cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using perceptual mapping methods to understand gender differences in perceived barriers and benefits of clinical research participation in urban minority HIV+ patients

Minority participation in HIV clinical trials research is critical to understanding the impact of medications or behavioral interventions, but little is known about gender differences in perceptions of participation. We surveyed 50 minority HIV+ patients from an urban clinic to assess perceived risks/benefits of clinical trial research participation and used innovative marketing methods to analyze results. Perceptual mapping and vector message-modeling, a method that creates 3-D models representing how groups conceptualize elements, were used to assess how male and female participants could be motivated to participate. Results showed men farther away from participation and more concerned with HIV disclosure and experimentation than women. Men expressed distrust of the medical system, doubted HIV's origin, and knew less about research implementation. Women were closer to participation in both behavior and medical trials and perceived medication issues as more significant, including fear of losing medication stability, medications not working, being in the placebo group, and experiencing side effects. Vector modeling shows that messages would need to focus on different aspects of clinical research for men and women and that interventions aimed at minority HIV+ patients to encourage clinical trial participation would need to be targeted to their unique perceptions. Understanding gender perceptions of HIV clinical research has significant implications for targeting messages to increase minority participation.
Spatial and temporal properties of environmental exposure assessments related to ground water contamination

This paper describes a new methodology for modeling contaminant transport in ground water for (1) better quantifying the magnitude of exposure in a contaminated aquifer, (2) characterizing the spatial and temporal variation of exposure in a heterogeneous aquifer, and (3) providing more tools for characterizing population exposure. This methodology is also applied to a semi-hypothetical case study.
ON THE ANALYSIS OF THERMAL STRESSES IN VISCO-ELASTIC SOLIDS

Abstract : This paper is devoted exclusively to solids that, under isothermal conditions and for infinitesimal strains, exhibit linear viscoelastic behavior. An attempt is made to sketch a systematic account of relevant recent theoretical developments; it is attempted to supply a helpful, if necessarily incomplete, guide to available specific results and to the literature on the subject at hand. The present treatment is largely confined to the quasi-static analysis of thermal stresses in homogeneous and isotropic, linear viscoelastic media. Questions regarding inhomogeneous and anisotropic solids, inertia effects, and thermo-mechanical coupling effects are touched upon.
Crystal structure of [propane-1,3-diylbis(piperidine-4,1-di­yl)]bis­[(pyridin-4-yl)methanone]–isophthalic acid (1/1)

In the crystal structure of the title co-crystal, C25H32N4O2·C8H6O4, isophthalic acid and [propane-1,3-diylbis(piperidine-4,1-di­yl)]bis­(pyridin-4-yl­methanone) mol­ecules are connected into supra­molecular chains aligned along the c axis by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonding. These aggregate into supra­molecular layers oriented parallel to the ac plane by C—H⋯O inter­actions. These layers then stack in an ABCD pattern along the b-axis direction by additional C—H⋯O inter­actions to give the full three-dimensional crystal structure. The central chain in the di­pyridyl­amide molecule has an anti–gauche conformation.
Effects of TRH and ergocryptine on mammary arterial and venous concentrations of growth hormone in lactating cows.

SummarySerum GH concentrations were determined in mammary arterial and venous samples from six early (5-12 weeks postpartum) and six late (37-57 weeks postpartum) lactating Holstein cows. Basal serum GH averaged 4.0 ng/ml in cows during early and late lactation. Treatment of five cows in early lactation with 80 mg CB-154 or five cows in late lactation with 80 mg ergocryptine was without effect on basal serum GH concentrations. Administration of 200μg TRH to early or late lactating cows increased GH concentrations to maxima of 18 and 14 ng/ml at 12 min post-injection, respectively. Serum GH of cows in early lactation treated with CB-154 and cows in late lactation treated with ergocryptine, averaged 25 and 15 ng/ml respectively, 12 min after administration of 500 μg TRH. Mammary arterial concentrations of GH were greater than venous concentrations only after being acutely increased by TRH. We conclude, that in comparison with late lactating cows, early lactating cows tended to release more GH and mammary up...
Models of social structure.

The mathematical treatment of three models of possible development of a society with a dominance relationship is discussed. The conclusion is reached that social factors as well as inherent characteristics need to be introduced to account for near-hierarchical structures. This is not a surprising conclusion; however, deriving it from mathematical considerations should be of interest to the mathematical sociologist since it puts the problem into theoretical perspective. Also these considerations may suggest quantitative observations or experimental tests and given indications as to their analysis.
Latent Growth Curve Models Tracking Changes Over Time

