cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Validity of Self-Reports of Delinquency and Socio-Emotional Functioning among Youth on Probation

Abstract This study examined the validity of self-reported delinquency and socio-emotional functioning of 48 court-probated juveniles from the Southern Illinois region. Data collected for this study included: probation referral forms providing criminal history background information for each youth, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach, 1991b), the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach, 1991a), and a modified version of the Conduct Disorder module of the K-SADS (Ambrosini, 1992). Moderately strong, positive correlations were observed between the CBCL and YSR scores, but only for limited scales. Comparisons of the CBCL and YSR delinquency scales with probation records of police contacts and adjudications demonstrated moderately strong convergence and both the youth and parent reported data successfully predicted adjudications in hierarchical regression analyses. In summary, the youth acknowledged involvement in more delinquent activities than were reported by their parents or noted in probation records. It ...
Comparative planetary mineralogy: Implications of martian and terrestrial jarosite. A crystal chemical perspective

Abstract The importance of the discovery of jarosite at the Meridiani Planum region of Mars is discussed. Terrestrial studies demonstrate that jarosite requires a unique environment for its formation, crystallizing from highly acidic (pH 2 that reacted with aqueous solutions in shallow aquifers or on the martian surface. This interaction forms both H 2 SO 4 and H 2 S. A martian oxidant must be identified to both oxidize H 2 S to produce the required acidity of the fluid, and to oxidize Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ . We suggest that reactions involving both sulfur and the reduction of CO 2 to CO may provide part of the answer. The jarosite crystal structure is truly remarkable in terms of its tolerance for the substitution of a large number of different cations with different ionic radii and charges. The structure accommodates hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, the stable isotope systematics of which are strong recorders of low-temperature fluid-rock-atmosphere interactions. Jarosite has been proven to be a robust chronometer for Ar–Ar and K–Ar dating techniques, and there is every reason to believe that U–Pb, Rb–Sr, and Nd–Sm techniques for older jarosite from Mars will also be robust. Although the discovery of jarosite on Mars alone, with no other analytical measurements on the phase, has given us insights to martian surficial processes, the true power of jarosite can not be exploited until jarosite is sampled and returned from Mars. Mars sample return is a long way off but, until then, we should be vigilant about examining martian meteorites for alteration assemblages that contain jarosite. A suite of jarosite samples representing a significant time span on Mars may hold the key to reading the record of martian atmospheric evolution.
Differences in heavy chain amino acid sequences affecting the specificity of antibodies for variants of cytochrome c

In a previous study [Goshorn et al. (1991) J. biol. Chem. 266, 2134-2142], several mAb specific for the same region on different cytochromes c were shown to have similar H or L chains. To determine the effect of differences in individual chains on antigenic variant specificity in the present study, chimeric mAb were prepared by recombining the H and L chains of mAb having the same or a different cytochrome c specificity. The H and L chains of two mAb to the region around residue 60 on horse cytochrome c (1F5.D1 and 2E5.G10) were functionally interchangeable even though the H chain differed by 11 amino acid residues in the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) and 15 amino acids overall in the variable regions. The L chains only differed by four amino acid residues in the CDR (five residues overall). Neither the H nor L chain of a mAb binding the same region of rat cytochrome c (6H2.B4) was functionally interchangeable with the chains of the two horse cytochrome c-specific mAb. The L chain of this mAb is very different from the other L chains which were derived from a different V kappa family, but the H chain is nearly as similar to the horse cytochrome c-specific H chains as they are to each other. Most of the differences occur in CDR3 and result from the use of a distinct DH segment. The results indicate that, in some cases, the specificity of a mAb for a particular variant of a protein Ag, at least in regard to the H chain, is determined by only a few amino acid differences. The differences in the sequences of the H chains of the three mAb in this study and in the structures of their specific Ag provide insight into a possible molecular basis for the specificity of these mAb.
Low-voltage organic field-effect transistors and inverters enabled by ultrathin cross-linked polymers as gate dielectrics

The quest for high-performance organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) gate dielectrics is of intense current interest. Beyond having excellent insulating properties, such materials must meet other stringent requirements for optimum OTFT function: efficient low-temperature solution fabrication, mechanical flexibility, and compatibility with diverse gate materials and organic semiconductors. The OTFTs should function at low biases to minimize power consumption, hence the dielectric must exhibit large gate capacitance. We report the realization of new spin-coatable, ultrathin (<20 nm) cross-linked polymer blends exhibiting excellent insulating properties (leakage current densities approximately 10(-)(8) Acm(-)(2)), large capacitances (up to approximately 300 nF cm(-)(2)), and enabling low-voltage OTFT functions. These dielectrics exhibit good uniformity over areas approximately 150 cm(2), are insoluble in common solvents, can be patterned using standard microelectronic etching methodologies, and adhere to/are compatible with n(+)-Si, ITO, and Al gates, and with a wide range of p- and n-type semiconductors. Using these dielectrics, complementary invertors have been fabricated which function at 2 V.
Numerical implementation of a multiple-ISV thermodynamically-based work potential theory for modeling progressive damage and failure in fiber-reinforced laminates

