cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synaptic connections of distinct interneuronal subpopulations in the rat basolateral amygdalar nucleus

Although it is well established that the activity of pyramidal projection neurons in the basolateral amygdala (ABL) is controlled by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory interneurons, very little is known about the connections of specific interneuronal subpopulations in this region. In the present study, immunohistochemical techniques were used at the light and electron microscopic levels to identify specific populations of interneurons and to analyze their connections with each other and with unlabeled presumptive pyramidal neurons. Double-labeling immunofluorescence experiments revealed that antibodies to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and calbindin-D28K (CB) labeled two separate interneuronal subpopulations in the ABL. Light microscopic double-labeling immunoperoxidase experiments demonstrated that many VIP-positive (VIP+) axon terminals formed intimate synaptic-like contacts with the CB-positive (CB+) neurons and that both CB+ and VIP+ terminals often contributed to the formation of pericellular baskets that surrounded unlabeled perikarya of pyramidal neurons. By using a dual immunoperoxidase/immunogold-silver procedure at the ultrastructural level, it was found that 30% of VIP+ terminals in the anterior subdivision of the basolateral nucleus innervated interneurons that were either CB+ (25%) or VIP+ (5%). A smaller percentage (15%) of CB+ terminals formed synapses with labeled interneurons. Both VIP+ and CB+ terminals also innervated unlabeled perikarya, dendrites, and spines, most of which probably belonged to pyramidal neurons. The interconnections between interneurons may be important for disinhibitory mechanisms and the mediation of rhythmic oscillations in the ABL. J. Comp. Neurol. 456:217–236, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The many faces of filamin: A versatile molecular scaffold for cell motility and signalling

Filamins were discovered as the first family of non-muscle actin-binding protein. They are lage cytoplasmic proteins that cross-link cortical actin into a dynamic three-dimensional structure. Filamins have also been reported to interact with a large number of cellular proteins of great functional diversity, suggesting that they are unusually versatile signalling scaffolds. More recently, genetic mutations in filamin A and B have been reported to cause a wide range of human diseases, suggesting that different diseases highlight distinct filamin interactions.
Hypersingular integral formulation of elastic wave scattering

Abstract A hypersingular boundary integral formulation for calculating two dimensional elastic wave scattering from thin bodies and cracks is described. The boundary integral equation for surface displacement is combined with the hypersingular equation for surface traction. The difficult part in employing the traction equation, the derivation of analytical formulas for the hypersingular integral by means of a limit to the boundary, is easily handled by means of symbolic computation. In addition, the terms containing an integrable logarithmic singularity are treated by a straightforward numerical method, bypassing the use of Taylor series expansions. Example wave scattering calculations for cracks and thin ellipses are presented.
Pain Inhibition by Optogenetic Activation of Specific Anterior Cingulate Cortical Neurons

Cumulative evidence from both humans and animals suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for pain-related perception, and thus a likely target for pain relief therapy. However, use of existing electrode based ACC stimulation has not significantly reduced pain, at least in part due to the lack of specificity and likely co-activation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Herein, we report a dramatic reduction of pain behavior in transgenic mice by optogenetic stimulation of the inhibitory neural circuitry of the ACC expressing channelrhodopsin-2. Electrophysiological measurements confirmed that stimulation of ACC inhibitory neurons is associated with decreased neural activity in the ACC. Further, a distinct optogenetic stimulation intensity and frequency-dependent inhibition of spiking activity in the ACC was observed. Moreover, we confirmed specific electrophysiological responses from different neuronal units in the thalamus, in response to particular types of painful stimuli (i,e., formalin injection, pinch), which we found to be modulated by optogenetic control of the ACC inhibitory neurons. These results underscore the inhibition of the ACC as a clinical alternative in inhibiting chronic pain, and leads to a better understanding of the pain processing circuitry of the cingulate cortex.
High-Cost CFD on a Low-Cost Cluster

Direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations (DNS) is an important technique for the future of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in engineering applications. However, DNS requires massive computing resources. This paper presents a new approach for implementing high-cost DNS CFD using low-cost cluster hardware.After describing the DNS CFD code DNSTool, the paper focuses on the techniques and tools that we have developed to customize the performance of a cluster implementation of this application. This tuning of system performance involves both recoding of the application and careful engineering of the cluster design. Using the cluster KLAT2 (Kentucky Linux Athlon Testbed 2), while DNSTool cannot match the $0.64 per Mflops that KLAT2 achieves on single precision ScaLAPACK, it is very efficient; DNST Tool on KLAT2 achieves price/performance of $2.75 per Mflops double precision and $1.86 single precision. Further, the code and tools are all, or will soon be, made freely available as full source code.
Time-dependent localized Hartree-Fock density-functional linear response approach for photoionization of atomic excited states

