cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Following ORIF of Distal Radius Fractures: A Matched Case–Control Study

Purpose Acute carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can develop after distal radius fractures (DRFx), necessitating urgent carpal tunnel release (CTR). This complication has not been specifically investigated after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of DRFx (DRFx-ORIF). Identifying risk factors would allow for better definition of the indications for prophylactic CTR at the time of DRFx-ORIF. Methods We reviewed the records of 1,750 patients who underwent DRFx-ORIF at 2 level I trauma centers over 90 months. Of these patients, 10.7% underwent simultaneous CTR with DRFx-ORIF. Twenty patients who developed acute CTS within 3 weeks after DRFx-ORIF were identified. A case-controlled methodology was used; each patient was matched with 4 control patients who were treated with DRFx-ORIF but did not develop acute CTS on the operative limb. Differences between cases and controls were evaluated via univariable logistic regression modeling. Multivariate analysis was not performed because of the relatively small size of the cohort. Results The development of acute CTS after DRFx surgical treatment resulted in 1.1% of patients returning to the operating room for an urgent second surgery. Three statistically significant risk factors for the development of acute CTS after DRFx-ORIF were identified via univariable analysis. Open fractures, AO C-type DRFx, and any intervening surgical procedure between injury and DRFx-ORIF were associated with greater relative odds of developing acute CTS. Conclusions Patients with open fractures, AO C-type DRFx, and any intervening surgical procedure are at increased risk for developing acute CTS after DRFx-ORIF and warrant consideration for prophylactic release at the time of DRFx-ORIF. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic III.
Asiacentrism and Asian American Studies

(1995). Asiacentrism and Asian American Studies? Amerasia Journal: Vol. 21, No. 1-2, pp. 137-148.
The Developmental Propensity Model Extends to Oppositional Defiant Disorder: a Twin Study

Previous research has supported the developmental propensity model, which proposes that three socioemotional dispositions (prosociality, negative emotionality, and daring) increase risk for the development of conduct problems through shared genetic and environmental influences. The current study extends this research by examining the model in relation to oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Based on a confirmatory factor analysis, ODD was examined as three separate dimensions (irritable, headstrong, and hurtful) rather than a unitary construct. Parents of 686 same-sex twins (ages 7–13) provided ratings of their twins’ dispositions and ODD symptoms. Results from a path model examining phenotypic relationships showed that all dispositions were significantly related to each ODD dimension, except daring was not predictive of the irritable dimension. Preliminary twin analyses showed nonadditive genetic effects only on daring, which limited the appropriateness of evaluating it with the other dispositions. Results from a series of models used to examine etiological associations showed all ODD dimensions had common additive genetic influences with prosociality and negative emotionality. Only headstrong had common additive genetic influences with daring. Irritable and headstrong had common shared environmental influences with respect for rules (an aspect of prosociality), and common nonshared environmental influences with negative emotionality. Hurtful showed no shared environmental influences, but it had common nonshared environmental influences with prosociality and negative emotionality. These findings support the idea that the socioemotional dispositions in the developmental propensity model have some common etiological influences with ODD dimensions, suggesting this model can provide a novel framework for understanding the development of ODD.
Update on Management of Coats’ Disease

Coats’ disease is an exudative vasculopathy that usually develops in children. The conventional treatment is laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy. Use of anti-VEGF agents is controversial and future studies are required to determine its role in the management of exudation and edema from Coats’ disease.
Evidence-based medicine: A data-driven approach to lean healthcare operations

Background: The financial healthcare crisis has led hospitals to turn to Lean operational principles to improve value within their organizations. The practice of evidence-based medicine also improv...
Pathways for Promoting Macro Practice in Social Work Education: A Commentary

ABSTRACTAs we approach the third decade of the twenty-first century, it is time to move beyond the wake-up call provided by the 2013 Rothman Report on the future of macro practice and its perceived...
Unsignalized Intersections: Roundabouts