A thermodynamically-based work potential theory for modeling progressive damage and failure in fiber-reinforced laminates is presented. The current, multiple-internal state variable (ISV) formulation, enhanced Schapery theory (EST), utilizes separate ISVs for modeling the effects of damage and failure. Damage is considered to be the effect of any structural changes in a material that manifest as pre-peak non-linearity in the stress versus strain response. Conversely, failure is taken to be the effect of the evolution of any mechanisms that results in post-peak strain softening. It is assumed that matrix microdamage is the dominant damage mechanism in continuous fiber-reinforced polymer matrix laminates, and its evolution is controlled with a single ISV. Three additional ISVs are introduced to account for failure due to mode I transverse cracking, mode II transverse cracking, and mode I axial failure. Typically, failure evolution (i.e., post-peak strain softening) results in pathologically mesh dependent solutions within a finite element method (FEM) setting. Therefore, consistent character element lengths are introduced into the formulation of the evolution of the three failure ISVs. Using the stationarity of the total work potential with respect to each ISV, a set of thermodynamically consistent evolution equations for the ISVs is derived. The theory is implemented into commercial FEM software. Objectivity of total energy dissipated during the failure process, with regards to refinements in the FEM mesh, is demonstrated. The model is also verified against experimental results from two laminated, T800/3900-2 panels containing a central notch and different fiber-orientation stacking sequences. Global load versus displacement, global load versus local strain gage data, and macroscopic failure paths obtained from the models are compared to the experiments.
Connecting Replication and Recombination

Replication forks frequently break and must be repaired by recombination. A reconstituted reaction now allows the factors that coordinate conversion from a recombination intermediate back to a replication fork to be defined. The PriA protein plays a key role in this control.
Mechanism for the destruction of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform DNAPLs by modified Fenton's reagent.

Abstract The destruction of a carbon tetrachloride DNAPL and a chloroform DNAPL was investigated in reactions containing 0.5 mL of DNAPL and a solution of modified Fenton's reagent (2 M H 2 O 2 and 5 mM iron(III)-chelate). Carbon tetrachloride and chloroform masses were followed in the DNAPLs, the aqueous phases, and the off gasses. In addition, the rate of DNAPL destruction was compared to the rate of gas-purge dissolution. Carbon tetrachloride DNAPLs were rapidly destroyed by modified Fenton's reagent at 6.5 times the rate of gas purge dissolution, with 74% of the DNAPL destroyed within 24 h. Use of reactions in which a single reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxide anion, or superoxide radical anion) was generated showed that superoxide is the reactive species in modified Fenton's reagent responsible for carbon tetrachloride DNAPL destruction. Chloroform DNAPLs were also destroyed by modified Fenton's reagent, but at a rate slower than the rate of gas purge dissolution. Reactions generating a single reactive oxygen species demonstrated that chloroform destruction was the result of both superoxide and hydroxyl radical activity. Such a mechanism of chloroform DNAPL destruction is in agreement with the slow but relatively equal reactivity of chloroform with both superoxide and hydroxyl radical. The results of this research demonstrate that modified Fenton's reagent can rapidly and effectively destroy DNAPLs of contaminants characterized by minimal reactivity with hydroxyl radical, and should receive more consideration as a DNAPL cleanup technology.
Young Children and Media: Limitations of Current Knowledge and Future Directions for Research

Although television viewing has been a normative activity for 50 years, the rise of infant viewing is a relatively recent phenomenon. The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages TV viewing in the first two years of life. The scientific evidence base supporting this recommendation has been meager but is growing. This article reviews the limitations of our current knowledge and argues in favor of additional focused research on media's effects on very young children.
Cell size effects on the strength of foamed glass

Different cell sizes of foamed or cellular glass were tested in tension (the Brazil test), flexure and compression at various stress rates. It was observed that the strengths increased with stress rate and also varied with the macrostress state. In all the tests the smaller cell sizes were stronger, the strengths varying as the inverse square root of the cell size. Analysis of the tensile (the Brazil test) results suggests a cumulative damage failure model where the critical flaws developed by the sequential failure of adjacent cell walls by a slow crack growth process. The KIc value of this particular cellular glass is estimated to be about 0.087 MPa m12. Consideration of the flexural and compressive strength measurements suggests a shear mode of failure and that the KIIc and the KIIIc of these cellular glasses may substantially exceed their KIc value.
Decisions about drug therapy. II. Expert opinion in a hypothetical situation.