The latent growth curve model (LGCM) is a useful tool in analyzing longitudinal data. It is particularly suitable for gerontological research because the LGCM can track the trajectories and changes of phenomena (e.g., physical health and psychological well-being) over time. Specifically, the LGCM compares lines of change across a set of individuals and determines the overall model's line of change. LGCMs can be used to track either linear or curvilinear trajectories. Since the technique uses structural equation modeling, models are also adjusted for measurement error. This article will present a step-by-step approach to setting up, analyzing, and interpreting an LGCM using post-hospitalization recovery in depressive symptomatology as an example. This article will demonstrate how to test linear, quadratic, and freely estimated lines of change using LGCMs with the purpose of finding the line of trajectory for depressive symptoms that best fits the data.
Symptom Codes And Opioids: Disconcerting Headache Practice Patterns In Academic Primary Care. (S41.003)

Objective: Characterize headache diagnosis and treatment in the primary care clinics of an academic medical center. Background: Migraine affects 12% of the US population. It is thus a quintessential primary care problem. We asked how headache is diagnosed and treated in the primary care setting. Methods: The University of Utah Electronic Data Warehouse was queried for primary care patient encounters (2008-2010) that contained one of 27 headache-related codes. Results: 16,955 patients were identified, in 50,279 headache encounters at 13 clinics. 55.2% of encounters received a headache symptom code (784.0) rather than a diagnostic code. 41.6% received migraine diagnostic codes (346.xx), 3.2% received another headache diagnosis. 30.1% of all headache encounters were associated with an opiate prescription (range 15.1-62% by clinic). 36.3% of encounters with migraine diagnostic codes received opiates (12.1-75.9%); 19.1% received triptans (10.8-43.9%). Both triptans (OR 5.79, 95%CI 5.37,6.25) and opiates (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.54,1.68) were more likely to be prescribed at migraine encounters than at headache symptom code encounters. The 9.1% of patients classified as heavy users (蠅7 encounters) generated 45.5% of total headache patient encounters. Heavy users were more likely to be prescribed an opiate (OR 5.19, CI 4.97,5.42), less likely to be prescribed a triptan (OR 0.77, CI 0.71,0.81), and more likely to receive a migraine diagnosis (OR 2.46 CI 2.36,2.55) than light users (≤6 encounters). Heavy opiate prescribers (蠅40 opiate prescriptions) represented 10.5% of the provider population but 65.4% of opiate prescriptions. Conclusions: The frequent use of a symptom code for headache may reflect a discomfort with diagnosing migraine and other primary headaches in primary care. The rate of opiate prescription for headaches is high; conversely the rate of triptan prescription is low, even in migraineurs. These diagnosis and prescribing patterns may be related, and are the subject of an ongoing EMR-based intervention in our primary care clinics. Disclosure: Dr. Brennan has received personal compensation for activities with MAP Pharmaceuticals and Allergan, Inc. as an advisory board member. Dr. Farrell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Keough has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baggaley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pippitt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pohl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gren has nothing to disclose.
Research on the System Integration and Application of PDM and ERP

It discusses the relation and the necessity of system integration on PDM and ERP,analyzes the key mutual data between them,obtains the integrated content.It provides the technology and solutions of PDM and ERP integration,proposes two kinds of interface integration model,describes the advantages and disadvantages of each model,shows an effective way for further study of PDM and ERP integration.
The clinical application of modified needle withdrawal after venipuncture

Objective: To evaluate the effect of modified needle withdrawal after venipuncture.Methods: Between,200 patients with transfusion in the outpatient department from May 2008 to June 2008 in our hospital were randomly divided into the routine group and the modified group,each with 100 cases.The routine group was performed conventional needle withdrawal and the modified group with modified needle withdrawal.The pain reaction,perivascular haemostasis and hemorrhage of puncture hole were observed.Results: The hemorrhage of puncture hole was no statistic significance between the two groups(P 0.05),and the pain response and perivascular haemostasis were significant different between the two groups(P 0.01).Conclusion: The modified needle withdrawal was a valuable technique which should be extended to clinical application.
CYP1B1 expression in human lung

Cytochrome P450 1B1 is a recently recognized phase I bioactivating enzyme with high affinity for both inhaled tobacco carcinogens and 17beta-estradiol. We evaluated the human lung expression of this multifunctional member of the P450 superfamily across 16 individuals. Expression of CYP1B1 was evaluated by qualitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western immunoblots performed on human tumor and nontumor lung tissue. Expression at both mRNA and protein levels was then correlated with smoking history, plasma biomarkers of tobacco exposure (nicotine and cotinine), gender, and tumor histology. CYP1B1 mRNA and protein were detected in 94 and 100% of individuals, respectively. Multivariate analysis confirmed that there were more subjects displaying CYP1B1 mRNA expression in tumor than nontumor tissue (p = 0.0003). Correlation of CYP1B1 protein with plasma cotinine levels was statistically marginal (p = 0.027). Self-reported smoking history, gender, and tumor histology did not correlate with gene expression in the multivariate model. After multivariate modeling for confounding factors, the expression patterns of 5 of 16 individuals appeared to differ from the group as a whole for mRNA and/or protein. We conclude that CYP1B1 is commonly expressed in human lung and hypothesize that it may be an important phase I enzyme with respect to human lung carcinogen metabolism, warranting an understanding of regulatory control and coding region polymorphisms.
An Analytical Solution for Exciton Generation, Reaction, and Diffusion in Nanotube and Nanowire-Based Solar Cells.

