cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Declining interest in family medicine: perspectives of department heads and faculty.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In 2003, US seniors filled 42% of family practice residency positions, the lowest percentage in the specialty's recent history. We hypothesized that institutional support, contact with family medicine faculty, and faculty satisfaction would be positively related to choice of family practice and that faculty satisfaction would be negatively affected by increasing pressure for clinical productivity. METHODS We surveyed department heads and faculty at 24 US allopathic medical schools, selected by their rate of family medicine graduates from 1997 to 1999 and the size of the school. Twelve of these schools had an increase in rates of graduates selecting family practice, and 12 showed decreases. RESULTS Department heads and faculty from schools with an increase in student entry into family practice residencies were significantly more likely to report financial and philosophical support from their state legislature or medical school administration. Faculty ranked patient care as most valued at their institutions, followed by teaching, research, and service. A common theme emerging from both the faculty and department head surveys was an inverse relationship between research activity and graduates choosing family practice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of upper-level institutional support on family practice specialty choice. It also highlights a need for further examination of the specialty's relationship to research.
Development of the Bereavement Risk Inventory and Screening Questionnaire (BRISQ): Item generation and expert panel feedback.

Objective: Following the loss of a loved one to cancer, a significant subset of bereaved family members are at heightened risk for mental and physical health problems; however, these family members often “fall through the cracks” of the healthcare system. A brief, clinically useful self-report bereavement risk-screening tool could facilitate more effective identification of family members in need of psychosocial support before and after a cancer loss. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop and refine the Bereavement Risk Inventory and Screening Questionnaire (BRISQ), a self-report bereavement screening tool, and to assess its utility using feedback from bereavement experts. Method: Quantitative and qualitative feedback from a panel of 15 clinical and research experts in bereavement was obtained through an online survey to identify the most clinically useful items and understand expert opinion on bereavement screening. Results: The qualitative and quantitative feedback were synthesized, resulting in a 22% reduction of the item pool. While there was a general consensus between experts on the most clinically useful risk factors for bereavement-related mental health challenges and on the utility of screening, they also offered feedback on language and formatting that guided substantial revisions to the BRISQ. Significance of results: These findings were utilized to refine the BRISQ in preparation for a second study to obtain family member feedback on the measure. By incorporating both expert and family member feedback, the intention is to create a screening tool that represents top clinical and research knowledge in bereavement in a way that effectively addresses barriers to care.
The Role of Positive Expectancies in Risk Behavior

Abstract. Background: Alcohol use and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) appear to share a conceptual overlap in functions (e.g., tension reduction). Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for NSSI, and higher rates of alcohol use have been documented among those with NSSI history. Aims: This study examined whether NSSI-related alcohol expectancies affect relations between NSSI and alcohol use. Method: Participants were 367 college students (73% female) asked to complete an online survey about their drinking behavior and lifetime NSSI. Results: NSSI and alcohol use were highly prevalent in this sample: 56% endorsed lifetime NSSI and 74% endorsed current alcohol use. Of note, 43% (n = 147) endorsed both behaviors. Positive NSSI-related alcohol expectancies showed a significant association with lifetime NSSI. In addition, positive NSSI-related alcohol expectancies were associated with more frequent drinking behavior for individuals with a history of NSSI, particularly those who had engaged in two or m...
Abstract 93: Sestrin2 Mediates the LKB1-AMPK Signaling Cascade in the Ischemic Heart

Background: AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a pertinent stress-activated kinase shown to have substantial cardioprotective capabilities against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The regulation of AMPK in the ischemic and reperfused heart is critical to the development of new therapeutic strategies. We hypothesized that a novel stress-inducible protein, sestrin2, mediates AMPK activation in the ischemic heart. Methods and Results: C57BL/6 mice were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for different time points of ischemia and I/R in order to detect the signaling activity in the left ventricle. The kinetics of AMPK phosphorylation at Thr 172 of the α catalytic subunit appears brief and bell-shaped, peaking around 10 min (3.6-fold vs. sham, p vs. sham, p 172 ) (10 min), suggesting the interaction of LKB1 with sestrin2 initiates the phosphorylation of AMPK in this complex. Furthermore, sestrin2 knock out hearts demonstrate impaired ischemic AMPK activation and higher sensitivity to I/R-induced injury as compared to wild type hearts ( p Conclusions: Here we show for the first time evidence of a unique mechanism that sestrin2 is a stress-induced scaffold protein that mediates the activation of AMPK in the ischemic myocardium via a time-dependent interaction with LKB1. Moreover, sestrin2 deficiency leads to blunted ischemic AMPK activation and increased sensitivity to ischemic insults.
Abstract 2703: In-hospital Versus Out-of-hospital Stroke Treated With Iv Tpa And 3 Month Outcomes.

