cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Children's selective use of peer informants: criteria for making information-seeking decisions

Abstract Children from preschool, first-grade, and fourth-grade classrooms (N = 60) were randomly assigned to two different instructional conditions to assess (a) their recognition of the significance of knowledge versus physical (age or gender) criteria for making information-seeking decisions and (b) their reliance on these criteria in actual need-for-information situations. The results suggest that older children are more likely than younger children to recognize the salience of a peer's knowledge for making information-seeking decisions. Depending on the context, however, even young children may be able to view a peer's knowledge of a particular task as a dimension that takes precedence over such competing cues as gender or age. Age differences in children's tendencies to recognize and apply these criteria are also discussed.
Preterm Birth and Its Long-Term Effects: Methylation to Mechanisms

The epigenetic patterns established during development may influence gene expression over a lifetime and increase susceptibility to chronic disease. Being born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) is associated with increased risk mortality and morbidity from birth until adulthood. This brief review explores the potential role of DNA methylation in preterm birth (PTB) and its possible long-term consequences and provides an overview of the physiological processes central to PTB and recent DNA methylation studies of PTB.
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of diltiazem and its metabolite in plasma

A rapid, selective and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis in plasma of the calcium channel blocking agent, diltiazem, and one of its metabolites, deacetyldiltiazem is described. The method involves extraction with the methyl tert.-butyl ether of the drugs and the internal standard (verapamil), back-extraction into sulphuric acid and reversed-phase chromatography with UV detection. Over a concentration range of 10-1000 ng/ml the average coefficient of variation for diltiazem was 5.4% and for deacetyldiltiazem was 8.3%.
Temporal frequency response characteristic of motion channels measured with three different psychophysical techniques

The temporal frequency response characteristic of motion-sensitive channels in human vision was studied with three different psychophysical techniques: (a) measurements of threshold flicker sensitivity to drifting sinusoidal gratings; (b) measurements of the amount of contrast possessed by one sinusoidal component of a composite adapting stimulus when it just hulled the motion aftereffect produced by a second reference component drifting in the opposite direction; and (c) measurements of velocity difference thresholds. The threshold flicker measurements la) and null contrast measurements (b) corresponded exactly throughout the entire range of temporal frequencies studied as long as the velocity of the reference component in the null contrast method was not too fast. The correspondence means that the two types of measurements very likely have a common substrate comprised of directionally selective channels. The correspondence is also interesting in that one set of measurements (a) was obtained at threshold levels, whereas the second set of measurements (b) was obtained at suprathreshold levels. At high temporal frequencies, the function describing velocity dilierence thresholds departs from that which describes the other two types of measurements, suggesting that velocity discriminations at high temporal frequencies depend upon different cues or motion channels.
The education of Hindu priests in the diaspora: Assessing the value of community of practice theory

Abstract The utility and limitations of Lave and Wenger's social theory of learning can be evaluated through specific case studies which enhance our understanding of how education proceeds in diverse contexts. Here I provide an ethnographic case study of the training of Caribbean-born Hindu pandits ( priests ) living and working in Queens, New York. Sanatanist pandits have many responsibilities such as performing rituals, interpreting astrological charts and scripture, managing the day to day affairs of temples and counseling people. In order to explicate the process by which people are moved into the social roles of “pandit-in-training” and “pandit,” I shift between interviewees’ words, vignettes of their actions and my interpretation of communities of practice and its relevance for mapping the education of Hindu pandits.
Novel cellulose-binding-domain protein in Phytophthora is cell wall localized

Cellulose binding domains (CBD) in the carbohydrate binding module family 1 (CBM1) are structurally conserved regions generally linked to catalytic regions of cellulolytic enzymes. While widespread amongst saprophytic fungi that subsist on plant cell wall polysaccharides, they are absent amongst most plant pathogenic fungal cellulases. A genome wide survey for CBM1 was performed on the highly destructive plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans, a fungal-like Stramenopile, to determine if it harbored cellulolytic enzymes with CBM1. Only five genes were found to encode CBM1, and none were associated with catalytic domains. Surveys of other genomes indicated that the CBM1-containing proteins, lacking other domains, represent a unique group of proteins largely confined to the Stramenopiles. Immunolocalization of one of these proteins, CBD1, indicated that it is embedded in the hyphal cell wall. Proteins with CBM1 domains can have plant host elicitor activity, but tests with Agrobacterium-mediated in planta expression and synthetic peptide infiltration failed to identify plant hypersensitive elicitation with CBD1. A structural basis for differential elicitor activity is proposed.
Developing treatment for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is unique among the polyglutamine diseases in that the toxicity of the mutant protein, the androgen receptor, is ligand-dependent. In cell culture and animal models the mutant androgen receptor causes protein aggregation and alterations in transcriptional regulation, axonal transport, and mitochondrial function. Various therapeutic approaches have shown efficacy in mouse models, including androgen reduction and agents that alter the processing and degradation of the mutant androgen receptor protein, such as HSP90 inhibitors, IGF-1, and ASC-J9. Clinical trials of androgen-reducing agents have shown indications of efficacy but not proof of clinically meaningful benefit to date. This trial experience has set the stage for future clinical studies of other agents that have been found to be beneficial in transgenic animal models.
Ontogeny of the adrenal response to (+)-methamphetamine in neonatal rats : The effect of prior drug exposure

