cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Segregation distortion in drosophila

Abstract Segregation distortion in Drosophila occurs in SD/SD + males because SD induces a developmental anomaly in SD + -bearing spermatocytes that results in the normal maturation of SD -bearing sperm only. This was interpreted to mean that distortion resulted from a lesion in the normal genetic control of spermiogenesis. Recent work suggests, instead, that the genetic elements that cause distortion may be adventitious, and are detected as segregation distorters because, owing to the resultant meiotic drive, they are frequently recovered from natural populations.
Policy intellectuals, class struggle and the construction of old age: the creation of the Social Security Act of 1935.

Abstract Studies in the political economy of aging criticize social policies for the aged for reinforcing class inequalities and doing little to help many aged persons, yet few use this perspective to explore policy development. Estes' critique of dominant conceptions of aging is the starting point for this study of the historical development of the U.S. Social Security Act. When the conflict between capital and labor is placed at the center of analysis, we see that conceptions of aging as inevitable physical and mental decline, and the subsequent institutionalization of retirement, emerged early in the 20th century from work place conflicts over changes in the production process and worker productivity. The Social Security Act embraced those conceptions of the ‘problems’ of aging most consistent with the needs of capitalist industry, and issues involving class struggles were redefined as issues of biological aging and decline. This paper explores the dynamics of this process and the role of businessmen and policy intellectuals. Understanding class struggles over the definition of problems is just as important as understanding class struggles over particular policies. Focusing on problem definitions also allows us as researchers to see how we may unwittingly reinforce the inequalities we struggle to overcome.
The effects of trimetoquinol on the intact rabbit heart and myocardial adenylate cyclase activity: evidence for spare myocardial beta receptors.

We have compared and contrasted the actions of (−)isoproterenol and (±) trimetoquinol on rabbit heart preparations. In the presence of either GTP or Gpp[NH]p (guanosine-5′-(β, γ imino)triphosphate), trimetoquinol displayed partial agonist activity in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity in a particulate rabbit heart preparation. Trimetoquinol enhanced adenylate cyclase activity 20% or 65% of the maximum obtainable by isoproterenol in the presence of GTP or Gpp[NH]p respectively. In the presence of GTP, concentrations of catecholamines required to enhance cyclase activity 15% of the maximum obtainable with isoproterenol (EC15) were 2.0×10−7 m and 5.5×10−8 m for trimetoquinol and isoproterenol, respectively. In the presence of Gpp[NH]p EC30 values were 2.0×10−7 and 3.5×10−8 m for trimetoquinol and isoproterenol respectively. Trimetoquinol also displayed partial agonist activity for the ability to increase cAMP levels in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. By contrast trimetoquinol was equieffective to isoproterenol at increasing tension development and rate of contraction of the isolated perfused heart. Concentrations of catecholamines required to increase tension and rate of contraction 50% of the maximum obtainable with isoproterenol were 1.5×10−7 m and 1.7×10−8 m for trimetoquinol and isoproterenol, respectively. These data show that only a partial stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP levels by trimetoquinol is sufficient to produce maximal changes in mechanical activity of the heart. These data support the concept of spare myocardial beta receptors because: (1) trimetoquinol is much less effective than isoproterenol at stimulating adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP levels, yet is equal to isoproterenol at producing changes in mechanical activity of the intact heart and (2) Isoproterenol concentrations which produce maximal increases in rate and developed tension in the intact heart enhance adenylate cyclase activity only 20% of maximum.
Search for Jovian hectometric continuum radiation.

SEVERAL observers have reported essentially continuous radiation from Jupiter at low frequencies. Dulk and Clark1 believe Jupiter to be continuously emitting weak radiation at and below 10 MHz. They found the minimum flux at 10 MHz to be 5 × 10−23 W m−2 Hz−1 on all but one occasion. McCulloch and Ellis2 measured a mean flux of 10−21 w m−2 Hz−1 at 4.7 MHz although it was frequently below this level. They remark that at low frequencies weak radiation from Jupiter is nearly always present. Slysh3 proposed that the intense, constant radiation observed at 200 kHz from several spacecraft was chiefly of Jovian origin. He suggested that a spectral index of 2.5 may hold from 0.20 to 20 MHz. If this were correct it should be possible to detect the Jovian continuum with the Radio Astronomy Explorer satellite (RAE–I).
Additives for the separation of cesium from a strongly nitric acid medium by insoluble ferrocyanide sorbents

In the presence of trace amounts of hydrazinium or amidosulfate ion, sufficiently high values were observed for the distribution coefficients of cesium on several insoluble ferrocyanide sorbents in a concentrated solution of nitric acid, in contrast to considerably lower values in their absence. The results indicate an inhibitory action of the above agents on the oxidation of ferrocyanide to ferricyanide with nitric acid.
Preparation and Properties of Starch Phosphates Using Waxy, Common, and High-Amylose Corn Starches. I. Oven-Heating Method

