cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Active Roll-Moment Control Strategy for Narrow Tilting Commuter Vehicles

SUMMARY An automatic tilt control strategy for a narrow commuter vehicle is described. Such a vehicle would be enclosed like a conventional car but would bank into turns like a motorcycle and so it would feel quite unconventional to drive. The proposed tilt control system uses the steering to tilt the car over like a motorcycle but this is augmented by actively generating a rolling moment about the pivot axis between the tilting upper body and non-tilting base. The provision of this active direct tilt control enables the vehicle to remain upright at low or zero speed and also permits the designer to fine tune the transient roll response. Although it appears complex the proposed tilting control relies on only a few simple sensor measurements, some modest, microprocessor based signal processing and low power, low bandwidth steering and tilt control actuators which might be derived from existing automotive components.
Sympathetic stimulating effects of sufentanil in the cat are mediated centrally

The hemodynamic and adrenal secretory response to sufentanil (25 micrograms/kg i.v.) was evaluated during halothane anesthesia in 3 groups of cats: group I, n = 5, control; group II, n = 4, naloxone pretreatment (3 mg/kg i.v.); and group III, n = 5, acute spinal transection at T3-4. Administration of sufentanil in intact cats (group I), caused a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure and adrenal vein plasma levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and Met-enkephalin. These effects were abolished in naloxone-pretreated cats (group II). Following spinal transection (group III), sufentanil evoked a significant increase in blood pressure and heart rate, but no change in adrenal hormone levels. Intraventricular injections of sufentanil suggest that these sympathetic stimulating effects are mediated at central sites in proximity to the lateral and third ventricle.
Depth-independent hardness improvements in ion irradiated polystyrene

Polystyrene (PS) was irradiated with 2 MeV He{sup +} ions to a fluence of 3.3 {times} 10{sup 9} ions/m{sup 2}. A cross-section of the irradiated layer was subjected to hardness measurements across the section using a nanoindentation technique. Results showed that hardness increased as a function of irradiation depth and showed a maximum value of 12 GPa at a depth of approximately 6.5 {mu}m, for a total ion penetration range of 9 {mu}m, as compared to a hardness of 0.45 GPa for unirradiated PS. The hardness variation with depth followed the trend for Linear Energy Transfer (LET) for ionization from the energetic ions to substrate atoms. This investigation showed for the first time how hardness varies as a function of depth for ion-irradiated polymers; this variation approximately follows the ionization LET profile, suggesting that cross-linking in the polymers could be proportional to ionization.
Introduction to the issue on short wavelength lasers and applications

HIS ISSUE dedicated to short wavelength lasers and their applications follows the one published on this same subject by this JOURNAL in 1996. The articles in the present issue, while far from providing complete coverage of this vast field, clearly illustrate the accelerated progress achieved in the development and application of practical sources of short wavelength during the past three years. In the area of soft X-ray lasers, covered by the first set of articles, the progress has been dramatic. Three years ago saturated tabletop soft X-ray lasers did not exist, and only a handful of proof-of-principle applications experiments had been completed, most of them at very large laser facilities. The field is now rapidly approaching the stage at which soft X-ray lasers sufficiently compact to fit on a normal optical table will be routinely utilized in science and technology. The articles in this issue illustrate the impressive increase in efficiency that has resulted from the use of excitation mechanisms that take full advantage of multiple pulse excitation schemes, ultrafast high-power optical laser drivers, and compact capillary discharges. The important advances recently achieved in the generation of coherent soft X-radiation by phase-matched upconversion of high power optical lasers are also described in one of the articles. The last two papers in this area report the realization of new applications of soft X-ray lasers, and include the report of the first application of a high repetition rate soft X-ray laser.The second and third groups of papers relate to Publisher Item Identifier S 1077-260X(99)10431-3. the equally significant progress achieved in the more mature area of sources and applications for the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum, respectively. The latter is an area in which short wavelength lasers are already massively used in important applications, such as the lithography of the most advanced microelectronic circuits, and medical procedures, such as photorefractive keratectomy. The first paper in the vacuum ultraviolet area reports the impressive demonstration of nearly 100% upconversion of radiation into the VUV utilizing electromagnetically induced transparency. This article is followed by reports of new methods to generate VUV and ultraviolet radiation, and their use in particular applications. In conclusion, we wish to thank the authors for their contributions, the IEEE Editorial Office staff, and Mrs. Fran Jetko, in particular, for the excellent support they provided during the preparation of this issue.
Outcome of patients with total colonic ischemia

