cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maximum nullity of outerplanar graphs and the path cover number

Abstract Let G = ( V , E ) be a graph with V = { 1 , 2 , … , n } . Define S ( G ) as the set of all n × n real-valued symmetric matrices A = [ a ij ] with a ij ≠ 0 , i ≠ j if and only if ij ∈ E . By M ( G ) we denote the largest possible nullity of any matrix A ∈ S ( G ) . The path cover number of a graph G , denoted P ( G ) , is the minimum number of vertex disjoint paths occurring as induced subgraphs of G which cover all the vertices of G . There has been some success with relating the path cover number of a graph to its maximum nullity. Johnson and Duarte [5], have shown that for a tree T , M ( T ) = P ( T ) . Barioli et al. [2], show that for a unicyclic graph G , M ( G ) = P ( G ) or M ( G ) = P ( G ) - 1 . Notice that both families of graphs are outerplanar. We show that for any outerplanar graph G , M ( G ) ⩽ P ( G ) . Further we show that for any partial 2-path G , M ( G ) = P ( G ) .
The effect of volume change during directional solidification of binary alloys

The effect of solidification contraction is examined through numerical simulations of hypoeutectic Pb?Sn alloys. In addition, particular attention is given to numerically approximating the solidification of the eutectic liquid. In order to predict the inverse segregation at the cooled surface accurately, the contribution of the boundary integral is retained in the weak formulation of the solute conservation equation. This procedure eliminates the false flux, which incorrectly causes a negative segregation at the cooled surface. In the case of vertical solidification under gravity, when channels form, the shrinkage turns the flow inside the channel downwards and towards the solidifying eutectic. Without including shrinkage, the flow in an entire channel is upwards.
Effect of inhaled glucocorticoids in childhood on adult height.

We measured adult height in 943 of 1041 participants (90.6%) in the Childhood Asthma Management Program; adult height was determined at a mean (±SD) age of 24.9±2.7 years. Starting at the age of 5 to 13 years, the participants had been randomly assigned to receive 400 μg of budesonide, 16 mg of nedocromil, or placebo daily for 4 to 6 years. We calculated differences in adult height for each active treatment group, as compared with placebo, using multiple linear regression with adjustment for demographic characteristics, asthma features, and height at trial entry. Results Mean adult height was 1.2 cm lower (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.9 to −0.5) in the budesonide group than in the placebo group (P = 0.001) and was 0.2 cm lower (95% CI, −0.9 to 0.5) in the nedocromil group than in the placebo group (P = 0.61). A larger daily dose of inhaled glucocorticoid in the first 2 years was associated with a lower adult height (−0.1 cm for each microgram per kilogram of body weight) (P = 0.007). The reduction in adult height in the budesonide group as compared with the placebo group was similar to that seen after 2 years of treatment (−1.3 cm; 95% CI, −1.7 to −0.9). During the first 2 years, decreased growth velocity in the budesonide group occurred primarily in prepubertal participants. Conclusions The initial decrease in attained height associated with the use of inhaled glucocorticoids in prepubertal children persisted as a reduction in adult height, although the decrease was not progressive or cumulative. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Center for Research Resources; CAMP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000575.)
Do engineering students fail because they don't know how to fail?

Freshmen engineering retention rates are low in universities across the country even though recruiting efforts target the highest quality high school students. This study addresses the effect helping students cope with academic failure and if this can be used to increase student retention. This paper discusses an approach by the University of Pittsburgh's Freshman Engineering Program in order to address the emotional issues that the freshmen students endure due to their academic failure. It was determined through this research that the freshmen engineering students must adjust their unrealistic, preconceived academic expectations transferred from high school, as well as accept academic failure and learn to react in a positive manner to their classroom performance. We have found our students do not know how to deal with failure.
High Risk of Diabetes and Neurobehavioral Deficits in Individuals With Surgically Treated Hyperinsulinism.

Context: Children with the most common and severe type of congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) frequently require pancreatectomy to control the hypoglycemia. Pancreatectomy increases the risk for diabetes, whereas recurrent hypoglycemia places children at risk of neurocognitive dysfunction. The prevalence of these complications is not well defined. Objective: The objective was to determine the prevalence of diabetes and neurobehavioral deficits in surgically treated HI. Design: This was designed as a cross-sectional study of individuals who underwent pancreatectomy for HI between 1960 and 2008. Outcomes: Diabetes outcomes were assessed through patient interview and medical record review. Neurobehavioral outcomes were assessed through the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, 2nd edition (ABAS-II), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results: A total of 121 subjects were enrolled in the study at a median age of 8.9 years (range, 3.5–50.7 y). Thirty-six percent (44 of 121) of subjects had diabetes. Nine subj...
Family Socioeconomic Status and Consistent Environmental Stimulation in Early Childhood