We present a time-dependent localized Hartree-Fock density-functional linear response approach for the treatment of photoionization of atomic systems. This approach employs a spin-dependent localized Hartree-Fock exchange potential to calculate electron orbitals and kernel functions, and thus can be used to study the photoionization from atomic excited states. We have applied the approach to the calculation of photoionization cross sections of Ne ground state. The results are in agreement with available experimental data and have comparable accuracies with other ab initio theoretical results. We have also extended the approach to explore the photoionization from Ne excited states and obtained some results for the photoionization from outer-shell and inner-shell excited states.
Nursing Outreach to Rural Elderly People Who Are Mentally Ill

A significant proportion of elderly persons living in rural areas may suffer from psychiatric problems, and yet they are less likely than their urban counterparts to receive mental health services (1 ,2). Lack ofaccess to services is a primary reason for this underutilization. Psychiatric nurses have taken a leadership role in addressing this problem through the implementation and evaluation of innovative outreach models to provide services to rural elderly residents who are mentally ill.
Instrumentation for faint microwave line emission measurement

It is difficult to detect faint microwave line emission from a low-temperature source. In this paper, cost-effective methods of detecting these emissions are presented. A Dicke-type receiver (DTR) with an analog lock-in amplifier has been constructed to detect 22 GHz spontaneous emission from water vapor. The receiver compares the brightness temperatures of two waveguide chambers, one containing water vapor and the other empty. The system is capable of detecting a brightness temperature difference as small as 0.2 K. The experimental results prove that the emission from water vapor is detected for the first time with water vapor at 18 mm Hg and room temperature. The observed brightness temperature difference is 0.41 K. A "sampling digital" integration technique (SDIT) is also used to detect the emission from water vapor. The experimental results agree with the results obtained with the analog lock-in amplifier. The main advantage of SDIT over the DTR is the flexibility on the integration time and the range. In both methods, cost-effective brass plates are used for the low-temperature backgrounds for the first time.
A model for liquid membrane extraction with instantaneous reaction in cascaded mixers

The Advancing Front Model for the description of extraction processes using liquid surfactant membranes has been invoked in the analysis and comparison of cascaded mixer systems with and without interstage settling. It is demonstrated that the extraction efficiency can be enhanced significantly if interstage settling is permitted.
Minimizing Error in the Determination of P50

The measurement of P 50 in whole blood, defined as the oxygen tension corresponding to 50% oxygen saturation, gives a quantitative measure of hemoglobin oxygen affinity. The determination of P 50 is useful for screening for hemoglobin variants in cases of unexplained anemia or erythrocytosis, both because it is easily performed and because many hemoglobin variants with abnormal oxygen affinity are “silent”, i.e., not detectable with conventional electrophoretic techniques (1). The determination of P 50 previously required obtaining several points on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. The procedure was seldom performed because of the labor and specialized apparatus required. However, it was suggested >25 years ago that P 50 could be accurately calculated from single measurements of oxygen tension ( P o2) and the corresponding oxygen saturation ( S o2) (2). Since then, an improved mathematical model of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (3) has been incorporated into a guideline for the so-called “single-point” determination of P 50 (4) that has been tested (5)(6) and subsequently approved by the IFCC. The single-point approach is based on the fact that a plot of log P o2 vs log[ S o2/(1 − S o2)], the so-called Hill plot, is linear over a fairly wide interval. Therefore, if one knows both the slope and one point on the line, any other point on the line can be determined. There have been different recommendations for the interval within which the single-point method is valid. Some studies have suggested that it can be used for oxygen saturations as low as 20% (5). The original IFCC guideline (4) specified saturations in the interval between 40% and 80%, and a subsequent IFCC document on definitions of quantities used in blood pH and gas analysis (7) extended the upper limit to 90% saturation. …
Adapting the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm for pattern matching in Huffman encoded texts

This paper presents a compressed pattern matching in Huffman encoded texts. A modified Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) algorithm is used in order to overcome the problem of false matches. This paper also proposes a bitwise KMP algorithm that can move one extra bit in the case of a mismatch, since the alphabet is binary. The KMP algorithm is combined with two Huffman decoding algorithms called sk-kmp and win-kmp to handle more than a single bit per machine operation. However, skeleton trees are used for efficient decoding of Huffman encoded texts.
Wr-1065, the active form of amifostine, protects hl-60 cells but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells from radiation and etoposide-induced apoptosis

Abstract Purpose Developing myeloid cells are particularly sensitive to chemotherapy and ionizing radiation. Mature cells of the hematopoietic lineages, such as are found in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), are much less sensitive for reasons that are not yet understood. Protecting the myeloid precursors from radiation or chemotherapy is an important goal. Methods We have used fluorescence microscopy to assess the ability of WR-1065, the active metabolite of amifostine (Ethyol), to protect cultured myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells or freshly isolated PBMCs from the induction of apoptosis by ionizing radiation or etoposide. Results WR-1065 greatly reduced the percentage of radiation-induced apoptosis in the p53 negative HL-60 cells 24 h after exposure to 8 Gy. WR-1065 also greatly reduced the percentage of HL-60 cells undergoing apoptosis 24 h after a 1-h exposure to 1 μM etoposide. The pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-fmk completely inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells when present for the first hour after exposure to radiation, but had no effect on cell survival. In contrast, neither WR-1065 nor ZVAD-fmk reduced the level of radiation-induced apoptosis in normal human PBMCs. Conclusion These results suggest that pro-apoptotic pathways are present in immature myeloid cells that can be selectively protected from radiation or chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.
Interleukin 1-induced production of nitric oxide inhibits benzenetriol-mediated oxidative injury in rat hepatocytes