PURPOSE: In this study, we sought to determine the outcome of patients with ischemic colitis, comparing patients with segmental disease with those with total colonic ischemia. METHODS: Patients with the diagnosis of ischemic colitis over the past six years were selected and reviewed for demographics, presenting symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. RESULTS: Forty-three consecutive patients with ischemic colitis were identified and were grouped into those with segmentai ischemic colitis and total colonic ischemia. Mean age was 68.8 years; 28 of 43 patients (65 percent) were males. Diagnosis was established by colonoscopy in 31 of 43 patients (72 percent), whereas in the remainder, diagnosis was made in the operating room. Ischemic colitis developed in the hospital in 17 of 43 patients (40 percent) during admission for an unrelated illness. In 6 of 43 (14 percent) of these patients, ischemic colitis developed following surgery. Thirty-one of 43 patients (72 percent) were found to have segmental colitis; 11 of 31 patients (35 percent) were successfully managed nonoperatively. Segmental colitis was present in 31 of 43 patients (72 percent), and 12 of 31 (35 percent) of these patients were successfully managed nonoperatively. In the patients with segmental colitis who required surgery, the 30-day mortality rate was 22 percent. Among 12 of 17 patients (71 percent) with segmental ischemia treated by resection and stoma, 9 of 12 (75 percent) underwent eventual stoma closure. All 12 patients with total colonic ischemia required surgery, and 9 of 12 patients (75 percent) died. CONCLUSION: Ischemic colitis occurs commonly during an unrelated hospital admission and following previous surgery. Most patients treated by resection and stoma undergo stoma closure. Total colonic ischemia carries a worse prognosis than segmental colonic ischemia.
Some Speculations on High-Energy Quantum Electrodynamics

Recent work on quantum electrodynamics is reviewed, some speculations about the theory are made, and some conceivable future experimental implications are discussed. (auth)
Protein Kinase Modulation of a Neuronal Cation Channel Requires Protein–Protein Interactions Mediated by an Src homology 3 Domain

Accumulating evidence suggests that many ion channels reside within a multiprotein complex that contains kinases and other signaling molecules. The role of the adaptor proteins that physically link these complexes together for the purposes of ion channel modulation, however, has been little explored. Here, we examine the protein-protein interactions required for regulation of an Aplysia bag cell neuron cation channel by a closely associated protein kinase C (PKC). In inside-out patches, the PKC-dependent enhancement of cation channel open probability could be prevented by the src homology 3 (SH3) domain, presumably by disrupting a link between the channel and the kinase. SH3 and PDZ domains from other proteins were ineffective. Modulation was also prevented by an SH3 motif peptide that preferentially binds the SH3 domain of src. Furthermore, whole-cell depolarizations elicited by cation channel activation were decreased by the src SH3 domain. These data suggest that the cation channel-PKC association may require SH3 domain-mediated interactions to bring about modulation, promote membrane depolarization, and initiate prolonged changes in bag cell neuron excitability. In general, protein-protein interactions between ion channels and protein kinases may be a prominent mechanism underlying neuromodulation.
Pensions and Training

Economic analysis of private pensions commonly assumes that incentives for long tenure and early retirement enhance workforce productivity. An implication of the productivity theory of pensions is that workers who receive job train ing are more likely to be covered. We test this prediction with data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). We find a strong positive relationship between pensions and training, even after controlling for income and other worker and firm characteristics.
Recovery discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible turbulence

The recovery-based discontinuous Galerkin (RDG) 18 has recently been extended 19 to simulate the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, including broadband turbulence. In the present work, an approach is developed to implement RDG to compressible turbulence problems with shocks. For this purpose, a new discontinuity sensor is embedded into the DG framework, in analogy to hybrid central/shock-capturing finite difference and finite volume schemes. This sensor selects regions where hierarchical reconstruction is applied; in smooth regions, no limiting is used. This solution-adaptive local limiting is shown to preserve the high order of accuracy in smooth regions, as well as prevent oscillations near discontinuities. A stringent suite of test problems, including shock-dominated flows and broadband turbulence, confirms the efficient and accurateapplication of the present recovery-based discontinuous Galerkin (RDG) method to compressible turbulence problems.
Comparative analysis of radiometer systems using non-stationary processes

Radiometers require periodic calibration to correct for instabilities in the receiver response. Various calibration techniques exist that minimize the effect of instabilities in the receivers. The optimal technique depends upon many parameters. Some parameters are constrained by the particular application and others can be chosen in the system design. For example, the measurement uncertainty may be reduced to the limits of the resolution of the measurement (sensitivity) if periodic absolute calibration can be performed with sufficient frequency. However if the period between calibrations is long, a reference-differencing technique, i.e. Dicke-type design, can yield better performance. The measurement uncertainty not only depends upon the detection scheme but also on the number of pixels between calibrations, the integration time per pixel, integration time per calibration reference measurement, calibration reference temperature, and the brightness temperature of what is being measured. The best scheme for reducing the measurement uncertainty also depends, in large part, on the stability of the receiver electronics. A framework for evaluating calibration schemes for a wide range of system architectures is presented. Two methods for treating receiver non-stationarity are compared with radiometer measurements.
Selling Alberta at the Mall: The representation of a Canadian province at the 2006 Smithsonian Folklife Festival

