cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein Environments and Electron Transfer Processes Probed with High-Frequency ENDOR

Natural photosynthetic conversion of solar energy to chemical energy is a unique phenomenon which sustains all life on Earth. The key step of photosynthetic energy conversion involves rapid, photoinduced sequential electron transfers (ET) resulting in efficient charge separation across a biological membrane. Fundamental to fully understanding these ET events is discerning the involvement of heterogeneous polypeptide environments surrounding the redox cofactor sites. High-resolution X-ray crystal structures of reaction center (RC) proteins reveal the structure of cofactors and surrounding protein environments; however, static crystallographic protein structures do not readily yield details of how native dynamic solution protein structures fine-tune ET processes and coupled reactions, such as proton transfer. Thus, novel approaches complementary to crystallography are required to experimentally correlate structural, electrostatic, and dynamic features of localized protein environments with inherent ET reactions. In this chapter we discuss one of the advanced experimental techniques being developed to tackle this problem. Using recent examples from our laboratory, we demonstrate the potential of high-frequency (HF), time-resolved (TR) electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy to reveal unique information about structure/function relationships in photosynthetic ET. First, we discuss light-induced protein conformational states of P+Q B − trapped in purple photosynthetic bacterial RCs at low temperature and matrix ENDOR techniques for examining the local protein environment surrounding Q B − for these states. Second, we describe the HF TR ENDOR study of the spin-correlated radical pair P+Q A − . These experiments permit us to directly probe light-induced reorganization of the protein in response to the rapid formation of the charge-separated state. General principles obtained from the novel application of these methodological approaches to native biological systems will help in the development of biomimetic solar energy conversion assemblies.
The effect of the long-term feeding of raw soy flour on the pancreas of the mouse and hamster.

The effects of the long-term feeding of mice and hamsters with raw (RSF) or heated (HSF) soy flours were investigated both in the presence and absence of chemical carcinogens. Mice which had been fed RSF for 18 months had enlarged pancreas but only a relatively low incidence of atypical acinar cell nodules (AACN). Mice on either RSF or HSF were also relatively resistant to the carcinogenic effects of azaserine which is known to produce a high incidence of AACN in rats. Hamsters which had been fed RSF for 15 months did not exhibit pancreatic enlargement and had a very low incidence of pancreatic tumors. Although the incidence of tumors in hamsters which had been injected with N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine and maintained on HSF was very high (88%), those on RSF had a tumor incidence of less than 10%. Thus, there appears to be a marked difference in the response of the pancreas in different species of animals to the long-term effects of feeding RSF. This should be taken into consideration in evaluating the potential carcinogenicity of the trypsin inhibitors.
The Future of the Social Sciences: Between Empiricism and Normativity

This article takes a processualist position to identify the current forces conducive to rapid change in the social sciences, of which the most important is the divergence between their empirical and normative dimensions. It argues that this gap between the many and various empirical ontologies we typically use and the much more restricted normative ontology on which we base our moral judgments is problematic. In fact, the majority of social science depends on a “normative contractarianism.” While this ontology is the most widely used basis for normative judgments in the social sciences, it is not really effective when it comes to capturing the normative problems raised by the particularity and historicity of the social process, nor the astonishing diversity of values in the world. The article closes with a call to establish a truly processual foundation for our analysis of the social world, which must move away from contractualism and imagine new ways of founding the human normative project.
Novel biomarker signatures for idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: A proteomic and system biology approach

