cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Large Area Fishnet Optical Metamaterial Structures Operational at Near-IR Wavelengths

In this paper, we demonstrate a fabrication process for large area (2 mm × 2 mm) fishnet metamaterial structures for near IR wavelengths. This process involves: (a) defining a sacrificial Si template structure onto a quartz wafer using deep-UV lithography and a dry etching process (b) deposition of a stack of Au-SiO₂-Au layers and (c) a 'lift-off' process which removes the sacrificial template structure to yield the fishnet structure. The fabrication steps in this process are compatible with today's CMOS technology making it eminently well suited for batch fabrication. Also, depending on area of the exposure mask available for patterning the template structure, this fabrication process can potentially lead to optical metamaterials spanning across wafer-size areas.
Impact of gypsy moth infestation on forest succession in the North Carolina Piedmont: A simulation study

Abstract A computer simulation model was developed to examine the long term impact of a hypothetical gypsy moth infestation on forest dynamics in the North Carolina Piedmont. The forest growth submodel is based on Johnson's (1977) model of forest succession on the Piedmont and considers both managed and unmanaged forests. This submodel consists of 36 state variables: 12 forests types (e.g., loblolly pine-oak, water oak-gum, virginia pine, etc.) each with three size classes (seedling-saplings, pole-timber, and saw-timber). The gypsy moth submodel simulates population dynamics on a 1-ha basis and includes models of dispersal, development, consumption, reproduction, and mortality. Results from the simulations indicate forest composition is an important determinant of the number, magnitude, and duration of gypsy moth outbreaks. The usefulness and potential modifications of the model for use as a tool in examining this inevitable ecological perturbation on the North Carolina Piedmont are discussed.
Case reports of olanzapine treatment of anorexia nervosa

Two females with severe anorexia nervosa were treated with olanzapine in open trials. Olanzapine was tried because it has caused weight gain in other patient groups. Both anorexic patients had a chronic illness and had failed multiple other treatments. Olanzapine administration was associated with weight gain and maintenance as well as reduced agitation and resistance to treatment. These case histories support further exploration of this class of drugs in anorexia nervosa.
Surface-induced morphology and free-energy pathways in breakup of a nematic liquid crystalline cylinder

We compute the surface-induced morphology and the free-energy pathways as a cylindrical liquid crystalline filament with preferred homeotropic (orthogonal) interface orientation passes through a sequence of growing sinusoidal perturbations and breaks up into droplets. Liquid crystalline morphology is determined using a simulated annealing algorithm [R. K. Goyal and M. M. Denn, Phys. Rev. E, 75, 021704 (2007)] to minimize the Oseen-Frank free energy. A first-order morphological transition with a finite energy barrier is required when the perturbation amplitude exceeds a critical value, and it is possible that progress towards breakup will be kinetically trapped in a varicose cylindrical shape. This result may be related to the apparent kinetic trapping of dispersed nematic 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile in a gel state reported by Inn and Denn [J. Rheol., 49, 887 (2005)].
Expectation Effects in Organizational Change.

Albert S. King The experiment reported here was conducted at four plants owned by the same company during a 12-month period. Managers were given artificial reports about previous findings obtained in implementing job enlargement and job rotation programs. Led to expect higher productivity as a result of these organizational innovations, the managers increased their plant output during the experiment period.
The generalization of an R-S* expectancy in discrimination learning

Two groups of rats were trained in a horizontal-vertical discrimination in a modified Grice box after either 100% or 50% reinforcement for 200 jumps to a single gray stimulus. A control group received only the discrimination. Animals receiving 100% reinforcement in the jumping situation discriminated more quickly than did the controls or those receiving 50%. Results supported those of Purdy and Cross (1979) and strengthened the case for R-S* expectancy learning (Bolles, 1972, 1975). Additionally, these data indicate that R-S* learning can generalize.
Electrodeposition of silicon carbide

Abstract Thin layers of SiC were electrodeposited from Li 2 CO 3 SiO 2 melts onto α-SiC substrates at 1000°–1050°C using potential differences around −0.5V versus polycrystalline SiC anodes. The layers appear to be epitaxial. Although conditions were found under which the melt exhibited good long term stability, attempts to grow bulk SiC crystals were handicapped by the delamination of the seed crystals.
Inhibition of TCR/CD3‐mediated signaling by a mutant of the hematopoietically expressed G16 GTP‐binding protein

We have investigated the role of the hematopoietically expressed G16 GTP-binding protein on T cell activation. We constructed transfectants of Jurkat T cells that express a function-deficient mutant of G alpha 16 predicted to prevent activation of this G protein. Upon stimulation with anti-CD3 epsilon antibodies, mutant G alpha 16 transfectants display a profound defect in the production of IL-2 and IL-10, as well as in the expression of CD69. In contrast, the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced IL-10 production and CD69 expression, and the ionomycin plus PMA-induced IL-2 production are not affected. Consistent with the reduction in cytokine production is the inhibition of early signaling events in the mutant G alpha 16-expressing cells. There are significant reductions in anti-epsilon-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of zeta, epsilon, ZAP-70, and phospholipase C gamma 1, as well as in intracellular Ca2+; mobilization. In accordance with the effects on tyrosine phosphorylation is the reduction of TCR/CD3-mediated Fyn and Lck activities in G alpha 16 mutant cells. Even though the mechanism through which the G alpha 16 mutant mediates inhibition of T cell activation is not known, the data suggest a model where G proteins become activated upon TCR/CD3 engagement and regulate the activation of tyrosine kinases and subsequent downstream signaling events that lead to the activation of cytokine genes.
Estranged Familiars: A Deweyan Approach to Philosophy and Qualitative Research

