cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rendering parametric surfaces in pen and ink

This paper presents new algorithms and techniques for rendering parametric free-form surfaces in pen and ink. In particular, we introduce the idea of “controlled-density hatching” for conveying tone, texture, and shape. The fine control over tone this method provides allows the use of traditional texture mapping techniques for specifying the tone of pen-and-ink illustrations. We also show how a planar map, a data structure central to our rendering algorithm, can be constructed from parametric surfaces, and used for clipping strokes and generating outlines. Finally, we show how curved shadows can be cast onto curved objects for this style of illustration. CR
Sphingolipid Domains in the Plasma Membranes of Fibroblasts Are Not Enriched with Cholesterol

The plasma membranes of mammalian cells are widely expected to contain domains that are enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids. In this work, we have used high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry to directly map the distributions of isotope-labeled cholesterol and sphingolipids in the plasma membranes of intact fibroblast cells. Although acute cholesterol depletion reduced sphingolipid domain abundance, cholesterol was evenly distributed throughout the plasma membrane and was not enriched within the sphingolipid domains. Thus, we rule out favorable cholesterol-sphingolipid interactions as dictating plasma membrane organization in fibroblast cells. Because the sphingolipid domains are disrupted by drugs that depolymerize the cells actin cytoskeleton, cholesterol must instead affect the sphingolipid organization via an indirect mechanism that involves the cytoskeleton.
Stability Problems for Viscoelastic Fluids

Molten plastics, petroleum oil additives and whipping creams are examples of incompressible viscoelastic fluids. The flow of such fluids requires effects without parallel in the flow of Newtonian fluids like air and water. Particularly striking effects occur when there are free surfaces which give a visual display of normal stresses which must exist in viscoelastic fluids when strong shearing motions are forced. For example, the rotation of a small rod in water induces a depression in the free surface around the rod; when the same rod rotates in certain viscoelastic fluids, the fluid will climb the rod (see Figs. 95.1, 2, 3). When a horizontal water jet is extruded from a capillary tube at a high Reynolds number, the jet will contract; when certain viscoelastic fluids are extruded at the same Reynolds number from the same tube, the jet may swell to several times its final diameter (see Fig. 95.6a, b). Tall Taylor cells in viscoelastic fluids may stand four times taller than cells which exist under equivalent conditions in Newtonian fluids (see Figs. 95.7, 8). There is a stability problem for each of the three examples shown in the figures (see § 95).
Family therapy and qualitative research

Qualitative research is becoming accepted by the scientific community as a viable way to explore and understand socialscience phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to describe the essential features of the qualitative research paradigm and to encourage further development of that paradigm in the field of family therapy. First, typical characteristics of qualitative research designs are delineated; these characteristics are illustrated with two extended examples from the qualitative research literature in the field of education. Next, possible applications of the qualitative paradigm to research issues in the field of family therapy are discussed. Finally, potential pitfalls that could inhibit the development of qualitative family therapy research are examined. It is hoped that this paper will serve as a stimulus for the development of qualititative research in the field of family therapy.
Suppression of ectomycorrhizae on canopy tree seedlings in Rhododendron maximum L. (Ericaceae) thickets in the southern Appalachians

Thickets of Rhododendron maximum (Ericaceae) (Rm) in the southern Appalachians severely limit regeneration of hardwood and coniferous seedlings. Experimental blocks were established in and out of Rm thickets in a mature, mixed hardwood/conifer forest in Macon County, N.C. Litter and organic layer substrates were removed, composited and redistributed among plots within the blocks (except for control plots). Seedlings of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) were planted in the plots and harvested at the end of the first and second growing seasons. Litter manipulation had no effect on total mycorrhizal colonization, but the distribution of Cenococcum geophilum mycorrhizae was altered. After the first year, percent mycorrhizal colonization of hemlocks not in Rm thickets (62%) was at least three times higher than in Rm thickets (19%), and the ramification index (no. of mycorrhizae cm–1) had increased by more than a factor of four (2.83 versus 0.61). In addition, colonization of 1-year-old hemlocks by C. geophilum was significantly higher within blocks with (10.4%) than without (4.6%) Rm. Differences in mycorrhizal colonization, ramification indices and colonization by C. geophilum were absent or less pronounced on 2-year-old hemlocks and 1- and 2-year-old oak seedlings. The biomasses of first year oak roots and shoots and second year shoots were 50% less in Rm thickets. Biomasses of first year hemlock roots and second year shoots were also reduced. Mycorrhizal parameters were correlated with some growth parameters only for hemlock seedlings, but did not explain most of the variation observed.
A method for calibrating see-through head-mounted displays for AR