Objective To perform a rigorous in-depth proteomics analysis to identify circulating biomarker signatures for idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), capable of providing new insights into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and putative α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative processes. Methods Serum samples from patients with idiopathic RBD (n = 9) and healthy controls (n = 10) were subjected to a thorough liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS proteomics analysis using ultimate 3,000 nanoLC interfaced to an ESI-orbitrap velos . Data were analyzed with a systems biology approach to identify altered pathways in RBD. Results We identified 259 proteins, 11 of which displayed significantly altered expression level in patients with RBD as compared to controls. Significant reduction in serum levels of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) and vitamin D binding protein (GC) were consistent with alterations in the norepinephrinergic (NErgic) and dopaminergic systems, respectively. Additional altered protein profiles indicated that immunity, inflammation, complement, and coagulation also play a role in RBD pathophysiology. Conclusions Our results shed light on the protein signature profile, molecular pathways, and mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of RBD and its clinical manifestation. This knowledge opens a new avenue towards more accurate and timely diagnosis and characterization of RBD, which might ultimately translate into new therapeutic strategies with disease-modifying effects. Further evaluation of the identified markers is required to confirm their diagnostic value and potential to guide clinical decision-making.
Amphetamine-induced Conditioned Place Preference and Changes in mGlu1/5 Receptor Expression and Signaling in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Abstract The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in the rewarding effect of psychostimulants, although molecular mechanisms underlying the rewarding properties of stimulants in this region are poorly understood. Group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors (mGlu1/5 subtypes) are believed to be critical in this event. We thus in this study investigated changes in mGlu1/5 receptor expression and function in the rat mPFC in response to conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by amphetamine. Repeated amphetamine administration (2.5 mg/kg, once daily on alternate days for 10 days) induced reliable CPP. In the mPFC, surface expression of mGlu5 receptors was elevated in rats after amphetamine conditioning. mGlu5 receptors were also increased at synaptic and extrasynaptic sites in amphetamine-conditioned rats. Expression of mGlu1 receptors was stable in surface and synaptic compartments, while it was elevated in the extrasynaptic location. In mPFC neurons, the mGlu1/5 agonist-stimulated phosphoinositide signaling pathway was upregulated in its efficacy following amphetamine conditioning. The mGlu1/5 agonist-stimulated Src kinase phosphorylation was also augmented in rats treated with amphetamine. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of mPFC mGlu1/5 receptors to amphetamine-induced CPP. Amphetamine conditioning results in the upregulation of mGlu1/5 receptor expression at subcellular and/or subsynaptic levels and mGlu1/5-mediated postreceptor signaling in mPFC neurons.
And so she plays her part: An autoethnographic exploration of body image, consent, and the young actor

Through the lens of the author’s experiences as a former young actor, adult TYA practitioner, and individual in recovery for an eating disorder, this autoethnographic exploration weaves together pe...
Atraumatic splenic rupture in acute myeloid leukemia.

Atraumatic splenic rupture is rare but potentially life-threatening, especially if the diagnosis is delayed.
Chapter 19 – Enuresis/Encopresis

Publisher Summary This chapter explains enuresis and encopresis. It can be conceptualized as the result of genetic predisposition, learned patterns of toileting, and maladaptive environmental contingencies. Enuresis is clearly a treatable disorder; however, rates of relapse or failure to respond to treatment can be significant. Etiological theories of the disorder fall into three general categories: learning, emotional, and biological. Treatment strategies are closely tied to the etiological conceptualization. Additionally, encopresis may develop in combination with stressors such as a poor diet and emotional factors. Encopresis occurs during the day more often than at night and is often accompanied by a strong odor; thus, encopresis is markedly more socially evident and stigmatizing than enuresis. The distress experienced by children and their parents as a result of encopresis is evident in terms of both self-esteem and behavior. Comprehensive behavioral treatment programs which include medical interventions for the clean-out phase and psychotherapeutic techniques to address comorbid emotional features have been shown to be safe and highly effective. There is a dearth of research related to clarifying subtypes of encopresis and dismantling strategies to isolate which aspects of treatment are most effective, when, and for whom. Such research will be crucial in the attempt to increase treatment effectiveness, reduce relapse, and decrease length of treatment.
Successful Interventions to Eliminate Achievement Gaps in STEM Courses

At our institution equity gaps persist between student subgroup populations in STEM courses, mirroring a nationally recognized trend in higher education. This research applies backward design to explore the size of those gaps and reasons for differences in achievement between 1) female versus male, 2) first generation versus non-first generation, 3) LatinX versus non-LatinX, and 4) EOP versus non-EOP student groups. During her career, the first author of this paper designed and applied a comprehensive teaching approach to her large, undergraduate, Computer Science theory course. Careful analysis reveals three main categories of pedagogical practice used during lecture: role modeling, demonstrating productive failure, and illuminating stereotype threat. Five quarters of experimentation, revision, and application of these practices produce promising results for reducing equity gaps. Course design and learning theories from the educational literature are explored and provide the framework the authors use to explore and explain findings.
A Case-Control Study of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project.

Abstract Background The incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is known through referral center databases that may be affected by referral, misclassification, and other biases. We sought to determine the community-based incidence and natural history of PPCM using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP). Methods and Results Incident cases of PPCM occurring between January 1, 1970 and December 31, 2014 were identified in Olmsted County, Minnesota. A total of 15 PPCM cases were confirmed yielding an incidence of 20.3 cases per 100,000 live births in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Clinical information, disease characteristics and outcomes were extracted from medical records in a 27 county region of the REP including Olmsted County and matched in a 1:2 ratio with pregnant women without PPCM. A total of 48 women were identified with PPCM in the expanded 27 county region. There was one death and no transplants over a median of 7.3 years of follow-up. Six of 23 women with subsequent pregnancies developed recurrent PPCM, all of whom recovered. Migraine and anxiety were identified as novel possible risk factors for PPCM. Conclusions The population-based incidence of PPCM was 20.3 cases per 100,000 live births in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Cardiovascular outcomes were generally excellent in this community cohort.
Transitioning from sport: Life satisfaction, depressive symptomatology, and body satisfaction among retired female collegiate athletes

