can only be fully realized by using tools such as found in the application of Community Benefit Agreements. In a similar way use of Community-Based Participatory Research frameworks holds out similar promise. The proof of this promise will only be found in the implementation of these models.
WHAT IS CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT? FEDERAL COURTS AND THE PROPORTIONALITY PRINCIPLE AFTER HARMELIN v. MICHIGAN

In Harmelin v. Michigan , the Rehnquist Court weakened the concept of proportionality under the Eighth Amendment by applying a narrow scope of review and by urging substantial deference to state authority in criminal sentencing. This paper examines how the Court treated the proportionality principle in Harmelin and it reviews how lower federal courts have applied that precedent. The findings indicate that the Rehnquist Court was successful in limiting judicial review of prison sentences. In nearly every case, federal courts have rejected claims of disproportionate punishments under the Harmelin framework, but courts in three recent cases have found punishments to be grossly disproportionate to the crime.
Altered nuclear RNA transport associated with carcinogen intoxication in rats

Abstract The release of nuclear restricted RNA to the cytoplasm in dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) and acetylaminofluorene (AAF) induced tumors suggested a basis for the phenotypic expression of chemically induced neoplasms. In this report the increased release of RNA from nuclei in vitro is identified both following acute intoxication and with prolonged (tumor producing) exposure to a third carcinogen, thioacetamide. This release is independent of ATP added in the cell-free system and consistent with “leaky” nuclei, providing further support for the hypothesis that nuclear RNA transport is involved in chemical carcinogenesis.
Toward an ecology of hypertext annotation

Annotation is a key way in which hypertexts grow and increase in value. This paper first characterizes annotation according to a set of dimensions to situate a long-term study of a community of annotators. Then, using the results of the study, the paper explores the implications of annotative practice for hypertext concepts and for the development of an ecology of hypertext annotation, in which consensus creates a reading structure from an authorial structure.
Management of Febrile Neonates in US Pediatric Emergency Departments

BACKGROUND: Blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures and admission for antibiotics are considered standard management of febrile neonates (0–28 days). We examined variation in adherence to these recommendations across US pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) and incidence of serious infections (SIs) in febrile neonates. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of neonates with a diagnosis of fever evaluated in 36 PEDs in the 2010 Pediatric Health Information System database. We analyzed performance of recommended management (laboratory testing, antibiotic use, admission to hospital), 48-hour return visits to PED, and diagnoses of SI. RESULTS: Of 2253 neonates meeting study criteria, 369 (16.4%) were evaluated and discharged from the PED; 1884 (83.6%) were admitted. Recommended management occurred in 1497 of 2253 (66.4%; 95% confidence interval, 64.5–68.4) febrile neonates. There was more than twofold variation across the 36 PEDs in adherence to recommended management, recommended testing, and recommended treatment of febrile neonates. There was significant variation in testing and treatment between admitted and discharged neonates ( P CONCLUSIONS: There was wide variation across US PEDs in adherence to recommended management of febrile neonates. One in 6 febrile neonates was discharged from the PED; discharged patients were less likely to receive testing or antibiotic therapy than admitted patients. A majority of neonates with SI received recommended evaluation and management. High rates of SI in admitted patients but low return rates for missed infections in discharged patients suggest a need for additional studies to understand variation from the current recommendations.
FRAME for achieving performance portability within heterogeneous environments

Resource heterogeneity offers a new challenge to portability of resource critical applications such as multimedia or interactive applications. Under heterogeneous environments, a priori knowledge of available resources is not always feasible during the development stage. As a consequence, resource critical applications must probe dynamically the resources and reconfigure to adapt themselves to different computing environments. We propose a component-based framework, called FRAME, and CSML, to help users develop and deploy resource critical Java applications in a heterogeneous environment. Under FRAME, the assembly of an application is postponed to execution time so that the application may be customized by gathering resource information from the environments. CSML may help users develop components and specify the intended performance. Finally, an application for the GO game is used to evaluate FRAME under various environments.
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: Breast carcinoma to meningioma

Metastasis of breast carcinoma to meningioma is a rare phenomenon with relatively few reports in the literature, although it is the most common type of carcinoma-to-meningioma metastasis. Several factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of these lesions, including the microenvironment and vascular network of the meningioma, expression of cell-cell adhesion molecules, local immunosuppression, and hormonal factors, including estrogen and progesterone, whose receptors have been well-characterized in these two tumor types. While histopathologic study is the cornerstone of diagnosis of these lesions, newer radiological modalities such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and perfusion MRI have shown promise, particularly in screening patients at risk for developing these lesions. Because their detection is problematic, it is imperative that clinicians thoroughly examine tissue samples of resected meningiomas, as this may alter the patient's treatment plan and prognosis. Furthermore, as both of these neoplasms often co-occur in women with breast cancer, clinicians should be vigilant of the potential for intrameningioma metastasis when neurological involvement becomes apparent in late-stage disease. While these unusual lesions should be managed surgically, as with meningiomas, it is unclear whether proposed adjuvants such as hormonal and radiation therapy improve survival.
VoicePen: augmenting pen input with simultaneous non-linguisitic vocalization

