cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Durable Long-Term Responses in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes Treated with Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide has proven efficacy and safety and has been shown to reduce transfusion requirements and reverse cytogenetic abnormalities in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, long-term follow-up data have not yet been reported. Here, we describe 6 patients with International Prognostic Scoring System low- or intermediate-1-risk MDS who began lenalidomide therapy between April 2002 and June 2003 as part of the MDS-001 study and who have maintained long-term therapy. Five of these patients had an ongoing requirement for red blood cell transfusions despite previous treatment with recombinant erythropoietin. One patient began lenalidomide therapy because of progressive and symptomatic anemia. To date, all patients maintained long-term transfusion independence (over 4.5 years) while receiving oral lenalidomide therapy, including 5 patients who remain on therapy. Sustained erythroid response was reported despite persistence of the deletion 5q [del(5q)] abnormality in 3 of the 4 patients with del(5q) at study entry. Side effects were largely predictable and manageable. The favorable outcomes presented here show that lenalidomide can induce durable erythroid responses with sustained transfusion independence that can exceed 6 years in patients with lower-risk MDS.
Human ecological planning at Pennsylvania

Abstract A theory of human ecological planning is presented which is based on the premise that all social and natural systems aspire to success. Such a state can be described as ‘ syntropic-fitness-health’. Understanding the process of interaction between the landscape and the people who inhabit it provides a basis for assessing the opportunities and constraints afforded by the environment, and the needs and desires of the population which can be combined to present alternative futures. Such a model allows examination of the impact of any plan upon the health of the inhabitants and the well-being of the social and natural systems.
JNK phosphorylates paxillin and regulates cell migration

The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) is generally thought to be involved in inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis1,2. Accordingly, its substrates are transcription factors and anti-apoptotic proteins2. However, JNK has also been shown to be required for Drosophila dorsal closure3,4, and MAP kinase/ERK kinase kinase 1, an upstream kinase in the JNK pathway, has been shown to be essential for cell migration5,6. Both results imply that JNK is important in cell migration. Here we show that JNK1 is required for the rapid movement of both fish keratocytes and rat bladder tumour epithelial cells (NBT-II). Moreover, JNK1 phosphorylates serine 178 on paxillin, a focal adhesion adaptor, both in vitro and in intact cells. NBT-II cells expressing the Ser 178 → Ala mutant of paxillin (PaxS178A) formed focal adhesions and exhibited the limited movement associated with such contacts in both single-cell-migration and wound-healing assays. In contrast, cells expressing wild-type paxillin moved rapidly and retained close contacts as the predominant adhesion. Expression of PaxS178A also inhibited the migration of two other cell lines. Thus, phosphorylation of paxillin by JNK seems essential for maintaining the labile adhesions required for rapid cell migration.
Acute multiorgan failure syndrome: A potentially catastrophic complication of severe sickle cell pain episodes

The purpose of this report is to characterize the acute multiorgan failure syndrome that complicates some episodes of sickle pain. A retrospective chart review was used to identify episodes of sickle pain complicated by the acute failure of at least two of three organs: lung, liver, or kidney. The defining criteria of organ failure were established, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory values, treatment methods, and outcomes were noted in episodes that met the criteria. Seventeen episodes of acute multiorgan failure were identified in 14 patients, 10 with sickle cell anemia and 4 with hemoglobin SC disease. Most episodes occurred during a pain event that was unusually severe for the patient. The onset of organ failure was associated with fever, rapid fall in hemoglobin level and platelet count, nonfocal encephalopathy, and rhabdomyolysis. Bacterial cultures were negative in all but four episodes. Aggressive transfusion therapy was associated with survival and with rapid recovery of organ function in all but one episode. The syndrome developed in patients who had previously exhibited relatively mild disease with little evidence of chronic organ damage and relatively high hemoglobin values in steady state. Acute multiorgan failure syndrome is a severe, life-threatening complication of pain episodes in patients with otherwise mild sickle cell disease. The syndrome appears to be reversed with prompt, aggressive transfusion therapy. High baseline hemoglobin levels may represent a predisposing factor.
Wall Street Research: Will New Rules Change Its Usefulness?

