cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineering therapeutic protein disaggregases

Therapeutic agents are urgently required to cure several common and fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein misfolding and aggregation, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Protein disaggregases that reverse protein misfolding and restore proteins to native structure, function, and localization could mitigate neurodegeneration by simultaneously reversing 1) any toxic gain of function of the misfolded form and 2) any loss of function due to misfolding. Potentiated variants of Hsp104, a hexameric AAA+ ATPase and protein disaggregase from yeast, have been engineered to robustly disaggregate misfolded proteins connected with ALS (e.g., TDP-43 and FUS) and PD (e.g., α-synuclein). However, Hsp104 has no metazoan homologue. Metazoa possess protein disaggregase systems distinct from Hsp104, including Hsp110, Hsp70, and Hsp40, as well as HtrA1, which might be harnessed to reverse deleterious protein misfolding. Nevertheless, vicissitudes of aging, environment, or genetics conspire to negate these disaggregase systems in neurodegenerative disease. Thus, engineering potentiated human protein disaggregases or isolating small-molecule enhancers of their activity could yield transformative therapeutics for ALS, PD, and AD.
Accurate measurement of high-speed package and interconnect parasitics

Various ideal structures such as small resistors, shorts, and transmission lines are used to verify the calibration of the measurement instrument at the probe tip. Typical measurements of package and interconnect performance are demonstrated, and sample measurements are made, including time domain reflectometry, propagation delay, isolation, and bypassing of power lines. Measurement results are shown. >
Adult Stem Cell Therapy and Heart Failure, 2000 to 2016: A Systematic Review.

Importance Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment strategy for patients with heart failure, which accounts for more than 10% of deaths in the United States annually. Despite more than a decade of research, further investigation is still needed to determine whether stem cell regenerative therapy is an effective treatment strategy and can be routinely implemented in clinical practice. Objective To describe the progress in cardiac stem cell regenerative therapy using adult stem cells and to highlight the merits and limitations of clinical trials performed to date. Evidence Review Information for this review was obtained through a search of PubMed and the Cochrane database for English-language studies published between January 1, 2000, and July 26, 2016. Twenty-nine randomized clinical trials and 7 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included in this review. Findings Although adult stem cells were once believed to have the ability to create new heart tissue, preclinical studies suggest that these cells release cardioprotective paracrine factors that activate endogenous pathways, leading to myocardial repair. Subsequent randomized clinical trials, most of which used autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells, have found only a modest benefit in patients receiving stem cell therapy. The lack of a significant benefit may result from variations in trial methods, discrepancies in reporting, and an overreliance on surrogate end points. Conclusions and Relevance Although stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease is not yet ready for routine clinical application, significant progress continues to be made. Physicians should be aware of the current status of this treatment so that they can better inform their patients who may be in search of alternative therapies.
From Price Waterhouse to Dukes and Beyond: Bridging the Gap between Law and Social Science by Improving the Admissibility Standard for Expert Testimony

t J.D., University of California, Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall), 2005. B.A., University of California, Los Angeles, 2002. Many thanks to Professor Linda Krieger and Aaron Kaufmann, Esq., Hinton, Aifert & Sumner, for their guidance and suggestions. Thanks also to Christine Wise and Kristine Shedd for their insights on non-legal aspects of the Comment, and to the BJELL editors, especially Sarah Laubach, Ann O'Leary, Brian Moskal, Bridget Smith, and Eli Naduris-Weissman, for their patience and hard work in revising the Comment.
Why Participate in Peer Review as a Journal Manuscript Reviewer: What’s in It for You?:

The peer review process for scientific journals relies on the efforts of volunteer reviewers. Reviewers are selected due to their expertise in their fields. With so many demands on professional time, the benefits of participating in peer review may not be obvious. However, reviewers benefit by exposure to the latest developments in their fields, facilitating their keeping up-to-date with the latest publications. Tenure committees look favorably on participation in peer review, and invitations to review underscore that the reviewer is a respected subject matter expert. Contacts made during the peer review process can lead to long-lasting collaboration. Continuing medical education credit can be obtained through various mechanisms. Overall, participating in peer review is an important part of career development and should be viewed as a critical component of advancement.
OP217: Management of pediatric desmoid tumors of the head and neck

