cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reaction Pathways and Rate-Determining Steps in Reactions of Alkanes on H-ZSM5 and Zn/H-ZSM5 Catalysts☆

Reactions of ethane and propane on H-ZSM5 lead primarily to undesired products of β-scission reactions. Turnover rates, aromatic site-time yields, and the rate of hydrogen disposal during alkane conversion increase as the density of exchanged Zn cations increases in H-ZSM5. Zn cations decrease β-scission rates and the residence time of alkenes within oligomerization/β-scission cycles, leading to higher rates and selectivity for the synthesis of C6-C8aromatic products. Reactions of propene/2-13C propane mixtures show that initial dehydrogenation steps become increasingly irreversible as Zn cations catalyze the recombinative desorption of H-atoms and H2. This process depletes the surface hydrogen pool available for the reverse hydrogenation reactions and it increases the overall rate of propene conversion to aromatics. Zn cations promote not only alkane dehydrogenation, but also the subsequent removal of hydrogen as H2, leading to unsaturated intermediates required in cyclization steps. C3H8/C3D8isotopic exchange rates are much higher than propane conversion rates. Exchange rates are similar on H-ZSM5 and Zn/H-ZSM5, but negligible on Na-ZSM5, consistent with the involvement of Bronsted acid sites in isotopic scrambling within alkanes and with a predominant role of Zn in the recombinative desorption of H-atoms. This proposal is consistent with the effects of Zn cations on the rate of H2/D2isotopic equilibration, with the role of added H2on alkane reaction rates, and with the rate of incorporation of D-atoms into reaction products formed from C3H8/D2mixtures.
Homologous Recombination in ESCHERICHIA COLI: Dependence on Substrate Length and Homology

We studied the in vivo recombination between homologous DNA sequences cloned in phage lambda and a pBR322-derived plasmid by assaying for the formation of phage-plasmid cointegrates by a single (or an odd number of) reciprocal exchange. (1) Recombination proceeds by the RecBC pathway in wild-type cells and by low levels of a RecF-dependent pathway in recBC- cells. The RecE pathway appears not to generate phage-plasmid cointegrates. (2) Recombination is linearly dependent on the length of the homologous sequences. In both RecBC and RecF-dependent pathways there is a minimal length, called the minimal efficient processing segment (MEPS), below which recombination becomes inefficient. The length of MEPS is between 23-27 base pairs (bp) and between 44-90 bp for the RecBC- and RecF-dependent pathways, respectively. A model, based on overlapping MEPS, of the correlation of genetic length with physical length is presented. The bases for the different MEPS length of the two pathways are discussed in relationship to the enzymes specific to each pathway. (3) The RecBC and the RecF-dependent pathways are each very sensitive to substrate homology. In wild-type E. coli, reduction of homology from 100% to 90% decreases recombinant frequency over 40-fold. The homology dependence of the RecBC and RecF-dependent pathways are similar. This suggests that a component common to both, probably recA, is responsible for the recognition of homology.
Three Proteins of the U7-Specific Sm Ring Function as the Molecular Ruler To Determine the Site of 3-End Processing in Mammalian Histone Pre-mRNA†

Cleavage of histone pre-mRNAs at the 3′ end is guided by the U7 snRNP, which is a component of a larger 3′-end processing complex. To identify other components of this complex, we isolated proteins that stably associate with a fragment of histone pre-mRNA containing all necessary processing elements and a biotin affinity tag at the 5′ end. Among the isolated proteins, we identified three well-characterized processing factors: the stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), which interacts with the stem-loop structure upstream of the cleavage site, and both Lsm11 and SmB, which are components of the U7-specifc Sm ring. We also identified 3′hExo/Eri-1, a multifunctional 3′ exonuclease that is known to trim the 3′ end of 5.8S rRNA. 3′hExo primarily binds to the downstream portion of the stem-loop structure in mature histone mRNA, with the upstream portion being occupied by SLBP. The two proteins bind their respective RNA sites in a cooperative manner, and 3′hExo can recruit SLBP to a mutant stem-loop that itself does not interact with SLBP. UV-cross-linking studies used to characterize interactions within the processing complex demonstrated that 3′hExo also interacts in a U7-dependent manner with unprocessed histone pre-mRNA. However, this interaction is not required for the cleavage reaction. The region between the cleavage site and the U7-binding site interacts with three low-molecular-weight proteins, which were identified as components of the U7-specific Sm core: SmB, SmD3, and Lsm10. These proteins likely rigidify the substrate and function as the molecular ruler in determining the site of cleavage.
Marmota caligata (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Abstract Marmota caligata (Eschscholtz, 1829), a large ground squirrel commonly called the hoary marmot, is 1 of 15 species of extant marmots. It is distributed in western North America from Alaska and Canada south to Washington and Montana and is found at elevations ranging from sea level to 2,500 m. M. caligata prefers alpine and subalpine boulder piles and talus slopes surrounded by meadows. The species is listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, although populations of Montague Island and Glacier Bay are of conservation concern by the State of Alaska.
Computer-based intelligent information system