Excitonic solar cells based on aligned or unaligned networks of nanotubes or nanowires offer advantages with respect of optical absorption, and control of excition and electrical carrier transport; however, there is a lack of predictive models of the optimal orientation and packing density of such devices to maximize efficiency. Here-in, we develop a concise analytical framework that describes the orientation and density trade-off on exciton collection computed from a deterministic model of a carbon nanotube (CNT) photovoltaic device under steady-state operation that incorporates single- and aggregate-nanotube photophysics published earlier (Energy Environ Sci, 2014, 7, 3769). We show that the maximal film efficiency is determined by a parameter grouping, α, representing the product of the network density and the effective exciton diffusion length, reflecting a cooperativity between the rate of exciton generation and the rate of exciton transport. This allows for a simple, master plot of EQE versus film t...
Exhaust Gas Purification for Europe

Exhaust emissions are currently controlled without the use of catalysts in Europe; however, exhaust emission standards have been proposed which might lead to catalyst systems which differ significantly from those used in the United States and Japan [171]. Exhaust emission standards being discussed are aimed at 90% reductions in emissions compared with 1969 levels [171]. Koberstein et al [171] state that the proposed CO emission standard varies with the inertial weight of the vehicle, while the HC and NOx emissions are added together to meet a single standard. No durability schedule has yet been adopted. The emissions test method (called the ECE-test after the Economic Commission for Europe) differs from the CVS-test used in the United States, and emissions measured with the two tests cannot be directly compared. These two driving schedules are shown in Figure 23. A main difference between the European and U.S. approach to exhaust emission control is that lead-free gasoline will not be available in Europe (except perhaps in Switzerland). Accordingly catalyst systems must be developed which are compatible with lead content in the range 0.15 to 0.4 g l-1 [171]. No catalyst schemes have been identified which can be used to meet U.S. exhaust emission standards at such high lead content.
Taxation and representation: Pennsylvania bachelors and the American Revolution

Pennsylvania breathed a little easier that year thanks to the removal of the Townshend duties and the hope that a violent conflict with Great Britain had been avoided, Newlin's mind focused not on the taxes imposed by a far off government but on a levy demanded by his own county. Newlin was twenty-three in the summer of 1771 and resided in Chester County's Concord Township. Like most young men in colonial Pennsylvania, Newlin spent his days in agricultural toil, working in the fields of either his father or another landowner. He owned no property and it is probable that he was working and saving for the day when he could acquire an estate of his own. And Richard Newlin was single. A man dependent on another man, he could not expect to support a wife and family in his current state. As long as Newlin remained without prop erty of his own, he would remain a bachelor. Richard Newlin's life was not remarkably unlike that of most young men in colonial America, with one exception: as a single man who owned no property, he owed a special tax. Specifically, Newlin owed Chester County a poll tax of six shillings. Although six shillings was not an onerous amount, it was higher than the property tax collected on three-quarters of the estates in Concord Township that same year.1 Nor was it a one-time occurrence. Every year after his twenty-first birthday, Newlin owed Chester County six shillings. He also was rated annually for fifteen
Comments on “Gravitoelectric-Electric Coupling via Superconductivity“ by Douglas G. Torr and Ning Li

Torr and Li claim to have shown that experimentally detectable gravitomagnetic and gravitoelectric fields can be generated in a superconductor. We review their calculations and show that because of unrealistic assumptions the fields that they calculate are too large by many orders of magnitude.
Can attitudes about smoking impact cigarette cravings

Cigarette cravings, especially those in response to environmental stressors and other smoking-related triggers (e.g., passing by a favorite smoking spot), are important contributors to smoking behavior and relapse. Previous studies have demonstrated significant individual differences in such cravings. This study explores the possibility that attitudes about smoking can influence the experience of cigarette craving. Consistent with classical theories of the links between cognition and motivation, we predicted that smokers who exhibit more favorable attitudes towards smoking would have greater cravings. Daily smokers (n=103, mean age=41.8years, 33% female) were instructed to imagine smoking, stress, and neutral scenarios. Cravings were measured prior to and after each exposure. Participants also completed an abridged version of the Smoking Consequence Questionnaire (SCQ) that had them rate the: 1) desirability and 2) likelihood, for eighteen separate negative smoking consequences (e.g., "The more I smoke, the more I risk my health", "People will think less of me if they see me smoking"). Findings revealed that favorable attitudes about the consequences of smoking, as measured by the SCQ-desirability index, significantly predicted cigarette cravings. Findings suggest that individual attitudes toward smoking may play an important role in better understanding cigarette cravings, which may ultimately help identify targets for more efficient and effective cognitive/attitude-based interventions for smoking cessation.
Distinct Stimulatory Mechanisms Regulate the Catalytic Activity of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2

