cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal regulation of bovine coronavirus RNA synthesis

Abstract The structure and synthesis of bovine coronavirus (BCV)-specific intracellular RNA were studied. A genome-size RNA and seven subgenomic RNAs with molecular weights of approximately 3.3 × 10 6 , 3.1 × 10 6 , 2.6 × 10 6 , 1.1 × 10 6 , 1.0 × 10 6 , 0.8 × 10 6 and 0.6 × 10 6 were detected. Comparisons of BCV intracellular RNAs with those of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) demonstrated the presence of an additional RNA for BCV, species 2a, of 3.1 × 10 6 daltons. BCV RNAs contain a nested-set structure similar to that of other coronaviruses. This nested-set structure would suggest that the new RNA has a capacity to encode a protein of approximately 430 amino acids. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the synthesis of subgenomic mRNAs and genomic RNA are differentially regulated. At 4 to 8 h post-infection (p.i.), subgenomic RNAs are synthesized at a maximal rate and represent greater than 90% of the total viral RNA synthesized, whereas genome-size RNA accounts for only 7%. Later in infection, at 70 to 72 h p.i., genome-size RNA is much more abundant and accounts for 88% of total RNA synthesized. Immunoprecipitations of [ 35 S]methionine-pulse-labeled viral proteins demonstrated that viral protein synthesis occurs early in the infection, concurrent with the peak of viral subgenomic RNA synthesis. Western blot analysis suggests that these proteins are stable since the proteins are present at high level as late as 70 to 72 h p.i. The kinetics of production of virus particles coincides with the synthesis of genomic RNA. These studies thus indicate that there is a differential temporal regulation of the synthesis of genomic RNA and subgenomic mRNAs, and that the synthesis of genomic RNA is the rate-limiting step regulating the production of virus particles.
Escape from conflict: I. The effects of increasing difficulty of discrimination

Rats were trained in successive brightness discriminations with access to a lever which, when pressed, temporarily turned out the lights constituting S+ and S−. There were no progressive changes in the lever pressing of a group which received a series of discriminations of gradually increased difficulty, but there was a significant increase in the lever activity of a group which was suddenly confronted with a difficult problem following prolonged training on an easy problem.
Evoked Potentials during Cardiac and Major Vascular Operations

Somatosensory evoked potentials are widely used in spine surgery to prevent injury to the spinal cord. However, their application in cardiac and major vascular surgery is largely unappreciated. This paper will review the unique stresses placed on peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and brain during these operations. In addition, the potential benefits of peri-operative somatosensory evoked potentials monitoring are described in detail.
Novel notions on newborn lung disease.

Many premature infants have deficient pulmonary surfactant, which is required to reduce surface tension and prevent lungs from collapsing. A recent study may provide a new avenue for therapy by showing that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) helps to regulate surfactant production. When given to premature mice near birth, VEGF can reduce symptoms of surfactant deficiency and relieve respiratory distress (pages 702–710).
Occurrence and Air−Sea Exchange of Phthalates in the Arctic

Air and seawater samples were taken simultaneously to investigate the distribution and air−sea gas exchange of phthalates in the Arctic onboard the German Research Ship FS Polarstern. Samples were ...
2-Hydroxydesipramine and desipramine plasma levels and electrocardiographic effects in depressed younger adults

Desipramine was given to 34 outpatients aged 20 to 51 years who had primary major depressive disorder but who were otherwise in good health. Daily dosage at bedtime was constant for the final 3 weeks of the 5-week study (mean, [SD] 169.1 [46.1] mg). Electrocardiograms done predrug and after 5 weeks were read by a cardiologist blind to the order in which they were performed. Plasma samples drawn 14 hours after the final study dose were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography; mean (SD) levels were 140.2 (140.0) ng/ml for desipramine and 56.5 (29.4) ng/ml for 2-hydroxydesipramine (2-OH-DMI). Heart rate and PR, QRS and QTc intervals were significantly greater at the end of the study than at baseline, while QT intervals were significantly less. Changes in heart rate and PR, QT and QTc intervals were significantly negatively correlated with the value of the respective cardiac parameters at baseline. Changes in PR interval were significantly positively correlated with log desipramine, log 2-OH-DMI and log (desipramine + 2-OH-DMI). Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that, for PR interval, each of the three plasma level variables showed a significant ability to improve R2 over that obtained from baseline PR alone. These findings suggest that both 2-OH-DMI and desipramine plasma levels predict a prolongation of intracardiac conduction in younger adults and that monitoring both levels may be useful in the clinical management of certain younger adult patients.
Phenotype of FOXP2 Haploinsufficiency in a Mother and Son