Abstract Background & Aims: Nitric oxide modifies free radical-mediated cell processes in multiple in vivo and in vitro systems. The aim of this study was to determine the role of hepatocyte production of NO in oxidative injury. Methods: Rat hepatocytes in primary culture were incubated with 1,2,3-benzenetriol, a source of superoxide. Interleukin (IL) 1 was added to induce NO synthesis. Injury was determined by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Results: Benzenetriol-induced injury increased AST and MDA levels and decreased GSH levels in control and IL-1-treated cells. Inhibition of NO synthesis in IL-1-treated cells significantly increased AST and MDA production while enhancing GSH depletion. In the presence of superoxide dismutase or S -nitroso-albumin, an exogenous source of NO, injury was decreased or abolished. NO production was significantly increased with oxidative stress. In benzenetriol-induced injury in IL-1-stimulated hepatocytes, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction showed significantly increased levels of inducible NO synthase messenger RNA, whereas immunoblot analysis showed similarly increased levels of inducible NO synthase protein. Conclusions: In this rat hepatocyte model of IL-1/benzenetriol-mediated injury, NO, derived from endogenous synthesis or an exogenous donor, is protective. Oxidative stress may have a role in the transcriptional control of NO synthesis.
Onset of Snowmelt and Streamflow in 2004 in the Western United States: How Shading May Affect Spring Streamflow Timing in a Warmer World

Historic streamflow records show that the onset of snowfed streamflow in the western United States has shifted earlier over the past 50 yr, and March 2004 was one of the earliest onsets on record. Record high temperatures occurred throughout the western United States during the second week of March, and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauges throughout the area recorded early onsets of streamflow at this time. However, a set of nested subbasins in Yosemite National Park, California, told a more complicated story. In spite of high air temperatures, many streams draining high-elevation basins did not start flowing until later in the spring. Temperatures during early March 2004 were as high as temperatures in late March 2002, when streams at all of the monitored Yosemite basins began flowing at the same time. However, the March 2004 onset occurred before the spring equinox, when the sun was lower in the sky. Thus, shading and solar radiation differences played a much more important role in 2004, leading to differences in streamflow timing. These results suggest that as temperatures warm and spring melt shifts earlier in the season, topographic effects will play an even more important role than at present in determining snowmelt timing.
Envelope detection of orthogonal signals with phase noise

The authors analyze the performance of receivers that use envelope detection at an IF to detect optical signals with orthogonal modulation formats. Exact closed-form expressions for the error probability conditioned on the normalized envelope were obtained. The only information necessary for obtaining the unconditional error probability is a small set of tilted moments of the envelope. The authors then provide an approximation to this envelope which is not only accurate to the first order in phase noise strength, but also has the same range as the actual random envelope. This approximation was used to obtain the bit error performance of the three receiver models considered. A tight lower bound in closed form is given. The analysis is extended to the case of N-ary frequency-shift-keying (FSK) to provide very tight upper and lower bounds to the bit error probability. >
Simplified adjustable speed drive for residential applications

This paper describes an adjustable speed drive (ASD) for residential applications such as compressors and fans in heat pumps, air conditioners, and refrigerators. The ASD uses only a four-diode rectifier and a six-transistor six-diode inverter and does not require a source-frequency filter inductor or capacitor, Motor speed is adjusted with source-frequency phase control eliminating the switching loss and electromagnetic interference caused by the more-commonly used high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM). A full-load operating point with reasonable power factor and source-current distortion is found using a parametric analysis. >
Stimulation of Locomotion of Peripheral Blood Monocytes by Human Plasma Fibronectin

The motility of human peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in response to human plasma fibronectin was quantified by an in vitro assay using blind-well chemotaxis chambers. Purified fibronectin under nondenaturing conditions produced increased migration of granulocytes only at concentrations higher than 100 nm, and induced increased chemotactic and random locomotion of monocytes at concentrations higher than 0.1 nm. The monocyte migration-inducing activity of fibronectin was concentration dependent, and was strongly inhibited by low concentrations of colchicine (100 nm–100 μm). These findings suggest the possibility that plasma fibronectin serves as a chemotactic stimulus for monocytes in vivo and attracts these cells to sites of microscopic tissue injury where plasma fibronectin is deposited.
Velocity feedback control and the dynamic properties of robot manipulators