Abstract Retirement from sport has been associated with elevated levels of depression, anxiety and/or body dissatisfaction among athletes. Psychosocial dimensions, such as having reached sport goals and planned for life after sport, may affect how retired athletes’ respond psychologically. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to examine the association between psychosocial aspects of sports transition with body satisfaction, depressive symptoms and, life satisfaction among 217 female former NCAA athletes. Through hierarchical regression analyses, and after controlling for BMI and years since retirement, we determined that athletes who believed they had achieved their sport goals, developed a new life focus after their sport career, had focused on life areas other than just sport while competing, and remained involved in their sport in different ways after retirement reported being more highly satisfied with their lives and their bodies and experiencing fewer depressive symptoms; variance accounted for ranged from 24% to 28% across these outcomes. Athletes’ perceptions of what has occurred in their lives while transitioning from sport may have longstanding effects on their psychological well-being in retirement. Longitudinal methodologies are needed to determine the temporal influence of these psychosocial dimensions.
Ethnicity and the mechanisms of point-of-sale e-cigarette marketing's influence on behavior: A longitudinal study.

Objective: To test the mechanisms by which exposure to point-of-sale (POS) e-cigarette marketing mediate the relationship between an ethnic minority group highly vulnerable for tobacco product use, namely Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (NHPI), and increased future e-cigarette use through explicit (positive outcome expectancies) and implicit (spontaneous positive reactions) pathways. Method: Four waves of data were collected in 6-month intervals from 2,327 multiethnic young adults (Mage = 21.2, SD = 2.2; 54% women) enrolled across two 4-year and four 2-year colleges belonging to a University system in Hawaii. POS e-cigarette marketing exposure was assessed with an objective measure involving store visit patterns and store audits, as well as a measure of self-reported exposure. Spontaneous reactions were assessed with an implicit measure, namely Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP). Path analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Results: In a model employing the objective measure of POS exposure, a statistically significant pathway was found from NHPI ethnicity to increased current e-cigarette use at Wave 4 mediated through increased POS exposure at Wave 2, and increased affect regulation expectancies at Wave 3. Similar indirect effects on prospective e-cigarette use were found for Asian ethnicity. The dual process model of the effects of POS exposure on e-cigarette use was not fully supported, although the implicit measure was found to independently predict e-cigarette use. Conclusions: Differential exposure to POS marketing may explain some of the ethnic disparities in tobacco product use behavior such as e-cigarette use. POS marketing may affect e-cigarette use behavior mainly through the explicit pathway, notably affect regulation expectancies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Did Large-Scale Asset Purchases Work?

This paper analyzes the effects of the Federal Reserve’s Large-Scale Asset Purchase (LSAP) programs on a large set of macroeconomic variables (based on the Stock and Watson (2002) dataset), over a sample covering the entire duration of quantitative easing policies. We find that these unconventional policies have significantly stimulated the real economy, boosting output, income, consumption, industrial activity, investment and confidence. They also spurred a recovery in the labor and housing markets. At the same time, in spite of the increase in money and credit aggregates, there has been little positive impact on inflation or wages. Our results are robust to analyzing LSAP announcements versus actual asset purchases. The estimates suggest that both the portfolio rebalancing and the signaling channels have been of considerable importance for the transmission of asset purchases to the broader economy.
Using Advancing Technologies in the Practice of School Psychology

Technology, broadly defined, is applying scientific knowledge to practical tasks. Technology use is rapidly increasing in a variety of work settings, including the areas of education and psychology (Czaja, Charness, Fisk, Nair, Rogers, & Sharit, 2006). Starting with the rapid adoption of personal computers in the 1980s, advanced technologies (e.g., computers) have made a significant impact on the practice of school psychology. The early use of computers allowed school psychologists to more efficiently complete assessment reports and reduced the need to laboriously rewrite common sections of reports. The early experience of those who adopted personal computers in the 1980s encapsulates the promise of advanced technologies for education and more specifically for school psychology.
Communicating with Mexican-American Clients