Background: Most hospitals set up Code Stroke alert teams in the Emergency Departments. Expanding sufficient Code Stroke coverage to in-hospital areas requires additional resources, often through Neuro-hospitalist teams. Most data on outcomes after stroke are based on out-of-hospital stroke. We evaluated the outcomes of patients with stroke that occurs in the hospital versus out-of-hospital. Methods: We included all adult patients with Code Stroke alerts, diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, who had 90-days post Code Stroke modified Rankin Scale from the UCSD SPOTRIAS database (2004 to 2011) and excluded patients transferred from acute care facilities. The patients were grouped into 1: out-of-hospital Code Stroke alerts (EMS or ED) and 2: in-hospital (all inpatient units) and analyzed by baseline demographics, time to treatment decision, frequency of IV tPA use, 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and adjusted for multiple co-variables. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) was defined as ≥4 point increase in NIHSS and ICH that was deemed the cause of the clinical change. Results: We identified 590 Code Stroke alerts; 563 in group 1 and 27 in group 2. Baseline demographics were balanced, except group 2 patients younger (64.26±16 vs 70.2±15.5 years of age, p=0.0497) and were more likely to be Hispanic (29.6 vs 14.2%, p=0.047). IV tPA was given in 13/27 (48.2%) patients in Group 2 and 266/563 (47.3%) in Group 1 (NS). Anticoagulation was the reason for exclusion in 4/14 (28.6%) of patients in Group 2 vs 18/266 (6.5%) (p=0.017). The frequency of other diagnoses and reasons for exclusion were similar between groups. The time from stroke onset to tPA treatment in group 2 was 135.1±57.9 vs 151.4±121.2 min (NS). A 90-day mRS of 0 or 1 was achieved in 9/27 (33.3%) patients in Group 2 and 221/563 (39.3%) patients in Group 1 (NS); in tPA treated patients: Group 2 3/13 (23.1%), Group 1 83/266 (31.2%) (NS). SICH occurred in the tPA treated patients: Group 2 1/13 (7.7%); Group 1 9/266 (3.4%) (NS). Conclusion: We identified a relatively small group of ischemic stroke patients with in-hospital onset. In those patients, however, rates of tPA use and outcomes were similar to out-of-hospital stroke.
A Crisis Theory Perspective on Rape

With the growth of the feminist movement, increasing attention and concern has been focused on the prevalence of the crime of rape and on the nature of the psychological responses of the victim. Rape is no longer viewed as a crime of passion with the victim viewed as complicit but is now seen as a crime of violence inevitably causing an emotional crisis in the life of the assaulted individual. As in other crisis states, such as those precipitated by the death of a loved one or a severe accident or illness, the rape crisis produces a complex set of emotions and symptoms that unfold in a predictable sequence within a specified period of time. Issues unique to the crisis must be resolved and integrated, or the victim will have difficulty returning to her previous level of functioning. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a crisis theory perspective for understanding the spectrum of feelings manifested by the rape victim over the months following the assault. The theme developed is that the crisis response to rape evolves in a predictable sequence similar to other crises, but with a special content specific to rape, which I call the rape work.
In situ Carbon Isotopic Exploration of an Active Submarine Volcano

Abstract The geologic and biogeochemical cycling of carbon in deep ocean environments has important implications for our understanding of the functioning of Earth systems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. To improve our ability to study the cycling and fluxes of carbon in the deep ocean, new technologies are emerging for making in situ measurements of carbon compounds over a range of environmental contexts. Within many of these deep-sea environments, fluxes of carbon compounds often occur as either venting fluids or rising gas bubbles. Key compounds of interest include methane (CH4), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) – a component of DIC. In particular, measurement of the carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of these pools can offer a better understanding of the nature of sources, fluxes, and cycling processes involving these compounds. Here we present the advancement of an in situ laser spectrometer (initially developed for measurement of δ13CCH4 only) into a sensor that can measure δ13C of both CH4 and CO2 in both deep-sea bubble plumes as well as geologic fluids. We present results of a 2014 telepresence-enabled investigation of a back arc submarine volcano (Kick’em Jenny) in the Caribbean Sea. In situ isotopic analysis of both bubbles and fluids suggest a primarily thermogenic origin for CH4 and a magmatic origin for CO2, yet highlight the occurrence of some heterogeneities indicating locally elevated contribution of organic matter to DIC fluxes.
Millimeter Wave Mobile Network with Full-Duplex Mode

To converge full-duplex and mm-wave is attractive to high spectral efficiency and huge capacity in 5G mobile networks. However, this conjunction will bring more difficulties to design mobile networks. Except for the previous problems of inter-site interference and UE-UE interference, new challenge of ultra-broadband self-interference cancellation about wider bandwidth of mm-wave band occurs. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical mobile network of FDD/TDD massive MIMO and full-duplex mm-wave communications, which has the features of beam division multiple access and filtered sub-band reuse against inter-site interference and UE-UE interference. In addition, we also give a feasible analysis and system consideration of ultra-broadband self-interference cancellation based on microwave photonics and integrated polarization based antenna.
(In)decorosa alegría: la traducción inglesa de Don Quijote por Phillips de 1687 y la función social del humor

