cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient.

Early developmental patterning of the Drosophila embryo is driven by the activities of a diverse set of maternally and zygotically derived transcription factors, including repressors encoded by gap genes such as Kruppel, knirps, giant and the mesoderm-specific snail. The mechanism of repression by gap transcription factors is not well understood at a molecular level. Initial characterization of these transcription factors suggests that they act as short-range repressors, interfering with the activity of enhancer or promoter elements 50 to 100 bp away. To better understand the molecular mechanism of short-range repression, we have investigated the properties of the Giant gap protein. We tested the ability of endogenous Giant to repress when bound close to the transcriptional initiation site and found that Giant effectively represses a heterologous promoter when binding sites are located at -55 bp with respect to the start of transcription. Consistent with its role as a short-range repressor, as the binding sites are moved to more distal locations, repression is diminished. Rather than exhibiting a sharp 'step-function' drop-off in activity, however, repression is progressively restricted to areas of highest Giant concentration. Less than a two-fold difference in Giant protein concentration is sufficient to determine a change in transcriptional status of a target gene. This effect demonstrates that Giant protein gradients can be differentially interpreted by target promoters, depending on the exact location of the Giant binding sites within the gene. Thus, in addition to binding site affinity and number, cis element positioning within a promoter can affect the response of a gene to a repressor gradient. We also demonstrate that a chimeric Gal4-Giant protein lacking the basic/zipper domain can specifically repress reporter genes, suggesting that the Giant effector domain is an autonomous repression domain.
Abstract WP91: Open-cell Stent Design for Coil Embolization of Side Branching Vessel Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms: Clinical and Angiographic Results

Background and Purpose: Treatment of side branch internal carotid artery (ICA) cerebral aneurysms, i.e. ophthalmic and anterior choroidal artery aneurysms, pose unique treatment difficulties. Visual loss or anterior choroidal artery territory infarcts have been reported as clinical sequelae for both surgical and endovascular treatment approaches for these aneurysms. Here we evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment by use of open cell design for stent assisted coil embolization of side branch ICA aneurysms. Materials and Methods: Between 2007 and 2012, 60 consecutive patients treated with open cell stent assisted coil embolization for a cerebral aneurysm were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were wide neck aneurysms incorporating an ICA branching vessel at the neck of the aneurysm. Aneurysm occlusion was assessed on cerebral angiograms by using the Raymond Score immediately after endovascular treatment and at 6 months follow-up. Clinical outcomes were assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at baseline, discharge and 6 months follow-up. Results: Of the 60 consecutive patients treated with open cell stent assisted coil embolization, 6 patients were identified as having side branching ICA cerebral aneurysms. In each of these 6 cases, the side branching ICA vessel originated from the neck of the aneurysm. Flat panel CTA obtained post open cell stent deployment showed preferential outward herniation of open cell stent struts towards the neck of the aneurysm, thus protecting the side branching vessel. On immediate post treatment angiograms, a Raymond Score of 1 was assessed on each of these 6 aneurysms with patency of the side branching vessel. A mRS of 0 or 1 was assessed at baseline and at discharge on all 6 patients. A Raymond Score of 1 was also identified on 3 of the 6 aneurysms on the 6 months follow-up exam. 3 additional patients are still awaiting their 6 months follow-up. Of the 3 patients that have received 6 months follow-up, all 3 patients have a stable mRS of 0 or 1. Conclusions: Our short to mid-term results for open cell stent assisted coil embolization of side branch ICA aneurysms is safe and effective. The independent open cell stent strut’s outward radial force protects side branching vessels that originate from the neck of these aneurysms.
Use of a Multiple Linear Regression Model to Estimate Stormwater Pollutant Loading.

It is widely hypothesized that the quality of stormwater runoff varies by land use. Therefore, pollution loading from a particular watershed can be formulated…
College Students Attitudes & Responses Toward The Current Economy And Its Implications For Marketing Managers

Since the early months of 2009, the undeniable woes of the economy are being felt by many. With a record number of corporate closings, rising unemployment and the crises in the financial markets, this may prove to be a difficult year for many. This paper uses empirical evidence collected from Southeastern Louisiana University students to learn how the college community is responding to the current economy, their attitudes toward it, and their outlook toward the future. Furthermore, this paper explores how college students spending and lifestyles have been affected by the recession. The most important findings of the research indicate that college student spending has not been greatly impacted by the current economy, but there are trends in which marketers need to take note.
The Viability of Pneumococci in Dried Rabbit Blood

As the literature on the life span of pneumococcus has recently been reviewed by White,1 it is needless to recite it in detail. Working with dried sputum, Wood2 found that pneumococcus lived for an average of 35 days in the dark, and 30 days in diffuse daylight. It has also been shown that although type specific pneumococci have a tendency to die rapidly even when protected by the blood and mucus in dried sputum, occasionally they will persist for many weeks.3 The length of viability differed with the different types of pneumococci. The period of survival of all types studied was lengthened when the sputum was stored in the cold. There was
Progress in large area Selective Silicon Deposition for TFT/LCD Applications