The maintenance of gene expression patterns during metazoan development is achieved, in part, by the actions of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). PRC2 catalyzes mono-, di-, and trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), with H3K27me2/3 being strongly associated with silenced genes. We demonstrate that EZH1 and EZH2, the two mutually exclusive catalytic subunits of PRC2, are differentially activated by various mechanisms. Whereas both PRC2-EZH1 and PRC2-EZH2 are able to catalyze mono- and dimethylation, only PRC2-EZH2 is strongly activated by allosteric modulators and specific chromatin substrates to catalyze trimethylation of H3K27 in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, we also show that a PRC2-associated protein, AEBP2, can stimulate the activity of both complexes through a mechanism independent of and additive to allosteric activation. These results have strong implications regarding the cellular requirements for and the accompanying adjustments in PRC2 activity, given the differential expression of EZH1 and EZH2 upon cellular differentiation.
Consumer social voice in the age of social media: Segmentation profiles and relationship marketing strategies

Abstract Service failures, once handled quietly by customer service departments, are now played out on a highly public social media stage. These failures can result in not only the loss of a loyal consumer but also can negatively affect relationships with those watching the dialogue between disgruntled customers and organizations. The phenomenon of seeking resolution to service failures online is distinct from both traditional word-of-mouth and voice behaviors. This article introduces social voice: public complaining behavior that aims to change the behavior of the organization. A qualitative methodology defines eight dimensions of social voice and categorizes them by the strength of the relationship to the organization. Results indicate that appropriate response strategies differ based on social voice segment.
Rationalizability and learning in games with strategic heterogeneity

It is shown that in games of strategic heterogeneity (GSH), where both strategic complements and substitutes are present, there exist upper and lower serially undominated strategies which provide a bound for all other rationalizable strategies. By establishing a connection between learning in a repeated setting and the iterated deletion of strictly dominated strategies, we are able to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for dominance solvability and stability of equilibria. As a corollary, it is shown that only unique equilibria can be (globally) stable. Lastly, we provide conditions under which games that do not exhibit monotone best responses can be analyzed as a GSH. Applications to industrial organization, network games, and crime and punishment are given.
Who Cares for the Children and the Elderly? Gender and Transnational Families

The constitution of gender in transnational families is explored in this chapter by asking the questions “who cares for the children?” and “who cares for the elderly?” The authors compare the experience of children of migrant fathers and mothers, as well as that of the elderly parents of immigrant sons and daughters. They find that there is a stalled gender revolution from the lives of left-behind children and elderly: the men who either stay behind or (im)migrate act as reluctant caregivers, while the women who either stay behind or (im)migrate remain obliged to undertake care work. As the authors illustrate, it is the women who maintain the responsibility for care work in a transnational family. Despite some scholars celebrating the transformation of gender notions that women’s migration has instigated in the gender division of labor within the family, the authors demonstrate that gender is stubborn rather than malleable. Lastly, the authors conclude by discussing the key social forces that are responsible for stalling gender transformation in the transnational family and end by identifying areas of research that can advance the knowledge of gender and its constitution in transnational families.
Determinants of translation efficiency of specific mRNAs in mammalian cells.

The means by which the ribosomes of mammalian cells recognize translation initiation sites and the structural features of an mRNA that define its overall translation efficiency are only partially understood. Even so, an effort to engineer the efficient translation of a specific sequence in mammalian cells can benefit from existing information about mechanisms of translation initiation. The purpose of this article is to review briefly our present knowledge of the factors that influence translation efficiency and to suggest some means by which this knowledge can be exploited to influence the translation efficiency of a specific mRNA.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Myofascial Lumbar and Cervical Pain Analysis of its Efficacy and Optimal Electrode Placement

A questionnaire was sent to patients with myofascial lumbar or cervical pain who were treated with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in order to determine the efficacy of this therapeutic modality. It was found that 45% of the lumbar pain patients and 33% of the cervical pain patients experienced a 50% or greater reduction in their pain with TENS. The optimal sites for placement of TENS electrodes also were ascertained. In those patients who received total relief of pain with TENS, three sites were noted consistently: a) bilateral stimulation over the sacroiliac joints; b) ipsalateral stimulation over the sacroiliac joint and sciatic nerve adjacent to the greater trochanter of the femur; and c) bilateral stimulation of the paraspimous muscles of C4. These three sites correspond to known acupuncture and muscle trigger points suggesting a common mechanism of action.
Regenerative Landscape Development: A Transformational Methodology for Thrivability of Landscapes