John Phillips’s translation of Don Quijote (1687) has been considered one of the worst translations of all time, certainly the worst of Cervantes’s work. However, an analysis of the Phillips translation in the context of late seventeenth-century English culture reveals in Phillips’s work an insightful reading both of the original text and of his own context. Phillips’s text presents not merely a linguistic translation of the original work, but also a translation of the literary mechanism of Cervantes’s text, by which Phillips reproduces the use of a literary work to indirectly critique contemporary discourse and social mores.
We Stand with #Nerdland: Gatewatching and Agenda-Building by the “People Formerly Known as the Audience”

Mainstream news organizations have long held the power to control what information gets into the news, and according to what frames. Nevertheless, online publishing platforms have altered traditional gatekeeping and agenda-setting processes, permitting networked publics with greater access to the journalistic field. But to what extent does this access translate to journalistic influence? This chapter considers a controversy in cable news: the spectacle surrounding MSNBC’s cancellation of the Melissa Harris-Perry show. When considered as part of a temporal order, trends in the Twittersphere are shown to contribute to the flows and frames of news stories published by legacy and digital news organizations. Findings suggest a two-way process of networked gatekeeping and agenda-setting—top-down and bottom-up—operating at the intersection of the political and journalistic fields.
LIVING DONORS FOR RENAL TRANSPLANTATION: ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Living donor kidney transplantation occurs when a person willingly donates a kidney to a person in need. As such, it involves two values that medical ethicists look upon with great esteem: autonomy and altruism. Autonomy stands as one of the fundamental factors influencing ethical decisions. According to Beauchamp and Walters (1), the principle of autonomy can be formulated as follows: “Insofar as an autonomous agent’s actions do not infringe on the autonomous actions of others, that person should be free to perform whatever action he or she wishes (presumably even if it involves considerable risk to himself or herself and even if others consider the action to be foolish)” (1). In medical ethics, this principle demands that health care providers either respect patient wishes or have very good reasons not to do so.
Cognition and Technology

As the previous chapters emphasized, the human cognition—and the technology necessary to support it—are central to Cyber Situational Awareness. Therefore, this chapter focuses on challenges and approaches to integration of information technology and computational representations of human situation awareness. To illustrate these aspects of CSA, the chapter uses the process of intrusion detection as a key example. We argue that effective development of technologies and processes that produce CAS in a way properly aligned with human cognition calls for cognitive models—dynamic and adaptable computational representations of the cognitive structures and mechanisms involved in developing SA and processing information for decision making. While visualization and machine learning are often seen among the key approaches to enhancing CSA, we point out a number of limitations in their current state of development and applications to CSA. The current knowledge gaps in our understanding of cognitive demands in CSA include the lack of a theoretical model of cyber SA within a cognitive architecture; the decision gap, representing learning, experience and dynamic decision making in the cyberspace; and the semantic gap, addressing the construction of a common language and a set of basic concepts about which the security community can develop a shared understanding.
RADIATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE DEHUMIDIFICATTON STRATEGIES FOR HUMID CLIMATES

ABSTRACT Humidity conditions required to achieve human comfort and to control mold and mildew are briefly reviewed. If air motion and depressed radiant temperatures can provide comfort at higher dry bulb temperatures, then mold and mildew can be controlled at higher dewpoint temperatures and dehumidification loads will be greatly reduced. Several methods of dehumidification are compared. Deliberate condensation on radi-atively cooled surfaces is found to be ineffective even under idealized circumstances. Solar regenerated desiccant systems are quite promising. Ordinary vapor compression air conditioners are not efficient dehumidifiers, but their dehumidification efficiency can be increased by more than a factor of two by sensible cooling recovery heat exchangers.
Tumult unchained: the Chicago Board of Trade pits and the order of noise

By the early twentieth century, the trading floor of the Chicago Board of Trade had become notorious for the immense noise of the iconic octagonal pits in the commodity exchange. The sounds of traders shouting prices, and frenetically flashing hand signals to buy or sell, created an environment of overwhelming disorderliness. Yet, this chaotic performance was actually the product of strict regulations instituted by the Board to limit transactions to the octagonal pits only during the trading hours officially marked by a bell or gong. As a result, these limitations of architecture and sound concentrated the merchants’ activities. The flurry that came to characterise the unruliness of the Board of Trade intensified through the late nineteenth century with innovations in communication technology, and new methods of moving and storing grain that allowed unprecedented precision in predicting the market. Trading in futures transformed the global commodities market, becoming increasingly opaque and especially su...
Oil and Gas Well Brines for Dust Control on Unpaved Roads – Part 1: Ineffectiveness

Natural gas and oil drilling have expanded rapidly in the U.S in recent years. The volume of various associated waste products has been increasing. One such waste product is the typically saline water produced from the wells along with the hydrocarbons. A variety of methods are currently being employed to dispose of this oil and gas well brine (OGB). One such practice is spreading OGB on unpaved roads for dust control and road stabilization. This investigation focused on the likely effectiveness and anticipatable risks of spreading OGB on unpaved roads. Despite decades of regulated use of OGB for dust control, there appears to be a complete lack of data indicating the practice is effective. Analysis of regulations, related literature, and original data indicated spreading OGB on unpaved roads is ineffective and likely counterproductive for dust control and road stabilization as reported here in Part 1, and presents numerous potential and immediate environmental, health and economic risks as reported in Part 2 (publication pending).
Intrinsic connectivity networks in posterior cortical atrophy: A role for the pulvinar?

