cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A systems approach to health insurance policy information: a preliminary taxonomy of health insurance issues, program options, problems and solutions.

Abstract A methodology is proposed for assisting health insurance policy analysts by developing a systems approach to health insurance information and literature. The general approach is to supply a link between the quantitative and qualitative information available, and the analytic needs of policy analysts. There is a great deal of information available, but traditional cataloging and indexing techniques do not adequately meet the policy researcher's and analyst's information needs. The most important of these once goals and limitations are identified, is knowledge of the interrelationships between program options in terms of expected results (problems, solutions) in a wide range of settings. The key element of the approach used is the concept of an information frame, based on considering health insurance as systems of issues, program options, problems, and solutions with interrelationships explicitly defined. This approach would provide initially qualitative identification of these interrelationships and make them available via a machine readable taxonomy of the components. With substantiating literature references, preliminary work on the building of the taxonomy is based on seven major health insurance issues, and over 70 program options, 325 problems, and 350 solutions so far identified for 170 of the problems. The implementation of this methodology would provide analytically structured information for policy analysts in a format not presently available. The multi-country information to be included would allow consideration of alternatives which might otherwise be neglected. The result would improve an important element of the analytic process, and reduce the lead time required for inquiries by health insurance policy analysts, legislators, health planners and administrators.
Substance Use and Other Mental Health Disorders Among Veterans Returning to the Inner City: Prevalence, Correlates, and Rates of Unmet Treatment Need

Estimates of substance use and other mental health disorders of veterans (N = 269) who returned to predominantly low-income minority New York City neighborhoods between 2009 and 2012 are presented. Although prevalences of posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and depression clustered around 20%, the estimated prevalence rates of alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, and substance use disorder were 28%, 18%, and 32%, respectively. Only about 40% of veterans with any diagnosed disorder received some form of treatment. For alcohol use disorder, the estimate of unmet treatment need was 84%, which is particularly worrisome given that excessive alcohol use was the greatest substance use problem.
Cross-Reactivity of Fosphenytoin in Four Phenytoin Immunoassays

Fosphenytoin, 5,5-diphenyl-3-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-2,4-imidazolidine-dione disodium salt (Cerebyx®; ParkeDavis), is a phosphorylated form of the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin. Fosphenytoin itself has no pharmacological activity but is dephosphorylated in vivo by phosphorylases to the active drug, phenytoin. The elimination half-life of fosphenytoin in plasma is 8–15 min in healthy subjects (1)(2). Fosphenytoin can be used for parenteral or intramuscular administration, where its superior aqueous solubility results in less severe side effects than does phenytoin (2)(3). Few data, however, are available on the interference of fosphenytoin in phenytoin immunoassays, which are currently the most common method used to monitor patients’ phenytoin concentrations. In an abstract (4), Kugler et al. reported that the TDx® Phenytoin assay (Abbott Labs.) was interfered with by fosphenytoin. We report here the results of detailed cross-reactivity studies for fosphenytoin in four phenytoin im-munoassays: ACS:180® Automated Chemiluminescence System (Chiron Diagnostics), TDx Phenytoin and Phenytoin II, and AxSym® Phenytoin II …
Antineoplastic agents 390. Isolation and structure of phakellistatin 12 from a Chuuk archipelago marine sponge.

Abstract Phakellistatin 6 (7), a trace (7.5 × 10 −7 % yield) constituent of the marine sponge Phakellia costata located in the Federated States of Micronesia has been found to significantly inhibit growth of certain human cancer cell lines (GI 50 , 0.1 to 0.01 μg/ml). The structure of phakellistatin 6 (7) was deduced as cyclo (Pro-Trp-Leu-Pro-Ile-Pro-Phe) employing a combination of MS/MS and high field (500 MHz) 2D-NMR procedures followed by chiral (all S amino acids) assignments using hydrolysis → derivatisation → chiral chromatographic techniques.
Business Intelligence An Industrial Perspective

Information technology has long enabled enterprises to conduct business transactions efficiently. The advent of Web and the accompanying pervasive search, retrieval and mining technologies have opened up a new frontier for enterprises. Enterprises, private or public, are expected to capitalize on information of many sources and forms to detect events and respond to changes quickly for business advantages. In this talk, we will discuss next-generation business intelligence architectures that will likely enable business intelligence applications to scale significantly both in computation and in volume of data, and thus opening up possibilities that are not practical today, by fusing parallel computing and parallel data management technologies and by going way beyond the type and scope of data harnessed in traditional online transaction processing systems.
Gender differences in lipid and glucose kinetics during short-term fasting

Data obtained from studies conducted in animal models and humans suggest that gender affects the metabolic response to fasting. However, differences in body composition between males and females co...
HyperPuja: a Tibetan Singing Bowl controller