We have previously demonstrated selective area deposition of n+ Macrocrystalline silicon at 250°C using time modulated silane flow into a hydrogen plasma, and applied the technique to form high performance top-gate Amorphous silicon TFT’s with two mask sets. In this paper, we discuss issues related to process scale-up, including the effect of deposition rate on selectivity loss and non-uniformity. Uniformity can be achieved with higher growth rates by expanding the window for selectivity, and using conditions well within the process limits. We show that lower pressure and higher rf power can enlarge the window by enhancing the hydrogen-Mediated silicon etching.
Sensitivity Analysis for Dynamic Models of Aerial Munitions

*† While investigating dynamic properties of aerial bombs, both the analytical and experimental outcome often find their applications. Analysis of how a series of changes in flight parameters affect flight dynamics is probably one of the most essential efforts throughout this study. Numerical solutions of equations of motion deliver no information on the effect of changes in the aerial bomb’s design parameters on flight characteristics thereof. Therefore, the theory of sensitivity has been used in the paper to investigate the effect(s) of external disturbances, drop/release conditions and technical parameters on the aerial bomb’s range and flight path.
Fluid and Solid substitution using Embedded Bound Constructions

Summary We discuss fluid and solid substitution by recursively embedding composites that realize Hashin-Shtrikman bounds - the embedded bound construction approach. Each of these embedded constructions is realizable, thus predictions are always within bounds. The smallest possible change predicted by these constructions is larger than that predicted by Ciz and Shapiro’s approximations. When reliable shear data is not available, we discuss approximate embedded constructions for compressional or P-wave modulus. These provide reasonable fit with laboratory data and thus can be used to model solid-filled rocks, such as heavy-oil and bitumen sands, kerogen-filled shale rock, etc.
Experimental Techniques in Molten Fluoride Chemistry

Although research on molten halides is a current area of interest in applied and fundamental chemistry, a glance at the chemical literature reveals that molten fluorides are probably among the least studied halide systems. An important exception is the fluoride mixtures used and proposed for use in nuclear reactors as liquid fuels and coolants.(1) Other areas where considerable effort has been devoted to research and application of molten fluorides are the aluminum, beryllium, niobium, tantalum, and other metal industries, metallizing, and even production of fluxes for brazing metals.
Voltage Ride-Through Capability Verification of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines Using Reachability Analysis

Grid code specifications for voltage ride-through (VRT) of power generating units are based on time-domain envelopes of permissible terminal voltage magnitudes. Since an infinite number of voltage trajectories can be inscribed within a given enclosure, verifying that a given apparatus will withstand any such disturbance can be a daunting task. This paper tackles the VRT verification problem for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines. To this end, reachability analysis is employed to calculate sets that enclose all possible trajectories of the dynamic states of a DFIG-based system when perturbed by unknown-but-bounded grid voltage disturbances.
Introduction: Family Law: Cases, Texts, Problems

The intent is to clearly present the law so that teachers can spend class time focusing instead on its applications and on policy issues. To do so, this text presents cases, with explanations and excerpts from the literature, as well as problems designed to reinforce and enhance understanding. Coverage begins with overarching themes such as the revolution in ideas about what constitutes a family, whether the state has a legitimate interest in privileging particular families, the centrality of marriage, rights to privacy, and work and gender issues. Subsequent sections address marriage and divorce, non-traditional families, and parents and children. The text has adapted and changed in the 25 years since publication of the first edition in 1986. In the preface the authors remark on how the original work was delivered by Ira Mark Ellman (Arizona State U.) to the publisher in a box containing hundreds of pages of typescript with plenty of cut-and-paste editing. Technology has radically changed how books are made, of course; and the contents have been kept current over the years with the addition of authors. There are now six, with affiliations at U. of Georgia, U. of California, U. of Minnesota, U. of Maryland, and U. of North Carolina.
Molecule Epidemiologic Survey of Drug-risistance Bacteria With ESBLs in Children's Hospital

OBJECTIVE:Analyzing the epidemic of drug risistance bacteria with extend spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)in children's wards to cut off the transmitting pathway and prevent the outbreak of nosocomial infections in time METHODS:Samples,including sputum,umbilical secretion,pus,pharyngeal swab,were collected from in-hospital child patients in Departments of Newborn,Respiratory Tract Diseases,Cardiology,Nephrology,Hematology,Pediatric Surgery and ICU,then bacterial cultures and drug susceptibility test were carried out 54 strains of ESBLs E coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated and their plasmid profiles were analysed by agarose electrophoresis RESULTS:The percentages of ESBLs in the above-mentioned departments were 46 3,12 9,5 6,12 9,5 6,11 1,5 6 respectively In analysis,three types of profiles were found and strains with four types of the same profile concentrated in the Newborn Department The others were dispersed CONCLUSION:Nosocomial infections possibly occured in the Newborn Department to some extent
Observations of rove beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) predation on dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) in Panama.