Europe has made extensive use of roundabouts for many decades, and traffic circles, often around significant monuments, have been around for centuries. While some traffic circles and roundabouts have always existed in the U.S., interest in their ability to reduce delays (compared to signalized intersections) and create safer and more efficient flow began to increase in the 1980s and 1990s. A formal methodology for analysis of roundabouts first appeared in the 1997 update to the 1985 HCM [1]. It was somewhat expanded (editorially) for 2000, and significantly expanded in 2010, with minor changes in 2016.
An Overview of Strategies Targeting Inappropriate Advanced Diagnostic Imaging in the Setting of Acute Uncomplicated Low Back Pain

The aims of this article are to review the driving forces for increased utilization of imaging within the US and to review the strategies currently being implemented to curtail the use of inappropriate advanced diagnostic imaging (ADI) in the setting of acute uncomplicated low back pain. Strategies aimed at reducing inappropriate ADI in the setting of uncomplicated low back pain, including guideline dissemination, clinical decision support (CDS), audit and feedback, prior authorization, and prior notification. Increasing utilization of inappropriate ADI is a multifactorial problem, and the solution is complex. Like many problems in medicine, it is unlikely that we will be able to identify a single intervention as a solution. Instead, a concerted effort grounded in physician education, CDS, and audit and feedback may be our best tool against inappropriate ADI in the setting of acute uncomplicated low back pain.
Guideline-Concordant Treatment Among Elderly Women With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer in the United States

BACKGROUND It is crucial to identify whether women with HER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are treated according to treatment guidelines and whether treatment disparities exist. This study examined guideline-concordant treatment among women with HER2+ MBC and determined the magnitude of differences in treatment between those with positive and negative hormone receptor (HR) status using a nonlinear decomposition technique. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using the SEER-Medicare linked database. The study cohort consisted of women aged ≥66 years diagnosed with HER2+ MBC in 2010 through 2013 (n=241). Guideline-concordant initial treatment after cancer diagnosis was defined based on the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Breast Cancer. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of guideline-concordant treatment. A postregression decomposition was conducted to identify the magnitude of disparities in treatment by HR status. RESULTS Of 241 women included in the study, a total of 76.8% received guideline-concordant treatment. These women were significantly more likely to have positive HR status (P=.0298), have good performance status (P=.0009), and more oncology visits (P<.0001). With 1-year increments in age at cancer diagnosis, the likelihood of receiving guideline-concordant treatment reduced by 5% (P=.0356). The decomposition analysis revealed that 19.0% of the disparity in guideline-concordant treatment between women with positive and negative HR status was explained by differences in their characteristics. Enabling characteristics (marital status, income, and education) explained the highest (22.8%) proportion of the disparity. CONCLUSIONS Nearly one-quarter of the study cohort did not receive guideline-concordant treatment. Our findings suggest opportunities to improve cancer care for elderly women with negative HR status who are unpartnered or have lower socioeconomic status. The high unexplained portion of the disparity by HR status can be due to patient treatment preferences, propensity to seek care, and organizational and physician-level characteristics that were not included in the study.
Neural responses during acute mental stress are associated with angina pectoris.

Abstract Angina pectoris is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, an effect not entirely attributable to the severity of CAD. Objective Examine brain correlates of mental stress in patients with CAD with and without a history of angina. Methods Participants (n = 170) with stable CAD completed the Seattle Angina Questionnaire along with other psychometric assessments. In this cross-sectional study, participants underwent laboratory-based mental stress testing using mental arithmetic and public speaking tasks along with control conditions in conjunction with positron emission tomography brain imaging using radiolabeled water. Brain activity during mental stress was compared between participants who did or did not report chest pain/angina in the previous month. A factor analysis was coupled with dominance analysis to identify brain regions associated with angina. Results Participants reporting angina in the past month experienced greater (p Conclusions Self-reported angina in patients with stable CAD is associated with increased neural responses to stress in a network including the inferior frontal lobe, motor areas, and operculum, potentially indicating an upregulated pain perception response.
Tax Extenders Resurrected: Insights on Higher Education Tax Reform from the Recent Legislation on the Tuition and Fees Deduction