This essay argues that philosophy can be combined with qualitative research without sacrificing the aims of either approach. Philosophers and qualitative researchers have articulated and supported the idea that human meaning-constructions are appropriately grasped through close attention to “consequences incurred in action,” in Dewey’s words. Furthermore, scholarship in both domains explores alternative possibilities to familiar constructions of meaning. The essay explains by means of a concrete example the approach I took to hybridizing these approaches. It describes an ethnographic and philosophical study of how children made meaning of justice and solidarity through their practice of democratic citizenship in an extracurricular program called Village. At Village, children built and ran a miniature town. Their actions and conversations around the political challenges that inevitably arose exemplify meaning-making of ideals in response to actual problems. The meaning of solidarity and justice for these children emerged through the consequences of previous and present actions they took in communication with others. This essay details the methods I used for designing the study, collecting data, and analyzing my findings.
The constant‐volume heat capacity of gaseous tetrafluoromethane

Up to the present time there does not appear to have been any calorimetric measurements of the heat capacity of gaseous tetrafluoromethane. Consequently this compound has been included in a continuing program of study of the constant-volume heat capacity Cv of gases at the University of Michigan. The equipment for making these measurements consists primarily of an 8-in. diameter thin-wall stainless-steel sphere mounted in an evacuated chamber with a heat shield surrounding the sphere. The sphere is equipped with a platinum heating coil, which doubles as a resistance thermometer, and a small motor-driven fan that circulates the charge of gas inside the sphere. Complete details are described elsewhere (4, 7, 9 ) , and only the calibration procedure with tetrafluoromethane is covered here.
Paramagnetic Dispersion Measurements at 77.3°K

The dispersion of the magnetic susceptibility of some paramagnetic compounds of Fe, Mn, and Cr, was studied at 77.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K over a frequency range of 2 to 10 megacycles/sec. with magnetic fields up to 60,000 gauss. The results substantiate the theory of Casimir and du Pre, which is based upon the thermal coupling between the magnetic spin system and the lattice vibrations. The magnitude of the crystalline field splitting of the energy levels of the ground state was determined from the experimental results, for an assumed type of crystalline field and ionic arrangement. The splitting of chromic ammonium alum was found to differ from that of chromic potassium alum. The relaxation time for ferric ammonium alum was studied as a function of the magnetic field, and was found to fit an empirical formula which is based upon the theoretical conclusions of Van Vleck.
A Study of the Effects of Gas Impurities in Fluorescent Lamps

Some of the commoner gases have been leaked into operating fluorescent lamps at rates of 1 to 80 liter microns (Lμ) per hour and their effects on voltage, appearance, and light output studied. Oxygen combines very rapidly with the mercury, near the point of inlet, and gives a yellowish deposit. Hydrogen is cleaned up to a slight extent only and markedly raises the voltage. The other gases that have been studied have intermediate rates of clean‐up. Carbon dioxide produces a deposit which resembles that in the case of oxygen, but has a grayish component which is not so localized. Carbon monoxide produces a fairly extended, grayish deposit which has a curiously sharp and shifting boundary. Nitrogen produces a brownish deposit which tends to migrate to the cooler regions of the tube and, if in appreciable concentrations it is exploded by the discharge. Acetylene produces a dark deposit which is also explosive. Ethylene produces a marked "spiraling" of the discharge but finally cleans up, lowering the brightness more or less uniformly all over. Water vapor was only very slightly cleaned up but otherwise behaved very much like hydrogen. The rate of intake of gas which can be cleaned up without appreciable effect on voltage varies from only 1 or 2 Lμ/hr. or less for hydrogen or water vapor, to 75 Lμ/hr. or more for oxygen. In the cases of O2, , and CO, at least, the reaction goes on until all of the Hg has been used up in combination. Total amounts of these gases introduced into the lamps are of the order of 1 to 3 mm., depending on the original Hg dosage.
Remarks on the implementation of Gauss's law in the A 0 = 0 gauge

A naive implementation of the residual gauge invariance of (continuum) QED in the A = 0 gauge leads to charged-particle nonpropagation in space. It is shown that the Ward-Takahashi identities leading to this result are false. Rather, Gauss's law supplants these false identities, and implies that it is only the longitudinal modes of the Maxwell field that are rendered immobile by gauge invariance. Analogous results are conjectured to hold in quantum chromodynamics.
Pharmacologic modulation in vitro of human histamine-induced suppressor cell activity.