This paper explores using non-linguistic vocalization as an additional modality to augment digital pen input on a tablet computer. We investigated this through a set of novel interaction techniques and a feasibility study. Typically, digital pen users control one or two parameters using stylus position and sometimes pen pressure. However, in many scenarios the user can benefit from the ability to continuously vary additional parameters. Non-linguistic vocalizations, such as vowel sounds, variation of pitch, or control of loudness have the potential to provide fluid continuous input concurrently with pen interaction. We present a set of interaction techniques that leverage the combination of voice and pen input when performing both creative drawing and object manipulation tasks. Our feasibility evaluation suggests that with little training people can use non-linguistic vocalization to productively augment digital pen interaction.
Recent advances in laser dermatology

Summary form only given. Laser dermatology is one of the fastest growing areas in medicine. The objectives of this presentation are to identify recent technological advances as applied to human skin and define those problems that must be resolved to improve utility.
Fall colouring of bipartite graphs and cartesian products of graphs

The question of whether a graph can be partitioned into k independent dominating sets, which is the same as having a fallk-colouring, is considered. For k=3, it is shown that a graph G can be partitioned into three independent dominating sets if and only if the cartesian product G@?K"2 can be partitioned into three independent dominating sets. The graph K"2 can be replaced by any graph H such that there is a mapping f:Q"n->H, where f is a type-II graph homomorphism. The cartesian product of two trees is considered, as well as the complexity of partitioning a bipartite graph into three independent dominating sets, which is shown to be NP-complete. For other values of k, iterated cartesian products are considered, leading to a result that shows for what values of k the hypercubes can be partitioned into k independent dominating sets.
Long-Term Diagnostic Stability and Outcome in Recent First-Episode Cohort Studies of Schizophrenia

Knowing the long-term outcomes of schizophrenia and stability of a schizophrenia diagnosis are important from a clinical standpoint as well as essential to future researchondiagnosticclassificationsandoutcome.Asinprior research on schizophrenia, prospectively designed longterm studies over the past 30 years find that the predominant course of illness includes chronically poor functioning, with little evidence of long-term improvement. Mortality due to suicide is significant at about 10% over 10-year periods of follow-up. Within studies, outcome domains are interrelated, and the relatively consistent predictors of poorer outcome include family history of schizophrenia, insidious onset, poor premorbid functioning, severity of negative symptoms, and severity and duration of untreated psychosis. Residing in a developed rather than a developing country is also associated with a poorer long-term course. The diagnostic stability of schizophrenia is less well studied. The positive predictive value exceeds 90%, and preliminary findings from the 10-year follow-up of the Suffolk County Mental Health Project cohort have found that the agreement across time increased from k = .52 (baseline to 10 years) to k = .76 (6 or 24 months to 10 years). After discussing several limitations of the existing body of research, we suggest that future studies incorporate more ‘‘modifiable’’ risk factors into the assessment battery that could potentially be used as building blocks in experimental intervention designs.
Myocardial clearance of technetium-99m-teboroxime in reperfused injured canine myocardium

Recent technical developments using solid-state technology have enabled rapid image acquisition with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and have led to a renewed interest in technetium-99m-teboroxime (Tc-99m-teboroxime) as a myocardial imaging agent. Tc-99m-teboroxime has demonstrated high myocardial extraction, linear myocardial uptake relative to flow even at high flow rates, rapid uptake and clearance kinetics, and differential clearance in the setting of ischemia. However, the myocardial clearance kinetics of Tc-99m-teboroxime in a model of myocardial injury has not been previously reported. Thus, the purposes of this study were to use a canine model of ischemia-reperfusion to (1) compare Tc-99m-teboroxime clearance kinetics in normal and ischemic-reperfused myocardium and (2) assess the utility of Tc-99m-teboroxime clearance kinetics in determining the severity of injury following ischemia-reperfusion. Thirteen dogs underwent left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) occlusion for either 30 min (IR30, n = 6) or 120 min (IR120, n = 7), followed by reperfusion, and finally Tc-99m-teboroxime administration 120 min after reperfusion. Microsphere blood flows were determined at baseline, during occlusion, after reperfusion, and before euthanasia. Post-mortem, area at risk was determined using Evans blue dye, and viability was determined using triphenytetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The hearts were then subdivided into 24 pieces and Tc-99m activity was measured in a well counter. TTC-determined infarct area as a percentage of total left ventricular myocardium was 1.1% ± 0.3% for the IR30 group and 7.5% ± 2.9% for the IR120 group (p < 0.05). During coronary occlusion, both the IR30 and IR120 groups demonstrated decreases in percent wall thickening in the ischemia-reperfusion zone (IRZ) as compared with the normal zone (NZ). In the IR30 group, percent wall thickening in the IRZ recovered during the reperfusion phase as compared with the NZ. In the IR120 group, percent wall thickening in the IRZ remained depressed during the reperfusion phase and through the end of the experiment as compared with the NZ. Final Tc-99m-teboroxime myocardial IRZ/NZ activity ratio was 0.94 ± 0.01 for the IR30 group, compared to 0.80 ± 0.01 for the IR120 group (p < 0.05). Tc-99m-teboroxime demonstrates moderate differential clearance in a model of severe injury with 120 min of ischemia-reperfusion, but only minimal differential clearance in a model of mild injury with 30 min of ischemia-reperfusion. Thus, Tc-99m-teboroxime clearance kinetics may be helpful in differentiating normal and minimally injured from severely injured myocardium.
The Mechanisms of Current Induced Degradation in a GaAs Light Emitting Diode