U.S. legislators recently brought back thirty-four tax programs from legislative limbo, extending them for three years. This includes the tuition and fee deduction, used by taxpayers to save on college expenses. This regressive tax policy flows heavily towards higher-income levels, with almost a third of the deduction going to those with incomes between $100,000 and $200,000. Previous empirical research indicates the policy has had no effect on increasing college enrollment. It is imperative that researchers, policymakers, and practitioners remediate duplicative, fiscally irresponsible tax policy. To guide this remediation, I provide a legislative history of the tuition and fees deduction, duplicative effects of current education tax incentives, critiques against the current tax extender package, and recommendations for higher education tax reform.
Characterization of reaction enthalpy and kinetics in a microscale flow platform

We report an isothermal flow calorimeter for characterization of reaction enthalpy and kinetics. The platform consists of a thermoelectric element and a glass–silicon microreactor to measure heat flux and an inline IR spectrometer to monitor reaction conversion. The thermally insulated assembly is calibrated with a thin film heater placed between the microreactor and the thermoelectric element. Without any reconfiguration of hardware, the setup can also be used to efficiently characterize reaction kinetics in transient flow experiments. We tested the calorimeter with hydrolysis of acetic anhydride as a model reaction. We determined the exothermic reaction enthalpy and the endothermic heat of mixing of the reagent to be −63 ± 3.0 kJ mol−1 and +8.8 ± 2.1 kJ mol−1 respectively, in good agreement with literature values and theoretical predictions. Following calorimetry studies, we investigated reaction kinetics by applying carefully controlled residence time ramps at four different temperatures, and we obtained kinetic rate constants of 0.129 min−1 up to 0.522 min−1 for temperatures between 20 °C and 56.3 °C, also fitting well with data reported in the literature.
Density functional modeling and total scattering analysis of the atomic structure of a quaternary CaO − MgO − Al 2 O 3 − SiO 2 (CMAS) glass: Uncovering the local environment of calcium and magnesium

Quaternary $\mathrm{CaO}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{MgO}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ (CMAS) glasses are important constituents of the Earth's lower crust and mantle, and they also have important industrial applications such as in metallurgical processes, concrete production, and emerging low-${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ cement technologies. In particular, these applications rely heavily on the composition-structure-reactivity relationships for CMAS glasses, which are not yet well established. In this study, we combined force-field molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to generate detailed structural representations for a CMAS glass. The generated structures are not only thermodynamically favorable (according to DFT calculations) but also agree with experiments (including our x-ray and neutron total scattering data as well as literature data). Detailed analysis of the final structure (including partial pair distribution functions, coordination number, and oxygen environment) enabled existing discrepancies in the literature to be reconciled and has revealed important structural information on the CMAS glass, specifically (i) the unambiguous assignment of medium-range atomic ordering, (ii) the preferential role of Ca atoms as charge compensators and Mg atoms as network modifiers, (iii) the proximity of Mg atoms to free oxygen sites, and (iv) clustering of Mg atoms. Electronic property calculations suggest higher reactivity for Ca atoms as compared with Mg atoms, and that the reactivity of oxygen atoms varies considerably depending on their local bonding environment. Overall, this information may enhance our mechanistic understanding on CMAS glass dissolution behavior in the future, including dissolution-related mechanisms occurring during the formation of low-${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ cements.
Spectral correlates of the averaged auditory evoked response with simulated hematomas and increased Intracranial pressure

In this study, power spectral estimates of the auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and peak latencies were used to predtet Intracranial pressure. Data previously collected from 12 white New Zealand rabbits were used In the study. Descriptive parameters were extracted from power spectra of the AEP, and multiple recession analyses were performed to determine the relationship between ICP and AEP special parameters. Results yield recession models of either time domain parameters (peak latencies) or frequency domain parameters (spectra)that correlate with R-square values of 0.608 and 0.758, respectively, to ICP; however, a model based on combining time domain and frequency domain parameters was the better predictor.
Genetic Modifiers of Oral Nicotine Consumption in Chrna5 Null Mutant Mice