Disruptions in FOXP2, a transcription factor, are the only known monogenic cause of speech and language impairment. We report clinical findings for two new individuals with a submicroscopic deletion of FOXP2: a boy with severe apraxia of speech and his currently moderately affected mother. A 1.57 Mb deletion on chromosome 7q31 was detected by array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH). In addition to FOXP2, the patients’ deletion involves two other genes, MDFIC and PPP1R3A, neither of which has been associated with speech or language disorders. Thus, findings for these two family members provide informative phenotypic information on FOXP2 haploinsufficiency. Evaluation by a clinical geneticist indicated no major congenital anomalies or dysmorphic features. Evaluations by a clinical psychologist and occupational therapist indicated cognitive-linguistic processing and sensorimotor control deficits, but did not support a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Evaluation by clinical and research speech pathologists confirmed that both patients’ speech deficits met contemporary criteria for apraxia of speech. Notably, the patients were not able to laugh, cough, or sneeze spontaneously, replicating findings reported for two other FOXP2 cases and a potential diagnostic sign of nonsyndromic apraxia of speech. Speech severity findings for the boy were not consistent with the hypothesis that loss of maternal FOXP2 should be relatively benign. Better understanding of the behavioral phenotype of FOXP2 disruptions will aid identification of patients, toward an eventual understanding of the pathophysiology of syndromic and nonsyndromic apraxia of speech.
Obtaining calibrated sound pressure levels from consumer digital audio recorders

Abstract Audio recording of environmental sound is an increasingly efficient method for autonomously sensing many ecological and anthropogenic processes. The increasing capabilities of consumer digital audio recorders (DARs), especially increases in storage capacity and reductions in power consumption, enable continuous audio recordings exceeding 1 month in duration with packages that are relatively small and inexpensive. To augment the ability of these systems to document the range of sounds present at a location, this paper examines two methods for calibrating recorders to measure sound levels. Compressed audio recorded by a DAR can be processed to yield relatively consistent measures of one-third octave band L eq values within a limited frequency and dynamic range. This was evaluated by synchronizing data with a Type-1 sound level meter. The calibration is stable over a 23 day deployment outdoors with wide variation in ambient temperature and humidity. When considering aggregate acoustic metrics over time or a wide bandwidth such as an hourly A-weighted L 50 , the results can be quite accurate (within 1 dBA).
Run-Time Task Allocation Considering User Behavior in Embedded Multiprocessor Networks-on-Chip

In this paper, we propose a run-time strategy for allocating application tasks to embedded multiprocessor systems-on-chip platforms where communication happens via the network-on-chip approach. As a novel contribution, we incorporate the user behavior information in the resource allocation process; this allows the system to better respond to real-time changes and to adapt dynamically to different user needs. Several algorithms are proposed for solving the task allocation problem while minimizing the communication energy consumption and network contention. When the user behavior is taken into consideration, we observe more than 70% communication energy savings (with negligible energy and run-time overhead) compared to an arbitrary contiguous task allocation strategy.
Framework for Requirements-Driven System Design Automation

In this paper we present a framework for improving model-driven system design productivity with requirements-driven design automation (RDDA). The key to the proposed approach is to close the semantic gap between requirements, components and architecture by using compatible semantic models for describing product requirements and component capabilities, including constraints. An ontology-based representation language is designed that spans requirements for the application domain, the software design domain (UML meta-schema) and the component domain. Design automation is supported for architecture development by machine-based mapping of desired product/subsystem features and capabilities to library components and by synthesis and maintenance of UML design structure diagrams. The RDDA framework uses standards-based semantic web technologies and can be integrated with exiting modeling tools.
Functions and Regulation of RNA Editing by ADAR Deaminases

One type of RNA editing converts adenosines to inosines (A-->I editing) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. A-->I RNA editing is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes. A-->I RNA editing of protein-coding sequences of a limited number of mammalian genes results in recoding and subsequent alterations of their functions. However, A-->I RNA editing most frequently targets repetitive RNA sequences located within introns and 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Although the biological significance of noncoding RNA editing remains largely unknown, several possibilities, including its role in the control of endogenous short interfering RNAs (esiRNAs), have been proposed. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that the biogenesis and functions of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated by the editing of their precursors. Here, I review the recent findings that indicate new functions for A-->I editing in the regulation of noncoding RNAs and for interactions between RNA editing and RNA interference mechanisms.
2D Modeling and optimization of excimer laser annealed thin film polysilicon solar cells

In this work, we propose a low-cost, reliable polysilicon solar cell structure suitable for excimer laser annealing (ELA) process and present an optimization method to maximize the cell efficiency by addressing the tradeoffs between the doping profile, the device width, and the trap density (Nt) within the grain boundaries (GBs) of the proposed structure. We also investigate the variation in cell performance with respect to the number and position of the GBs within the device to obtain a better understanding of performance variations. The optimized cell also demonstrates the possibility of having thin film transistors (TFTs) and solar cells on the same substrate, leading to new applications such as self-powered, low-cost, wireless sensor nodes.
Investigation of semiconductor nanostructures photovoltaic for next generation solar cells