Differences in how retail and institutional investors use analyst research cloud the future usefulness of recent reforms.
What are the odds of that? A primer on understanding logistic regression

The purpose of this Methodological Brief is to present a brief primer on logistic regression, a commonly used technique when modeling dichotomous outcomes. Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88), logistic regression techniques were used to investigate student-level variables in eighth grade (i.e., enrolled in a gifted class, gender, and socioeconomic status) that were associated with taking an Advanced Placement course in the 10th grade. Through the use of the NELS:88 data, the authors provide an example of how to interpret both categorical and continuous independent variables and illustrate how model fit can be assessed.
Cognitive Limitations and Investment "Myopia"

This is the author's final draft. The publisher's official version is available electronically from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1997.tb01301.x
A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Anonymity and Quasi Anonymity on Disclosure of Child Maltreatment-Related Outcomes Among Postpartum Women

Anonymity may facilitate disclosure of maltreatment-related variables among parents, particularly in the perinatal period. This study was conducted in order to (a) confirm the effect of anonymity on commonly used measures in the field of child maltreatment; (b) examine the extent to which quasi anonymity (in which identifying information is collected but not linked to research data) can also facilitate disclosure on maltreatment-related measures; and (c) examine potential explanatory mechanisms of any association between level of anonymity and disclosure. This study further sought to evaluate these associations in the perinatal period, a crucial point for intervention that is also a time when rates of disclosure may be particularly low. A total of 150 postpartum, primarily African American women were randomly assigned to conditions involving traditional confidentiality, quasi anonymity, or full anonymity. Overall, disclosure on maltreatment-related measures was more than twice as likely for participants in the anonymous condition; quasi anonymity resulted in similar but somewhat smaller increases in disclosure. Anonymous methods may be greatly underutilized in child maltreatment research, and quasianonymous methods show promise as an alternative for longitudinal designs.
The Use of Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs) from Biopsies to Study Changes in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseasesa

A gradual loss of olfactory capability with age and in a number of neurodegenerative diseases is common, and mechanisms underlying these losses are not understood. We determined the feasibility of using ORNs obtained from olfactory epithelial biopsies to identify possible changes in ORN function that may contribute to olfactory impairment in these individuals. ORNs from nine healthy subjects (66-84 yr), three patients with Alzheimer's disease and one with multi-infarct dementia were studied with calcium imaging techniques and two odorant mixtures. Seventy-five viable ORNs were studied; 53% of these were odorant responsive, and twenty percent of these responded to both odorant mixtures. In contrast, 25% of 173 ORNs from younger subjects were odorant responsive, and none of these responded to both odorant mixtures. The proportion of cells responding to each of the odorant mixtures also differed between older and younger subjects. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to examine age or disease-associated changes in neuronal function. Further, age-related changes in ORN selectivity may contribute to changes in olfactory performance.
An Approach to Analyzing the Windows and Linux Security Models

When assessing the potential security risks that exist in the features of different operating systems, there is not a common set of metrics. As a result, it is very difficult to objectively assess the risks associated with a specific feature in the operating system. In this paper, we propose a simple set of metrics to quantify and measure the security risks associated with a specific feature or configuration of any operating systems. We present how the risks in a specific feature in Windows can be quantified and measured with the formula and metrics we have developed in this study. Further more, it is also applicable to other operating systems such as Linux.
Skill improvement among coalition members in the California Healthy Cities and Communities Program

Community-driven, collaborative approaches to health promotion have the potential to enhance skills among community members and, in turn, increase community capacity. This study uses data from an evaluation of the California Healthy Cities and Communities (CHCC) Program to examine whether, and how, community problem-solving and collaboration skills are improved among coalition members and local coordinators in 20 participating communities. Methods include semi-structured interviews with coordinators and mailed surveys with coalition members (n=330 in planning phase and n=243 in implementation phase). The largest number of coordinators reported skill improvement in defining health broadly and assessing needs and assets. Similarly, coalition members reported greatest skill improvement for defining health broadly, assessing needs and assets and setting priorities and developing action plans. Modest correlations were observed between number of roles played in the local healthy cities and communities project and each skill area assessed. Time committed to the local CHCC coalition and its activities was not meaningfully correlated with any of the skills. Types of skill-building opportunities may be more important than number of hours devoted to meetings and activities in strengthening community problem-solving and collaboration skills among coalition members.
Coping with Voices: A Group Approach for Managing Auditory Hallucinations

This article describes a group intervention designed to help people with severe mental illnesses cope with auditory hallucinations. Each session is comprised of both a supportive discussion and skills training. The skills training component utilizes a modeling sequence to promote the development of behavioral coping strategies. These strategies are empirically derived and have been organized into a user-friendly format based on the input of persons who experience hallucinations and mental health professionals. Practical information is also provided to serve as a guide for organizing and implementing this group.
Roles of estrogen and SHBG in prostate physiology

Heretofore, the function of estrogen in the prostate, other than as an antiandrogen, has been unclear. In this review of a growing fund of knowledge about both estrogen and the plasma protein, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), or testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG), the hypothesis is proposed that estrogen, mediated by SHBG, participates with androgen in setting the pace of prostatic growth and function. It is suggested that the estrogen not only directs stromal proliferation and secretion, but also, through IGF-I, conditions the response of the epithelium to androgen.
Ensuring Correct Site Surgery