Abstract Various metabolic inhibitors and agents which increase intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels were investigated for their effects on the generation of suppressor cells in a co-culture system. Human blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were stimulated with histamine (10−3 – 10−5M) for 24 h in the absence or presence of other agents, washed, co-cultured with lectin-stimulated autologous MNC and suppression of 3H-thymidine uptake was measured. The generation of histamine-induced suppressor cells was shown to require active cellular metabolism since inhibitors of transcription (1 μg ml−1 actinomycin D), translation (5 μg ml−1 puromycin and 1 μg ml−1 cycloheximide), oxidative phosphorylation (10−2 sodium azide) and glycolysis (10−2M 2-deoxyglucose) significantly reduced their activity. Inhibitors of cytoskeletal function such as cytochalasin B (5 μg ml−1) and colchicine (3 × 10−5M) also markedly reduced suppressor activity. There was no apparent requirement for DNA synthesis in the generation of suppressor cells since treatment of MNC with mitomycin C (50 μg ml−1) had no effect on suppression. Incubation of MNC with cAMP-elevating agents (10−3M dibuteryl cAMP and 3 × 10−5M papaverine) for 2 h resulted in augmented suppressor activity while longer incubations (24 h) resulted in reduced function. Incubation (2 – 24 h) of MNC with cGMP-elevating agents (10−3M dibuteryl cGMP and 10−5M imidazole) had no effect on suppressor cell activity. These agents may interfere with critical lymphocyte - macrophage interactions (lymphokine/monokine synthesis and/or secretion) that are required for intact suppressor responses.
Software release optimization for a non-kalman filter SRGM

The optimality of the one-bug-look-ahead (OLA) software release policy proposed in Morali, N. and Soyer, R. (2003) for a non- Kalman filter type of software reliability growth model (SRGM) is disproved in Jiang, X., et al., (2007). The remaining question - what is the optimal policy - is answered in this paper. It turns out that the optimal policy has a control-limit structure similar to OLA, but is not as impatient. A key step in the research is the identification of a Markov structure implied in the Bayesian updating mechanism which in turn reduces the optimal stopping formulation to an easily solvable Markov decision problem. A numerical example based on the NTDS data is included for illustration.
Thoracic Aorta to Popliteal Artery Bypass for Bilateral Lower-Extremity Critical Limb Ischemia

Thoracic aortic to infrainguinal arterial bypasses are rare in the literature, even more so when the outflow is the popliteal artery bilaterally. The case of a patient presenting with critical limb ischemia, chronic infrarenal aortic occlusion, and recurrent thrombosis of a unilateral axillobifemoral graft managed with thoracoretroperitoneal bitransobturator bipopliteal bypass is presented. The patient’s vascular history was significant for multiple previous groin procedures for thrombectomy of her axillobifemoral graft, aortomesenteric bypass, redo aortomesenteric bypass for graft thrombosis, and multiple bowel resection procedures for acute mesenteric ischemia. The thoracic aorta and popliteal arteries were selected as sites for proximal and distal anastomoses, respectively, given anticipated difficulty in exposing the supraceliac aorta and femoral arteries. The technique of this operative approach is discussed.
Managed Care and Physician Referral

In the era of managed care, fundamental changes are occurring in the American health care system that are altering physician referral patterns. Faced with higher premiums that erode profits and competitiveness, employers, government, and nonprofit agencies are contracting with managed care organizations, which control costs partly by imposing constraints and incentives on physician referral behavior. As more and more Americans are covered by managed care plans, it becomes more important to understand how managed care organizations control access to specialists and how these controls affect health outcomes. The authors present a model defining the expected influence of managed care on physician referral based on social exchange theory and the empirical literature. They conclude with a discussion of the future research implications of the model.
Radiation therapy as initial treatment for early stage cancer of the breast wiithout mastectomy

This report describes 150 patients with clinical stage I and II carcinoma of the breast treated at four institutions--Yale University School of Medicine, Harvard Medical School-Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Hahnemann Medical College, Jefferson Medical College--with radiotherapy only following excisional biopsy. Closely similar treatment policies were followed at all four centers, 4500-5000 rads minimum tumor dose being delivered to the entire breast and axillary, supraclavicular and internal mammary nodes. Forty-six of 49 stage I patients treated are alive without disease, the actuarial relapse-free survival being 91% at 5 years. Of the 101 stage II patients, 75 are alive without disease with a relapse-free actuarial survival of 60% at 5 years. Local failure has occurred in 10 patients (9 stage II and 1 stage I, 6.6%) 5 of whom are disease-free following mastectomy. The results obtained in this study are comparable to those of conventional surgery. It is our conclusion that mastectomy is not a necessary part of the treatment of small breast cancers, that radiation without mastectomy is an acceptable alternative with far superior cosmetic and functional results. Adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered particularly in stage II patients in view of their 40% relapse rate.
The effects of electroconvulsive shock on the discriminative stimulus properties of d-amphetamine and apomorphine: Evidence for dopamine receptor alteration subsequent to ECS