The gene CHRNA5 is strongly associated with the level of nicotine consumption in humans and manipulation of the expression or function of Chrna5 similarly alters nicotine consumption in rodents. In both humans and rodents, reduced or complete loss of function of Chrna5 leads to increased nicotine consumption. However, the mechanism through which decreased function of Chrna5 increases nicotine intake is not well-understood. Toward a better understanding of how loss of function of Chrna5 increases nicotine consumption, we have initiated efforts to identify genetic modifiers of Chrna5 deletion-dependent oral nicotine consumption in mice. For this, we introgressed the Chrna5 knockout (KO) mutation onto a panel of C57BL/6J-Chr#A/J/NAJ chromosome substitution strains (CSS) and measured oral nicotine consumption in 18 CSS and C57BL/6 (B6) mice homozygous for the Chrna5 KO allele as well as their Chrna5 wild type littermates. As expected, nicotine consumption was significantly increased in Chrna5 KO mice relative to Chrna5 wildtype mice on a B6 background. Among the CSS homozygous for the Chrna5 KO allele, several exhibited altered nicotine consumption relative to B6 Chrna5 KO mice. Sex-independent modifiers were detected in CSS possessing A/J chromosomes 5 and 11 and a male-specific modifier was found on chromosome 15. In all cases nicotine consumption was reduced in the CSS Chrna5 KO mice relative to B6 Chrna5 KO mice and consumption in the CSS KO mice was indistinguishable from their wild type littermates. Nicotine consumption was also reduced in both Chrna5 KO and wildtype CSS mice possessing A/J chromosome 1 and increased in both KO and wild type chromosome 17 CSS relative to KO and wild type B6 mice. These results demonstrate the presence of several genetic modifiers of nicotine consumption in Chrna5 KO mice as well as identify loci that may affect nicotine consumption independent of Chrna5 genotype. Identification of the genes that underlie the altered nicotine consumption may provide novel insight into the mechanism through which Chrna5 deletion increases nicotine consumption and, more generally, a better appreciation of the neurobiology of nicotine intake.
Open Science Expectations for Simulation-Based Research

There is strong agreement across the sciences that replicable workflows are needed for computational modeling. Open and replicable workflows not only strengthen public confidence in the sciences, but also result in more efficient community science. However, the massive size and complexity of geoscience simulation outputs, as well as the large cost to produce and preserve these outputs, present problems related to data storage, preservation, duplication, and replication. The simulation workflows themselves present additional challenges related to usability, understandability, documentation, and citation. These challenges make it difficult for researchers to meet the bewildering variety of data management requirements and recommendations across research funders and scientific journals. This paper introduces initial outcomes and emerging themes from the EarthCube Research Coordination Network project titled “What About Model Data? - Best Practices for Preservation and Replicability,” which is working to develop tools to assist researchers in determining what elements of geoscience modeling research should be preserved and shared to meet evolving community open science expectations. Specifically, the paper offers approaches to address the following key questions: ● How should preservation of model software and outputs differ for projects that are oriented toward knowledge production vs. projects oriented toward data production? ● What components of dynamical geoscience modeling research should be preserved and shared? ● What curation support is needed to enable sharing and preservation for geoscience simulation models and their output? ● What cultural barriers impede geoscience modelers from making progress on these topics?
Teaching Case Management

ABSTRACT The author discusses a graduate course in case management offered to social work students who are preparing for advanced practice in aging, mental health, developmental disabilities, or long term care service systems. The author discusses the domain and principal aims of the course. Five content areas that give case management a transdisciplinary character are discussed involving: policy environment and problem formulation; diverse purposes, aims, and models of case management; context; role definitions and staffing implications; and ethical challenges to practice. The author then examines the implications of this content for making case management a salient dimension of the professional development of graduate social work students.
Safety in view: A public safety visual analytics tool based on CCTV camera angles of view