The sequence of behaviors associated with the predation of Gauropterus chalybaeus (Mannerheim) on Canthon angustatus Harold is described, illustrating the predator strategy of removing prey appendages before consumption. Similar behaviors are described involving other predators on arthropods. Various investigations have documented the composition of the arthropod community associated with vertebrate dung (see reviews in Hanski and Cambefort 1991). Most of these studies have revealed the presence, and in some cases the dominance, of predatory beetles in the family Staphylinidae. The presence of predatory staphylinids at dung has led to the reasonable hypothesis that they may have a significant predatory impact on the adults of some dung scarabs in certain situations (e.g., Young 1982). The available information, however, is too anecdotal and inferential to be of much value in supporting that hypothesis. The purpose of this report is to provide further information concerning the predation of staphylinid beetles on adult scarab beetles occurring at dung and carrion.
Multiple sclerosis patients have a distinct gut microbiota compared to healthy controls

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease, the etiology of which involves both genetic and environmental factors. The exact nature of the environmental factors responsible for predisposition to MS remains elusive; however, it’s hypothesized that gastrointestinal microbiota might play an important role in pathogenesis of MS. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether gut microbiota are altered in MS by comparing the fecal microbiota in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) (n = 31) patients to that of age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 36). Phylotype profiles of the gut microbial populations were generated using hypervariable tag sequencing of the V3–V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Detailed fecal microbiome analyses revealed that MS patients had distinct microbial community profile compared to healthy controls. We observed an increased abundance of Psuedomonas, Mycoplana, Haemophilus, Blautia, and Dorea genera in MS patients, whereas control group showed increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Adlercreutzia and Prevotella genera. Thus our study is consistent with the hypothesis that MS patients have gut microbial dysbiosis and further study is needed to better understand their role in the etiopathogenesis of MS.
Pilot Study to Explore the Accuracy of Current Prediction Equations in Assessing Energy Needs of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme.

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is rare, yet it is the most common brain malignancy and has a poor prognosis. In regard to GBM, there is a dearth of research on resting energy expenditure (REE) and the accuracy of extant prediction equations. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare measured REE (mREE) to commonly used prediction equations in newly diagnosed GBM patients. REE was collected by indirect calorimetry in 20 GBM patients. Calculated REE was derived from Harris-Benedict (again with weight adjusted for obesity), Mifflin-St Jeor, and the 20 kcal/kg body weight ratio method. Paired t-tests and Bland-Altman analyses were used to compare group means, evaluate the bias, and find the limits of agreement. Clinical accuracy was assessed by determining the percentage of patients with predicted REE within ±10% of mREE. Subjects were evenly distributed with regard to gender, primarily Caucasian, and largely overweight or obese and had a mean age of 57 years. All equations overestimated mRE...
Memory of Inflammation in Regulatory T Cells.

Eukaryotic cells can "remember" transient encounters with a wide range of stimuli, inducing lasting states of altered responsiveness. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a specialized lineage of suppressive CD4 T cells that act as critical negative regulators of inflammation in various biological contexts. Treg cells exposed to inflammatory conditions acquire strongly enhanced suppressive function. Using inducible genetic tracing, we analyzed the long-term stability of activation-induced transcriptional, epigenomic, and functional changes in Treg cells. We found that the inflammation-experienced Treg cell population reversed many activation-induced changes and lost its enhanced suppressive function over time. The "memory-less" potentiation of Treg suppressor function may help avoid a state of generalized immunosuppression that could otherwise result from repeated activation.
Hydroxyurea Therapy Requires HbF Induction for Clinical Benefit in a Sickle Cell Mouse Model.