In order to have a working augmented reality (AR) system, the see-through system must be calibrated such that the internal models of objects match their physical counterparts. By match, we mean they should have the same position, orientation, and size information as well as any intrinsic parameters (such as focal lengths in the case of cameras) that their physical counterparts have. To this end, a procedure must be developed which estimates the parameters of these internal models. This calibration method must be both accurate and simple to use. This paper reports on our efforts to implement a calibration method for a see-through head-mounted display. We use a dynamic system in which a user interactively modifies the camera parameters until the image of a calibration object matches the image of a corresponding physical object. The calibration method is dynamic in the sense that we do not require the user's head to be immobilized.
Relation between intervention exposures, changes in attitudes, and mammography use in the North Carolina Breast Cancer Screening Program.

Objective: Many past interventions have been based on the assumption that improving attitudes about mammography can increase mammography use. We studied changes in breast cancer and mammography attitudes over time in mediating the effect of intervention exposures on mammography use in the North Carolina Breast Cancer Screening Program. Data came from interviews with a cohort of 331 black women who said they had heard of mammography at baseline interview. Methods: We created scores and score changes for mammography (7 items) and breast cancer (11 items) attitudes at baseline (1993–1994) and follow-up interviews (1996–1997). We modeled intervention exposures, attitude changes, and mammography use in linear risk and logistic regression. Intervention exposures were defined for mammography discussion with a project lay health advisor (“LHA advice”), mammography discussion with anyone besides a doctor or nurse, and project awareness. Results: Positive change in mammography attitudes was associated with intervention exposures and mammography use and appeared to account for a large percentage (34–98%) of the effect of mammography discussion variables on increased mammography use. Greatest effect of attitude improvement was found for women without a recent mammogram at baseline and with the least positive baseline attitude scores. Conclusion: Using cohort data enabled us to examine the role of attitude change over time on mammography use. Breast cancer screening programs should target women with the most negative mammography attitudes and the least mammography use to start with and concentrate their messages on improving attitudes specific to mammography rather than improving attitudes about breast cancer risk.
Next generation software for functional trend analysis

Summary: FuncAssociate is a web application that discovers properties enriched in lists of genes or proteins that emerge from large-scale experimentation. Here we describe an updated application with a new interface and several new features. For example, enrichment analysis can now be performed within multiple gene-and protein-naming systems. This feature avoids potentially serious translation artifacts to which other enrichment analysis strategies are subject. Availability: The FuncAssociate web application is freely available to all users at http://llama.med.harvard.edu/funcassociate. Contact: fritz_roth@hms.harvard.edu
Production supervisor impacts on subordinates' safety outcomes: An investigation of leader-member exchange and safety communication

Problem: Supervisors are increasingly important to the functioning of manuhcturing operations, in large part due to their role as leadm. While supervisors' relations and communication with their subordinates are known to be important in influencing subordinates' behavior, little is known about how these two factors will impact subordinates' safety. This study investigated how much each factor contributes to safety-related outcomes for blue-collar production employees. Method: Production employees at five Pennsylvania wood manufacturers completed a survey during their work shift. Five hundred and ninety eight employees provided data on leader-member exchange (LMX), safety communication, and safety-related events. Archival data on OSHA recordables were also obtained £kom the producers' human resources database. Results: Analyses found that the influence of LMX was greater than that of safety communication in predicting safetyrelated events. Neither LMX nor safety communication was significantly related to OSHA recordables. Results also demonstrated that employee job satisfaction and demographic variables such as gender and age have safety implications. Impact on Industry: Results from this study further emphasize the importance of production supervisors and illustrate the potential role of leader-member exchange in enhancing workplace safety. Specifically, organizations should foster positive social exchange between their employees and supervisors and enhance the leadership qualities of supervisors to help reduce workplace injuries. O 2006 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Yablifying the Rosser Sentence

In a recent paper (Cieślinski and Urbaniak 2012), Urbaniak and Cieślinski describe an analogue of the Yablo Paradox, in the domain of formal provability. Just as the infinite sequence of Yablo sentences inherit the paradoxical behavior of the liar sentence, an infinite sequence of sentences can be constructed that inherit the distinctive behavior of the Godel sentence. This phenomenon—the transfer of the properties of self-referential sentences of formal mathematics to their “unwindings” into infinite sequences of sentences—suggests a number of interesting logical questions. The purpose of this paper is to give a precise statement of a conjecture from Cieślinski and Urbaniak (2012) regarding the unwinding of the Rosser sentence, and to demonstrate that this precise statement is false. We begin with some preliminary motivation, introduce the conjecture against the background of some related results, and finally, in the last section, move on to the proof, which adapts a method used by Solovay and Guaspari.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Virulent Streptococcus agalactiae Strain, 138P, Isolated from Diseased Nile Tilapia