Abstract Background Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a clinical variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that presents with progressive visuospatial symptoms. While amnestic AD is characterized by disrupted default mode network (DMN) connectivity with corresponding increases in salience network (SN) connectivity, a visuospatial network appears to be disrupted early in PCA. Based on PCA patients' clinical features, we hypothesized that, in addition to early decreased integrity within the visuospatial network, patients with PCA would show increases in SN connectivity despite relative preservation of DMN. As the lateral pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus has direct anatomical connections with striate and extrastriate cortex and DMN, and the medial pulvinar is anatomically interconnected with SN, we further hypothesized that lateral and medial pulvinar nuclei might be implicated in intrinsic connectivity changes in PCA. Methods 26 patients with PCA and 64 matched controls were recruited through UCSF Memory and Aging Center research programs. Each completed a standardized neuropsychological battery, structural MRI, and task-free fMRI. Seed-based functional correlations were used to probe networks of interest, including those seeded by the medial and lateral pulvinar thalamic nuclei, across the whole brain, and functional data analyses were adjusted for brain atrophy. Results Patients with PCA showed disproportionate deficits in the visuospatial domain; they also showed preserved social sensitivity and endorsed more depressive symptoms than HCs. PCA patients had significant parietooccipital atrophy accompanied by widespread connectivity decreases within the visuospatial network, enhanced connectivity between some structures in SN, and enhanced connectivity between key nodes of the DMN compared to controls. Increased SN connectivity correlated with a measure of social sensitivity, and increased DMN connectivity correlated with short-term memory performance. Medial pulvinar connectivity increases in PCA were topographically similar to SN (anterior insula) connectivity increases, while lateral pulvinar connectivity increases were similar to DMN (posterior cingulate) connectivity increases. Conclusions PCA is characterized by preserved to heightened connectivity in the SN and DMN despite decreased visuospatial network connectivity. The spatial similarity of medial and lateral pulvinar connectivity changes to those seen in the SN and DMN suggests a role for the pulvinar in intrinsic connectivity network changes in PCA.
Outcomes of a novel office-based opioid treatment program in an internal medicine resident continuity practice.

The integration of opioid use disorder (OUD) care and competencies in graduate medical education training is needed. Previous research shows improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and practices after exposure to OUD care. Few studies report outcomes for patients with OUD in resident physician continuity practices. A novel internal office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) program was initiated in a resident continuity clinic. Surveys of resident and staff knowledge and attitudes of OBOT were administered at baseline and 4 months. A retrospective chart review of the 15-month OBOT clinic obtained patient characteristics and outcomes. Twelve patients with OUD were seen in the OBOT clinic. Seven patients (58%) were retained in care at the end of the study period for a range of 9–15 months. Eight patients demonstrated a good clinical response. Surveys of residents and staff at 4 months were unchanged from baseline showing persistent lack of comfort in caring for patients with OUD. OBOT can be successfully integrated into resident continuity practices with positive patient outcomes. Improvement in resident and staff attitudes toward OBOT were not observed and likely require direct and frequent exposure to OUD care to increase acceptance.
Four Principles of Explainable AI as Applied to Biometrics and Facial Forensic Algorithms

Traditionally, researchers in automatic face recognition and biometric technologies have focused on developing accurate algorithms. With this technology being integrated into operational systems, engineers and scientists are being asked, do these systems meet societal norms? The origin of this line of inquiry is `trust' of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. In this paper, we concentrate on adapting explainable AI to face recognition and biometrics, and we present four principles of explainable AI to face recognition and biometrics. The principles are illustrated by $\it{four}$ case studies, which show the challenges and issues in developing algorithms that can produce explanations.
A Low-Power, High-Linearity Wideband 3.25 GS/s Fourth-Order Programmable Analog FIR Filter Using Split-CDAC Coefficient Multipliers