ABSTRACT The structure and physicochemical properties of waxy, common, and high-amylose corn starch phosphates prepared by oven heating were studied. Starch phosphates prepared by either slurry or dry-mixing treatment before oven heating were also compared. The slurry treatment more efficiently incorporated phosphorus into starch relative to the dry-mixing treatment under the reaction conditions studied. In general, the phosphorylated starch prepared by the slurry treatment exhibited a lower gelatinization temperature, a higher peak viscosity, a lesser degree of retrogradation, and improved freeze-thaw stability compared with those prepared by the dry-mixing treatment. Phosphorylation occurred probably in both amylose and amylopectin, and the amount and location of incorporated phosphate groups varied with starch types likely due to their different amylose and amylopectin contents. Waxy starch was more prone to phosphorylation, followed by common and high-amylose starches, respectively.
Antarctic bottom water fluctuations in the Vema Channel: Effects of velocity changes on particle alignment and size

Abstract The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and mean particle size in the silt fraction have been measured in surface sediments and down selected cores from the Vema Channel. Results show that a function ( F s ) which represents magnetic grain long axis alignment is highly correlated with variation in mean size of the silt fraction. An increase in alignment is caused by an increase in bottom water velocity which corresponds to an increase in mean particle size. Best alignments and coarsest particle sizes are found in the axis of the Vema Channel. In contrast, poor particle alignment and fine silt mean characteristics the shallower region east of the channel axis, consistent with lower current velocities. Core CH 115-61 was collected near the Level of Least Motion at the transition between northward-flowing Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and southward-flowing North Atlantic Deep Water. A positive relationship exists between silt size and AMS in the core. Fluctuations in particle alignment and mean silt size indicate three or four periods of increased velocity during the past 150,000 years. Geographic orientation of the maximum AMS axes in cores CH 115-60 and -61 was accomplished using the declination of remanent magnetism and an axial dipole as the reference azimuth. The data show that the larger magnetic grains in these sediments are aligned normal to the bathymetric trend of the channel which suggests that these grains are aligned by traction transport. The result indicates that AABW in the Vema Channel has flowed along an azimuth of approximately N30°E for the past 150,000 years.
Progenitor cells from the CA3 region of the embryonic day 19 rat hippocampus generate region-specific neuronal phenotypes in vitro.

Progenitor cells that endure in different regions of the CNS after the initial neurogenesis can be expanded in culture and used as a source of donor tissue for grafting in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the proliferation and differentiation characteristics of residual neural progenitor cells from distinct regions of the CNS are mostly unknown. This study elucidated the characteristics of progenitor cells that endure in the CA3 region of the hippocampus after neurogenesis, by in vitro analyses of cells that are responsive to epidermal growth factor (EGF) or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in the embryonic day 19 (E19) rat hippocampus. Isolated cells from the E19 CA3 region formed neurospheres in the presence of either EGF or FGF-2, but the yield of neurospheres was greater with FGF-2 exposure. Differentiation cultures revealed a greater yield of neurons from FGF-2 neurospheres (60%) than from EGF neurospheres (35%). Exposure to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhanced the yield of neurons from EGF neurospheres but had no consequence on FGF-2 neurospheres. A large number of neurons from EGF/FGF-2 neurospheres demonstrated clearly palpable morphological features of CA3 pyramidal neurons and lacked γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) expression. However, a fraction of neurons (17–20%) from EGF/FGF-2 neurospheres expressed GABA, and exposure to BDNF increased the number of GABAergic neurons (30%) from EGF neurospheres. Neurons from EGF/FGF-2 neurospheres also contained smaller populations of calbindin- and calretinin-positive interneuron-like cells. Thus, progenitor cells responsive to FGF-2 are prevalent in the CA3 region of the E19 rat hippocampus and give rise to a greater number of neurons than progenitor cells responsive to EGF. However, both FGF-2- and EGF-responsive progenitor cells from E19 CA3 region are capable of giving rise to CA3 field-specific phenotypic neurons. These results imply that progenitor cells that persist in the hippocampus after neurogenesis remain regionally restricted and hence retain their ability to give rise to region-specific phenotypic neurons even after isolation and expansion in vitro. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Photoionization of methylphenothiazine in transition metal containing silicoaluminophosphates