The drug choices of experts in clinical psychopharmacology were studied in terms of their responses to case reports containing brief narrative histories and detailed symptom and behavior descriptions. The purposes of the study were to examine similarities and differences in the conceptions of appropriate indications for psychotherapeutic drugs and to develop a model of the consensus decision behavior. The several judges were found to behave similarly in their selections of drug treatments. Three major classes of drugs were consistently chosen for use with patients having distinctly different types of symptom profiles. Prototype clinical profiles representing the experts' conceptions of appropriate indications for antipsychotic, antianxiety and antidepressant drugs were derived, and a model of decision behavior representing the consensus of the judges was constructed. The study of clinical decision behavior in the manner of this investigation appears to have potential usefulness as another approach in clinical psychopharmacologic research.
Metal-ligand charge-transfer-promoted photoelectronic Bergman cyclization of copper metalloenediynes: photochemical DNA cleavage via C-4' H-atom abstraction.

Metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) photolyses (λ ≥ 395 nm) of copper complexes of cis-1,8-bis(pyridin-3-oxy)oct-4-ene-2,6-diyne (bpod, 1), [Cu(bpod)2]PF6 (2), and [Cu(bpod)2](NO3)2 (3) yield Bergman cyclization of the bound ligands. In contrast, the uncomplexed ligand 1 and Zn(bpod)2(CH3COO)2 compound (4) are photochemically inert under the same conditions. In the case of 4, sensitized photochemical generation of the lowest energy 3π−π* state, which is localized on the enediyne unit, leads to production of the trans-bpod ligand bound to the Zn(II) cation by photoisomerization. Electrochemical studies show that 1, both the uncomplexed and complexed, exhibits two irreversible waves between Ep values of −1.75 and −1.93 V (vs SCE), corresponding to reductions of the alkyne units. Irreversible, ligand-based one-electron oxidation waves are also observed at +1.94 and +2.15 V (vs SCE) for 1 and 3. Copper-centered oxidation of 2 and reduction of 3 occur at E1/2 = +0.15 and +0.38 V, respectively. Combined with...
Reassessing service courses in statistics

Service courses in statistics are frequently criticized by students as being unnecessary or Irrelevant to their educational goals. This article examine the teaching of undergraduates service courses. Indentifying several areas critical to the sucess of the courses.General Philosphing conceriningthe resoultions of the problems associated with the teaching of an undergraduates service courses are proposed as well as the specific suggestionsfor a course for a social science majors
Between Solids/Monologues in Brown: A Mystory Performance

This essay is a performance space in which I access the dramatic monologue form to juxtapose the experiences of a postcolonial body enmeshed in colonial discourses of color with the experiences of a racialized body in America. In scenes and scenarios, I excavate moments from two social archaeologies—an “old color narrative” arising from the Indian subcontinent, one that is steeped in gender, colonial longings, and filial goodness, and a “new color narrative” that has been imposed on me in the West, one that is more political and thus exclusionary. I frame these monologues as a mystory performance and analyze the ways in which it fuses with and deviates from the goals of a mystory. Finally, I offer a discussion of performative resistance by addressing how “performativity” functions in these scenes as both citationality and an “intervention upon citationality.” (Bhabha, 1994; Butler, 1990). Ultimately, I hope to arrive, alongside the reader, in an “elsewhere location” to understand the performative process ...
Late Pleistocene calcareous nannofossils in the caribbean and their interoceanic correlation

Abstract Pleistocene climatic fluctuations as determined by means of oxygen isotope ratios from the pelagic sedimentary record of the Caribbean can be recognized also by changes included in the calcareous nannoplankton. Of 23 species tabulated from the Pleistocene fossil record two species, Ceratolithus cristatus and Umbellosphaera tenuis, are more abundant during temperature maxima. Seven species, Coccolithus pelagicus, Disoaster perplexus, Discolithina japonica, Discosphaera tubifera, Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica, Oolithotus antillarum and Umbellosphaera irregularis, occur more abundantly during temperature minima in the Caribbean. Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, a species which becomes extinct during Pleistocene, is more abundant at times of temperature maxima during the last two temperature cycles of its existence, but prior to that appears to have been more common during temperature minima in tropical latitudes. Gephyrocapsa oceanica is the most abundant species in the Pleistocene record. It is represented by two distinct morphotypes, one more common during temperature minima and the other more common during temperature maxima. The interval examined in detail represents less than one-half million years, but contains two distinct biostratigraphic data; the Pseudoemiliania lacunosa extinction and the earliest occurrence of Emiliania huxleyi.
1H CRAMPS n.m.r. study of the chemical functionality of Argonne Premium coals

Abstract 1 H CRAMPS n.m.r. spectra of pyridine-saturated samples of the Argonne Premium coals were examined in detail. These spectra were deconvoluted to yield relative concentrations for individual peaks. Six separate peaks — three aliphatic (1.0, 1.8 and 3.5 ppm) and three aromatic (6.8, 8.3 and 10.5 ppm) — were identified, allowing assignment of the following chemical functionalities: methyl, methylene, methoxy, aliphatic methylene ether (CH 2 O), aromatic (sp 2 CH), protons α to aromatic nitrogen in pyridine-type structures, phenolic OH, carboxylic OH, amine NH 2 and O -hydroxypyridine OH. The relative intensity of each peak was estimated from the deconvolutions. A great diversity of chemical functionality of Argonne Premium coal samples has been observed and to some degree characterized.
A calculational procedure for design problems in multicomponent distillation