The transition into school occurs at the intersection of multiple environmental settings. This study applied growth curve modeling to a sample of 1,364 American children, followed from birth through age 6, who had been categorized by their exposure to cognitive stimulation at home and in preschool child care and 1st-grade classrooms. Of special interest was the unique and combined contribution to early learning of these 3 settings. Net of socioeconomic selection into different settings, children had higher math achievement when they were consistently stimulated in all 3, and they had higher reading achievement when consistently stimulated at home and in child care. The observed benefits of consistent environmental stimulation tended to be more pronounced for low-income children.
Structural Changes in Freshwater Mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) Assemblages Downstream of Lake Somerville, Texas

Abstract Yegua Creek, a tributary of the Brazos River, Texas has yet to be comprehensively surveyed for freshwater mussels, despite previous studies documenting high mussel abundance and richness and the occurrence of Quadrula houstonensis, a federal candidate species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We qualitatively sampled mussels at 52 sites in lower Yegua Creek to assess the status of mussel populations and provide a baseline for future monitoring efforts. In total 10,010 mussels representing 16 species were observed, including Q. houstonensis and Truncilla macrodon, which is also a federal candidate species. Mussel species richness and abundance increased with distance downstream from Lake Somerville, which corresponded with changes in assemblage structure. Recruitment was lowest near Lake Somerville and highest in reaches located in the middle sections of the study area. Taken together these results indicate that Lake Somerville may be negatively impacting the mussel fauna in Yegua Creek. Desp...
Differential relationships among the 10-Hz rhythmic discharges of sympathetic nerves with different targets

Partial coherence analysis was used to remove the influences of the central circuits controlling a sympathetic nerve (as reflected by its discharges) on the coherence of the 10-Hz discharges of other sympathetic nerves in unanesthetized decerebrate or urethan-anesthetized cats. In many cases, partialization reduced but did not eliminate the sharp peak near 10 Hz in the coherence functions relating the discharges of sympathetic nerve pairs. This observation implies that the central sources of the 10-Hz rhythmic discharges of any nerve are not identical to those responsible for the rhythm recorded from any other nerve. Partial coherence analysis also revealed differential relationships among the 10-Hz rhythmic discharges of sympathetic nerves with different targets. Importantly, the pattern of differential relationships observed in one experiment could be the reverse of that in the next. Although the basis for the differential relationships is not yet clear, nonuniform coupling of multiple brain stem 10-Hz oscillators and/or nonuniform cross talk between spinal circuits controlling different sympathetic nerves may be involved.
Investigation on food borne diseases due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in suburb county of Beijing from 2005 to 2011

Objective:To find out the causes of four cases of food borne disease which broke out in suburb county of Beijing from 2005 to 2011.To discover,diagnose and treat food borne disease timely and effectively and to provide basis for making scientific prevention and control strategies.Methods:Epidemiological investigation was carried out on four incidents.The samples collected from scenes were tested in accordance with national standard methods.Results:Three cases of food borne disease were caused by seafood contaminated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus.In the fourth case,Vibrio parahaemolyticus were only isolated from feces.26 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from 62 samples.The positive rate was 41.9%.Conclusion:The safety of processing seafood and the control of contamination from food borne pathogen should be given great attention.The supervision and management of catering enterprises for food safety also should be strengthened.At the same time,the food sample keeping system in food enterprises should be strictly implemented in order to find out the causes of food borne disease.Publicity on food safety should be enhanced;Prevention and control of foodborne disease should be improved.
Study on the Genotoxicity of the Biological Amnion Evaluated by Mouse Bone Marrow Micronucleus Study

Objective: Use mouse bone marrow micronucleus study to evaluate the possibility of genotoxicity of the biological amnion . Methods: The study was based on the requirements of the GB/T16886.3-1997/ ISO10993-3: 1992 Results: All animals appeared clinically normal throughout the study. Weight changes over the course of the study were normal. There are no notable differences between the extract of the biological amnion and the negative control of the Percent PCE (P0.05).There was no evidence of genotoxicity. Conclusion: Under the condition of this study, the test article can not induce genotoxicity.
Cardiovascular drugs in the treatment of infantile hemangioma

Since the introduction of propranolol in the treatment of complicated infantile hemangiomas (IH) in 2008, other different beta-blockers, including timolol, acetabutolol, nadolol and atenolol, have been successfully used for the same purpose. Various hypotheses including vasoconstriction, inhibition of angiogenesis and the induction of apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells have been advanced as the potential beta-blocker-induced effect on the accelerated IH involution, although the exact mechanism of action of beta-blockers remains unknown. This has generated an extraordinary interest in IH research and has led to the discovery of the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the biology of IH, providing a plausible explanation for the beta-blocker induced effect on IH involution and the development of new potential indications for RAS drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers in the treatment of IH. This review is focused on the current use of cardiovascular drugs in the treatment of IH.
A dying patient, like me?