Photoionization of methylphenothiazine was studied in different pore size silicoaluminophosphate microporous materials at room temperature. The photoyield of methylphenothiazine cation radical was enhanced by an order of magnitude or more by incorporation of Ni, Co and Cu transition metal ions as electron acceptors into framework sites or ion exchange sites of the microporous materials. Nickel ions had stronger effects on the photoyield than the others. The photoyield also increased with the silicoaluminophosphate pore size.
Combined modality therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Abstract Background: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) may respond to many therapies, but long-term disease-free survival is uncommon. Patients with advanced disease have a median survival of approximately 3 years. Objective: Our purpose was to combine known effective agents sequentially to determine whether we could achieve remission in more patients or for longer duration. Methods: Patients with mycosis fungoides ( n = 23) or Sezary syndrome ( n = 5) were treated with 4 months of recombinant interferon alfa together with isotretinoin, followed by total skin electron beam therapy alone (for stage I to II disease) or preceded by chemotherapy (for stage III to IV disease). Maintenance therapy consisted of interferon for 1 year and topical nitrogen mustard for 2 years. Results: Twenty-eight patients were treated. The overall response rate (complete and partial remissions) was 82%. Although the median duration of remission was 5 months in patients with stage III to IV disease, two patients remain in complete remission at 39+ and 46+ months. In patients with stage I to II disease the median duration of remission has not been reached at a median follow-up of 18 months. Five patients, all with stage III to IV disease, have died. Overall, the regimen was well tolerated with one treatment-related death from neutropenic sepsis. Conclusion: Combined modality therapy may be effective for the treatment of CTCL with similar response rates to other current therapies.
Requirement for both the CD3/T cell receptor complex and the CD2/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 adhesion system in monocyte-independent T cell activation by oxidized erythrocytes.

Recent reports have shown that human T lymphocytes can be activated in vitro by desialyzed oxidized erythrocytes (DOE) in a monocyte-independent fashion. These findings suggest that, in addition to providing the activating stimulus, DOE may also fulfill accessory cell roles normally supplied by monocytes in T cell activation. DOE may thus be a useful substitute for antigenpresenting accessory cells in studies of T cell activation. This report describes experiments conducted to determine if T cell activation by DOE involves cell surface structures known to play a role in antigen-induced T cell activation. T cell stimulation by DOE was blocked by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, suggesting that perturbation of the CD3/T cell antigen receptor complex on T cells is required for activation. Activation was also blocked by anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody, indicating involvement of the CD2/LFA-3 adhesion system. Since DOE and monocytes both express LFA-3, the role of LFA-3 on DOE in T cell activation was assessed. DOE ...
Focus Issue: Mastering Nuclear Dynamics

Science and Science 9s STKE delve into the complexity of the nucleus, a dynamic organelle. Along with a rich collection of articles about nuclear regulation, two Perspectives at Science 9s STKE highlight the nuclear transport of two very different transcriptional regulators.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Binary Metal Germanides

A series of transition metal substituted germacyclopent-3-ene compounds containing transition metal-germanium bonds have been prepared with supporting ligands which are designed to be easily removed either thermally or photochemically. In solution, model thermal decomposition experiments show that either the geramanium or the transition metal substituents may be removed, depending on the nature of the metal. Preliminary hot-wall CVD experiments using manganese and cobalt derivatives result in films with small grain size.
Anatomical and physiological characteristics of vestibular neurons mediating the vertical vestibulo‐ocular reflexes of the squirrel monkey

The morphology of 35 vestibular neurons whose firing rate was related to vertical eye movements was studied by injection of horseradish peroxidase intracellularly into physiologically identified vestibular axons in alert squirrel monkeys. The intracellularly injected cells were readily classified into four main groups. One group of cells, down position-vestibular-pause neurons (down PVPs; N = 12), increased their firing rate during downward eye positions, paused during saccades, and were located in the medial vestibular nucleus (MV) and the adjacent ventrolateral vestibular nucleus (VLV). They had axons that crossed the midline and ascended in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) to terminate in the trochlear nucleus, the lateral aspect of the caudal oculomotor nucleus, and the dorsal aspect of the rostral oculomotor nucleus. A second group of cells (N = 15) were also located in the MV and VLV, but increased their firing rate during upward eye positions, and paused during saccades. These cells had axons that crossed the midline and ascended in the contralateral MLF to terminate in the medial aspect of the oculomotor nucleus. A third group of cells (N = 4) were located in the superior vestibular nucleus, generated bursts of spikes during upward saccades, and increased their tonic firing rate during upward eye positions. These cells had axons that ascended laterally to the ipsilateral MLF to terminate in regions of the trochlear and oculomotor nuclei similar to those in which down PVPs terminated. A fourth group of cells (N = 4), located in the VLV, had axons that projected to the spinal cord, although they had firing rates that were significantly correlated with vertical eye position. Electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve evoked spikes at monosynaptic latencies in each of the above classes of cells, six of which were injected with horseradish peroxidase. Each group of cells had collateral projections to other areas of the brainstem. Some of the neurons that projected to the contralateral trochlear and oculomotor nuclei had collaterals that crossed the midline to terminate in the oculomotor nucleus ipsilateral to the soma, and some gave rise to small collaterals that terminated in the abducens nucleus. Other areas of the brainstem that received collateral inputs from neurons projecting to oculomotor and trochlear nuclei included the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the caudal part of the dorsal raphe nucleus, the nucleus raphe obscurus, Roller's nucleus, the intermediate and caudal interstitial nuclei of the MLF, and the nucleus prepositus.
Pathomechanics of Structural Foot Deformities