Campus security and police departments have implemented a multitude of safety precautions, including CCTV cameras. The efficiency and effectiveness of using CCTV camera resources for preventing crimes result in higher demand. We implemented a visual analytics tool to analyze the existing CCTV camera resources and suggest improved allocation schemas based on blind spots and crime data. Our tool provides the user with an interactive safe path calculation method for walking purpose on the basis of the maximum monitoring area. Additionally, avoiding buildings in the calculated path is an optional control factor. Our tool also provides functions for crime data analysis. The camera-alarming function highlights the cameras that a specific crime occurred in their visible range. The camera-ranking function highlights the camera that records the largest number of crime incidents. Based on the historical crime data, we suggest locations for future camera installation. We present two case studies to illustrate the usage and features of our tool on the campus of Purdue University.
Logarithmic Sobolev inequalities and the growth of $L^p$ norms

We show that many of the recent results on exponential integrability of Lip 1 functions, when a logarithmic Sobolev inequality holds, follow from more fundamental estimates of the growth of LP norms under the same hypotheses. There have been a number of recent papers [1], [2], [3], [4] showing that a probability measure m on a Riemannian manifold M satisfying a logarithmic Sobolev inequality (1) p IVfl2dm > IM f2 lnfl2dm If fl2dm ln If l2dm -T If l2 dm has rather strong decay properties near infinity. These results take the form of integrability for exponentials of the powers of Lip 1 functions. Typically one has (2) J ef2 dm 0, the so called defect) in (1) is zero; in any case these techniques give considerably weaker results when T > 0. We intend to show that the exponential integrability holds in the defective case to the same extent as in the nondefective, despite the fact that the defective inequality does not in general give a mass gap or a Poincare inequality. To achieve our goal, we use an approach quite different from the ones typically used by others, who generally establish a result such as (2) by proving a differential equality for one or the other of the Laplace transforms E(eAf) or E(eAf ). Rather, we use the defective log Sobolev inequality to relate E(fP+2) inductively to E(fP), which in turn yields bounds on L2n norms and good estimates of E(eAf2). Our method works as well in the case T> 0 as the case T = 0, though it does not give as sharp inequalities in the case T = 0 as those obtained from previous techniques in [1]-[4]. It is well known how to approximate a globally Lip 1 function on a Riemannian manifold by smooth functions without increasing the Lip 1 norm. For simplicity of statement and without loss of generality, our theorems will be stated for a smooth function of compact support. Even more specifically, if p is Lip 1, so also is 1,1, with Received by the editors January 10, 1997. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46E35, 46E39. (?)1998 American Mathematical Society 2309 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.170 on Wed, 19 Oct 2016 03:56:56 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
A Research Study on Individuals with Disabilities in the Maasai Tribe of Tanzania

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the life of individuals with a disability in the Maasai Tribe in Tanzania. The study consisted of 68 participants. Individuals with a disability did not engage in tribal traditions, go to school or seek modern health care.
Radiation in Space and its Control of Equilibrium Temperatures in the Solar System

The problem of determining equilibrium temperatures for reradiating surfaces in space vacuum was analyzed and the resulting mathematical relationships were incorporated in a code to determine space sink temperatures in the solar system. A brief treatment of planetary atmospheres is also included. Temperature values obtained with the code are in good agreement with available spacecraft telemetry and meteorological measurements for Venus and Earth. The code has been used in the design of space power system radiators for future interplanetary missions.
Characteristics of Bacteriophages Attacking Psychrophilic and Mesophilic Pseudomonads

Ten Pseudomonas phage were isolated by sewage enrichment. Five psychrophilic and five mesophilic phage were selected for a description of some of their biological properties. In addition to growth on psychrophilic hosts, the psychrophilic phage studied were also able to grow on a mesophilic host within its growth temperature range. Latent periods for psychrophilic phage at 3.5 C were 6 to 12 hr and at 25 C were 30 to 60 min. Mesophilic phage had a latent period of 85 to 190 min at 25 C and 35 to 85 min at 37 C. Psychrophilic phage were significantly more heat-sensitive than the mesophilic phage. Of all the parameters studied, only thermal sensitivity correlated with growth at 3.5 C. Phage used in this study had a deoxyribonucleic acid base composition ranging from 39.6 to 68.2% guanine plus cytosine, deduced from melting temperature measurements.
Clostridium difficile Infections after Blunt Trauma: A Different Patient Population?

