cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CSVD: Approximate Similarity Searches in High Dimensional Spaces Using Clustering and Singular Value Decomposition

Many data-intensive applications, such as content-based retrieval of images or video from multimedia databases and similarity retrieval of patterns in data mining, require the ability of efficiently performing similarity queries. Unfortunately, the performance of nearest neighbor (NN) algorithms, the basis for similarity search, quickly deteriorates with the number of dimensions. In this paper we propose a method called Clustering with Singular Value Decomposition (CSVD), combining clustering and singular value decomposition (SVD) to reduce the number of index dimensions. With CSVD, points are grouped into clusters that are more amenable to dimensionally reduction than the original dataset. Experiments with texture vectors extracted from satellite images show that CSVD achieves significantly higher dimensionality reduction than SVD along for the same fraction of total variance preserved. Conversely, for the same compression ratio CSVD results in an increase in preserved total variance with respect to SVD (e.g., at 70% increase for a 20:1 compression ratio). Then, approximate NN queries are more efficiently processed, as quantified through experimental results.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Preliminary results of laser-assisted sealing of hand-sewn canine esophageal anastomoses

Dehiscence rates of esophageal anastomoses range between 5 and 20%. Causative factors include ischemia, tension, foreign body reaction, microabscesses, and the negative pressure within the thoracic cavity. Laser assisted tissue sealing (LATS) has been shown to decrease anastomotic leakage rates in other tissues. Using a canine model the efficacy of LATS in enhancing single layer hand swen intrathoracic esophageal anastomoses was assessed. Via a left thoracotomy, paired two centimeter transverse incisions (one laser sealed, one control) were made in the proximal and distal esophagus in nine dogs. Both were sewn using a single layer of 4-0 polyglycolic acid. A combination of albumin (0.2 cc), sodium hyaluronate (0.4 cc), and indocyanine green (1 gtt) was applied to one of the randomly chosen hand sewn repairs. The albumin/hyaluronate combination is used to provide a protein matrix across the anastomosis for ingrowth of fibroblasts. Indocyanine green dye selectively absorbs at $OM805 nm which matches the output of the diode laser (808 +/- 1 nm), thus improving uptake of laser energy by the targeted tissues. The anastomosis was then exposed to continuous wave diode laser energy for $OM2 minutes at a power density of 9.6 W/cm2. The esophagus was recovered either at the time of sealing or two days postoperatively and infused with saline under pressure. Bursting pressures were considered the point of initial saline leakage. At time 0 there was no significant difference in bursting pressures between the LATS group and controls. However, at two days postoperatively controls burst at 121 +/- 14 mmHg while the laser assisted anastomoses burst at 295 +/- 35 mmHg (p < .005). HPS staining of uninjured portions of the laser sealed anastomoses revealed minimal thermal injury to the mucosal surface initially, with some regeneration of mucosal lining at two days postoperatively. No foreign body reaction to the solder was noted. Laser reinforcement of single layer hand sewn esophageal anastomoses appears to increase bursting pressure and may result in reduced incidence of anastomotic leakage.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Advance and application of the stratigraphic simulation model 2D- SedFlux: From tank experiment to geological scale simulation

Abstract The stratigraphic simulation model 2D- SedFlux is further developed and applied to a turbidite experiment in a subsiding minibasin. The new module dynamically simulates evolving hyperpycnal flows and their interaction with the basin bed. Comparison between the numerical results and the experimental results verifies the ability of 2D- SedFlux to predict the distribution of the sediments and the possible feedback from subsidence. The model was subsequently applied to geological-scale minibasins such as are located in the Gulf of Mexico. Distance from the sediment source is determined to be more influential than the sediment entrapment in upstream minibasin. The results suggest that efficiency of sediment entrapment by a basin was not influenced by the distance from the sediment source.
Technology: The wealth of nations

Abstract The paper addresses a rather important question: What is wealth and how is it created? Until relatively recently in history, wealth has been considered to be “a gift of nature,” even by philosophers. It follows from this idea that, once all such gifts are known, the economic system must be a “zero-sum game.” The interesting theoretical questions then concern the existence and nature of equilibrium, and the major sociopolitical issues must be distributional in nature. Indeed, mainstream economics has continued to build theories based on static equilibria until past the middle of the twentieth century. The starting economic growth that took place over the two-plus centuries from 1750 to the present time really connat be explained by “classical” economics. Since the 1950s it has been realized that economic growth can only be explained by introducing the notion of technological progress. This idea has attracted increasing attention since then. Nevertheless, mainstream theory has been extremely slow to incorporate—still less explain—this important phenomenon. The paper concludes that most wealth in existence today originates in technological innovation. Labor and capital play a role, but while wealth has material aspects, it is essentially a form of “condensed” useful information, or knowledge. Its ultimate origin is the human mind. In other words, wealth is not a gift of nature, nor is it derived from “labor” in traditional Marxian terms. Nor is it a simple consequences of the law of compound interest as applied to money in the bank. Money is a convenient measure of relative wealth, at least for some purposes, but money by itself does not create new wealth. The theoretical and philosophical implications of this proposition are interesting and nontrivial, but they are not pursued further in the paper. The major point made is the obvious one: If the major source of societal wealth today is technology, it is of vital importance to learn more about the underlying processes. The U.S. became rich by being good at technological innovation, but other countries that were once good innovators have slipped, and our own technological lead is slipping now. We do not know nearly enough about the determinants of invention, innovation, investment, adoption or, diffusion of technology.
Immunochemical detection of 7-methylguanine residues in nucleic acids