When should a physician disclose personal information to a patient, and what do we do when a particular case touches on our own suffering? At a deeper level, how do we deal with our own mortality in caring for the seriously ill and dying?
Internalized Homophobia, Pathological Grief, and High-Risk Sexual Behavior in a Gay Man With Multiple Psychiatric Disorders

Male sexual fantasy motivates sexual activity, yet its determinants have not yet been completely described. In this article a patient is discussed who experienced the onset of a new erotic fantasy during middle age. This motivated risky sexual behavior during a 7-month period. Although the patient's self-destructive sexual activity ceased as a result of supportive psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment of his psychiatric disorders, his sexual fantasy persists. In order to understand Mr. X's history and course it is necessary to have a psychodynamic perspective. The reasons that his treatment included both psychopharmacology and psychotherapy are discussed.
Asymmetric Synthesis of γ-Lactones through Koga Amine-Controlled Addition of Enediolates to α,β-Unsaturated Sulfoxonium Salts.

A chiral Koga amine-controlled asymmetric synthesis of cis-γ-lactones through a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of enediolates with α,β-unsaturated sulfoxonium salts is described. The desired structural motif was formed in moderate to good yields (50–71% for 13 examples), with good to very good diastereoselectivity (dr 5:1 to 10:1 for 20 examples), favoring the cis-isomer, and good to excellent enantioselectivity (70–91% ee for 13 examples).
Truncating shortest path search for efficient map-matching

We study the problem of map-matching, or finding the route on a road network from a trace of noisy and sparse observed points, particularly when a huge number of points are given. The algorithms based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are known to achieve high accuracy for noisy and sparse data but suffer from high computational cost. We find that the bottleneck of the HMM-based map-matching is in the shortest path search for calculating transition probabilities. We propose a technique to truncate the shortest path search before finding all the shortest paths in the HMM-based map-matching without losing accuracy. We run the one-to-many shortest path search on the reversed network and terminate the search based on the log likelihood of the Viterbi algorithm. Computational experiments show that the proposed approaches can reduce the computational cost by a factor of at least 5.4.
Robust LRFD Resistance Factor Calibration for Axially Loaded Drilled Shafts in Las Vegas

AbstractResistance factors for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of axially loaded drilled shafts in the Las Vegas Valley are calibrated using data from 41 field load tests. In addition to t...
Interobserver variability in upgraded and non-upgraded BI-RADS 3 lesions

Aim To evaluate interobserver variability in the assessment of Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 3 mammographic lesions, and to determine if the initial evaluation of upgraded BI-RADS 3 lesions was appropriate. Materials and methods Retrospective review of the mammography database (1/1/2004–12/31/2008) identified 1,188 screen-detected BI-RADS 3 lesions, 60 (5.1%) were upgraded to BI-RADS 4/5 during surveillance (cases). Cases were matched to 60 non-upgraded BI-RADS 3 lesions (controls) by lesion type, laterality, and year. Available studies were assessed separately by two radiologists blinded to outcomes. Results Eighty-two studies were available (43 cases, eight malignancies, and 39 controls). Reader 1 assessed 18/82 (22%) as BI-RADS 0, 13 cases, five controls; 35/82 (42.7%) as BI-RADS 2, 11 cases, 24 controls; 7/82 (8.5%) BI-RADS 3, four cases, three controls; 22/82 BI-RADS 4, 15 cases, seven controls. Reader 2 assessed 8/82 (9.8%) as BI-RADS 0, four cases, four controls; 27 (32.9%) BI-RADS 2, 11 cases, 16 controls; 33 (40.2%) BI-RADS 3, 19 cases, 14 controls; 14 (17%) BI-RADS 4, nine cases, five controls. For cancers, reader 1 assessed two BI-RADS 0, one BI-RADS 2, one BI-RADS 3, and four BI-RADS 4; reader 2 assessed two BI-RADS 2, four BI-RADS 3, and two BI-RADS 4. Reasons for BI-RADS 0 assessment included incomplete mammographic views, lack of ultrasound, and failure to include the lesion on follow-up imaging. Reasons for BI-RADS 4 assessment included suspicious morphology or instability. Conclusion There is much interobserver variability in the assessment of BI-RADS 3 lesions. Many BI-RADS 3 lesions were judged as incompletely evaluated on blinded review.
Ethical imperatives against item restriction in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly known as food stamps) is the federal government's largest form of food assistance, and a frequent focus of political and scholarly debate. Previous discourse in the public health community and recent proposals in state legislatures have suggested limiting the use of SNAP benefits on unhealthy food items, such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). This paper identifies two possible underlying motivations for item restriction, health and morals, and analyzes the level of empirical support for claims about the current state of the program, as well as expectations about how item restriction would change participant outcomes. It also assesses how item restriction would reduce individual agency of low-income individuals, and identifies mechanisms by which this may adversely affect program participants. Finally, this paper offers alternative policies to promote healthier purchasing and eating among SNAP participants that can be pursued without reducing individual agency. Health advocates and officials must more fully weigh the attendant risks of implementing SNAP item restrictions, including the reduction of individual agency of a vulnerable population.
Application of GMDH in Modeling of Manual Materials Handling Activities