A calculation procedure for multicomponent distillation has been developed that is directly applicable to design problems. It is based on successive approximation methods with adjustment of the number of equilibrium stages in each column section between iterations to meet given reflux flow and feed stage composition conditions while maintaining specified key component recoveries. This procedure has been applied to a number of representative distillation design problems. It converges readily to proper column designs from initial estimates based on a noniterative stage-to-stage calculation. Moreover, the procedure is markedly superior in computational efficiency to solution of design problems by repeated application of operating calculations to assumed column configurations.
Relationship between thermal convection intensity and aspect ratio of two triangular cavities inscribed in horizontal rectangular cavities

Purpose – Sets out to discuss laminar free convection characteristics of air confined to a square cavity and a horizontal rectangular cavity (aspect ratio A=2) along with the viable isosceles triangular cavities and right‐angle triangular cavities that may be inscribed inside the two original cavities.Design/methodology/approach – The three distinct cavities shared the base wall as the heated wall, while the remaining sides and upper walls are cold. The finite volume method is used to perform the numerical computation of the transient conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy. The methodology takes into account the second‐order‐accurate quick scheme for the discretization of the convective term, whereas the pressure‐velocity coupling is handled with the simple scheme. The working fluid is air, which is not assumed as a Boussinesqian gas, so that all influencing thermophysical properties of air are taken as temperature‐dependent. The cavity problem is examined over a variety of height‐based Grash...
What Drives Students to Complete Online Courses? What Drives Faculty to Teach Online? Validating a Measure of Motivation Orientation in University Students and Faculty.

Although online student enrollment has shown double digit growth for almost a decade and academic leaders recognize that online education is necessary for enrollment growth, little is known about what motivates students to enroll in or faculty to teach face-to-face (F2F) versus online courses. The psychometric properties of a motivation scale were examined with students (n = 235) and faculty (n = 104) at a large, public, urban university in the southeastern USA. Analyses revealed that the scale was reliable as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for online and F2F courses were similarly constructed for students and faculty; additionally, results revealed that motivations for online and F2F education are distinct concepts. Findings also demonstrated that online extrinsic motivation predicted the number of online courses students completed, while F2F intrinsic motivation negatively predicted the number of online courses a faculty member had taught. These results address several limitations with existing moti...
Overconsumption, reference groups, and equilibrium efficiency

Abstract Economists argue that overconsumption and low savings rates in developed societies are mainly due to the negative effects of reference groups. We show that overconsumption behavior depends on the relative strength of the group effects but not on the sign.
Brillouin scattering from thermal fluctuations of a thin membrane in a viscous fluid

Abstract A calculation is presented of the shape of the Brillouin spectra of light scattered from thermally excited waves in a thin membrane immersed in a viscous fluid. The motion of the fluid-membrane-fluid system is obtained by combining the Navier-Stokes equations with equations of motion for a viscoelastic membrane. The extent to which the motion is thermally excited is estimated from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The form of the light scattering cross section is obtained by using the thermally excited density fluctuations to calculate an induced dipole spectrum. Numerical results are presented and the conditions for fluid or membrane dominance of the motion are discussed.
The Obstacle-Set Method for Representing Muscle Paths in Musculoskeletal Models

A computational method is introduced for modeling the paths of muscles in the human body. The method is based on the premise that the resultant muscle force acts along the locus of the transverse cross-sectional centroids of the muscle. The path of the muscle is calculated by idealizing its centroid path as a frictionless elastic band, which moves freely over neighboring anatomical constraints such as bones and other muscles. The anatomical constraints, referred to as obstacles, are represented in the model by regular-shaped, rigid bodies such as spheres and cylinders. The obstacles, together with the muscle path, define an obstacle set. It is proposed that the path of any muscle can be modeled using one or more of the following four obstacle sets: single sphere, single cylinder, double cylinder, and sphere-capped cylinder. Assuming that the locus of the muscle centroids is known for an arbitrary joint configuration, the obstacle-set method can be used to calculate the path of the muscle for all other joint configurations. The obstacle-set method accounts not only for the interaction between a muscle and a neighboring anatomical constraint, but also for the way in which this interaction changes with joint configuration. Consequently, it is the only feasible method for representing the paths of muscles which cross joints with multiple degrees of freedom such as the deltoid at the shoulder.
Inequalities for Sums of Distances

(1973). Inequalities for Sums of Distances. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 1009-1017.
ON THE COMPUTATIONAL SOLUTION OF A CLASS OF FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Abstract : Functional differential equations of the form (1) u'(t) = g(t,u(t), u(h(t))), and, more generally, of the form (2) u'(t) = g(t,u(t), u(h(u,t))), arise in the construction of realistic models in a number of fields, ranging from electromagnetic theory and control theory to respiratory theory and neurophysiology. The analytic aspects are quite complex, and numerical solution is anything but routine, even with the aid of a digital computer. In this paper, a method for the computational treatment of differential-difference equations was extended to cover equations of the form given in (1). Equations of the type appearing in (2) can then be treated by means of successive approximations.
From Slavery to Genocide: The Fallacy of Debt in Reparations Discourse