The available control schemes for robot manipulators apply indiscriminately to all types of manipulators irrespective of their intrinsic dynamic properties. Improved designs of robot manipulators ought to achieve desirable dynamic properties in order to lessen the control effort usually delegated to the joints' actuators. In principle, linear state, i.e. postion and velocity, feedback is capable of achieving position-to-position control. We show that only velocity feedback is needed to achieve position-to-position control. Moreover, the formulation emphasizes the effect of the parameters, i.e. the length, weight, etc. of the links, on the dynamic properties of the manipulator. Consequently, the formulation underlines the role these parameters play in defining the dynamic properties and thus the emphasis becomes that of design. The formulation is specified by the potential function corresponding to the closed loop velocity feed-back control system.
A redescription of Juraraneus rasnitsyni Eskov, 1984 (Araneae: Juraraneidae), from the Jurassic of Russia

Summary The holotype and only known specimen of Juraraneus rasnitsyni Eskov, 1984, the first spider to be described from Jurassic strata, is redescribed and re-illustrated using modern photographic techniques. Juraraneus is shown to be a cribellate araneoid, and thus forms part of the cribellate stem-group orbweavers which pre-dated the ecribellate araneoids found today.
Inter-Temporal Analysis and Optimization of Bank Portfolios

This paper is concerned with formulating, exploring and interpreting the uses and constructs which may be derived from a mathematical model of programming type which expresses more realistically than past efforts the actual conditions of current operations. It is an attempt to provide a means of attaining thereby an objective understanding of the implications of actual Federal Reserve liquidity policy on the actions and opportunities of banking institutions. The model presented corresponds to the problem of determining an optimal portfolio for an individual bank over several time periods in accordance with requirements laid down by bank examiners which are interpreted as defining limits within which the level of risk associated with the return on the portfolio is an acceptable one. The problem is transformed into an equivalent one offering advantages of analysis and of computation. Some methods of effective computation are explored.
Parsing Tables by Probabilistic Modeling of Perceptual Cues

In this paper, we propose a method for automatically parsing images of tables, focusing in particular on `simple' matrix-like tables with rectilinear layout. Such tables account for over 50\% of tables in business documents. The main novelty of the proposed method is that it combines intrinsic properties of table cells with properties of cell separators, as well as table rows, columns, and layout, in a single global objective function. This is in contrast to previous methods which focused on either separators alone or intrinsic cell properties alone. Our method uses a variety of perceptual cues, such as alignment and saliency, to characterize these properties. Candidate parses are evaluated by comparing their likelihoods, and the parse that optimizes the likelihood is selected. The proposed approach deals successfully with a wide variety of tables, as illustrated on a dataset of over 1,000 images.
Using Satellite Image Analysis for Locating Prehistoric Archaeological Sites in Alaska's Central Brooks Range

Abstract In this pilot study, we apply satellite image analysis to archaeological site prospection in Alaska's Brooks Range. Our goal was to test whether satellite remote sensing, which has been successful in locating large archaeological features associated with sedentary peoples, could be applied to arctic interior sites associated with mobile hunter–gatherers. In particular, we strove to develop a relatively straightforward and inexpensive model using existing data which could be used to help guide archaeology surveys. Using 1-m resolution IKONOS imagery of Lake Matcharak along the upper Noatak River, we produced a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and tasseled cap transformation of the study area and stacked these five vegetation indices into one image. We then applied unsupervised and supervised classifications to the image first, to test for the presence of a site-specific spectral class and second, determine the nature of that class. Through a visual analysis of the unsupervised classification, a spectral phenomenon was seen to co-occur with archaeological sites in the study area. The supervised classification provided a high-resolution land cover map used to identify the signature as the ecotone between un-vegetated sediments and dense willow ( Salix sp.) stands. Dense willow stands along the Lake Matcharak shore visually correlate with most of the known archaeological sites, possibly reflecting landform and/or vegetation characteristics that would have appealed to past inhabitants. The methods described here could contribute to building better survey strategies and archaeological predictive models for elsewhere in the Brooks Range and Alaska.
Viability of Long-Storaged Airborne Bacterial Aerosols

Radioactive tagged Escherichia coli cells were aerosolized from distilled water suspension and stored for 4 hr in a storage chamber where temperature and relative humidity were under control. It was found that increase of air temperature and or decrease of relative humidity increased the death rate. The death rate was proportional to the rate of water evaporation. The presence of chemical additives such as 0.85% sodium chloride solution, 0.20% glucose solution or nonradioactive growth medium all decreased the death rate. It is believed that the viability of airborne bacteria is affected by the presence of chemical additives due to their effect upon water evaporation. Bacterial aerosols from sewage treatment plants can survive a long time due to the presence of chemical additives. This should be considered as a potential hazard to public health.
Adult separation anxiety in treatment nonresponders with anxiety disorders: delineation of the syndrome and exploration of attachment-based psychotherapy and biomarkers