This article presents a 3.25 GS/s fourth-order programmable analog finite impulse response (AFIR) filter for flexible discrete time analog signal processing (DT-ASP). For wide application of the proposed AFIR filter, it is designed for full bandwidth utilization up to the Nyquist rate, programmable via the multiplier coefficient set. In this implementation of the FIR function, split-capacitive DACs (split CDACs) are adopted as coefficient multipliers, providing high-linearity over the full frequency range and low power consumption. Individual coefficients are digitally controlled with total 7-bit codes, consisting of 6-bit fractional value, and 1-bit for sign selection. The addition is simply implemented in the current-domain. Noise and effects of the time-interleaved operation are analyzed to understand limitations on the dynamic range. The proposed AFIR filter is implemented in 32-nm SOI CMOS technology; the core area of the circuit is 0.1 mm2. Measurement results demonstrate transfer function configurability over all possible low pass filter (LPF), bandpass filter (BPF), and high pass filter (HPF) linear phase coefficient sets. The AFIR filter achieves > 11-dBm third-order input intercept point (IIP3) over the full frequency range with a 0.9-V supply. The maximum power consumption is 10.6 mW.
Evaluating Cover Crops for Benefits, Costs and Performance within Cropping System Niches

The integration of cover crops into cropping systems brings costs and benefits, both internal and external to the farm. Benefits include promoting pest-suppression, soil and water quality, nutrient cycling efficiency, and cash crop productivity. Costs of adopting cover crops include increased direct costs, potentially reduced income if cover crops interfere with other attractive crops, slow soil warming, difficulties in predicting N mineralization, and production expenses. Cover crop benefits tend to be higher in irrigated systems. The literature is reviewed here along with Michigan farmer experience to evaluate promising cover crop species for four niches: Northern winter (USDA Hardiness Zones 5-6), Northern summer (Zones 5-6), Southern winter (Zones 7-8), and Southern summer (Zones 7-8). Warm season C 4 grasses are outstanding performers for summer niches (6-9 Mg ha -1 ), and rye (Secale cereale L.) is the most promising for winter niches (0.8-6 Mg ha -1 ) across all hardiness zones reviewed. Legume-cereal mixtures such as sudangrass (Sorghum sudanese L.)-cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) are the most effective means to produce substantial amounts (28 Mg ha -1 ) of mixed quality residues. Legume covers are slow growers and expensive to establish. At the same time, legumes fix N, produce high quality but limited amounts (0.5-4 Mg ha -1 ) of residues, and enhance beneficial insect habitat. Brassica species produce glucosinolate-containing residues (2-6 Mg ha -1 ) and suppress plant-parasitic nematodes and soil-borne disease. Legume cover crops are the most reliable means to enhance cash crop yields compared with fallows or other cover crop species. However, farmer goals and circumstances must be considered. If soil pests are a major yield limiting factor in cash crop production, then use of brassica cover crops should be considered. Cereal cover crops produce the largest amount of biomass and should be considered when the goal is to rapidly build soil organic matter. Legume-cereal or brassica-cereal mixtures show promise over a wide range of niches.
Development of a Markov chain based tool for studying effectiveness of Vendor Managed Inventory and result analysis from a pilot study

Vendor Managed Inventory is looked upon as a reliable method for inventory management. There is still a scope for improving the process. In this work, we presented a report on the pilot setting and its testing for Vendor Managed Inventory in an auto parts manufacturing company in Northern India. The pilot study was conducted by switching supplies of six components of an assembly from conventional to VMI mode. The switch was carried out in January 2018 and a time series plotting of five performance indicators nine months prior to and nine months after the switch was done and analysed. Further, transition probabilities of inventory performance index were estimated based upon the correlations with four most influential performance indicators. Sixteen state switching scenarios were modelled and Markov chain analysis of Inventory Performance Index for two of them was carried out to test the VMI performance.
Alley cropping as an alternative under changing climate and risk scenarios: A Monte-Carlo simulation approach

Abstract Alley cropping is an agroforestry system in which annual crops are grown in alleys between rows of woody perennials for timber or other products, which can provide ecosystem services and help farmers diversify outputs. But is alley cropping a financially viable alternative to monocropping? To answer this question, a Monte Carlo model of financial risk and returns was used to understand how this diversification of outputs might help farmers in the southeast United States adapt to future scenarios in which agriculture or forestry may become more risky due to a changing climate or other factors. Traditional monocropping had the highest mean returns in the base scenario (based on current risk conditions), but the highest risk. Pine plantations had the lowest returns and lowest risk, and alley cropping was intermediate (mean soil expectation values of $5513 for monocropping, $3955 for alley cropping, and $2693 for pine plantations). The model results showed that traditional monocropping does not stochastically dominate alley cropping in any of the risk scenarios, meaning that alley cropping may have a place for risk-averse farmers. Furthermore, in the scenario in which the downside risk of annual crop production is increased – perhaps due to increased frequency of floods, droughts, etc. – alley cropping mean returns are higher and risk lower than traditional monocropping (mean soil expectation values of $2951 and $2911, respectively, and pine plantations at $2688), meaning any risk averse farmer might prefer alley cropping to monocropping.
StreamQL: a query language for processing streaming time series