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the electromagnetic performance of various potential semiconductor nanostructures photovoltaic for future solar cells. GaAs is used as the semiconductor for this particular study. Nanostructures such as nanocones, nanopillars, and nanoprisms are compared systematically for their reflection and absorbance properties. The presence of nanostructures reduces the optical reflection and increases absorption as compared to conventional flat cell geometries. Initial studies show that nanocones and nanoprisms have the very good electromagnetic performance in terms of reflection and absorption over the solar spectrum. It is also shown that the nanocone arrays have robust performance for different polarizations and angles of incidence making them an attractive solution for solar cell designs.
Bifurcation and metastability in a new one-dimensional model for martensitic phase transitions

Abstract Materials undergoing stress-induced martensitic phase transitions often form complex twinned microstructures with multiple phase boundaries. They also exhibit hysteretic mechanical behavior. We propose and analyze a one-dimensional model for twinning. We consider two elastic bars coupled by a system of continuously distributed linear springs. One of the bars has a two-well nonconvex elastic energy density that models a two-variant martensitic phase. The other bar is linearly elastic and is meant to model the parent austenite phase. Interfacial energy is modeled by a strain-gradient term. Various types of boundary conditions model parameter-dependent loading. A local bifurcation analysis shows that local energy minima (metastable states) often involve a large number of phase boundaries. This is confirmed by the global-bifurcation diagrams obtained numerically. We observe that this microstructure emerges via both sudden (finite) and gradual (infinitesimal) phase nucleation. We propose an energetic argument that predicts hysteresis in overall load-deformation behavior due to metastability of multiple equilibria. A limiting case with zero interfacial energy is treated analytically, yielding global solution diagrams.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Oral versus Sublingual Clonidine

Study Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of orally versus sublingually administered clonidine. Design: Randomized, crossover, nonblinded, open-label study. Setting: University tertiary-care center. Patients: 10 healthy male and female volunteers aged 20 to 42 years. Interventions: A heparinized catheter was placed intravenously for blood-sampling purposes. An automatic sphygmomanometer was placed on the volunteers' left upper arm to obtain systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a pulse oximeter was placed on the right index finger to measure heart rate (HR). Measurements and Main Results: Serial blood samples were collected throughout the 24-hour study period to determine clonidine concentrations. The effect of clonidine on blood pressure (BP) and HR also was measured. The half-life, area under the curve, maximum concentration, and time to reach maximum concentration were similar for both the sublingual and oral routes. BP and HR changes were similar for both sublingual and oral clonidine. Conclusion: Both routes of administration resulted in similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Attempts to shorten clonidine's latency with sublingual administration were unsuccessful. Our study shows that a single dose of clonidine 0.3 mg has the same pharmacokinetic and dynamic profile when administered orally or sublingually. Therefore, the sublingual route can be predictably used in fasting patients, those having difficulty swallowing, or those who are unable to absorb drugs through the gastrointestinal tract; the sublingual dose is the same as the oral dose.
Fac-bipyridyltricarbonyl(pyridine)rhenium(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate

The structure of the title compound, [Re(C5H5N)(C10H8N2)(CO)3](CF3O3S), an emissive mol­ecule, shows the Re centre in the cation to be in a distorted octahedral geometry with a facial disposition of carbonyl ligands.
Anterior encephalocele associated with subependymal nodular heterotopia, cortical dysplasia and epilepsy: Case report and review of the literature

The presence of subependymal nodular heterotopia and cortical dysgenesis has been infrequently reported in patients with encephalocele. The majority of these patients were found to have posterior encephaloceles. We report a case of a Hispanic female with a frontoethmoidal encephalocele who developed epilepsy at 15 years of age. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated left subependymal nodular heterotopia, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum and left fronto-temporal cortical dysplasia with polymicrogyria. This case illustrates the association of anterior encephalocele with subependymal nodular heterotopia, cortical dysplasia and epilepsy. It underscores the importance of screening for intracranial abnormalities in patients with anterior encephalocele.
La anarquía es lo que los estados hacen de ella:la construcción social de la política de poder | Anarchy is what states make of it: the Social Construction of Power Politics

Todas las teorias de relaciones internacionales se basan en teorias sociales de relaciones entre agentes, procesos y estructuras sociales. Las teorias sociales no determinan el contenido de nuestra teoria internacional, pero estructuran las preguntas que nos hacemos sobre la politica mundial y nuestros enfoques en las respuestas a esas cuestiones. El principal asunto que se cuestiona en los debates sobre teoria social es el tipo de fundamento que puede ofrecer el conjunto de preguntas y las estrategias de investigacion mas provechosas para poder explicar los cambios revolucionarios que parecen estar ocurriendo en el sistema internacional desde finales del siglo XX. All international relations theories are based on social theories about agents, processes and social structures. Social theories do not determine the content of our international theory but they structure our questions about global politics and our answers approaches to those questions. The main topic in the social theory debates is what kind of fundament can offer the set of questions and which are the most profitable research strategies in order to be able to explain the revolutionary changes that seems to be going on since the end of the XXth century.
Sexual selection and the maintenance of sexual reproduction