Purpose Pediatric desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatosis) of the head and neck are extremely rare clinical entities. The literature available to guide the management of this uncommon neoplasm in children is scarce. The goal of this retrospective analysis of three cases of pediatric aggressive fibromatosis is to begin to outline a successful treatment algorithm for the management of pediatric aggressive fibromatosis and contribute to the literature regarding the occurrence and treatment of this pathologic entity. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review of three pediatric patients was conducted with meticulous analysis of initial presentations, aggressiveness of desmoid tumor, age, work-up, treatment rendered, any treatment complications, and treatment response with respective post-operative surveillance. The decision algorithms regarding non-surgical treatment modalities, extent of surgical resection, and choice of reconstructive strategies were reviewed and analyzed in detail. Results Two of the three patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and adjunctive therapies which failed to provide any treatment response. Their tumors continued to rapidly proliferate through neoadjuvant therapy. Each of the three patients received a wide radical excision with concomitant reconstruction which provided acceptable source control. The most efficacious treatment outcome was present with aggressive surgical intervention regardless of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or adjunctive therapies. Radiotherapy was not used in this pediatric population secondary to the dose-dependent side effect profile including mucositis, xerostomia, osteoradionecrosis, growth retardation of the craniofacial skeleton, and primary sarcoma and papillary thyroid cancer formation later in life. Conclusion Aggressive wide radical excision with appropriate osteomyocutaneous reconstruction of pediatric desmoid tumors of the head and neck should remain the primary treatment modality with likely minimal contribution of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjunctive therapies due to the specific aggressiveness of these tumors in early childhood. Additional adjunctive therapies can have potentially devastating side effects especially in young patients while their effectiveness cannot be demonstrated.
Brain metabolism in health, aging, and neurodegeneration

Brain cells normally respond adaptively to bioenergetic challenges resulting from ongoing activity in neuronal circuits, and from environmental energetic stressors such as food deprivation and physical exertion. At the cellular level, such adaptive responses include the “strengthening” of existing synapses, the formation of new synapses, and the production of new neurons from stem cells. At the molecular level, bioenergetic challenges result in the activation of transcription factors that induce the expression of proteins that bolster the resistance of neurons to the kinds of metabolic, oxidative, excitotoxic, and proteotoxic stresses involved in the pathogenesis of brain disorders including stroke, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Emerging findings suggest that lifestyles that include intermittent bioenergetic challenges, most notably exercise and dietary energy restriction, can increase the likelihood that the brain will function optimally and in the absence of disease throughout life. Here, we provide an overview of cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate brain energy metabolism, how such mechanisms are altered during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders, and the potential applications to brain health and disease of interventions that engage pathways involved in neuronal adaptations to metabolic stress.
Design, Validation, and Clinical Implementation of a Gap-Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for α-Thalassemia Genotyping Using Capillary Electrophoresis.

α-Thalassemia (α-thal) is genetically heterogeneous with most cases caused by variably sized deletions of the HBA1 and/or HBA2 loci. In this report, we describe the development, validation, and imp...
Geometry-Dependent Drying in Dead-End Nanochannels

Liquid drying in nanoporous media is a key process in food, textile, oil and energy industries, but the corresponding kinetics remains poorly understood due to the structural complexity of nanoporous media. Here, we directly observe the drying process and study drying kinetics in single two-dimensional (2-D) nanochannels with height ranging from 29 to 122 nm. Two different drying behaviors are discovered in such nanoconfinements: continuous meniscus receding and discontinuous meniscus receding due to liquid bridge formation ahead of the meniscus, albeit similar drying rates. The geometry dependence of the measured drying rates is studied at different humidities and compared with a theoretical model considering liquid corner flow, liquid thin film flow, and vapor diffusion as contributors to the overall drying rates. Individual contributions from vapor and liquid transport inside the nanochannels to the drying kinetics are decoupled, and the water vapor diffusivity is successfully extracted. Our results sh...
When Art Dies, Art Lives

Carolyn Dean's essay of 2006, ‘The Trouble with (the Term) Art’, offers a provocative set of challenges to the very notion of archaeological art. This essay attempts to refocus some of Dean's questions and to answer them by exploring different lines of evidence, especially through the development of the art museum in the twentieth century. Finally, the author explores whether the twenty-first century observer can gain insight into the meanings of some ancient materials by consideration of their destruction.
Effects of Photodynamic Therapy Using Verteporfin on Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization and Normal Retina and Choroid up to 7 Weeks after Treatment