This is the first of a series of three columns on communication and care in regard to Mexican-American clients. Dr. Loretta Heuer, associate professor at the University of North Dakota, works and does research with migrant Mexican-American farm workers. She offers some suggestions to help rural nurses in their communication with those clients. Out of respect, Mexican Americans frequently avoid direct eye contact with authority figures such as health care providers, particularly if they may perceive the provider to differ in class from themselves. Communication is strongly influenced by "respecto" (respect), which family members may demonstrate by standing when the provider enters the room. Mexican Americans are usually very warm and expressive with family and close friends, and embracing is common. Touch by strangers is generally unappreciated and can be very stressful or perceived as disrespectful. Silence sometimes shows lack of agreement with the plan of care. Nevertheless, handshaking is considered polite and usually welcome. Tone of voice should be respectful and polite, although it is usually reserved in the formal setting. Phrases used are frequently complimentary. It is considered respectful to address individuals formally; the formal Spanish "usted" should be used, especially with elders and married women. Children should be included in introductions. With the establishment of rapport over time, providers may be permitted to be less formal. Mexican Americans are traditionally present-oriented, with social time more present-oriented than business time. In fact, time is viewed as relative to the situation (which allows for their feeling of punctuality even when 15-20 minutes late). The most sensitive issues, including health issues, are kept within the family, and immediate family members may serve as referents for individual concerns. Males disclose less often, and self-disclosure to the same gender individuals is usually more comfortable. The next issue’s column will focus on the various issues involved in using or not using an interpreter.
Channel estimation in wireless OFDM systems using reservoir computing

Reservoir Computing (RC) is a recent neurologically inspired concept for processing time dependent data that lends itself particularly well to hardware implementation by using the device physics to conduct information processing. In this paper, we apply RC to channel estimation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Due to the multipath propagation environment between a transmitter and receiver, the received signal undergoes attenuation, time delay and phase shift. For mitigating these random effects and decoding the transmitted signal at the receiver, accurate channel estimation is vital. Statistical approaches for channel estimation assume that accurate channel information is available at the receiver. However, the time-variance of the channel complicates the channel estimation process by making the current estimation outdated. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), which are analogous to the functioning of the human brain, are therefore utilized for channel prediction. Training algorithms for RNNs are categorized as gradient-descent methods, which often results in high computational complexity and leads to non-convergence due to the presence of bifurcations. In this paper, an Echo State Network (ESN), which is a class of RC approach, has been used for training a RNN to estimate the channel state information. Using this approach, the training and hence, the implementation complexity is significantly reduced. Simulation results show significant improvement in channel estimation accuracy for the proposed method.
Logarithmic forms on affine arrangements

Let V be an affine of dimension l over some field K. An arrangement A is a finite collection of affine hyperplanes in V. We call A an l-arrangement when we want to emphasize the dimension of V. We use [6] as a general reference. Choose an arbitrary point of V and fix it throughout this paper. We will use it as the origin.
Mild oxidations of coal: 1. Hydrogen peroxide oxidation☆

Abstract Mild oxidation of Pittsburgh bed coal was carried out to investigate the removal of organic sulphur. It was postulated that the organic sulphur in coal might first be oxidized to sulphonic acids and then removed through known desulphonation methods. The coal was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide or mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and acid. After oxidation, the coal was treated with water or phosphoric acid at reflux. Under the mild conditions used, coal oxidation led to slight changes in the organic sulphur content. The ensuing treatment of the oxidized coal with water or phosphoric acid again affected the organic sulphur content, generally decreasing the organic sulphur level. Pyritic sulphur removal varied considerably depending upon the reagent system and reaction conditions.
Enzymatic Action of Sialidase of Vibrio cholerae on Brain Gangliosides above and below the Critical Micelle Concentration