This paper investigates the application of Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) in modeling of Manual Materials Handling Activities (MMHA). GMDH is a powerful heuristic technique that can be applie...
Radiation Exposure in Cardiac Catheterization: Operator Behavior Matters.

Ionizing radiation has detrimental effects on exposed human tissues. These effects are dose-related and include both tissue reactions, such as skin necrosis, and increased risk for stochastic events, such as radiation-induced cancer. See Article by Georges et al The development and refinement of advanced invasive cardiovascular procedures over the past 2 decades has led to increased exposure to both patients and to medical personnel. At the population level, between 1987 and 2006, exposure to medical radiation increased from 0.6 millisieverts (mSv) per year to 4 mSv per year.1 This exposure now exceeds that because of background radiation (average 3 mSv per year). Patient exposure during an interventional cardiology procedure averages 8 to 10 mSv, with some complex procedures using substantially greater doses. Interventional operators receive an average effective dose of 1.2 microsieverts (μSv) per procedure for femoral access and 2.3 μSv for radial access.2 Consequently, a busy interventionalist performing 300 procedures a year with 80% radial access may accumulate 0.6 mSv occupational exposure in a year. Over a 30-year career, an operator would incur an exposure of 18 mSv. Exposures of these magnitudes for both patients and operators, while considered acceptable, are not trivial. While the great clinical value of x-ray fluoroscopically guided invasive cardiovascular procedures is considered to justify the modest hazard conferred by the attendant radiation exposure, the hazard magnitude is directly related to dose with no known threshold for stochastic effects. The ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) states that it is axiomatic that exposure to both patients and medical personnel should be minimized. This principle fosters an ongoing endeavor to reduce patient and operator dose without importantly compromising study quality. We congratulate the authors of the study entitled “Time-Course Reduction in Patient Exposure to Radiation From Coronary Interventional Procedures: The Greater Paris Area …
O1 The incidence of ankle injuries in intramural and club sports at the united states military academy

Study Design Retrospective cohort. Objectives To examine the incidence rate and describe the type of ankle injuries in intramural and club sports at the United States Military Academy. Background Ankle injuries are common among athletes and military personnel. However, there is limited epidemiological data for intramural and club sports participation. Methods and Measures Ten years (academic years 2006–2007 through 2015–2016) of ankle injury data was collected from the Cadet Illness and Injury Tracking System (CIITS) for flag football, team handball, judo, orienteering, rugby, and ultimate Frisbee. The primary outcome of interest was ankle injury incidence rate (IR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 1000 athlete exposures (AEs) across all sports and by individual sport. AEs were defined as one cadet participating in a game or practice. Secondary outcomes included type of ankle injury and time lost (TL). Results A total of 276 ankle injuries were documented in CIITS during 283,049 AEs, for an IR of 0.98/1000 AEs (95% CI: 0.86–1.10). By sport, the highest to lowest incidence rates were as follows: rugby (IR=2.29; 95% CI: 1.90–2.73), team handball (IR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.11–2.16), judo (IR=1.09; 95% CI: 0.70–1.61), orienteering (IR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.56–1.01), ultimate Frisbee (IR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.42–0.85), and flag football (IR=0.18; 95% CI: 0.09–0.31). Ankle sprains represented 87.1% of all ankle injuries at a rate of 0.84/1,000 AEs (95% CI: 0.73–0.95) with 20.04±34.89 days lost. The highest IR of ankle sprains were in rugby (IR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.61–2.38) and team handball (IR=1.41; 95% CI: 0.97–1.97). Other injuries included ankle strains (5.1%; TL=3.50±8.43 days), inflammation (3.7%; TL=33.60±73.24 days), fractures (1.9%; TL=105.40±50.60 days), contusions (1.5%; TL=6.25±5.80 days), and dislocations (0.4%; TL=163.00±0.00 days). Conclusion Ankle sprains were the most frequent ankle injury across all six sports with the highest incidence rates in rugby and team handball. Clinical efforts should be targeted toward implementing injury-prevention strategies such as bracing or neuromuscular training.
The Biochemistry of Odorant Reception and Transduction