Abstract The ability of specific antibodies to react with 7-methylguanine residues in nucleic acids was investigated. Anti-7-methylguanine specific antibodies precipitated polymers of poly-guanylic acid which were methylated to an extent of 35 or 70% at the N-7 position of guanine, indicating that these antibodies could readily detect 7-methylguanine residues in a polynucleotide. This reaction was proportional to the total amount of 7-methylguanine present, suggesting further that quantitation of these residues is possible. To determine the minimal amount required for detection, varying amounts of 7-methylguanine were introduced into calf thymus DNA by alkylation with dimethyl sulfate. While showing no reaction with denatured nonalkylated DNA, the reaction of antibodies with alkylated DNA was proportional to the amount of 7-methylguanine in the preparations. Moreover, the antibodies appeared to detect differences in the distribution of 7-methylguanine residues in extensively methylated DNA. Precipitation was observed with DNA containing as little as one 7-methylguanine residue per 300 nucleotides, suggesting that these antibodies can be used to detect biologically significant levels of 7-methylguanine in viral and cellular nucleic acids.
Under the Law Teen prostitution in Kensington

This paper seeks to investigate the effects of a changing economy on youth labor. With increased pressure on the nuclear family, which emerged out of a capitalist framework, financial responsibility is shared by youth. This economic unit was once dependent on male wage earners but now is no longer able to sustain itself due to deindustrialization. Because of existing governmental parameters on youth labor, many young women choose marginal labor such as prostitution. This paper addresses various monocausal explanations which fail to explain why teens enter into sex work such as drug abuse, sexual abuse and failing family values. Using a Marxist framework, I contend that teens choose prostitution in reaction to economic constraints on the family unit. Entering into sex work changes the relationships that youth have with their families, communities and with the state. It is hoped that this paper will unveil the effects capitalism has on youth labor as well as the conditions in which these youth live.
Stability constants of iron(III)-8-hydroxyquinoline complexes

Abstract Spectrophotometric determination of the formation constants of iron(III)-8-hydroxyquinoline complexes in 0.1 M sodium perchlorate solution at 25° gave the values K1=[FeOx2+]/([Fe3+][Ox-])=4.9·1013, K2=[FeOx2+]/([FeOx2+][Ox-])=4.2·1012 and K3=[FeOx3]/([FeOx2+][Ox-])=3.9·1010. FeOx2OH and FeOx(OH)2 are obtainable as solid phases. FeOx3 (Ksp=3·10-44, intrinsic solubility 1.6·10-7 M) dissolves in basic solutions to form FeOx2(OH)2 -In a solution saturated with FeOx3, ([FeOx2(OH)2-][Ox-])/[OH-]2=7.7·10-5.
Currency of selected U.S. federal government agency annual reports received by depository libraries

Abstract A selection of U.S. government annual reports from the List of Classes was examined for currency of receipt. Holdings, latest depository issue received, date received, and entries in American Statistics Index were examined for each report. The reports were then categorized as current, not current, current not received, and discontinued. The titles of these reports, except for the current category, are listed in the appendices. Regularity of receipt and microfiche as a factor in current receipt were also considered. Slightly more than half of the reports in the study were found to be current; many of these were erratic in receipt. The study indicates that lack of currency was often due to discontinuation, failure of the publication to enter the depository system, delay in conversion to microfiche, or an agency's delay in publication. No strong evidence of delay in Government Printing Office in-house processing of materials was found.
A comparison of the success of artificial cover types for capturing amphibians and reptiles

The use of artificial cover objects, or cover boards, is a common method for collecting and surveying amphibians and reptiles. Cover objects, plywood and corrugated tin, were placed in open and closed canopy sites in an east Texas floodplain. The assemblages captured were compared between tin and wood. The odds of capture were compared between the two types as well as the odds of capture in open and closed canopy sites. The combined amphibian and reptile assemblages differed between tin and plywood. The odds of capturing an amphibian or reptile under corrugated tin were slightly higher (1.2:1) when compared to plywood. Further, the odds of capture were less likely in closed canopy sites (0.89) than open canopy sites.
Polarized-beam study of the paramagnetic scattering from bcc iron