This article examines the representation of the Canadian province of Alberta at the 2006 Smithsonian Folklife Festival. Through a close analysis of the site layout of the festival, the author points to a conflict between the anthropological goals of the Smithsonian Institution and the political/industrial goals of the province. The article draws upon scholarship from the fields of anthropology, museum studies and cultural studies, using Gramsci’s notion of folklore and a comparison between the Folklife Festival and World’s Fairs.
The effects of spline interpolation on power spectral density

This paper discusses the power spectral effects of spline interpolators. A general technique is given for finding the steady-state spectral effects of splines of all orders, when applied following uniform sampling of the input function. The following observations are made: 1) the even order splines that were examined (second and fourth order) possessed divergent steady-state frequency transfer functions, 2) the degree of preservation of the power spectral density of the input process increased with the order of the (odd order) spline used for interpolation, and 3) the reconstruction of a stationary random process over a finite record length will, on the average, have less power than indicated by the steady-state transfer function.
The effect of Newsday's science education series program on selected ninth-grade students' comprehension of science reading material

Reading is a communication process that is crucial to students in science. Printed text materials are the most widely used teacher aids in the classroom. But reading as a major focus of science instruction has been out of favor with the mainstream of science education since the late 1950s. Despite this, few would deny the value of reading skills in a science class. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine how the use of Newsday's Science Education Series Program affected selected ninth-grade students' comprehension of science reading material. Analysis of covariance showed that students with standardized reading and mathematics scores at least two years above grade level who were taught using newspaper science articles alone had Degrees of Reading Power posttest scores higher at the 0.05 level of significance compared to students taught using Newsday's Science Education Series Program or using only the science article's content as part of class lessons. Students with standardized reading and mathematics scores on grade level taught using Newsday's Science Education Series Program had Degrees of Reading Power posttest scores higher at the 0.01 level of significance compared to students taught by either of the other methods.
Micro-fabricated electrolytic micro-bubblers

Abstract Rectangular node electrodes were developed with micro-fabrication techniques in order to produce an electrolytic micro-bubbler which, while subjected to a convective flow, can generate bubbles of nearly uniform size with mean diameters of 50 μm or less. The devices were fabricated and placed in both a quiescent tap water chamber and a water channel operating at laminar flow rates. The effect of applied voltage and flow conditions on the bubbles generated was tested on single electrode pairs. Videos of the bubbles generated by the devices were taken from which the bubble sizes and generation rates were recorded. It was found that higher applied voltages coincided with smaller average bubble size, a narrower distribution of bubble sizes, higher bubble fluxes, and a higher current efficiency. The imposition of a hydrodynamic flow was shown to reduce average bubble size, narrow the range of bubble sizes, and reduce current efficiency. Smaller electrode nodes were seen to reduce the number of active nucleation sites and thus produced a narrower bubble size distribution. In the best case, the bubble distribution was nearly mono-disperse with a small average bubble diameter (ca. 40 μm) with repeatable mean bubble diameters and bubble fluxes. Intermediate values of the ratio of electrode node width and cathode/anode spacing provided the largest average bubble diameters.
Keeping the Show on the Road? The Role of the Acting Headteacher

In a context where school leadership is identified as crucial to school performance and preparation for headship is expected, the role of the short-term acting head is increasingly anomalous and school leadership may be jeopardized. This article reports on a study of acting heads’ situations, experience and support in post. A range of reasons led to acting positions that were then held for widely varying periods and supported to very different degrees. Uncertainty on length of appointment, role boundaries and freedom to innovate led to some dissatisfaction and unwillingness to apply for permanent posts. The findings also raise issues for the maintenance of school performance in times of change and uncertainty.
The impact of channel usage information on the throughput achieved by 802.11-style MACs in urban mesh networks

It is well known that in dense mesh networks, CSMA-based MACs such as IEEE 802.11 achieve lower through-put than optimal spatial TDMA. This paper explores the degree to which the difference in throughput is partly due to a lack of channel usage information and the degree to which the difference is due to packet ordering. To this end, the throughput achieved by a large number of hypothetical MAC algorithms is studied via simulation of a dense urban mesh network. TheMACs algorithms explored range from simple modifications of IEEE 802.11 to schemes where global information is assumed to be known.
Shared decision making and other variables as correlates of satisfaction with health care decisions in a United States national survey

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between shared decision-making (SDM) and satisfaction with decision (SWD) within a larger survey of patient decision-making in health care consultations.
Micro-Scale Mobile Robotics