Clinically significant separation anxiety [SA] has been identified as being common among patients who do not respond to psychiatric interventions, regardless of intervention type (pharmacological or psychotherapeutic), across anxiety and mood disorders. An attachment formation and maintenance domain has been proposed as contributing to anxiety disorders. We therefore directly determined prevalence of SA in a population of adult treatment non-responders suffering from primary anxiety. In these separation anxious nonresponders, we pilot-tested an SA-focused, attachment-based psychotherapy for anxiety, Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy-eXtended Range [PFPP-XR], and assessed whether hypothesized biomarkers of attachment were engaged. We studied separation anxiety [SA] in 46 adults (ages 23-70 [mean 43.9 (14.9)]) with clinically significant anxiety symptoms (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [HARS]≥15), and reporting a history of past non-response to psychotherapy and/or medication treatments. Thirty-seven (80%) had clinically significant symptoms of separation anxiety (Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms [SCI-SAS] score≥8). Five of these subjects completed an open clinical trial of Panic Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy eXtended Range [PFPP-XR], a 21-24 session, 12-week manualized attachment-focused anxiolytic psychodynamic psychotherapy for anxiety. Patients improved on "adult threshold" SCI-SAS (current separation anxiety) (p=.016), HARS (p=0.002), and global severity, assessed by the Clinical Global Impression Scale (p=.0006), at treatment termination. Salivary oxytocin levels decreased 67% after treatment (p=.12). There was no significant change in high or low frequency HRV after treatment, but change in high frequency HRV inversely correlated with treatment change in oxytocin (p<.02), and change in low frequency HRV was positively associated with change in oxytocin (p<.02). SA is surprisingly prevalent among non-responders to standard anti-anxiety treatments, and it may represent a novel transdiagnostic target for treatment intervention in this population. Anxiety and global function improved in a small trial of a brief, manualized, attachment-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy, potentially supporting the clinical relevance of attachment dysfunction in this sample. The large decrease in oxytocin levels with treatment, although not statistically significant in this very small sample, suggests the need for further study of oxytocin as a putative biomarker or mediator of SA response. These pilot data generate testable hypotheses supporting an attachment domain underlying treatment-resistant anxiety, and new treatment strategies.
Herstellung, Analyse und röntgenographische Identifizierung der Dioxymonocarbonate des Lanthans und der Lanthanidenelemente

Von anderen Autoren angestellte thermische Zersetzungsanalysen der hydratisierten Oxalate, Carbonate und wasserfr. Carbonate der Lanthanide zeigten, das viele Lanthanidenelemente VerbindungenLn 2O2+x (CO3)1−x bilden. Fur die Verbindungen des La und des Pr ist der Wert vonx nahezu Null; bei den anderen Elementen nimmt er mit wachsender Ordnungszahl zu. In diesen Arbeiten wurden hydratisierte Oxalate und, im Falle des Lanthans, das hydratisierte Carbonat unter verschiedensten Bedingungen zersetzt. Die resultierenden Festkorper wurden durch chemische und rontgenographische Verfahren analysiert. Es wurden drei polymorphe kristalline Formen vonLn 2O2CO3 gefunden und charakterisiert. Der monokline TypIA tritt beiLn=La, Pr und Nd auf, der tetragonale TypI beiLn=La, Nd, Sm, Eu und Gd; der hexagonale TypII beiLn=La, Pr, Nd, Sm und Gd.
INHIBITION OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE BY FOLIC ACID AND SEVERAL OF ITS ANALOGS.

SummaryFolic acid as well as the anti-folates, aminopterin and amethopterin, arrested ethanol metabolism in homogenates of rat liver by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde metabolism was unaffected. In the rat, the conversion of ethanol-1-C14 to C14O2. was slowed by large amounts of folic acid while that of acetate-1-C14 was not. In dogs, folic acid decreased the rate of ethanol disappearance from the plasma. Thus, folic acid inhibited alcohol dehydrogenase in vivo. Purified horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was inhibited similarly by folic acid, aminopterin, amethopterin, and 4-dimethylamino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroylglutamic acid. For these compounds, inhibition started at 3.5 × 10-3 m and was completed at 2 × 10-4 m. Leucovorin did not inhibit the enzyme.
Analysis and Design Methodologies for Robust Aeroservoelastic Structures

Aeroservoelastic models provide a means for analyzing stability and performance, online monitoring of aerodynamic instabilities, as well as for designing active structural control systems. Of concern in the analysis and design of aeroservoelastic systems is reducing the conservatism with which stability and performance is guaranteed without significantly increasing the computational effort. Recent advances in control theory have lead to generalizations that allow system properties, specified in the frequency domain, to be analyzed via Linear Matrix Inequalities over specified finite frequency range. This paper presents robust analysis conditions which incorporate a particular class of frequency dependent multipliers that can be used to specify performance requirements. The robust analysis results are illustrated by an example that evaluates robust flutter margins for ASE systems.
Partisan Change and Consequences for Lobbying: Two-Party Government Comes to the Georgia Legislature