The maintenance of sexual reproduction is a problem in evolutionary theory because, all else being equal, asexual populations have a twofold fitness advantage over their sexual counterparts and should rapidly outnumber a sexual population because every individual has the potential to reproduce. The twofold cost of sex exists because of anisogamy or gamete dimorphism-egg-producing females make a larger contribution to the zygote compared with the small contribution made by the sperm of males, but both males and females contribute 50% of the genes. Anisogamy also generates the conditions for sexual selection, a powerful evolutionary force that does not exist in asexual populations. The continued prevalence of sexual reproduction indicates that the 'all else being equal' assumption is incorrect. Here I show that sexual selection can mitigate or even eliminate the cost of sex. If sexual selection causes deleterious mutations to be more deleterious in males than females, then deleterious mutations are maintained at lower equilibrium frequency in sexual populations relative to asexual populations. The fitness of sexual females is higher than asexuals because there is no difference in the fecundity of sexual females and asexuals of the same genotype, but the equilibrium frequency of deleterious mutations is lower in sexual populations. The results are not altered by synergistic epistasis in males.
MIMO Radar Ambiguity Functions

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has been shown to provide enhanced performance in theory and in practice. MIMO radars are equipped with the ability to freely choose their transmitted waveforms at each aperture. In conventional radar systems Woodward's ambiguity function is used to characterize waveform resolution performance. In this paper we extend the idea of waveform ambiguity functions to MIMO radars. MIMO ambiguity functions are developed that simultaneously characterize the effects of array geometry and transmitted waveforms on resolution performance. Overall resolution performance is shown to be governed by a space- time covariance function that can be controlled by the system on transmit using waveform diversity. Visual examples are provided to illustrate the resolution enhancement possible using MIMO technology.
Duplicate-Search-Based Image Annotation Using Web-Scale Data

Easy photo-taking and photo-sharing today make image an increasingly important type of media in people's everyday life, which arouses a growing demand for a practical image understanding technique. Traditional computer vision or machine learning methods which learn models based on a set of training data are still in the stage of tackling hundreds of object categories. Such a scale is far from practical usage. In recent years, the technique of search-based image annotation on a large-scale data set has demonstrated great success. Rather than directly mapping visual features to texts which is inevitably hindered by the semantic gap, it understands the content of an image by propagating labels of its similar images in a large-scale data set. Since similarity search is performed among homogenous data, the difficulty is greatly reduced. This paper summarizes the extensive work on web image annotation using the large-scale metadata and social information available on the Web, and introduces the Arista system, which is a nonparametric image annotation platform built upon two billion web images. We propose a highly efficient and scalable duplicate-search technique so that the Arista system can be deployed on a few servers. A few interesting applications such as building large-scale celebrity face database and text-to-image translation are also presented in this paper.
Cobweb-weaving spiders produce different attachment discs for locomotion and prey capture

�Received 20 Apr 2012 | Accepted 30 Aug 2012 | Published 2 Oct 2012 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2099 Spiders’ cobwebs ensnare both walking and flying prey. While the scaffolding silk can entangle flying insects, gumfoot silk threads pull walking prey off the ground and into the web. Therefore, scaffolding silk needs to withstand the impact of the prey, whereas gumfoot silk needs to easily detach from the substrate when contacted by prey. Here we show that spiders accomplish these divergent demands by creating attachment discs of two distinct architectures using the same pyriform silk. A ‘staple-pin’ architecture firmly attaches the scaffolding silk to the substrate and a previously unknown ‘dendritic’ architecture weakly attaches the gumfoot silk to the substrate. Gumfoot discs adhere weakly, triggering a spring-loaded trap, while the strong adhesion of scaffolding discs compels the scaffolding threads to break instead of detaching. We describe the differences in adhesion for these two architectures using tapepeeling models and design synthetic attachments that reveal important design principles for controlled adhesion.
Pectoralis major muscle of turkey displays divergent function as correlated with meat quality

Abstract Fresh turkey meat color is determined by many factors that include muscle fiber type composition and heme protein concentrations. These factors either are affected by or influence biochemical events occurring postmortem. Deviations in the processing environment also can result in aberrant fresh meat quality and may ultimately change the quality characteristics of further processed products. Our objective was to describe the underlying cause and significance of the two-toning color defect in fresh turkey breast. In the first experiment, pectoralis major muscles were collected, classified as single- or two-toned, and analyzed using image processing to characterize fresh turkey color. Samples from the large and small lobes of the pectoralis major muscle were collected for pH, glycolytic intermediates, protein abundance, mRNA expression, and quality characteristics. In the second experiment, time from stun to exsanguination was tested as a promoter of fresh turkey color. Results from the first experiment showed that the turkey breast possesses two distinct lobes. The large lobe had greater (P
Recognition of Liver Cirrhosis Induced by Paradimethylaminoazobenzene (Butter Yellow) by X-ray and Thorium Dioxide.