ABSTRACT In 2000, a report was published that focused on the high rate of medical errors in the United States. Wrong site surgery is defined as any surgery performed on the wrong site or patient or performing the wrong procedure. Since January 1995, 197 wrong site surgeries have been reported through the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization s sentinel event reporting system. Incidents of wrong site surgery should not happen. The perioperative health care team composed of nurses, physicians, anesthesia care providers, unlicensed assistive personnel, admission workers, clerks, and other ancillary staff members must make patient safety an uncompromising goal. This article describes the problem and identifies potential causes for incidences of wrong site surgery. The article also describes steps to act on AORN s patient safety initiative, which includes five suggestions for the development of any surgical site verification policy. Using these suggestions as guidelines for developing a policy and procedure will help decrease the risk of avoidable errors. AORN J 76 (Nov 2002) 770–777.
The Auditory Cortex

Auditory cortex receives input from two major fiber systems. One system consists of the thalamocortical fibers that are the final link in the synaptic chain connecting the ear to the cerebral cortex. It is this system that presumably imposes tonotopic and binaural maps upon the auditory cortex. A second input system is composed of fibers that arise and terminate within the cortex itself. These corticocortical connections serve to interconnect different areas of the cerebral hemispheres. This report focuses on the relationships of tonopic and binaural maps to topograpic distributions of corticocortical connections within cat auditory cortex.
Physician and Parent Behavior During Invasive Pediatric Cancer Procedures: Relationships to Child Behavioral Distress

Observed 51 children with cancer, their parents, and their physicians during routine bone marrow aspirations and lumbar punctures. Child distress was measured via the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress (OSBD); adult behaviors were coded via the Child Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale (CAMPIS). In general, physicians were less verbally interactive than parents both before and during the procedure. As expected, several parent behaviors were positively related to child distress. However, physician behaviors were uniformly negatively related to child distress. Findings are discussed in terms of the physician-patient relationship and the possible role of physicians as change agents in reducing child distress during invasive procedures.
Treatment of Obstructive Bladder Dysfunction in Rabbits with Coenzyme Q10 and Alpha Lipoic Acid

Objectives: Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) is one of the major pathological effects of benign prostatic hyperplasia in men. It is well demonstrated that ischemia followed by reperfusion and the resulting generation of free radicals and oxidative damage to proteins occur in our rabbit model of PBOO and are involved in the observed progressive obstructive bladder dysfunction. The aim of the current project was to determine if treatment of obstructed rabbits with alpha lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10 can reverse the urodynamic, biochemical, and physiological responses to PBOO. Methods: Twenty adult NZW male rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 5 per group): control (sham surgical) animals with no treatment (group 1); control animals treated with coenzyme Q10 + alpha lipoic acid for 3 weeks beginning 4 weeks after surgery (group 2); 7-week obstructed rabbits (group 3); and 7-week obstructed rabbits treated for the last 3 weeks with the combination of the two drugs (group 4). Results: Bladder weight, compliance, volume at micturition and contractile response to all forms of stimulation were reduced following obstruction, but significantly improved after treatment. In addition, the level of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species damage was significantly reduced by treatment. Conclusion: Our results provide additional support for the beneficial effects of treatment of PBOO with strong antioxidants.
What is the rate of adverse events after oral N-acetylcysteine administered by the intravenous route to patients with suspected acetaminophen poisoning?

Abstract Study objective We conduct a study to determine the rate of adverse events (anaphylactoid and cardiorespiratory) associated with the use of oral N-acetylcysteine by the intravenous route for the treatment of suspected acetaminophen poisoning and to examine specific variables that may be associated with adverse events. Methods We conducted a retrospective medical record review with explicit criteria. All patients who received oral N-acetylcysteine by the intravenous route from September 1995 to September 2001 were included. Patients were identified by cross-matching 3 databases. Adverse events were divided into categories of cutaneous, systemic, or life threatening. Five reviewers abstracted charts by using a standardized data collection form. Interrater reliability was calculated by using 24 medical records abstracted by all 5 reviewers. Results There were 7 adverse events identified in 187 patients (3.7%; 95% confidence interval 1.0% to 6.5%). Six adverse events were cutaneous and responded rapidly to antihistamines. One adverse event was life threatening but not clearly related to N-acetylcysteine. A high rate of antihistamine exposure (53%) was identified before the administration of N-acetylcysteine. Interrater agreement was higher than 95%. Conclusion Intravenous administration of an oral solution of N-acetylcysteine is associated with a low rate of adverse events and should be considered for selected patients with suspected acetaminophen poisoning.
Digging for Diamonds: Identifying Valuable Web Automation Programs in Repositories