An approach to the organization and design of a computer-based intelligent information system is presented. The system is designed to perform, knowledge transfer, experience documentation, dialonostic consultation and decision making. The essence of our design is the creation of a growing database for on-line up-dating, content retrieval, and interactive telebrowsing. The heart of the database is a category file which is organized in a content-oriented associative tree structure. The design of MEDIKS is discussed and illustrated.
Crosstalk between Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 and Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 in Modulating Breast Cancer Growth and Invasion

Background Cannabinoids bind to cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 and have been reported to possess anti-tumorigenic activity in various cancers. However, the mechanisms through which cannabinoids modulate tumor growth are not well known. In this study, we report that a synthetic non-psychoactive cannabinoid that specifically binds to cannabinoid receptor CB2 may modulate breast tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting signaling of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12. This signaling pathway has been shown to play an important role in regulating breast cancer progression and metastasis.
Indexing Valid Time Intervals

To support temporal operators and to increase the efficiency of temporal queries, indexing based on temporal attributes is required. We consider the problem of indexing the temporal dimension in valid time databases where the temporal information of data objects are represented as valid time intervals that need to be managed dynamically by an efficient index structure. We propose an indexing scheme that uses augmented B+trees called Interval B+trees for indexing a dynamic set of valid time intervals. We apply time-splits at the leaf level of the IB+tree that would partition long valid time intervals into disjoint subintervals and distribute them among several leaf nodes to increase efficiency of search operation, especially for timeslice queries. We compared IB+trees with time-splits to one dimensional R-trees and observed that while their performances for timeslice queries are comparable, IB+trees are far more superior for many temporal queries that are based on beginning points of time intervals.
Criteria for diastolic pressure: revolution, counterrevolution, and now a compromise

In 1967, an editorial entitled, "The Criterion for Diastolic Pressure: Revolution and Counterrevolution" appeared in a cardiology journal.1 The comments centered on deliberations of three committees appointed through the years by the American Heart Association. The charge of these committees was, among other things, to resolve the issue of whether the fourth phase of Korotkoff sounds (muffling) or the fifth phase (cessation) is the proper index of diastolic pressure. In 1939, the American Heart Association, together with the Cardiac Society of Great Britain and Ireland, recommended quite definitely that the fourth phase should be considered the index of diastolic pressure.2 REVOLUTION In 1951, a second committee of the American Heart Association reversed the recommendation of the 1939 International Committee and stated that the fifth phase was to be regarded as the more reliable index of diastolic pressure.3
Do U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite numerous studies, uncertainty remains about how water quality indicators can best be used in the regulation of recreational water. We conducted a systematic review of this topic with the goal of quantifying the association between microbial indicators of recreational water quality and gastrointestinal (GI) illness. A secondary goal was to evaluate the potential for GI illness below current guidelines. We screened 976 potentially relevant studies and from these identified 27 studies. From the latter, we determined summary relative risks for GI illness in relation to water quality indicator density. Our results support the use of enterococci in marine water at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guideline levels. In fresh water, (Italic)Escherichia(/Italic) coli was a more consistent predictor of GI illness than are enterococci and other bacterial indicators. A log (base 10) unit increase in enterococci was associated with a 1.34 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.00-1.75] increase in relative risk in marine waters, and a log (base 10) unit increase in E. coli was associated with a 2.12 (95% CI, 0.925-4.85) increase in relative risk in fresh water. Indicators of viral contamination were strong predictors of GI illness in both fresh and marine environments. Significant heterogeneity was noted among the studies. In our analysis of heterogeneity, studies that used a nonswimming control group, studies that focused on children, and studies of athletic or other recreational events found elevated relative risks. Future studies should focus on the ability of new, more rapid and specific microbial methods to predict health effects, and estimating the risks of recreational water exposure among susceptible persons.
A deoxyribozyme-based molecular automaton

We describe a molecular automaton, called MAYA, which encodes a version of the game of tic-tac-toe and interactively competes against a human opponent. The automaton is a Boolean network of deoxyribozymes that incorporates 23 molecular-scale logic gates and one constitutively active deoxyribozyme arrayed in nine wells (3x3) corresponding to the game board. To make a move, MAYA carries out an analysis of the input oligonucleotide keyed to a particular move by the human opponent and indicates a move by fluorescence signaling in a response well. The cycle of human player input and automaton response continues until there is a draw or a victory for the automaton. The automaton cannot be defeated because it implements a perfect strategy.
Nonlinear tree growth dynamics predict resilience to disturbance