ABSTRACT Streptococcus agalactiae strain 138P was isolated from the kidney of diseased Nile tilapia in Idaho during a 2007 streptococcal disease outbreak. The full genome sequence of S. agalactiae 138P is 1,838,701 bp. The availability of this genome will allow comparative genomics analysis to identify genes for antigen discovery and vaccine development.
vGreenNet: Managing Server and Networking Resources of Co-Located Heterogeneous VMs

We design a VM resource management framework, called vGreenNet, which increases the energy efficiency of data centers by co-locating throughput-sensitive batch jobs with latency-sensitive services, while managing interference at both CPU and network levels. Our implementation of vGreenNet is on a test bed of state of the art servers and switches emulating a data center cluster. The results show that vGreenNet gets 35% better energy efficiency than oracle versions of state-of-the-art policies, and 70% higher than today's practice in data centers on per server basis. In an oversubscribed network, vGreenNet saves 44% energy as compared to the state-of-the-art.
Quantitative model for rationalizing solvent effect in noncovalent CH–Aryl interactions

The strength of CH–aryl interactions (ΔG) in 14 solvents was determined via the conformational analysis of a molecular torsion balance. The molecular balance adopted folded and unfolded conformers in which the ratio of the conformers in solution provided a quantitative measure of ΔG as a function of solvation. While a single empirical solvent parameter based on solvent polarity failed to explain solvent effect in the molecular balance, it is shown that these ΔG values can be correlated through a multiparameter linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) using the equation introduced by Kamlet and Taft. The resulting LSER equation [ΔG = −0.24 + 0.23α − 0.68β − 0.1π* + 0.09δ]—expresses ΔG as a function of Kamlet–Taft solvent parameters—revealed that specific solvent effects (α and β) are mainly responsible for “tipping” the molecular balance in favour of one conformer over the other, where α represents a solvents' hydrogen-bond acidity and β represents a solvents' hydrogen-bond basicity. Furthermore, using extrapolated data (α and β) and the known π* value for the gas phase, the LSER equation predicted ΔG in the gas phase to be −0.31 kcal mol−1, which agrees with −0.35 kcal mol−1 estimated from DFT-D calculations.
Advanced Cancer of the Hypopharynx

A 65-year-old man presented with T3N3 squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus. He was given 70 Gy in 35 fractions with incomplete resolution of the primary and nodal masses. Since irradiation, the patient has been able to eat soft foods with difficulty and has lost weight. One month after irradiation, a Hickman catheter was placed for total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and chemotherapy was given. Chemotherapy had to be discontinued because of pneumonia associated with severe neutropenia. Chemotherapy could not be restarted, the lesions began to grow again, and he left the hospital after 3 weeks on TPN and morphine.
The Qualities of the Professional Lawyer

Why would you as a law student or early-career lawyer want to internalize the qualities of the professional lawyer? Let me start with a bold proposition: If, over a career, you build a strong internalized foundation of the qualities of the professional lawyer, you will continue over a career to become an increasingly effective and successful lawyer. Section I below analyzes empirical data identifying the qualities that legal employers and clients want in a new lawyer. Section II analyzes the empirical evidence on what qualities of the professional lawyer inform the profession’s understanding of professionalism, professional formation and an ethical professional identity. That evidence reveals a powerful service ethic anchoring professional formation: An internalized moral core characterized by a deep responsibility for others, particularly clients. Section III explores how the qualities of the professional lawyer form the foundation upon which a law student and early-career lawyer builds over a career to develop all the values, virtues, capacities and skills of an effective lawyer. Section IV reflects professional formation’s central role in fulfilling the legal profession’s “social contract” with the larger society. That section also considers the “moral insight” attained by lawyers at later stages of professional formation. Section V concludes with a discussion of some key lessons to remember going forward in your law studies and career as a lawyer.
Clinical Investigation in Animals

AbstractThe Code of Federal Regulations Part 511 addresses the requirements for new animal drugs for investigational use. In 1977, the Food and Drug Administration proposed new rules for the conduct of clinical trials. Although these are only proposed regulations, the FDA uses them as guidelines when conducting audits of clinical investigators. These proposed Good Clinical Practice Regulations have resulted in an improvement in the manner animal clinical studies are now conducted. We feel the results have been positive for all concerned, the public, sponsor and the Food and Drug Administration.
Interaction of the Hydrophobic Tip of an Atomic Force Microscope with Oligopeptides Immobilized Using Short and Long Tethers