Web automation programs offer a means for users to enhance the usability of the web. These programs can be published on a wiki or other repository, thereby making them available for use by other users. However, in addition to programs of broad usefulness to the community at large, these repositories also contain many programs that are unreliable or highly specialized to the needs of very small sub- communities. These less valuable programs clutter the repository and make it difficult to find the valuable web automation programs. In this paper, we evaluate a machine learning model that can distinguish between high-value and low-value web automation programs. We find that the model performs well for a wide range of different languages, purposes and configurations, indicating that the model could serve as an effective basis for future repository enhancements.
Reviewing Regulatory Objectives: Should the Scope of Financial Regulation Be Extended?

This paper will consider whether the scope of financial regulation should be extended and if so, ways in which this could occur. In order to carry out these tasks, it will not only address problems identified from the recent crises and Basel 2, gaps which exist in some of the responses to these issues, but will also consider what roles other parties such as central banks and external auditors can play in achieving financial objectives. To a certain extent, it will address these issues by making references to proposals which have been put forward from different sources. It will introduce the points of discussion through an overview of global developments which have necessitated the need for a review of financial regulation and through a review of the present regulatory objectives.
Intrarenal cells, not bone marrow–derived cells, are the major source for regeneration in postischemic kidney

Ischemic injury to the kidney produces acute tubular necrosis and apoptosis followed by tubular regeneration and recovery of renal function. Although mitotic cells are present in the tubules of postischemic kidneys, the origins of the proliferating cells are not known. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) can differentiate across lineages to repair injured organs, including the kidney. However, the relative contribution of intrarenal cells and extrarenal cells to kidney regeneration is not clear. We produced transgenic mice that expressed enhanced GFP (EGFP) specifically and permanently in mature renal tubular epithelial cells. Following ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), EGFP-positive cells showed incorporation of BrdU and expression of vimentin, which provides direct evidence that the cells composing regenerating tubules are derived from renal tubular epithelial cells. In BMC-transplanted mice, 89% of proliferating epithelial cells originated from host cells, and 11% originated from donor BMCs. Twenty-eight days after IRI, the kidneys contained 8% donor-derived cells, of which 8.4% were epithelial cells, 10.6% were glomerular cells, and 81% were interstitial cells. No renal functional improvement was observed in mice that were transplanted with exogenous BMCs. These results show that intrarenal cells are the main source of renal repair, and a single injection of BMCs does not make a significant contribution to renal functional or structural recovery.
Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated at hospitals with and without on-site cardiac surgery: what is the important point?

The title of the report by Pride et al. (1) in this issue of JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions , suggests this is another contribution to the debate about the safety of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) performed at hospitals without cardiac surgery on-site (No-OHS). That issue is addressed
Nanophotonic Materials and Devices for Information Systems Integration

We describe nanophotonic components and devices utilizing form birefringence, photonic crystals, surface plasmons and quantum dots. These devices can be integrated for realization of information systems for various applications.
Certain Characteristic Differences between Excellent and Poor Achievers in Two-Figure Division

It is generally believed that excellent achievers differ from poor achievers in certain skills and abilities involved in two-figure division, but as yet, no one has attempted by systematic study to discover the characteristics, if any, that distinguish these two kinds of achievers. If it can be shown that excellent achievers differ significantly from poor achievers in certain skills and abilities, the information will be of value in diagnosis. It will also throw light on how to differentiate methods of instruction, practice ma terials, and courses of study in division according to the characteristics of the learner.
Issue Evolution, Population Replacement, and Normal Partisan Change

Students of American political behavior have usually turned to “critical election” realignment theories to explain the dynamics of long-term change in the party system. These theories are problematic on both theoretical and empirical grounds. A theory that can account for change within the context of a stable electoral system is required. We propose a theory of issue evolution that explains normal partisan change, and illustrate the theory by examining the impact of racial issues on party identification. The theory looks to the evolution of new issues as the stimulus of partisan change and to the continuous replacement of the electorate as the mechanism through which such change is effected. In a comparison of three theoretical models of issue evolution, we conclude that racial desegregation has provoked a subtle but permanent change in the recruitment of new members of political parties.
Resolved Single-Molecule Detection of Individual Species within a Mixture of anti-Biotin Antibodies Using an Engineered Monomeric Nanopore

Oligomeric protein nanopores with rigid structures have been engineered for the purpose of sensing a wide range of analytes including small molecules and biological species such as proteins and DNA...
Genetic and neuroendocrine regulation of the postpartum brain