Following a disturbance, why does one tree survive while another dies? Physiological mechanisms may explain varying responses to disturbance between different tree species, but fewer studies have investigated conspecific variation in resilience to forest disturbance. We propose that a dynamic signal found in trees may provide clues to their post-disturbance fate. Specifically, linear versus nonlinear growth dynamics of a tree may be an indicator of its likelihood to survive a disturbance. Here, we investigate stands of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) that experienced disturbances in the form of drought and insect attack. Earlier work indicated that oaks dying during these disturbances had faster growth rates in their first years of life, but there was no obvious difference in canopy status, size, age, or microsite habitat between trees that survived and those that died. To investigate potential differences in growth dynamics between these trees, we quantified radial growth of individual trees and used two fore...
A metamodel-based Monte Carlo simulation approach for responsive production planning of manufacturing systems

Abstract Production planning is concerned with finding a release plan of jobs into a manufacturing system so that its actual outputs over time match the customer demand with the least cost. For a given release plan, the system outputs, work in process inventory (WIP) levels and job completions, are non-stationary bivariate time series that interact with time series representing customer demand, resulting in the fulfillment/non-fulfillment of demand and the holding cost of both WIP and finished-goods inventory. The relationship between a release plan and its resulting performance metrics (typically, mean/variance of the total cost and the fill rate) has proven difficult to quantify. This work develops a metamodel-based Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method to accurately capture the dynamic, stochastic behavior of a manufacturing system, and to allow real-time evaluation of a release plan's performance metrics. This evaluation capability is then embedded in a multi-objective optimization framework to search for near-optimal release plans. The proposed method has been applied to a scaled-down semiconductor fabrication system to demonstrate the quality of the metamodel-based MCS evaluation and the results of plan optimization.
Interaction between lithification and resource availability in the microbialites of Río Mesquites, Cuatro Ciénegas, México.

Lithified microbial structures (microbialites) have been present on Earth for billions of years. Lithification may impose unique constraints on microbes. For instance, when CaCO3 forms, phosphate may be captured via coprecipitation and/or adsorption and potentially rendered unavailable for biological uptake. Therefore, the growth of microbes associated with CaCO3 may be phosphorus-limited. In this study, we compared the effects of resource addition on biogeochemical functions of microbial communities associated with microbialites and photoautotrophic microbial communities not associated with CaCO3 deposition in Rio Mesquites, Cuatro Cienegas, Mexico. We also manipulated rates of CaCO3 deposition in microbialites to determine whether lithification reduces the bioavailability of phosphorus (P). We found that P additions significantly increased rates of gross primary production (F2,13 = 103.9, P < 0.001), net primary production (F2,13 = 129.6, P < 0.0001) and ecosystem respiration (F2,13 = 6.44, P < 0.05) in the microbialites, while P addition had no effect on photoautotrophic production in the non-CaCO3 -associated microbial communities. Growth of the non-CaCO3-associated phototrophs was only marginally stimulated when nitrogen and P were added simultaneously (F1,36 = 3.98, P = 0.053). In the microbialites, resource additions led to some shifts in the abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria but mostly had little effect on bacterial community composition. Ca(2+) uptake rates increased significantly with organic carbon additions (F1,13 = 8.02, P < 0.05). Lowering of CaCO3 deposition by decreasing calcium concentrations in the water led to increased microbial biomass accumulation rates in terms of both organic carbon (F4,48 = 5.23, P < 0.01) and P (F6,48 = 13.91, P < 0.001). These results provide strong evidence in support of a role of lithification in controlling P limitation of microbialite communities.
Interactions of 1.15-Bev/ c K − Mesons in Emulsion

Two groups of data are dealt with: an unbiased sample of 102 interactions and a selected group of interactions which produced more than one prong near the minimum of ionization or which gave evidence of strange particle production in the plate in which the event was located. The results of the study are as follows: (a) clear evidence for the reactions K- + + N 1100 deg C are Kk/sup -/ + N + The effects of +4pi; for the reaction K-+ N + N 1100 deg C are Y + Y + K/sup 0/ or K- + N 1100 deg C are - + K followed by E- + N 1100 deg C are Y + Y; (c) a possible case of a "cascade hyperfragment," that is, one which contains two units of negative strangeness; (d) no cascade particle of K+ mesons was definitely identified. (W.D.M.)
Prioritizing HIV comparative effectiveness trials based on value of information: generic versus brand-name ART in the US

Background:Value of Information (VOI) analysis examines whether to acquire information before making a decision. We introduced VOI to the HIV audience, using the example of generic antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the US.Methods and Findings:We used a mathematical model and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) to generate probability distributions of survival (in quality-adjusted life years, QALYs) and cost for three potential first-line ART regimens: three-pill generic, two-pill generic, and single-pill branded. These served as input for a comparison of two hypothetical two-arm trials: three-pill generic versus single-pill branded; and two-pill generic versus single-pill branded. We modeled pre-trial uncertainty by defining probability distributions around key inputs, including 24-week HIV-RNA suppression and subsequent ART failure. We assumed that, without a trial, patients received the single-pill branded strategy. Post-trial, we assumed that patients received the most cost-effective strategy. For b...
Documentation Bias in Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder: Comparing the Prevalence and Documentation of Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder and Parkinson’s Disease (P4.050)