PURPOSE. To study the long-term effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT), using liposomal benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) or Verteporfin, on experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and on normal retina and choroid (with no CNV) in the cynomolgus monkey eye. METHODS. Photodynamic therapy was performed in 8 cynomolgus monkey eyes with experimental CNV induced by laser injury. The effect of PDT on normal retina and choroid (with no CNV) was studied in 9 monkey eyes. Liposomal BPD was administered intravenously (0.375 mg/kg) either as a bolus, as a slow infusion over 32 minutes, or as a fast infusion over 10 minutes. Photodynamic therapy was performed using light at a wavelength of 689 or 692 nm, with an irradiance of 600 mW/cm 2 and fluence of 150 J/cm 2 . Follow-up studies, including fundus photography and FA, were performed at 24 hours after PDT and then weekly. Indocyanine green and BPD angiography were performed in selected cases. Tissues were examined with light and electron microscopy at the end of follow-up. RESULTS. Twenty-three of the 32 areas of CNV treated with PDT showed absence of angiographic leakage at 24 hours. Twenty-eight areas of CNV were followed for 4 weeks; 22 of 28 showed absence of angiographic leakage at 2 weeks; and 20 of 28 at 4 weeks of follow-up. Forty spots on the normal retina and choroid were treated with PDT and were followed for 4 to 7 weeks. These spots showed pigment-laden cells in the outer retina, variably pigmented retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the treated area, intact neurosensory retina, and reperfusion of the choriocapillaris. CONCLUSIONS. Photodynamic therapy leads to absence of angiographic leakage for at least 4 weeks in experimental CNV in the monkey model. In the normal monkey eye the RPE and choriocapillaris show generalized recovery with preservation of the neurosensory retina 7 weeks after PDT.
Design, Intervention Fidelity, and Behavioral Outcomes of a School-Based Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Cluster-Randomized Trial in Laos

Evidence of the impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in schools (WinS) interventions on pupil absence and health is mixed. Few WinS evaluations rigorously report on output and outcome measures that allow for comparisons of effectiveness between interventions to be made, or for an understanding of why programs succeed. The Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Health and Education in Laotian Primary Schools (WASH HELPS) study was a randomized controlled trial designed to measure the impact of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Laos WinS project on child health and education. We also measured the sustainability of intervention outputs and outcomes, and analyzed the effectiveness of group hygiene activities on behavior change and habit formation. Here, we present the design and intermediate results from this study. We found the WinS project improved the WASH environment in intervention schools; 87.8% of schools received the intervention per design. School-level adherence to outputs was lower; on average, schools met 61.4% of adherence-related criteria. The WinS project produced positive changes in pupils’ school WASH behaviors, specifically increasing toilet use and daily group handwashing. Daily group hygiene activities are effective strategies to improve school WASH behaviors, but a complementary strategy needs to be concurrently promoted for effective and sustained individual handwashing practice at critical times.
Searching Distributed and Heterogeneous Digital Media: The VisualHarness Approach

Current Web-based search engines do a reasonable job when dealing with primarily textual and in some cases semi-structured data. Web-based interfaces to traditional databases also allow us to exploit structured databases. However, there is little help when we wish to find relevant information in visual and so-called new digital media (with significant temporal and spatial components), which are being put on the Internet at an exponential rate. Today, usually a user needs to know the specific repository and use the specific access mechanisms and interfaces that have been provided by the repositories of such information. There is also little help when we wish to deal with a broad variety of heterogeneous media. What if we don’t know which type of digital media we need to target the query to? What if the response to the query is best satisfied by a collection of artifacts of different media? Thus one challenge in the current Internet environment is to have the ability to search and access information in various media, including visual media.
Study of a Parallel Electric Hybrid Three-Wheeled Motor Taxi

The three-wheeled motor taxi, often termed as “auto rickshaw” is very popular in India and serves as the most affordable means of transportation to the local people. Due to its small size, it is well suited for the narrow crowded streets in Indian cities. One of the main concerns of this vehicle has been its large emissions of green house gases and other toxic particulates, thereby causing severe air pollution. This paper presents a survey of relevant literature on the need for a lowcost Parallel Electric Hybrid Three-Wheeled Motor Taxi or Parallel Electric Hybrid Rickshaw (PEHR). Extensive simulation studies are carried out on a Bajaj RE auto rickshaw equipped with a two stroke engine on the modified Indian Driving Cycle by making it electric hybrid capable of managing its regenerative braking energy. The main focus has been the study of brake recovery energy and its management to increase the fuel economy delivered by the PEHR.
Alcohol, Altered Protein Homeostasis, and Cancer

Epidemiological studies provide convincing evidence that alcohol consumption is an etiological inducer of human cancers originated primarily in the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, colorectum and female breast, while association is suggested for cancers of the lung and pancreas. The underlying mechanism of alcohol induced tumorigenesis is incompletely understood, but plausible hypotheses suggest mechanisms that are intimately intertwined with alcohol metabolism including the genotoxic effect of acetaldehyde, increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, altered folate availability and increased estrogen secretion. Alcohol also induces the evolutionally highly conserved cellular stress pathways: the Heat Shock Response (HSR) in the cytoplasm and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum, which lead to massive up-regulation of Heat Shock Protein (HSP) expression in both subcellular compartments. HSPs are molecular chaperones that guard against illicit and promiscuous interaction between proteins and serve cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic roles to safeguard and restore normal protein homeostasis or proteostasis following proteotoxic insults (Fig. 8.1). Surprisingly, while HSPs and their master transcriptional regulator Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) increase fitness, subsistence and longevity under most circumstances, recent studies suggest that in cancer cells their augmented expression promote tumorigenesis and rapid somatic evolution under the hostile acidic, nutrient-limiting tumor environment and compromise survival. Elevated level of HSPs is vital to support many types of tumor growth, thus, inhibiting the chaperone function of HSP70 and HSP90 in cancer cells leads to apoptosis and tumor regression. Consequently, HSPs and HSF1 have become the target of rational anticancer drug design representing a new class of tumorigenesis regulators beside oncogenes and tumor suppressors that can be pharmacologically modulated for anticancer treatment. Hence, studying the role of HSF1 and HSPs in alcohol-induced carcinogenesis is critical to gain understanding to their contribution to the oncogenesis process and develop new strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Stochastic forcing of quasi-geostrophic eddies