We examined the ontogeny of the corticosterone response to (+)-methamphetamine in neonatal rats. In experiment-1, animals were injected with 10 mg/kg of (+)-methamphetamine or saline and plasma corticosterone levels were examined in separate groups 30 or 105 min later on postnatal day (P) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, or 19. The adrenal response to methamphetamine was best described by a U-shaped function with the nadir of corticosterone release occurring between P7 and P13. Experiment-2 was similar except that the effect of four consecutive days of exposure to (+)-methamphetamine (four times daily at 2 h intervals with 10 mg/kg) was assessed with a single final dose early on the fifth day (i.e. P1–5, 3–7, 5–9, 7–11, 9–13, 11–15, 13–17, 15–19). The 30 min corticosterone response after multiple methamphetamine doses was augmented compared to single exposures, with the exception of the two earliest dosing intervals ending on P5 and P7, where the responses were lower. In addition, at 105 min, the levels of ...
Feeding preference of the rice stink bug on annual grasses and sedges

Adults of the rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), preferred panicles of vasey grass, Paspalum urvillei Steud., over those of 11 species of other grasses and one species of sedge (Cyperus) associated with cultivated rice, Oryza sativa (L.). The number of feeding adults increased approximately 2 times from 1 h post-infestation (PI) to 6 h PI. The number of feeding females was greater than males at 1 h PI but no different at 6 h PI. Both sexes fed significantly (P < 0.05) more on O. sativa panicles than on P. urvillei panicles at 6 h PI. Both sexes also fed significantly (P < 0.05) more on 28 and 21 cm long O. sativa panicles than on 7 cm long panicles, but no such differences existed in feeding among P. urvillei panicles. RESUME Preferences alimentaires d'Oebalus pugnax sur graminees annuelles et cyperacees Les adultes d'Oebalus pugnax F. ont prefere les panicules de Paspalum urvillei Stend a celles de 11 autres Graminees et 1 Cyperacee associees au riz cultive, Oryza sativa L. Le nombre d'adultes s'alimentant a cru environ 2 fois de la lere (1P1) a la 6eme (6P1) heure ayant suivi l'infestation. Le nombre de femelles s'alimentant etait superieur a celui des mâles 1 heure apres (1P1), mais ne presentait pas de difference 6 h apres l'infestation (6P1). Les 2 sexes s'alimentaient significativement plus (P < 0,05) sur les panicules d'O. sativa que sur celles de P. urvillei 6 heures apres l'infestation (6P1). Les 2 sexes se sont alimentes significativement plus (P < 0,05) sur des panicules d'O. sativa de 28 et 21 cm que sur ceux de 7 cm, mais aucune difference n'etait observee dans l'alimentation sur les panicules de P. urvillei.
Relative intensity factors for K, L and M shell x‐ray lines

Accurate values for x-ray relative intensity factors, which are the fraction of intensity measured, are important for quantitative calculation procedures used in scanning transmission electron microscope thin film x-ray microanalysis. We have developed equations for calculating these parameters for the K, L and M shells and have applied them to a thin film quantitative analysis procedure. The K shell values were obtained from experimental and theoretical data in the literature and show a constant region between atomic numbers 20 and 30. To obtain L shell values measurements were made with an electron probe and an energy dispersive system on a 200 kV scanning transmission electron microscope. These data were combined with values calculated from Coster-Kronig and fluorescence yield data in the literature. The result was two curves with a step at atom number 51 and a significantly different magnitude than values used in other thin film methods. The following equations for use in a computer program were developed from these curves; aLα1.2(Z=27−50)=1.617−0.0398Z+3.766 × 10−4Z2; aLα1,2(Z=51−92)=0.609−1.619 × 10−3Z−0.03248 sin [0.161(Z−51)].
Peroxidase-like Activity of Alloxan and Aldehyde:

SummaryAlloxan, aldehydes, and hydrogen peroxide together appear to form an oxidizing substance more reactive than any one or two of these reagents alone. This peculiarity results in a peroxidaselike oxidizing system and a specific test for aldehydes.
The FMCAD Graduate Student Forum

FMCAD 2013 featured an event new to the FMCAD conference series, the Graduate Student Forum, held on Monday October 21, following the joint MEMOCODE/FMCAD Tutorial Day. The intention of the Forum was to specifically attract students to the conference, by providing them with a platform for introducing their research to the wider Formal Methods community, and obtain feedback on it. Submissions were solicited in the form of short reports describing research ideas, or ongoing work in the scope of the FMCAD conference that the student is currently pursuing.
Evaluation of fourBrassica germplasm collections for fatty acid composition

A total of 1116 accessions of cultivatedBrassica spp. from four collections were evaluated for fatty acid composition to identify variants which would be useful in plant improvement programs. The accessions included lines ofB. campestris L.,B. napus L.,B. oleracea L. andB. carinata Braun obtained from the USDA collections at Ames, IA, Pullman, WA, and Geneva, NY, as well as the Centre for Genetic Resources-the Netherlands (CGN) at Wageningen, Netherlands. Fatty acid composition of each accession was determined by using gas chromatography. The range, mean, standard deviation and frequency distributions were calculated for the seven primary fatty acids found in the accessions from each collection.
Suitability of immobilized metal affinity chromatography for protein purification from canola.