Although the integration of science, practice, culture, and spirituality is recognized as necessary to move toward sustainability, most transdisciplinary frameworks are not inclusive of the necessary worldviews, paradigms, aims, processes, and components. Landscape sustainability science focuses on a pivotal level for scientific, practitioner, and stakeholder efforts toward sustainability, yet collaboration and progress have been slow. Regenerative development, a development and design methodology based on a holistic worldview, has potential as an integrating and transformational methodology to fill these gaps. A new paradigm of regenerative landscape development could shift the aim from sustainable social–ecological systems to thriving living systems in which health, well-being, and happiness increase continually across scales. This potential of regenerative landscape development in practice is with two case studies of projects in Vina del Mar, Chile and Juluchuca, Guerrero, Mexico. Finally, recommendations moving forward in constructing regenerative landscape development as a new paradigm are proposed. If fully understood, embraced, and realized, regenerative development holds incredible potential for a future that is not just sustainable but is thriving (This text is adapted with permission from Gibbons et al. in Sustainability 10:1910, 2018).
Analysis of the Contributions to the Kinetic and Potential Energies of an H Atom in the Presence of a Point Charge: The Molecular Virial Theorem Revisited

The molecular virial theorem states that for a diatomic molecule or for an atom in the presence of a point charge, the changes in the average kinetic energy and average potential energy are equal t...
Laparoscopic Pancreaticojejunostomy in 13-Year-Old with Recurrent Pancreatitis

Abstract Introduction: Pediatric chronic pancreatitis is not commonly diagnosed. Most patients with chronic pancreatitis have at least one gene mutation, often CFTR, PRSS1, or SPINK1.1 Other risk f...
FILER: large-scale, harmonized FunctIonaL gEnomics Repository

Motivation: Querying massive collections of functional genomic and annotation data, linking and summarizing the query results across data sources and data types are important steps in high-throughput genomic and genetic analytical workflows. However, accomplishing these steps is difficult because of the heterogeneity and breadth of data sources, experimental assays, biological conditions (e.g., tissues, cell types), data types, and file formats. Results: FunctIonaL gEnomics Repository (FILER) is a large-scale, harmonized functional genomics data catalog uniquely providing: 1) streamlined access to >50,000 harmonized, annotated functional genomic and annotation datasets across >20 integrated data sources, >1,100 biological conditions/tissues/cell types, and >20 experimental assays; 2) a scalable, indexing-based genomic querying interface; 3) ability for users to analyze and annotate their own experimental data against reference datasets. This rich resource spans >17 Billion genomic records for both GRCh37/hg19 and GRCh38/hg38 genome builds. FILER scales well with the experimental (query) data size and the number of reference datasets and data sources. When evaluated on large-scale analysis tasks, FILER demonstrated great efficiency as the observed running time for querying 1000x more genomic intervals (10^6 vs. 10^3) against all 7x10^9 hg19 FILER records increased sub-linearly by only a factor of 15x. Together, these features facilitate reproducible research and streamline querying, integrating, and utilizing large-scale functional genomics and annotation data. Availability and implementation: FILER can be 1) freely accessed at https://lisanwanglab.org/FILER, 2) deployed on cloud or local servers (https://bitbucket.org/wanglab-upenn/FILER), and 3) integrated with other pipelines using provided scripts.
The right to stay and the right to move

In 2019, 79.5 million people were forcibly displaced (United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) 2020). This was not an anomalous year: the UNHCR calls the years from 2010 to 2019 “the deca...
Pyramid and Shack-Hartmann hybrid wave-front sensor.

An ideal wave-front sensor (WFS) for an adaptive optics system prioritizes three properties: high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and a linear relationship between the actual and estimated wave fronts. WFSs currently in operation can claim superiority in only two of these properties. For example, the Shack–Hartmann WFS (SHWFS) has a linear response and remains effective under large aberrations, but its sensitivity to low spatial frequencies is limited [Proc. SPIE5490, 1177 (2004)PSISDG0277-786X10.1117/12.550786]. The pyramid WFS (PyWFS) [J. Mod. Opt.43, 289 (1996)JMOPEW0950-034010.1080/09500349608232742] can also be operated in a linear control system [Opt. Express14, 11925 (2006)OPEXFF1094-408710.1364/OE.14.011925] and offers excellent sensitivity when used with an unresolved beacon but saturates quickly in the presence of large aberrations. The dynamic range can be extended by modulating the beacon about the pyramid prism tip, but at the expense of its sensitivity. This Letter describes a hybrid WFS (HyWFS) that combines the SHWFS and PyWFS, capturing the desirable features of both. The optical design of the HyWFS mimics the appearance of an unmodulated PyWFS with a lenslet array in the reimaged pupil planes. Spot patterns in the style of a SHWFS are formed in all pupil images. Wave-front estimates are calculated from the HyWFS’s output using both conventional PyWFS and SHWFS reconstruction methods. A cross-over algorithm chooses between the two estimates to retain high sensitivity to low aberration and a robust capture range.
Gaming the IRS’s Third-Party Reporting System: Evidence from Pari-Mutuel Wagering