The degradation of radiant power output (Po) for silicon doped GaAs infrared emitting diodes was established for dc current stress levels ranging from 70 to 175 A/cm2. Through an analysis of the forward I-V data and specially performed tests, it was de-termined that the initial degradation was due to increases in the space charge recom-bination current while later degradation was due to decreases in the diffusion current. The initial changes in the space charge recombination current were caused by the diffusion of zinc atoms to the junction region via the Longini mechanism. Zinc diffusion also resulted in an initial increase in Po both under stress and room temperature storage conditions. The mechan-ism responsible for the decrease in the diffusion current was not identified, but most probably involved the silicon dopant atoms.
Interpreter of maladies: redescription mining applied to biomedical data analysis.

Comprehensive, systematic and integrated data-centric statistical approaches to disease modeling can provide powerful frameworks for understanding disease etiology. Here, one such computational framework based on redescription mining in both its incarnations, static and dynamic, is discussed. The static framework provides bioinformatic tools applicable to multifaceted datasets, containing genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and clinical data for diseased patients and normal subjects. The dynamic redescription framework provides systems biology tools to model complex sets of regulatory, metabolic and signaling pathways in the initiation and progression of a disease. As an example, the case of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is considered, which has so far remained intractable and unpredictable in its etiology and nosology. The redescription mining approaches can be applied to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wichita (KS, USA) dataset, integrating transcriptomic, epidemiological and clinical ...
Efficient computation of current flow in signal wires for reliability analysis

Electromigration (EM) and self-heating are critical reliability concerns for metal wires in high performance designs. EM reliability rules for a VLSI technology are typically expressed in terms of average, root-mean-square and peak current limits for each metal layer in the technology. To ensure EM reliability of a design, current flowing through each wire segment in the design should not violate the EM reliability rules. In this work, we present closed-from analytical models for efficient computation of average, root-mean-square and peak currents through any element in an arbitrary RC tree. The proposed models are validated against SPICE simulations for several RC nets extracted from an industrial ASIC design. The results show that the models exhibit very good accuracy with a mean error of only 3.1% in root-mean-square and 0.2% in average current estimation.
Evidence for novel genetic loci associated with metabolic traits in Yup'ik people.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Alaska Native communities has historically been lower than the general US population, although the specific genetic and environmental factors that underlie these statistics remain poorly characterized. Accumulating evidence suggests that elements of the traditional diet such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and low carbohydrate content (Naylor et al., 2003) may contribute to the low T2D prevalence in these communities. More recently, Alaska Native people have experienced a more dramatic rise in T2D burden than other Native groups, with the age-adjusted prevalence increasing from 17.3/1,000 in 1985 to 47.6/1,000 (Narayanan et al., 2010). This increase may be attributed to increased awareness, improved access to healthcare, decreased overall mortality rates, a change in diagnostic criteria in 1997, as well as nutritional and lifestyle transitions (Naylor et al., 2003). Moreover, the effects of the changing diet on chronic metabolic disease risk may be mediated by genetic factors that are unique to isolated populations (Lemas et al., 2013). Current understanding of the genetics of metabolic traits among circumpolar populations is limited in comparison to other ethnic groups, highlighting the need for comprehensive scans to identify the major susceptibility loci. Two recent candidate gene studies, conducted among the Canadian Inuit (Rudkowska et al., 2013) and Yup’ik people living in Southwest Alaska (Lemas et al., 2012) suggested that consumption of marine-derived n-3 PUFA may influence lipid traits through interactions with common genetic variants implicated in metabolic pathways. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the role of genes or gene-diet interactions in the etiology of metabolic traits in communities with a historically low prevalence of T2D, despite ample evidence of their etiologic relevance in other populations (Ntzani and Kawoura, 2012; Franks et al., 2007; Cole et al., 2005). Rudkowska et al. showed that the minor allele frequency distribution of several metabolism-related genetic markers differs markedly between the Inuit and Caucasians, and other studies of complex traits (Hegele et al., 1997; Hegele et al., 1999) also suggest differences in susceptibility genes. To further elucidate these differences, the purpose of this study was to examine the genetic architecture of metabolic traits in a Yup’ik population using whole-genome linkage analysis, followed by targeted association testing for variants genotyped within the observed peaks. Additionally, this study investigated potential interactions of these loci with habitual intake of marine-derived n-3 PUFA.