HyperPuja is a novel controller that closely mimicks the behavior of a Tibetan Singing Bowl rubbed with a "puja" stick. Our design hides the electronics from the performer to maintain the original look and feel of the instrument and the performance. This is achieved by using wireless technology to keep the stick un-tethered as well as burying the electronics inside the the core of the stick. The measured parameters closely resemble the input parameters of a related physical synthesis model allowing for convenient mapping of sensor parameters to synthesis input. The new controller allows for flexible choice of sound synthesis while fully maintaining the characteristics of the physical interaction of the original instrument.
Reaction of hexafluorothioacetone dimer with indoles, pyrroles, furans and thiophenes

Abstract Reaction of indoles with 2,2,4,4-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dithietane 1 in the presence of CsF catalyst led to the rapid and high yield formation of indoles bearing a SCH(CF 3 ) 2 group in the 3-position. The same reaction carried out in the absence of catalyst unexpectedly resulted in the formation of indoles bearing a C(CF 3 ) 2 S 2 CH(CF 3 ) 2 group in the 3-position. Pyrrole, 2-Ethyl-1H-pyrrole and 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole were found to be more reactive toward 1 , giving the corresponding 1:1 adducts, while both furan and thiophene were not active toward 1 even at elevated temperature. Activated 2,3-dimethylfuran gave the corresponding 1:1 adduct in the reaction with 1 , while both 2,5-dimethylfuran and 2,5-dimethylthiophene reacted with 1 at elevated temperature giving the corresponding ene-products.
Effects of mean airway pressure on gas transport during high-frequency ventilation in dogs

In 10 anesthetized, paralyzed, supine dogs, arterial blood gases and CO2 production (VCO2) were measured after 10-min runs of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) at three levels of mean airway pressure (Paw) (0, 5, and 10 cmH2O). HFV was delivered at frequencies (f) of 3, 6, and 9 Hz with a ventilator that generated known tidal volumes (VT) independent of respiratory system impedance. At each f, VT was adjusted at Paw of 0 cmH2O to obtain a eucapnia. As Paw was increased to 5 and 10 cmH2O, arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) increased and arterial PO2 (PaO2) decreased monotonically and significantly. The effect of Paw on PaCO2 and PaO2 was the same at 3, 6, and 9 Hz. Alveolar ventilation (VA), calculated from VCO2 and PaCO2, significantly decreased by 22.7 +/- 2.6 and 40.1 +/- 2.6% after Paw was increased to 5 and 10 cmH2O, respectively. By taking into account the changes in anatomic dead space (VD) with lung volume, VA at different levels of Paw fits the gas transport relationship for HFV derived previously: VA = 0.13 (VT/VD)1.2 VTf (J. Appl. Physiol. 60: 1025–1030, 1986). We conclude that increasing Paw and lung volume significantly decreases gas transport during HFV and that this effect is due to the concomitant increase of the volume of conducting airways.
Identifying Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves Using Theoretical Wave Eigenvectors

AbstractConvectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) are often identified by space–time filtering techniques that make use of the eigenvalues of linear shallow water theory. Here, instead, a method is presented for identifying CCEWs by projection onto the eigenvectors of the theory. This method does not use space–time filtering; instead, wave signals corresponding to the first baroclinic Kelvin, Rossby, and mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves are constructed from reanalysis data by a series of projections onto (i) vertical and meridional modes and (ii) the wave eigenvectors. In accordance with the theory, only dry variables, that is, winds and geopotential height, are used; no proxy for convection is used. Using lag–lead regression, composites of the structures associated with each eigenvector signal during boreal summer are shown to contain all the features of the theory as well as some additional features seen in previous observational studies, such as vertical tilts. In addition, these composites exhibit...
A course module on mobile malware

Many universities have introduced mobile computing into computer science curricula due to emerging popularity of mobile devices. The large amount of personal information stored in mobile devices as well as the trend of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), make it very important to educate mobile device users with knowledge and skills about mobile security. Mobile security can be taught by standalone courses or integrated into existing curriculum by developing course modules. This paper describes a course module on mobile malware which includes a mobile malware tutorial, and two hands-on labs. Initial teaching experiences from integrating this course module in an existing computer security course are discussed.
Immunomodulation in post-metamorphic northern leopard frogs, Lithobates pipiens, following larval exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether

Pollutants and disease are factors implicated in amphibian population declines, and it is hypothesized that these factors exert a synergistic adverse effect, which is mediated by pollutant-induced immunosuppression. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous pollutants that can exert immunotoxicity, making them of interest to test effects on amphibian immune function. We orally exposed Lithobates (Rana) pipiens tadpoles to environmentally realistic levels (0-634 ng/g wet diet) of a pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) from as soon as they became free-swimming through metamorphic climax. To assess adaptive immune response in juvenile frogs, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure specific IgY production following immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Specific KLH antibody response was significantly decreased in juvenile frogs that had been exposed to PBDEs as tadpoles. When assessing innate immune responses, we found significantly different neutrophil counts among treatments; however, phagocytic activity of neutrophils was not significantly different. Secretion of antimicrobial skin peptides (AMPs) nonsignificantly decreased with increasing PBDE concentrations, and no significant effect of PBDE treatment was observed on efficacy of AMPs to inhibit chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) growth. Our findings demonstrate that environmentally realistic concentrations of PBDEs are able to alter immune function in frogs; however, further research is needed to determine how these alterations impact disease susceptibility in L. pipiens.
Identification of blood group antigens and minor cell populations by the fluorescent antibody method.

It is possible to produce fluorescence of erythrocytes as the result of specific antigen-antibody reactions of various blood group antigens; thus far, the factors A and B, a variety of Rh antigens and Kidd, have been successfully demonstrated with this method. It is important to realize that in the presence of adequate negative controls, low intensity fluorescence like that obtained with Rh antigens is nevertheless specific in systems involving erythrocytes. The method discriminates between A1 and A2 cells. More antibody must be attached to the red cell for fluorescence than for agglutination. The relative paucity of antigenic sites of Rh substance as compared to A and B antigens is reflected by the difference in intensity of fluorescence. The fluorescent antibody technic has been used successfully for the demonstration, and, to some extent, quantitation of minor cell populations in in vitro mixtures and in vivo. Injected Rh-positive erythrocytes were demonstrated in the blood of an Rh-negative volunteer during a period of 20 days. Fetal Rh-positive erythrocytes were demonstrated in several Rh-negative women, both with and without antibody, in the last trimester of gestation.
Analysis on the surveillance results of dengue fever vectors in Guangxi from 2005 to 2008

Objective To provide the basis for the prediction, early warning and development of control strategies of dengue epidemic by analyzing the dengue surveillance data in three national surveillance spots in Guangxi from 2005 to 2008. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conduced based on the dengue fever data reported through the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and the surveillance results of designated spots from 2005 to 2008. Results From 2005 to 2008, two imported cases of dengue fever were reported in Guangxi while no case observed in the three national surveillance spots. The predominant species of vector was Aedes albopictus, though no Ae. aegypti were detected. The breteau index(BI) was above 5, the security level, in all surveillance spots most of the year, particularly in Fangchenggang and Qinzhou city, where the indices stayed above 20 most of the time. The Aedes larval density peaked from June to August, with temporary containers being the major positive culprits. Neither dengue virus nucleic acids, nor viral isolates, were detected from 1208 Ae. albopictus. Conclusion With the presence of dengue-carrying vectors, Guangxi has faced potential risks of dengue epidemic. Therefore, the surveillance system and public health education should be strengthened to curb the BI under 20.
Single Molecule Discrimination of Heteropolytungstates and Their Isomers in Solution with a Nanometer-Scale Pore

We report a new method to identify metallic nanoclusters (polyoxometalate structures) in solution at the single molecule limit using a nanometer-scale pore. The technique allows the measurement of polyoxometalates with over 2 orders of magnitude lower analyte concentration than conventional analytical chemistry tools. Furthermore, pH-dependent structural changes in phosphotungstic acid are measured with protein nanopores and validated with NMR. We further demonstrate that the method can also discriminate [PW9O34]9– structural isomers. The results suggest this technique can serve as a complementary approach to traditional methods.
Dearomatization Reactions Using Phthaloyl Peroxide

A new oxidative dearomatization reaction has been developed using phthaloyl peroxide to chemoselectively install two oxygen-carbon bonds into aromatic precursors. The oxidation reaction proceeds only once; addition of superstoichiometric equivalents of phthaloyl peroxide does not react further with the newly generated 1,3-cyclohexadiene. The reaction has been challenged by the addition of different functional groups and shown to maintain chemoselectivity. Due to the broad reactivity with 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene derivatives, linear free energy correlations were determined and support a mechanism proceeding through diradicals analogous to arene-hydroxylation reactions using phthaloyl peroxide.
Using a High-Capacity Chemically Activated Cow Bone to Remove Fluoride: Field-Scale Column Tests and Laboratory Regeneration Studies