Reliable magnetic scattering cross sections are obtained for bcc Fe at $T=1.02{T}_{c}$ and $1.06{T}_{c}$ using polarized neutrons and polarization analysis. The constant-$q$ measurements cover a $q$ range of 0.1-0.6 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ with an energy range extending up to 50 meV. These scans consist of broad energy distributions centered at zero energy with no peaks observed at finite-energy transfers, in contrast to the results reported by Lynn. A simple paramagnetic scattering function $S(q,\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}[\frac{1}{({\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{1}^{2}+{q}^{2})}][\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}{({\ensuremath{\Gamma}}^{2}+{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2})}]$ is shown to describe the iron cross sections quantitatively, and in absolute units, for the $q$ and energy range specified above. The peaks observed in constant-energy scans are simply energy slices of the paramagnetic scattering function and thus should not be interpreted as spin-wave peaks. We conclude that in the ($q$,$\ensuremath{\omega}$) region covered in our polarized beam studies, neither propagating spin waves nor giant short-range magnetic order exist in Fe above ${T}_{c}$.
The impact of high dielectric constant on photonic bandgaps in PbSe nanocrystal based photonic crystal slabs

A detailed study was carried out to understand the photonic crystal design rules with very high dielectric constant (e>13), based on plane wave expansion and finite difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques. It is found that the optimal dielectric constant contrast is indeed the one between conventional semiconductors (e=12-14) and air. Either too high or too low contrast can lead to the reduction of complete photonic bandgap. With very high bulk dielectric constant (e=20-25), PbSe nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) are suitable for air hole based PC structure with large TE gap. On the other hand, NQD backfilled photonic crystals with tunable bandgap is proposed based on the control of packing density of NQDs inside the air holes of photonic crystal structures. Both theoretical and experimental results on the integration process are reported.
Comparison of parallel and spiral tagged MRI geometries in estimation of 3-D myocardial strains

Research involving the quantification of left ventricular myocardial strain from cardiac tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extensive. Two different imaging geometries are commonly employed by these methodologies to extract longitudinal deformation. We refer to these imaging geometries as either parallel or spiral . In the spiral configuration, four long-axis tagged image slices which intersect along the long-axis of the left ventricle are collected and in the parallel configuration, contiguous tagged long-axis images spanning the width of the left ventricle between the lateral wall and the septum are collected. Despite the number of methodologies using either or both imaging configurations, to date, no comparison has been made to determine which geometry results in more accurate estimation of strains. Using previously published work in which left ventricular myocardial strain is calculated from 4-D anatomical NURBS models, we compare the strain calculated from these two imaging geometries in both simulated tagged MR images for which ground truth strain is available as well as in in vivo data. It is shown that strains calculated using the parallel imaging protocol are more accurate than that calculated using spiral protocol.
Ferret badger Melogale moschata activity, movements, and den site use in southeastern China

We conducted field studies of ferret badgersMelogale moschata (Gray, 1831) during March–November 1994 and May–July 1996 at Taohong Village in southeastern China. Capture data suggested that they gave birth in May, and telemetry data on 11 individuals indicated that they were nocturnal. Size of resting home ranges (daybed locations only;n ≥ 20 re-locations) of 6 individuals averaged 11 ha (range 1–25 ha) and no sex-specific differences in size were detected. Distances between daily resting sites averaged 101 m, but ferret badgers often (51% of occasions) returned to sites used the previous day. Ferret badgers readily used a variety of shelters as daybeds, including rodent dens (47%), firewood stacks (20%), open fields (17%), and rock piles (5%) around houses.
Bone health and oral health.

ABSTRACT Background Low bone mass in the skeleton, which increases the risk of osteoporotic fracture, also may be associated with periodontal bone loss and tooth loss. Osteoporosis and periodontal disease share several common risk factors, including older age, smoking and perhaps insufficient dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D. Conclusion Research supports the idea that osteoporosis independently influences alveolar bone height loss. Strategies for reducing osteoporosis risk also may help retard alveolar bone loss. Meeting dietary intake recommendations for calcium and vitamin D is one strategy that is appropriate for a broad segment of the population. Clinical Implications A healthy lifestyle has multiple benefits for the mouth and throughout the body. Dental professionals can play a role in preventing osteoporosis by reinforcing this message.
Update on pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer remains the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in males and females in the beginning of this new millennium. The 5-year survival for all stages remains less than 5%. The frequent diagnosis at late stages of the disease limits the role of surgery as a curative modality in pancreatic cancer. Despite recent advances, systemic treatment continues to have a limited role in the adjuvant setting, and chemotherapy is mostly palliative in advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. The differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies is, many times, challenging. Advances in the understanding of the disease biology may help in better diagnosis and treatment approaches. Clinical trials with molecular targeting agents are starting to emerge.
Dynamic strain aging in aluminum alloys

Abstract The athermal component of flow stress, as it is normally determined, is frequently in error for polycrystalline alloys of aluminum. The reason is that a transient occurs in the flow stress-deformation temperature curve for these alloys the character of which is a result of dynamic strain aging. The intensity of dynamic strain aging is a function of the initial structural state of the alloy as well as of its chemical composition. Dynamic strain aging tends to interfere with the normal tendency of an aluminum alloy when worked to form a distinct dislocation cell structure; the tendency to produce a non-cellular array of dislocations increases with an increase in the intensity of dynamic strain aging. Dynamic strain aging contributes significantly to the mechanical strengthening of aluminum alloys. Thermomechanical processing procedures which control this phenomenon allow unusual mechanical properties to be developed in aluminum alloys.
Examination of organisms associated with mucin in the colon by scanning electron microscopy