Critical to success for a lobbyist is access to political elites (Truman 1951; Milbrath 1963;Hansen 1991; Wright 1996; but see Browne 1985 for evi dence that regular access is not sought by some state lobbyists). A precondition for ef fective access is for the legislator to trust the lobbyist. Thus, the universal mantra of lobby ists is "never mislead a legislator" (Dexter 1969; Zeigler and Baer 1969; Rosenthal 1993). Development of trust takes time and repeated contacts. Access may be established through activities ranging from purely social interac tions to doing favors to sharing information (Dexter 1969; Schlozman andTierney 1986; Nownes and Freeman 1998b). Increasing de mands on members of Congress have reduced time for socializing, and ethics rules restrict opportunities for lobbyists to curry favor by
Evocation to the Dr. Carlos J. Finlay Barres on the centennial of his death

About the editorial of the Professor Guillermo Llanos: "Carlos J. Finlay: the forgotten Pasteur of America", a hundred years after his death and through a documental review, a summary of the life and work of this great man of science was conducted. Finlay was a notable figure of the American medicine, he conceived a new infection way able to explain the propagation of the yellow fever, and added the possibility of their scientific confirmation by an experimental method. For all the above-mentioned Finlay was recognized as the humanity's benefactor
Pressor Response to Acetaldehyde and Its Potentiation by Cocaine.

SummaryAcetaldehyde, given intravenously, has a pressor action resembling epinephrine. This action is peripheral. and resembles that of sympathetic stimulation in that it is markedly potentiated by cocaine. It is not due to liberation of epinephrine from the adrenal glands.
Analysis of the Necessity to Install Filter for Harmonic Current Over Standard Grid

The reasons of harmonic current generation and its harm and influence to electrical wiring devices were briefly expounded.Two provincial pavilions were randomly selected to be measured and compared the harmonic current data before and after installing filter.The necessity to install filter for harmonic current over standard grid was analyzed,hoping to minimize the threat to electrical fire protection caused by harmonic current.
Gas insulated metal enclosed transmission line(GIL) and its application

Transmission lines always pass through areas with complex geographical and meteorological conditions in China, and the corridor is more and more difficult to choose with the development of society and economy. Gas insulated metal enclosed transmission line (GIL) with the merit of bulk power transmission, flexible layout, low impact on or of environment, can be used in those situations which the ambient conditions such as pollution, ice accretion etc. are very serious or the corridor is limited. The advantages of the GIL, compared with overhead transmission line and conventional high voltage electric cable, were introduced and analyzed. Then the methods of dielectric design, on-site assembly of the modules, compensation of structure displacement and the monitoring method of insulated gas pressure and density were introduced. And the foreign GIL manufactures and their products applications were presented. With the matureness of technology on design, installation and gas-monitoring, GIL could be an effective solution for power transmission.
Isoproterenol-induced flow responses in mammary and vein bypass grafts.

To study the relative flow potentials of direct mammary grafts and aorta-coronary artery vein grafts, we measured regional myocardial perfusion (RMP) at rest and following isoproterenol infusion (4 to 8 mcg/min) in 53 patients at the time of postoperative coronary arteriography. After the injection of 12 mCi of xenon 133 into the coronary artery or graft, washout of the radioactive xenon from the distribution of the artery or graft was measured with a multicrystal scintillation camera. RMP (ml/100 gm/min) was calculated with the Kety formula. A response index was calculated (RI = [Δ RMP/Δ double product] × 103) to normalize the data. The patient groups consisted of seven normal subjects (Group 1); 21 patients with vein grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery (Group 2); 16 patients with internal mammary grafts to the left anterior descending (Group 3); and nine patients with internal mammary grafts to a marginal branch of the circumflex (Group 4). Mean values for resting RMP varied from 80 to 87 ml/100 gm/min. In the four groups of patients, RMP following isoproterenol infusion varied from 124 to 143 ml/100 gm/min. The calculated response index varied from 9.6 to 14.3. The response index in patients with normal wall motion was 12.2 and the response index in the 16 patients with abnormal wall motion was only 5.4. There were no significant differences between the response index of the direct mammary grafts (13) or vein grafts (12.4) to an occluded left anterior descending coronary artery in patients with normal wall motion as compared to the normal circulation (9.8). The data suggest that mammary grafts produce the same flow response to the increased demand of isoproterenol as do vein bypasses and the normal circulation, as long as the distal bed perfused is to normal muscle.
Excitation-contraction in rat myocardium: alterations with adult aging

Simultaneous transmembrane action potential (TAP) and isometric contraction measurements were made in thin right ventricular papillary muscles isolated from senescent (S, 24-26 mo) and young adult ...
A Roadmap for a Computational Theory of the Value of Information in Origin of Life Questions