Abstract 817 PURPOSE: To evaluate whether there are clinical benefits from chronic hydroxyurea administration that are independent of HbF induction using a murine SCD model in which fetal hemoglobin (HbF) cannot be induced. METHODS: Cohorts of sex- and aged-matched SCD mice were generated by transplanting lethally irradiated C57/BL6 mice with bone marrow from BERK mice. Only mice fully engrafted with SCD hematopoiesis were used for study. Transplanted SCD mice were injected by intraperitoneal route five days per week. SCD mice with high levels of HbF were generated by stem cell gene transfer using a gamma-globin lentiviral vector followed by transplantation. RESULTS: We identified a dose of hydroxyurea (50 mg/kg) that would lead to a stable, well-tolerated reduction in neutrophil count, much like what is done to titrate dosage in human patients with SCD. Hydroxyurea dosed at 25 mg/kg produced no difference in blood counts compared to control mice, while 75 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg both produced critical pancytopenia. As expected, cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis and HPLC analysis showed that HbF was undetectable in both hydroxyurea-treated and saline-treated mice. Based on this dose-finding data, we treated SCD mice with 50 mg/kg hydroxyurea (n=20) and saline (n=13) five days/week for 20 weeks in order to determine whether chronic hydroxyurea therapy could improve both the anemia and organ damage of SCD. Blood counts obtained after 10 weeks again demonstrated a reduction in white blood cells (26.1 vs. 31.2 ×10 9 /L, p 9 /L, p 9 /L, p 9 /L) and absolute neutrophil counts (2.6 × 10 9 /L). The reduction in the neutrophil count secondary to the correction of the anemia by gene therapy was similar to the levels demonstrated with hydroxyurea administration (hydroxyurea ANC 2.9 × 10 9 /L vs. gene therapy ANC 2.6 × 10 9 /L). Importantly, the SCD mice with high HbF demonstrated no significant organ damage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite causing a significant reduction in the leukocytosis and thrombocytosis, hydroxyurea treatment did not improve the severe anemia and multi-organ disease pathology in SCD mice. In contrast, SCD mice with high levels of HbF resulting from stem cell gene therapy showed resolution of both the anemia and organ pathology. These data suggest that induction of HbF is a necessary and major contributor to the beneficial effects of hydroxyurea in SCD. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Hydroxyurea use in pediatric patients sickle cell disease. This abstract does not discuss the off label use of Hydroxyurea in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. However, discussion of this abstract would likely result in referencing the off label use of hydroxyurea in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease.
Applied Embryology, Molecular Genetics, and Surgical Anatomy of the Parathyroid Glands

The parathyroid glands are small (<50 mg) endocrine glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid. The primary function of the glands is to produce and secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium homeostasis in the circulation. PTH deficiency (hypoparathyroidism) or excess (hyperparathyroidism) may be caused by mutations in genes required for development of the parathyroid gland or physiological function as well as other causes. As knowledge of the human genome increases, advances in diagnostic and treatment techniques for parathyroid-related disorders will undoubtedly involve a thorough understanding of the key molecular processes guiding parathyroid development and function. This chapter provides a review of these events, as currently understood, as well as their potential clinical relevance.
Products and services in new economic forms

Prior research in marketing and strategy has noted that products and services have begun to increasingly resemble each other. While it is undeniable that they have always possessed a certain degree of both tangible and intangible characteristics, we see today acceleration in the rate at which products and services are converging. This is especially noticeable in new economic forms such as the access economy and on-demand services. In this paper, we argue that these changes are due to the fact that the exchange of both products and services now occurs primarily on digital platforms. Since the design of these systems stem from the same social, cultural, and technological milieu, the practice enacted by the actors perpetuates similar inherited structure. Using a practice-based lens, we show how products have dematerialized due to an abstraction of ownership and increased value of intangible benefits. We also portray how, on the other hand, the materiality of on-demand services has become more prominent due to the homogenization of experience and tangibility of value. We argue that our conclusions only represent the surface of the complex web of mechanisms underlying contemporary economic activity. We conclude by providing directions for future work, especially in empirical investigations.
Business retention and expansion and business clusters – A comprehensive approach to community development

This article explores trends in business retention and expansion (BRE) and business clusters over the last two decades (1994–2014). Using national surveys of local governments, this article finds t...
Myopia and Scleral Stress

There are two main theories to account for the enlargement of the globe in myopia; the biological theory postulates that it is due to an overgrowth of the retina while the mechanical theory maintains that the eye enlarges as a result of an increased stress on the scleral envelope. Scleral stress can be calculated using Laplace’s formula (Friedman 1966) if the axial length (or radius of the globe), the intra-ocular pressure and the scleral thickness are known and assuming that the eye is spherical in shape. If the mechanical theory is correct it would be expected that the degree of myopia and severity of pathological changes would show some correlation with the calculated scleral stress.
Recurrent Meningioma of the Cervical Spine, Successfully Treated With Liposomal Doxorubicin

There is no standard systemic treatment for persons with recurrent meningioma who have exhausted surgery and radiation options. Liposomal doxorubicin is a cytotoxic chemotherapy which is sustainable and tolerable, with activity against a range of solid tumors. There exists one reported case of metastatic meningioma effectively treated with liposomal doxorubicin. We report a second case. Our patient, a 35-year-old man with recurrent meningioma compressing the cervical spinal cord received liposomal doxorubicin for 22 months with clinical improvement, minimal toxicity, and slow regression of his tumor. He is well and without progression 18 months after stopping chemotherapy and 4 years after his last progression event.
MYC Immunohistochemistry Predicts MYC Rearrangements by FISH.