Changes in expression of hundreds of genes occur during the production and function of the maternal brain that support a wide range of processes. In this review, we synthesize findings from four microarray studies of different maternal brain regions and identify a core group of 700 maternal genes that show significant expression changes across multiple regions. With those maternal genes, we provide new insights into reward-related pathways (maternal bonding), postpartum depression, social behaviors, mental health disorders, and nervous system plasticity/developmental events. We also integrate the new genes into well-studied maternal signaling pathways, including those for prolactin, oxytocin/vasopressin, endogenous opioids, and steroid receptors (estradiol, progesterone, cortisol). A newer transcriptional regulation model for the maternal brain is provided that incorporates recent work on maternal microRNAs. We also compare the top 700 genes with other maternal gene expression studies. Together, we highlight new genes and new directions for studies on the postpartum brain.
Epidemiological investigation of the first case of group B epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Nanhai District,Foshan City,Guangdong Province,China

Objective To investigate the epidemiological feature of the first case of group B epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Nanhai District,Foshan City,Guangdong Province,China,and provide a scientific basis for further perfection of measure to prevent and control the disease.Methods Individually epidemiological investigation was performed by viewing the medical records and consulting the families of the patient and other insiders.Results The male patient at age of 14 months was hospitalized due to fever and rash on July 11,2011,and was discharged from the hospital after anti-infectious therapy and symptomatic treatment.The patient who lived in ordinary residing and hygienic conditions had no history of exposure to the patients with the same disease.Laboratory test proved that the patient was infected with group B Neisseria meningitides.Drug-sensitivity test showed that the isolate from the patient was sensitive to ticarcillin(TiC),piperacillin(PIP),meropenem(MEM),imipenem(IPM),azthreonam(AZT),cefepime(FEP),cefoperazone(CFP),ceftazidime(CAZ),ceftriazone(CTR),ciprofloxacin(CIP) and levofloxacin(LEV),while was non-sensitive to compound sulfamethoxazole(COSMZ) and gentamicin,and was resistant to amikacin(AMK).No the second generation of cases appeared since comprehensive measures were taken to prevent and control the disease.Conclusion The first case of group B epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Nanhai District,Foshan City was diagnosed.The key to prevent and control the disease was comprehensive measures focusing on strengthening of etiologic monitoring and application of effective drugs.
The use of porous prostheses in delayed reconstruction of total hip replacements that have failed because of infection

Between March 1984 and March 1989, thirty-four patients who had an infection at the site of a cemented total hip prosthesis were managed with resection arthroplasty and delayed implantation of a porous total hip prosthesis without cement. The interval from the time of the resection arthroplasty to the implantation of another prosthesis averaged eight months (range, three to nineteen months). At an average of forty-seven months (range, twenty-four to seventy-two months) after the reimplantation, six patients (18 per cent) had recurrence of the infection. Patients who had rheumatoid arthritis were at significantly higher risk for the development of a recurrent infection (p < 0.01). Of the twenty-eight patients who did not have a recurrent infection, six had definite radiographic evidence of loosening of the femoral component at the latest follow-up evaluation. For twenty-five of the twenty-eight patients, sufficient data were available for calculation of the Mayo Clinic hip score; only fourteen (56 per cent) of these patients had a satisfactory functional outcome. The high (68 per cent) rate of complications and the long-term durability of the prosthesis in these patients remain a concern. The fact that 18 per cent of the patients had a recurrent infection suggests that avoidance of the use of bone cement does not improve the rate of resolution of infection after a delayed revision operation in patients who have an infection following a total hip arthroplasty.
Differentiated Scheduling of Response-Critical and Best-Effort Wide-Area Data Transfers

Many science applications that use wide area networks are response-critical, meaning that they need data to be delivered by a deadline. Yet the state of the art in science networks is best-effort, i.e., transfers are scheduled as they are submitted, with no assurance of completion time or transfer rate. Building on the observation that both the start time and concurrency associated with a given transfer can be controlled, we formulate a bi-objective file transfer scheduling problem. With value functions used to capture the importance and urgency of response-critical transfers, we aim to (a) maximize the aggregate value provided to response-critical transfers, while (b) minimizing average slowdown for other transfers. We present an algorithm, RESEAL, that provides differentiated service to transfers with timing constraints by controlling the scheduled load at the transfer endpoints, while also minimizing the impact of those transfers on other (best-effort) transfers by delaying time-constrained transfers, where useful, so that they complete as close as possible to their optimal completion times (time after which their value starts to decrease). We evaluate RESEAL in a production wide-area network environment using real-world transfer logs. We show that the algorithm can allow response-critical transfers to achieve an aggregate value of 90% of their maximum aggregate value, even when the total load on the network is as high as 60%, with only 9% slowdown for best-effort tasks. Our results suggest that the needs of response-critical applications can be met without resource reservations.
Polymorphic and Posttranscriptional Modifications of 5-HT Receptor Structure