Information plays a critical role in complex biological systems. Complex systems like immune systems and ant colonies co-ordinate heterogeneous components in a decentralized fashion. How do these distributed decentralized systems function? One key component is how these complex systems efficiently process information. These complex systems have an architecture for integrating and processing information coming in from various sources and points to the value of information in the functioning of different complex biological systems. This article proposes a role for information processing in questions around the origin of life and suggests how computational simulations may yield insights into questions related to the origin of life. Such a computational model of the origin of life would unify thermodynamics with information processing and we would gain an appreciation of why proteins and nucleotides evolved as the substrate of computation and information processing in living systems that we see on Earth. Answers to questions like these may give us insights into non-carbon based forms of life that we could search for outside Earth. We hypothesize that carbon-based life forms are only one amongst a continuum of life-like systems in the universe. Investigations into the role of computational substrates that allow information processing is important and could yield insights into: 1) novel non-carbon based computational substrates that may have "life-like" properties, and 2) how life may have actually originated from non-life on Earth. Life may exist as a continuum between non-life and life and we may have to revise our notion of life and how common it is in the universe. Looking at life or life-like phenomenon through the lens of information theory may yield a broader view of life.
The King without a Crown (1989–1992)

Kanemaru made a strategic choice in the summer and autumn of 1989, stepping back from the possibility of being Prime Minster, and choosing the inconsequential Toshiki Kaifu to serve as successor to Uno. Kanemaru publicly embraced the concept of an alternating two-party conservative system, accommodating big business (Keidanren or Japan Federation of Economic Organizations) desires. Kanemaru once again surprised the political world by orchestrating an LDP victory at the February 18, 1990 national election. Kanemaru forced Kaifu’s resignation and chose Kiichi Miyazawa as Prime Minister in November 1991. While campaigning in Ashikaga City on March 20, 1992, Kanemaru barely survived an assassination attempt. Kanemaru met with Bush and Quayle in Washington, DC in June, 1992, discussing the four northern islands and passage of the hotly contested PKO bill.
The New Pakistan: Doctrine of Bilateralism and the Nuclear Option

After the loss of East Pakistan to the Indian forces, Pakistan was not merely a defeated country; it was a thoroughly demoralized state, whose population for the first time lost faith in its military’s defensive capability. Pakistanis also lost a sense of national direction, and confidence in their allies. In this atmosphere of crisis of confidence, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto assumed Pakistan’s presidency on 20 December 1971, since his Pakistan Peoples’ Party (PPP) had won the majority of West Pakistan’s share of seats in the National Assembly. Pakistan was no longer a two-winged anomaly; it was now compact geographically and, despite ethnic diversity, peoples of the four provinces, Azad Kashmir, and the Northern Areas had more in common with each other than with 1000-miles away East Pakistan.
Sequential two-photon (730-800-nm) excitation of Nd 3+ :SrF 2

Sequential two-photon absorption has been recently observed when pumping Nd3+:YAG at ≈ 740 nm.1 In this work, Nd3+:SrF2 is excited with a pulsed (150-μs).
Isolation of Peptide Fragments of the Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Complex by HPLC

Abstract The domain structure of the complex multifunctional protein CAD was investigated by analytical peptide mapping of the intact protein and several of the isolated functional domains. Peptide maps were obtained by fractionating limit trypsin digests by high performance liquid chromatography on reverse phase columns eluted with a trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile gradient. The common peaks in this family of complex maps were identified by retention time, amino acid composition, absorbance at 214, 280 and 254 nm, tryptophan fluorescence, chemical modification of cysteine residues and by immunochemical reactivity.
Medical Image Description Using Multi-task-loss CNN

Automatic detection and classification of lesions in medical images remains one of the most important and challenging problems. In this paper, we present a new multi-task convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for detection and semantic description of lesions in diagnostic images. The proposed CNN-based architecture is trained to generate and rank rectangular regions of interests (ROI’s) surrounding suspicious areas. The highest score candidates are fed into the subsequent network layers. These layers are trained to generate semantic description of the remaining ROI’s.
Capacitor voltage ripple reduction with state trajectory analysis for modular multilevel converter

The modular multi-level converter (MMC) is the most prominent interface converter used between the HVDC grid and the HVAC grid. One of the important design challenges in MMC is to reduce the capacitor size. In the current practice, a rather large capacitor bank is required to store line-frequency related circulating energy, even though a number of control strategies have been introduced to reduce the capacitor voltage ripples. In the present paper, a novel control strategy is proposed by the means of harmonic injections in the conjunction with gain control to eliminate completely both the line frequency and the second-order harmonic of the capacitor voltage ripple. Ideally, the proposed method works with the full bridge topology. However, the concept also works with half bridge topology with significant reduction of line frequency related ripple. To gain a better understanding of nature of circulating energy and means of reducing it, the method of state plane analysis is employed to offer visual support. In addition, the design trade-off between full bridge MMC and half bridge MMC is presented and a novel control strategy for hybrid MMC is proposed. Finally, the work is supported with a scale down hardware demonstration.
Complete Genome Sequences of the Plant Pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum Type Strain K60 and R. solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2 Strain UW551.