The field of microrobotics has seen tremendous advances in recent years. The principles governing the design of such submillimeter scale robots rely on an understanding of microscale physics, fabrication, and novel control strategies. This monograph provides a tutorial on the relevant physical phenomena governing the operation and design of microrobots, as well as a survey of existing approaches to microrobot design and control. It also provides a detailed practical overview of actuation and control methods that are commonly used to remotely power these designs, as well as a discussion of possible future research directions. Potential high-impact applications of untethered microrobots such as minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment inside the human body, biological studies or bioengineering, microfluidics, desktop micromanufacturing, and mobile sensor networks for environmental and health monitoring are reported.
Meta-Design: Reflections on a Graduate Course in Design Theory and Methodology

Motivated by the directive of the NSF Division of the same name, a graduate course in Design Theory and Methodology was offered in the Fall 1987 Semester at the University of California at Berkeley. Participating students took an active role in the design of the class itself, including allocating resources and defining an appropriate grading scheme. This paper summarizes the conclusions of a meta-design team composed of the principal investigator, three students in the class and an outside student involved in the manufacture and redesign of the major class project. The team not only studied the design process followed by students involved in the class projects, but also the design of the class itself. Results from the introspective and retrospective analysis of the meta-design team are compared to the results of other researchers and provide hypotheses for formal testing in future experiments. Recommendations on computational aids to improve the design process are proposed.
Integration of the Advanced Dish Development System

The Advanced Dish Development System (ADDS) project is an advanced, system-level dish/Stirling solar power system development activity aimed at the remote power marketplace. Unlike any of the other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) program sponsored activities, the ADDS project is being integrated by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). Although SNL and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) help the DOE manage the CSP program, previous system development activities were all integrated by industry partners, with SNL and NREL providing technical support. The ADDS project is a technology development activity with the specific objective of fielding a remote, off-grid, water-pumping dish/Stirling system on an Indian reservation in the Southwestern U.S. To meet this objective, the WGAssociates (WGA) solar concentrator and controls, and the SOLO 161 Stirling Power Conversion Unit (PCU) were selected for the major components. The WGA concentrator and controls technology are well advanced and utilize structural facet mirror technology and concentrator structure and controls technology developed over decades with DOE and private investment. The SOLO 161 Stirling PCU, including solar receiver and controls, has also benefited from decades of development. Two ADDS designs have been developed. A first-generation (Mod 1) grid-connected prototype system was fielded at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) in Albuquerque, NM in the summer of 1999, primarily for the purpose of reliability improvement. In 2000, an upgraded, second-generation (Mod 2) system, including a standalone water-pumping ADDS was developed, and in 2001 it was installed and demonstrated at the NSTTF. While the value of remote power electricity is greater than for utility power, (estimates range from 20 to more than 50 cents per kilowatt-hour) the remote environment presents additional requirements. The ADDS project has been a first step in the development and demonstration of a dish/Stirling system that can potentially address this large commercial opportunity. Integration of the ADDS has also been challenging and rewarding. As a result of the ADDS project, insights beyond specific component expertise have been obtained. Even though we have not been able to achieve our original objective of fielding a dish/Stirling system on an Indian reservation because of reduce budgets, the ADDS project has been successful in that most of the original system specifications and technical objectives were met or exceeded. It has also served as a valuable test bed for the evaluation of advanced technology in a system context. The ADDS technology and results are presented in other papers. In this paper, the integration philosophy and approaches utilized in the various stages of the ADDS project are presented and described. Insights gained from integration of the ADDS are also discussed.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Expansion of spleen myeloid suppressor cells represses NK cell cytotoxicity in tumor-bearing host

Tumor growth promotes the expansion of myeloid suppressor cells. An inverse correlation between natural killer (NK) cell activation and myeloid suppressor cell (MSC) expansion in tumor-bearing patients and mice prompted us to investigate the role of MSCs in controlling NK antitumor cytotocixity. After adoptive transfer to naive recipients, CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) MSCs freshly isolated from spleens of tumor-bearing mice but not naive mice were able to inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity. An in vivo imaging analysis indicates that the removal of tumors resulted in a significant increased ability (P < .05) in NK cell cytotoxicity to eliminate injected YAC-1 cells from the lungs. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of the composition of lung leukocytes further indicates that the removal of tumors also leads to the reduction of MSCs accumulated in the lung. These data suggest that MSCs suppress NK cell cytotoxicity. The inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity is cell-cell contact dependent. Inhibition of perforin but not granzyme B production was responsible for MSC-mediated inhibition of NK cytotoxicity. Western blot analyses further suggests that MSCs suppress IL-2-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity by affecting the activity of Stat5.
Differences in inhibitory capability among queens of the ant Solenopsis invicta