Abstract The activity of Vibrio cholerae sialidase was studied as a function of the physical state of ganglioside substrate. This study provides a model for the interaction of end group hydrolases with highly polar anionic complex lipids. Sialyl groups of gangliosides are hydrolyzed by Vibrio sialidase whether the substrate is in disperse or in micellar form. The action of Vibrio sialidase on gangliosides appears, in this regard, to differ from the reported action of other end group hydrolases on complex lipids. Ultracentrifugal analyses indicate that a substantial proportion of sialidase in aqueous buffer adheres to and can be precipitated with ganglioside micelles, but the enzyme remains in solution in the presence of monodisperse substrate, as does monodisperse substrate alone. The effect upon the activity of a large total surface area of susceptible sialyl groups in the aggregated ganglioside substrate seems to almost compensate for the lower number of diffusing particles for this form. Regular dependence of initial velocity on substrate concentration is observed for both the micellar and submicellar substrate. Km below the critical micelle concentration (1 x 10-4 m) is roughly one-fifth the apparent Km for the substrate above the critical micelle concentration (5 x 10-4 m). The effect of hydrogen ion concentration on initial reaction velocity differs for aggregated (micellar) and disperse (submicellar) substrate. Above the pH optimum, enzymatic activity toward both substrate forms decreases very moderately with increasing pH, and there is a small increase in Km. Below the pH optimum, Km remains relatively invariant with decreasing pH. Although the substrate is strongly anionic at all pH values studied, there is no evidence that combination with the substrate affects the degree of ionization of any catalytic group on the enzyme. Minor loss of enzymatic activity occurs with the submicellar substrate below the pH optimum. However, great loss is observed for the micellar substrate when pH is decreased below the optimum. Mathematical analysis of the pH effect suggests that no single titratable functional group on the enzyme is involved in its catalytic activity. A noncompetitive time-dependent inhibitory effect is exerted by the micellar substrate at high concentration. The initial velocity of the enzymatic hydrolysis of sialyl groups of gangliosides can be increased to double the highest value obtainable with pure substrate by the admixture of nonsialyl lipid, e.g. lecithin. For this lipid plus gangliosides, there is a critical mixing ratio of unity for optimal activation. Activation of the sialyl residues of the aggregated substrate may be the result of spacing by the nonsialyl lipids. Properties of gangliosides when tested as substrates for soluble Vibrio sialidase may reflect properties of the sialyl groups of these glycosphingolipids in native neuronal plasma membranes.
Master's Level Professional Athletic Training Programs: Program Characteristics, Graduation Requirements, and Outcome Measures

Context: While currently there are 2 curriculum route options leading to athletic training certification, the future of athletic training education is being heavily debated. While master's-level pr...
Econometric and learning curve estimation of U.S. potential oil supply

This study employs (1) a simple econometric model to generate a time series of drilling footage to the year 2040 and (2) learning models to estimate the oil reserve additions from that drilling, given scenarios of oil price and projected U.S. population. Reserve additions are estimated separately for the lower 48 states and Alaska regions by estimating separate drilling footage and learning models for each region. Generally, the estimates of potential supply from undiscovered oil fields and from extensions of known fields are more optimistic than recent estimates by others. For a $1989 price of about $20/barrel (bbl), which is similar to recent prices, the potential supply of oil is estimated to be approximately 60.7 billion bbl, with 95-percent confidence bounds of 54.3 and 67.1 billion bbl. For a price of $25.50/bbl, potential supply is estimated to be approximately 82 billion bbl, with 95-percent confidence bounds of 74.5 and 89.5 billion bbl. Although estimates of potential oil supply for the entire United States are more optimistic than other recent estimates, the part of that supply estimated to be forthcoming from Alaska is smaller than other recent estimates: 2.3 and 3.3 billion bbl for prices of about $20 and $25.50 per barrel, respectively. Thus, reserve additions from the lower 48 states through development drilling and through improved recovery and production technologies will become increasingly important to future U.S. oil supply.
Expression and properties of the V protein in acute measles virus and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus strains

Measles virus (MV) inserts one guanosine (G) residue at a specific site in a subpopulation of the mRNA transcribed from the phosphoprotein (P) gene to produce V mRNA. Using an antiserum against the unique carboxyl-terminal region of the predicted V protein, we found that a phosphorylated V protein was expressed in two acute MV strains (Edmonston and Nagahata) and three SSPE virus strains (Biken, Yamagata, and Niigata). The V protein of Biken strain SSPE virus was electrophoretically and antigenically indistinguishable from the V protein of Nagahata strain acute MV, the likely progenitor of the Biken strain. The V protein of these two viruses was not present in the intracellular viral nucleocapsids, but was found only in the cytosolic free protein pool. Pulse-chase experiments failed to show transport of the V protein to the plasma membrane. The V protein was also absent in the extracellular virions. The P protein synthesized from the cloned gene associated with the MV nucleocapsids in vitro, but the V protein had no affinity to the MV nucleocapsids. These results suggest that expression and properties of the V protein are conserved in chronic MV infection.
Disregarding (and Disrespecting?) Religion in Social Psychology: The Case of the The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th Edition)

In spite of a burgeoning literature demonstrating the importance of religiousness as a determinant of a wide range of behaviors, social psychology continues to ignore this important construct. This article begins with the current spate of interest in religion in virtually the entire field of psychology, and then goes on to present a cursory history of the recent psychology of religion. Attention then turns to the most recent (4th) edition of The Handbook of Social Psychology (Gilbert, Fiske, & Lindzey 1998a), noting that the concept of religion is largely absent. It is concluded that there are disadvantages resulting in social psychology from this omission, including loss of explanatory power, and lack of engagement in important social issues.
High-resolution 40Ar39Ar chronology of Oligocene volcanic rocks, San Juan Mountains, Colorado