Abstract Different preservation techniques were compared to investigate changes introduced into rat colonic mucosa as a result of chemical treatment and dehydration prior to examination using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Rapid fixation with osmium vapour followed by freeze-drying produced samples closest to the in vivo appearance, but the use of liquid fixatives, particularly when combined with solvents currently in use prior to critical-point drying, enabled successive layers of oraganisms to be seen beneath the top surface of the mucin. Use of the sputter cryo attachment to the SEM to provide further detail from freeze-fractured material is discussed.
Design of Polymeric Immunomicrospheres for Cell Labelling and Cell Separation

Synthesis of several classes of hydrophylic microspheres applied to cell labeling and cell separation is described. Five classes of cross-linked microspheres with functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, amide and/or pyridine groups were synthesized. These functional groups were used to bind covalently antibodies and other proteins to the surface of the microspheres. To optimize the derivatisation technique, polyglutaraldehyde immunomicrospheres were prepared and utilized. Specific populations of human and murine lymphocytes were labelled with microspheres synthesized by the emulsion of the ionizing radiation technique. The labelling of the cells by means of microspheres containing an iron core produced successful separation of B from T lymphocytes by means of a magnetic field.
Treatment of lichen sclerosus with potassium para-aminobenzoate

In five patients with symptomatic lichen sclerosus, significant clinical improvement was obtained following the administration of potassium para-aminobenzoate. Improvement was characterized by a marked decrease or absence of symptoms and a flattening of skin lesions. (J AM ACRD Dermatol 10:1039-1042, 1984.)
Effects of competition, herbivory and substrate disturbance on growth and size structure in pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) seedlings

We examined separate and interactive effects of intraspecific competition, vertebrate browsing and substrate disturbance on the growth and size structure of pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) in the first two seasons of growth after clearcutting, in a hardwoods forest in New Hampshire, United States. Over the 15-month study period, 97.5% of 1801 individuals survived, and mean plant height increased from 4-fold at high density to 5-fold at low density. Relative height growth was significantly lower at higher plant densities in two of the three growth periods examined. Vertebrate browsers (moose and deer) significantly preferred taller plants. Browsed plants had higher relative height growth following browsing than unbrowsed plants (compensatory growth) at low and intermediate densities. The degree of compensation declined with density and compensation was not significant at the highest density level. At low and intermediate densities, plants browsed early in life regained height dominance through compensatory growth; they failed to regain dominance at high density. Because compensatory growth tended to offset the effects of size-selective browsing, there was no difference in the degree of size inequality between browsed and unbrowsed plots. However, size inequality increased with plant density. Substrate disturbance caused by logging had no significant effects on either relative height growth or size inequality. The slope of the relationship between relative height growth and initial height increased significantly with density and time, and was higher in unbrowsed than in browsed plots, suggesting that competition among plants was size-asymmetric. Despite the preference of browsers for large plants, there was a clear net growth advantage for plants of large initial size, when the effects of competition, browsing and compensatory growth were combined. The interactive effects of density and browsing demonstrate the importance of a multifactorial approach to the analysis of individual plant performance and population structure.
An Observation of an Oceanic Front

A detailed temperature section across an oceanic front in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific is described. The frontal zone was moving at about one knot from the colder water toward the warmer water. The temperature difference across the front was 5° F. In the temperature section it is possible to see the cold water overrunning the warm water and creating an unstable zone approximately 100 yards wide. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01878.x
Treatment of meningococcic meningitis in children with a single intravenous dose of sodium sulfadiazine

Summary 1. Nine patients reported here have been treated with a single dose of sodium sulfadiazine intravenously with complete recovery. 2. The single large intravenous dose of sulfadiazine will maintain a sulfa level in the spinal fluid and blood adequately long for rapid recovery. 3. With the present method of treatment there is every indication that the present quarantine period of meningococcic meningitis is unnecessarily too long. 4. It is possible that less than 2 grains per pound of body weight will be adequate to give the same result. Further studies will be necessary to determine the minimum single dose of sulfadiazine sufficient for rapid recovery. 5. High sulfadiazine levels are shown to be well-tolerated if adequate alkalinization of the urine is maintained. Gilligan, and associates 12 and Flippin, Schwartz, and Domm 13 have previously proved the advantages of adjuvant alkali therapy. 6. Spinal fluid cultures were sterile twenty-four hours after a single large intravenous dose of sodium sulfadiazine, thereby lessening the chance for complications and sequelae.
Impact of assimilating physical oceanographic data on modeled ecosystem dynamics in the California Current System