This chapter first describes the structural changes involved in genetic polymorphisms, mRNA editing, and alternative mRNA splicing of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. These structural changes lead to modifications in the production and characteristics of 5-HT receptors and affect protein expression. Functionally, they affect radioligand binding, signal transduction, and receptor sensitivity, thus affecting interindividual variation in responses to therapeutic agents, particularly antipsychotics and antidepressants. Studies indicate that genetic polymorphic and posttranscriptional modifications of 5-HT receptor structure contribute also to pathological processes related to irritable bowel syndrome, cardiopulmonary problems, psychiatric illness (i.e., schizophrenia and mood disorders), Alzheimer’s disease, problems involving increased food and alcohol intake, and behavioral problems such as impulsivity, self-harm, and aggression. In the second part of this chapter, the 5HT2A, 5HT2C, and 5HT4 receptors are used to illustrate the structural changes involved in genetic polymorphisms, mRNA editing, and alternative mRNA splicing along with their functional consequences and pathological implications. Finally, this chapter describes the most salient posttranslational modifications of the 5HT receptors, which involve the chemical modification of the protein after its translation.
Preventable ground wire accidents and fires

When wiring a home or business for single phase operation, it is well known that using a 3-wire system is safer than a 2-wire system, where the 3rd wire is a direct connection to earth ground. We cite several recent investigations where failure to adhere to this simple safety protocol has resulted in damage to humans and property: (1) A bond wire used as if it were an earth ground failed to provide protection during a low current short circuit in a power tap; this resulted in a massive house fire. (2) A homeowner had paid to have a 3-wire electrical hookup in his house, but only 2-wires of the 3 were ever installed — hot (120 VAC RMS) and neutral (nominally at zero volts). An overload in the home computer and/or computer appliance resulted in a massive fire since the neutral was NOT strong enough to sink the excess current safely. (3) Two workers testing HID lamps in a sports arena were electrocuted by a short in the bulb's metal frame; the arena had been built in the 1950's and even though town codes and product codes called for the installation of a ground wire, the electrical infrastructure was never upgraded. (4) A subway rider is pushed on to the 3rd rail. A switch is thrown to divert all of the electric currents to ground, but an improper hookup reduces the electric current that diverts to ground, and so the human lives, but he is severely injured.
Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors for primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: The MD Anderson experience.

8564 Background: Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) has been treated with different chemotherapy regimens. We reviewed medical records and histopathology to determine predictive factors and outcomes for patients (pts) with PMBL seen at the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) between 1995 and 2013. Methods: Baseline characteristics complete (CR) and partial (PR) response to initial therapy, and status of disease and survival over time were collected. Event-free survival (EFS) was based on dates of relapse, progression, or death. Radiotherapy data will be presented separately. Results: 274 pts with PMBL were identified, making this the largest single-center retrospective report of PMBL. Median age was 40 years (range, 17-86), and 149 pts (54%) were female. For patients treated with R, the CR rates were higher, and EFS and overall survival (OS) were improved for all pts at the median follow-up (MFU) of 38 months (mo), and for CHOP-treated pts at MFU of 37 mo (Table). As R is now standard with initial t...
Chapter 9 – Equivalence of the overall and local approaches

Publisher Summary The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate under similar assumptions that both the local and overall approaches give similar results when applied to fiber-reinforced metal–matrix composites. Consistently derived overall–local relations are used to prove the equivalence of the two approaches. This equivalence allows one to use the less complex overall approach for the numerical analysis of boundary value problems, yet obtain the same level of accuracy as that of the local damage approach. Both elastic and inelastic composites are considered. The fibers are assumed to be continuous and perfectly aligned. In addition, a perfect bond is assumed to exist at the matrix–fiber interface. This chapter uses a consistent mathematical formulation to show the equivalence of the two approaches. The elastic and plastic stiffness matrices are derived using both approaches, and each is shown to be identical in both cases.
Molecular Analysis Of Mitochondrial Dynamics

The dynamics properties of mitochondria control their function. I will update our efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and their physiological functions. I will also discuss our use of somatic cell genetics to identify genes involved in mitochondrial function. This includes our attempt to understand why cancer cells are dependent on glucose metabolism. In such a screen, we identified the xCT antiporter, which plays an antioxidant role by exporting glutamate for cystine. Disruption of the xCT antiporter greatly improves cell viability after glucose withdrawal, because conservation of glutamate enables cells to maintain mitochondrial respiration. In some breast cancer cells, xCT antiporter expression is upregulated through the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 and contributes to their requirement for glucose as a carbon source.
Simulation-based design and traffic flow improvements in the operating room