The basic theoretical framework is presented for the study of the stochastic atmospheric forcing of barotropic quasi-geostrophic oceanic eddies. The governing equation is the linearized potential vorticity equation with a stationary stochastic forcing function representing random fluctuations in the atmospheric windstress curl. The frequency autospectrum of the response and the frequency cross-spectrum between forcing and response are spatial convolutions of the frequency spectrum of the forcing with the Green’s function of the potential vorticity equation. Coherence maps have been calculated for simple geometries (meridional channel or infinite ocean) and simple forcing spectra (Gaussian or white in wavenumber space). They reproduce basic features of observed coherence maps. The major open question is whether the more complex structure of the observed maps is due to the more complex structure of the forcing spectrum or due to the processes neglected in the potential vorticity equation.
Failure Testing Under In-Plane Biaxial Tension and Out-of-Plane Compression

The deformation and failure behavior of 2024 aluminum was investigated under combined in-plane equi-biaxial tension and out-of-plane compression. This loading configuration yields stress states of Lode parameter = −1 and triaxialities ranging from −0.67 to 0.17. Testing was performed using a variation of the standard ASTM quasi-static hemispherical punch test, with a reduced punch diameter and the addition of an annealed copper backing plate behind the specimen. The reported stress states at the failure point were then determined numerically using LS-DYNA.
A Socioecological Perspective Regarding Risk Factors for Driving Under the Influence of Marijuana Among Young Adults

Young adults are at high risk for using marijuana, driving under the influence (DUI) of marijuana, and fatalities or serious injuries from motor vehicle crashes related to DUI of marijuana. Within the context of increased legalization of marijuana use and shifting social norms, these public health concerns are particularly prominent. Drawing from a socioecological perspective, this commentary summarizes the literature indicating the importance of multilevel influences on DUI of marijuana among young adults. Indeed, prior research has indicated that risk for DUI of marijuana is associated with policy-level factors such as state and local policies related to marijuana, community-level factors including marijuana access (eg, legalized retail, black market), interpersonal influences including social norms, and intrapersonal factors such as risk perceptions of marijuana use and DUI. This literature should inform future research and practice aiming to develop, test, and implement multilevel interventions and develop messaging strategies aimed at curtailing DUI of marijuana.
Oxidative stress mediated myocardial lysophosphatidic acid signaling

The bioactive lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays a well-known role in atherosclerotic disease, whereas, its role in myocardial function remains virtually unexplored. Following acute myocardial infarction, serum LPA concentration rises by six-fold over control human subjects, suggesting LPA may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. LPA production involves hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine by the secreted enzyme autotaxin, whereas lipid phosphate phosphatase-3 (LPP3) catalyzes LPA dephosphorylation to generate lipid products that are not receptor active. We present the first evidence that cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury enhances myocardial autotaxin levels and decreases myocardial LPP3 expression, and this is associated with increased serum LPA levels. Upon reperfusion, reactive oxygen species production arises as a burst of superoxide from mitochondria following I/R injury. The redox-sensitive transcription factor NFAT has been shown to bind to the autotaxin promoter and induce its expression. Therefore, we looked at the autotaxin and LPP3 regulation in mice following I/R injury in the myocardium. After 1h ligation followed by 3h reperfusion in the myocardium, we observed a 3 fold increase in the autotaxin protein levels, whereas LPP3 protein levels were significantly downregulated as observed through Western blot analysis in these myocardial ischemic tissues. Autotaxin and miR-92a mRNA expression levels were significantly upregulated, whereas KLF2 and LPP3 mRNA expressions were significantly downregulated following I/R injury at 24 hours. Western blot analysis showed a 3 fold increase autotaxin protein levels and immunohistochemistry of human infarct tissues at 24 hours showed disruption of the sarcomere with decreased LPP3 staining. We found that I/R injury transactivates miR-92a, and inhibit KLF2, an upstream activator of LPP3. Taken together, our in vivo data, from the myocardial I/R injury and human infarct tissues, suggest that regulation of autotaxin and LPP3 activity might cause the rise in serum LPA levels as reported with acute myocardial infarct patients
Comparing self-reported and objective monitoring of physical activity in Parkinson disease.