Sprague-Dawley male rats responding for sweetened milk on a variable interval 20 s schedule of reinforcement were trained to discriminate which of two levers to press on the basis of whether they had been injected with 1.0 mg/kg of d-amphetamine or saline prior to daily training sessions. Following acquisition of the discrimination a dose-response generalization function was determined by testing animals on 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.50, and 0.75 mg/kg of amphetamine. Subjects then received either three electroconvulsive shock (ECS) treatments or sham-ECS. Forty-eight hours after the final treatment all subjects were injected with 0.25 mg/kg of amphetamine and retested. ECS was found to enhance the ability of the animals to discriminate amphetamine. In a second experiment it was found that ECS also facilitated the ability of animals to discriminate the cue properties of apomorphine, a direct dopamine receptor agonist. These results suggest that dopamine receptor sensitivity is altered by electroconvulsive shock.
Predictors of unprotected sex with non-cohabitating primary partners among sheltered and low-income housed women in Los Angeles County

This study investigated associations of substance use, relationship abuse and HIV self-protective behavior with unprotected sex among 290 impoverished women with a non-cohabitating primary partner. Unprotected sex was associated with having a physically or psychologically abusive partner among low-income housed women, and having an abusive partner who also drank to intoxication among women living in shelters. Indicators of HIV self-protective behavior were associated with less frequent unprotected sex among sheltered women, even after accounting for abuse and substance use within the relationship. Results suggest the need for HIV-prevention interventions to address the problems of partner substance use and relationship abuse.
Insights provided by electrochemical techniques into the biological redox chemistry of purines

Abstract Uric acid, 3,7-dimethyluric acid and 7,9-dimethyluric acid give up to two voltammetric oxidation peaks at the pyrolytic graphite electrode in aqueous solution. The electrochemical and associated chemical reactions responsible for these two peaks are described. Type VIII peroxidase (from horseradish peroxidase) and H 2 O 2 bring about identical oxidations of these compounds.
Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Calcification

Both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are closely related to many metabolic disorders. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) is a reliable noninvasive method in demonstrating coronary plaque. However, the association between coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and NAFLD remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between CAC score and NAFLD. This retrospective study enrolled 295 consecutive asymptomatic subjects who had both coronary angiography by MSCT and hepatobiliary imaging during self-paid physical check-ups. NAFLD was found in 41% of the enrolled 295 subjects; gall bladder stones were found in 10.8%, and CAC > 100 with moderate-high risk of CAD was found in 12.9% of subjects. Male gender (odds ratios (OR), 3.087; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.092–8.729), increased age (OR, 1.108; 95% CI, 1.067–1.151), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR, 2.968; 95% CI, 1.129–7.803), and NAFLD (OR, 2.462; 95% CI, 1.065–5.691) were the independent factors that increased the risk of CAC > 100 in binary logistic regression. The prevalence of NAFLD also increased with the severity of CAC score (≤100, 38.1%; 101–400, 58.3%; >400, 64.3%; P = 0.03). Besides the traditional risk factors, such as male gender, increased age, and DM, NAFLD was also associated with moderate to high risk of CAD (CAC > 100).
Venus. I - Carbon monoxide distribution and molecular-line searches

An observational program to study variations of the vertical distribution of CO in the Venus atmosphere is presented. Measurements of the J = 0 - 1 absorption line at 2.6 mm wavelength are reported for two phase angles in 1977, one near eastern elongation (February) and the other near inferior conjunction (April). The two spectra are significantly different, with the April absorption line being narrower and deeper. The results of numerical inversion calculations show that the CO mixing ratio increases by a factor of approximately 100 between 78 and 100 km and that the CO abundance above approximately 100 km is greatest on the night-side hemisphere. These conclusions are in qualitative agreement with theoretical models. In addition to the CO observations, a search for other molecules was made to provide further information on the composition of the Venus middle atmosphere. The J = 0 - 1 transition of (C-13)O was detected and upper limits were derived for nine other molecules.
Dispersion of Atmospheric Pollutants in Flow over the Shoreline of a Large Body of Water

Abstract Simulation of pollutant dispersion and mixed-layer development in a shoreline fumigation regime was studied using a two-dimensional vertical plane model employing level two or three (depending on the experiment) from the hierarchy of turbulence closure schemes of Mellor and Yamada (1974). A one-dimensional version of the model using hierarchy level three which includes nonlocal effects in the turbulence simulation was verified with Wangara data from Day 34. Levels two and three were then compared using the two-dimensional model under conditions as measured at Waukegan, Illinois, on 28 June 1974. Predictions from level two, a simpler and purely local scheme, are comparable to level three for both pollutant concentration and mixed-layer depth at least with winds about 3 m s−1, except within 500 m of shore and for a short distance above the inversion base. There is, however, little difference in cost between the two schemes in the present model, making level three preferable because of its greater g...
Population dynamics of Pythium Irregulare Buis. In container-plant production as influenced by physical structure of media

Helleri holly were grown in 100% sand, 50% bark-50% sand, and 100% bark media and inoculated with Pythium irregulaye Buis. Pythium populations were determined at 4, 10 and 17 cm depths at planting date and every two weeks thereafter. After 7 weeks fresh weight of plants and populations of bacteria, actinomycetes, and total fungi were determined. P. irregulare was highest at the 4 and 10 cm depths, with bark media reaching their highest Pythium levels 4 weeks after inoculation. Pythium peaked in 100% sand 6 weeks after inoculation and declined thereafter.
The protective identity: Evidence that mortality salience heightens the clarity and coherence of the self-concept