This paper analyzes the failure of the ‘Reparations for Slavery’ movement within the African American community over the past century. It argues that the association of reparations with a “debt” ha...
Reduced plasma concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in children with moderate renal insufficiency

Reduced plasma concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in children with moderate renal insufficiency. We measured the plasma concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH) 2 D) in 39 children comprising three groups: eight with moderate renal insufficiency (GFR of 25 to 50 ml/min/1.73M 2 , seven of whom had tubulointerstitial disease), eight with severe renal insufficiency (on chronic hemodialysis), and 23 healthy control subjects. The mean plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH) 2 D was reduced by some 40% (P 2 D was associated with increased serum concentrations of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and reduced serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus. When analyzed over the range of renal function from normal through severely impaired, values of iPTH correlate inversely and significantly with those of 1,25-(OH) 2 D. Growth was impaired in four of the eight children with moderate renal insufficiency. The results of the current study suggest that in children with moderate renal insufficiency, a reduction in the renal synthesis and in the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH) 2 D may be important pathogenetic events in disordered metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, including secondary hyperparathyroidism. Diminution de la concentration plasmatique de 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D chez des enfants ayant une insuffisance renale moderee. Nous avons mesure la concentration plasmatique de 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D (1,25-(OH) 2 D) chez 39 enfants repartis en trois groupes: 8 avaient une insuffisance renale moderee (GFR de 25 a 50 ml/mn/1.73m 2 sept d'entre eux ayant une nephropathie tubulo-interstitielle), huit ayant une insuffisance renale severe (en hemodialyse chronique), et 23 sujets controles sains. La concentration plasmatique moyenne de 1,25-(OH) 2 D etait diminuee de 40% (P 2 D etait associee avec une augmentation des concentrations seriques d'hormone parathyroidienne immunoreactive (iPTH), et avec des concentrations diminuees de calcium et de phosphore. Lorsque les resultats etaient etudies selon la fonction renale, les valeurs de iPTH etaient inversement et significativement correlees avec celles de la 1,25-(OH) 2 D. La croissance etait ralentie chez quatre des enfants ayant une insuffisance renale moderee. Les resultats de cette etude suggerent que chez les enfants ayant une insuffisance renale moderee, une diminution de la synthese renale et de la concentration plasmatique de 1,25-(OH) 2 D pourrait avoir un role important dans la genese des anomalies du metabolisme du calcium et du phosphore et de l'hyperparathyroidisme secondaire.
α4 and α5 Integrins Costimulate the CD3-Dependent Proliferation of Fetal Thymocytes

Abstract Although integrin receptors have been shown to function as costimulatory molecules on mature thymocytes and T cells, it is not known whether these receptors can function as costimulatory molecules on immature thymocytes. Previous studies have shown that the expression of α4 and α5 integrins were significantly higher on immature, adult CD4 − CD8 − thymocytes than on either mature thymocytes or T cells, suggesting that these receptors are involved in early thymocyte development. In this study, we show that day 16 fetal thymocytes express levels of α4 and α5 equivalent to those of adult CD4 − CD8 − thymocytes. Immobilized fibronectin, a ligand for α4 and α5 integrins, was found to enhance the CD3-dependent proliferation of these fetal thymocytes. In the presence of IL-7, the magnitude of the proliferative response increased with time of incubation, resulting in a dramatic increase in the percentage of γδ thymocytes. The enhancement of proliferation by fibronectin was abrogated by soluble antibodies against α4 and α5, whereas immobilized mAb to α4 and α5 substituted for fibronectin in enhancing CD3-dependent proliferation, demonstrating that α4 and α5 integrins were responsible for the enhanced proliferation by fibronectin. Anti-α4 mAb enhanced proliferation of fetal thymocytes by 100%, whereas anti-α5 mAb and anti-CD28 mAb enhanced proliferation by 25%. Other costimulatory molecules, such as CD2, FcRγ, and Thy-1, had no effect on the CD3-dependent proliferation of day 16 fetal thymocytes. This study demonstrates that α4 and α5 integrins are capable of costimulating fetal thymocytes.
Microstructural Design for High Strength Steel Welds: The Concept of Duplex Microstructure

In the past three decades, Colorado School of Mines researchers have investigated flux-related welding processes for pipeline applications and systematically characterized the fundamental behavior of welding fluxes. They also established the relationships between flux ingredients, weld metal microstructure, and weld joint mechanical properties. These studies clarified for high strength steel welds the importance of the bimodal nature of weld metal inclusions, related to weld metal transformations. As strength and toughness levels of the steels continue to increase, new generations of consumables must be developed. Two novel consumables design concepts are being investigated at the CSM. The first one is based on a duplex microstructure consisted of lath martensite and ferrite, and the second is based on low carbon, high alloy martensite.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Determination of avian endogenous provirus ‐ cellular junction sequences using inverse polymerase chain reactions