Abstract Introduction Monitoring physical activity is important in Parkinson disease (PD), but patient recall may be unreliable. We examined relationships between self-reported activity, objective monitoring, and clinical characteristics. Methods Participants completed the self-reported Physical Activity Scale in the Elderly (PASE) to determine subjective minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); a subset wore an Actigraph monitor capturing step count and objective MVPA using a PD-specific algorithm. Relationships between subjective and objective measurements were determined using partial correlations controlling for age and disease stage. Results Sixty-six subjects completed subjective reporting; median age (interquartile range [IQR]) was 70 (69–74) years and median disease duration (IQR) was 4 (1.5–7.5) years. Age-adjusted median PASE was 135.3. Median daily step count was 3615 (IQR 1772–4870), which was moderately well-correlated with PASE (ρ = 0.56, p = 0.003). Median MVPA was 8.1 min/day (IQR 2.2–23.2), which was not correlated with PASE (ρ = -0.003, p = 0.98). Conclusions Physical activity in this cohort of Veterans with PD is low and consists mostly of low-intensity steps rather than MVPA. The symptomatic and disease-modifying potential of lower intensity activity is uncertain. These data emphasize the need for interventions to increase MVPA in PD and the importance of objective monitoring using wearable technology.
Investigation on Calibration Technology of Digital Electrical Power Meter

Electronic transformers in smart converting stations transmit date packet in the IEC61850-9-1/2 date frame. Digital electrical energy meters receive and process the date packet directly and get the quantity of the electricity. However, in the traditional converting station, electric transformers transmit the analog signals to the electrical energy meter, the signals in the meter are firstly converted to digital signals and then processed. Electronic transformers and digital electrical energy meters are completely different from the traditional device, as a result, one new method for the calibration of the digital electrical energy meters is necessary. The research proposes a new method for both traditional electrical energy meter and digital electrical energy meters, which support both no-load test and real load test method.
Socioeconomic Position and the Incidence, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

ObjectivesThe influence of socioeconomic disparities on adults with pneumonia is not well understood. The objective of our study was to evaluate the relationship between community-level socioeconom...
Designing one's life in medicine.

Design thinking is both a mindset and a practice; it is a method for problem solving that uses specific approaches, including empathy and prototyping, to discover creative solutions via an iterative, human-centred process. These methods were originally applied to the designing of goods and services, and it has been lauded for inspiring creativity that emerges from a genuine understanding of the needs of the end user. Design thinking is now taught in many fields, including business, information technology, engineering and education, to name a few. As detailed in the book Designing Your Life , authors Burnett and Evans have adapted the design thinking framework and applied it to an area they term ‘life design’.1 In the book, they describe design thinking principles that ultimately translate into an approach for crafting a well-designed life through the application of specific regular practices that may facilitate flourishing through proactive living. In explaining the rationale, they elucidate benefits of this approach well beyond having confidence related to where one is heading and expound on the perils of failing to thoughtfully chart a course forward. The authors began by teaching life design courses to undergraduate students at Stanford who fretted about their futures and how to build on their early successes. In their teachings and book, they define a well-designed life as ‘one in which who you are, what you believe, and what you do all line up together’.1 From preliminary studies, data suggest that students participating in life design were both better equipped to envisage their desired career and felt emboldened for the actual pursuit.1 While the potential utility of these life design tools and lessons for a pluripotent 20-year-old college student is easily imagined, what might be their practicality or benefit for those who are further differentiated? Burnett and Evans …
Silencing integrated SIV proviral DNA with TAR‐specific CRISPR tools

Background One approach for a functional HIV cure is to prevent transcription from integrated proviral DNA. A critical step in HIV transcription is the Tat protein interaction with the TAR element viral RNA. We tested the strategy of blocking this Tat-TAR interaction in the SIVmac model. Methods We designed five CRISPR short guiding RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting the SIVmac TAR element, along with inactive versions of Cas9 (dCas9). These sgRNA constructs were delivered as ribonucleoproteins or plasmid DNA, along with SIV DNA. The constructs were also tested in integrated viral DNA in a cell line chronically infected by SIV. Results The sgRNAs targeting the coding strand of the TAR element inhibited SIV RNA transcription in association with dCas9-KRAB, but not with dCas9. Conclusions Induction of epigenetic modifications may be more effective in inactivating provirus than transcriptional interference and thus may be a better strategy to achieve a functional cure in vivo.
Treatment of human cells with 5-aza-dC induces formation of PARP1-DNA covalent adducts at genomic regions targeted by DNMT1