Abstract The central San Juan caldera complex consists of seven calderas from which eight major ash-flow tuffs were erupted during a period of intense volcanic activity that lasted for approximately 2 m.y. about 26–28 Ma. The analytical precision of conventional K-Ar dating in this time interval is not sufficient to unambiguously resolve this complex history. However, 40 Ar 39 Ar incremental-heating experiments provide data for a high-resolution chronology that is consistent with stratigraphie relations. Weighted-mean age-spectrum plateau ages of biotite and sanidine are the most precise with standard deviations ranging from 0.08 to 0.21 m.y. The pooled estimate of standard deviation for the plateau ages of 12 minerals is about 0.5 percent or about 125,000 to 135,000 years. Age measurements on coexisting minerals from one tuff and on two samples of each of two other tuffs indicate that a precision in the age of a tuff of better than 100,000 years can be achieved at 27 Ma. New data indicate that the San Luis caldera is the youngest caldera in the central complex, not the Creede caldera as previously thought.
Fouling of a platinum-rhenium reforming catalyst using model reforming reactions

Abstract It is well known that rhenium stabilizes a commercial platinum reforming catalyst; however, the exact role of Re is still in doubt. The function of Re was investigated by determining and then comparing the fouling characteristics of two model reforming reactions catalyzed by bifunctional Pt and PtRe catalysts. The methylcyclohexane (MCH) dehydrogenation reaction was used to probe for changes in the metallic function and the methylcyclopentane (MCP) dehydroisomerization reaction was used to determine variations in the acidic function. Both sulfided and unsulfided catalysts were investigated. Presulfiding either a Pt or PtRe catalyst altered significantly the observed reaction rates and deactivation characteristics of the metallic function. The addition of Re to a Pt reforming catalyst greatly reduced the rate of those structure-sensitive secondary reactions catalyzed by the metallic function: toluene dealkylation, MCP ring opening, and long-term MCH fouling. The addition of Re, however, did not affect the structure-insensitive MCH reaction or the initial MCP fouling rate; also, little or no affect was noted in the MCP fouling characteristics. The results presented suggest that there is a metal-metal interaction between Pt and Re.
Oxygen equilibria of the vascular and coelomic hemoglobins of the terebellid polychaete, Pista pacifica. Evidence for an oxygen transfer system.

Abstract 1. 1. The oxygen equilibria of vascular and coelomic hemoglobins of the terebellid polychaete, Pista pacifica , have been investigated. 2. 2. The effects of hemoglobin concentration, temperature, pH and concentration of specific ions on the oxygen affinity and shape of the dissociation curves have been studied. 3. 3. Under all conditions examined, the coelomic cell hemoglobins have a higher oxygen affinity than the vascular hemoglobin, suggesting an oxygen transfer system from the branchial gills to the vascular hemoglobin and then to the coelomic cell hemoglobins. 4. 4. The oxygen equilibrium properties of these pigments are compared with those of other hemoglobins under similar conditions.
Local Ethics in a Global World

Ethics, fairness, trust and freedom from corruption are all parts of social capital and social capital matters in financial markets because investors consider not only their tradeoff between risk and return based on available information but also their trust in the accuracy of information and the fairness of markets. Deficiencies in ethics and fairness mark all countries but such deficiencies are more pronounced in some countries than in others. Levels of corruptions are higher in some countries such as India, than in others, such as Australia. Rankings by perceptions of the fairness of insider trading generally follow rankings by corruption. A survey presented in this article shows that finance professionals and university students in India, Turkey, Tunisia and Italy perceive insider trading fairer than professionals and students in Australia, the Netherlands, the United States and Israel. Why are levels of corruption higher in some countries than in others? Why is insider trading considered fairer in some countries than in others? And what can institutions, such as the CFA Institute, do to improve levels of ethics and fairness? These are the questions I try to answer in this article. I discuss four factors that affect social capital, culture, income, education and law enforcement.
Subcostal window: A new portal for recording continuous-wave Doppler aortic flow velocities

Abstract Failing to record aortic flow velocity with the continuous-wave Doppler probe in some adults, we added the subcostal approach to the routine use of the suprasternal, parasternal and apical windows. In this report we compare the subcostal window with other windows and conclude that using multiple windows improves the chance of obtaining quality Doppler signals in patients in whom access is difficult and increases the probability of aligning the ultrasonic beam parallel to aortic flow.
Effect of vertical-ejector jet on the aerodynamics of delta wings