AbstractIn this study, a novel material, chemically activated cow bone (CAB), was further evaluated for fluoride removal via laboratory batch and field column studies using fluoride-impacted groundwaters in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Regeneration of the exhausted CAB was evaluated using 0.05 M NaOH and 0.01 M Ca(OH)2 solutions. Water-quality parameters were analyzed to ensure that the CAB-treated water is safe for human consumption. The study indicated that the CAB produced in the laboratory and field showed fourfold improvement in fluoride removal capacity as compared to thermally activated cow bone (commonly known as bone char). The study also showed that more than 92% adsorption capacity of the exhausted CAB media can be regained using 0.05 M NaOH and 0.01 M Ca(OH)2 solutions. The water-quality analysis conducted on the highly fluoride-impacted drinking waters treated using CAB media were found to be safe for public consumption. Therefore, these results further reinforce that CAB media can be used to...
Early Intervention Programs: Therapy Needs of Children Ages 0–3 Years Pre- and Post-cochlear Implantation

This chapter provides a rationale and guidelines for quality birth-to-3 early intervention services for children with cochlear implants and their families. It outlines the positive benefit of early intervention for children with hearing loss and their families if the child is enrolled soon after diagnosis in an intervention program, if intervention services are provided by qualified and experienced professionals, and if the services the family and child receive are designed to maximize listening, language, and literacy development which will carry over to the child’s daily home and community environments. A framework for designing and delivering therapy content across a continuum of chronological and listening ages is shared, including strategies that enhance listening, language, and literacy and activities professionals can utilize with parents and their children who are pre- and post-cochlear implantation. Included are therapy needs for the child and parent both pre- and post-implant, and guidelines for the interventionist and recommendations for carryover activities that parents and their child can engage in at home during daily routines.
Markets in Votes and the Tyranny of Wealth

A standard objection to a market in political votes is that it will enable the rich politically to dominate the poor. If a market in votes was allowed then the poor would be the most likely sellers and the rich the most likely buyers. The rich would thus accumulate the votes of the poor, and so the candidates elected and the policies passed would represent only their interests and not those of the electorate as a whole. To ensure that the poor do not become de facto disenfranchised, then, markets in votes should be disallowed. This objection seems so straightforward and compelling that it has received almost no critical scrutiny. This is unfortunate, for close examination reveals that this argument is not as straightforward as it initially appears. Indeed, there are (at least) four different ways of understanding this objection. It could be understood as expressing: (1) the concern that markets in votes would enable candidates to win elections who would otherwise lose them; (2) the concern that they would enable the election of candidates opposed by the majority of the electorate; (3) the concern that they would lead to the poor having disproportionately low political influence; and (4) the concern that they would lead to the rich having disproportionately high political influence. I will argue in this paper that only (3) and (4) could plausibly ground objections to markets in votes. Moreover, these will only plausibly ground objections to unrestricted markets in votes; they will not ground objections to markets in votes per se. Thus, if we are to continue to object to markets in political votes we will have to do this on grounds other than that were they to be allowed the rich will politically dominate the poor.
Work Stress Study of the Box Making Factory workers at Work Place

The study observed the effect of type of job on Work stress of workers of Box Making Packaging Industries in Vapi G.I.D.C.
Entrainment of juvenile horseshoe crab activity to artificial tides

AbstractJuvenile American horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus, express both daily and tidal rhythms. To determine if, and how, tidal cues influence the expression of these rhythms, we exposed 25 animals to artificial tides, and 17 to artificial tides with inundation, both with a 12:12 LD cycle. In the first experiment, 24% expressed daily rhythms of activity, 24% tidal rhythms, 12% a combination of the two, and the rest were arrhythmic. Under subsequent atidal conditions some expressed daily rhythms, but more were circatidal. In the second experiment, 6% expressed daily rhythms, 71% tidal, 12% a combination, and 12% were arrhythmic. Those expressing tidal rhythms were more active during flood/high tide, while daily animals tended to be nocturnal. Under subsequent constant conditions, the majority exhibited circatidal activity, with some expressing one activity bout per day. We conclude that juvenile horseshoe crabs entrain to artificial tides, with inundation cycles providing stronger cues than water dept...
Minimizing heat generation by radiative cooling in a Ytterbium-doped silica fiber laser

We study thermal management and radiative cooling in a Ytterbium-doped silica fiber laser and design a specific fiber laser that minimizes the thermal load while maintaining an efficient power operation.
Differences in Sleep Patterns and Problems by Race in a Clinical Sample of Black and White Preschoolers

Study Objectives:Community-based research indicates that Black preschoolers tend to have more bedtime difficulties and are at higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared to White prescho...
Immune response proteins as predictive biomarkers of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients.