The nucleoside analog 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) is used to treat some hematopoietic malignancies. The mechanism of cell killing depends upon DNMT1, but is otherwise not clearly defined. Here we show that PARP1 forms covalent DNA adducts in human lymphoblast or fibroblasts treated with 5-aza-dC. Some adducts recovered from 5-aza-dC-treated cells have undergone cleavage by apoptotic caspases 3/7. Mapping of PARP1-DNA adducts, by a new method, "Adduct-Seq", demonstrates adduct enrichment at CpG-dense genomic locations that are targets of maintenance methylation by DNMT1. Covalent protein-DNA adducts can arrest replication and induce apoptosis, and these results raise the possibility that induction of PARP1-DNA adducts may contribute to cell killing in response to treatment with 5-aza-dC.
Integrating Trauma-Informed Principles into Disaster Behavioral Health Targeting Older Adults

It is clearly recognized that older adults represent a highly vulnerable group prior to, during, and post-disaster. Age-related vulnerabilities often lead into an increased risk for traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress symptoms after a disaster. This chapter explores how disaster behavioral health can integrate trauma-informed principles as a strategy to reduce the vulnerability of older adults. A growing recognition of trauma as a public health issue suggests the need to consider its role as we examine how trauma impacts the older adult prior to, during, and after a disaster. In the first section, an overview of disaster behavioral health is provided, which includes a discussion of risk and vulnerabilities among older adults exposed to a disaster. Because prior trauma(s) can contribute to current vulnerabilities, a trauma-informed approach to disaster behavioral health is a critical consideration. Stratifying risk by identifying relevant vulnerability factors and developing a vulnerability profile may improve disaster-related outcomes for older adults. Developing age-sensitive training programs for first responders and disaster behavioral health personnel that build upon trauma-informed strategies is an important direction for further work to improve planning and emergency management of disasters.
“It Shaped Who I Am”: Reframing Identities for Justice Through Student Activism

On May 6, 1993, students of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona [CPP]) protested what they believed was a lack of diversity on campus. Over 25 years later, this qualitative study explores the identity development of undergraduate students who led that movement, which resulted in the founding of five cultural centers at CPP in 1995. In doing so, this study adds to the growing literature on activism and Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x identity development. Today, student-led movements shine light on continued inequities in higher education. The reframing identities for justice (RIJ) identity development model serves as a lens to explore how six students’ historical narratives offer a unique glimpse into the impact of activism on their identity development. We found participants’ identity development was influenced by (a) experiencing meaningful interactions along their developmental journeys, (b) making sense of oppression and privilege, (c) discovering praxis between previous learning and activism at CPP, and (d) building coalitions and kinship. Findings show that students act for social justice before they explore multiple identities. We conclude that activism impacts student identity development and offer recommendations for how to enhance this development to student activists, faculty, and administrators.
Management of Residual Stenosis after Thrombolysis

The management of patients with effort thrombosis often begins with thrombolysis. Following lysis, residual lesions can be treated with angioplasty to prevent re-occlusion prior to decompression; pre-operative stenting of the axillosubclavian vein is not recommended. Patients with positional venous compression and/or axillosubclavian venous lesions should undergo venous thoracic outlet decompression within 6 weeks. At the time of decompression, intrapoperative venography and IVUS, in patients with symptomatic venous hypertension, can help guide intraoperative decision making about open versus endoluminal reconstruction. Following surgery, patients with symptoms of venous hypertension should undergo repeat imaging with venography, CTV or MRV. In symptomatic patients with residual venous compression, they should undergo a redo decompression procedure. In symptomatic patients with a residual venous lesion, patients can benefit from venous angioplasty, venous reconstruction or selective venous stenting.
Pkn1: Pkn1 (Myxococcus xanthus)

Pkn1 is a protein serine/threonine kinase of the eukaryotic-like protein kinase family, the first to be reported in a prokaryote. Genetic evidence suggests that it is involved in the maintenance of the stability of fruiting bodies. In addition to Pkn1, more than 20 putative protein kinase genes were identified by Southern blot hybridization using the oligonucleotide corresponding to subdomain VII of the eukaryotic protein kinases. DNA sequences of 8 have been determined, and the deduced amino acid sequences show that all of them contain catalytic domains with significant similarities to eukaryotic protein kinases. With regard to the domain structure, the N-terminal region shows a significant similarity with the catalytic domain of eukaryotic serine/threonine PKs.
The Algebraic Framework for Object-Oriented Systems

Category Theory is introduced as the mathematical model for object-oriented systems which are distributed, heterogeneous, real-time, embedded, and open-ended. Each object can be represented as an algebra. A collection of algebras with morphisms form a category if they satisfy some conditions. After a brief introduction of categorical concepts which are needed to formulate the framework for object-oriented systems, they are explicated in terms of objects. Then some system design methodologies such as SADT, JSD, MASCOT 3, OOD, HOOD, MOON, ADM 3, and Petri nets are examined in the categorical framework and classified into four groups: functional, process-based, object-oriented, and net-based. Combining theoretical and practical results, the interactive system design tool OBJ-NET is briefly introduced.
Making Ends Meet After Prison