Odor reception and signal transduction have for some years represented the two major foci within the “molecular mechanisms of olfaction” group. Significant findings of the past decade allow us to view olfaction in a new light. We are finally beginning to see how the primary step of odor recognition really does work. This passage alone frees us to consider a more limited set of possibilities at more central levels. A significant debate has been peripheral vs. central. Does the peripheral nervous system, i.e. the primary receptor cells, have a dynamic role in determining how we perceive odor, or are the dynamic aspects of odor perception the restricted domain of the central nervous system, i.e. the brain? The specificity of peripheral receptors has always been recognized, however the nature of this specificity has been questioned. Is peripheral odor discrimination accomplished using many receptors, each with high specificity, or only a few receptors, each with relatively low specificity? In the extreme many-receptor case, each receptor is activated by a different molecular component of a complex mixture. With increased specificity, fewer distinct molecules can be detected. There are thus certain volatile molecules that can not be smelled, and the number of distinct receptors should reflect the number of molecules that can be smelled. In the extreme few-receptor case, each receptor is activated by a broad spectrum of different component molecules. With decreased specificity, more distinct molecules can be detected. All volatile molecules can be smelled, but not necessarily distinguished, and the number of distinct receptors should be far fewer than the number of molecules that can be smelled.
A tale of two termini:: A functional interaction between the termini of an mRNA is a prerequisite for efficient translation initiation

A quarter of century following the prediction that mRNAs are translated in a circular form, recent biochemical and genetic evidence has accumulated to support the idea that communication between the termini of an mRNA is necessary to promote translation initiation. The poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) interacts with the cap-associated eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4G (in yeast and plants) and eIF4B (in plants), a functional consequence of which is to increase the affinity of PABP for poly(A) and to increase the affinity of the cap-binding complex, eIF4F (of which eIF4G is a subunit) for the 5' cap structure. In mammals, PABP interacts with a novel PABP-interacting protein that also binds eIF4A. The interaction between PABP and those initiation factors associated with the 5' terminus of an mRNA may also explain the role of PABP during mRNA turnover, as it protects the 5' cap from attack by Dcp1p, the decapping enzyme. Several of those mRNAs that have evolved functional equivalents to a cap or a poly(A) tail nevertheless require a functional interaction between terminal regulatory elements similar to that observed between the 5' cap and poly(A) tail, suggesting that efficient translation is predicated on communication between largely-separated regulatory elements within an mRNA.
Osmotic Adjustment and the Role of Turgor in Mycelial Fungi

Mycelial fungi crack pavements and destroy homes, burrow through soils and into plants and animals, harpoon rotifers, lasso nematodes, and ejaculate spores. Turgor pressure is responsible, at least in part, for all these phenomena. Like other eukaryotic microorganisms, fungal cells contain a higher concentration of solutes than their surroundings. In consequence, water flows into cells by osmosis during growth. To control cytoplasmic dilution, and the concomitant increase in volume, cells must either remove water with a contractile vacuole or resist swelling with a wall. Therefore, walled cells are pressurized by an influx of water which is driven by osmosis. Because growth must be accompanied by water uptake, mechanisms to control dilution and avoid dehydration are found in all fungi.
Mental Stress Ischemia: Characteristics, Pathophysiology, Prognosis and Treatment

Mental stress ischemia (MSI) is a recently recognized phenomenon defined by the occurrence of myocardial ischemia during the experience of mentally and/or emotionally stressful circumstances. A substantial research effort has been directed at improving our understanding of this phenomenon, and determining whether it has prognostic significance beyond that associated with the underlying, chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). This effort has also been directed toward determining whether it is possible to specifically treat this phenomenon, and whether treatment improves prognosis. In this chapter, I will first review the literature that describes this phenomenon, relying on both naturalistic and laboratory-based studies. I will then describe the research conducted on the pathophysiology that might underlie MSI, and follow this by a review of the literature concerning prognostic significance and treatment. I will end with a discussion of future directions for research. Rather than provide a comprehensive review of the literature, this chapter will be selective in the literature discussed, the general aim being to inform the reader about MSI.
Application of mesothelin immunostaining in tumor diagnosis.