Cancer treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) can induce cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Currently, there are no specific biomarkers that can identify patients at risk during the initial doses ...
Study on fault diagnosis method of transformer using multi-neural network and evidence theory

In order to solve the problems of power transformer such as the fault can be reflected by different characteristic signal from different side and complexity of fault reason and phenomenon, a synthetic diagnosis method using multi-neural network and evidence theory for transformer fault diagnosis is presented. Various kinds of data are dealt by using neural network's excellent abilities of learning, memory and recognition. Integrating data fusion methods, neural network's preliminary results are diagnosed by evidence theory. It has been shown by experiments that the accuracy rate of transformer fault diagnosis is up to 73%.
Evaluation of Two Thermo-TDR Probes for Soil Moisture, Density, and Thermal Conductivity

Thermo-TDR probes can function both as a regular time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe, for measuring moisture and density, and a dual-heat probe for measuring thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and volumetric heat capacity. The probe measurement sensitivity and accuracy are affected by probe length, diameter, and spacing. In this paper, two thermo-TDR probes were fabricated based on an improved design of a previous one. The two probes were first calibrated for measurement of dielectric constant and electrical conductivity using standard chemical solutions. Then, moisture, density, and thermal measurements were taken in custom designed compaction molds filled with ASTM fine-grade compacted sand using the thermo-TDR probes as well as KD2 probes. Calibrations are reported for the thermo-TDR probes measuring soil moisture, density, and thermal conductivity. The effect of sensor fabrication and sample preparation tests are evaluated. Recommendations are provided for using thermo-TDR probes for measuring in sand.
Effect of Shock Mach Number on Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability in Spherical Geometry

Lombardini et al. [1] have recently carried out Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) simulations in cylindrical geometry. RMI for a spherical axisymmetric flow was investigated by Dutta et al. [2].We consider amore general initial interface perturbation, with a spherical egg-carton profile similar to the one used in planar RMI simulations [3, 4]. An interesting feature of this profile is that the perturbationwavelength is nearly constant over the spherical shell spanned by the material interface. The fluids considered in this study are air outside and SF6 inside. The shock is launched from the air (lighter) side of the interface. As the flow evolves, a series of reflected and transmitted shocks are generated,which via baroclinic deposition of vorticity and its subsequent transport serve to mix the two fluids in a turbulent mixing zone.
Structure and Function of HIV and SIV Nef Proteins

Unlike many avian and murine retroviruses, human retroviruses and some simian retroviruses are characterized by the presence of genes in addition to those which encode virion structural proteins (gag and env) and enzymatic proteins (pol) (Fig. 1) (reviewed in Bryant & Ratner, 1990). These additional genetic determinants bear no strong resemblance to normal cellular sequences, and are thus, distinct from onc genes found in acute transforming viruses. Some of these genes are essential for virus replication, and have been termed “regulatory” genes. Examples of such regulatory genes are the tax and tat genes of HTLV-I/II and HIV/SIV families, respectively, which enhance viral transcription, and the rex and rev genes of HTLV-I/II and HIV/SIV families, respectively, which promote the transport of unspliced and single spliced viral mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Trauma-induced Acute Epidural Hematoma: The Rising Sun in a Progressively Lethargic Man.

A young adult, 18 years of age, presented to the emergency department with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from a bicycle versus vehicle head-on collision. The patient initially presented in a promising condition but quickly deteriorated into a state of unconsciousness with no meaningful responses to stimuli or coordinated voluntary movement. Stat computed tomography (CT) revealed a large, right-sided, acute epidural hematoma (EDH) with mass-effect and a severe midline shift indicative of immediate surgery. This case highlights the importance of closely monitoring traumatic brain injury patients regardless of initial presentation and neurological exam results, as the patient's condition may drastically and rapidly change without much warning. Additionally, it is key to utilize regular radiological studies on these patients, to detect any neurological changes as close to onset as possible. Lastly, it is imperative that neurosurgeons closely monitor the patients/ state of consciousness as a rapid decline serves as a key diagnostic indicator of the need for immediate surgery.
Clickers and Online Homework in the Criminal Justice Classroom: A Test Study

AbstractThe criminal justice discipline has few studies that explore the use of technology as a supplement to traditional face-to-face instruction. Using a sample of criminal justice students enrol...
The Association between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Functional Activity Questionnaire in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).