Background The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated infection (CDI) has changed, and it is evident that susceptibility is related not only to exposures and bacterial potency, but host factors as well. Several small studies have suggested that CDI after trauma is associated with a different patient phenotype. The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the epidemiologic factors associated with C. difficile in blunt trauma patients without traumatic brain injury using the Trauma-Related Database as a part of the "Inflammation and Host Response to Injury" (Glue Grant) and the University of Florida Integrated Data Repository. Methods Previously recorded baseline characteristics, clinical data, and outcomes were compared between groups (67 C. difficile and 384 uncomplicated, 813 intermediate, and 761 complicated non-C. difficile patients) as defined by the Glue Grant on admission and at days seven and 14. Results The majority of CDI patients experienced complicated or intermediate clinical courses. The mean ages of all cohorts were less than 65 y and CDI patients were significantly older than uncomplicated patients without CDI. The CDI patients had increased days in the hospital and on the ventilator, as well as significantly higher new injury severity scores (NISS), and a greater percentage of patients with NISS >34 points compared with non-CDI patients. They also had greater Marshall and Denver multiple organ dysfunction scores than non-CDI uncomplicated patients, and greater creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, neutrophil count, lactic acid, and PiO2:FiO2 compared with all non-CDI cohorts on admission. In addition, the CDI patients had higher glucose concentrations and base deficit from uncomplicated patients and greater leukocytosis than complicated patients on admission. Several of these changes persisted to days seven and 14. Conclusion Analysis of severe blunt trauma patients with C. difficile, as compared with non-CDI patients, reveals evidence of increased inflammation, immunosuppression, worse acute kidney injury, higher NISS, greater days in the hospital and on the ventilator, higher organ injury scores, and prolonged clinical courses. This supports reports of an increased prevalence of CDI in a younger population not believed previously to be at risk. This unique population may have specific genomic or inflammation-related risk factors that may play more important roles in disease susceptibility. Prospective analysis may allow early identification of at-risk patients, creation of novel therapeutics, and improved understanding of how and why C. difficile colonization transforms into infection after severe blunt trauma.
Distress and symptom development in relation to plasma cytokines and secretion of DAMPs during remission induction treatment for acute myeloid leukemia

The objective of the study was to assess the relation between development of cancer- and cancer therapy-induced symptoms, distress, plasma levels of cytokines, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 45) receiving remission induction chemotherapy. Patients were monitored for somatic symptoms (MDASI-core) and distress. Blood samples were obtained prior to chemotherapy (baseline) and weekly during the first 3 weeks of therapy. Symptom severity and distress were high at baseline, decreased during therapy, and were related on all time-points (r’s = .45–71). High baseline distress was related to a stronger decrease in symptom severity during chemotherapy ( r = −.34).The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-7, and IL-15 increased and the DAMPs HMGB1 and HSP70 decreased during chemotherapy. Higher baseline symptom severity was related to larger increases in IL-7 ( r = .38). Higher baseline distress predicted less decrease in HMGB1 ( r = .32) and was correlated with plasma concentrations of HSP70 at all time-points ( r = .35–.42). In conclusion, most patients with AML suffer from severe somatic symptoms together with high distress prior to chemotherapy. Although chemotherapy was associated with increases in cytokine production, somatic symptom scores did not increase during therapy. High distress at baseline was related to higher levels of DAMPs during treatment, which are associated with poorer prognosis. These data suggest that it would be interesting to investigate the benefit of early stress reduction during diagnosis of AML.
The Chrysanthemum and the Song: Music, Memory and Identity in the South American Japanese Diaspora; Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland: Japanese Brazilian Return Migration in Transnational Perspective