Real-time data analysis applications increasingly rely on complex streaming computations over time-series data. We propose StreamQL, a language that facilitates the high-level specification of complex analyses over streaming time series. StreamQL is designed as an algebra of stream transformations and provides a collection of combinators for composing them. It integrates three language-based approaches for data stream processing: relational queries, dataflow composition, and temporal formalisms. The relational constructs are useful for specifying simple transformations, aggregations, and the partitioning of data into key-based groups or windows. The dataflow abstractions enable the modular description of a computation as a pipeline of stages or, more generally, as a directed graph of independent tasks. Finally, temporal constructs can be used to specify complex temporal patterns and time-varying computations. These constructs can be composed freely to describe complex streaming computations. We provide a formal denotational semantics for StreamQL using a class of monotone functions over streams. We have implemented StreamQL as a lightweight Java library, which we use to experimentally evaluate our approach. The experiments show that the throughput of our implementation is competitive compared to state-of-the-art streaming engines such as RxJava and Reactor.
Impact of Different Exercise Modalities on the Human Gut Microbiome

In this study we examined changes to the human gut microbiome resulting from an eight-week intervention of either cardiorespiratory exercise (CRE) or resistance training exercise (RTE). Twenty-eight subjects (21 F; aged 18-26) were recruited for our CRE study and 28 subjects (17 F; aged 18-33) were recruited for our RTE study. Fecal samples for gut microbiome profiling were collected twice weekly during the pre-intervention phase (three weeks), intervention phase (eight weeks), and post-intervention phase (three weeks). Pre/post VO2max, three repetition maximum (3RM), and body composition measurements were conducted. Heart rate ranges for CRE were determined by subjects' initial VO2max test. RTE weight ranges were established by subjects' initial 3RM testing for squat, bench press, and bent-over row. Gut microbiota were profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiome sequence data were analyzed with QIIME 2. CRE resulted in initial changes to the gut microbiome which were not sustained through or after the intervention period, while RTE resulted in no detectable changes to the gut microbiota. For both CRE and RTE, we observe some evidence that the baseline microbiome composition may be predictive of exercise gains. This work suggests that the human gut microbiome can change in response to a new exercise program, but the type of exercise likely impacts whether a change occurs. The changes observed in our CRE intervention resemble a disturbance to the microbiome, where an initial shift is observed followed by a return to the baseline state. More work is needed to understand how sustained changes to the microbiome occur, resulting in differences that have been reported in cross sectional studies of athletes and non-athletes.
Interventions Within the Scope of Occupational Therapy to Improve Activities of Daily Living, Rest, and Sleep in People With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Importance People with Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly experience difficulty in performing activities of daily living (ADLs), which affects their perceived quality of life. Objective To examine the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy to improve performance and participation in ADLs, rest, and sleep in adults with PD. Data sources Databases searched were MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, OTseeker, and Cochrane Collection. Included articles were published between January 2011 and December 2018. Study Selection and Data Collection: Articles describing Level 1b, 2b, and 3b studies that examined outcomes related to ADLs, rest, and sleep in people with PD were included following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Findings Forty-five articles (10 Level 1b, 27 Level 2b, and 8 Level 3b) met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions and relevance Strong strength of evidence was found to support inpatient multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT) to improve ADLs, and moderate strength of evidence that MIRT improves sleep performance. Low strength of evidence was present for outpatient occupational therapy to improve ADL and sleep outcomes. Low strength of evidence was found for resistance exercise programs to improve ADLs, but moderate strength of evidence indicates that multimodal exercise programs and targeted exercise programs can improve ADLs. Low to moderate strength of evidence suggested that alternative therapies and cognitive-behavioral therapy have a positive impact on ADLs and sleep. These results can be used to inform evidence-based occupational therapy practice. What This Article Adds: This article provides information for practitioners on the effectiveness of interventions within the scope of occupational therapy practice to improve ADLs and sleep.
Abstract 15079: Equitable Access to MHealth Through a Smartphone Loaner Program in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Mobile health (mHealth) is expanding as a healthcare delivery tool but depends on patients’ existing ownership of technology, which could create inequity. We faced this challenge in d...
On the competitive ratio of the random sampling auction

We give a simple analysis of the competitive ratio of the random sampling auction from [10]. The random sampling auction was first shown to be worst-case competitive in [9] (with a bound of 7600 on its competitive ratio); our analysis improves the bound to 15. In support of the conjecture that random sampling auction is in fact 4-competitive, we show that on the equal revenue input, where any sale price gives the same revenue, random sampling is exactly a factor of four from optimal.
Seasonal controls on stream chemical export across diverse coastal watersheds in the USA