This study examines whether taxpayers intentionally avoid IRS third-party reports. In 2017 an IRS amendment created an exogenous shock that impacted how third parties report gambling winnings to the IRS. In thoroughbred racing, this shock had a substantial impact on certain types of wagers. This paper considers how gamblers reallocated their money following the shock. Using a difference-in-differences research design that compares U.S. tracks to Canadian tracks, I find that gamblers increased their investment in wager types that had become less likely to trigger third-party reports by 27 percent. In the U.S., over $400 billion in tax revenue goes uncollected annually, largely due to unreported income. Third-party IRS reporting is considered the most effective way to reduce underreporting, but there is limited understanding of how taxpayers interact with third-party reporting rules. This paper provides evidence on this interaction, showing that taxpayers purposefully avoid third-party reports to facilitate tax evasion.
Alternative Theories in Education for Fostering Creativity for Social and Global Responsibility

Fostering creativity in children and youth towards social and global responsibility and inclusiveness is essential for effectively addressing society’s most pressing needs. This article proposes alternative methods for enhancing teaching and learning for creativity, based on humanistic principles and pedagogy for expanding the student’s ability to create value in their lives and in their communities. It emphasizes the importance of connecting the goals of value creating education to the broader goals of social and global responsibility. Three schools attempting to implement the latter are described.
Technology, Growth and Inequality: An agent-based model of Micro Transactional Behaviors and Meso Technology Networks for Macroeconomic Growth

Technology is both an enabler and disruptor for the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Yet few approaches integrate macro-outcomes with the micro and meso scale activities of human behavior. We instantiate an agent-based model to simulate technology diffusion within a micro-meso-macro scale integrated economy: allowing heterogenous agents to play technology enabled symmetric and asymmetric socio-economic transaction games through various random and preferential social network market typologies to simulate how behavioral technology adoption and societal proliferation impact macroeconomic income, growth and inequality dynamics. By fusing cross-scale theory and simulation modeling in a complex adaptive systems framework, such approaches could provide additional insights on the complex relationships between income, technology and inequality. These can also assist creating the necessary evidence and science-based policy conversations around why, if, how and when societies might achieve their SDG targets.
A strategy for reducing stagnation phase hydrodynamic instability growth in inertial confinement fusion implosions

Encouraging progress is being made in demonstrating control of ablation front hydrodynamic instability growth in inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility [E. I. Moses, R. N. Boyd, B. A. Remington, C. J. Keane, and R. Al-Ayat, Phys. Plasmas 16, 041006 (2009)]. Even once ablation front stabilities are controlled, however, instability during the stagnation phase of the implosion can still quench ignition. A scheme is proposed to reduce the growth of stagnation phase instabilities through the reverse of the “adiabat shaping” mechanism proposed to control ablation front growth. Two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations confirm that improved stagnation phase stability should be possible without compromising fuel compression.
Doug Van Houweling: Building the NSFNet

Doug Van Houweling describes how the NSFNet went from connecting a few supercomputers to becoming "the Internet." The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/uY7dUJT7OsU is a video interview in which author Charles Severance speaks with Doug Van Houweling about how the NSFNet went from connecting a few supercomputers to becoming "the Internet." The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/hgmSyjQwhG4 is an audio recording of author Charles Severance reading his Computing Conversations column, in which he discusses his interview with Doug Van Houweling about how the NSFNet went from connecting a few supercomputers to becoming "the Internet."
Using real-time chemical plume models in virtual training systems

This paper describes the design, implementation, and use of integrated chemical plume-models in virtual training systems. The US Naval Research Laboratory has linked its CT-Analyst® software, a high-fidelity real-time plume modeling tool, with VBS2, a widely-used virtual gaming and training program, to produce new training capabilities that were previously unavailable. This work benefits two different but overlapping training scenarios: 1) tactical training for large-scale chemical gas attacks with a specific focus on crowd management, and 2) handler-focused training for users interested in working with IED-detecting dogs. The use of accurate, faster-than-real-time plume modeling enhances the virtual training systems to provide broader realistic support to the simulation and training communities.
THE NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SURGICAL CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN William E. Ladd Medal Lecture

As the derivation of the word surgeon from its Greek roots indicates–however much to the dismay of today9s cerebral practitioners of the craft–the surgeon is a manual worker. The operative act is so central to surgery and to the life of the surgeon that it has come almost to be equated with surgery and, although I decry it, the word surgery frequently replaces the word operation. The fact is, nevertheless, that operation, being the application of a mechanical technique to disease, is properly employed in the solution of mechanical problems. It is true that, in the past and in the present, some of the most brilliant achievements of surgery have been in the cure or correction of dangerous diseases certainly not mechanically caused, for which there was no nonoperative treatment. This was certainly true until recently for exophthalmic goiter and for that matter, while all would agree that ultimately some nonoperative method will prevail, there are many patients still–and children specifically–in whom I, among others, think hyperthyroidism is still best treated by operation. Nothing else is quite so successful as operation in the treatment of duodenal ulcer or most forms of cancer, yet all of us will accept the fact that in the end, since these are, except in their late stages, not mechanical diseases, specific and nonoperative treatments will be devised which will aim at directly reversing the causative mechanisms. It is precisely in this sort of a search that surgeons are constantly engaged. True enough, as surgeons, we believe that operations are unequivocally good for people.
Ubiquitous computing in home networks

In the past decade, there have been numerous efforts in ubiquitous. computing. For home networks, we believe that ubiquitous computing requires a global-scale system that is securable, administered by, multiple independent nonspecialist administrators, and integrates off-the-shelf hardware and software. In this system every home owner acts as an administrator of the network in the home. We are developing such a system based on the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), with Bluetooth devices for location sensing and the Service Location Protocol (SLP) for service discovery. We also introduce context-aware location information to augment device discovery bind user communication. The system builds on our CINEMA infrastructure.
Assessing Publication for Tenure.