Former prisoners are at high risk of economic insecurity due to the challenges they face in finding employment and to the difficulties of securing and maintaining public assistance while incarcerated. This study examines the processes through which former prisoners attain economic security, examining how they meet basic material needs and achieve upward mobility over time. It draws on unique qualitative data from in-depth, unstructured interviews with a sample of former prisoners followed over a two to three year period to assess how subjects draw upon a combination of employment, social supports, and public benefits to make ends meet. Findings reveal considerable struggle among our subjects to meet even minimal needs for shelter and food, although economic security and stability could be attained when employment or public benefits were coupled with familial social support. Sustained economic security was rarely achieved absent either strong social support or access to long-term public benefits. However, a select few were able to leverage material support and social networks into trajectories of upward mobility and economic independence. Policy implications are discussed.
Specific protein binding to a conserved region of the ornithine decarboxylase mRNA 5'-untranslated region.

An RNA gel retardation assay was used to identify one or more cellular protein(s) (ornithine decarboxylase mRNA 5'-UTR binding protein (ODCBP)) that bind specifically to a conserved region of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of rat ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA. Ultraviolet light cross-linking demonstrated that this protein has an apparent Mr = 58,000 in mammalian cells. Treatment with the oxidizing agent diamide prevented binding of the ODCBP to ODC mRNA; addition of beta-mercaptoethanol reversed this inhibition and permitted mRNA.ODCBP complex formation. Cytoplasmic extracts from a variety of animal cells and tissues demonstrated similar binding activities; however, there was marked tissue-specific expression of the protein in the rat, with brain, heart, lung, and testis containing large amounts, and kidney, spleen, and skeletal muscle expressing negligible amounts. Binding was completely prevented by several mutations within a highly conserved heptanucleotide region (CCAU/ACUC) that was within 61 bases of the initiation codon in ODC mRNAs from mammals, Xenopus, and Caenorhabditis elegans; mutations 5' and 3' of the conserved heptanucleotide domain had no effect on binding activity. Binding was not affected by manipulation of cellular polyamine levels or by treatment of cells with agents that stimulate ODC biosynthesis. Thus, we have identified a widely distributed cellular protein that binds to a conserved domain within the 5'-UTR of ODC mRNA from many animal species; functional consequences of this binding remain to be determined.
Endurance and scaling trends of novel access-devices for multi-layer crosspoint-memory based on mixed-ionic-electronic-conduction (MIEC) materials

We demonstrate compact integrated arrays of BEOL-friendly novel access devices (AD) based on Cu-containing MIEC materials [1–3]. In addition to the high current densities and large ON/OFF ratios needed for Phase Change Memory (PCM), scaled-down ADs also exhibit larger voltage margin V m , ultra-low leakage (&#60;10pA), and much higher endurance (>108) at high current densities. Using CMP, all-good 5×10 AD arrays with V m > 1.1V are demonstrated in a simplified CMOS-compatible diode-in-via (DIV) process.
Cross-Validation of Regression Equations to Predict Performance in a Pursuit Tracking Task

A double, cross-validation procedure was used to validate regression equations which predict training time to learn a two-dimensional pursuit tracking task. Motor skill and information processing tasks were used as predictors. The results yielded a reliable regression equation for each training condition, and these equations were quite similar in cross-validation. Subsequently, a regression equation based on pooled data from the original and cross-validation sample was calculated for each training condition. To establish the usefulness of a regression approach for selecting training strategies, these equations will be used in a future study where students will be matched, mismatched, and randomly assigned to various training alternatives. Language: en
Comparison of drive amplifier for piezoelectric actuators

The power requirements imposed on the amplifier by piezoelectric actuators in both open and closed loop vibration suppression control systems is discussed. We consider a two-degree-of-freedom mechanical system driven by a piezoelectric stack for the purpose of analyzing power flow and power dissipation. A state space model for this system that includes the electrical input and output variables of the piezoelectric actuator is developed. The power requirements of the open loop system are measured and compared to simulations performed with the state-space model. Results show that the simulations correlate well with the measured data. We then investigate the power requirements for two closed-loop vibration suppression control schemes. We show that the closed-loop power flow and power dissipation is a function of the type of feedback control law implemented. In our simulations, a feedback controller that introduces significant damping (approximately 70% critical) increases the frequency range in which real power is flowing between the actuator and the mechanical system. A controller that introduces only light damping is primarily reactive over the frequency range studied but exhibits a narrowband region of real power flow. Linear amplifier analysis demonstrates that the closed-loop control system must be considered in determining the power dissipation requirements for the control system.
Role of renal Na+,K(+)-ATPase in the regulation of sodium excretion under normal conditions and in acute congestive heart failure.