Objectives: 1) Evaluate the prevalence of patients with functional neurological symptom disorder (FND) presenting to neurology clinic at a tertiary academic center. 2) Investigate whether a documentation bias for FND exists. Background: Functional neurological symptom disorder refers to neurological symptoms unexplained by disease. Historically a psychiatric diagnosis, DSM diagnostic criteria now rely heavily on the neurological assessment. Research demonstrates that accurate diagnosis improves patients’ symptoms, enables appropriate care, and decreases health care utilization. Documentation of the diagnosis in electronic medical records (EMR) is essential to accurately estimate the frequency of the disorder and to make accurate conclusions regarding patient commonalities and comorbidities. Parkinson’s disease is another diagnosis that hinges on the neurological examination. We would expect documentation of suspected cases of these two diseases to be similar. Methods: The rate of suspected diagnosis of FND was assessed through retrospective chart review of all unique patients presenting to general neurology clinic between January - July 2015 at Stanford University Hospital. Cases of suspected FND were identified independently by two neurologists using key search words and phrases and referrals to psychiatry for co-management. Cases of documented FND were those associated with the ICD-10 codes for FND. The same process was used to identify the suspected and documented cases of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Results: Our preliminary data show FND was clinically suspected in 18[percnt] of patients, but the diagnosis of FND was documented in only 2[percnt] of patients. Comparatively, PD was suspected in 7[percnt] of patients and the diagnosis was also documented in 7[percnt]. Conclusions: The diagnosis of FND is frequently suspected, but rarely documented. In comparison, Parkinson’s disease is documented almost every time it is suspected. The under-documentation of this diagnosis suggests inappropriate care for a large patient population and holds significant implications regarding the accuracy of EMR-based clinical research for FND. Disclosure: Dr. Leaver has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Evans has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bullock has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dearlove has nothing to disclose.
Abstract A16: Loss of Hugl1 induces an EGF-dependent cellular transdifferentiation

Maintenance of cell polarity and tissue architecture are essential in preventing neoplasia. Three different protein complexes control cellular polarity, including the Par3/aPKC/Par6 complex, the Crumbs/Pals/Patj complex and the Scribble/Dlg/Lgl complex. Of these, only the loss of Lgl promotes massive tissue growth and cellular migration in Drosophila as well as altered cellular polarity. Humans have two well-conserved homologs, Hugl1 and Hugl2. Expression of Hugl1 is downregulated, lost, or mutated in many cancers, including colorectal, endometrial, hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant melanomas, and breast cancer. We have previously examined the role of Hugl1 and Hugl2 in breast epithelial cells and found that Hugl1 loss results in a failure of growth control, gain of mesenchymal phenotypes, and a loss of both apicobasal and planar polarity. We have now determined that these phenotypes represent a fundamental change in cellular differentiation and that loss of Hugl1 results in cellular transdifferentiation. Loss of Hugl1 expression in breast epithelial cells results in the induction of a mixed-phenotype population (composed of CD44high/CD49flow and CD44low/CD49fhigh), whose growth and migration are driven by the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). These populations exhibit increased anchorage-independent growth and form soft agar colonies in an EGF-dependent manner, and these behaviors are selectively enhanced in the CD44high/CD49flow population. Hugl1 loss results in the mislocalization of EGFR, resulting in TAZ and SLUG nuclear translocation. Together, these data indicate that when Hugl1 is lost in normal epithelial cells, polarity loss is accompanied by a transdifferentiation and increased anchorage-independent growth and migration. Citation Format: Erin Greenwood, David Ebertz, Anthony Fabiano, Joyce A. Schroeder. Loss of Hugl1 induces an EGF-dependent cellular transdifferentiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research; Oct 17-20, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A16.
Law's Information Revolution as Procedural Reform: Predictive Search as a Solution to the 'In Terrorem' Effect of Externalized Discovery Costs

By allowing parties to proceed on an informed basis, liberal discovery under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure was intended to support the Rule 1’s idealized goal of securing the "just, speedy, and inexpensive" resolution of civil cases. The large costs of conducting discovery may instead produce the opposite result. The creation of cross-party agency costs and the litigants’ ability to externalize much of the effort and costs of discovery to their adversary can generate litigation that is expensive, slow, and unjust. The problem may be particularly acute in cases involving vast amounts of electronically stored information, where the amount of data and potential for externalized costs of discovery can rise exponentially. This paper examines how the expanded use of technology can serve as de facto procedural reform. Use of advanced technological tools such as predictive search allow the tasks and costs to be allocated in a way that simultaneously yields better incentives, mitigates asymmetric cost and information problems, and reduces cross‐party agency costs. This in turn mitigates both the problems of overdiscovery and the in terrorem effect of discovery costs on pre‐discovery settlements. The result is more information and lower costs, allowing the system of legal discovery to move toward fulfilling the idealized goals of Rule 1.
Cryopreservation of Bacterial Vegetative Cells Used in Antibiotic Assay