This work demonstrates that proper selection of a metal ion and chelating ligand enables recovery of a his6-tagged protein from canola (Brassica napus) ex- tracts by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). When using Co 2+ with iminodiacetate (IDA) as the chelating ligand, b-glucuronidase-his6 (GUSH6) can be purified from canola protein extract with almost ho- mogeneous purity in a single chromatographic step. The discrimination with which metal ions bound native canola proteins followed the order Cu 2+ <N i 2+ <Z n 2+ < Co 2+ in regard to elimination of proteins coeluted with the fusion protein. IDA- and nitrilotriacetate (NTA)- immobilized metal ions showed different binding pat- terns, whose cause is attributed to a more rigid binding orientation of the his6 in forming a tridentate with Me 2+ - IDA than in forming a bidentate with Me 2+ -NTA. The more flexible binding allows for multisite interactions over the protein. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 68: 52-58, 2000.
The Magnetic Moment of the Proton

The magnetic moment of the proton was measured by the method of the magnetic deflection of molecular beams employing ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and HD. The result is ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{P}=2.46{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3$ percent.
Genetics of Responses to Drugs of Abuse

Genetic differences in drug metabolism, in the number of drug receptors in the brain, and in drug-seeking behavior may contribute to the variability of individual responses to drugs of abuse. Genetic models include inbred strains, mutants, sublines, and selectively bred mice and rats. They have been used to examine acute and chronic effects of narcotics, stimulants, and alcohol as well as drug-seeking behavior, withdrawal syndromes, and the stress-induced release of endogenous opioids. These genetic models should prove helpful in defining individual differences in susceptibility to addiction.
Women's issues, women's place: Gender‐related problems in presidential campaigns

This essay is a feminist rhetorical analysis of recurring gender‐related problems in presidential campaigns, focusing particularly on the 1992 campaign. I examine 39 speeches from the Democratic and Republican National Conventions (1972–1992) for discussion of women's issues, women's roles, and men's roles, and conclude that the anti‐feminist “backlash”; of the 1980s has taken a serious toll on public attention to women's issues. When politicians spoke of women's concerns, they largely ignored actual issues, and instead focused their attention on women's roles in society. Men's roles were also a central focus, as each presidential candidate sought to convince the voting public to cast him as the Leading Man.
Variation in prolyl hydroxylase activity of keloid-derived and normal human fibroblasts in response to hydrocortisone and ascorbic acid.

Abstract The effects of ascorbic acid and hydrocortisone on activity of prolyl hydroxylase in fibroblasts from keloid and normal human dermis were investigated and compared to the effects of these agents on collagen synthesis. Prolyl hydroxylase activity in normal fibroblasts grown to confluency in 1.5 μM hydrocortisone was approximately half that of cells grown without the steroid. The concentration of hydrocortisone effective in reducing enzyme activity was the same as that for reducing the rate of collagen synthesis; a half-maximal effect on both parameters was achieved at 10 -7 M. Hydrocortisone lowered enzyme activity through most of the culture cycle. Fibroblasts derived from keloids were significantly less subject to hydrocortisone-mediated reduction of prolyl hydroxylase activity and rate of collagen synthesis. This difference between keloid and normal cells was dependent on the simultaneous presence of ascorbic acid and hydrocortisone. These data suggest that the defect in wound healing that results in keloid formation is associated with a change in a regulatory mechanism that controls the rate of collagen synthesis and is sensitive to physiological levels of hydrocortisone. Continuous culture of fibroblasts in medium supplemented with ascorbic acid also lowered prolyl hydroxylase activity. Unlike the effect of hydrocortisone, growth in ascorbate increased the rate of collagen synthesis and affected keloid and normal strains equally.
Oxidationsschutz von molybdän durch eine MoSi2/SnAl-Schutzschicht

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Herstellung und der Aufbau einer neuartigen Schutzschicht beschrieben, die aus einem porosen MoSi2-Skelett besteht, das mit einer tiefschmelzenden SnAl-Legierung impragniert ist. Die bei Oxidationstemperaturen flussige SnAl-Phase bildet einen schutzenden Al2O3-Film und erteilt aufgrund ihrer Beweglichkeit der Schicht Selbstheilungseigenschaften bei Auftreten von Rissen. Die Lebensdauer von uberzogenen unlegierten Molybdan- und Mo-TZM-Proben wurde in statischen und zyklischen Oxidationsversuchen gepruft. Die mit SnAl kombinierte MoSi2-Schutzschicht zeichnet sich durch erhohte Sicherheit gegen zufalliges Versagen nach kurzer Oxidationszeit infolge ortlicher Fehler aus. Fur den Verlust der Schutzwirkung im Laufe der Oxidation sind strukturelle Veranderungen innerhalb der Schicht verantwortlich.
Teaching Taekwondo Through Mosston's Spectrum of Styles

(2009). Teaching Taekwondo Through Mosston's Spectrum of Styles. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 32-43.
Children's ideas for the design of AAC assistive technologies for young children with complex communication needs.