MYC is the proto-oncogene classically associated with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) located at chromosomal locus 8q24. Rearrangements of MYC are seen in nearly 100% of BL, but have been reported in 3-16% of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas (DLBCL). Rearrangements of MYC are tested for by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). In this study, we compared immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal antibody directed against the human Myc protein to the current method, FISH. 31 cases were identified that had been tested for MYC rearrangements by FISH over 27 months with heterogeneity in the diagnoses: 5 BL; 10 DLBCL; 3 B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable between DLBCL and BL; 5 B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (NOS); 1 EBV-related B-cell lymphoma; 1 composite CLL/SLL-large cell lymphoma, and 6 designated as high-grade or aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Analysis by FISH was performed as part of the clinical work-up, where a MYC rearrangement is defined as a split fusion signal in at least 5.7% of cells. . Myc-IHC was interpreted as a qualitative positive (overexpressed) or negative (not overexpressed) result. 12 cases (39%) were positive for MYC rearrangements by FISH. Overall, 13 cases (42%) showed Myc overexpression by IHC, 11 of which harbored a MYC rearrangement by FISH. There were two false positives and one false negative. Thus, Myc-IHC predicted a MYC-rearrangement by FISH with 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity. We can thus conclude that Myc-IHC should be a potentially useful screening tool for identifying lymphomas that may harbor a MYC-rearrangement. Keywords: MYC, immunohistochemistry, Burkitt lymphoma, in situ hybridization, MYC rearrangement
Do Changes in Sensory Processing Precede Low Back Pain Development in Healthy Individuals

OBJECTIVES Low back pain (LBP) is the most commonly reported chronic pain condition. In this study, a clinically relevant, induced-LBP paradigm was used to study sensory processing as a risk factor and predictor for LBP development in healthy people. Our aim was to examine sensory processing in those who do develop LBP and those who do not develop LBP with the paradigm, and to examine the relationships between scores on psychosocial questionnaires and sensory processing measures in these healthy people. METHODS A total of 71 participants completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and then took part in quantitative sensory testing. An induced-LBP paradigm, where participants stand for 2 hours and rate their low back symptoms over time, was used to classify participants as those who did develop LBP and those who did not develop LBP. RESULTS No differences in sensory processing were identified between those who did develop LBP and those who did not develop LBP (Ps>0.05). Scores for the PCS and HADS were similar between the groups (Ps>0.05). Small significant relationships between PCS scores and cold detection and cold pain thresholds were found (rs=0.23 to 0.31; Ps<0.05) and between the pressure pain thresholds at the thenar eminence and paraspinals (r=0.53; P<0.01). DISCUSSION These results provide evidence that altered sensory processing was not present in healthy people and thus is not a risk factor for development of LBP in standing.
Supplemental use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a cementitious material in concrete industry

Abstract The incorporation of supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in the concrete industry has become a common practice in recent years. Addition of SCMs (e.g., fly ash and silica fume) in concrete as a partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) improves the mechanical properties of concrete. In Arkansas, there is an imminent deficiency of fly ash supply from local coal plant industries. Therefore, use of rice husk ash (RHA) as an alternative SCM has been investigated in this study. RHA is an agro-based by-product and treated as waste material. It has the potential to be used as SCM due to its high silica content. In this study, three different sizes of RHA (600 µm, 150 µm, and 44 µm) with two different percentages (10% and 20%) were used to modify concrete as a partial replacement of ASTM Type I OPC. A predominantly used local Class C fly ash (CFA) was also incorporated in this study for comparative analysis with RHA-modified concrete specimens. Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the properties of the fresh concrete mix as well as mechanical properties of hardened concrete. To observe the behavior of concrete under adverse weather conditions, tests pertinent to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and effects of deicing chemicals were conducted in this study. Finally, One-way ANOVA method was used to determine any significant differences of means of tests data. Test results showed that both CFA-modified and finer RHA-modified concrete had better concrete properties than the coarse RHA-modified concrete. The 10% replacement dose was found to be the better of the two amounts evaluated in this study. Findings of this study are expected to give a better understanding of the use of RHA in producing concrete.
Genetics, cytology and evolution of Gossypium.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the published information on the cytology, genetics, and evolution of Gossypium . In addition, it presents recent data and information on genome organization with which a hypothesis is proposed for the origin of the allotetraploid species that is different from that generally assumed. The genus Gossypium consists of 35 diploid species that are divided into seven genome groups and six allotetraploid species, each with the same two subgenomes. The genome relationships are also discussed in the chapter. Moreover, with the advent of the new technology of genetic engineering and its potential for improving the commercial cottons by inter- and intra- genomic transfer of desirable genetic segments, the basic genetic analyses should have even greater application in the future. The successful application of genetic engineering is greatly enhanced by the availability of fundamental knowledge of the genetic organization of the chromosomes gained through the classical genetic and cytogenetic approaches. Thus, to utilize the full potential of the new technology, it is of utmost importance that the classical approaches to the genetic analysis of the chromosomes of cotton be augmented.
Compensating film stress in silicon substrates for the Lynx X-ray telescope mission concept using ion implantation