A long-term cryopreservation study of vegetative cells of Micrococcus lutea ATCC 9341a, Micrococcus lutea ATCC 15957, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 cells, used in our antibiotic bioassay procedure, was conducted. The cryoprotective abilities of 1% methylcellulose solution and a 15% glycerol solution at -14 degrees C were determined. More organisms remained viable in 1% methylcellulose than in 15% glycerol. Overall survival of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 after 365 days was 1.5 logs lower than the other 2 organisms. The sensitivity and the resistance of the preserved organisms to various antibiotics did not change. The methodology is simple and inexpensive, saves analytical time, and avoids risk of contamination and sudden loss of a well-characterized culture.
Facial rehabilitation: new potentials.

Immediate facial nerve grafting offers the best opportunity for rehabilitative adaptation in facial paralysis. Hypoglossal crossover and muscle transposition also give good results in some patients.
A Fragile Cradle: Writing Jewishness, Nationhood, and Modernity in Cairo, 1920–1940

On the basis of literary texts by four Jewish writers (Georges Cattaui, Emile Mosseri, Albert Staraselski, and Lucien Sciuto), this article tries to understand the models of Jewish cultural and political identity circulating in Cairo during the monarchic period, investigating the intellectual atmosphere of interwar Egypt and the numerous ways in which the Cairene Jewish middle and upper classes narrated their lives vis-a-vis their own ethnoreligious community, Egypt, Europe, and Zionism. Literary representations of Jewishness, nationhood, and modernity suggest that living in Egypt as a Jew meant belonging not only to a (semicolonial) national space, to whose imagination these four writers contributed, but also to a wider Mediterranean lieu de savoir (site of knowledge), at the crossroads of past ethnoreligious legacies and novel feelings of cultural and political belonging.
Tyranny and responsibility: Makiya against Arab intellectuals

Kanan Makiya. 1993. Cruelty and Silence: War, Tyranny, Uprising and the Arab World. New York & London: W.W. Norton & Company.
The Activity of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase in Rat Brain

pH6.5. Further examination indicated that inhibition was not due to lipids in the supernatant. Subfractionation of rat brain homogenates to yield the P I , P2 and P3 fractions (nomenclature of Gray & Whittaker, 1962) indicated clearly that, on a protein basis, the release of phosphorylethanolamine from phosphatidylethanolamine was 14 times as great (1 1 nmol/h per mg of protein) in the P3 (microsomal) fraction as that in the homogenate. There was, however, significant activity in the P2 fraction, containing myelin, plasma membranes, synaptosomes, mitochondria and lysosomes. Subfractionation of this mixture by the method of Spanner & Ansell (1971) failed to locate the activity, but it was not lysosomal. When the microsomal fraction was washed by resuspending it in 0.25~-sucrose and recentrifuging at l0OOOOg for 1 h, the rate of release of phosphorylethanolamine was increased by 22 % on a protein basis, confirming the presence of some inhibitory factor in the soluble fraction of brain. It should be stated that studies with cytidine nucleotides (CTPand CDP-ethanolamine) showed that the release of phosphorylethanolamine from phosphatidylethanolamine was not due to the reversal of the synthetic cytidine pathway. It is noteworthy, however, that cyclic AMP slightly, but significantly, stimulated the activity of the putative phospholipase. Since the effect of cyclic AMP was not enhanced by inhibitors of cyclic AMP diesterase such as theophylline, and a similar effect (a 10% stimulation) was obtained with AMP, a specific effect of the cyclic nucleotides seems unlikely. Neither was the nucleotide effect likely to be due to the chelation of low concentrations of cations tightly bound to the microsomal membrane, since equivalent ‘chelating’ concentrations of EDTA did not mimic the effect of the nucleotides. However, the phospholipase C activity in the microsomal fraction was stimulated by as much as 100% by high concentrations of EDTA (1-lOmM). This stimulation was not the result of stabilization of the enzyme during the incubation period, its solubilization or a favourable change in the physical state of the substrate.
Co-creation of market expansion in point-of-care testing in the United States: Industry leadership perspectives on the community pharmacy segment