This study examined children's preferences and priorities for the design of assistive technologies to enhance communication for children with complex communication needs. Six children without disabilities were provided with drawing and craft materials and were asked to develop low-tech prototypes of inventions to support the communication of a young child who had significant speech and motor impairments. The design process and the inventions were analyzed using qualitative methods. Results showed that the children's inventions differed significantly from the designs of current AAC technologies. Their inventions were not simply speech prostheses; rather, they integrated multiple functions (e.g., communication, social interaction, companionship, play, artistic expression, telecommunications) and provided dynamic contexts to support social interactions with others, especially peers. The children characterized the systems as companions and utilized innovative names, bright colors, lights, transformable shapes...
Rituximab in follicular lymphoma: the first chapter of the new era?

SUMMARY Follicular lymphoma is the most common indolent B-cell lymphoma. Although there is no current standard of care adopted for all patients, clinical outcomes for patients with follicular lymphoma have significantly improved over the past few decades, which can be largely attributed to the incorporation of immunotherapy. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody to the CD20 antigen, has been widely adopted in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas, resulting from improvements in remission duration and overall survival. We provide an evidence-based discussion of the clinical success and incorporation of immunotherapy, rituximab in the treatment of follicular lymphoma, the prototypical indolent B-cell lymphoma. This shift in the treatment paradigm has opened the door to novel, nonchemotherapy approaches in the treatment of patients with indolent B-cell lymphoma.
STAFF PERCEPTIONS OF WORK ENVIRONMENT IN A STATE PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL

The relationship between staff perceptions of work environment and patient/staff ratios was studied at a state psychiatric hospital. Staff in three separate admission units indicated their perceptions by completing the Work Environment Scale. Significant differences in subscale scores were found among the units and correlated with staff/patient ratios. Hypothesized explanations for these findings are presented along with responses made, subsequent to the study, by the hospital.
Shell thickness dependent photoinduced hole transfer in hybrid conjugated polymer/quantum dot nanocomposites: from ensemble to single hybrid level.

Photoinduced hole transfer is investigated in inorganic/organic hybrid nanocomposites of colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and a cationic conjugated polymer, poly(9,9′-bis(6-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumhexyl)fluorene-alt-phenylene, in solution and in solid thin film, and down to the single hybrid level and is assessed to be a dynamic quenching process. We demonstrate control of hole transfer rate in these quantum dot/conjugated polymer hybrids by using a series of core/shell quantum dots with varying shell thickness, for which a clear exponential dependency of the hole transfer rate vs shell thickness is observed, for both solution and thin-film situations. Furthermore, we observe an increase of hole-transfer rate from solution to film and correlate this with changes in quantum dot/polymer interfacial morphology affecting the hole transfer rate, namely, the donor–acceptor distance. Single particle spectroscopy experiments reveal fluctuating dynamics of hole transfer at the single conjugated polymer/quantum dot i...
High-Resolution Film Cooling Effectiveness Comparison of Axial and Compound Angle Holes on the Suction Side of a Turbine Vane

Film cooling adiabatic effectiveness for axial and compound angle holes on the suction side of a simulated turbine vane was investigated to determine the relative performance of these configurations. The effect of the surface curvature was also evaluated by comparing to previous curvature studies and flat plate film cooling results. Experiments were conducted for varying coolant density ratio, mainstream turbulence levels, and hole spacing. Results from these measurements showed that for mild curvature, 2r/d ≈ 160, flat plate results are sufficient to predict the cooling effectiveness. Furthermore, the compound angle injection improves adiabatic effectiveness for higher blowing ratios, similar to previous studies using flat plate facilities.© 2006 ASME
Five years later: A survey of state textbook reform

A survey was conducted to follow up the activities of a national project to improve the quality of textbooks available in American schools. The survey found that reform efforts have affected textbook policy in the adoption states throughout the country; nonadoption states, for the most part, have not addressed problems with textbooks. Changes in the adoption states are more incremental than dramatic; more diverse than focused; more in keeping with state cultures than national in character. Certain trends, however, indicate that policy makers continue to believe that their actions can improve the textbooks used in their schools. There is evidence that the adoption processes are increasingly focused on qualitive judgments about books being made by better-prepared and better-supported selectors. In addition, the adoption processes themselves are becoming less constraining on local district decision making through a variety of mechanisms.
The significance of effective modulus theory (homogenization) in composite laminate mechanics