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum is a globally distributed plant pathogen that causes bacterial wilt diseases of many crop hosts, threatening both sustenance farming and industrial agriculture. Here, we present closed genome sequences for the R. solanacearum type strain, K60, and the cool-tolerant potato brown rot strain R. solanacearum UW551, a highly regulated U.S. select agent pathogen.
Some Selected Aspects of the Immunopharmacology of Adrenoceptors

ABSTRACT Using radioligand binding techniques, some aspects of the immunopharmacology of pulmonary and lymphocytic adrenoceptors are described in relation to the nature of the constitutional basis of atopic allergy.
Pregnancy and Lyme disease

A literature review of individuals living with or contracting Lyme disease during pregnancy does not support an association with congenital anomalies or adverse pregnancy outcomes provided the patient receives adequate treatment. Currently, the treatment of Lyme disease in pregnant women should not differ from non-pregnant women except tetracyclines, such as doxycycline, are contraindicated and should not be prescribed.
Embracing problems, processes, and contact zones: Using youth participatory action research to challenge adultism:

In the United States, adultism creates dynamics in which youth are oppressed and their experiences dismissed. Youth participatory action research (YPAR), a research method and theoretical construct...
Measuring minority stress: invariance of a discrimination and vigilance scale across transgender and cisgender LGBQ individuals

The Minority Stress Model posits that experiences of proximal and distal stress increase gender and sexual minority risk for poor mental and physical health outcomes. Psychological researchers of m...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Bench to Bedside and Back

Since the time when bone marrow cells were first cultured in vitro, investigators were aware that, in addition to cells responsible for blood formation, a population of adherent spindle cell colonies would grow on the flat surface of the culture vessel. These so-called bone marrow fibroblasts could differentiate under certain conditions into chondrocytes, fat cells, and osteoblasts. Later investigators found that similar cells could be isolated from umbilical cord and dental pulp and can be differentiated from adipocytes. An important property for their application in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is that bone marrow-derived MSCs have immunosuppressive properties and inhibit T-lymphocyte proliferation. They also contribute to tissue repair and are of intense interest in the field of regenerative medicine. MSC as a form of cellular therapy was first explored in HCT recipients as the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and marrow failure. The initial studies confirmed the infusional safety of MSC given to HCT recipients and have paved the way for subsequent clinical research. Today, more than a decade later, the potential of MSC to improve outcomes after allogeneic and autologous HCT represents an ongoing area of active research, reviewed in this chapter.
51 Births to women with systemic lupus erythematosus can be identified accurately in the electronic health record

Background Studying births to women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is difficult given its rarity and the challenges of prospective cohort studies. While the electronic health record (EHR) is a powerful tool to capture coded diagnoses at a population level, accurately identifying SLE births is challenging. Our objective was to develop and externally validate algorithms for identifying births to SLE patients. Methods We used two EHR-based datasets: Vanderbilts Synthetic Derivative and Dukes Clarity. Potential cases had at least 1 SLE code (ICD-9: 710.0 or ICD-10:M32.1*, M32.8, M32.9) and at least 1 ICD-9 or ICD-10 code for pregnancy-related diagnoses. At Vanderbilt, 100 potential cases were randomly selected for chart review and each classified as a case if SLE was diagnosed by a rheumatologist, nephrologist, or dermatologist. Using this dataset, positive predictive values (PPVs) and sensitivity were calculated for combinations of counts of SLE ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes provided by any clinician and by a rheumatologist (rheumatology coded), antimalarial use, positive ANA, and checked lupus labs (dsDNA, C3 or C4). F-score measured the performance of each algorithm. At Duke, potential cases were compared with the Duke Autoimmunity in Pregnancy Registry; cases outside of this registry underwent chart review. Vanderbilt served as a training set; Duke served as validation. Results From Vanderbilts 2.8 million subject records, we identified 433 potential cases. Of the 100 cases randomly selected for chart review, 39 had confirmed SLE and a history of a birth. Of Dukes 659 potential cases, 545 were included in a validation set of which 208 had confirmed SLE. In the training set, algorithms with ICD-10 codes had higher PPVs than algorithms with ICD-9 codes (table 1). The algorithm with the highest F-score of 88% was 4 counts of ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes and checked lupus labs. Algorithms validated well in the Duke dataset. In the validation set, 1 ICD-9 or ICD-10 code (by a rheumatologist) performed best (F-score: 82%). Conclusions We have developed and validated algorithms to detect SLE patients with births in the EHR. The highest performing algorithms use SLE ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes and clinical parameters or ICD-10 codes alone. Algorithms using more SLE coded visits have greater PPVs at a cost to sensitivity. While the PPV and sensitivity nears 90%, EHR cohorts remain complementary to prospective cohorts. However, in the era of big data, developing methods to identify SLE births accurately is critical to examine adverse outcomes such as preterm births. Funding Source(s): None Research reported in this abstract was supported by NIH/NICHD 5K12HD043483-12 (Barnado), NIH/NIAMS 1 K08 AR072757-01 (Barnado), and NIH/NCATSNational 1UL1TR002553 (Duke). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.