Research guided by terror management theory has shown that self-esteem provides a buffer against mortality concerns. The current research extends the theory to examine whether clarity and coherence in the structure of the self-concept serve a terror management function independent of enhancing self-esteem. Specifically, five studies tested whether mortality salience (MS) heightens diverse tendencies to clarify and integrate self-relevant knowledge, especially in individuals predisposed to seek structured knowledge. MS led high, but not low, structure-seeking participants to prefer coherent (Study 1) clearly-defined (Study 2), and simply organized (Study 3) conceptions of their personal characteristics. Also, MS led high structure-seeking participants to prefer causal coherence in recent experience (Study 4) and meaningful connections between past events and their current self (Study 5). Supporting the specificity of these effects on self-concept structuring, MS increased self-enhancement in Studies 1, 4, and 5 but these effects were not moderated by preference for structured knowledge.
Face recognition using hybrid classifiers

We address the problem of surveillance and contents-based image retrieval (CBIR) for large image databases consisting of face images. The corresponding face recognition tasks considered herein include (i) surveying a gallery of images for the presence of specific probes. (ii) CBIR, and (iii) CBIR subject to correct ID (“match”) displaying specific facial landmarks such as wearing glasses. We developed robust matching (“classification”) and retrieval schemes based on hybrid classifiers and showed their feasibility using the FERET database. The hybrid classifier architecture consists of an ensemble of connectionist networks—radial basis functions (RBF)—and inductive decision trees (DT). The specific characteristics of our hybrid architecture include (a) query by consensus as provided by ensembles of networks for coping with the inherent variability of the image formation and data acquisition process, (b) categorical classifications using decision trees, (c) flexible and adaptive thresholds as opposed to ad hoc and hard thresholds, and (d) interpretability of the way classification and retrieval are eventually achieved. Experimental results, proving the feasibility of our approach, yield (i) 96% accuracy, using cross validation, for surveillance on a database consisting of 904 images corresponding to 350 subjects (of whom 102 are duplicates), (ii) 97% accuracy for CBIR tasks, such as “find all subjects wearing glasses”, on a database of 1084 images (including noisy versions) of 350 subjects (of whom 102 are duplicates), and (iii) 93% accuracy, using cross validation, for CBIR subject to correct ID match tasks, such as “find Joe Smith with/without glasses”, on a database of 200 images.
On semi-competing risks data

SUMMARY We consider a variation of the competing risks problem in which a terminal event censors a non-terminal event, but not vice versa. The joint distribution of the events is formulated via a gamma frailty model in the upper wedge where data are observable (Day et al., 1997), with the marginal distributions unspecified. An estimator for the association parameter is obtained from a concordance estimating function. A novel plug-in estimator for the marginal distribution of the non-terminal event is shown to be uniformly consistent and to converge weakly to a Gaussian process. The assumptions on the joint distribution outside the upper wedge are weaker than those usually made in competing risks analyses. Simulations demonstrate that the methods work well with practical sample sizes. The proposals are illustrated with data on morbidity and mortality in leukaemia patients.
Mechanisms Underlying the Loss-Of-Functional Kir6.1 KATP Channel Mutations in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia-induced apoptosis and arrhythmia are the important cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are known to provide a functional linkage between the electrical activity of cell membrane and metabolism. KCNJ8-encoded Kir6.1 KATP channel critically regulates vascular tone and cardiac adaptive response to systemic metabolic stressors, including sepsis. Previously, we identified two KCNJ8 mutations (E332del and V346I) in a large SIDS cohort that exhibited a marked loss-of-function phenotype and reduction of cell surface expression. Here we further investigate the mechanisms underlying the loss-of-functional Kir6.1 KATP channel mutations in SIDS.Methods and Results: A hemagglutinin (HA) epitope was inserted in an extracellular loop of Kir6.1 wild type (WT), Kir6.1-E332del and Kir6.1-V346I channels. HEK293 cells were co-transfected with cDNA encoding HA-tagged Kir6.1-WT, HA-tagged Kir6.1-E332del or -V346I and SUR2A in a ratio of 1:1:2. Cell surface expression was assessed by Flow-cytometry with FITC-conjugated anti-HA antibody. Apoptosis assays were performed on HEK293 cells transfected with IRES-GFP constructs containing Kir6.1-WT or mutant (E332del or V346I) with SUR2A. After staining with PE-Annexin V and 7-AAD, the apoptotic cells were measured by Flow-cytometry within gated GFP (+) cells. Caspase-3/7 activity was measured with Apo-ONE Homogenous caspase 3/7 assay kit. The cell-counting studies showed that the cell surface expression of Kir6.1-WT was suppressed 40% to 70% when co-expressed with Kir6.1-E332del or Kir6.1-V346I. The apoptosis assay data indicated that the apoptotic ratio was increased significantly for E332del (38.9%) compared to WT (4.02%) and for V346I (11.2%) compared to WT (3.04%). The Caspase-3/7 activity was also increased 2.1 fold for E332del and 1.6 fold for V346I over WT.Conclusions: The loss-of-functional Kir6.1 KATP channel mutations found in SIDS display a dominant-negative effect on Kir6.1-WT channels and induce apoptosis in heterologous expression system.
Evidence of Associations Between Lay Conceptions of Well-Being, Conception-Congruent Behavior, and Experienced Well-Being