The effect of adding a vertical jet to a 76-deg delta wing was investigated experimentally and theoretically in terms of the resulting longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics. A small-scale wind-tunnel experiment served for the investigation, and a simplified vortex lattice model was constructed to simulate the first-order effects of this complex flowfield. The major benefits of this combined approach over the use of more developed computer schemes lies in the relative ease in tailoring the mathematical model to a new problem. Results of both the wind-tunnel experiment and the theoretical model showed measurable lift loss due to the ejector jet throughout the whole angle-of-attack range, which will intensify at lower flight speeds.
Dynamical control of ‘statistical’ ion–molecule reactions

Abstract Experimental and theoretical studies of two ion–molecule reactions are reviewed. The reactions of H2CO+ and C2H2+ with methane are both mediated by long-lived complexes at low collision energies. The complex lifetimes, product recoil energy and angular distributions, and product branching ratios are all in good agreement with predictions based on statistical decay of the intermediate complexes. Nonetheless, it is clear that both reactions are, in fact, controlled by dynamical effects. In particular, reactivity is strongly and mode-specifically dependent on the vibrational state of the reactants, whereas a statistical mechanism would depend only the energy content of the vibrations. The vibrational effects reflect the dynamics involved in the formation and decay of weakly bound precursor complexes, before the collisional interaction can scramble the initial state information.
Effects of Varying Protein to Protein-Phosphate Ratios of αs-Casein on αs-K-Casein Micelles

Abstract Some properties of α s - κ -casein micelles were studied with relation to the importance of protein-bound phosphate groups. Partial dephosphorylation of α s -casein by wheat germ acid phosphate decreased its incorporation into micelles. The micelles formed with dephosphorylated α s -casein were much smaller by electron microscopy than those formed with untreated α s -casein. Protein phosphate groups of α s -casein previously combined in a micelle were hydrolyzed by the acid phosphatase. Hydrolysis of the protein phosphate groups ultimately disrupted the micelle, which was pH dependent. α s - κ -Casein micelles had porous or open structures through which macromolecules, such as acid phosphatase, gained access.
Delamination detection and quantification on laminated composite structures with Lamb waves and wavenumber analysis

Laminated composites are susceptible to delamination due to their weak transverse tensile and interlaminar shear strengths as compared to their in-plane properties. Delamination damage can occur in...
Effects of Abscisic Acid on in Vitro Growth of Cotton Fiber

Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits in vitro growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber and is effective only when applied during the first four days of culture started on the day of anthesis. Abscisic acid causes a small increase in potassium uptake by the ovules and also enhances leakage of potassium from them. During their period of rapid growth, fibers produced by ABA-treated ovules have a higher potassium content and a lower malate content as compared to fibers on untreated control ovules. Results are discussed in the light of earlier reports on the in vitro growth of cotton fiber and effects of abscisic acid on other plant tissues. It is suggested that ABA inhibits fiber growth, in part, by interfering with malate metabolism.
The LISA zero-signal solution

We derive a time-delay interferometric (TDI) combination that has zero-response to a gravitational wave signal. This combination, which we have called the zero-signal solution, is a two-parameter family of linear combinations of the generators of the TDI space that has null gravitational wave response when its two parameters coincide with the values of the angles of the source location in the sky. Remarkably, the zero-signal solution does not rely on any assumptions about the gravitational waveform, and in fact it works for waveforms of any kind.
DENTAL HYGIENE FOR THE CHILD.

T HE CONDITION of the teeth and mouth has an important relation to the physical well-being of the child. Dental caries is the most prevalent of all human diseases, and it is largely a disease of youth. Tf an individual can be brought up into. t.Ae twenties free from dental decay the incidence of caries is greatly lessened after that unless some ulterior factor which results in a profound impression on the resistance upsets the balance, such as a prolonged and depleting illness, or a period of severe mental stress. The importance of dental hygiene for the child therefore becomes a matter demanding our most earnest consideration, and this subject should have a place on every health program. There are so many significant things having a direct bearing on mouth hygiene that it will be necessary to merely touch on a few in the most incidental way at this time. With this, as with all other health matters, the question most to the fore is that of prevention. To be able to prevent even in a limited sense a disease which is more widespread than any other in the human family is a profound desideratum. We have so far merely touched the fringe of the problem; but we have learned something of what the problem is, and we are beginning to find how best it may be approached. If dental caries is ever to be prevented it must be done by the people themselves, rather than by the physician or dentist. The function of the professional man is to so educate the people that they may know what to do, and in the light of our past experience this may be considered only the half-way
HPK1 as a novel target for cancer immunotherapy.