Abstract The inverse polymerase chain reaction (invPCR), based on using sets of oligonucleotide primers oriented in the reverse direction of the usual PCR, was used to amplify cell sequences that flank chicken endogenous virus (ev) genes. Inverse PCR products flanking the 5’ region of ev7 and ev12 were cloned and cell nucleotide sequences were determined. Subsequent PCRs were conducted using primers based on cell sequences flanking ev7, ev12, and the proviral long terminal repeat of ev1. In a survey of experimental and commercial lines and breeds, ev12 was found among three broiler lines. This approach facilitates the identification of ev genes in breeding stocks without conducting prior conventional progeny testing. Moreover, specific ev genes may be detected in individuals harboring a variety of other ev genes.
Action of air pollutants on the biosynthesis of secondary plant products

A review of experimental observations about metabolic disturbances to plants is pertinent for elucidating the effects of air pollutants which do or may control the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically valuable components. The air pollutants discussed included sulfur dioxide, ozone, smog, nitrogen dioxide, and PAN. Ozone has been reported to damage the palisade cells of the leaf blade. Most efforts have been directed toward the study of smog, with its principal reactive components NO/sub 2/, O/sub 3/, and unsaturated olefins. NO/sub 2/ injures plants in proportion to the opening of the stomata by a slow depression of growth at concentrations above 0.5 ppM. Photosynthesis is depressed by PAN as shown by studies with chloroplasts of leaves of horticultural varieties of beans. Respiratory reactions can be inhibited by PAN and smog. Inhibition of the principal electron transfer systems within and outside of the dicarboxylic acid cycle will retard the rate of biosynthesis of secondary products. Reductions of photosynthetic components will reduce also the supply of primary substances for secondary biosynthesis. 30 references.
MO‐G‐BRA‐06: A Primary Standard for HDR Brachytherapy Calibrations

Purpose: A new Canadian primary standard for high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapycalibrations has been developed, offering improved accuracy through the use of a Pb wedge to determine the scatter component k sc at each measurement position. Methods: The new HDR standard calibrates ,192,Ir brachytherapy sources in terms of air‐kerma strength (S K ). An HDR brachytherapycalibration rig was manufactured and commissioned. This rig utilizes a low (0.5 m) aluminum table to which is mounted a motorized single‐axis linear stage. An afterloader feeds an ,192,Ir source vertically up through a fixed 1 m tall PMMA tube column attached to the table. A second 1 m PMMA tube column is attached to a movable carriage on the linear stage and supports a spherical graphiteionization chamber. A series of 10 measurements are made with the source‐to‐detector distance varying from 10 cm to 55 cm in 5 cm increments. The largest correction factor, k sc (scatter from the stage, walls, floor and ceiling) is determined using a Pb‐wedge technique to block the direct beam and allow a direct measurement of scatter at each distance. The small distance correction is then a simple matter to determine, allowing a more accurate determination of the source strength based on distance squared. Results: : Measurements with a Pb‐wedge technique for determining k sc demonstrated that the scatter component for each position varied, in contradiction to the constant‐scatter supposition of the alternative 7‐distance measurement calculation. These measurements were supported by EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulations. The disagreement between these two techniques for determining k sc represent an (S K ) difference of approximately 0.4%. Conclusions: The new HDR brachytherapycalibration capability demonstrates higher accuracy through a more accurate scatter correction. This standard will participate in a formal international comparison for HDR brachytherapy, tentatively scheduled for 2011.
Are BPI and BPII suicide attempters distinct neuropsychologically

Abstract It is not clear if bipolar disorder I (BPI) and bipolar disorder II (BPII) represent the same disorder on a continuum of severity or two distinct syndromes. Neuropsychological functioning is a means of understanding similarities and differences between diagnostic groups. Objective To compare the neuropsychological functioning of depressed suicide attempters with BPI or BPII and healthy controls. Methods Fifty-one individuals with bipolar disorder (BPI n = 32, BPII n = 19) and a history of suicide attempt were compared with 58 healthy controls with respect to neuropsychological functioning in the following domains: motor functioning, psychomotor performance, attention, memory, working memory, impulsiveness and language fluency. Results Participants with BPI and BPII performed significantly more poorly than healthy controls on tests of Digit Symbol Test of psychomotor functioning, the N Back Test of working memory and the Go-No-Go Test of impulsiveness. Participants with BPI were significantly worse than controls but not those with BPII on the Test of Verbal Fluency. Participants with BPII performed significantly worse than either controls or those with BPI on the Simple Reaction Time Motor Test and the Stroop Test of attention. Conclusion While participants with both BPI and BPII performed more poorly than healthy controls, individuals with BPII also performed more poorly than those with BPI on some tests suggesting that they may have a unique syndrome. The findings have implications for assessment and treatment in bipolar disorder.
The Hume Literature, 2010