Individuals’ lay conceptions of well-being have been found to be associated with several indexes of positive psychological functioning, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying these associations. In two studies, the current research examined whether conception-congruent behavior mediates associations between conceptions of well-being and two indexes of experienced well-being (subjective well-being and meaning in life). Study 1 addressed the above question using a prospective approach, whereby associations between conceptions of well-being, predicted engagement in hedonic and eudaimonic behavior, and predicted well-being were examined. Study 2 more directly addressed the above question using a daily diary approach, whereby conceptions of well-being, actual engagement in hedonic and eudaimonic behavior, and experienced well-being were assessed over a period of 1 week. In both studies, results indicated that associations between eudaimonic conception dimensions and experienced well-being were partially mediated by engagement in eudaimonic behavior. Hedonic conception dimensions were largely unrelated to hedonic behavior and well-being. The current findings thus suggest that eudaimonic behavior is one potential route through which eudaimonic conception dimensions exert their salubrious effects on well-being.
Self-disclosure in psychotherapy practice and supervision: an introduction.

Disclosure in psychotherapy may be considered from multiple perspectives: therapist to patient, patient to therapist, trainee to supervisor, and supervisor to trainee. Individuals in each of these roles must decide if, when, and how they should articulate certain thoughts or feelings to their therapeutic counterpart. Multicultural considerations may well influence these decisions. The articles in this issue, including two that are research reviews, question the value and parameters of self-disclosure in each of these contexts; they speak to the inevitable tension within psychotherapeutic dyads between the demands of open and honest disclosures and the equally potent countervailing forces of shame, tact, and appropriateness. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 59: 525–528, 2003.
The proton and carbon NMR spectra of alkyl-substituted titanocene and zirconocene dichlorides

Abstract As part of the characterization of substituted biscyclopentadienyl Ti(IV) and Zr(IV) compounds, 13 C NMR and 1 H NMR data have been obtained which indicate that the effects of both metal shielding (Ti versus Zr) and ring substitution can be taken into account by a simple additive relationship so that it is possible to predict accurately chemical shifts for these systems.
Infantile myofibromatosis: A radiological review

Infantile myofibromatosis is an unusual condition generally presenting in the newborn period. It may be solitary or multicentric. Sites involved include skin and subcutaneous tissues, muscle, bones and viscera. Nine cases are presented, including one case in an identical twin whose co-twin remained asymptomatic. The radiological features and differential diagnosis are discussed.
Retinal detachment in horses: 40 cases (1998-2005).

Objective To determine clinical features, ophthalmic examination findings, etiology, treatment, and outcome of horses diagnosed with retinal detachment (RD). Animals studied Forty horses, presented to the North Carolina State University and The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospitals from 1998 to 2005 that were diagnosed with RD. Procedure(s) Horses with documented RD, confirmed either on ophthalmic examination or by ultrasonography, and with a complete medical record were included. Information retrieved from the medical records included signalment, presenting complaint, duration of clinical signs, ophthalmologic examination findings, diagnostics performed, identified cause of the retinal detachment, treatment given, and outcome. Results Forty horses (46 eyes) were diagnosed with RD. Mean ± SD duration of clinical signs of ocular disease was 10.5 ± 14.7 months. Thirty-four horses presented with unilateral involvement, 6 with bilateral, 14 with partial and 32 with complete RD. Ultrasonography was used to make the diagnosis in 26 eyes, while RD was diagnosed on routine ocular examination in 20 eyes. Bullous RD was the only type of RD observed, although small vitreal traction bands were considered secondary to the underlying inflammation or trauma. RD caused by equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) was diagnosed in 27 of 40 (67.5%) horses. Trauma-induced RD involved 10 of the 40 horses (25%). Presenting problems included known ERU (n = 16), acute or progressive vision loss (n = 9), known ocular trauma (n = 6), cataract (n = 6), and a cloudy cornea (n = 3). No horses regained vision after RD despite therapy. Many eyes were enucleated or eviscerated, or the horses were euthanized. Seven eyes with complete RD were noted to be unchanged and comfortable with medical therapy. Conclusions The visual prognosis of RD in horses is grave; however, horses with nontraumatic RD (most commonly ERU) may be able to maintain a comfortable but blind globe with anti-inflammatory medical therapy.
Methodological approaches in developmental neuroimaging studies