The current study focuses on understanding key factors controlling geochemical export in eight diverse coastal watersheds at seasonal and annual time scales. Geochemical, atmospheric and hydrologic data across a range of hydro-climatic regimes and varying land uses were investigated and relationships analysed. A hyperbolic dilution model was fitted for each watershed system to evaluate discharge–concentration relationships. Nitrate concentration effects were observed in watersheds exposed to high atmospheric deposition rates as well as agricultural watersheds, whereas urban watersheds showed nitrate dilution effects. Dilution patterns were observed for calcium, magnesium and sulfate for almost all watersheds. Seasonal loads for almost all constituents were noted to be mainly driven by hydrologic seasonality, but are also dependent on inputs (atmospheric deposition and land use sources). Understanding the primary controls on hydro-chemical interactions is critical for developing and refining predictive water quality models, especially in coastal watersheds where sensitive downstream ecosystems act as receiving waters for upstream pollutant loads. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behaviorally Informed Home Mortgage Regulation

Choosing a mortgage is one of the biggest financial decisions an American consumer will make. Yet it can be a complicated one, especially in today's environment where mortgages vary in dimensions and unique features. This complexity has raised regulatory issues. Should some features be regulated? Should product disclosure be regulated? And most basic of all, is there a rationale for regulation or will the market solve the problem? Current regulation of home mortgages is largely stuck in two competing models of regulation - disclosure and usury or product restrictions - neither of which take adequate account of behavioral psychology or market incentives. This paper seeks to use insights from both psychology and economics to provide a framework for understanding both these models as well as to suggest fundamentally new models. We understand outcomes as an equilibrium interaction between individuals with specific psychologies and firms that respond to those psychologies within specific markets. Regulation must then account for failures in this equilibrium.
Discovery of a unique starch degradation system in the thermophilic red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae (769.18)

Starch is a key component in many aspects of daily life, including nutrition, biofuel production, and industrial processing: 50-80% of daily caloric intake comes from starch; >20% of corn starch produced in the U.S. is converted to ethanol; and starch is a cheap and renewable industrial feedstock for producing paper, textiles, adhesives, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Starch is comprised of glucose chains that intertwine into double helices that pack together to make starch insoluble and inaccessible to most enzymes, including the amylases that release its energy cache. Starch-based feedstocks are generated by modifying starch using physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods. Physical modifications include cyclic heating/cooling between 50°C and >100°C. The addition of acids and bases to this process both catalyzes glucan chain hydrolysis and converts insoluble starch to a structure that improves accessibility of glucan chains to amylases. Alternatively, plants utilize an orchestrated reversible phosphoryl...
Metoprolol improves survival in severe traumatic brain injury independent of heart rate control.

Abstract Background Multiple prior studies have suggested an association between survival and beta-blocker administration in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it is unknown whether this benefit of beta-blockers is dependent on heart rate control. The aim of this study was to assess whether rate control affects survival in patients receiving metoprolol with severe TBI. Our hypothesis was that improved survival from beta-blockade would be associated with a reduction in heart rate. Methods We performed a 7-y retrospective analysis of all blunt TBI patients at a level-1 trauma center. Patients aged >16 y with head abbreviated injury scale 4 or 5, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from the operating room or emergency room (ER), were included. Patients were stratified into two groups: metoprolol and no beta-blockers. Using propensity score matching, we matched the patients in two groups in a 1:1 ratio controlling for age, gender, race, admission vital signs, Glasgow coma scale, injury severity score, mean heart rate monitored during ICU admission, and standard deviation of heart rate during the ICU admission. Our primary outcome measure was mortality. Results A total of 914 patients met our inclusion criteria, of whom 189 received beta-blockers. A propensity-matched cohort of 356 patients (178: metoprolol and 178: no beta-blockers) was created. Patients receiving metoprolol had higher survival than those patients who did not receive beta-blockers (78% versus 68%; P = 0.04); however, there was no difference in the mean heart rate (89.9 ± 13.9 versus 89.9 ± 15; P = 0.99). Nor was there a difference in the mean of standard deviation of the heart rates (14.7 ± 6.3 versus 14.4 ± 6.5; P = 0.65) between the two groups. In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, patients who received metoprolol had a survival advantage (P = 0.011) compared with patients who did not receive any beta-blockers. Conclusions Our study shows an association with improved survival in patients with severe TBI receiving metoprolol, and this effect appears to be independent of any reduction in heart rate. We suggest that beta-blockers should be administered to all severe TBI patients irregardless of any perceived beta-blockade effect on heart rate.
Lichenometric and Radiocarbon Dating of Holocene Glaciation, Cordillera Blanca, Perú