. The abilities of various categories of queens of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, to inhibit de-alation by virgin queens are compared by means of a standardized bioassay that detects the presence of an inhibitory pheromone. Highly fecund (high weight) queens of monogynous colonies and virgin replacement queens in queenless colonies have a significantly greater inhibitory capability than queens of lower fecundity (lower weight). In polygynous colonies, inhibitory effectiveness is also positively related to the fertility of individual queens, although no pheromone can be detected in queens that lay few eggs. Alate virgin queens that have overwintered in the parental nest, and sexually mature spring-reared virgin queens, either do not produce the pheromone, or produce too little to be detected. These results are discussed in relation to the degree of ovarian development of different queen categories and in relation to the social status of these queens.
Ups and Downs: Valuing Cyclical and Commodity Companies

Cyclical and commodity companies share a common feature, insofar as their value is often more dependent on the movement of a macro variable (the commodity price or the growth in the underlying economy) than it is on firm specific characteristics. Thus, the value of an oil company is inextricably linked to the price of oil just as the value of a cyclical company is tied to how well the economy is doing. Since both commodity prices and economies move in cycles, the biggest problem we face in valuing companies tied to either is that the earnings and cash flows reported in the most recent year are a function of where we are in the cycle, and extrapolating those numbers into the future can result in serious misvaluations. In this paper, we look at the consequences of this dependence on cycles and how best to value companies that are exposed to this problem.
The SITES reserve selection system: A critical review

Simulated Annealing. We discuss the formulation of the SITES model, present a new formulation for that problem, and solve a number of 13 test problems optimally using off-the-shelf software. We compared our optimal results with the SITES Simulated Annealing heuristic and 14 found that SITES frequently returns significantly suboptimal solutions. Our results add further support to the argument, started by 15 Underhill [L.G. Underhill, Optimal and suboptimal reserve selection algorithms, Biol. Conserv. 70 (1994) 85Y87], continuing through 16 Rodrigues and Gaston [A.S.L. Rodrigues and K.J. Gaston, Optimization in reserve selection procedures Y why not?, Biol. Conserv. 107 17 (2002) 123Y129], for greater integration of optimal methods in the reserve design/selection literature. 18
Autoantibodies and common viral illnesses

Abstract Objectives: To review the literature about common autoantibodies produced in association with viral infection. Methods: Medline review of the medical literature published in English. Results: Common viral infections are often associated with low-titer, polyspecific autoantibodies. However, high-titer antinuclear antibodies, double-stranded DNA antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies, and other subtype antibodies may be found. Hepatitis C and B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and parvovirus B19 appear to be associated with autoantibodies more commonly than other viruses. Conclusions: Transient autoantibodies resulting from viral infections are notuncommon. Clinical and laboratory follow-up over time will help distinguish between connective tissue disease and self-limited illness.
Evidence for Aceticlastic Methanogenesis in the Presence of Sulfate in a Gas Condensate-Contaminated Aquifer

The anaerobic metabolism of acetate was studied in sediments and groundwater from a gas condensate-contaminated aquifer in an aquifer where geochemical evidence implicated sulfate reduction and methanogenesis as the predominant terminal electron-accepting processes. Most-probable-number tubes containing acetate and microcosms containing either [2-14C]acetate or [U-14C]acetate produced higher quantities of CH4 compared to CO2 in the presence or absence of sulfate.14CH4 accounted for 70 to 100% of the total labeled gas in the [14C]acetate microcosms regardless of whether sulfate was present or not. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the acetate enrichments both with and without sulfate using Archaea-specific primers showed identical predominant bands that had 99% sequence similarity to members of Methanosaetaceae. Clone libraries containing archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified from sediment from the contaminated portion of the aquifer showed that 180 of the 190 clones sequenced belonged to the Methanosaetaceae. The production of methane and the high frequency of sequences from the Methanosaetaceae in acetate enrichments with and without sulfate indicate that aceticlastic methanogenesis was the predominant fate of acetate at this site even though sulfate-reducing bacteria would be expected to consume acetate in the presence of sulfate.
Social Networking and Online Recruiting for HIV Research: Ethical Challenges

Social networking sites and online advertising organizations provide HIV/AIDS researchers access to target populations, often reaching difficult-to-reach populations. However, this benefit to researchers raises many issues for the protections of prospective research participants. Traditional recruitment procedures have involved straightforward transactions between the researchers and prospective participants; online recruitment is a more complex and indirect form of communication involving many parties engaged in the collecting, aggregating, and storing of research participant data. Thus, increased access to online data has challenged the adequacy of current and established procedures for participants' protections, such as informed consent and privacy/confidentiality. Internet-based HIV/AIDS research recruitment and its ethical challenges are described, and research participant safeguards and best practices are outlined.
Local associations and the barium puzzle