OBJECTIVE To examine the association of global cognitive function assessed via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and deficiencies in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) on the Functional Activity Questionnaire (FAQ) in hypertensive older adults in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). METHODS In cross-sectional analysis, 9,296 SPRINT participants completed the MoCA at baseline. The FAQ was obtained from 2,705 informants for SPRINT participants scoring <21 or <22 on the MoCA, depending on education. FAQ severity ranged from no dysfunction (Score = 0) to moderate/severe dysfunction (Score = 5+). RESULTS Participants who triggered FAQ administration were older, less educated, and more likely to be Black or Hispanic (p < 0.001). Sixty-one percent (n = 1,661) of participants' informants reported no functional difficulties in IADLs. An informant report, however, of any difficulty on the FAQ was associated with lower MoCA scores after controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education (p < 0.05). Partial proportional odds regression indicates that participants scoring lower on the MoCA (in the 10th to <25th, fifth to <10th, and <fifth percentiles) had higher adjusted odds of their informant indicating dysfunction on the FAQ, relative to participants scoring at or above the 25th percentile on the MoCA (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS While lower global cognitive function was strongly associated with IADL deficits on FAQ, informants indicated no functional difficulties for the majority of SPRINT participants, despite low MoCA scores. These findings can help with designing future studies which aim to detect mild cognitive impairment and/or dementia in large, community-dwelling populations.
Constructive Clinical Supervision in Counseling and Psychotherapy

Constructive Clinical Supervision in Counseling and Psychotherapy articulates a practical, theoretical approach to supervision that integrates salient elements of a number of diverse but complementary theoretical perspectives from the fields of human development, psychotherapy, and clinical supervision to assist in facilitating supervisee growth and change from a constructivist framework. This constructive approach to supervision is designed to serve as a practical, integrative meta-theory for supervisors of any theoretical orientation. For readers who already identify with constructivist ideas, this book will provide a theoretical grounding for their work, along with strategies to deepen their clinical practice. For those who are new to constructivist thinking, this book offers an innovative possibility for conceptualizing their role as clinical supervisors and alternative interventions to consider during times of impasse.
The Changing Landscape of Diabetes Mortality in the United States Across Region and Rurality, 1999‐2016

PURPOSE This brief report examines place-based differences in diabetes mortality in order to understand whether disparities in diabetes mortality have changed across United States Census regions and levels of rurality over time. METHODS We use data from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1999 to 2016 to analyze changes in diabetes mortality over time and across geographical regions of the United States. FINDINGS We find evidence that diabetes mortality has declined in the United States over the past 2 decades, but that improvements in mortality vary considerably by place. Improvements are observed in urban America and in the Northeast and Midwest while diabetes mortality has remained largely unchanged in rural areas, particularly in the rural South. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, but important differences have emerged in the burden of this disease. Reductions in diabetes mortality are lagging in rural areas, and the rural South in particular, relative to other areas of the country. Continued innovations in care and targeted interventions in rural areas are warranted.
Exposing Methods: The 2014 European Parliament Elections

The multitude of apportionment methods that is available for the translation of vote counts into seat numbers is exemplified. The examples are taken from the 2014 European Parliament elections. For each of the 28 Member States the computational steps to convert the parties’ vote counts into the parties’ seat numbers are explained. The vote patterns on the ballot sheets are described, and the list positions of the successful candidates among the parties’ nominees are identified. The exposition is interspersed with conceptual remarks concerning proportional representation systems at large.
Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Present during Veal Harvest

Beef and veal products have been vehicles implicated in the transmission of Salmonella enterica, a gastroenteritis-causing bacteria. Recent regulatory samples collected from veal have indicated bob veal, or calves harvested within days of birth, have higher rates of Salmonella than samples collected from formula-fed veal, or calves raised 20 weeks on milk replacer formula before harvest. To investigate this problem, we collected samples from veal calf hides, preevisceration carcasses, and final carcasses at five veal processors that harvested bob or formula-fed veal or both. Prevalence and concentrations of Salmonella were determined, and then the isolates were characterized for serovar and antibiotic susceptibility. Salmonella was more prevalent (P < 0.05) among bob veal than formula-fed veal hides, preevisceration carcasses, and final carcass (84.2 versus 15.6%, 62.8 versus 10.1%, and 12.0 versus 0.4%, respectively). Concentrations of Salmonella could be estimated by using regression order statistics on hides and preevisceration carcasses at two veal plants, with one harvesting bob veal and the other bob and formula-fed veal. The concentration of Salmonella on bob veal hides at the plants was 1.45 ± 0.70 and 2.04 ± 1.00 log CFU/100 cm2, greater (P < 0.05) than on formula-fed veal hides, which was 1.10 ± 1.51 log CFU/100 cm2. Concentrations on carcasses, however, were very low. Seventeen Salmonella serovars were identified among 710 isolates. Salmonella serovars London, Cerro, and Muenster were most common to bob veal and made up 50.7, 18.7, and 6.3% of the isolates, respectively, while serovar Montevideo (6.8% of isolates) was most common to formula-fed veal. Although bob veal had increased prevalence and concentrations of Salmonella, one group of formula-fed veal was found to harbor human disease-related antibiotic-resistant Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and the monophasic variant of Typhimurium (1,4,[5],12:i:-). Veal processors have made changes to improve the safety of veal, but further efforts are necessary from both bob and formula-fed veal to address Salmonella.
The Use of Outpatient Analgesic Opioids After Surgery or Treatment in Pediatric Orthopaedics