Abstract:Mesothelin is a differentiation antigen that was first described as the antigenic target of the monoclonal antibody K1. Using this antibody, it was demonstrated that mesothelin is strongly expressed in normal mesothelial cells, mesotheliomas, nonmucinous ovarian carcinomas, and some other m
Query optimization using local completeness

We consider the problem of query plan optimization in information brokers. Information brokers are programs that facilitate access to collections of information sources by hiding source-specific peculiarities and presenting uniform query interfaces. It is unrealistic to assume that data stored by information sources is complete. Therefore, current implementations of information brokers query all possibly relevant information sources in order not to miss any answers. This approach is very costly. We show how a weaker form of completeness, local completeness, can be used to minimize the number of accesses to information sources.
Genetic analysis of inbred and topcross progeny of an elite, single-cross maize population

The utility of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in detecting quantitative trait loci (QTL) in maize (Zea mays L.) populations has been established. Conflicting results have been reported on the ability to consistently detect the same QTL across environments. Our objectives were to compare the QTL for grain yield and yield components detected in two diverse environments in an elite, adapted maize population and to investigate the relationship among the genetic factors controlling these correlated traits. A population of 150 Fzis lines was produced from the cross of elite inbreds Mo17 and H99. The lines were evaluated for two years at the same location. The first year had relatively average growing conditions, but the second year with cool, wet growing conditions provided a stress environment. Grain yield and yield components were measured on replicated progeny each year. By using a linkage map of 111 loci, QTL determinations were made in the two environments and in the mean of the two environments. About 50% of all QTL detected across environments were detected in both environments. These QTL were consistent in the magnitude of their effects and parental contribution. QTL determinations in the mean of the two environments were most informative in that 74% of all QTL and about 82% of the QTL detected in each of the individual environments were identified in the mean environment. Most QTL were identified in regions that had QTL for two or more yield components. Parental contribution and location of these QTL corresponded to the correlation between the respective traits. Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, lA 50011. Journal Paper no. J-16059 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Economics Exp. Stn. Project no. 3134. *Corresponding author.
Sleep Disturbance in Orthopaedic Trauma Patients.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and severity of sleep disturbance experienced by patients who have sustained a traumatic orthopaedic injury, how sleep disturbance affects the patient's perceived health quality, and identify factors associated with sleep disturbance. Design Cross-sectional cohort study. Setting Urban Level I trauma center. Patients/participants Three hundred thirty-five nonconsecutive patients who presented to clinic at various stages of treatment for their traumatic orthopaedic injuries. Main outcome measurements Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and 36-item short form-36 (SF-36) survey questionnaires; injury severity score (ISS). Results The average PSQI score was 10.3 (±4.8). Two hundred eighty-eight (86.0%) patients had a PSQI score ≥5, indicating the presence of sleep disturbance. The PSQI score was ≥10 in 183 (54.6%) patients, which is sleep disturbance similar to the level seen in clinical depression. Patients reported an average sleep latency of 38.9 (±37.5) minutes, with a total nightly sleep time of 6.3 (±1.9) hours. Univariate statistical analysis demonstrated that age, time since injury, and all components of the SF-36 were significantly associated with increased PSQI scores. When these variables were assessed with multivariate analysis to control for confounding variables, the bodily pain, vitality, and mental health components of the SF-36 remained independently associated with PSQI (P ≤ 0.001, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively). ISS measurements at the time of presentation were not associated with PSQI scores. Conclusions Our findings suggest that sleep disturbance is both highly prevalent (86% PSQI ≥5) and severe (54.6% PSQI ≥10) in patients recovering from a traumatic orthopaedic injury. The bodily pain, vitality, and mental health components of the SF-36 were independently associated with worse sleep quality. The average orthopaedic trauma patient presents with a sleep score similar to that seen in clinical sleep disorders and clinical depression. Interestingly, in our study, the severity of the overall injury burden as measured by ISS and time since injury were not independently associated with the severity of sleep disturbance, as one might expect. Level of evidence Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Molecular Circuitry Underlying Pluripotency in Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Abstract Pluripotency is maintained through a complex network of signaling pathways that interact with transcription factors including octamer binding protein 4, SRY- box 2 , and Nanog, chromatin modifying complexes, microRNAs, and the DNA structure itself to preserve the undifferentiated, self-renewing state. Whereas the signaling requirements for the maintenance of stem cells can vary by species of origin, state of the stem cells, and culturing conditions, the core transcriptional circuity activated and maintained by these pathways is highly conserved. The self-sustaining nature of the pluripotency network is evident in the finding that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state through the transient introduction of a small group of factors, which serve to reestablish the stem cell signaling and transcriptional network. Growing understanding of the molecular circuitry of pluripotency has major implications for the field's view of developmental biology and disease pathogenesis and is important for the evolving field of regenerative medicine.
Data on floating treatment wetland aided nutrient removal from agricultural runoff using two wetland species

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Floating treatment wetland aided nutrient removal from agricultural runoff using two wetland species" (Spangler et al., 2018). This Data in Brief article provides data on concentrations of common ions, macro- and micro-nutrients and metals every other week during a floating treatment wetland (FTW) mesocosm experiment, and macro- and micro-nutrient contents in cumulative plant tissues, data on continuously monitored water temperature, and nitrogen and phosphorus removal curves assessed every other week. The full data set is made available to enable critical or extended analysis of the research.
Using insurance to enhance nitrogen fertilizer application to reduce nitrogen losses to the environment.