We report an investigation of the adhesive force generated between the hydrophobic tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) and surfaces presenting oligopeptides immobilized using either short (∼1 nm) or long (∼60 nm) tethers. Specifically, we used either sulfosuccinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SSMCC) or 10 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) end-functionalized with maleimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide groups to immobilize helical oligomers of β-amino acids (β-peptides) to mixed monolayers presenting tetraethylene glycol (EG4) and amine-terminated EG4 (EG4N) groups. When SSMCC was used to immobilize the β-peptides, we measured the adhesive interaction between the AFM tip and surface to rupture through a single event with magnitude consistent with the interaction of a single β-peptide with the AFM tip. Surprisingly, this occurred even when, on average, multiple β-peptides were located within the interaction area between the AFM tip and surface. In contrast, when using the long 10 kDa PEG t...
A superior mixed electron and carbonate-ion conducting metal-carbonate composite membrane for advanced flue-gas carbon capture

Developing cost-effective, energy-efficient and CO2-selective advanced carbon capture technologies for carbon intensive flue gas is of vital importance to the reduction of carbon pollution and mitigation of global climate change. In the present work, we report that an electrochemistry-based mixed electron and carbonate-ion conducting metal-carbonate composite membrane with porous metal matrix fabricated by a chemical dealloying method exhibits superior CO2/O2 flux density and stability over a 900-h testing period. The results also demonstrate that the presence of H2 in the sweeping gas can significantly enhance the CO2 flux density as a result of increased gradient of chemical potential of oxygen and produce a pure stream of CO2 and H2O for easy downstream conversion. The fundamental mechanisms leading to the superior performance are also discussed.
Analyses of Foam Impact onto the Columbia Shuttle Wing Leading Edge Panels Using Pronto3d/SPH

This paper describes the analyses involved in Sandia National Laboratories’ support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) investigation of the Shuttle Columbia accident. Several analyses were involved: preliminary scoping calculations to determine if enough energy was available to damage the leading edge panel, determination of strain-rate regimes for various materials to provide the material test conditions, validation of the failure criterion for the reinforced carbon-carbon composite panel, and finally the actual analyses of the accident scenarios. These analyses were used for test configuration, instrumentation location, and calibration definition in support of full-scale testing of the panels in June, 2003. These tests subsequently confirmed the accident cause.
Parallelism between serologic and bacteriophagic response in B. typhosus and certain avian paratyphoids.

Although not commonly recognized, there exist two curious and clearly marked discrepancies in the specific action of typhoid immune serum and typhoid antigen. In 1912 Pfeiler and Rehse1 isolated from an epidemic of the disease, fowl typhoid, an organism which they regarded as a new species and to which they gave the name, Bacillus typhi gallinarum alkalifaciens. They demonstrated the agglutinability of this organism to a high titer in typhoid (human) immune serum; also a slightly reduced agglutinability of B. typhosus in B. T. G. A. immune serum. I have shown elsewhere2 that the organism discovered by Pfeiler and Rehse was not a new species, but the old B. gallinarum of Klein, which has masqueraded under various names. In 1915 Theobald Smith and Tenbroeck3 confirmed the findings of Pfeiler and Rehse, using in this case the Bact. sanguinarium of Moore, which also is identical with B. gallinarum of Klein. In addition, they showed a similar serologic and antigenic relation between B. typhosus and another avi...
Statistical analysis of published papers from Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2000～2009

Based on the VIP and CNKI database,the published papers from Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(FAAS) in 2000-2009 were analyzed by econometric methods.The index included total amounts of published paper,amounts of paper published in science and technology core journals,journal distribution,author distribution,cited frequency,downloaded frequency,etc.The index system reflected FAAS′s research capacity and could be used to evaluate its academic standard by management department.
Relationship Between Interleukin-1β(511C/T) Gene Polymorphisms and Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis in Ningxia

Objective To investigate Relationship between Interleukin-1β(C-511T) gene polymorphisms with coal worker's pneumoconiosis(CWP) in Ningxia.Methods SNP 511C/T of the IL-1βgene was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) technique in 120 CWP cases and 120 coal dust exposure subjects.Results The length of exposure to dust,types of service,age of smoking frequencies were not significant difference between cases and controls(P0.05).Standardized on the age,Three genotypes(CC、CT、TT)were detected in IL-1β(C-511T),There were no significant difference between cases and the controls(P0.05).Significant difference between CWP patients and controls was not found in frequencies of C and T alleles(P0.05).Conclusion The study found IL-12β(C-511T) polymorphism may be not related to CWP patients in Ningxia.
Distal and Generalized Sensory Symptoms