Abstract Background Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a specialty of laboratory medicine that occurs at the bedside or near the patient when receiving health services. Despite its established clinical utility and consumer demand in the community pharmacy, the implementation of POCT within this setting has remained modest for a variety of reasons. One possible solution to this problem is the concept of co-creation – the partnership between consumer and manufacturer in the development of value for a service or device. Objective Using the theoretical underpinning of co-creation, this study aimed to investigate perceptions of point-of-care-testing (POCT) industry leadership on the community pharmacy market in the United States to uncover reasons for limited implementation within community pharmacies. Methods Participants were recruited for this study through the use of snowball sampling. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants via telephone. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and entered into a qualitative analysis software program to summarize the data. Results Five key themes were uncovered: gaps in understanding, areas of positive impact, barriers to implementation, facilitators of implementation, and community pharmacy – a potential major player. Conclusions Through uncovering gaps in perceptions, it may be possible to leverage the U.S. pharmacy industry's size, potential for scalability, and ease of patient access to further patient care.
Factors affecting the quality of mated honey bee queens stored for different periods in queen-right bank colonies. Effect of cage level and position on holding frame

The effect of storage cage level (upper or lower) and its position (peripheral or middle positions) on weight, survival rate and egg laying capacity of honey bee queens stored in queen-right colonies for various storage periods was studied. Storing mated queens in this way had a significant effect on their weight after 75 days of storage. The means of queen weight were 174.9 and 167.4 mg for the upper and lower strips, respectively showing the superiority of the upper one. A significant increase in the mean weight of queens stored in the middle position (172.5 mg) was noticed comparing to peripheral ones (169.8 mg). All the stored queens had significantly greater weight than their original weight before storage during the different periods of experiment. There were significant differences in the survival rate of mated queens stored in different levels, as the mean survival rate of queens stored in the upper strip (69.3%) was higher than the survival rate of mated queens stored in the lower one (60.1%). Th...
Schallamach waves in rolling: Belt drives

Abstract The contact mechanics in a belt drive has been experimentally studied to explore the mechanism of relative displacement at the belt/pulley interface. We have found that under the slow speed considered, no sliding takes place at the interface, and that relative displacement between the elastomeric belt and the pulley is achieved by cyclic detachment. The contact mechanics is different in the driver and driven pulleys, which results in different slip arc angles and calls into question the universal validity of the symmetric sliding-based approach to analysis of the belt drive contact. Waves of detachment are observed in the driver pulley, while in the driven pulley, the system instabilities result from the combination of the pulley rotation and the adhesion hysteresis.
Federal Agency Succession Planning

The qualitative explanatory single case study was conducted to explore succession planning practices in a federal agency. The case study was comprised of one of the Department of the Navy federal agency’s senior civilian leader and manager interviews, direct observation, reviewing federal exit surveys, and retirement claim data. The sample population were federal employees who were GS-13 and above and had a minimum of 2 years of managerial experience working in the Washington Metro Area. There were six resultant themes identified in the explanatory case study. The case study provided insight on how succession planning occurs within the Department of the Navy to adequately facilitate the forecasted high number of retirements and retirees’ knowledge transfer within 2016 to 2021.
Quasi-periodic self-excited travelling waves for damped beam equations

Abstract A two dimensional beam equation is considered. It is shown that for a dense set of model parameters, the presence of linear and nonlinear damping terms of opposite sign, produce small amplitude quasi-periodic travelling waves, which are continuations of two branches of rotating waves. Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction and only the classical implicit function theorem are used.
Novel Association Between Intrathecal Drug Administration and Arachnoiditis Ossificans.

Background We present a case of delayed progression of adhesive arachnoiditis to arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) in a patient being treated with a high-dose polypharmaceutical intrathecal regimen. Case Description The patient is a 39-year-old Caucasian male who was implanted with an intrathecal pump in 2006 to control severe low back pain and administered intrathecal pain medication for a period of 10 years. In 2016, he developed new-onset radicular pain and worsened sensation in his lower extremities. Computed tomography scan of the lumbar spine at that time demonstrated profound calcification of the arachnoid consistent with a diagnosis of AO. It was presumed that prolonged high-dose intrathecal medication precipitated this condition, and his intrathecal medications were titrated down with removal of the pump. Conclusions It is unlikely that his condition occurred as a result of prior surgery, with the more likely cause being hyperplasia of the spinal arachnoid, leading to scarring and calcification, due to the high-dose intrathecal regimen. This case highlights the delayed progression from stable arachnoiditis to AO concurring with a regimen of high-dose intrathecal medications. Clinicians should closely monitor patients undergoing intrathecal drug administration, particularly at elevated doses, for indications of damage to the spinal arachnoid mater.
Light Harvesting in Unialgal Blooms