This article presents the most common structural foot deformities encountered in clinical practice. The deformities are defined, and the expected compensations at the subtalar joint (STJ) are described. The theoretical consequences of the STJ compensations on proximal and distal tissues are presented. A biomechanical rationale for certain tissue disorders is described. The possible effects of abnormal STJ compensation on osseous development are briefly discussed.
Creative Thought as a non Darwinian Evolutionary Process

Selection theory requires multiple, distinct, simultaneously-actualized states. In cognition, each thought or cognitive state changes the 'selection pressure' against which the next is evaluated; they are not simultaneously selected amongst. Creative thought is more a matter of honing in a vague idea through redescribing successive iterations of it from different real or imagined perspectives; in other words, actualizing potential through exposure to different contexts. It has been proven that the mathematical description of contextual change of state introduces a non-Kolmogorovian probability distribution, and a classical formalism such as selection theory cannot be used. This paper argues that creative thought evolves not through a Darwinian process, but a process of context-driven actualization of potential.
Hrt and Hes negatively regulate Notch signaling through interactions with RBP-Jκ

Notch signaling is central to cell differentiation, organ development, and apoptosis. Upon ligand binding, the Notch intracellular domain (NotchIC) translocates to the nucleus to interact with its DNA-binding partner, RBP-Jj. The NotchIC-RBP-Jj complex activates target genes, such as those encoding the Hrt and Hes families of basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressors. Hrt transcripts are enriched in the developing cardiovascular system, and mice lacking Hrt2 have cardiac malformations. Here we show that Hrt2 and Hes1 interact with RBP-Jj to negatively regulate Notch-dependent activation of Hrt and Hes expression. The bHLH domain of Hrt2 was necessary for this interaction, and disrupting the protein complex abrogated the negative autoregulation. The interaction did not interfere with the formation or DNA-binding of the NotchIC-RBP-Jj complex, indicating direct inhibition by Hrt and Hes as co-repressors. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for negative feedback on Notch signaling that requires RBP-Jj to interact physically with Hrt and Hes.
Producing Biographical Summaries: Combining Linguistic Knowledge with Corpus Statistics

We describe a biographical multi-document summarizer that summarizes information about people described in the news. The summarizer uses corpus statistics along with linguistic knowledge to select and merge descriptions of people from a document collection, removing redundant descriptions. The summarization components have been extensively evaluated for coherence, accuracy, and non-redundancy of the descriptions produced.
On the validity of the lyddane-sachs-teller relation at long wavelengths

Abstract Among the polarization modes of an ionic crystal there exists no Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for very long wavelengths. The implication in certain recent experiments that the LST relation is valid at k = 0 is shown to be due to misinterpretation of the theory and the experimental data.
Young Adolescents Who Respond to an Inulin-Type Fructan Substantially Increase Total Absorbed Calcium and Daily Calcium Accretion to the Skeleton

Calcium absorption and whole-body bone mineral content are greater in young adolescents who receive 8 g/d of Synergy, a mixture of inulin-type fructans (ITF), compared with those who received a maltodextrin control. Not all adolescents responded to this intervention, however. We evaluated 32 responders and 16 nonresponders to the calcium absorptive benefits of ITF. We found no differences in usual dietary calcium intakes. Responders who increased their calcium absorption by at least 3% after 8 wk of Synergy had a greater accretion of calcium to the skeleton over a year based on whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data. The absorptive benefit to ITF use in responders is substantial and would be comparable to increasing daily calcium intake by at least 250 mg. Increased intake of ITF may be an important aspect of a multifaceted approach to enhancing peak bone mass.
Extension of Mutual Subspace Method for Low Dimensional Feature Projection

Face recognition algorithms based on mutual subspace methods (MSM) map segmented faces to single points on a feature manifold and then apply manifold learning techniques to classify the results. This paper proposes a generic extension to MSM for analysis of features in high-throughput recordings. We apply this method to analyze short duration overlapping waves in synthetic data and multielectrode brain recordings. We compare different feature space topologies and projection techniques, including MDS, ISOMAP and Laplacian eigenmaps. Overall we find that ISOMAP shows the least sensitivity to noise and provides the best association between distance in feature space and Euclidean distance in projection space. For non-noisy data, Laplacian eigenmaps show the least sensitivity to feature space topology.
Assembly in Vitro of Bacteriophage HK97 Proheads

Bacteriophage HK97 is a lambdoid phage with a head assembled from 415 copies of a 42 kDa subunit arranged in an icosahedrally symmetrical lattice with a triangulation number of 7. Prohead I, the first shell structure in the assembly pathway, is composed of 42 kDa coat protein subunits that have not yet undergone the proteolytic cleavage, conformational changes, and covalent cross-linking steps that occur later in the assembly of mature heads. Prohead I can be efficiently dissociated into capsomeres by treatment with 2 M KCl. The resulting capsomeres are a mixture of two species, identified as pentamers and hexamers of the 42 kDa subunit. These capsomeres were also detected as the products of chaperonin-assisted renaturation of 42 kDa polypeptide in vitro at room temperature or in the course of self folding and assembly in vitro at 0 degrees C. Pentamer and hexamer capsomeres can be interconverted in vitro by manipulating solvent conditions, and this makes it possible to carry out the in vitro shell assembly reaction at different input ratios of hexamer to pentamer. The Prohead I structures produced are always the normal (T = 7) size regardless of the input pentamer to hexamer ratio. Assembly is most efficient when the pentamer to hexamer ratio is 1:5 (a mass ratio of 1:6), or the same as the capsomere ratio in a T = 7 shell.
Differences in the charge distribution of glycerol-extracted muscle fibers in rigor, relaxation, and contraction.

Glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas muscle fibers were impaled with KCl-filled glass microelectrodes. For fibers at rest-length, the potentials were significantly more negative in solutions producing relaxation than in solutions producing either rigor or contraction; further the potentials in the latter two cases were not significantly different. For stretched fibers, with no overlap between thick and thin filaments, the potentials did not differ in the rigor, the relaxation, or the contraction solutions. The potentials measured from fibers in rigor did not vary significantly with the sarcomere length. For relaxed fibers, however, the potential magnitude decreased with increasing sarcomere length. The difference between the potentials measured for rigor and relaxed fibers exhibited a nonlinear relationship with sarcomere length. The potentials from calcium-insensitive fibers were less negative in both the rigor and the relaxation solutions than those from normal fibers. When calcium-insensitive fibers had been incubated in Hasselbach and Schneider's solution plus MgCl2 or Guba-Straub's solution plus MgATP the potentials recorded upon impalement were similar in the rigor and the relaxation solution to those obtained from normal fibers in the relaxed state. It is concluded that the increase in the negative potential as the glycerinated fiber goes from rigor to relaxation may be due to an alteration in the conformation of the contractile proteins in the relaxed state.
Distribution, recognition and regulation of non-CpG methylation in the adult mammalian brain

DNA methylation has critical roles in the nervous system and has been traditionally considered to be restricted to CpG dinucleotides in metazoan genomes. Here we show that the single base–resolution DNA methylome from adult mouse dentate neurons consists of both CpG (~75%) and CpH (~25%) methylation (H = A/C/T). Neuronal CpH methylation is conserved in human brains, enriched in regions of low CpG density, depleted at protein-DNA interaction sites and anticorrelated with gene expression. Functionally, both methylated CpGs (mCpGs) and mCpHs can repress transcription in vitro and are recognized by methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in neurons in vivo. Unlike most CpG methylation, CpH methylation is established de novo during neuronal maturation and requires DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) for active maintenance in postmitotic neurons. These characteristics of CpH methylation suggest that a substantially expanded proportion of the neuronal genome is under cytosine methylation regulation and provide a new foundation for understanding the role of this key epigenetic modification in the nervous system.
Global Linear Stability of the Two-Dimensional Shallow-Water Equations: An Application of the Distributive Theorem of Roots for Polynomials on the Unit Circle

Abstract This paper deals with the numerical stability of the linearized shallow-water dynamic and thermodynamic system using centered spatial differencing and leapfrog time differencing. The nonlinear version of the equations is commonly used in both 2D and 3D (split technique) numerical models. To establish the criteria, we employ the theorem of the root distributive theory of a polynomial proposed by Cheng (1966). The Fourier analysis or von Neumann method is applied to the linearized system to obtain a characteristic equation that is a sixth-order polynomial with complex coefficients. Thus, a series of necessary and sufficient criteria (but only necessary conditions for the corresponding nonlinear equations) are obtained by applying Cheng's theorem within the unit circle. It is suggested that the global stability should be determined by this set of criteria rather than the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) criterion alone. Each of the conditions has physical meaning: for instance, h + ζ > 0, |f| Δt < 1, a...
Stabilization of High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Pt Electrocatalyst Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Black Composite

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst supported by hybrid composite materials is prepared by well-mixing carbon black (CB) with Pt-loaded reduced graphene oxide (RGO). With the insertion of CB particles between RGO sheets, stacking of RGO can be effectively prevented, promoting diffusion of oxygen molecules through the RGO sheets and enhancing the ORR electrocatalytic activity. The accelerated durability test (ADT) demonstrates that the hybrid supporting material can dramatically enhance the durability of the catalyst and retain the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of Pt: the final ECSA of the Pt nanocrystal on the hybrid support after 20 000 ADT cycles is retained at >95%, much higher than the commercially available catalyst. We suggest that the unique 2D profile of the RGO functions as a barrier, preventing leaching of Pt into the electrolyte, and the CB in the vicinity acts as active sites to recapture/renucleate the dissolved Pt species. We furthermore demonstrate that the working mechanism can ...
Intravascular and Intracardiac Pressure Recording in Man Electrical Apparatus Compared with the Hamilton Manometer.