SummaryA method of following the course of liver cirrhosis and splenic enlargement induced by feeding butter yellow to albino rats is described. The procedure consists of intracardiac injection of 0.5 cc of thorium dioxide sol (thorotrast) followed by roentgenograms of the liver and spleen.
The effect of beta adrenergic stimulation on proximal tubular sodium reabsorption.

SummaryStudies were designed to determine whether beta adrenergic stimulation has a direct effect on proximal tubular sodium transport. The recollection micropuncture technique was utilized before and during the intrarenal infusion of isoproterenol, 0.018 μg/kg/min, the highest dose of the drug which had no renal or systemic hemodynamic effects. In the first group of five studies, the tubular fluid to plasma inulin (TF/P inulin) ratio was 1.47 ± 0.04 SEM and 1.46 ± 0.08 before and during beta stimulation, respectively. In a second group of six experiments in which alpha blockade was maintained throughout with phenoxybenzamine, 0.09 μg/kg/min, the TF/P inulin ratio was again unchanged at 1.48 ± 0.09 in the control period and 1.52 ± 0.09 in the experimental period. Nephron filtration rate and absolute reabsorption were unchanged in both groups of studies. In addition, total GFR, renal plasma flow, sodium excretion and mean arterial pressure were unchanged during isoproterenol infusion. From these data, ther...
Context-Aware Interflow Network Coding and Scheduling in Wireless Networks

Recent approaches using network coding (NC) to mix data from different flows show significant throughput improvement in wireless networks. However, in this paper, we argue that exhaustively mixing packets from different flows may decrease network quality of service (QoS), particularly in the presence of flows with different service classes. We therefore propose a context-aware interflow network coding and scheduling (CARE) framework, which adaptively encodes data across the traffic to maximize the network QoS. First, we develop a perception-oriented QoS (PQoS) to measure the user satisfaction of different types of services. Next, based on the characteristics of the traffic, we optimally combine data across the flows and schedule the encoded packets in each time frame to maximize the PQoS at the receivers. Solving CARE is NP-hard; thus, we devise a computationally efficient approximation algorithm based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to approximate the optimal solution. We prove that the proposed approximation algorithm is guaranteed to converge to the optimal solution. The analytical and simulation results show that, under certain channel conditions, the proposed CARE-based schemes not only improve the network QoS but achieve high throughput across all receivers as well. Additionally, the results show that the approximation algorithm is efficient and robust to the number of data flows. In some transmission conditions, our CARE-based schemes can improve the network QoS up to 50% compared with the existing randomized NC techniques.
Prepatation and Uses of Sludge Profile Control Agent

A new type of profile control agent that the main material is sludge is made by analyzing component and grain size of the sludge and adding appropriate chemicals and solid particles.Reasonable formulation is that the concentration of sludge,suspending agent,emulsifier and bentonite is 50 %,0.2 %~0.3 %,0.3 %~0.4 % and 8%.The stable system of the profile control agent doesn't appear stratification phenomenon.Core experiments show that profile control agent enters the high permeability layer prioritily and has selectively plugging role
The Influence on Equity Financing Preference Cast by the Reform of Non-tradable Shares:an Example of Qingdao Haier Co.,Ltd

Based on the Secondary Equity Offering(SEO)at Qingdao Haier Co.,Ltd,this paper analyzed the changes of financing decisions in the light of equity financing preference at listed companies.Before the reform of non-tradable shares,the circulative shares and non-circulative shares enjoy different channels to profit,while the equity financing is an important way for holding shareholders to get huge return and cash inflow.The financing decisions of listed companies always vary with the equity financing policies.And the internal financing and debt financing play complementary roles.However,after the reform of non-tradable shares,the interests of shareholders has been becoming the same,and the previous excess return of equity financing has gradually disappeared.At the same time,the stock market becomes more mature and standard,which will make the financing decisions of listed companies more rational and various.
Endocytosis and lysosomal delivery of tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor 1 complexes in Hep G2 cells.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t- PA)-plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) complexes results in their clearance by Hep G2 cells. After complexes are internalized, the t-PA component is degraded. However, neither the locus of intracellular catabolism nor the fate of PAI-1 has been elucidated. To characterize these aspects of t-PA-PAI-1 catabolism, the subcellular distribution of a prebound cohort of ligand molecules was delineated after internalization at 37 degrees C. 125I-t-PA.PAI-1 and t-PA.125I-PAI-1 were compared in separate experiments. After ligand uptake, intracellular vesicles were separated on density gradients. Internalized 125I-t-PA.PAI-1 concentrated initially in endosomes. After 20 minutes of uptake, the complex began to appear in lysosomes. Subsequently, low molecular weight labeled ligand fragments were detected in culture media. A panel of lysosomotropic agents, including primaquine, chloroquine, ammonium chloride, and a combination of leupeptin and pepstatin A, inhibited degradation. When t-PA.125I-PAI-1 rather than 125I-t-PA.PAI-1 was internalized, strikingly different results were observed. Although the kinetics of internalization and the intracellular itinerary were indistinguishable for the differently labeled complexes, the 125I-PAI-1 component of t-PA.125I-PAI-1 resisted rapid degradation. After a rapid loss of t-PA, the 125I-PAI-1 moiety persisted in lysosomes for up to 180 minutes. Thus, internalized t- PA.PAI-1 is targeted to lysosomes in which PAI-1 is relatively more stable than t-PA.
Enhancing web browsing security