Abstract A method to model ocean ecosystems using data-constrained physical circulation estimates is investigated. Physical oceanographic data is assimilated into a Regional Ocean Modeling System implementation of the California Current System using an incremental 4-Dimensional Variational method. The resulting state estimate drives a complex, self-assembling ocean ecosystem model for the year 2003, and results are evaluated against SeaWiFS surface and CalCOFI subsurface observations and with ecosystem model output driven by an unconstrained physical model. While physical data assimilation improves correlation with observations, this method also drives elevated levels of phytoplankton standing stock, leading to a large bias particularly in regions of low mean concentration. We identify two causes for this increase: biological rectification of fluctuating vertical nutrient transport due to gravity wave generation at assimilation cycle initialization and increased nutrient variance on density surfaces. We investigate one and propose other possible remedies for these deleterious side-effects of this data assimilation method.
Chisholm's Epistemic Principles

: An exposition and discussion of Chisholm's “epistemic principles.” These are compared with relevant views of Wilfrid Sellars and Richard Foley. A further comparison, with the approach favored by Descartes, is argued to throw light on the status of such principles.
EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY AND DURATION OF SIMULATED ACIDIC RAINFALLS ON SOYBEAN YIELDS

Summary An experiment to determine the effects of simulated acidic rain, applied at two frequencies and durations, on seed yields of two commercial cultivars of soybeans was performed during the summer of 1983. Plants were shielded from all ambient rainfalls automatically by two moveable exclusion covers and exposed to simulated rainfalls in quantities equal to the average amount of rainfall that occurs at the site during the growing season. Seed yields of soybeans (cv. Amsoy) exposed twice weekly to simulated rain of pH 41, 3.3 and 2.7 were, respectively, 0, 10 and 17 % below yields of plants exposed to simulated rain of pH 5.6. The linear treatment-response function of seed yield versus rainfall pH for Amsoy was + 9.18 + 0.74x and had a correlation coefficient of 0.86 y is seed mass per plant and x is the pH of the simulated rain). The linear component of pH treatment differences showed a highly significant decrease in yield (P= 0.0034). For Amsoy plants exposed to simulated rainfalls daily, plants exposed to pH 4.1, 3.3 and 2.7 exhibited yields 10, 19 and 12%, respectively, below those exposed to simulated rainfalls of pH 56. A treatment-response function (P= O.0713) of seed yield vs rainfall pH was y+ 7.35 + 0.56x and had a correlation coefficient of 0.84. Seed yields of the Williams cultivar were not affected by rainfall acidity. In both cultivars the daily, short duration rainfall regimen resulted in significantly lower yields compared with the twice weekly, longer duration rainfalls. The major portion of the differences in seed yield can be accounted for by the observed differences in number of pods per plant.
Collapse of flux tubes.

Flux tubes are one of the most elementary systems of quantum chromo dynamics. They are the idealized configurations of heavy quark-antiquark pairs at large separation L such that the region between can be assumed to possess axial-cylindrical symmetry. They play a central role in lattice QCD calculations and in models of QCD, as well as in the phenomenology of QCD processes.
Patterns of morphological, biochemical, and molecular evolution in the Oeneis chryxus complex (Lepidoptera: Satyridae): a test of historical biogeographical hypotheses.

Surveys of allozyme allele frequency and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation were employed to test historical biogeographical hypotheses on the origin and unique distribution of the synchronized biennial, high-altitude butterflies of the Oeneis chryxus complex in western North America. Populations of O. c. stanislaus and O. ivallda from the central and northern Sierra Nevada are indistinguishable by use of allozyme allele frequency data, possessed nearly identical mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) haplotypes, and were found to be relatively distantly related to O. c. chryxus from the Snake Range in eastern Nevada. However, individuals of O. ivallda from Piute Pass in the southern Sierra Nevada are more variable, with some individuals sharing mtDNA characteristics with O. c. chryxus. We find little support for the hypothesis proposed by W. Hovanitz in 1940 that O. c. stanislaus invaded the central Sierra Nevada from across the Great Basin and displaced O. ivallda, but cannot reject the hypothesis that ancestral Oeneis dispersed across the Great Basin to California. This result is congruent with hypotheses of dispersal across the Great Basin for the origin of some Sierran alpine organisms.
Effects of aging on the precedence effect in sound localization

The precedence effect in sound localization can be evoked by presenting identical sounds (e.g., clicks) from pairs of loudspeakers placed on opposite sides of a subject's head. With appropriate inter-loudspeaker delays, normal subjects perceive a fused image originating from the side of the leading loudspeaker. Separate tests at loudspeaker delays ranging from 0 to 8 ms were presented to groups of young and elderly subjects. At 0 ms delay, young subjects perceived the fused image to be located halfway between the loudspeakers; at progressively longer delays, the image was perceived closer to the leading loudspeaker. Significant numbers of elderly subjects exhibited discrimination difficulties with delays below 0.7 ms.
Stimulation of Mammary Epithelial Cell Growth in Vitro: Interaction of Epidermal Growth Factor and Mammogenic Hormones