A simulation model was created to model the traffic flow in the operating room. A key research challenge in operating room design is to create the most efficient layout that supports staff and patient requirements on the day of surgery. The simulation allows comparison of base model designs to future designs using several performance measures. To develop the model, we videotaped multiple surgeries in a set of operating rooms and then coded all activities by location, agent and purpose. Our current analysis compares layouts based on total distance walked by agents, as well as the number of contacts, measured as the number of times agents must change their path to accommodate some other agent or physical constraint in the room. We demonstrate the value and capability of the model by improving traffic flow in the operating room as a result of rotating the bed orientation.
MALIGNANT ARRHYTHMIAS IN AUTOIMMUNE MYOCARDITIS SECONDARY TO IMMUNE CHECKPOINT BLOCKADE TREATMENT

The use of immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of several cancers. The targeting of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) has shown beneficial effects in numerous cancers. Here, we report severe, potentially life-threatening side effects of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. 51 yo male with metastatic renal
Determinants of the physician assistant/associate concept in global health systems

Introduction: A global shortage of doctors has led to strategies to improve access to care. The physician assistant/associate (PA) was established in North America and Africa in the 1960s in response to medical shortages. PA activity was cataloged to understand what determines their utilization in a country’s health system. Methods: A mixed-method study design began with searching the available literature regarding the development of PAs worldwide. Key words included “physician assistants”, “non-physicians”, “physician associates”, and “advanced practice providers”. Additional data was through an online search of reports; personal communications with researchers, policymakers, government officials, and practitioners in each country; visits by the authors to a number of the countries; and a review of official documents. In each country interviews included educators, policymakers and government officials who had direct involvement with the introduction of the PA concept, and clinically active PAs. Domain analyses were based on stratification of differences among countries: global region, income, physician to population ratio, attitudes of medical professionals, and practice/regulatory authority. Countries were segmented into two categories: well resourced and less well resourced. Results: The history and status of the PA concept into the health systems of 15 states were reviewed. The determinants for the successful incorporation of PAs include prevailing medical needs, a shortage of physicians or an aging physician workforce; support and sponsorship by physician organizations and government agencies; the ability to mobilize and establish a legal and regulatory framework to accommodate PAs; and evidence that their introduction is acceptable to patients, physicians, and other health professionals. Discussion: The introduction of PAs into health systems occurs because their education is less expensive and time intensive than physicians. In addition, graduates are more likely to occupy roles where there is scarcity of doctors such as in rural and underserved areas. In most instances, a physician-dependent role permits their introduction into health systems in a non-threatening manner to doctors and their practices. The utilization of PAs, particularly in primary healthcare roles, increases access to services, is cost-beneficial, and shows a physician-equivalent quality of care. Conclusion: The PA has been a remarkable health workforce policy development that has spread among countries’ health systems and is likely to continue.
The effect of dissolved gas bubble nucleation on natural convection heat transfer in narrow channels

Research reactors present a different set of operating conditions than do light water (power) reactors (LWRs). Thermal-hydraulic transient/safety codes, such as the Reactor Loss of Coolant Analyses Program (RELAP), have been verified against experimental data from several test facilities designed for the operating conditions of LWRs. However, the operating pressures, temperatures, fuel type, and flow direction are quite different in most high-power research reactors. Furthermore, the coolant (water) in these reactors generally is not degasified and hence contains dissolved air. Results are given of benchmark experiments compared with RELAP predictions for the conditions encountered during a loss-of-coolant accident for a typical research reactor.
ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

This chapter is devoted to magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the investigation of unpaired electron spins. Two terms are used in the literature: electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron spin resonance (ESR). We will use the first term in this chapter. During the sixty years since its discovery in 1944 by E.K. Zavoisky [1], EPR spectroscopy has been exploited as a very sensitive and informative technique for the investigation of different kinds of paramagnetic species in solid or liquid states. The first two parts of the chapter introduce the theoretical background and instrumentation used in two complementary approaches to EPR spectroscopy, i.e., continuous-wave and pulsed EPR. The final part describes typical areas of solid state applications.
Abducens to Medial Rectus Pathway in the MLF: A Possible Cellular Basis for the Syndrome of Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