This bibliography covers the Hume literature for 2010, and follows upon the annual update begun by Rolland Hall for the years 1977 through 1985 and continued by William Edward Morris for 1986 through 2003. This installment, like previous ones, excludes items published in Hume Studies, which are indexed annually in each November issue. Readers of Hume Studies may contact me at jfieser@utm.edu with additions or corrections to any previous year, which can be noted in future installments. I am grateful to all who have provided input on an earlier draft of this bibliography that was posted on the Internet. Aside from the yearly bibliographies published in Hume Studies, readers may find the following bibliographical resources useful:
Performances of the CXrL x-ray beamlines (Poster Paper)

We report the first results on the performance of the new beamlines installed at CXrL. Three new lines have become operational in 1991, bringing the total of ports in use at the Center to five. The High-Flux beamline (Exposure Station #2) was commissioned in November 1991, and delivers a high-intensity spot of radiation for accelerated mask lifetime studies. Of the new beamlines, the Double Toroid beamline ('ES-3') is the one designed and built for the advanced 0.25 micron stepper, currently under development. The beamline employs an optical scanning method, and delivers a beam with a 2 mm FWHM in vertical, and a designed uniformity better than 2% across the 25 mm horizontal field. A 13 micron curved beryllium window is used to extract the beam in helium. First exposures were achieved in October 1991, and the beamline is now used to illuminate the Two State Alignment (TSA) system. As the name implies, the Karl Suss Stepper beamline ('ES-4') is the beamline designed and built to deliver radiation to a Karl Suss XRS-200 stepper, on loan from the IESS of Rome, Italy. This line was completed in November 1991, and the stepper was installed one week later. All of these three beamlines have exposure stations that are enclosed in a Class-10 cleanroom, in order to provide a contamination-free environment. We will present data on the characteristics of the radiation delivered to the exposure systems and on the initial performances of the various systems.
Stress-Related Diagnosis and Barriers to Health Care among Foreign Students: Results of a Survey

Abstract This survey of 476 college health center directors was made to determine if certain stress-related diagnoses were more prevalent among foreign than domestic students and to identify barriers to health care among foreign students. Previously, a pilot longitudinal study at the University of Southern California (USC) Student Health Center (SHC) revealed that 50 disease entities were significantly increased and 30 were significantly decreased in international students. Further analysis of the diagnoses that may be stress related revealed a greater proportion of those conditions among international students. The findings in this survey of college health centers correlated with the results of the pilot study at USC in two major ways: (1) foreign students had higher frequencies than domestic students in 10 of the stress-related diagnoses; and (2) the barriers to health care found among the USC foreign students were also described by the health center directors. These included language difficulties, diff...
An overview of investigational antidepressants.

This article provides a brief overview for the clinician of investigational antidepressant compounds. In the last decade, there have been a large number of compounds introduced, and many of these, some identified only by a compound number, are still in research and development. The present overview is not meant to he exhaustive, hut focuses on the major classes of newer antidepressant drugs. Monoa
Effect of Hesperidin and Litter Moisture on Growth and Carcass Defects of Broilers

Abstract ECONOMIC losses due to carcass defects which cause downgrading of broilers are of great magnitude, having been estimated at about twice that due to condemnations (Crothers and Helbacka, 1960). In a study of causes of such defects of broilers, Crothers and Helbacka (1960) found that bruises accounted for the largest number of downgrades. The second largest number of downgrade birds was listed as those caused by breast blisters; while the fourth highest group was caused by misbleeding or general discolorations. Although about 90% of bruises on commercial broilers are inflicted less than 13 hours prior to slaughter (Hamdy et al., 1961a), there are indications that flock management conditions might influence susceptibility of birds to bruising (Ringrose, 1953; Kaiser and Smith, 1958; Hamdy et al., 1961b). Breast blisters apparently are caused by physical irritation of the keel, since incidence and severity of the condition can be increased by simple increase in…
Electropharmacology of flestolol for supraventricular tachycardia without associated structural heart disease.

Abstract Flestolol is an ultrashort-acting β-blocking drug with a half-life of 6.9 minutes. Its antiarrhythmic efficacy was studied in 21 patients with spontaneous and inducible supraventricular tachycardia: atrioventricular (AV) nodal tachycardia in 6 patients and orthodromic AV reciprocating tachycardia in 15. It increased the effective refractory period of the AV node in all patients with AV nodal tachycardia (fast pathway, p
Involvement of developing sympathetic nervous system in thyroxine-mediated submandibular gland nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor responses.