The advantage of using insurance to help a farmer adopt a best nitrogen management plan (BNMP) that reduces the impact of agricultural production on the environment is analytically and empirically demonstrated. Using an expected value analysis, it is shown that an insurance program can be structured soas to reduce a farmer's cost of bearing the adoption risk associated with changing production practices and, thus, to improve the farmer's certainty equivalent net return thereby promoting the adoption of a BNMP. Using the adoption of growing-season only N fertilizer application in Iowa as a case study, it is illustrated how insurance may be used to promote the adoption of this practice to reduce N fertilizeruse. It is shown that it is possible for a farmer and an insurance company both to have an incentive to develop an insurance adoption program that will benefit both the farmer and the insurance company, increasing net social welfare and improving environmental quality in Iowa.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activator Strains Lactobacillus reuteri R2lc and 2010.

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus reuteri R2lc and 2010 are pigmented rat intestinal isolates. L. reuteri R2lc has been studied in different animal disease models, including colitis and acute liver injury. We sequenced both isolates and identified novel secondary metabolite gene clusters, which may be linked to the probiotic potential of these strains.
IoT Device Discovery for Incidence Response

IoT devices are not fully adapted to incidence response techniques owing to the fact that the current incidence response tools and procedures are not able to meet the heterogeneity and distributed nature of the IoT infrastructures. As a result, gathering, examining and analyzing potential traces of any incident from IoT environments poses a challenge to incident responders. This paper presents a tool that will provide useful information to an investigator about the IoT devices on some specific network. The developed tool will help in discovering IoT devices on a network that is able to support IoT investigative capabilities with a degree of certainty.
Occupational Therapy Role in School-based Practice: Perspectives from Teachers and OTs

Researchers utilized a survey design to explore perceptions of the school-based occupational therapy (OT) role from both OTs and teachers. Respondents answered questions pertaining to the value of ...
Innovative Research Methods to Advance Precision in Home Visiting for More Efficient and Effective Programs

Home visiting during early childhood can improve a range of outcomes for children and families. As evidence-based models are implemented across the nation, two questions have emerged. First, can home visiting improve outcomes more efficiently? Second, can overall effects be strengthened for specific subgroups of families? For the past several decades, research focused on testing the average effects of home visiting models on short- to long-term outcomes has found small impacts. These effects are not the same for all families. The field needs new evidence produced in new ways to overcome these challenges. In this article, we provide an overview of the evidence in this field, including what works and for whom. Next, we explain precision approaches to various fields and how this approach could be used in home visiting programs. Research on precision home visiting focuses on the ingredients of home visiting models, collaborating with practitioners to identify the ingredients and testing them on near-term outcomes, and using innovative study designs to learn more quickly what works best for which families. We conclude by proposing four pillars of research that will help achieve precision home visiting services.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Tinnitus Apps

Purpose The use of mobile phones is on the rise worldwide. Many people who experience tinnitus often turn to the Internet and applications (apps) on their smartphones to acquire information on tinn...
Adaptive design for systems factorial technology experiments

Abstract Systems factorial technology (SFT) is a powerful framework for examining how people use multiple sources of information together. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to apply. Appropriate manipulation of the salience of each source of information is critical to assessing processing characteristics so a significant amount of time can be spent piloting to determine the correct levels. Even with piloting, some participants’ data ends up unusable due to individual differences. We first examine the use of an accuracy-only adaptation for stimulus levels, based on the Psi method. In some cases a focus entirely on accuracy may be insufficient, particularly given that response time (RT) is the primary measure with SFT. Hence, we also introduce an approach to adapting stimulus levels for each individual participant’s joint accuracy and RT. This will increase the likelihood that salience manipulations will be effective and that a participant’s data will be usable.
Directional Wave Buoy to Support Low-to-Mid Frequency Ocean Acoustic Studies DURIP Grant

Abstract : This DURIP grant was directed towards the preparation for the Targets and Reverberation Experiment that occurred off Florida during the spring of 2013 (TREX13). Preparation included the procurement of instrumentation to measure the directional wave spectrum which is an important environmental driver to shallow water, mid-to-high frequency sonar performance in particular and underwater acoustic propagation in general. A primary objective was the purchase of a commercially available, directional wave buoy, with a second objective to use remaining funds for enhancing the capability of the acoustic receiving arrays for use in TREX13.
Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Periodic Linear Quadratic Control