Pain, numbness, and paresthesias are common symptoms of sensory system dysfunction. Polyneuropathy generally produces distally predominant symptoms, though proximally predominant and multifocal forms also exist. Important causes of polyneuropathy include diabetes mellitus, vitamin B12 deficiency, monoclonal gammopathy, ethanol abuse, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, HIV infection, and thyroid dysfunction. Despite extensive evaluation, no source is identified in many patients and a diagnosis of idiopathic polyneuropathy is the most appropriate one. There are multiple medications available to treat neuropathic symptoms including anticonvulsants, antidepressants, opioids, and topical agents. Mimics of polyneuropathy include degenerative spine disease, plantar fasciitis, tarsal tunnel syndrome, and restless legs syndrome.
The Gothic Body: Evolutionism and the loss of human specificity

The philosophical ramifications of Darwin's theories are so immense that they strike at the most fundamental oppositions at the heart of Western culture: the difference between human and animal, male and female, Nature and culture. He reverses a system of signification at least as old as the Greek polis with whose emergence the images of hybrid and intermediary forms (centaurs, Amazons, Cyclops) were banished to the realms of monstrosity and otherness. With the disappearance of the Author from Darwin's universe, these oppositions, which had been elevated virtually to the status of logical categories or necessary ways of thinking about the world, collapsed into a kind of Derridean freeplay. Margot Norris, Beasts of the Modern Imagination (p. 37) In 1884, H. G. Wells came to study at the Normal School of Science in South Kensington, established by T. H. Huxley for the training of science teachers who would staff the new public schools founded after the 1870 Education Act. Though his contact with Huxley was minimal – Wells attended Huxley's lectures for a course on advanced zoology January through June of 1885, and spoke to him only once, in greeting – Wells fell under Huxley's spell. “I believed then he was the greatest man I was ever likely to meet,” he wrote in 1901, “and I believe that all the more firmly today.” Wells admired Huxley's commitment to his life's project of explaining for the general public, in both his public lectures and his lucid, readable prose, the importance of a scientific education and the significance of new scientific ideas, most notably evolution theory.
Don't Mind the Gap: Bridging Network-wide Objectives and Device-level Configurations

We develop Propane, a language and compiler to help network operators with a challenging, error-prone task—bridging the gap between network-wide routing objectives and low-level configurations of devices that run complex, distributed protocols. The language allows operators to specify their objectives naturally, using high-level constraints on both the shape and relative preference of traffic paths. The compiler automatically translates these specifications to router-level BGP configurations, using an effective intermediate representation that compactly encodes the flow of routing information along policy-compliant paths. It guarantees that the compiled configurations correctly implement the specified policy under all possible combinations of failures. We show that Propane can effectively express the policies of datacenter and backbone networks of a large cloud provider; and despite its strong guarantees, our compiler scales to networks with hundreds or thousands of routers.
Trachyonychia: Review and Update on Clinical Aspects, Histology, and Therapy

Trachyonychia is a disorder of the nail unit that most commonly presents with rough, longitudinally ridged nails (opaque trachyonychia) or less frequently, uniform, opalescent nails with pits (shiny trachyonychia). The term trachyonychia refers to 'rough nails.' This article comprehensively reviews the clinical, histologic, and therapeutic aspects of trachyonychia. The authors' preferred evaluation and management strategies of trachyonychia are included.
Accelerating analytics with dynamic in-memory expressions

Oracle Database In-Memory (DBIM) accelerates analytic workload performance by orders of magnitude through an in-memory columnar format utilizing techniques such as SIMD vector processing, in-memory storage indexes, and optimized predicate evaluation and aggregation. With Oracle Database 12.2, Database In-Memory is further enhanced to accelerate analytic processing through a novel lightweight mechanism known as Dynamic In-Memory Expressions (DIMEs). The DIME mechanism automatically detects frequently occurring expressions in a query workload, and then creates highly optimized, transactionally consistent, in-memory columnar representations of these expression results. At runtime, queries can directly access these DIMEs, thus avoiding costly expression evaluations. Furthermore, all the optimizations introduced in DBIM can apply directly to DIMEs. Since DIMEs are purely in-memory structures, no changes are required to the underlying tables. We show that DIMEs can reduce query elapsed times by several orders of magnitude without the need for costly pre-computed structures such as computed columns or materialized views or cubes.
An empirical game-theoretic analysis of credit network formation

The framework of credit networks provides a flexible and robust model of distributed trust, based on pairwise credit allocations representing commitments to allow transactions. Since issuing credit entails risks as well as benefits, it is unclear whether self-interested and autonomous agents will form viable credit networks. We tackle this question through an extensive simulation-based game-theoretic analysis of a 61-node credit network formation scenario, covering eight environments varying on information and cost-benefit parameters. We find that viable credit networks form in equilibrium given sufficiently high transaction value, or sufficiently low default risk. Although the amount of credit issued in equilibrium is significantly lower than in the social optimum, as is the social welfare achieved, this difference diminishes proportionally as the environment becomes more favorable overall.
Content Caching and User Scheduling in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