In this work, we consider the issues regarding the homogenization of fiber-reinforced layers in a laminate in the presence of macroscopic (ply-level) stress gradients. This is accomplished by considering a series of (free edge) boundary value problems similar to those treated by Pagano and Rybicki in 1974. Despite our inability to provide such a homogenization theory, if one truly exists, we can devise approaches to predict the fiber/matrix interfacial stresses in an arbitrary cell by applying certain displacements and/or tractions on the cell boundaries. These boundary conditions are those derived by representing each layer in the laminate by conventional effective modulus theory. It is shown that these approximations can lead to reasonably accurate interfacial stresses and offer great promise as a means of solving practical laminate problems reinforced by fibers of moderate diameter.
THERMODYNAMICALLY EQUIVALENT HAMILTONIAN FOR SOME MANY-BODY PROBLEMS

A method which allows a rigorous treatment of the statistical mechanics of a superconductor (Bardeen-CooperSchrieffer model) was generalized so as to be applicable to a wider class of many-fermion or many-boson systems. As an illustration. a degenerate boson gas was studied, adopting the "pair Hamiltonian" of Girardeau aud Arnowitt. Their finding, for this model, that there is a "gap" in the energy spectrum of the lowest excitations was confirmed. (auth)
Discontinuation of prolonged infusions of dexmedetomidine in critically ill children with heart disease

To describe changes in hemodynamic variables, sedation, and pain score after discontinuation of prolonged infusions of dexmedetomidine in a pediatric population of critically ill cardiac patients. Retrospective case series of patients who received continuous infusions of dexmedetomidine for longer than 3 days in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit from 2008 to 2010. Sixty-two patients, age 5.2 months (range 0.3 months–17 years) and weight 5.1 kg (range 2.2–84 kg), were included. Thirty-nine patients (63%) were younger than 1 year of age. Median duration of dexmedetomidine infusion was 5.8 days (range 4–26 days) and median infusion dose was 0.71 μg/kg/h (range 0.2–2.1 μg/kg/h). Median weaning time and dose at discontinuation were 43 h (range 0–189 h) and 0.2 μg/kg/h (range 0.1–1.3 μg/kg/h). Tachycardia, transient hypertension and agitation were observed in 27, 35 and 27% of patients. Episodes of tachycardia were more frequent in children older than 1 year of age (61 vs. 8%, p < 0.001), patients who received dexmedetomidine for 4 days when compared to those who received 5 days or longer (48 vs. 17%, p = 0.011), and patients whose infusion was discontinued abruptly (42 vs. 14%, p = 0.045). Tachyarrhythmias were seen in nine patients (15%) after discontinuation of the dexmedetomidine infusion. Adequate sedation and analgesia scores at the moment of infusion discontinuation were seen in 90 and 88% of patients, respectively. Our study suggests that tachycardia, transient hypertension, and agitation are frequently observed in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit patients after discontinuing prolonged dexmedetomidine infusions.
Rapid context-dependent ligand desolvation in molecular docking.

In structure-based screens for new ligands, a molecular docking algorithm must rapidly score many molecules in multiple configurations, accounting for both the ligand’s interactions with receptor and its competing interactions with solvent. Here we explore a context-dependent ligand desolvation scoring term for molecular docking. We relate the Generalized-Born effective Born radii for every ligand atom to a fractional desolvation and then use this fraction to scale an atom-by-atom decomposition of the full transfer free energy. The fractional desolvation is precomputed on a scoring grid by numerically integrating over the volume of receptor proximal to a ligand atom, weighted by distance. To test this method’s performance, we dock ligands versus property-matched decoys over 40 DUD targets. Context-dependent desolvation better enriches ligands compared to both the raw full transfer free energy penalty and compared to ignoring desolvation altogether, though the improvement is modest. More compellingly, the ...
Issues regarding the social psychology and structural consequence of sexual harassment

Perception of interactional cues across gender and the consequent impact on degrees of perceived sexual harassment are examined within an evolving American organizational/institutional context. The socialization process is seen to differentiate perspectives influencing contrasting masculine and feminine perceptual parameters increasing the probability of misperception of interactional cues (to include potentially offensive/harassing behavior) across gender. The effects of allegations of sexual harassment transcend the interpersonal interactions/working relationships within the specific encounters in question facilitated by the redefinition of collective personality structures contributing to the directed redistribution of structural/organizational power.
Dynamic phosphorylation of HP1α regulates mitotic progression in human cells

Heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α), a key player in the establishment and maintenance of higher-order chromatin regulates key cellular processes, including metaphase chromatid cohesion and centromere organization. However, how HP1α controls these processes is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that post-translational modifications of HP1α dictate its mitotic functions. HP1α is constitutively phosphorylated within its amino terminus, whereas phosphorylation within the hinge domain occurs preferentially at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The hinge-phosphorylated form of HP1α specifically localizes to kinetochores during early mitosis and this phosphorylation mediated by NDR1 kinase is required for mitotic progression and for Sgo1 binding to mitotic centromeres. Cells lacking NDR kinase show loss of mitosis-specific phosphorylation of HP1α leading to prometaphase arrest. Our results reveal that NDR kinase catalyses the hinge-specific phosphorylation of human HP1α during G2/M in vivo and this orchestrates accurate chromosome alignment and mitotic progression.
Reflectivity of sputtered aluminum alloy films

Determination de l'influence de la pression de pulverisation, du courant de pulverisation et de la microstructure de la couche sur la reflectivite de divers alliages d'aluminium
Note: The irregularity strength of K m,m is 4 for odd m

Abstract G. Chartrand et al. showed in [1] that for odd m , m ⩾3, the edges of K m , m can be labeled with 1,2,3,4 in such a way that the (weighted) degrees of the vertices are all different. They conjectured that no such labeling exists with labels 1,2,3. In this note we prove this conjecture.
Emergency medical care: types, trends, and factors related to nonurgent visits.