A candidate’s publication record is an increasingly important criterion for awarding tenure in schools of social work. Yet suitable parameters have not been established in schools of social work for differentiating between the various forms of scholarly publication. This exploratory study shows that the following types of scholarly publication are most desirable for obtaining tenure: (1) work printed in peer-reviewed publications; (2) publications that focus on social work rather than non-social work scholarship; (3) single authorship or lead authorship of collaborative work; (4) articles in first-tier journals or other national and international publishing outlets.
The origin and evolution of the galaxy mass–metallicity relation

We use high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations from the Feedback in Realistic Environment (FIRE) project to study the galaxy mass–metallicity relations (MZR) from z=0–6. These simulations include explicit models of the multi-phase ISM, star formation, and stellar feedback. The simulations cover halo masses M_(halo) = 10^9–10^(13) M_☉ and stellar masses M_* = 10^4–10^(11) M_☉ at z = 0 and have been shown to produce many observed galaxy properties from z = 0–6. For the first time, our simulations agree reasonably well with the observed mass–metallicity relations at z = 0–3 for a broad range of galaxy masses. We predict the evolution of the MZR from z = 0–6, as log(Z_(gas)/Z_☉) = 12+log(O/H)-9.0 = 0.35 [log(M_*/M_☉) - 10] + 0.93exp(-0.43z) - 1.05 and log(Z_*/Z_☉) = [Fe=H] + 0.2 = 0.40 [log(M_*/M_☉)-10]+0.67exp(-0.50z)-1.04, for gas-phase and stellar metallicity, respectively. Our simulations suggest that the evolution of MZR is associated with the evolution of stellar/gas mass fractions at different redshifts, indicating the existence of a universal metallicity relation between stellar mass, gas mass, and metallicities. In our simulations, galaxies above M_* = 10^6 M_☉ are able to retain a large fraction of their metals inside the halo, because metal-rich winds fail to escape completely and are recycled into the galaxy. This resolves a long-standing discrepancy between “sub-grid” wind models (and semi-analytic models) and observations, where common sub-grid models cannot simultaneously reproduce the MZR and the stellar mass functions.
Kinetic Studies of Metal Ion Complexation and Dye Dimerization by Laser Ultrasound and Laser T-Jump

There are two comparatively new relaxation techniques for measuring nanosecond time scale reaction rates in liquids: the laser Debye-Sears ultrasonic absorption method and the laser Raman temperature jump technique. Advantages and limitations of these techniques are reviewed, and their use in kinetic studies of metal ion complexation and dye dimerization is surveyed.
The impact of acute illness on HbA1c determination of undiagnosed diabetes

Objective To improve diabetes screening efforts, the American Diabetes Association now recommends haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a diagnostic test, increasing access to patients found in acute care environments. However, the influence of acute illness and care on HbA1c levels has not been well studied. To address this, we evaluated for intra-patient differences in HbA1c assessed in the emergency department (ED) and after recovery from the acute illness. Methods Adult patients with no known history of diabetes were tested for HbA1c during an ED and scheduled follow-up visit. HbA1c differences between the two visits were compared using limits of agreement with 95% confidence intervals. The frequency of individuals who changed diagnostic categories (using ≥6.5% to classify newly diagnosed diabetes) from ED to follow-up was determined. Results A total of 589 patients were included with a mean age of 50 years, and 57/589 (9.7%) had an ED HbA1c ≥ 6.5% with the average follow-up visit 45 days after the ED visit. The mean ED HbA1c was 5.67% (±0.86), and the follow-up HbA1c was 5.65% (±0.89), (difference −0.0129%, 95% limits of agreement −0.740, 0.714). The ED and follow-up HbA1c was highly correlated (r² = 0.829). Although on follow-up almost all patients were classified in the same diagnostic category as in the ED, 17 patients had an HbA1c ≥ 6.5% in the ED and an HbA1c < 6.5%. On follow-up most patients (14/17) still fell in an abnormal range (6.0–6.5%). Conclusion The HbA1c value is not substantially affected by acute illness and is feasible as a screening assay for diabetes in the acute care setting such as an ED. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated Plant Tissue Culture for Mass Propagation