Summary1. The Clark Capsule, an electrical pressure pickup device, has been found satisfactory for recording blood pressures from the right heart, pulmonary artery, systemic arteries, pleural and mask pressures in man, when used with a suitable amplification and recording device.2. The tracings recorded with this apparatus compare closely with those obtained simultaneously with a Hamilton manometer system.
A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research

Objective Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is a widely used reliability index in test-retest, intrarater, and interrater reliability analyses. This article introduces the basic concept of ICC in the content of reliability analysis.
Circadian rhythms and sleep in bipolar disorder: implications for pathophysiology and treatment.

Purpose of reviewMultiple lines of evidence support the conceptualization of bipolar disorder as a disorder of circadian rhythms. Considering bipolar disorder in the framework of circadian disturbances also helps understand the clinical phenomenology pointing toward a multisystemic involvement.Recen
Mechano-Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of New Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

Mechano-chemical synthesis has been employed to prepare new light weight complex borohydrides. The precursor complex borohydrides such as NaBH4 and LiBH4 have been used since these materials posses high hydrogen storage capacity of 13.0 and 19.6 wt.%. This advanced materials based technology will meet the US-DOE grand challenge technical targets. The thermal calorimetric and gravimetric analysis of these complex borohydrides exhibits the hydrogen decomposition temperature (T dec ) of 100–150° C with theoretical capacity of ∼8.0-10.0 wt%. The catalysts (e.g. ZnCl 2 , TiFx3) doping and destabilization of the borohydride by reacting with binary hydride (MgH 2 ) reveals the enhancement of decomposition kinetics and reversible dehydrogenation-rehydrogenation behavior.
Progress in the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia

OBJECTIVE:To review the progress in the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia.METHODS:Use"cancer,cachexia,skeletal muscle wasting/atrophy,ubiquitin-proteasome pathway,autophagy-lisosomal pathway"as keywords to search for related papers between Jan.1st,2002 and Dec.31 st,2013in Pubmed and Vip database.Retrieval criteria:1)cancer;2)cachexia;3)skeletal muscle wasting/atrophy;3)UPP;4)ALP.Thirty-three papers were included.RESULTS:Skeletal muscle wasting takes place mainly through UPP and ALP in various stimuli.ALP activity is obviously increased in cancer cachexia.UPP may be activated in advanced stage.In starvation or stress,UPP and ALP may be regulated by Akt/PI3K-FoxO/mTOR.In cancer cachexia,they may both be regulated by NF-κB and p38βMAPK pathway.NF-κB up-regulates E3 stranscription,and has binding site on Beclin1 gene.SB202190down-regulates E3 sand LC3through p38 MAPK inhibition.CONCLUSIONS:Researches on the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia contribute to the development of targeted drugs and improvement of the patients prognosis.
Passion: the power of family medicine.

Argues that passion to take care of families is more the mark of the true family physician than the provision of the full range of what are normally considered family medicine services.
Factors Associated with Interest in Gene-Panel Testing and Risk Communication Preferences in Women from BRCA1/2 Negative Families

Scientific advances have allowed the development of multiplex gene-panels to assess many genes simultaneously in women who have tested negative for BRCA1/2. We examined correlates of interest in testing for genes that confer modest and moderate breast cancer risk and risk communication preferences for women from BRCA negative families. Female first-degree relatives of breast cancer patients who tested negative for BRCA1/2 mutations (N = 149) completed a survey assessing multiplex genetic testing interest and risk communication preferences. Interest in testing was high (70 %) and even higher if results could guide risk-reducing behavior changes such as taking medications (79 %). Participants preferred to receive genomic risk communications from a variety of sources including: primary care physicians (83 %), genetic counselors (78 %), printed materials (71 %) and the web (60 %). Factors that were independently associated with testing interest were: perceived lifetime risk of developing cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.67: 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.65) and high cancer worry (OR = 3.12: CI 1.28–7.60). Findings suggest that women from BRCA1/2 negative families are a unique population and may be primed for behavior change. Findings also provide guidance for clinicians who can help develop genomic risk communications, promote informed decision making and customize behavioral interventions.
Cisgendered Organizations: Trans Women and Inequality in the Workplace

This article responds to calls to better understand how intersecting “inequality regimes” operate in organizations. Through in-depth interviews with 25 white trans women about their workplace experiences, my analyses highlight how trans women navigate relational practices that are simultaneously gendered and cisgendered—that is, practices that maintain cultural connections between sex and gender and maintain gender as immutable. Findings demarcate three distinct mechanisms by which cisgenderism, a system that devalues women and trans people, operates and strengthens hierarchical privileges at work: (1) double-bind constraints; (2) fluid biases of cissexism and sexism; and (3) group practices of privilege and subordination. In the first regard, analyses reveal unique double binds that trans women face—binds that dictate contradictory feminine and masculine ideal worker expectations but also expectations of gender authenticity. Second, I find that trans women often hover between two subordinate statuses (i.e., gender and transgender status) in a given workday, a fact that prods a more fluid conception of cisgenderism. Finally, this study highlights how cis men collectively mobilize through group practices to repair cisgender system breaches. All three dimensions are critical for understanding the production of workplace inequality between not only trans women and cis men, but all feminine-identified workers.
Observation, Communication, and Recording