To facilitate content delivery to mobile users, we propose a content caching and distribution framework for the heterogeneous OFDM networks, where a library of files available at the macro base station (MBS) can be distributively cached in multiple serving nodes (SNs). SNs are capable of both receiving unstored files from MBS and transmitting files to the associated users. For a given group of file downloading requests, the user scheduling scheme is jointly designed with the content caching scheme so that the number of served users is maximized for a given amount of spectrum and time. First, the corresponding downlink throughput maximization problem is shown to be NP-hard. Then, for the system with one MBS and one SN, the design of the joint user scheduling and caching scheme is transformed into a binary linear programming problem. For the system with one MBS and two SNs, the joint scheduling and caching (JSC) algorithm has been proposed to tap on the potential of the coded multicasting scheme between MBS and SNs. The proposed algorithm can be extended to networks with arbitrary number of SNs. Simulation results demonstrate that the JSC algorithm provides a significant sum throughput gain.
Liposomal Bupivacaine Mixture Has Similar Pain Relief and Significantly Fewer Complications at Less Cost Compared to Indwelling Interscalene Catheter in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Abstract Background The efficacy and costs of indwelling interscalene catheter (ISC) and liposomal bupivacaine (LBC), with and without adjunctive medications, in patients with primary shoulder arthroplasty are a source of current debate. Methods In 214 arthroplasties, 156 patients had ISC and 58 had LBC injections that were mixed with morphine, ketorolac, and 0.5% bupivacaine with epinephrine. Charts were reviewed for visual analog scale pain scores, oral morphine equivalent (OME) usage, major complications, and costs. Results Visual analog scale scores were not significantly different at 24 hours or at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. Average OME consumption at 24 hours was significantly more with LBC, but was not significantly different at 12 weeks. Relative risk of a major complication was nearly 4 times higher with ISC than with LBC. The average cost for the LBC mixture was $289.04, and for ISC, including equipment and anesthesia fees, was $1559.42. Conclusion The intraoperative LBC mixture provided equivalent pain relief with significantly fewer major complications and at markedly lower cost than ISC. LBC required almost twice as much OME to attain the same level of pain relief at 24 hours, but there was no significant difference in the cumulative amount of outpatient narcotic use.
Targeting Mitochondria During CPR

Restoration of cardiac activity after sudden cardiac arrest requires reestablishment of aerobic metabolism by reperfusion with oxygenated blood of a myocardium that has been ischemic for variables periods of time. However, reperfusion concomitantly activates a myriad of pathogenic mechanisms known as “reperfusion injury.” At the core of such injury are mitochondria, playing a critical role as effectors and targets. Mitochondrial injury compromises oxidative phosphorylation and also prompts release of cytochrome c to the cytosol and bloodstream where it correlates with severity of injury. Main components of reperfusion injury include Ca2+ overload and oxidative stress. Consistent preclinical work in various animal models at our Resuscitation Institute shows that limiting myocardial cytosolic Na+ overload at the time of reperfusion attenuates mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, maintains oxidative phosphorylation, and limits release of cytochrome c. These beneficial effects lead to preservation of left ventricular distensibility during cardiac arrest (aiding hemodynamically more effective chest compression) and lesser post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. These data suggest that strategies aimed at protecting mitochondria could represent a novel target for resuscitation from cardiac arrest with potential for improving clinical outcomes.
Multiquadrant Subtenon Triamcinolone Injection for Acute Corneal Graft Rejection: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND We report a case of reversal of an acute corneal graft rejection following multiquadrant subtenon triamcinolone injection. CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old woman who had acute corneal graft rejection failed to show resolution of the graft rejection after standard treatment with systemic, intravenous, and topical steroids. The graft rejection, however, responded to injection of triamcinolone in multiple subtenon quadrants. CONCLUSIONS For corneal graft rejection, multiquadrant subtenon triamcinolone injections may be a safe adjunct to systemic treatment.
Numerical and experimental analysis of the Young’s modulus of cold compacted powder materials

Abstract We present co-designed experimental, theoretical, and numerical investigations aiming at estimating the value of the Young’s modulus for cold compacted powder materials. The concept of image-based modeling is used to reconstruct the morphology of the powder structure with high fidelity. Analyses on aluminum powder pellets provide significant understanding of the microstructural mechanisms that preside the increase of the elastic properties with compaction. The role of the stress percolation path and its evolution during material densification is highlighted.
Estimation of missing transmission line reactance data using multiple linear regression