Web browsing has become an integral part of our lives, and we use browsers to perform many important activities almost everyday and everywhere. However, due to the vulnerabilities in Web browsers and Web applications and also due to Web users' lack of security knowledge, browser-based attacks are rampant over the Internet and have caused substantial damage to both Web users and service providers. Enhancing Web browsing security is therefore of great need and importance. This dissertation concentrates on enhancing the Web browsing security through exploring and experimenting with new approaches and software systems. Specifically, we have systematically studied four challenging Web browsing security problems: HTTP cookie management, phishing, insecure JavaScript practices, and browsing on untrusted public computers. We have proposed new approaches to address these problems, and built unique systems to validate our approaches. To manage HTTP cookies, we have proposed an approach to automatically validate the usefulness of HTTP cookies at the client-side on behalf of users. By automatically removing useless cookies, our approach helps a user to strike an appropriate balance between maximizing usability and minimizing security risks. To protect against phishing attacks, we have proposed an approach to transparently feed a relatively large number of bogus credentials into a suspected phishing site. Using those bogus credentials, our approach conceals victims' real credentials and enables a legitimate website to identify stolen credentials in a timely manner. To identify insecure JavaScript practices, we have proposed an execution-based measurement approach and performed a large-scale measurement study. Our work sheds light on the insecure JavaScript practices and especially reveals the severity and nature of insecure JavaScript inclusion and dynamic generation practices on the Web. To achieve secure and convenient Web browsing on untrusted public computers, we have proposed a simple approach that enables an extended browser on a mobile device and a regular browser on a public computer to collaboratively support a Web session. A user can securely perform sensitive interactions on the mobile device and conveniently perform other browsing interactions on the public computer.
Loewner deformations driven by the Weierstrass function

The Loewner differential equation provides a way of encoding growing families of sets into continuous real-valued functions. Most famously, Schramm–Loewner evolution (SLE) consists of the growing random families of sets that are encoded via the Loewner equation by a multiple of Brownian motion. The purpose of this paper is to study the families of sets encoded by a multiple of the Weierstrass function, which is a deterministic analog of Brownian motion. We prove that there is a phase transition in this setting, just as there is in the SLE setting.
A segment-aware multi-core scheduler for system C PDES

The SystemC IEEE standard is widely used for system design. While the sequential reference simulator is based on Discrete Event Simulation (DES), Parallel DES (PDES) approaches have been proposed for multi-core platforms. This paper proposes a dynamic load-profiling and segment-aware scheduling algorithm with optimized thread dispatching to maximize parallel SystemC simulation speed, which generally can be applied to all work-sharing PDES approaches. Based on a compile-time generated Segment Graph (SG), our scheduler can accurately predict the run time of the thread segments ahead and thus make better dispatching decisions. In the systematic evaluation, our segment-aware scheduler consistently shows a significant performance gain on top of the order-of-magnitude speedup of PDES, when compared with the previous scheduling policies.
Abstract LB-269: Nutritional effect on CD44 in head and neck cancer

Head and neck (HN) cancer incidence accounts for more than 550,000 cases annually worldwide, with an estimated of 55,000 Americans developing head and neck cancer each year. There are multiple risk factors associated with HN cancer including smoking, alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, genetic predisposition, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease and poor diet. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 35 - 55% of human cancers and approximately 15% of oropharyngeal cancers can be attributed to dietary deficiencies or imbalances. There is convincing evidence that we can reduce the risk of cancer, including that of oral cancer through improved nutrition. CD44 is a cancer stem cell marker associated with HN cancer and poor prognosis. Protein levels in saliva are also associated with HN cancer risk. This study will investigate the relationship between nutritional effect of a balanced diet which includes fruits and vegetables and levels of CD44 and salivary protein. 150 participants diagnosed with HN cancer and 150 controls were frequency matched for tobacco use, alcohol, age, gender, race and socioeconomic status. Participants completed a lifestyle questionnaire which included questions about fruit and vegetable consumption. Oral rinse CD44 and protein levels were measured in both groups. We did a preliminary investigation on the number of servings of juice, salad, fruits, carrots, potato and other vegetables within the cancer case and control groups to determine whether there was an association between these dietary variables and CD44 and protein levels. HN cancer cases who ate salad one or more times per week were found to have significantly lower CD44 levels than those who ate salad less frequently (4.22ng/ml verses 7.09 ng/ml p = 0. 004). Since high CD44 levels are associated with worse prognosis, these findings suggest that dietary factors such as greater salad intake may be associated with better HN cancer prognosis. Citation Format: Turki M. Almuhaimid, Faisal F. Alotaibi, Erika Rearegue, William Goodwin, Elizabeth Franzmann. Nutritional effect on CD44 in head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-269. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-269
Cashflow: Juego, autoayuda financiera y producción de sujetos económicos