Observation, communication, and recording are three interlocking operations in the nursing process. They are of utmost importance to the outcome of illness for patients and to the further development of the nurse as a person who is professionally interested in improvement in services available to people. In this chapter we are concerned in identifying principles that guide these operations and promise fuller development of clinical nursing science as a force that is useful to a dynamic, changing society. Each nurse can translate principles into action in situations in which she practices.
An intraovarian mechanism that enhances the effect of an FSH surge on recovery of subordinate follicles in heifers

The effect of the future dominant follicle (DF), corpus luteum (CL), and side (left ovary [LO] and right ovary [RO]) on FSH-induced recovery (increase in diameter) of regressing subordinate follicles was studied in heifers. The DF of wave 2 and the largest subordinate follicle remained intact (controls, n = 14 heifers) or were ablated (n = 14 heifers) on a mean of 13 d postovulation when the DF was ∼10 mm (hour 0). Concentration of FSH (P < 0.0004) and diameter of subordinate follicles (P < 0.0002) decreased between hours −48 to 0 combined for the control and ablation groups. Thereafter, follicle diameter continued to decrease in the controls. Concentration of FSH increased (P < 0.05) and diameter of subordinates began to increase at hour 12 in the ablation group. Follicle-stimulating hormone increased to hour 24 and then returned to the hour 0 concentration by hour 72, completing the induced FSH surge. Concentration of LH began to increase at hour 0 in each group and at a similar rate between groups. Follicle recovery in the ablation group was compared among 8 subgroups as defined by the 2 sides and 4 intraovarian patterns (DF–CL pattern, both structures in same ovary; DF pattern, DF alone; CL pattern, CL alone; and devoid pattern, both structures absent). Follicle diameter increased (P < 0.05) between hours 24 and 48, and diameter at hours 24, 48, 72, and 96 involved a 3-way interaction (P < 0.0001) of pattern, side, and hour. The interaction was similar when diameter of the DF that originated from a recovered subordinate was either included or excluded in the analysis. Diameter of subordinate follicles in the ablation group at hour 96 was greater (P < 0.05) in the DF–CL/RO and DF/RO subgroups than that in the devoid/LO, devoid/RO, and CL/LO subgroups. The DF–CL/LO and CL/RO subgroups were intermediate. For follicles that decreased in diameter before hour 0, a greater (P < 0.05) percentage increased after hour 0 when the ovary contained a DF and was in the RO (DF–CL/RO and DF/RO subgroups) than for the remaining subgroups even after excluding the DF that originated from a subordinate. Results supported the hypotheses that (1) an induced FSH surge can stimulate the recovery of regressing subordinate follicles and (2) recovery of regressing subordinate follicles by FSH involves an intraovarian mechanism. Our interpretation is that the intraovarian mechanism that enhances the stimulatory effect of FSH on recovery of subordinate follicles was effective only in RO and only when it contained a DF.
Reply to Gagnon et al.: All color vision is more difficult in turbid water.

We appreciate Gagnon et al.’s interest (1) in our paper (2), which proposes chromatic aberration and pupil shape as a mechanism for spectral discrimination. Although Gagnon et al. (1) do state our “mechanism works in theory,” they raise two qualitative concerns regarding the potential reduction of contrast variation with focal length: spectral reflectance structure and water turbidity. The authors also suggest that the color-range ambiguity we described might be particularly challenging for benthic octopuses.
Making the continuum of care work for mothers and infants: Does gender equity matter? Findings from a quasi-experimental study in Bihar, India.

Background Improvements in continuum of care (CoC) utilization are needed to address inadequate reductions in neonatal and infant mortality in India and elsewhere. This study examines the effect of Ananya, a health system training and community outreach intervention, on reproductive, maternal and newborn health continuum of care (RMNH CoC) utilization in Bihar, India, and explores whether that effect is moderated by gender equity factors (child marriage, restricted mobility and low decision-making control). Methods A two-armed quasi-experimental design compared districts in Bihar that did/did not implement Ananya. Cross-sections of married women aged 15–49 with a 0–5 month old child were surveyed at baseline and two year follow-up (baseline n = 7191 and follow-up n = 6143; response rates 88.9% and 90.7%, respectively). Difference-in-difference analyses assessed program impact on RMNH CoC co-coverage, defined by 9 health services/behaviors for the index pregnancy (e.g., antenatal care, skin-to-skin care). Three-way interactions assessed gender equity as a moderator of Ananya’s impact. Findings Participants reported low RMNH CoC co-coverage at baseline (on average 3.2 and 3.0 of the 9 RMNH services/behaviors for Ananya and control groups, respectively). The Ananya group showed a significantly greater increase in RMNH CoC co-coverage (.41 services) compared with the control group over time (p<0.001), with the primary drivers being increases in clean cord care, skin-to-skin care and postpartum contraceptive use. Gender equity interaction analyses revealed diminished intervention effects on antenatal care, skilled birth attendance and exclusive breastfeeding for women married as minors. Conclusion Ananya improved RMNH CoC co-coverage among these recent mothers, largely through positive health behavior changes. Child marriage attenuated Ananya’s impact on utilization of key health services and behaviors. Supporting the health system with training and community outreach can be beneficial to RMNH CoC utilization; additional support is needed to adequately address the unique issues faced by women married as minors.
Medical Complications of Psychiatric Treatment: An Update