hfeasurements of Rliizocurpoii subgenus Rliizocurpo!r thalli on moraines the ages of which are constrained by six radiocarbon dates. two pre-Colombian structures. and one historically-dated , flood dep6sit indicate that lichenometry can be used to estimate the age of stabilization of glacial deposits that date to the last c. 7 ka on the west side of the Cordillera Blanca. Perlj (8°40'-9040'S; 77"00'-77°40'W). The preliminary growth curve for subgenus Rtiizocurpan resembles those derived for alpine areas in Alaska and Colorado, and can be subdivided into an initial. rapid phase of growth (c. 0.4 mm yr-') that lasts c. 100 years, a c. 500- to 1000-year-long phase of decelerating growth. and a period of slow linear growth (0.016 mm yr-') that commences after c. loo0 years. Size clustering of subgenus RIiizocurpoir thalli supports a four-fold subdivision of cirque moraines at altitudes between 4200 and 4650 m. The oldest moraines stabilized between c. 7000 and 6OOO BP, and the three younger groups between c. 3350 and 1600 BP, between c. 1250 and 400 BP. and within the last 100 years. This subdivision is supported by limiting radiocarbon dates from the Cordillera Blanca and from several cordilleras in southern Peni, and indicates that the Holocene glacial chronology of the Cordillera Blanca is the most complete heretofore recognized in the tropical Andes.
Dichlorido{[(diphenyl­phosphino)meth­yl]bis­(2-methyl­phen­yl)phosphine-κ2P,P′}palladium(II)

In the title compound, [PdCl2(C27H26P2)] or PdCl2[(C6H5)2PCH2P(C6H4CH3)2], the palladium center has a distorted square-planar geometry. There are two crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angle between the PdP2 and PdCl2 planes is 2.95 (4)° in one independent mol­ecule and 5.15 (4)° in the other. The P—Pd—P and P—C—P bond angles are significantly distorted because of the small bite angle of the chelating (bis­phosphino)methane ligand. The steric demands of the substituted rings in the mixed ligand cause a slight elongation of the Pd—P(C6H4CH3)2 bond relative to the Pd—P(C6H5)2 bond. In one molecule the tolyl ring shows positional disorder in a 0.58 (2):0.42 (2) ratio, in the other molecule the phenyl ring shows positional disorder in a 0.838 (9):0.162 (9) ratio.
Actinomycetales from corn.

Mesophilic Actinomycetales were isolated from whole corn, brewers grits, and break flour received from three different mills. In addition, strains were isolated from high-moisture (27 per cent) field corn; high-moisture, silo-stored corn (untreated); and high-moisture corn treated with ammonia, ammonium isobutyrate, or propionic-acetic acid. According to standard techniques, 139 strains were extensively characterized and 207 additional strains were partially characterized. On the basis of these characterizations, the streptomycete strains were identified by both the systems of Pridham et al. and Hutter because these systems are rapid and accurate. In general, only Streptomyces griseus (Krainsky) Waksman and Henrici was isolated from high-moisture whole corn (treated or untreated) except from grain exposed to ammonium isobutyrate. Strains isolated from high-moisture corn subjected to that treatment represented both S. griseus and S. albus (Rossi Doria) Waksman and Henrici. The strains isolated from corn and corn products from the three mills were identified with a number of streptomycete species. Of all Actinomycetales isolated, only three were not streptomycetes--two from brewer's grits and one from break flour.
Effect of pentagastrin on gastric mucosal cells grown in tissue culture.

Abstract Numerous studies have shown that chronic administration of pentagastrin leads to parietal cell hyperplasia in the rat. This indicates that gastrin may have a proliferative as well as a secretory effect on gastric mucosa. Primary explants of rat and human gastric mucosa from the oxyntic gland region were cultured in T flasks. The cultures were not disturbed until outgrowth of fibroblasts and epithelial cells had occurred. This latent period lasted approximately 7 days. Either pentagastrin (to a concentration of 0.5 μg per ml) or an equal volume of saline was then added daily to the cultures and subsequent subcultures. Control (saline) cultures showed rapid growth of fibroblasts and ultimate loss of epithelial cells. Fibroblastic outgrowth was inhibited and epithelial cell proliferation was stimulated in the cultures receiving pentagastrin. At confluence the mitotic index of subcultures treated with pentagastrin was more than twice that of the control cultures. Total protein of subcultures receiving pentagastrin was twice that present in saline-treated subcultures which had been started with an equal amount of inoculum and otherwise identical to the pentagastrin-treat ed flasks. Electron microscopic observations have defined a primitive epithelial populace in the pentagastrin-treat ed cultures presenting as a composite of the anatomical features seen in the differentiated gastric mucosal cell flora. The results imply that gastrin has a direct proliferative effect on gastric mucosal epithelium.
Potential production and detoxification of penicillic acid in mold-fermented sausage (salami).

Abstract About 10% of 346 Penicillium cultures isolated from mold-fermented sausage synthesized the toxic metabolite penicillic acid on liquid media. Five of these producing cultures inoculated onto sausage failed to produce this toxin in up to 70 days of ripening. Several amino acids normally occurring in meat (cysteine, glutathione, arginine, histidine, and lysine) were found capable of readily reacting with penicillic acid. The adducts formed by the reaction between cysteine or glutathione with penicillic acid were identified and found to be non-toxic to mice, quails, and in the rabbit skin test but exhibited toxicity to the chick embryo. Hypotheses accounting for this residual toxicity are advanced.