A serum-free primary cell culture system was used to examine the direct effects and interactions of mammogenic hormones and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the growth of mouse mammary epithelial cells. Epithelial cells were isolated by collagenase dissociation followed by Percoll gradient centrifugation and cultured within collagen gels in a mixture of Ham's F-12-Dulbecco's Minimum Essential Medium (1:1) containing insulin (10 micrograms/ml), crude soybean lecithin, trace elements, trypsin inhibitor, and antioxidants. Progesterone (P; 10(-6) - 10(-8) M) or ovine PRL (1 microgram/ml), in the absence of EGF, stimulated the growth of cells from mature virgin mice 2- to 4-fold over that of controls cultured in basal medium only. P and PRL synergized in stimulating growth 3- to 17-fold. 17 beta-Estradiol (10(-7) - 10(-10) M) alone did not stimulate growth or synergize with P and/or PRL. This lack of growth stimulation by 17 beta-estradiol was also observed in medium containing a low concentration of insulin (0.1 microgram/ml). EGF (10 ng/ml) alone stimulated growth to the same extent as the combination of P and PRL. EGF at 1, but not 10, ng/ml when combined with P and PRL could additively stimulate growth. Cells from midpregnant mice were less responsive than cells from virgin mice to the growth-stimulating effects of the combination of P and PRL (2-fold stimulation at most), but not to EGF (3- to 6-fold stimulation). Corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and aldosterone, but not cortisol, could synergize with PRL in stimulating the growth of cells from mature virgin mice. However, only deoxycorticosterone could stimulate growth in the absence of PRL. These results suggest that PRL, P, and adrenal corticoids may directly stimulate the growth of mouse mammary epithelial cells. The physiologically relevent adrenal corticoids, corticosterone and aldosterone, only potentiate the stimulatory effect of PRL. The hormonal stimulation of growth in vitro can be obscured by an optimum concentration (10 ng/ml) of EGF. The relative growth responses to mammogenic hormones and EGF may depend on the degree of differentiation of the cells.
Dynamics of Solution Displacement in 1-Adamantanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers

We have investigated the dynamics of solution-phase displacement of preformed 1-adamantanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on Au{111} by n-dodecanethiol molecules on both the ensemble (millimeter) and molecular (nanometer) scales. Employing scanning tunneling microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, we have observed complete displacement of the preformed 1-adamantanethiolate self-assembled monolayers by n-dodecanethiol molecules via nucleation and growth. We have established and evaluated the experimental parameters that influence 1-adamantanethiolate self-assembled monolayer displacement. With established parameters, the resolution and reproducibility of chemically patterned surfaces, applicable in areas ranging from microelectronics to biocompatible systems, have been improved to fabricate and to control structures at the supramolecular 1−100 nm scale.
Potential Applications of the X-Ray/Density Method for the Comparison of Atomic-Weight Values

Without presenting experimental details, this report outlines and reappraises the principles involved in measurement of crystal lattice parameters and density for the determinations of atomic-weight values. Attention is drawn to the advantages to be derived from a comparison of densities and lattice spacings with those of a crystal of mononuclidic elements, rather than from absolute measurements of X-ray spacings and density. Errors arising from physical and chemical imperfections are discussed as are the general techniques of adequate precision for density and lattice spacings measurements. Recent literature data are used by way of illustration to derive the effective atomic weight of calcium appertaining to a group of calcite samples from that of a group of silicon crystals (not an optimum "standard"). The calcium value obtained is 40.0795 ± 0.0019 (probable error); it compares with IUPAC's adopted 40.08 and a "physical value" of 40.078 from nuclidic masses and isotopic abundance measurements. There are several elements for which the X-ray/density method is judged to be potentially the most promising for atomic weight re-determinations in the foreseeable future.
This bud's for Vpu.

Successful viruses must overcome the body's immune defenses. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe , Goffinet et al. (2009) provide evidence that the host protein CD317, the target of the HIV Vpu protein, is part of an ancient innate immune response directed against budding viruses.
Somamides A and B, two new depsipeptide analogues of dolastatin 13 from a Fijian cyanobacterial assemblage of Lyngbya majuscula and Schizothrix species.

Somamides A (1) and B (2) were isolated from assemblages of the marine cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula and Schizothrix sp. from the Fijian Islands. These new depsipeptides are analogous in structure to the cyanobacterial metabolite symplostatin 2 (4) as well as dolastatin 13 (3), originally isolated from Dolabella auricularia, further demonstrating the cyanobacterial origin of the dolastatins.
Optimization of high temperature sulfur impregnation on activated carbon for permanent sequestration of elemental mercury vapors