ABSTRACT: Thyroxine (T4) administration in mice during the 2nd wk of postnatal life elicits a precocious increase in submandibular gland-nerve growth factor (SMG-NGF) and epidermal growth factor (SMG-EGF) levels, but the mechanism(s) of T4 action has not been studied. The present report examines the role of the developing sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the SMG-NGF and EGF responses to T4. For this purpose newborn mice were injected with T4 and/or 6-hydroxydopamine, a toxic congener of norephinephrine which causes selective destruction of sympathetic nerve terminals. The effectiveness of chemical sympathectomy was assessed by SMG-norepinephrine measurements using a sensitive radioenzymatic assay. The glandular norepinephrine contents were greatly reduced indicating that the dose and duration of 6-OHDA treatment were sufficient to cause a total sympathectomy in SMG tissue. In addition, the 6-OHDA treatment greatly reduced the wet weight and total protein content of the sympathetic superior cervical ganglia which innervate SMG tissue. SMG-NGF and EGF concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. 6-OHDA treatment alone did not affect the basal SMG-NGF and EGF concentrations. However, the maximal responses of SMGNGF and EGF to T4 administration were greatly reduced by concurrent treatment with 6-OHDA. In summary, the data demonstrate a critical role for developing sympathetic nervous system in the T4-stimulated increase in SMG-NGF and EGF concentrations.
Genetics of body weight in the LXS recombinant inbred mouse strains.

This is the first phenotypic analysis of 75 new recombinant inbred (RI) strains derived from ILS and ISS progenitors. We analyzed body weight in two independent cohorts of female mice at various ages and in males at 60 days. Body weight is a complex trait which has been mapped in numerous crosses in rodents. The LXS RI strains displayed a large range of weights, transgressing those of the inbred progenitors, supporting the utility of this large panel for mapping traits not selected in the progenitors. Numerous QTLs for body weight mapped in single- and multilocus scans. We assessed replication between these and previously reported QTLs based on overlapping confidence intervals of published QTLs for body weight at 60 days and used meta-analyses to determine combined p values for three QTL regions located on Chromosomes 4, 5, and 11. Strain distribution patterns of microsatellite marker genotypes, weight, and other phenotypes are available on WebQTL ( http://www.webqtl.org/search.html ) and allow genetic mapping of any heritable quantitative phenotype measured in these strains. We report one such analysis, correlating brain and body weights. Large reference panels of RI strains, such as the LXS, are invaluable for identifying genetic correlations, GXE (Gene X Environment) interactions, and replicating previously identified QTLs.
Failure patterns and survival in pediatric soft tissue sarcoma.

Abstract We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas who were seen and treated at the JCRT, DFCI, and TCH between 1970–1984. Patients with rhabdomyosarcoma were excluded. Primary tumors were located in the following sites: extremities 19 (43%), head and neck 9 (20%), and trunk 16 (37%). Median follow-up for survivors was 7.7 years (range 24 mo-16 years). Surgery was the initial aspect of treatment for all patients. All patients also received post-operative irradiation, 43 at presentation and one at local relapse, and 26 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Radiation was delivered to a dose of 4000 cGy (median) followed by a boost to a median dose of 5760 cGy (range 4500–7000 cGy). Actuarial 5- and 10-year disease-free survivals (DFS) were 70% and 59% while the actuarial 5- and 10-year overall survivals (OS) were both 75%. All parameters were assessed for significance by univariate analysis. OS was significantly affected by presenting stage when analyzed according to both the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Staging System (IRS) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer system (AJCC). For the IRS, OS at 10 years was 100% for Stage 1, 72% for Stage II, and 54% for Stage III ( p = 0.04). For the AJCC, OS at 10 years was 100% for Stage I and 65% for Stage II and III ( p = 0.05). Primary site, histology, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy did not influence OS or DFS. Fourteen patients failed: 8 local, 1 distant, and 5 combined local and distant. There was no LF among the 9 pts. with primary lesions 5 cm ( p = 0.04). Pts. with gross residual disease had a local DFS of 42%, but those with no residual or microscopic residual had a local DFS of 71% ( p = 0.02). In conclusion, childhood STS has an excellent OS (75% at 10 years). Tumor size and residual tumor after surgery strongly predicted for local failure. Of interest, the pattern of failure is predominantly local in our series. This suggests that more aggressive local treatment is indicated in management of children with STS. Higher doses of irradiation as used for adult STS are probably indicated for patients with gross residual disease.
Confronting Economic Gender Inequality

The expansion of market relations into new arenas, reflecting the bourgeois need to “nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish connections everywhere” (Marx and Engels 1998: 39), is not just geographic. Colonization begins at home, as seen in the progressive commodification of women’s previously unpaid labor. Thus, even as women slowly improved the gender division of housework (Bianchi et al. 2000), more and more unwaged labor was moving into low-wage jobs in the service economy (Duffy 2005). Women’s waged work is still gendered and segregated, tainted by a traditional and ongoing association with devalued characteristics such as caring (Cohen and Huffman 2003; Folbre 2001). Nevertheless, paid workers are more interchangeable than unpaid workers— just ask a male fast-food cook—and that could be good for gender inequality. These two books bring much needed attention to the problems of gender inequality in labor markets themselves, and also in other arenas in an era dominated by expanding market reach.