We have observed high-dispersion echelle spectra of main-sequence stars in five nearby young associations -- Argus, Carina-Near, Hercules-Lyra, Orion and Subgroup B4 -- and derived abundances for elements ranging from Na to Eu. These are the first chemical abundance measurements for two of the five associations, while the remaining three associations are analysed more extensively in our study. Our results support the presence of chemical homogeneity among association members with a typical star-to-star abundance scatter of about 0.06 dex or less over many elements. The five associations show log$\epsilon$(Li) consistent with their age and share a solar chemical composition for all elements with the exception of Ba. We find that all the heavy elements (Y, Zr, La, Ce, Nd, Sm and Eu) exhibit solar ratios, i.e., [X/Fe] $\simeq$ 0, while Ba is overabundant by about 0.2-0.3 dex. The origin of the overabundance of Ba is a puzzle. Within the formulation of the s-process, it is difficult to create a higher Ba abundance without a similar increase in the s-process contributions to other heavy elements (La-Sm). Given that Ba is represented by strong lines of Ba II and La-Sm are represented by rather weak ionized lines, the suggestion, as previously made by other studies, is that the Ba abundance may be systematically overestimated by standard methods of abundance analysis perhaps because the upper reaches of the stellar atmospheres are poorly represented by standard model atmospheres. A novel attempt to analyse the Ba I line at 5535 A gives a solar Ba abundance for stars with effective temperatures hotter than about 5800 K but increasingly subsolar Ba abundances for cooler stars with apparent Ba deficiencies of 0.5 dex at 5100 K. This trend with temperature may signal a serious non-LTE effect on the Ba I line.
Postformal Thought and Living in Balance

The book you are reading right now is about logical cognitive development in midlife and late life. But it is also about how an individual can both understand and actually live in balance, that is, a balance of mind, emotions, body, interpersonal life, and spirit.
Vibrational State-Resolved Study of the O- + D2 Reaction: Direct Dynamics from 0.47 to 1.20 eV†

We present a crossed beam study of the title reaction over the collision energy range from 0.47 to 1.20 eV, over which the dynamics of particle transfer are direct. The data include vibrational state populations and vibrational-state dependent angular distributions. Over the entire collision energy range, the product vibrational state distributions are inverted, and the extent of that inversion as measured by the vibrational surprisal increases with increasing collision energy. The energy dependence of the product vibrational state distributions is partially consistent with mixed energy release in the Heavy + Light−Light mass combination, but it more closely resembles the behavior of proton transfer in the O- + HF system at low energies, where the attractive well induces corner cutting trajectories, leading to partitioning of increased reagent translation into product vibration. The most probable rotational energy is approximately constant as a function of vibrational quantum number and is effectively ind...
Cycles in Newton´s means

In the dynamical system defined by Newton´s means for n complex variables, n≥2 there are invariant, planar curves with (chaotic) dynamics conjugated to the dynamics of z↦z n on the unit circle in the complex plane.
The role of adenosine in HgCl2-induced acute renal failure in rats

It has been proposed that adenosine mediates the renal hemodynamic changes in acute renal failure (ARF) and that these changes are pathogenic in reducing glomerular filtration rate. Consistently, adenosine-receptor antagonists such as theophylline have been shown to have protective effects in several experimental models of ARF. The present experiments were designed to explore the potential role of adenosine in HgCl2-induced ARF in rats. In isolated perfused rat kidneys, HgCl2 increased adenosine production and induced a concentration-dependent vasoconstriction. However, the vasoconstriction was unrelated to adenosine production and was not antagonized by theophylline. During the initiation phase of HgCl2-induced ARF in intact rats (first 4 h after injection), theophylline failed to reverse the reduction in inulin clearance, and this failure could not be attributed to a loss of vascular responsiveness to adenosine, since N6-cyclohexyladenosine, a receptor agonist, produced a further reduction in inulin cle...
SP0133 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Other Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases

Management of a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is directed toward treating the underlying inflammation, preventing complications (e.g. joint damage, loss of function) and decreasing pain. Treatment is aimed at inducing and maintaining remission with the least toxic medications. The mainstays of JIA therapy represent drugs that suppress the inflammatory and immune responses, and include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologic agents. Systemic corticosteroids are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents and still have an important role especially as an initial treatment in certain JIA subtypes such as systemic JIA, severe forms of polyarthritis with functional impairment and for chronic uveitis unresponsive to topical therapy. Indications for corticosteroids use in systemic JIA include uncontrolled fever, symptomatic serositis, severe anemia and macrophage activation syndrome, while in patients with polyarthritis corticosteroids are usually used as a low-dose and short term bridging therapy before the full therapeutic efficacy of DMARD. Injections of long-acting corticosteroid directly into inflamed joints is a standard therapy in children with oligoarthritis and are sometimes given also in patients with polyarticular disease while awaiting response to DMARD. The goal of treatment with DMARDs is to achieve and maintain inactive disease and then stop other treatments such as NSAIDs and corticosteroids. Methotrexate is safe and effective drug for treatment of JIA and is the most frequently prescribed DMARD. It has the greatest efficacy in patients with extended oligoarthritis and polyarthritis, and may also have a disease-modifying effect to slow down the radiologic progression of the disease. The disease flare will occur in as many as 60% of the patients after stopping methotrexate and it is not firmly established when a patient can stop taking the drug. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonists are the most often used biologic therapy in patients with JIA. In general, biologics are indicated in JIA patients who have had an inadequate response to 3 months of methotrexate at the maximum tolerated typical dose or who have not tolerated methotrexate. Since biologic agents have a more rapid onset of action and appear to be more efficacious than methotrexate, treatment with biologics may also be considered before or concurrent with methotrexate, particularly in patients with severe polyarthritis or cervical spine involvement. At present, there is no clear evidence for how long JIA patients should be treated and when to discontinue treatment with biologics. In general, it is advised that the biologic treatment should be slowly tapered and it is not recommended to completely discontinue all therapy (e.g. patients should stay at least on methotrexate). Current evidence suggests that up to 70% of children with JIA that achieved clinical remission on medication will have a disease flare within three years off their medication. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Mitral valve prolapse. When is it serious

Mitral valve prolapse can best be diagnosed with careful clinical evaluation, including dynamic auscultation. Treatment consists of reassurance, pharmacotherapy for troublesome symptoms, and careful monitoring for signs of complications. Most complications can be either prevented or treated.
Choosing the nontenure track

“Isn't this just a glorified postdoc position? Won't taking this offer hurt my chances of landing a tenure-track professor position?” These were the questions I asked my adviser when he offered me a promotion from postdoc to assistant research scientist, the title given to non–tenure-track
Edwin Jenkins Over, Jr. (1905–1963)

(1984). Edwin Jenkins Over, Jr. (1905–1963) Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 59, Colorado, pp. 38-43.
Characterization of human short chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR16C family members related to retinol dehydrogenase 10.

All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is a bioactive derivative of vitamin A that serves as an activating ligand for nuclear transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors. RA biosynthesis is initiated by the enzymes that oxidize retinol to retinaldehyde. It is well established that retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10, SDR16C4), which belongs to the 16C family of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily of proteins, is the major enzyme responsible for the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde for RA biosynthesis during embryogenesis. However, several lines of evidence point towards the existence of additional retinol dehydrogenases that contribute to RA biosynthesis in vivo. In close proximity to RDH10 gene on human chromosome 8 are located two genes that are phylogenetically related to RDH10. The predicted protein products of these genes, retinol dehydrogenase epidermal 2 (RDHE2, SDR16C5) and retinol dehydrogenase epidermal 2-similar (RDHE2S, SDR16C6), share 59% and 56% sequence similarity with RDH10, respectively. Previously, we showed that the single ortholog of the human RDHE2 and RDHE2S in frogs, Xenopus laevis rdhe2, oxidizes retinol to retinaldehyde and is essential for frog embryonic development. In this study, we explored the potential of each of the two human proteins to contribute to RA biosynthesis. The results of this study demonstrate that human RDHE2 exhibits a relatively low but reproducible activity when expressed in either HepG2 or HEK293 cells. Expression of the native RDHE2 is downregulated in the presence of elevated levels of RA. On the other hand, the protein encoded by the human RDHE2S gene is unstable when expressed in HEK293 cells. RDHE2S protein produced in Sf9 cells is stable but has no detectable catalytic activity towards retinol. We conclude that the human RDHE2S does not contribute to RA biosynthesis, whereas the low-activity RA-sensitive human RDHE2 may have a role in adjusting the cellular levels of RA in accord with specific physiological conditions.
Toothbrushing Monitoring using Wrist Watch

Daily toothbrushing is essential for maintaining oral health. However, there is very limited technology to monitor the effectiveness of toothbrushing at home. In this paper, a system is built to monitor the brushing quality on all 16 tooth surfaces using a manual toothbrush and an off-the-shelf wrist watch. The toothbrush is modified by attaching small magnets to the handle, so that its orientation and motion can be captured by the magnetic sensor in the wrist watch. The toothbrushing gestures are recognized based on inertial sensing data from the wrist watch. As the acoustic signal collected from the watch is correlated with the motion of toothbrushing stroke, acoustic sensing algorithm is designed to assist in recognition. User-specific toothbrushing order is also utilized to improve the surface recognition. In extensive experiments with 12 users over 3 weeks, our system successfully recognized toothbrushing gestures with an average precision of 85.6%.
Multiple minorities as multiply marginalized: Applying the minority stress theory to LGBTQ people of color

ABSTRACTThe evidence is now overwhelming that discrimination negatively impacts both the physical and mental health of minority groups. Members of multiple-minority groups, such as lesbian, gay, bi...
Embracing Young Professionals: The Key to Future Success

This article highlights the importance of engaging and mentoring young professionals as a key to the future success of SHAPE America and the state professional associations.
Ann Whitney Gleason. New Methods of Teaching and Learning in Libraries . Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. 200p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-4422-6411-3).