Following previous success with the use of activated carbon impregnated with sulfur at elevated temperatures for elemental mercury control, possible improvements in the impregnation procedure were evaluated in this study. Adsorbents prepared by thoroughly mixing sulfur and activated carbon in the furnace at the initial sulfur-to-carbon ratio (SCR) ranging from 4:1 to 1:2 showed similar adsorptive behavior in a fixed-bed system. Maintaining a stagnant inert atmosphere during the impregnation process improves sulfur deposition resulting in the enhanced dynamic capacity of the adsorbent when compared to other sulfur impregnated carbons. The fate of spent adsorbents was assessed using a toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP). Although mercury concentration in all leachates was below the TCLP limit (0.2 mg/L), virgin activated carbon lost a significant fraction of the adsorbed elemental mercury during storage, while no loss was observed for sulfur-impregnated carbons. This finding suggests that vir...
5-(2-Carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxybenzofuran, a fungal metabolite of xanthotoxin

Tolerant strains of Gibberella pulicaris (anamorph: Fusarium sambucinum) metabolize the phytoalexin xanthotoxin to 5-(2-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxybenzofuran. This compound does not inhibit the growth of strains that are sensitive to xanthotoxin itself and all xanthotoxin-tolerant and xanthotoxin-sensitive strains tested were able to further degrade the metabolite. This is the first report of fungal detoxification of a furanocoumarin.
Abstract B9: Community strategies for investigating the biology of breast and cervical cancer initiation in African-American women

Background: African-American women have the highest overall cancer death rate from breast and cervical cancer and shortest survival of any racial and ethnic group in the United States. These disparities are heightened in the Southern United States. For example, the US breast cancer death rate is 23.0 (per 100,000) for Caucasian women, as compared to 34.3 for African-American women. The North Carolina breast cancer death rate is 27.2 for Caucasian women and 38.0 for African Americans; and in our study area, Durham County, the breast cancer death rate is 27.5 for Caucasians and 42.0 for African-Americans. The causes of these inequalities are complex and interrelated, but arise, at least in part, from disparities in income, education, nutrition, and access to healthcare. For complex historical reasons, African-Americans have had mixed experiences in accessing care and in the quality of care they receive. In addition, distrust has arisen within the African-American community regarding the intents and purposes of health care researchers. Cutting edge breast imaging technology, prevention, and early detection trials exist at academic that could potentially improve early diagnosis and increase our chance of understanding the complex relationship between disparities, genetics, diet, and the environment in promoting breast cancer. Lack of access, mistrust, and community barriers all play a key role in preventing young African-American women from benefiting from state-of-the-art breast imaging and new strategies for early detection of breast and cervical cancer. Methods and Results: To address the unacceptably high death rate among young African-American women from breast and cervical cancer, we have used a multi-disciplinary intervention that includes: 1) community Navigators, 2) access to breast and cervical cancer prevention and early detection services through free community clinics, 3) community partnered breast and cervical cancer prevention trials, and 4) opportunities for mentorship and career development. As a result, we have been able to improve access to early detection strategies in a community based setting and have provided mentorship for 27 young Minority scholars to enter medical school and graduate programs. Our community based breast MRI trial for underserved women has performed over 600 breast MRI since 2004. Over 50% of these women entered in this trial are Women-of-Color. Conclusion: A community based strategy can be highly successful for improving early detection of breast and cervical cancer but only if there is community participation during the initiation of clinical trials and joint community-academic mentorship of young Minority Scholars. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B9.
Channeling simulation in Ni3Al

Measurements using ion channeling and Rutherford backscattering have indicated that Hf and Ta dopants in ordered Ni3Al alloys are located predominately on the Ni sites. Because other experiments have indicated the dopants to be on the Al sites, computer simulations of the ion channeling and scattering processes have been performed to see whether some unusual factor could lead to erroneous conclusions when the standard methods to interpret channeling results are used. Consideration has been given to the effects of a higher average charge on the Al sites if high Z dopants are located there, to the effects of displacement amplitudes for the dopants that differ from those of the host atoms, and to the effects of mosaic spread in the crystal. It is concluded that the most straightforward way to interpret the ion scattering results is that the Hf and Ta are mostly on the Ni sites in the alloys. However, it appears that the impurities could be mostly on the Al sites if the impurity atoms have a substantially smaller displacement amplitude than do the host atoms in the alloys.
Construction of BIB designs with various support sizes—with special emphasis for v = 8 and k = 4

Abstract This paper deals with methods of constructing new BIB designs from known designs. First, we provide a method of finding trades on a given BIB design so that new designs with the same parameters ν, b, k can be constructed. Second, we point out that the method of combining designs mentioned in [9] is particularly useful for constructing designs based on ν = 2k, k even, when designs based on ν = 2k − 1 are available. By utilizing the above methods with the aid of Table I in [4], we have constructed a table of 53 BIB designs based on V = 8 and k = 4 with support sizes 14 ⩽ b ∗ ( 8 4 )=70 except for b ∗ = 15, 16, 17, 19 . BIB designs with ν = 8, k = 4 and b ∗ are shown to be nonexistent.
The alteration of serotonin binding sites in aged human brain.