Ion implantation is used to correct figure errors resulting from film stress in thin silicon mirror substrates. The Lynx mission concept requires mirrors with extremely small figure errors and excellent X-ray reflectivity, and only a small portion of the mirror error budget may be allocated to distortion from film stress. While reducing film stress in itself is ideal, compensation of film stress may be required. In addition, compensation, in combination with other film stress reduction techniques, may allow freedom in making coatings with optimal x-ray performance while minimizing distortion. Ion implantation offers a rapid method of applying a precise stress distribution to the backside of a mirror, which may be used to compensate for a uniform or non-uniform film stress. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of ion implantation to achieve a roughly 10x reduction in deformation from film stress, and that the stress from ion implantation is stable over at least five months.
Optimal control problems in aeroelasticity

tion was made by the author in [3], including both fluttersuppresion as well as gust-alleviation. Part of the difficulty is that the problem does not fit currently studied models in the theory of control of partial differential equations [4]. In this paper we continue the study initiated in [3] and in particular, develop an 'engineering' feedback control solution. To keep the complexity within bounds, without necessarily sacrificing the essential features of the problem we limit the aerodynamics (as in [l])to inviscid, incompressible sub-sonic flow and use a lumped approximation for the structure. Moreover, only the (small-displacement) linear perturbation theory is considered,
On Computational Strategies for Composite Laminates

The layerwise theory proposed by the first author is reviewed and a variable displacement finite element model and mesh superposition techniques are described. A simultaneous multiple model (SMM) approach that is based on the variable kinematic theory and the mesh superposition method is also described. The objective of the simultaneous multiple model approach is to match the most appropriate mathematical model with each subregion based on the physical characteristics, applied loading, expected behavior, and level of solution accuracy desired of each subregion. Thus, solution economy is maximized without sacrificing the solution accuracy.
Changes in Brain Catecholamines Induced by Long-Term Methamphetamine Administration in Rhesus Monkeys

d-Amphetamine, methamphetamine and related psychomotor stimulants cause a decrease in food intake, increased locomotor activity and stereotypy, and disruption of behavior that is under schedule control. The dose required to produce different effects varies and depends on the nature of the behavior and the conditions under which the drug is administered. Repeated administration of amphetamine and related compounds leads to tolerance of many of its effects on behavior although the degree of tolerance depends on the frequency of administrations, the dose and the behavior examined.
A Case for Clinical Concentration Upon the Ultradian Frequency Domain

Most currently available chronobiological monitoring devices have been designed for evaluation of physiologic rhythms in the circadian and infradian domains. Discrete (e.g. respiration or pulse) or continous (e.g. blood pressure, temperature) physiologic parameters occur with high density within these circadian and infradian rhythms. Both the relative density of these data and the length of the measured span necessary for accurate evaluation of such rhythms cause severe theoretical and practical problems for those interested in quantifying them. An important culprit on the theoretical side, is the same villain who is at the root of all homeostatic science, non-rhythm qualified data averaging. The inferred defense for this practice is the untested and unwarranted assumption that the circadian and infradian rhythm characteristics are more pertinent or meaningful than is the predictable variability within the ultradian frequency domain. Non (circadian stage) rhythm qualified data averaging cannot be justified in order to estimate a suboptimally broad “normal range”, and it cannot be justified when handling long dense data series used to estimate circadian and infradian rhythm characteristics.
Early Versus Late Motion Following Volar Plating of Distal Radius Fractures

Background: Distal radius fractures are common, and the trend in fixation has included the use of locked volar plating. The duration of splinting required after surgery and the effect splinting has...
Nobody puts Rani in a corner: Making of the new Indian woman in Queen (2014)

Queen (dir. Vikas, 2014) is a coming-of-age Bollywood film that uses the travel trope to illustrate the female protagonist’s awakening. This article examines the journey and transition of Rani, a m...
Transcriptional control of subtype switching ensures adaptation and growth of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a heterogeneous disease comprised of a basal-like subtype with mesenchymal gene signatures, undifferentiated histopathology and worse prognosis compared to the classical subtype. Despite their prognostic and therapeutic value, the key drivers that establish and control subtype identity remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PDA subtypes are not permanently encoded, and identify the GLI2 transcription factor as a master regulator of subtype inter-conversion. GLI2 is elevated in basal-like PDA lines and patient specimens, and forced GLI2 activation is sufficient to convert classical PDA cells to basal-like. Mechanistically, GLI2 upregulates expression of the pro-tumorigenic secreted protein, Osteopontin (OPN), which is especially critical for metastatic growth in vivo and adaptation to oncogenic KRAS ablation. Accordingly, elevated GLI2 and OPN levels predict shortened overall survival of PDA patients. Thus, the GLI2-OPN circuit is a driver of PDA cell plasticity that establishes and maintains an aggressive variant of this disease.
Public Sector Management: Impact of Employee Perceptions of Managers on Managerial Effectiveness