Purpose: Opioid analgesics are a mainstay for pain management after pediatric orthopaedic surgery or fracture treatment. Scrutiny of their use has mounted recently, due to evolving data on the potential complications inherent to these medications. In effort to better understand current prescribing practices of pediatric orthopaedists, a survey was conducted of members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA). Methods: The POSNA membership was surveyed by email on their prescribing preferences of outpatient opioid analgesics for a variety of situations. The survey presented a number of scenarios that may require pain …
Barriers to attachment? Relationships among constraints, attachment, and visitation to urban parks.

Abstract This article examined constraints to visiting urban parks, whether constraints varied between traditionally well-served (white majority) and underserved (minorities) populations, and relationships among constraints, visitation, and place attachment for these groups. Data from two samples of Portland, Oregon (US) residents (n = 620, 2708) showed the primary constraints were limited knowledge about these parks, lack of access, and being too busy. There were minimal differences in these and most other constraints between underserved and well-served groups, but underserved residents were more constrained by race and cultural issues (e.g., lack of park visitor and staff diversity). There were no differences between groups in visitation or attachment associated with their favorite park. Constraints and visitation explained 20% of the variance in attachment for well-served residents and 29–32% for underserved residents, and constraints explained 3–18% of the variance in visitation for well-served residents and 9–11% for underserved residents. The strongest negative predictor of attachment for both groups was these parks not being the best places, and strong positive predictors for both groups were visitation frequency and lack of park facilities and services. For well-served residents, race and cultural issues were also strong predictors of attachment. For underserved residents, limited knowledge about these parks was also a strong predictor. The only predictors of visitation were fear, access, and costs. Management implications Managers of these parks might reduce constraints and increase visitation and attachment by improving awareness through advertising, increasing diversity (e.g., staff, visitors, programs), partnering with community organizations, enhancing facilities and services, making these parks safer and more accessible and affordable, and investigating what would make their parks interesting, welcoming, well-known, and better choices.
Substance Use among Immigrants to the United States

There are a great variety of psychoactive substances known to human beings, mostly plant-based chemicals that change perception and sensation. Some of these are relatively mild in their natural state, but can be refined into powerful drugs. For example, the coca leaf chewed by Andean peasants is a mild stimulant, but after large amounts of coca leaf have been crushed, cooked, and chemically treated to isolate and concentrate the active ingredient, the resulting cocaine powder or crack cocaine “rock” becomes a powerful and powerfully addicting substance. Similarly, while any uncooked berry or fruit juice left overnight will begin to ferment, the resultant mildly alcoholic mash is far different in nature from triple distilled Scotch whiskey, for example.
Inter-relationships of Metacarpals 1 to 5, Regarding Their Length, Metaphyseal Midshaft Width, Articular Surface Area of Head and Base, Age, and Sex: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: Metacarpal factures are common, comprising up to 50% of hand fractures. More work is needed to further our understanding of metacarpal anatomy to improve fixation techniques and reduce ...
Modelling of cast-in-place concrete tunnel liners condition

Modelling the condition of highway tunnel liners helps to better understand the deterioration of tunnel liners and to more cost-effectively optimise the respective maintenance and rehabilitation ac...
A Comparison of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Medical Residents: A Report from the Medical Trainee CHANGE Study.

Purpose: The pervasiveness of sexual minority stressors in the U.S. medical training environment is well documented, yet little is known about the mental health impact of such stressors on sexual m...
Metrics for Benchmarking and Uncertainty Quantification: Quality, Applicability, and Best Practices for Machine Learning in Chemistry

This review aims to draw attention to two issues of concern when we set out to make machine learning work in the chemical and materials domain, that is, statistical loss function metrics for the validation and benchmarking of data-derived models, and the uncertainty quantification of predictions made by them. They are often overlooked or underappreciated topics as chemists typically only have limited training in statistics. Aside from helping to assess the quality, reliability, and applicability of a given model, these metrics are also key to comparing the performance of different models and thus for developing guidelines and best practices for the successful application of machine learning in chemistry.
Supporting Social Work Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, a national emergency was declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In accordance with public health guidelines, social work programs rapidly responded by moving their courses online and...
Dimensional Crossover of Thermal Transport in Hybrid Boron Nitride Nanostructures.