This paper presents a first solution to the problem of adaptive LQR for continuous-time linear periodic systems. Specifically, reinforcement learning and adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) techniques are used to develop two algorithms to obtain near-optimal controllers. Firstly, the policy iteration (PI) and value iteration (VI) methods are proposed when the model is known. Then, PI-based and VI-based off-policy ADP algorithms are derived to find near-optimal solutions directly from input/state data collected along the system trajectories, without the exact knowledge of system dynamics. The effectiveness of the derived algorithms is validated using the well-known lossy Mathieu equation.
Chapter 3 – Student Knowledge

Publisher Summary A student model in an intelligent tutor observes student behavior and creates a qualitative representation of a student's cognitive, and affective knowledge. This model partially accounts for student performance (time on task, observed errors) and reasons about adjusting feedback. A domain usually refers to an area of study, and the goal of most intelligent tutors is to teach a portion of the domain. Building a domain model is often the first step in representing student knowledge, which might represent the same knowledge as the domain model, and solve the same problems. A student model is often built as an overlay or proper subset of a domain model. Such models show the difference between novice and expert reasoning, perhaps by indicating how students rate on mastery of each topic, missing knowledge, and which curriculum elements need more work. Bandwidth describes the amount and quality of information available to the student model. Some tutors record only a single input word or task from students. Open user modeling reflects the student's right to inspect, and control the student model, and participate in its creation, and management. It is also called overt, inspectable, participative, cooperative, collaborative, and learner-controlled modeling aimed at improving the student modeling enterprise. Open user model refers to the full set of tutor beliefs about the user, including modeling student knowledge as well as preferences, and other attributes.
The Role of English Proficiency in HPV and HPV Vaccine Awareness: A Cross-Sectional Study Across Race/Ethnicity.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and associated with over 90% of cervical cancer cases. The present study aimed to examine levels of HPV and HPV vaccine awareness and associated factors, particularly English proficiency, across various racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Two cross-sectional datasets, 2017 and 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTs), were analyzed for the current study. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Findings: Non-Hispanic Whites had the highest levels while non-Hispanic Asians had the lowest levels of awareness regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine. English proficiency was significantly associated with increased HPV awareness among all groups except non-Hispanic Asian, and was significantly associated with greater HPV vaccine awareness in all groups. Discussion: In order to promote health equity across race/ethnicity, language barriers among minorities should be addressed when implementing health education on HPV and the HPV vaccine.
Introducing Teachable Moments Matters.

Abstract The Teachable Moments Matter (TMM) category of articles is designed to offer readers insight into a methodological issue identified within a companion article. Written in collaboration with one of the companion article authors, these articles provide an opportunity to focus on a challenge experienced by the authors and, in the process, provide one or more perspectives as to how to successfully navigate this issue. The Journal hopes this case-based approach will help to highlight an issue nuance in context, something that might get “lost” in the entirety of a full-length article.
Artemisia scoparia promotes adipogenesis in the absence of adipogenic effectors.

Objective Extracts of Artemisia scoparia (SCO) have antidiabetic properties in mice and enhance adipogenesis in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone (ROSI), are pharmacological activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma that also promote adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine adipogenic pathways responsible for SCO-mediated adipogenesis and identify potential differences between SCO and ROSI in the ability to promote adipocyte development. Methods The ability of SCO or ROSI to promote adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells following systematic omission of the common triad of adipogenic effectors dexamethasone, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX), and insulin was examined. Adipogenesis was assessed by both neutral lipid quantitation and adipocyte marker gene expression. Results The results demonstrate that SCO and ROSI promote adipogenesis and increase the expression of several peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma target genes involved in lipid accumulation in the absence of MIX. However, ROSI can enhance adipogenesis in the absence of MIX and insulin and differentially regulates adipogenic and lipid metabolism genes as compared with SCO. Conclusions These data demonstrate the adipogenic capabilities of SCO are similar but not identical to ROSI, thereby warranting further research into SCO as a promising source of therapeutic compounds in the treatment of metabolic disease states.
Live-Cell Imaging of Guanosine Tetra- and Pentaphosphate (p)ppGpp with RNA-based Fluorescent Sensors**

Guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate, (p)ppGpp, are important alarmone nucleotides that regulate bacterial survival in stressful environment. A direct detection of (p)ppGpp in living cells is critical for our understanding of the mechanism of bacterial stringent response. However, it is still challenging to image cellular (p)ppGpp. Here, we report RNA-based fluorescent sensors for the live-cell imaging of (p)ppGpp. Our sensors are engineered by conjugating a recently identified (p)ppGpp-specific riboswitch with a fluorogenic RNA aptamer, Broccoli. These sensors can be genetically encoded and enable direct monitoring of cellular (p)ppGpp accumulation. Unprecedented information on cell-to-cell variation and cellular dynamics of (p)ppGpp levels is now obtained under different nutritional conditions. These RNA-based sensors can be broadly adapted to study bacterial stringent response.