Psychiatric medications are used commonly in hospitalized patients and are particularly indicated in patients who are critically ill to manage many conditions. Due to their many indications in the intensive care unit (ICU), psychiatric medications should be closely monitored in these medically compromised patients for adverse reactions and medical complications because they may affect essentially all organ systems. These range from life-threatening reactions to other less significant effects, such as sedation, to other detrimental complications, such as pancreatitis. Knowledge of psychopharmacology as well as the diagnosis and treatment of these complications is imperative in treating patients in the ICU.
Perceptions of measles, pneumonia, and meningitis vaccines among caregivers in Shanghai, China, and the health belief model: a cross-sectional study

In China, the measles vaccine is offered for free whereas the pneumococcal vaccine is a for-fee vaccine. This difference has the potential to influence how caregivers evaluate whether a vaccine is important or necessary for their child, but it is unclear if models of health behavior, such as the Health Belief Model, reveal the same associations for different diseases. This study compares caregiver perceptions of different diseases (measles, pneumonia and meningitis); and characterizes associations between Health Belief Model constructs and both pneumococcal vaccine uptake and perceived vaccine necessity for pneumonia, measles, and meningitis. Caregivers of infants and young children between 8 months and 7 years of age from Shanghai (n = 619) completed a written survey on their perceptions of measles, pneumonia, and meningitis. We used logistic regression models to assess predictors of pneumococcal vaccine uptake and vaccine necessity. Only 25.2% of children had received a pneumococcal vaccine, although most caregivers believed that pneumonia (80.8%) and meningitis (92.4%), as well as measles (93.2%), vaccines were serious enough to warrant a vaccine. Perceived safety was strongly associated with both pneumococcal vaccine uptake and perceived vaccine necessity, and non-locals had 1.70 times higher odds of pneumonia vaccine necessity than non-locals (95% CI: 1.01, 2.88). Most factors had a similar relationship with vaccine necessity, regardless of disease, indicating a common mechanism for how Chinese caregivers decided which vaccines are necessary. Because more caregivers believed meningitis needed a vaccine than pneumonia, health care workers should emphasize pneumococcal vaccination’s ability to protect against meningitis.
NSQIP® Indexed Complications Following Transurethral Bladder Tumor Resection and Contemporary Financial Implications

AbstractIntroduction: We determined the incidence of NSQIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Project) indexed complications by tumor size and investigated the related financial implications ba...
MCNP6 updated proton-induced fission cross section calculations at intermediate energies

MCNP6 has been Validated and Verified against intermediate- and high-energy fission cross-section experimental data. Recent improvements contained in CEM03.03F and MCNP6-F to consider precompound emission of heavy clusters up to 28 Mg has necessitated a re-calculation of fission cross sections. With our re-calculation, we find that CEM03.03F, which is used in MCNP6-F, predicts fission cross sections in good agreement with available experimental data for reactions induced by protons on both subactinide and actinide nuclei at incident energies from several tens of MeV to several GeV.
An update on the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy among older adults

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy among beneficiaries of Arizona Medicare aged 65 and over. Methods An analysis of Medicare administrative claims data for 2009–2011 for the State of Arizona was conducted. Epilepsy was defined as a beneficiary who had either ≥ one claim with diagnostic code of 345.xx (epilepsy) or at least two claims with diagnosis code of 780.3x (seizure) ≥30 days apart. Stroke-related and psychiatric comorbidities were determined by diagnostic codes. Average annual prevalence and incidence were calculated and stratified by demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated as measures of effect for prevalence and incidence and the chi-square statistic was calculated to compare the proportions of epilepsy cases with and without comorbidities (alpha = 0.05). Results The overall average annual prevalence and incidence over the study period was 15.2/1000 and 6.1/1000, respectively. Relative to the 65–69 age group and White beneficiaries, the highest prevalence was observed for beneficiaries 85 years or older (19.8/1000, OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.53–1.81) and Native Americans (21.2/1000, OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.25–1.62). In contrast, the highest incidence rates were observed for beneficiaries 85 years and older (8.5/1000, OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.60–2.07) and for Black beneficiaries (8.7/1000, OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.12–1.86). The incidence rate for Native Americans was not significantly different from that for White beneficiaries (6.2/1000, OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.81–1.29). More than one quarter of all cases (25.7%) and 31% of incident cases had either stroke-related and/or psychiatric comorbidities (all p-values Conclusions Epilepsy is a significant neurological disease among Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older. Beneficiaries aged 85 and older and Black and Native Americans experienced higher rates of epilepsy than other demographic subgroups compared to White beneficiaries.