The Chrysanthemum and the Song: Music, Memory and Identity in the South American Japanese Diaspora. Dale A. Olsen. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2004. 323 pp. Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland: Japanese Brazilian Return Migration in Transnational Perspective. Takeyuki Tsuda. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. 431 pp.
Corrigendum: Spatial and historic variability of benthic nitrogen cycling in an anthropogenically impacted estuary

The authors wish to include the following correction based on updated di-nitrogen (N2) gas flux values for three cores included in the original paper (the N2 flux values for the other 38 cores remain unchanged). This update was made in order to be consistent in our N2 flux calculations across all cores. In the three aforementioned cores we originally used a different method to account for the instrument drift of the mass spectrometer during sample analysis. Importantly, the correction of the flux values for these three cores is small and does not change any of our data interpretations. However, in an effort to be as accurate as possible, we would like to provide the corrected values and the associated averages, statistics, and text that also need to be corrected as a result of the flux value adjustments. For simplicity and clarity, corrections are listed below in bold and underlined font. The page numbers, section heading and paragraph numbers correspond to the paper’s downloadable .pdf.
New Methods of Simulating Corrosive Plant Conditions In the Laboratory

Abstract Various laboratory testing devices developed for the reproduction of corrosive plant conditions are described with particular emphasis on heat transferring surfaces. An all-glass, pressuri...
The δ -Opioid Receptor Agonist (+)BW373U86 Regulates BDNF mRNA Expression in Rats

delta-Opioid receptor agonists have antidepressant-like effects in behavioral models of depression. Chronic administration of classical antidepressants upregulates mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor, TrkB in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. Increases in BDNF and TrkB levels are thought to be important for the therapeutic effects of these drugs. Therefore, we examined the ability of the delta-opioid receptor agonist (+)BW373U86 to regulate BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression in frontal cortex, hippocampus, as well as, basolateral amygdala, endopiriform nucleus, and primary olfactory cortex. At 3 h after a single administration of (+)BW373U86 animals were killed and BDNF and TrkB mRNA levels were examined by in situ hybridization. BDNF mRNA levels produced by (+)BW373U86 were compared to acute administration of the antidepressants desipramine and bupropion. A behaviorally antidepressant dose of 10 mg/kg (+)BW373U86 increased BDNF mRNA expression in all regions examined; a smaller dose of (+)BW373U86 (1 mg/kg) significantly increased BDNF mRNA expression only in frontal cortex. The delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole blocked (+)BW373U86-mediated increases in BDNF mRNA expression. In addition, tolerance developed to increased BDNF mRNA expression with repeated injection, except in frontal cortex. Midazolam was administered to some animals to prevent the convulsions produced by (+)BW373U86, but midazolam did not block delta-opioid receptor-mediated increases in BDNF mRNA expression in frontal cortex, hippocampus, or amygdala. Unlike desipramine and bupropion, (+)BW373U86 upregulated BDNF mRNA expression acutely (within 3 h after a single administration). These data support the concept that delta-opioid receptor agonists may have antidepressant potential, and could be good targets for the development of faster-acting antidepressants.
Transmembrane voltage gradient in GlyR-expressing niche cells controls behavior of neural crest derivatives in vivo

Heterotaxin: A novel TGF-beta signaling inhibitor identified in a multi-phenotype profiling screen in Xenopus embryos Nanette M. Nascone-Yoder, Michael Dush, Andrew McIver, Meredith Parr, Douglas Young, Julie Fisher, Marlene Hauck, Alexander Deiters Dept. of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, USA Dept. of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, USA Dept. of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
Relaxation strain measurements in cellular dislocation structures