Este articulo examina un juego de mesa practicado por lectores de best-sellers de exito financiero. Cashflow es un mercado ficticio, en el que los jugadores simulan comprar y vender activos para practicar y mejorar sus habilidades financieras, con el objetivo de alcanzar la 'libertad financiera'. Basado en observacion etnografica en clubes y entrevistas a jugadores en Argentina y Estados Unidos, y utilizando los conceptos de gubernamentalidad y performatividad, el trabajo se enfoca en cuatro temas. En primer lugar, el modo en el que el juego establece definiciones acerca de 'ser rico'; segundo, la incorporacion de herramientas de calculo financiero; tercero, el trabajo sobre el yo, a traves del cual los participantes exploran que puede estar limitando sus chances de exito financiero y como deben transformarse. Finalmente, analizo el trabajo que los jugadores tienen que realizar para hacer concordar juego y realidad, lo que permite que una herramienta desarrollada en Estados Unidos se pueda usar en contextos economicos diferentes como el argentino.
The Metamorphosis of a Horse into a Zebra: A Case of Primary Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis

Chronic diarrhea is a common diagnostic entity faced by many primary care physicians. Primary eosinophilic gastroenteritis (PEG), a relatively rare but not uncommon cause of chronic nonbloody diarrhea, presents with nonspecific symptoms, making clinical consideration and diagnosis extremely challenging. In PEG, eosinophils selectively target the gastrointestinal tract, where they degranulate, causing inflammation and irritation. We report the case of a 46-year-old female with recurrent hospitalizations for nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea over a nine-month period. After an extensive workup ruling out secondary causes of eosinophilia, she was diagnosed with PEG.
Gas source attribution techniques for assessing leakage at geologic CO2 storage sites: Evaluating a CO2 and CH4 soil gas anomaly at the Cranfield CO2-EOR site

Abstract At the Cranfield CO 2 enhanced oil recovery (CO 2 -EOR) site, a localized area of high concentrations of CO 2 (up to 44%) and CH 4 (up to 47%) in soil gas was detected near a plugged and abandoned well. The complexity of attributing this anomaly, especially in a CO 2 -EOR setting, underscores the need for careful attribution techniques and provides rare and valuable experiential knowledge on attributing blind anomalies. An extensive geochemical monitoring program utilizing process-based soil gas ratios, stable and radioactive isotopes of CO 2 and CH 4 , light hydrocarbon concentrations, noble gases, and perfluorocarbon and sulfur hexafluoride tracers was undertaken from 2009 through 2014. The goals were to attribute source, assess the usefulness of various attribution techniques, and begin to develop a framework for attribution in complex CO 2 -EOR settings. Initial process-based assessment indicated an “exogenous” source meaning that it was not the result of natural in-situ processes (Romanak et al., 2012). We report on the additional analyses used to determine the degree to which the anomaly was related to CO 2 injection. This work included characterization of potential non-reservoir gas sources within the overburden using mud-gas samples collected during a new drill and downhole fluids collected from wells within the field. Two hydrocarbon gas sources, one within the reservoir (Tuscaloosa) and one in the above-zone (Wilcox) were geochemically distinct. Stable carbon isotopes (δ 13 C) of CH 4 in the anomaly were similar to those of the reservoir, but stable hydrogen isotopes (δD) indicated that anomalous gases originate from an undetermined microbial source rather than either of the subsurface gas reservoirs. Hydrocarbon geochemical parameters were therefore not only useful for attribution, but were also found to have a high potential for leading to inaccurate conclusions because of alteration via CH 4 oxidation. Noble gases and introduced tracers proved least effective for attribution in this case. The most useful indicator was radioactive isotopes of CO 2 and CH 4 , which contained > 100% modern carbon indicating a negligible input, if any, from the reservoir.
Scrumify: A Software Game to Introduce Agile Software Development Methods