The neurological syndrome of internuclear ophthalmoplegia consists of defects in horizontal and vertical eye movements: a prominent feature is the loss of conjugate horizontal gaze (Bender & Weinstein, 1944; Cogan, 1948; Cogan et al., 1960; Christoff et al., 1960; Carpenter & McMasters, 1963; Carpenter & Strominger, 1965; Cohen, 1971). Horizontal gaze deficits are caused by an apparent palsy of the medial rectus extraocular muscle which is manifested as a weakness of medially directed gaze in the affected eye. With interruption of/or damage to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) on one side, the ipsilateral eye is abducted at rest and does not cross into the nasal or medial field of gaze except during convergence movements. Medially directed saccades in the affected eye are slowed (Evinger et al., in press) and neither vestibular, visual nor voluntarily induced eye movement can cause the eye to deviate into the medial hemifield (Evinger et al., in press; Cohen, 1971). It is noted that the adductive paresis is also present during electrical stimulation of the pontine reticular formation, a powerful stimulus which usually produces ipsilaterally directed conjugate horizontal eye movement (Cohen, 1974). The profound nature of this adductive paresis implies the necessity of an intact MLF for the production of all conjugate horizontal eye movements (Cohen, 1971; Cohen, 1974).
Topological organization of DNA molecules in the macronucleus of hypotrichous ciliated protozoa

The DNA in the macronucleus of a hypotrichous ciliate occurs as millions of short molecules packed into dense chromatin bodies 0.1–2 μm in diameter. We have studied by electron microscopy the organization of DNA molecules in these chromatin bodies of macronuclei lysed in water at pH 9. Proteinase K treatment of lysed macronuclei progressively releases from chromatin bodies many rosettes of DNA molecules bound at one or both ends to a central core of protein. With longer treatment with proteinase K, rosettes disappear, leaving individual free DNA molecules. We propose that, in the native state, both ends of DNA molecules are bound through telomere-binding protein to a central core to form rosettes. Many rosettes, with collapsed DNA loops, aggregate to form a chromatin body. Chromatin bodies are believed to dissociate into individual collapsed rosettes to form the granules in the forward zone of the replication band. In the rear zone of the band, the rosettes dissociate, presumably as a result of release of telomere-binding protein, which is preliminary to the replication of the DNA molecules.
Tensions in Teacher Development and Community: Variations on a Recurring School Reform Theme.

Background/ContextConducted in the fourth-largest urban center in the United States, this research depicts how different reform initiatives were introduced to one middle school context over the dec...
The Impossibility of Mere Animal Knowledge for Reflective Subjects

In this paper we give reasons to think that reflective epistemic subjects cannot possess mere animal knowledge. To do so we bring together literature on defeat and higher-order evidence with literature on the distinction between animal knowledge and reflective knowledge. We then defend our argument from a series of possible objections.
Impact of moisture ingress on the degradation and trap spectrum in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

A systemic study to understand the impact and the mechanism of moisture ingress-induced degradation of the Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) absorber layer is reported. Moisture ingress leads to an overall efficiency reduction through reduced open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and fill factor. To understand the precise mechanisms for this, two nominally-identical CIGS solar cells were grown. One sample was subjected to water soaking for 24 h after the CIGS deposition. Both samples were then completed and formed into solar cells for trap spectroscopy and electrical characterization. Defect spectroscopy revealed two traps at E V +0.65 eV and E V + 0.98 eV whose concentrations increased significantly after water soaking. Simulations of the cell performance using the trap energies and densities from experiment matched solar cell parameters quite well indicating that increase of these two traps are likely the primary mechanisms for the cell degradation due to the moisture ingress of the CIGS solar cell absorber layer.
A Synopsis of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the Southwestern United States with a Key and Comments on Each of the Genera

A key to 20 genera of asexual female oak gall wasps of the southwestern United States is presented along with comments and status of each genus, including synonymies. Trichoteras Ashmead and Heteroecus Kinsey are retained as genera separate from Andricus Hartig. Andricus frequens (Gillette) new combination and Andricus juvenca Weld new combination are transferred from Callirhytis. Included are instructions for collecting, rearing, and curating. The presence of alternation of generations is described.
Religious Fragmentation, Social Disintegration? Social Networks and Evangelical Protestantism in Rural Andean Bolivia

Latin America remains, much more than any other region in the world, dominated by a single religion: Catholicism. But in the second half of the twentieth century, a so-called “Protestant wave” spread across the region increasing religious diversity. This wave was spurred on by Pentecostal and other evangelical Protestant churches, denominations that challenge the religious syncretism, state-church relationships, and many of the institutions and relationships that structure social and cultural life in Latin America. These changes can bring tensions, conflicts, or abuses that can have a socially disintegrating effect. This paper uses “religious fragmentation” as a lens to examine this process in rural highland Bolivia. Drawing upon qualitative fieldwork in two communities, this paper first examines the motivations for and contestations surrounding increasing Protestant affiliation and second asks how religious fragmentation interacts with existing social networks and relationships. Paying special attention to reciprocity networks, which are culturally and economically significant in these indigenous communities, this paper argues that non-religious social relationships and activities can act as intervening variables that overcome the social fragmentations of religious change.