Objectives: To describe and compare national trends in ED use by statistical analyses on data from the 1992 to 1996 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) with a special interest in factors related to nonurgent visits. Methods: The NHAMCS collects data for ED visits using a four-stage national probability sample. Data from 135,723 ED visits in 1992-1996 were analyzed using the chi-square test for proportions with logistic regression modeling for multivariate analysis. Results: More than half of the ED visits were considered nonurgent. There was a decreasing trend for nonurgent ED visits over the first three years of the sample (54.0% to 52.1%, p < 0.05). The proportion of ED visits for nonurgent care bounced back in 1995 (54.7%) and 1996 (54.1%). Significant variation existed in the proportion of nonurgent care visit based on disease category, age, race, and insurance coverage status. Marked variation in nonurgent visits also existed among geographic regions and types of hospital ownership. Conclusions: Analyses of data from the NHAMCS identify trends in ED use. The study of nonurgent ED visits with this database has inherent methodologic problems such as retrospective coding and geographic coding inconsistency. Since the nonurgent visit is clearly linked to certain social-demographic factors, addressing these underlying issues by establishing a comprehensive health care system is a priority.
A host-rotaxane derivatized with carboxylic acids efficiently delivers a highly cationic fluoresceinated peptide

A cleft-[2]rotaxane (CR2+2-) was derivatized with carboxylic acids to enhance the intracellular delivery of a highly cationic or anionic pentapeptide. CR2+2- delivers the fluorescein (Fl) tagged peptide Fl-KKALR to a greater amount than Fl-QEAVD, and at a higher concentration, a greater amount than Fl-AVWAL. The level of delivery is largely temperature and ATP independent, suggesting that the Fl-peptide.CR2+2- complexes pass through the cellular membrane without requiring active cell-mediated processes. This study shows that selective delivery of peptides is possible by using a suitably derivatized host-rotaxane as the transporter.
Anisotropy of Electroactive Strain in Highly Stretched Polypyrrole Actuators

Oriented conducting polymer actuators are produced via stretching electrodeposited polypyrrole films to high elongations. An anisotropic electroactive strain response (e⊥/e∥ = 38) is observed due t...
Research on periodontal disease, 1963–1965

Detailed investigations of the structural and chemical nature of the normal periodontium are cited—similar studies of diseased tissues are only in the beginning stage. Available evidence speaks against autoimmunity as a factor in periodontal disease in man but favors other immunologic mechanisms.
Direct estimation of carotid artery wall shear strain parameters using autocorrelation of high frame rate ultrasound images

The analytic nature of pulse-echo ultrasound allows for displacement tracking with fine axial resolution and strain estimations in tissue (elastography). The use of differential operators in strain calculations, however, can result in noise amplification and loss of specificity. In this paper a new method for direct estimation of Carotid artery wall strain parameters is presented. This method directly estimates the normal (e xx , e zz ) and shear strains (e xz , e zx ) on the anterior and posterior walls of human common carotid artery. This method utilizes the properties of local autocorrelation and the relationship between autocorrelation and power spectral density of the analytic RF echo signals. It is also shown that normal and shear strains can be estimated as parameters of an affine transformation. The steps of this new algorithm are based on properties of 2D autocorrelation function of the speckle region undergoing deformation. In vivo results from Carotid arteries of healthy human subjects show consistency over heart cycles.
Perceptions of Dating Violence Following a Sexual or Nonsexual Betrayal of Trust: Effects of Gender, Sexism, Acceptance of Rape Myths, and Vengeance Motivation

College women’s (N = 220) and men’s (N = 208) perceptions of violence following a betrayal by a romantic partner were studied in an independent groups design that varied gender of the participant, type of betrayal (sexual or nonsexual), and gender of the betrayed individual. Participants read one of four brief vignettes in which the betrayed person slapped his/her partner and made his/her lip bleed. Justification of this action was rated on 10 items. Factor analysis of these items indicated the presence of three factors for men and four for women. Both men and women indicated that hitting the partner, getting even, and being angry were more justifiable following a sexual betrayal. The hitting of a male partner by a betrayed woman was perceived as more justified than the hitting of a female partner by a betrayed man. In absolute terms, hitting and getting even by both women and men were generally viewed as unjustifiable, whereas being angry was viewed as justifiable. For both women and men, scores on the Vengeance Scale (Stuckless & Goranson, 1992) and Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (Lonsway & Fitzgerald, 1995) were related to getting even. For men, the Hostile Sexism Scale (Glick & Fiske, 2001) was related to getting even or being angry and breaking up. Results indicated that perceptions of reactions to betrayal are related to type of betrayal and to the dispositional characteristics of the perceiver.
Supply and demand of doctorates in economics