Software Engineering courses are perceived as being dry and boring. The education community has been looking at active learning and hands-on training techniques to engage students better and thereby provide a better understanding of concepts. This paper presents a web-based game called Scrumify, developed by undergraduate students, that is designed to introduce students to the Scrum software development process through story elements, and quiz mechanics. The game is designed to reinforce software engineering concepts more specifically agile software processes. Quizzes within the game are designed to grant points that inject a sense of competition for the users and motivation to learn the agile methodology concepts. Scrumify serves two objectives: software engineering education for audience of the game and web-based game development and software testing education for the developers of the game. Use of this game in classroom provides an active learning technique for agile software processes. Students are more engaged with games and thereby absorb the concepts better. The game was evaluated in a sophomore software engineering class and the results are presented.
{tau}{r_arrow}{eta}({eta}{sup {prime}})2{pi}{nu}, 3{pi}{nu} and the WZW anomaly

It is found that the branching ratio of {tau}{r_arrow}{eta}{sup {prime}}2{pi}{nu} is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of {tau}{r_arrow}{eta}2{pi}{nu}. The branching ratio of {tau}{r_arrow}{eta}{pi}{pi}{pi}{nu} is calculated. The theoretical result agrees with the data. It is the first time that the anomalous Wess-Zumino-Witten vertex {eta}aa is tested. An a{sub 1} resonance is predicted in the final state of the three pions. A prediction of the branching ratio of {tau}{r_arrow}{eta}{sup {prime}}{pi}{pi}{pi}{nu} is presented. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Effects of alarm system error bias and reliability on performance measures in a multitasking environment: are false alarms really worse than misses?

Researchers suggest signaling system false alarms damage human performance more than misses, yet the evidence is inconsistent. Therefore, we examined the effects of false alarm and miss rates on co...
Study of dynamic TDDB in scaled FinFET technologies

Impact of self-heating effect (SHE) has been studied on FinFET devices under dynamic stress. A large channel temperature increase is observed under On-State stress which leads to degradation of TDDB, however, less impact of Off-State stress is observed on TDDB. MC simulators are developed to predict Off-State, On-State and Dynamic TDDB stress. It is shown that SHE in FinFETs leads to TDDB degradation only at higher bias, however, at use conditions; SHE has little impact for both NMOS & PMOS devices.
Actions of Transfer Operators on the Set of Borel Probability Measures

Let (R, σ) be a transfer operator defined on the space of Borel functions \(\mathcal F(X, {\mathcal B})\). The main theme of this chapter is the study of a dual action of R on the set of probability measures \(M_1 = M_1(X, {\mathcal B})\). As a matter of fact, a big part of our results in this chapter remains true for any sigma-finite measure on \((X, {\mathcal B})\), but we prefer to work with probability measures. The justification of this approach is contained in the results of Chap. 5 where we showed that the replacement of a measure by a probability measure does not affect the properties of R described in terms of measures. Our main assumption for this chapter is that the transfer operators R are normalized, that is R(1) = 1. In other chapters, we also used this assumption to prove some results.
Weak Values: The Progression from Quantum Foundations to Tool

Since its introduction in 1988, the weak value has made a remarkable progression within the scientific world. This article will delineate each step of this progression, displayed in four courses. The first course is the notion of a weak value in itself, the second is the first experiments together with theoretical challenges, the third is acceptance as a phenomena and further experiments, and the fourth is the use of weak values as a tool for both the further understanding of quantum puzzles and for precision measurements. We will discuss recent developments in the field and argue that the notion of contextual values as generalized eigenvalues of an observable, contextualized to the measurement being done, is the next conceptual step beyond the weak value. [Editor’s note: for a video of the talk given by Prof. Jordan at the YA80 conference at Chapman, see quantum.chapman.edu/talk-8 and for Prof. Howell, see quantum.chapman.edu/talk-9.]
Traumatic false aneurysm of descending aorta with aortoesophageal fistula

We report a case of traumatically induced false aneurysm with secondary bacterial aortitis of the descending aorta and fistula formation between the aorta and esophagus. This lesion was diagnosed at autopsy and caused death in a 68-year-old female 19 years after an automobile accident. Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) formation as a result of any cause is rare. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of traumatic aortic aneurysm as a result of an automobile accident with subsequent AEF formation.
Active Walker Models for Filamentary Growth Patterns

Many patterns in Nature or laboratory systems are made up of filaments, e.g. diffusion-liminted aggregates (DLA), electrodeposits, dielectric breakdowns, liquid crystal threads, and polymers. These are often modeled by the random walks as in the DLA model or its generalizations. A new approach is introduced here. Specifically, we consider an active walker capable of changing the landscape when walking on it, which is time dependent due to the (internal) influence of the walker, or external disturbance or noise; the movement of the walker is in turn influenced by the state of the landscape. In other words, our model consists of two components, the walker and the landscape, coupling to each other. (For a walk in space of three or higher spatial dimension, the word “environment”, in place of “landscape”, is more suitable. Since the computer results below involve only walks on a two-dimensional lattice, we shall use the word “landscape” throughout this paper.)