Ann Whitney Gleason’s book arrived on my desk at the perfect time. Similar to many colleges and universities across the country, at my university, we are currently struggling with economic and budgetary issues, assessment issues, how to best integrate the new Framework from ACRL and information literacy standards into the curriculum, as well as faculty retirements! I wondered what answers the book held for me.
Mirror coatings for large aperture UV optical infrared telescope optics

Large space telescope concepts such as LUVOIR and HabEx aiming for observations from far UV to near IR require advanced coating technologies to enable efficient gathering of light with important spectral signatures including those in far UV region down to 90nm. Typical Aluminum mirrors protected with MgF2 fall short of the requirements below 120nm. New and improved coatings are sought to protect aluminum from oxidizing readily in normal environment causing severe absorption and reduction of reflectance in the deep UV. Choice of materials and the process of applying coatings present challenges. Here we present the progress achieved to date with experimental investigations of coatings at JPL and at GSFC and discuss the path forward to achieve high reflectance in the spectral region from 90 to 300nm without degrading performance in the visible and NIR regions taking into account durability concerns when the mirrors are exposed to normal laboratory environment as well as high humidity conditions. Reflectivity uniformity required on these mirrors is also discussed.
The Effect of Speech Repetition Rate on Neural Activation in Healthy Adults: Implications for Treatment of Aphasia and Other Fluency Disorders

Functional imaging studies have provided insight into the effect of rate on production of syllables, pseudowords, and naturalistic speech, but the influence of rate on repetition of commonly-used words/phrases suitable for therapeutic use merits closer examination. Aim: To identify speech-motor regions responsive to rate and test the hypothesis that those regions would provide greater support as rates increase, we used an overt speech repetition task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to capture rate-modulated activation within speech-motor regions and determine whether modulations occur linearly and/or show hemispheric preference. Methods: Twelve healthy, right-handed adults participated in an fMRI task requiring overt repetition of commonly-used words/phrases at rates of 1, 2, and 3 syllables/second (syll./sec.). Results: Across all rates, bilateral activation was found both in ventral portions of primary sensorimotor cortex and middle and superior temporal regions. A repeated measures analysis of variance with pairwise comparisons revealed an overall difference between rates in temporal lobe regions of interest (ROIs) bilaterally (p < 0.001); all six comparisons reached significance (p < 0.05). Five of the six were highly significant (p < 0.008), while the left-hemisphere 2- vs. 3-syll./sec. comparison, though still significant, was less robust (p = 0.037). Temporal ROI mean beta-values increased linearly across the three rates bilaterally. Significant rate effects observed in the temporal lobes were slightly more pronounced in the right-hemisphere. No significant overall rate differences were seen in sensorimotor ROIs, nor was there a clear hemispheric effect. Conclusion: Linear effects in superior temporal ROIs suggest that sensory feedback corresponds directly to task demands. The lesser degree of significance in left-hemisphere activation at the faster, closer-to-normal rate may represent an increase in neural efficiency (and therefore, decreased demand) when the task so closely approximates a highly-practiced function. The presence of significant bilateral activation during overt repetition of words/phrases at all three rates suggests that repetition-based speech production may draw support from either or both hemispheres. This bihemispheric redundancy in regions associated with speech-motor control and their sensitivity to changes in rate may play an important role in interventions for nonfluent aphasia and other fluency disorders, particularly when right-hemisphere structures are the sole remaining pathway for production of meaningful speech.
Effect of HCI degradation on the variability of MOSFETS

The effect of HCI (hot-carrier injection) degradation on the variability of FETs is studied with a novel test structure. Using a space-and time-efficient technique, a large number of degradation measurements can be taken in the time usually required for a single device. Studies with this structure have shown that variability is actually reduced by the degradation caused by HCI stress.
“Too Much on My Plate”: Transitioning to College with an Eating Disorder

Eating disorders are common in the adolescent and young adult years and have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness. This chapter describes the case of a young woman with a history of anorexia nervosa of the binge-purge type, who presents for an initial consultation several months before transitioning to college. While stable at the time of matriculation, she begins to relapse shortly after classes begin. The case presentation illustrates the development of concerning behaviors, identification by college administration, and involvement of parents in helping connect her to appropriate treatment. Discussion focuses on the importance and practicalities of developing a multidisciplinary treatment team, including medical and mental health providers, as well as a dietitian, to create treatment guidelines allowing the student to remain enrolled at school.