Little is known about the changes in supply and demand for economists. American universities and colleges report the awarding of 12,513 doctoral degrees in economics between 1969 and 1984, with the number randomly varying by over 500 per year. New job listings give an indication that market demand for economists between 1975 and 1984 led the supply and was far more volatile than the number of doctoral degrees awarded. Although the graduate economic specialties over the last 16 years have been relatively stable and the specialties ranked by employers have remained relatively constant, they show no comparative agreement. Graduate students may not be choosing fields of specialization that reflect the market, and institutions may not be responding to market changes.
Spin-down to rest in a cylindrical cavity

The nature of the flow during impulsive spin-down to rest in a cylindrical cavity is studied experimentally. Flow visualization using reflective flakes and laser-Doppler velocimetry are the tools of this investigation. The velocimeter is configured to measure simultaneously the azimuthal velocity component at two arbitrarily separated locations within the cylinder. The Ekman number is about 10 −5 and the flow is unstable. The mean angular velocity decreases non-uniformly and monotonically. The velocity fluctuation amplitudes and frequencies decrease steadily. A novel data analysis is used to study the velocity fluctuations, which are neither stationary nor uniform. The assumptions of this analysis are the validity of Taylor's hypothesis of frozen-eddy transport and the ergodicity of the process following that rescaling. The fluctuations are equally dominant during all phases of the spin-down process when scaled with the current mean velocity. The root-mean-squared intensity measurements in the core (r/R r −1 dependence while a uniform value is observed in the buffer region (0.4 r/R k. The flow in the latter phases tends to a single vortex.
Understanding the Identities of Mixed-Race College Students Through a Developmental Ecology Lens

Using an ecology model of human development (Bronfenbrenner, 1979, 1993), I frame the exploration of racial identities of 38 college students with multiple racial heritages. I map the influence of interactions within and between specific environments on students' decisions to identify in one or more of five patterns of mixed race identity found in a previous study.
A join-the-shortest-queue prefetching protocol for VBR video on demand

We present a high-performance prefetching protocol for the delivery of prerecorded VBR video from a server across a packet-switched network to a large number of clients. Not only does the protocol give constant perceptual quality and almost 100% link utilization, but it also allows for immediate commencement of the video upon user request and near instantaneous response to pause/resume and temporal jumps. The protocol requires: (1) that each client have a small amount of memory dedicated to the application; (2) that there is one bottleneck shared link between the server and the clients. Our protocol is based on the observation that there are frequent periods of time during which the shared link's bandwidth is under utilized. During these periods the server can prefetch frames from any of the ongoing videos and can send the frames to the buffers in the appropriate clients. The server chooses prefetched frames according to a join-the-shortest-queue policy. We present simulation results of our prefetch policy that are based on MPEG encoded traces.
Transfer free register allocation in cyclic data flow graphs

Discusses an algorithm for the optimal register allocation problem in cyclic data flow graphs. Cyclic data flow graphs result from high level behavioral descriptions that contain loops. Algorithms published up till now did not consider cyclic data flow graphs specifically. When these algorithms are applied to data flow graphs with loops, unnecessary register transfer operations may be introduced. In the paper a new algorithm is presented that performs a minimal register allocation eliminating all superfluous register transfer operations. Experiments on a benchmark set have shown that in all cases all superfluous register transfers could be eliminated at no increase in register cost. >
Synthesis of UP-DOWN Counters

IN this paper we will describe an algorithm for the decomposition of UP-DOWN counters. The constituents of the decomposed counters will be UP-DOWN counters of small modulus and small amounts of combinatorial logic. The main advantage accruing from this decomposition technique is that only a small number of building blocks is required to build counters with any modulus. We will begin the discussion by developing analysis techniques for particular interconnections of UP-DOWN counters. Following this, a general technique for the synthesis of an UP-DOWN counter with any modulus will be given. Only binary and ternary UP-DOWN counters and a small amount of combinatorial logic will be required.
Exploring primary brain tumor patient and caregiver needs and preferences in brief educational and support opportunities

A primary brain tumor patient and caregiver survey was completed to investigate interest in brief support opportunities, focused on education, memory training, and healthy coping, during a routine clinical visit and at 3-month follow-up. Patients with primary brain tumors receiving care in the Radiation Oncology Department at Mayo Clinic Rochester and their caregivers were recruited to complete the survey between June 2008 and September 2009. Both patients and their caregivers expressed greatest interest in education about brain tumors and cognitive effects of treatment. Interest in support opportunities targeting education, memory training, or healthy coping was low to modest. Bimodal distributions were found for almost all the support opportunities, revealing subgroups of patients and caregivers with high interest in such sessions. Overall, ratings of interest did not differ over time. Patients with primary brain tumors and their caregivers expressed most interest in education about their disease and potential cognitive effects of treatment. It appears that subgroups of patients and caregivers have very high interest in brief support opportunities. Identifying these subgroups of patients and families will allow targeted interventions focused on their needs and make the best use of limited resources.
Stability Bounds for Non-i.i.d. Processes