Pediatric neuroimaging is increasingly providing insights into the neural basis of cognitive development. Indeed, we have now arrived at a stage where we can begin to identify optimal methodological and statistical approaches to the acquisition and analysis of developmental imaging data. In this article, we describe a number of these approaches and how their selection impacts the ability to examine and interpret developmental effects. We describe preferred approaches to task selection, definition of age groups, selection of fMRI designs, definition of regions of interest (ROI), optimal baseline measures, and treatment of timecourse data. Consideration of these aspects of developmental neuroimaging reveals that unlike single-group neuroimaging studies, developmental studies pose unique challenges that impact study planning, task design, data analysis, and the interpretation of findings.
Tumor thickness as a guide to surgical management of clinical stage I melanoma patients

An analysis of failure to control locally recurrent or metastatic melanoma was used to substantiate the value of thickness as a guide to surgical management. There were no local recurrences in patients with melanomas less than 0.76 mm in thickness, regardless of the skin margins excised. The three year actuarial incidence of subsequent regional metastases in patients initially treated by wide local excision (WLE) of their melanoma was directly correlated with tumor thickness (p = 4.0 mm in thickness. At five years, patients with melanomas of 1.50 to 3.99 mm thickness who had WLE plus elective regional node dissection (RND) had a calculated 15% incidence of distant metastases and an actuarial survival rate of 83%, while patients with melanomas of the same thickness who had WLE alone as their initial surgical treatment had a 78% incidence of distant metastases and a 37% survival rate (p = 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). In patients with melanomas exceeding 4.0 mm in thickness, the potential benefits of RND were less apparent because of a high risk (>70%) of distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. Based upon this analysis, our initial surgical management of melanomas <0.76 is a WLE using a 2.0 cm margin of skin, while thicker lesions are excised using a 3 to 5 cm skin margin. Elective RND is not indicated for lesion <0.76 mm in thickness, but it is considered for 0.76 to 1.50 mm lesions in selected patients and is employed for virtually all patients with lesions exceeding 1.5 mm in thickness. The rationale of elective RND is improved survival in patients with intermediate thickness lesions (0.76 to 3.99 mm) while it is justifiable as a staging procedure for lesions exceeding 4.0 mm thickness. Cancer 43:883–888, 1979.
Real Exchange Rates In Developing Countries: Are Balassa-Samuelson Effects Present?

There is little empirical research on whether Balassa-Samuelson effects can explain the long-run behavior of real exchange rates in developing countries. This paper presents new evidence on this issue based on a panel data sample of 16 developing countries. The paper finds that the traded-nontraded productivity differential is a significant determinant of the relative price of nontraded goods, and the relative price in turn exerts a significant effect on the real exchange rate. The terms of trade also influence the real exchange rate. These results provide strong verification of Balassa-Samuelson effects for developing countries
Selective Toxicity of Rhodamine 123 in Carcinoma Cells in Vitro

The study of mitochondria in situ has recently been facilitated through the use of rhodamine 123, a mitochondrial-specific fluorescent dye. It has been found to be nontoxic when applied for short periods to a variety of cell types and has thus become an invaluable tool for examining mitochondrial morphology and function in the intact living cell. In this report, however, we demonstrate that with continuous exposure, rhodamine 123 selectively kills carcinoma as compared to normal epithelial cells grown in vitro. At doses of rhodamine 123 which were toxic to carcinoma cells, the conversion of mitochondrial-specific to cytoplasmic-nonspecific localization of the drug was observed prior to cell death. At 10 microgram/ml, greater than 50% cell death occurred within 7 days in all nine of the carcinoma cell types and lines of different origin studied, while six of six normal epithelial cell types and lines remained unaffected. Cotreating carcinoma cells with 2-deoxyglucose and rhodamine 123 enhanced the inhibition of growth by rhodamine 123 alone in clonogenic survival assays. The observation of the selective toxicity of rhodamine 123 appears to be unique in view of the absence of selective toxicity reported in vitro for the various antitumor agents currently in clinical use. Preliminary results with rhodamine 123 in animal tumor systems indicate antitumor activity for carcinomas.
Exploring possible mechanisms of change in family-based treatment for adolescent bulimia nervosa

Objective: Mediators of treatment for family-based treatment are explored for outcomes among adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN). Method: Using data from a recently completed randomized clinical trial (RCT) comparing family-based treatment (FBT) to supportive psychotherapy (SPT) we examined possible mediators of treatment outcome. Results: Results suggest that FBT-BN was more effective than SPT in producing remission by virtue of achieving greater reductions in eating disorder psychopathology by mid-treatment. Specifically, reductions in cognitions related to BN as assessed by the EDE appeared to be the differentiating mechanism. Conclusion: It is reasonable to hypothesize that change in the EDE subscales mediates outcome for FBT-BN. Future studies with sufficient power to examine this possibility as an a priori hypothesis would help to better understand how FBT-BN works and may also help to guide future treatment refinement and development.
Determining Treatment to Control Two Multidrug-Resistant Parasites on a Texas Horse Farm