BACKGROUND Cardiac glycosides have traditionally been used as inotropic agents in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). The renal actions of cardiac glycosides independent of inotropic effects are not characterized. The presence of endogenous digitalis-like factors (EDLFs) with characteristic Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity has been postulated in volume-expanded states such as CHF, and recent studies have demonstrated that at least one EDLF shares structural homology with ouabain. This study was undertaken to evaluate the renal actions of ouabain in normal dogs and those with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS After surgical preparation, normal dogs (n = 6) and dogs in pacing-induced CHF (n = 6) received intrarenal ouabain in sequential doses of 0.167 micrograms/kg/min, 0.334 micrograms/kg/min, and 0.668 micrograms/kg/min. Hemodynamics and renal function were evaluated during the infusion. There was no change in heart rate or mean arterial pressure during the infusion compared with baseline in both groups. Sodium excretion and urine volume significantly increased in both groups. Plasma renin activity, activated by the onset of pacing in the CHF group, was inhibited by the administration of intrarenal ouabain in this group only. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that ouabain has diuretic and natriuretic actions independent of cardiac hemodynamics that are preserved in CHF. Furthermore, intrarenal ouabain suppresses activation of renin in CHF.
Source apportionment of indoor air pollution

Abstract An understanding of the relative contributions from important pollutant sources to human exposures is necessary for the design and implementation of effective control strategies. In the past, societal efforts to control air pollution have focused almost exclusively on the outdoor (ambient) environment. As a result, substantial amounts of time and money have been spent to limit airborne discharges from mobile and stationary sources. Yet it is now recognized that exposures to elevated pollutant concentrations often occur as a result of indoor, rather than outdoor, emissions. While the major indoor sources have been identified, their relative impacts on indoor air quality have not been well defined. Application of existing source apportionment models to nonindustrial indoor environments is only just beginning. It is possible that these models might be used to distinguish between indoor and outdoor emissions, as well as to distinguish among indoor sources themselves. However, before the feasibility and suitability of source-apportionment methods for indoor applications can be assessed adequately, it is necessary to take account of model assumptions and associated data requirements. This paper examines the issue of indoor source apportionment and reviews the need for emission characterization studies to support such source-apportionment efforts.
Interaction of toluene, hexadecane, and water with the surfaces of random copolymers of styrene and butadiene

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study the interaction of toluene, hexadecane, and water with the surfaces of thin films of a random copolymer of styrene and butadiene (SB) and a random copolymer of styrene, butadiene, and acrylonitrile (SBA). Qualitatively different behavior is seen with the three small molecules. The two hydrocarbons remain on the thin films of the copolymers, but water has little affinity for the surface. Toluene has a stronger tendency to penetrate into the film than does hexadecane, which remains at the surface of the thin film. The attractive interaction of the hydrocarbons with the surfaces is dominated by van der Waals interactions. The energy of the interaction of toluene with SB is slightly smaller than the heat of vaporization of toluene at the temperature of the simulation. When expressed on a weight basis, the interaction of toluene with SB is larger than the interaction of hexadecane with the same surface. Hexadecane interacts slightly more strongly with SB than with SBA.
Photoinitiated polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate with cotton cellulose

Unsensitized, photoinitiated polymerization reactions of glycidyl methacrylate from solutions of water and water–methanol with cotton cellulose fabrics were investigated. When several layers of cotton fabrics were immersed in solutions of glycidyl methacrylate and only the surface layer was exposed to light, polymerization reactions were initiated in this layer and also initiated in inner layers of fabrics, probably by chain transfer reactions. Photoinitiated (350 nm, 24 W, 34 min) polymerizations of glycidyl methacrylate (7.5 vol-%) from water (43 vol-%)–methanol (57 vol-%) with cotton fabrics in one-, three-, and six-layered configurations were: one-layered, 32% polymer; three-layered, 30%, 27%, and 25% polymer; and six-layered, 29%, 25%, 22%, 20%, 14%, and 11% polymer. Electron-microscopic examination of the distribution of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) within the cotton fibrous structure showed that polymer was distributed throughout the cross section of the fiber. At the surface of the fibers, the polymer tended to be more concentrated than within the cross section of the fibers and to encapsulate them. Photoinitiated polymerization reactivities of several vinyl monomers from solution with cotton cellulose fabrics were compared with those of glycidyl methacrylate as follows: methyl methacrylate > glycidyl methacrylate > diacetone acrylamide > 1,3-butylene dimethacrylate > methacrylic acid > acrylonitrile > divinylbenzene.