The notion of algorithmic stability has been used effectively in the past to derive tight generalization bounds. A key advantage of these bounds is that they are designed for specific learning algorithms, exploiting their particular properties. But, as in much of learning theory, existing stability analyses and bounds apply only in the scenario where the samples are independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.). In many machine learning applications, however, this assumption does not hold. The observations received by the learning algorithm often have some inherent temporal dependence, which is clear in system diagnosis or time series prediction problems. This paper studies the scenario where the observations are drawn from a stationary mixing sequence, which implies a dependence between observations that weaken over time. It proves novel stability-based generalization bounds that hold even with this more general setting. These bounds strictly generalize the bounds given in the i.i.d. case. It also illustrates their application in the case of several general classes of learning algorithms, including Support Vector Regression and Kernel Ridge Regression.
A cellular mechanism for impaired posthypoxic relaxation in isolated cardiac myocytes : altered myofilament relaxation kinetics at reoxygenation

Single, isolated rat ventricular myocytes were made hypoxic for 10 minutes and then reoxygenated. During hypoxia, there was a marked abbreviation of the mechanical twitch, without a decrease in its amplitude. Immediately after reoxygenation, both the time to peak shortening and the duration of relaxation were markedly prolonged, and they remained prolonged for 10-50 minutes. The alterations in contraction and relaxation were not associated with any change in the time course of either the transmembrane action potential or the cytosolic calcium transient, as recorded with the fluorescent probe indo 1. Intracellular pH, measured with a fluorescent probe (carboxyseminaphthorhodofluor), showed an acid shift during hypoxia and an alkaline rebound immediately after reoxygenation. The time courses of intracellular pH and contraction duration were not parallel during hypoxia or reoxygenation, and simulation of the alkaline pH shift by lowering PCO2 or superfusing NH4Cl (in the absence of exposure to hypoxia) did not quantitatively reproduce the prolongation of relaxation seen after reoxygenation. The prolongation of contraction after reoxygenation could be overridden by the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or the nonenzymatic phosphatase butanedione monoxime. We conclude that delayed relaxation after reoxygenation exists at the single cell level and is due to an alteration of the properties of the myofilaments. Intracellular pH is not the primary mediator of this alteration. We speculate that alteration of intracellular inorganic phosphate or covalent modification of the myofilaments might be involved.
A Model Food Entrepreneur Assistance and Education Program: The Northeast Center for Food Entrepreneurship

The Northeast Center for Food Entrepreneurship (NECFE) is a collaborative effort between Cornell Univ. and the Univ. of Vermont. NECFE uses a multi-institutional and regional collaboration approach, with specific expertise and necessary facilities and resources, to provide technical assis- tance and education for businesses in the food industry. The overall goals of NECFE are to support and sustain rural businesses and promote sustainable economic devel- opment of rural communities. Through pro- cess evaluation techniques, the evaluators of NECFE identified 5 essential components of a model food entrepreneurship assis- tance and education center, based on NECFE's experience: (1) multi-institutional and regional collaboration, (2) expertise, (3) facilities and resources, (4) services, and (5) evaluation of the center. These components build on each other and enable NECFE to provide clients with access to cur- rent food processing technology, technical information, and education that are directly applicable to a real business. Through repli- cation of this model, other organizations and academic institutions may establish a regional food entrepreneurship assistance and education center.
Caenorhabditis elegans CED-4 stimulates CED-3 processing and CED-3-induced

Abstract Background: Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a key feature of normal development, tissue homeostasis and disease progression in metazoans. Genetic studies in the nematode C. elegans have identified three key genes involved in apoptosis, ced-3, ced-4 and ced-9 . Expression of ced-3 and ced-4 is required for the induction of cell death, whereas expression of ced-9 is necessary to inhibit cell death. The precise mechanism by which these genes influence the life or death decision of a cell is not known. In this study, we have expressed the genes in an insect cell line to explore their role in the apoptotic pathway. Results: Co-expression of ced-4 with ced-3 in insect cells stimulated both the induction and the level of CED-3-mediated apoptosis. Stimulation of CED-3-dependent apoptosis by CED-4 was accompanied by accelerated processing of CED-3, which was dependent on the presence of a wild-type CED-3 prodomain and a conserved lysine residue within a putative ATP/GTP-binding motif of CED-4. Co-expression of ced-9 with ced-4 and ced-3 inhibited the ability of CED-4 to stimulate CED-3 processing and CED-3-dependent apoptosis. Although a temperature-sensitive CED-9 mutant was unable to block CED-4 activity and failed to associate with CED-4, a deletion mutant of CED-9 lacking the carboxy-terminal hydrophobic domain could associate with CED-4 and block CED-4 activity. Conclusions: Our results establish a role for CED-4 in the processing of CED-3 and the stimulation of CED-3-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that CED-9 achieves its anti-apoptotic effect by associating with CED-4 and blocking the ability of CED-4 to process CED-3.