We developed a model for spectral light absorption coefficients of dinoflagellate cell suspensions based on mean cell dimensions, cellular pigment concentrations, and known pigment-protein absorption spectra. In situ algal absorption coefficients of unialgal dinoflagellate blooms can be discovered by determining pigment concentrations, cell densities, and cell dimensions from water samples. The model can be used to estimate photosynthetic light harvesting and algal contribution to light extinction in the water column. This method is sensitive to photoadaptive responses, and also allows us to assess the relative influences of light quality, accessory pigments, and packaging effects on algal light absorption. Results of the model are presented in the context of a hypothetical dinoflagellate bloom. The model may be extended to estimate primary productivity by adding a photosynthetic efficiency parameter, or including other algal taxa.
Skin and Nails

The skin is the largest organ of the body. Enclosing the other tissues it acts as a protective barrier that maintains a stable internal chemical environment. The plantar skin of the foot, as well, provides protection from the high pressures of weight-bearing. Skin blocks the invasion of infectious organisms. Constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the skin and the sweat mechanism are important factors in the regulation of body temperature. The skin provides a large sensory interface with the external world through which varied information is input to the brain, including temperature, pressure, pain, pleasure, and position.
Habituation in the Protozoan Spirostomum and Problems of Learning

The first thing to establish in studies on the molecular basis of memory is that the organisms chosen do, in fact, exhibit learning. This presents an immediate problem because a definition accepted by all is not available (Thorpe, 1963; Quarton et al., 1967; Hinde, 1970). More specifically, since we do not know what learning is from a chemical or physiological viewpoint we have difficulties in defining it precisely. For example, habituation is defined as a “waning of a response as a result of repeated stimulation” (Thorpe, 1963). If an addictive narcotic is given in a large enough dose to a person, he shows a behavioral response (euphoria) and repeated stimulation in the form of more doses eventually produces a waning of the behavioral response, i.e. his system has adapted to it. This certainly meets the definition of habituation but no one considers it a possible model system for learning. There is also the immunological response whereupon the second presentation of an antigen produces not only a larger titer of antibodies but also at a faster rate. This has been called immunological memory (Kabat, 1968) and certainly meets many definitions of memory but it too is not studied as a learning phenomenon. Why? The reason lies in the fact that “leaning and memory” are not precise enough terms to determine whether further study of phenomena agreeing with these definitions can be of any use in elucidating the molecular basis of learning and memory as psychologists and ethologists generally define it.
Combinations of Cytotoxic Drugs, Ionizing Radiation, and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitors

Rapamycin and its analogs are versatile drugs with proven efficacy in cardiovascular and transplant medicine and with promising results in early cancer clinical trials. In specific tumor types, a select minority of patients likely will benefit from monotherapy. The challenge for the future will be to dissect further the molecular signaling pathways modulated by rapamycin in order to appreciate fully the molecular mechanisms underpinning sensitivity or resistance to mTOR inhibition. This understanding will provide insight into rational combinations of mTOR inhibitors with classic cytotoxic agents, radiation, and other molecularly targeted therapies.
Leukocyte enzyme assays by flow cytophotometry.

Flow-cytophotometers are optical electronic devices which measure a variety of physical characteristics of individual cells in suspension as they flow, one at a time, past a laser beam of a particular wavelength. Some instruments measure fluorescent emission at different wavelengths and light scattered from each cell detected at a narrow angle. Other instruments measure both narrow angle light scatter and axial light-loss (extinction) due to impingement of the cell on the light path as it traverses the laser beam. The studies to be described will refer only to instruments of the latter type.
Very ductile polymer concrete using carbon nanotubes

Abstract Polymer concrete (PC) is a type of concrete where a polymer is used to replace cement as the binder. PC is an impermeable and chemical resistant concrete with appreciable mechanical properties. However, for most structural engineers, PC advantages do not outweigh its higher cost when compared with normal cement concrete. We report on the production of very ductile PC (measured by tensile strain at failure) with appreciable tensile strength utilizing a hybrid mixture of pristine and carboxyl (COOH) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at 2.0 wt% of epoxy resin. Experimental investigations reveal that COOH functionalization maximizes PC ductility reaching unprecedented 5.5% failure strains and increasing toughness by 184%. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and dynamic modulus analysis indicate an increase in crosslinking density of the epoxy matrix up to 84% due to the carbonyl band formation induced by the COOH functionalization of MWCNTs. The significant improvement in ductility and energy absorption provides a promising platform for creating very ductile PC with attractive properties.
Finding Home in Memory: Stories of Immigration, Diaspora, and Dis/location

I chose poetic performance narratives for writing up stories shared with me. I follow J. Brunner’s (2002) proposal that, literary narrative [poetry], “subverts familiar expectations while respecting, even vivifying reality [thus poetic] narrative ‘subjunctivizes’ a subjunctivized world, though it may not be comfortable, is provocative.” (51). The poetic performance narratives create a provocative reading to seduce the reader into the “uncomfortable” Other’s world. As R. Rosaldo understands, the highest task of writing, “is not to represent the event […] but to be the event itself” (2014:102). From the perspective of a resilient Latina woman—who in the USA is also an immigrant, academic, and non-native English-speaker—this decolonizing project is a celebration of struggles, difference, agency and multiplicity. As Bhabha (2005) indicates, the mestizo is a witness who has a different take on what s/he calls decoloniality.
Green deoxygenation of fatty acids to transport fuels over metal-organic frameworks as catalysts and catalytic supports