Historique du developpement des methodes de propagation en masse des plantes in vitro. Aspects economiques de la culture de tissus vegetaux. Culture de tissus en milieu liquide. Systeme Vitromatic developpe a «Plant Biotech Industries» en Israel integrant un bioreacteur et un bioprocesseur permettant la separation, le calibrage et la repartition des propagules
Vocalization of the South American tapir, Tapirus terrestris☆

Abstract A study was conducted on eight captive South American tapirs at the San Diego Zoo. During the 24-month period, the animals were observed to utilize four vocalizations in their activities. A shrill fluctuating squeal was recorded during pain and fear responses. Exploratory behaviour was characterized by a sliding squeal of lower frequency and short duration. The functon of this call appears to keep members of the population in contact with one another. The third type of call was a clicking noise produced by the tongue and palate. It appears to be used for a species identifying characteristic. A snorting response was observed as a threat sound in aggressive behaviour during encounters with other animals.
Safe composition of product lines

Programs of a software product line can be synthesized by composing modules that implement features. Besides high-level domain constraints that govern the compatibility of features, there are also low-level implementation constraints: a feature module can reference elements that are defined in other feature modules. Safe composition is the guarantee that all programs in a product line are type safe: i.e., absent of references to undefined elements (such as classes, methods, and variables). We show how safe composition properties can be verified for AHEAD product lines using feature models and SAT solvers.
Weathering durability of commercial polymeric coatings tested by positron annihilation spectroscopy

Abstract A series of commercial coatings were prepared according to the industrial specifications and were exposed to Florida natural weathering and controlled UVA irradiation. The Doppler broadening energy spectra (DBES) of positron annihilation were measured as a function of incident positron energy at different periods of weathering. A significant decrease in the S parameter was observed and it was used as an indicator to test coating durability in micro-scale. Application to weathering durability of commercial polymeric coatings under natural weathering and controlled UVA irradiation is investigated by using the S parameter from the DBES.
Optimization of the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of fullerenes using 1-methylnaphthalene as the mobile phase on a tetraphenylporphyrin-silica stationary phase

Abstract The separation of C60 and C70 was studied on four different stationary phases. The performance of three commercial products, Buckyclutchers, PYE and PBB and of a new phase, immobilized tetraphenylporphyrin on silica, were investigated. The influence of the surface chemistry on this separation is discussed. On all four phases, good resolution is obtained with pure toluene as the mobile phase. With some of them, this result is obtained with stronger eluents, mixtures of toluene and 1-methylnaphthalene. This allows the injection of much more concentrated and larger samples than on conventional systems and gives considerably improved production rates of purified compounds. The optimization of the temperature, the flow velocity, and the mobile phase composition for the separation of C60 and C70 on the tetraphenylporphyrin bonded phase is discussed. The overloading of this stationary phase was studied empirically in mixtures of toluene and 1-methylnaphthalene. The advantage and properties of this latter solvent are illustrated. Fractions of C60 with 98.5% purity and C70 with a purity better than 99%% were prepared with near total recovery yield from 5 mg samples.
Art and Aging: Digital Projects for Individuals With Dementia

In action teaching, assignments are created that simultaneously benefit students and society by directly connecting classroom material to a community intervention. We designed an entire course rooted in the principles of action teaching in which students facilitated the positive effects of art, nature, and music on the well-being of individuals diagnosed with dementia. Groups of three students worked with a local elderly couple, one member of whom had dementia, to create multimedia digital projects (e.g., online scrapbooks, interactive DVDs) involving experiences with art or nature tailored to the needs of their specific community partners. Students met weekly with their assigned couple to discuss their families’ interests, goals for the project, and to obtain feedback on the impact of their project on their families’ well-being. Through these weekly meetings, students took an iterative approach to designing and improving their final projects, applying material learned through classroom lectures to their projects. In this field experience, students went beyond traditional lecture learning by developing a customized project that promoted the well-being of someone experiencing dementia. This course fostered values of citizenship, developed students’ research skills, and highlighted the reciprocal nature between knowledge learned in the classroom and knowledge acquired through real-world experiences.
Pulmonary function decay in women ice hockey players: is there a relationship to ice rink air quality?

Fossil-fueled ice rink resurfacing machines emit high levels of ultrafine and fine particulate matter (PM1) and may be related to asthmalike symptoms in skaters. We examined PM1 exposure and airway status in elite women ice hockey players over 4 training years. Lung function, asthma symptoms, and rink PM1 were evaluated. Pre- and postexercise spirometry was performed on 14 female hockey players and 9 female control nordic skiers 4 times over 4 yr. Baseline lung functions were normalized to height cubed (Ht3) and recalculated to subject mean height (1.69 m) to evaluate change. Venue CO, NO2, and PM1 were measured. Training history for hockey players included 2 yr in a low-[PM1] rink, followed by transition to high-[PM1] fossil fuel machine resurfaced rinks; [PM1] for control ski venue was low. [CO] and [NO2] were acceptable at all venues. Controls showed no baseline function change over 4 yr. For hockey players, 1997 lung function values at the low-[PM1] venue were significantly higher than 2001 high-[PM1]...