Although boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) and hexagonal-BN (hBN) are superb one-dimensional (1D) and 2D thermal conductors respectively, bringing this quality into 3D remains elusive. Here, we focus on pillared boron nitride (PBN) as a class of 3D BN allotropes and demonstrate how the junctions, pillar length and pillar distance control phonon scattering in PBN and impart tailorable thermal conductivity in 3D. Using reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, our results indicate that although a clear phonon scattering at the junctions accounts for the lower thermal conductivity of PBN compared to its parent BNNT and hBN allotropes, it acts as an effective design tool and provides 3D thermo-mutable features that are absent in the parent structures. Propelled by the junction spacing, while one geometrical parameter, e.g., pillar length, controls the thermal transport along the out-of-plane direction of PBN, the other parameter, e.g., pillar distance, dictates the gross cross-sectional area, which ...
The scientific basis for the use of biomaterials in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP)

Objectives To review the scientific and clinical literature to assess the basis for the use of biomaterials in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Pelvic floor diseases (PFDS), such as SUI and POP, are common and vexing disorders. While synthetic mesh-based repairs have long been considered an option for PFD treatment, and their efficacy established in randomised clinical trials, safety of its use has recently been called into question. Materials and Methods Using the PubMed, MEDLINE and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) databases, we performed a critical review of English-language publications that contained the following keywords: ‘pelvic organ prolapse’, ‘stress urinary incontinence’, ‘mesh’, ‘biomaterial’, ‘collagen’, ‘elastin’ and ‘extracellular matrix’. After reviewing for relevance for mesh use in the pelvis by two independent reviewers with a third available in the case of disagreement, a total of 60 articles were included in the present review. Results We found that many of the potential causes of PFDs are due to altered metabolism of patient extracellular matrix (specifically collagen, elastin, and their respective enzymes) and as such, repairs using native tissue may suffer from the same abnormalities leading to a subsequent lack of repair integrity. However, mesh use is not without its unique risks. Several publications have suggested that biomaterials may undergo alteration after implantation, but these findings have not been demonstrated in the normal milieu. Conclusion While the decision for the use of synthetic mesh is scientifically sound, its benefits and risks must be discussed with the patient in an informed decision-making process.
Parametric reconstruction method in optical tomograhy

Optical tomography consists of reconstructing the spatial of a medium's optical properties from measurements of transmitted light on the boundary of the medium. Mathematically this problem amounts to parameter identification for the radiative transport equation (ERT) or diffusion approximation (DA). However, this type of boundary-value problem is highly ill-posed and the image reconstruction process is often unstable and non-unique. To overcome this problem, we present a parametric inverse method that considerably reduces the number of variables being reconstructed. In this way the amount of measured data is equal or larger than the number of unknowns. Using synthetic data, we show examples that demonstrate how this approach leads to improvements in imaging quality.
Amino Acid Antagonist Death in Escherichia coli

Abstract Six analogues of amino acids killed corresponding auxotrophs of Escherichia coli. With all but one analogue, protein synthesis was required for lethality.
Action in Perception

"Perception is not something that happens to us, or in us," writes Alva Noe. "It is something we do." In Action in Perception, Noe argues that perception and perceptual consciousness depend on capacities for action and thought -- that perception is a kind of thoughtful activity. Touch, not vision, should be our model for perception. Perception is not a process in the brain, but a kind of skillful activity of the body as a whole. We enact our perceptual experience. To perceive, according to this enactive approach to perception, is not merely to have sensations; it is to have sensations that we understand. In Action in Perception, Noe investigates the forms this understanding can take. He begins by arguing, on both phenomenological and empirical grounds, that the content of perception is not like the content of a picture; the world is not given to consciousness all at once but is gained gradually by active inquiry and exploration. Noe then argues that perceptual experience acquires content thanks to our possession and exercise of practical bodily knowledge, and examines, among other topics, the problems posed by spatial content and the experience of color. He considers the perspectival aspect of the representational content of experience and assesses the place of thought and understanding in experience. Finally, he explores the implications of the enactive approach for our understanding of the neuroscience of perception.
Cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) enhanced flight rules (CEFR)

The cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) enhanced flight rules (CEFR) application is an extension of the current visual separation procedure used by ATC. In this application, the flight crew is authorized to use the CDTI in lieu of out-the-window visual contact of an aircraft during visual and instrument approaches. This research is being conducted as part of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) safe flight 21 program. The initial implementation will require the flight crew to establish visual contact with the traffic to follow prior to losing sight of the aircraft (due to a visibility restricting condition such as a cloud layer or haze). During the period of visual obscuration, the pilot will use CDTI to maintain awareness of the relative position and speed of other traffic. After passing through the visibility restricting condition, and prior to landing, the flight crew will use the CDTI to assist in re-establishing out-the-window visual contact. The CDTI will also be used to initially detect, monitor, and reacquire the traffic to follow more effectively.