Contemporary public sector managers are forced develop a myriad of skills in order to effectively pursue and achieve organization objectives. The art of effective public sector management requires public managers to be cognizant of the cultural, social, systemic and institutional barriers which profoundly influence their level of effectiveness. They are asked to embrace new technologies to improve the quality of service delivery and a new philosophical approach to managing and gaining the trust of the people who work for them. While these skills may be crucial to the overall effectiveness of contemporary public sector managers and ultimately the organizations they work for, it may not be enough. Public sector employees today are more knowledgeable of their jobs, better educated and demand to be managed by professionals who value them as unique individuals. With the inherent understanding that an organization is only as good as its employees, public managers are forced to address the complex human factors which influence overall organizational effectiveness. They are asked to manage people in a way which takes into account the inherent need and utility in securing the respect of their employees. The fact is, in the contemporary perspective, employees can help or impede the success of public sector managers and organizations, and their commitment to mangers and an organization is profoundly influenced by the perception and relationship they have with mangers. This paper examines the correlation between employee perceptions of managers, organizational effectiveness and managerial effectiveness.
Selinexor in combination with decitabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results from a phase 1 study

Current treatment options for older and relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients are limited and represent an unmet need. Based on preclinical studies showing strong anti-...
Sti1/Hop Plays a Pivotal Role in Hsp90 Regulation Beyond Bridging Hsp70

Since its initial characterization, Hop (Hsp90/Hsp70 organizing protein), known as Sti1 in yeast (stress inducible) is mostly understood to serve as a bridge that facilitates transfer of substrate “client” proteins from Hsp70 to Hsp90. Recent work has shown that Sti1 regulates Hsp90 in a manner distinct from its role as a bridge to Hsp70. This second function of Sti1 seems to be to position Hsp90 for subsequent steps of the client maturation cycle, after the client has been transferred from Hsp70. Thus, Sti1/Hop occupies a central gatekeeper role in the Hsp90 reaction cycle, by first facilitating client access to Hsp90 and then promoting the next steps of the cycle.
Predicting Reading Comprehension from Constructed Responses: Explanatory Retrievals as Stealth Assessment

Open-ended constructed responses promote deeper processing of course materials. Further, evaluation of these explanations can yield important information about students’ cognition. This study examined how students’ constructed responses, generated at different points during learning, relate to their later comprehension outcomes. College students (N = 75) produced self-explanations during reading and explanatory retrievals after reading. The Constructed Response Assessment Tool (CRAT) was used to analyze these responses across multiple dimensions of language and relate these textual features to comprehension performance. Results indicate that the linguistic features of post-reading explanatory retrievals were more predictive of comprehension outcomes than self-explanations. Further, these models relied on different indices to predict performance.
Modeling mesoscale energy localization in shocked HMX, Part II: training machine-learned surrogate models for void shape and void–void interaction effects

Surrogate models for hotspot ignition and growth rates were presented in Part I (Nassar et al., Shock Waves 29(4):537–558, 2018), where the hotspots were formed by the collapse of single cylindrical voids. Such isolated cylindrical voids are idealizations of the void morphology in real meso-structures. This paper therefore investigates the effect of non-cylindrical void shapes and void–void interactions on hotspot ignition and growth. Surrogate models capturing these effects are constructed using a Bayesian Kriging approach. The training data for machine learning the surrogates are derived from reactive void collapse simulations spanning the parameter space of void aspect ratio, void orientation $$ (\theta ) $$, and void fraction $$ (\phi ) $$. The resulting surrogate models portray strong dependence of the ignition and growth rates on void aspect ratio and orientation, particularly when they are oriented at acute angles with respect to the imposed shock. The surrogate models for void interaction effects show significant changes in hotspot ignition and growth rates as the void fraction increases. The paper elucidates the physics of hotspot evolution in void fields due to the creation and interaction of multiple hotspots. The results from this work will be useful not only for constructing meso-informed macroscale models of HMX, but also for understanding the physics of void–void interactions and sensitivity due to void shape and orientation.
Institutional Selection for Conformity: The Case of U.S. Catholic Priests