Abstract A study was undertaken at the Texas A&M Horse Center to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three anthelmintics—ivermectin, fenbendazole, and a combination of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate—on fecal egg count reductions of cyathostomes and Parascaris equorum in 30 naturally infected foals. The foals were randomized into three treatment groups, with individuals being rerandomized after each 8-week observation period. The treatments of ivermectin and fenbendazole were given at the manufacturer's recommended doses, and the pyrantel treatment was given at two times the manufacturer's recommended dose. Fecal egg counts were performed at the time of treatment and at 2-week intervals after treatment for a total of 8 weeks. Each foal received a total of three treatments during the course of the study. Fecal egg counts were performed by a modified McMaster's test, with a sensitivity of 25 eggs per gram of feces, and by the modified Wisconsin double centrifugal flotation technique, with a sensitivity of 0.2 eggs per gram of feces. Fecal egg reduction percentages were calculated. Analysis of the results showed that ivermectin, either used alone or with pyrantel, was a more effective anthelmintic for cyathostome (small strongyle) control than fenbendazole. Fenbendazole and pyrantel showed a higher initial reduction in Parascaris egg counts when compared with the ivermectin-only-treated group, but this difference lessened over time. The use of the combination treatment showed the best results for controlling both parasites, indicating that a combination of anthelmintics may be necessary to control parasites on some equine farms.
SCAR HETEROGENEITY ON CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IS A PREDICTOR OF APPROPRIATE IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR THERAPY: 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to ventricular arrhythmia remains a common cause of death. Several studies have demonstrated a survival benefit with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Unfortunately, a majority of patients receiving an ICD for primary prevention fail to utilize the device.
Psychopharmacologic treatments for nonparaphilic compulsive sexual behaviors.

This article reviews the use of pharmacologic agents to treat nonparaphilic compulsive sexual behaviors (paraphilia-related disorders). Recent data suggest that serotonergic antidepressants, especially serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), may be effective in treating nonparaphilic sexual behaviors characterized by hypersexuality. The rationale, prescriptive use, and limitations of SRIs are reviewed, as are the proposed mechanisms of action, prescriptive use, and side effects of medications that lower serum testosterone (including triptorelin and the antiandrogens medroxyprogesterone acetate and cyproterone acetate).The potential use of psychostimulants, mood stabilizers, and atypical antipsychotics for paraphilia-related disorders in specific clinical situations is discussed. Practical guidelines, augmentation strategies with adjunctive psychopharmacologic agents, and indications regarding pharmacologic combinations of the above medications are suggested.
Cloning and sequence analysis of the muramidase-2 gene from Enterococcus hirae.

Extracellular muramidase-2 of Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790 was purified to homogeneity by substrate binding, guanidine-HCl extraction, and reversed-phase chromatography. A monoclonal antibody, 2F8, which specifically recognizes muramidase-2, was used to screen a genomic library of E. hirae ATCC 9790 DNA in bacteriophage lambda gt11. A positive phage clone containing a 4.5-kb DNA insert was isolated and analyzed. The EcoRI-digested 4.5-kb fragment was cut into 2.3-, 1.0-, and 1.5-kb pieces by using restriction enzymes KpnI, Sau3AI, and PstI, and each fragment was subcloned into plasmid pJDC9 or pUC19. The nucleotide sequence of each subclone was determined. The sequence data indicated an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 666 amino acid residues, with a calculated molecular mass of 70,678 Da. The first 24 N-terminal amino acids of purified extracellular muramidase-2 were in very good agreement with the deduced amino acid sequence after a 49-amino-acid putative signal sequence. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence showed the presence at the C-terminal region of the protein of six highly homologous repeat units separated by nonhomologous intervening sequences that are highly enriched in serine and threonine. The overall sequence showed a high degree of homology with a recently cloned Streptococcus faecalis autolysin. Images
An Advanced Neonatal Nursing Program Meeting Today's Challenge in Newborn Nursing

The chronological advances in neonatology and regionalization of care have greatly affected the role of the nursery nurse. Her role has emerged from that of a passive caretaker to one of active and primary surveillance. In order to fulfill this role, additional education and training is necessary to ensure prompt recognition of the subtlest change in condition and immediate treatment to promote quality life for the neonate. This paper describes the Advanced Neonatal Nursing Program, a 4‐week educational course designed for neonatal nurses to improve neonatal nursing care within the region of Western New York and Northwestern Pennsylvania. The curriculum, methods of presentation, faculty, evaluation methods, and results of evaluation are discussed.
Coseismic landslides reveal near-surface rock strength in a high-relief tectonically active setting

We present quantitative estimates of near-surface rock strength relevant to landscape evolution and landslide hazard assessment for 15 geologic map units of the Longmen Shan, China. Strength estimates are derived from a novel method that inverts earthquake peak ground acceleration models and coseismic landslide inventories to obtain material properties and landslide thickness. Aggregate rock strength is determined by prescribing a friction angle of 30° and solving for effective cohesion. Effective cohesion ranges are from 70 kPa to 107 kPa for 15 geologic map units, and are approximately an order of magnitude less than typical laboratory measurements, probably because laboratory tests on hand-sized specimens do not incorporate the effects of heterogeneity and fracturing that likely control near-surface strength at the hillslope scale. We find that strength among the geologic map units studied varies by less than a factor of two. However, increased weakening of units with proximity to the range front, where precipitation and active fault density are the greatest, suggests that climatic and tectonic factors overwhelm lithologic differences in rock strength in this high-relief tectonically active setting.