Abstract The in vitro binding of [3H]serotonin ([3H]5-HT) to cerebral cortex from young and old adult humans was studied. With cortex from human males 23–29 years old, the binding of [3H]5-HT was a saturable process, and bound [3H]5-HT could be displaced by unlabeled 5-HT or by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Two separate binding sites were discernible by Scatchard analysis. The dissociation constants were 7 nM (Kd1) and 52 nM (Kd2), and the total number of binding sites were 0.65 (n1) and 2.06 (n2) pmoles/mg protein, respectively. In cerebral cortex from aged humans (61–70 years old), the dissociation constant for [3H]5-HT binding was 198 nM, and the total number of binding sites were 4.78 pmoles/mg protein. The alteration of serotonin binding sites may be related to cerebral malfunction in old people, particularly to mental depression and sleep disturbances that commonly occur.
The Role of Habits and Stocks in Consumer Expenditure

I. Introduction, 127.—II. The Houthakker-Taylor demand model, 128.—III. Theoretical analysis, 129.—IV. Estimation, 133.—V. The empirical results, 136.—VI. Conclusions, 141.
Rapid thin-layer electrophoretic separation and estimation of all vitamin B6 compounds and of some 5-hydroxyindoles.

Abstract A rapid method for the simultaneous separation and estimation of all vitamers of the B 6 group labeled with 14 C, extracted from various tissues, is deseribed. It is based on high-voltage electrophoresis of small aliquots of tissue extracts applied on cellulose-coated plates. With this method 0.1 μg quantities of unlabeled B 6 vitamer solutions and 0.5 μg of 5-hydroxyindole solutions could also be separated and spectrofluorometrically determined.
Protein and small molecule recognition properties of deep cavitands in a supported lipid membrane determined by calcination-enhanced SPR spectroscopy.

This paper details the incorporation of a water-soluble deep cavitand into a membrane bilayer assembled onto a nanoglassified surface for study of molecular recognition in a membrane-mimicking setting. The cavitand retains its host properties, and real-time analysis of the host:guest properties of the membrane:cavitand complex via surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence microscopy is described. The host shows selectivity for choline-derived substrates, and no competitive incorporation of substrate is observed in the membrane bilayer. A variety of trimethylammonium-derived substrates are suitable guests, displaying varied binding affinities in a millimolar range. The membrane:cavitand:guest complexes can be subsequently used to capture NeutrAvidin protein at the membrane surface if a biotin-derived guest molecule is used. The surface coverage of NeutrAvidin is affected by the spacer used to derivatize the biotin. Increased distance from the bilayer allows a higher concentration of protein to be immobili...
Minimax methods in critical point theory with applications to differential equations

An overview The mountain pass theorem and some applications Some variants of the mountain pass theorem The saddle point theorem Some generalizations of the mountain pass theorem Applications to Hamiltonian systems Functionals with symmetries and index theorems Multiple critical points of symmetric functionals: problems with constraints Multiple critical points of symmetric functionals: the unconstrained case Pertubations from symmetry Variational methods in bifurcation theory.
Stability and dynamic response of pressurized journal bearings with nuclear water pump applications

Abstract The solution of the Reynolds' equation for short journal bearings is obtained considering ambient pressure levels above the fluid cavitation pressure. Equilibrium load carrying capacity and linearized bearing stiffness and damping coefficients are calculated for various values of ambient pressure. The effect of ambient pressure on journal stability is treated and an instability threshold speed map presented. A nonlinear transient analysis gives orbits which compare well with experimental results. Applications include the effects of pressurization on the stability of feed water pump bearings in nuclear reactors and plain seals in turbomachinery. A rotor undergoing stable motions whirls synchronously with operating speed producing bending stresses which are constant over time. Unstable motion created by pressurization cause stress reversals in the shaft. Such motion may increase to large amplitudes. The final size of the limit cycle rotor orbits depends on the nonlinearities in the rotor system.
PHYSICAL STUDIES ON RIBOSOMES FROM PEA SEEDLINGS.

80 s ribosomes from the buds of pea seedlings, ribosomal aggregates and 60 s, 40 s and 26 s subunits have been examined in the ultracentrifuge and as positively- and negatively-stained preparations in the electron microscope. The subunits appear to dissociate and reaggregate with comparative ease; in particular the 60 s can associate to form particles heavier than 80 s and can dissociate to a 50 s particle, presumably through the loss of a 26 s subunit. Subunits have been stabilized and fractionated on sucrose gradients containing phosphate buffer and 10% formalin; in fact it was found that centrifuging into sucrose containing formalin was a superior method of fixing pea ribosomal preparations generally. The 26 s subunit appears to be an elongated particle, about 210 to 250 A long by 90 A across. Two of these lying side-by-side are similar in size to the 40s subunit, a disk-like particle 210 to 250 A in diameter and about 80 A thick. The 60 s subunit consists of a 40 s particle plus a pair of 26 s particles lying side-by-side, while the whole 80 s ribosome contains an additional 40 s particle, which with the other 40 s probably sandwiches the two 26 s subunits. In well-preserved pea ribosomes, there is no indication of cleavage furrows between subunits. There is some evidence that in these ribosomes portions of the ribonucleoprotein molecules exist as rods about 50 A in diameter.