The declining dissent among Catholic clergy since the 1970s has consistently been attributed to cohort replacement, indicated by age differences, as a result of changes in Catholic religious culture, despite a recognition in recent sociology of religion of the importance of institutional agency. I test (1) whether changes in priest’s beliefs and values are due to cultural trends (indicated by birth cohort) or institutional selection (indicated by ordination cohort); and (2) whether they are related to liberalism/ conservatism generally or to specific conformity to Catholic moral positions. Data are from the 2002 Los Angeles Times priest survey (N ¼ 1,854). Results are mixed: I find support for the thesis of institutional selection for conformity since 1969, but not before. Prior to the 1960s, clergy (and lay) Catholic dissent increased linearly by birth cohort; since 1969, institutional selection, not cultural change, accounts for declining clergy dissent (while lay dissent has continued to increase). Implications for understanding changes in the Catholic Church and for religious theory are discussed.
The Effects of Parkinson's on Fixational Stability

THE EFFECTS OF PARKINSON'S ON FlXATlONAL STABILITY By Erin L. Mallahan, MS . A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2005 Major Director: Dr. Paul A. Wetzel Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurological movement disorder. The stability of eye movements in PD is not well understood but many patients report difficulty doing tasks that require stabilized fixation and gaze. The ability to stabilize an image on the retina is critical is acquiring visual information. The purpose of this study was to compare the stability of fixational eye movements of PD patients to those of age-matched controls. Eye movements during simple fixation tasks were recorded from 66 subjects (ages 52 to 84), and 36 age-matched controls (ages 58-85). The absolute velocity of the fixational eye movements were recorded and correlated to a clinical measure of disease
Customizing Software Toolkits for Embedded Systems-On-Chip

Modern Embedded Systems-on-Chips (SOCs) will allow the system designer to customize Intellectual Property (IP) cores (xed and programmable), together with custom logic and large amounts of embedded memories. As the software content in these emerging embedded SOCs begins to dominate the SOC design process, there is a critical need for support of an integrated software development environment (including compilers, simulators and debuggers). Furthermore, since many characteristics of these processor core IPs (e.g., instruction-sets, memory configurations) are increasingly customizable, the entire software toolkit chain needs to be customized and generated to support both early design space exploration (for performance, power and cost constraints), as well as high-quality software generation. This paper describes our Architecture Description Language (ADL) driven approach for customizing software toolkits.
Delayed Diagnosis of Brachial Plexus Neurolymphomatosis in Post-transplant Patient with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (P7.017)

OBJECTIVE: Diagnosis of brachial plexus neurolymphomatosis in post-transplant patients could be delayed BACKGROUND: Involvement of brachial plexus in diffuse large B cell lymphoma is rare presenting feature. Diagnosis requires repeated multimodality testing DESIGN/METHODS: Case report with retrospective collection of data RESULTS: 62-year-old male with systemic large B-cell lymphoma since 2001, with CNS involvement (right eye, s/p radiation in 2008; right parietal lesion, s/p craniotomy with systemic chemo with methotrexate, vincristine and high dose Rituxan). Patient subsequently underwent double cord transplant. For graft vs host disease (GVHD) patient was given tacrolimus and Cellcept. Seventy days post-transplant patient presented with right scapular and arm pain, with associated shoulder/arm weakness and numbness. On exam there was weakness in the right triceps, wrist/finger extensors, and marked muscular atrophy of right triceps. Patient had slow smoldering symptoms of at least 5-6 months with recent worsening that initiated current neurologic workup. Diagnostic tests prior to these symptoms onset were negative (lumbar puncture, brain MRI, PET scans). EMG/NCS was obtained and showed right cervical radiculo-neuritis (C7, C8 and T1) with subacute on chronic axonal involvement, moderate-to-severe degree, with concern for right brachial plexus involvement. Cervical and thoracic spine MRIs were unremarkable. Brain MRI showed 1 cm nodularity anterior to the prior right resection cavity. There were atypical large lymphoid cells in CSF and flow cytometry confirmed aberrant large B cells. MRI of right brachial plexus showed enlargement, enhancement and edema of the C6, C7, C8 nerve roots, and brachial plexus. PET/CT scan on day 97 post-transplant demonstrated lymphoma involvement of brachial plexus. Biopsy was not performed. Pt was started on salvage radiation therapy to the right fronto-parietal tumor and right brachial plexus CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of brachial plexus neurolymphomatosis in post-transplant patient may require multimodality approach and repeated testing. Medications used for GVHD can mask acute-subacute presentation as in this patient who had evidence of long-standing plexopathy on EMG/NCS Study Supported by: none Disclosure: Dr. Stosic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tummala has nothing to disclose.
What to Do With a Surplus

A population of individuals that generates more resources than are immediately needed can do various things with its resource surplus to achieve a better perfromance in a variable environment. Using simulations with neural networks living in an environment we discuss four different strategies and their consequences: storing food in individual stores, sharing resources, exchanging resources, and contributing resources to a central store that then redistributes the resources to the entire population.