Identifying the appropriate drug targets for the development of a novel anti-tumor immunotherapy is one of the most risky steps in the drug development cycle. We have identified a hematopoietic cell-restricted serine/threonine kinase, hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), as a possible target for therapeutic intervention. Targeted disruption of HPK1 alleles confers T cells with an elevated Th1 cytokine production in response to TCR engagement. HPK1−/− T cells proliferate more rapidly than the haplotype-matched wild-type counterpart and are resistant to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-mediated suppression. Most strikingly, mice that received adoptive transfer of HPK1−/− T cells became resistant to lung tumor growth. Also, the loss of HPK1 from dendritic cells (DCs) endows them with superior antigen presentation ability, enabling HPK1−/− DCs to elicit a more potent anti-tumor immune response when used as cancer vaccine. It is probable that blocking the HPK1 kinase activity with a small molecule inhibitor may activate the superior anti-tumor activity of both cell types, resulting in a synergistic amplification of anti-tumor potential. Given that HPK1 is not expressed in any major organs, it is less likely that an inhibitor of HPK1 kinase activity would cause any serious side effects.
Technique of Right Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy: A Single Center Experience

The majority of laparoscopic donor nephrectomies (LDNs) are limited to the left side due to technical and allograft concerns in using the right. We review our experience with right LDNs. Since June 1997, 15 right LDNs were performed and the records retrospectively reviewed for demographics, operative time, transfusions, complications, and length of stay. Recipient records were also reviewed for delayed graft function, complications, and serum creatinine levels. Overall donor, recipient and graft survivals at 6 months are 100%. Mean operative time was 317 ± 11.0 min, length of stay was 4.2 ± 0.2 d, and mean serum creatinine levels at discharge, 1, 3, and 6 months were 1.74 ± 0.19, 1.59 ± 0.13, 1.72 ± 0.13, and 1.68 ± 0.13 mg/dL, respectively. No transfusions were required. There were no operative or hospital complications. Two recipients (13.3%) experienced delayed graft function, defined as requiring hemodialysis post-transplantation. With hand-assisted laparoscopy, the right laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is safe and allows excellent allograft function.
Primary Grade Students' Knowledge and Thinking About Transportation

Abstract Very little information exists about children's prior knowledge and thinking (including misconceptions) about transportation, a topic commonly taught in elementary social studies. To develop such information, individual interviews were conducted with 96 K-3 students, stratified according to grade level, achievement level, and gender. The students were asked about transportation as a universal human need and the functions that it fulfills for us; its evolution over time and the impact of inventions; the tendency for settlements to be built along transportation routes; the ways in which improvements in transportation have “made the world smaller;” the fundamental importance of the wheel as a basic invention; the effects of building a highway through a rural community; how automobiles work; and several other aspects of the topic. Although inability to respond was a frequent problem, the students who were able to respond tended to be accurate and relatively free of misconceptions. However, they provi...
Summary of Work to Control Pathogens in Poultry Processing

Abstract The National Broiler Council and Southeastern Poultry and Egg Association sponsored a study to determine whether various processing modifications would significantly alter the microflora of processed broilers. The results of this study were presented as part of the symposium and have been published in the Journal of Applied Poultry Research. Other current research covered include water recycling, scald and chill water treatments, and the effects of dietary manipulation on intestinal colonization and carcass contamination.
Isoxsuprine in the perinatal period. II. Relationships between neonatal symptoms, drug exposure, and drug concentration at the time of birth

Forty preterm infants with maternal isoxsuprine exposure less than 24 hours before delivery and 40 matched control infants were studied prospectively to determine the acute neonatal effects of maternal ISX exposure. The cord ISX concentration correlated inversely with the drug-free interval before delivery ( P 10 ng/ml were seen only with intravenous maternal therapy and a drug-discontinuance to delivery interval of two hours or less. The plasma half-life of ISX in neonates ranged from 1.7 to 8 hours; gestationally younger infants required a longer time for drug clearance. Ileus was 13 times more common in the ISX group and was not directly related to the cord ISX concentration. The incidence of hypotension and hypocalcemia rose directly with the cord ISX concentration, reaching 89% and 100%, respectively, when the cord ISX level exceeded 10 ng/ml. The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was low in the ISX infants with low cord drug values, but increased to that of the control group when the cord ISX concentration reached>10 ng/ml.
The role of facilitators in Virginia's electronic classroom project

(1991). The role of facilitators in Virginia's electronic classroom project. American Journal of Distance Education: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 29-39.
Hepatic Glycogen Depletion in Amphiuma during Induced Anoxia

Giant salamanders, Amphiuma means, measuring 240 to 280 millimeters from snout to vent, tolerate induced anoxia for 6 hours. After 3 hours of anoxia, hepatic glycogen units are reduced in size and concentration; after 6 hours the glycogen units are almost completely depleted. Greater development and changes in the density of the endoplasmic reticulum indicate that this structure participates in the mobilization of glycogen from the cell.