This paper explores the use of Multiple Linear Regression techniques in order to estimate sections of missing line reactance data sometimes found in the data received from synchrophasor measurement units. The high correlation between transmission line reactance and the system frequency is used to predict these estimates. Dynamic predictor coefficients are used to improve accuracy of the estimations and analysis is done to determine the most appropriate parameters to use in the regression model. All model building, analysis and testing is done using multiple sections of real PMU data.
Exploring the Relationship between Experiences with Digital Evolution and Students' Scientific Understanding and Acceptance of Evolution

Recent reforms in K-16 science education advocate for the integration of science content and practice. However, engaging students in authentic science practices can be particularly challenging for certain subjects such as evolution. We describe Avida-ED, a research-based platform for digital evolution that overcomes many of the challenges associated with using biological model organisms in the classroom. We then report the findings of a nationwide, multiple-case study on classroom implementation of Avida-ED and its influence on student understanding and acceptance of evolution. We found that engagement in lessons with Avida-ED both supported student learning of fundamental evolution concepts and was associated with an increase in student acceptance of evolution as evidence-based science. In addition, we found a significant, positive association between increased understanding and acceptance. We discuss the implications of supporting reform-based pedagogical practices with tools such as Avida-ED that integrate science content with authentic science practice.
Stable Boundary Layer Modeling for Air Quality Applications

The stable boundary layer (SBL) is one of the key modeling problems for air quality predictions at local and regional scales. This paper presents an SBL model for the mean wind, temperature, and turbulent flux profiles over a range of stability based on an eddy-diffusivity approach. Model results agree well with large-eddy simulations and observations in both weakly- and very-stable boundary layers.
Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Piezoelectric Bimorph Transducer for Broadband Vibration Energy Harvesting in Multi-Beam and Trapezoidal Approach

The objective of the research is to design a broadband energy harvester device through the multi-beam approach and non-linear trapezoidal geometry approach. The performance of the composite piezoelectric PZT-PZN polycrystalline ceramic material is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics, and results are compared using series configuration of a composite bimorph energy harvester which vibrates at its 1st fundamental frequency. We chose a five cantilever multibeam harvester to demonstrate that individual fundamental modes of the beams can achieve a broader frequency band and generate power. Authors also show that composite trapezoidal beam design leads to high power density broadband frequency response. The multibeam approach resulted in broader bandwidth of 18 Hz while generating a power density of 0.0913 mW/cm 3 whereas the trapezoidal shape generated 2.3 – 2.5 mW/cm 3 with a bandwidth of 4 to 6 Hz. Authors believe that these results could help design broadband energy harvesters to enhance power density as well as bandwidth.
An Alternative Interpretation of the Linearly Weighted Kappa Coefficients for Ordinal Data

When two (or more) observers are independently categorizing a set of observations, Cohen's kappa has become the most notable measure of interobserver agreement. When the categories are ordinal, a weighted form of kappa becomes desirable. The two most popular weighting schemes are the quadratic weights and linear weights. Quadratic weights have been justified by the fact that the corresponding weighted kappa is asymptotically equivalent to an intraclass correlation coefficient. This paper deals with linear weights and shows that the corresponding weighted kappa is equivalent to the unweighted kappa when cumulative probabilities are substituted for probabilities. A numerical example is provided.
Uptake of thyroxine by the perfused rat liver: implications for the free hormone hypothesis.

To investigate the mechanism by which thyroxine (T4) in plasma enters hepatic cells, we measured the rate constants for uptake of free T4 by the perfused rat liver and for dissociation of T4 from its plasma binding proteins. Quantitative autoradiography of liver lobules after perfusion with [125I]T4 indicated an apparent rat constant for removal of free T4 from the sinusoids of at least 1.1 +/- 0.2 s-1. Single-pass extraction of T4 from human serum was 10.6 +/- 1.7% at physiological flow rates (1 ml.min-1.g liver-1). Rate constants for dissociation of T4 from plasma binding proteins at 37 degrees C (determined by rapid filtration) were 0.017 +/- 0.002 s-1 for human thyroid hormone-binding globulin, 0.080 +/- 0.015 s-1 for human thyroid hormone-binding prealbumin, and greater than 0.5 s-1 for human albumin. To investigate the factors that determine the concentration of T4 within hepatic cells, we analyzed the above data together with data reported in the literature on the equilibrium-binding constants and the rate constant for cellular metabolism of T4. Analysis of all of these data using a previously published mathematical model leads to the following conclusions for the physiological state: 1) metabolism, not uptake, is rate limiting to removal of T4 from plasma by the liver; 2) binding equilibrium is present in the intrahepatic plasma; 3) intracellular T4 is in equilibrium with the free T4 pool in plasma (and maintenance of this equilibrium may be an important function of plasma thyroid hormone-binding proteins); and 4) the concentration of T4 within the liver is proportional to the concentration of free T4 in the plasma. Our data do not allow us to determine definitively whether hepatic uptake of T4 occurs only from the free T4 pool in plasma or also from the protein-bound pool by interaction of one or more of the binding proteins with the liver cell. However, mathematical analysis indicates that this distinction is irrelevant to steady-state intracellular hormone concentrations when equilibrium exists between the plasma and cytosolic pools of hormone.
Selection of Drugs for Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer

Intraperitoneal therapy improves the survival of women with ovarian cancer that has been extensively removed at primary surgery. This chapter reviews the basic pharmacologic principles that underlie the use of intraperitoneal therapy and highlights the key factors that determine the pharmacologic advantage of this route of administration. Limited penetration of drug from the surface of tumor nodules is a major challenge. Important determinants of penetration include drug concentration gradients, blood flow in the tumor nodule, capillary permeability, and the ability of the drug to bind to extracellular components of the tumor. Pharmacologic strategies for manipulating these factors promise further improvement in the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Short-term global business immersion courses: Short-term program, long-term effects?

Abstract This article explores the potential impact of short-term global business immersion courses designed for undergraduate students at the Indiana University Kelley School of Business. As part of the Global Foundations Core curriculum, the school offers students a unique opportunity to study a country or region in depth in the classroom and then participate in an accompanying short-term study program abroad. In this article, multiple Kelley faculty who teach global immersion courses offer context-specific strategies and insights into classroom teaching and observed outcomes for student learning. Research shows that short-term study-abroad programs can offer transformative opportunities for students when intentionally designed as part of curriculum, affecting attitudes toward environmental citizenship and shaping global careers. The Chronicle of Education reports that even short study-abroad programs can have a lasting effect. To date, the Kelley School has not measured for standardized learning outcomes across its 14 existing global immersion courses, so this article does not offer commentary on program-wide student learning. However, through analyses of their on-campus course design and respective overseas program activities, Global Business Immersion program faculty share insights into student learning as observed in their individual programs. Our intent is to capture the impact of the courses through the lens of faculty program directors and student participants in three programs across three continents. In addition, we contribute to future research on similar global academic initiatives and add to the expanding body of knowledge on the impacts of short-term study abroad.
Designing an anisotropic noise filter for measuring critical dimension and line edge roughness from scanning electron microscope images

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is often employed in inspecting patterns transferred through a lithographic process. A typical inspection is to measure the critical dimension (CD) and line edge roughness (LER) of each feature in a transferred pattern. Such inspection may be done by utilizing image processing techniques to detect the boundaries of a feature. Since SEM images tend to include a substantial level of noise, a proper reduction of noise is essential before the subsequent process of edge detection. In a previous study, a method of designing an isotropic Gaussian filter adaptive to the noise level was developed. However, its performance for relatively small features was not so good as for large features, especially in the case of LER. The main objective of this study is to improve the design method such that the accuracy of the measured CD and LER is not deteriorated substantially as the feature size decreases. The new design method allows a Gaussian filter to be anisotropic for the better adaptability to the signal and noise, both of which show a substantial level of directional correlation. The cutoff frequency for the direction normal to features is determined to include most of the signal components, and the cutoff frequency in the other direction is set to balance the signal and noise components to be included. This procedure enables a systematic and easy design of the filter. Also, the method of estimating the noise has been modified for higher accuracy. The performance of the new design method has been thoroughly analyzed using the reference images for which feature boundaries are known. It has been shown that the anisotropic filter designed by the proposed method performs better than the isotropic filter from the viewpoint of CD, LER, and power spectral density accuracy.The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is often employed in inspecting patterns transferred through a lithographic process. A typical inspection is to measure the critical dimension (CD) and line edge roughness (LER) of each feature in a transferred pattern. Such inspection may be done by utilizing image processing techniques to detect the boundaries of a feature. Since SEM images tend to include a substantial level of noise, a proper reduction of noise is essential before the subsequent process of edge detection. In a previous study, a method of designing an isotropic Gaussian filter adaptive to the noise level was developed. However, its performance for relatively small features was not so good as for large features, especially in the case of LER. The main objective of this study is to improve the design method such that the accuracy of the measured CD and LER is not deteriorated substantially as the feature size decreases. The new design method allows a Gaussian filter to be anisotropic for the better ...