Abstract Removing oxygen from fatty acids leads to the formation of paraffinic hydrocarbons that can potentially serve as or be converted to direct replacements for traditional petroleum-derived liquid transportation fuels and paraffinic petrochemical feedstocks. Herein we review recent research progress that has been done in the development of metal-organic framework (MOF) as catalysts and catalytic supports for the conversion of fatty acids into liquid transport fuels. In particular, some of these MOFs as catalytic supports display enhanced performance for the decarboxylation and deoxygenation of fatty acids to liquid fuels as compared to benchmark catalyst-support systems. Important aspects that require attention from the scientific community to envision these porous crystals as effective catalysts to convert liquid biomass into valuable liquid fuels are discussed.
The Association between Neighborhood Environments and Physical Activity from Pregnancy to Postpartum: a Prospective Cohort Study

The objectives of this study were to determine if neighborhood measures were associated with physical activity cross-sectionally during late pregnancy (27–30 weeks’ gestation), 3 months postpartum, and 12 months postpartum, and longitudinally with an increase in physical activity from late pregnancy to 12 months postpartum. Data are from the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN3) and Postpartum Prospective Cohort Study. Dichotomized self-reported recreation and total physical activity hours/week were explored cross-sectionally at three time points, and as an increase over time. Four factors from a neighborhood environmental audit were examined: arterial or thoroughfare, walkable neighborhood, physical incivilities, and decoration. Secondary spatial data included population density, hilliness, intersection density, distance to nearest major road, distance to nearest park, distance to nearest physical activity facility, and distance to nearest bus stop. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess the association between environmental variables and physical activity measures. A number of environmental variables were associated with total and recreation physical activity at the three time points in cross-sectional models. For increase in recreation physical activity over time, a moderate distance to nearest major road was significantly associated with increased recreation physical activity from 3 to 12 months postpartum (tertile 2 OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.08, 4.22). Living the furthest distance from the nearest park was inversely associated with an increase in recreation physical activity from pregnancy to 3 months postpartum (tertile 3 OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.29, 0.85). The findings of this study indicate that several aspects of the neighborhood environment, such as walkability, access to transit, distance to recreation facilities, and road networks, are associated with physical activity during different stages of pregnancy and postpartum. Since physical activity may result in long-term health benefits for both the woman and child, environments that support this activity should be encouraged.
Expanding and deepening our understanding of which young people are most likely to have an informal mentor

Abstract There has been much enthusiasm in the past decade around informal mentoring (naturally occurring relationships with caring non-parental adults) as a way to promote positive outcomes for young people. This enthusiasm is motivated by empirical studies boasting positive effects and has resulted in intervention development around how to promote these relationships for young people. Both the studies and interventions, however, are restricted by a limited literature base on key differences between mentored and non-mentored young people. This article seeks to contribute to this limited literature by (1) confirming previously-tested attributes with a newly applied database and (2) using social capital to help theorize as to why some young people have this important resource and others do not. This study uses the Panel Study on Income Dynamics' Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (CRCS) and a series of logistic regressions to find that demographics, family resources, and access to social capital are associated with having a mentor. Implications for both researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Composition and projection of co-speech gestures

In this paper I argue against the common assumption in recent literature that content-bearing gestures co-occurring with speech project in a single uniform way determined by their co-speech status. Instead, I propose a composition-driven, modality-neutral approach whereby which projection mechanisms are available or enforced for a given piece of compositionally integrated content, spoken or gestural, is determined by how it composes in the syntax/semantics. I adduce experimental data supporting this view from an acceptability judgement task comparing co-nominal gestures to adnominal adjectives and appositives. More broadly, this paper establishes the need to treat gestures as bona fide linguistic objects at all levels of representation in order to understand how they contribute to the meaning of utterances as well as which aspects of grammar are modality-(in)dependent.
To Repudiate or Merely Curtail? Justice Gorsuch and Chevron Deference

Justice Gorsuch is regarded as one of the Chevron doctrine's most ardent foes, largely though not exclusively based on his opinions as a Tenth Circuit judge in De Niz Robles v. Lynch and Gutierrez-Brizuela v. Lynch. Written for a symposium entitled Life After Scalia: Justice Gorsuch and Modern Textualism on the Supreme Court, this essay takes a deeper dive into Justice Gorsuch's Chevron jurisprudence as a Tenth Circuit judge to develop a more nuanced account and to make some predictions regarding how his views of Chevron may shape future Supreme Court decisionmaking.