The conventional picture of what happens during a stress relaxation usually involves imagining the response of a single dislocation to a steadily decreasing stress. The velocity of this dislocation decreases with decreasing stress in such a way that we can measure the stress dependence of the dislocation velocity. Analysis of the data from a different viewpoint enables us to calculate the apparent activation volume for the motion of the dislocation under the assumption of thermally activated glie. Conventional thinking about stress relaxation, however, does not consider the eventual fate of this dislocation. If the stress relaxes to a low enough level, it is clear that the dislocation must stop. This is consistent with the idea that we can determine the stress dependence of the dislocation velocity from relaxation data only for those cases where the dislocation's velocity is allowed to approach zero asymptotically, in short, for those cases where the dislocation never stops. This conflict poses a dilemma for the experimentalist. In real crystals, however, obstacles impede the dislocation's progress so that those dislocations which are stopped at a given stress will probably never resume motion under the influence of the steadily declining stress present during relaxation. Thus one couldmore » envision stress relaxation as a process of exhaustion of mobile dislocations, rather than a process of decreasing dislocation velocity. Clearly both points of view have merit and in reality both mechanisms contribute to the phenomena.« less
Singing and silences: transformations of power through Javanese seduction scenarios.

Glamorous women singers (waranggana) in rural central Java appear ordinary in their everyday lives, but become exemplars of extraordinary femininity in performances where flirtatious interactions may occur between them and male musicians. Although the obvious interpretation suggests sexual promiscuity, my research shows that these "seduction scenarios'' are ways in which women, through their attractive power, help men transform their exuberant power into constructive spiritual potency. More superficially, men use these seduction scenarios to position themselves in a masculine prestige hierarchy. Although women can and do activate their own power through daily activities or, in the case of waranggana, through singing, they more often suppress the signs of their embodied power in favor of men's spiritual and social potency, in keeping with a highly valued ideology of social harmony shared by both. Hence, through singing and silences, waranggana preserve men's prestige and together with them participate in a social construction that usually keeps the peace at local levels, [gender, power, prestige, performance, gamelan, Javanese, Indonesia]
Human monocyte/macrophage adhesion, macrophage motility, and IL‐4‐induced foreign body giant cell formation on silane‐modified surfaces in vitro

A cytokine-based, in vitro model of foreign body giant cell (FBGC) formation was utilized to examine the effect of biomaterial surface chemistry on the adhesion, motility, and fusion of monocytes and macrophages. Human monocytes were cultured for 10 days on 14 different silane-modified glass surfaces, during which time the cells assumed the macrophage phenotype. The adhesion of monocytes and macrophages during the culture period decreased by an average of approximately 50%, with the majority of cell loss observed during days 1-3. Most important, the adhesion of monocytes and macrophages was surface independent except for two surfaces containing terminal methyl groups, which decreased adhesion levels. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were added to the medium to induce FBGC formation and enhance macrophage adhesion, respectively. Surprisingly, GM-CSF decreased long-term monocyte/macrophage adhesion. IL-4-induced FBGC density was strongly influenced by the surface carbon content, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In contrast, contact angle and surface energy displayed no correlation with FBGC formation. The motility of adherent macrophages, as measured by time-lapse confocal microscopy, was not affected significantly by differences in surface chemistry or the addition of cytokines. The surface dependence of FBGC formation is hypothesized to be the result of varying levels of silane-derived surface carbon.
Partial deletion of long arm of chromosome 11: del (11) (q23)

The cytogenetic analysis of an infant with multiple congenital anomalies revealed a small deletion of the long arm of one No. 11 chromosome: 46,XX,del(11)(q23). The main clinical manifestations included: ocular colobomata, absent philtrum, severe congenital heart disease, contractures of the large joints and skin pigmentation. Both parents showed a normal chromosome constitution. In comparison to the previously reported cases of 11q-, the patient presented here had more severe congenital anomalies. The correlation of the size of the deletion, and the location of the break, with the physical findings is discussed.
Extended Fine Structure in X-Ray Absorption Spectra of Certain Perovskites

In this paper we attempt to test the validity of the short-range-order (SRO) and the long-range-order (LRO) theories of the extended fine structure (EFS) in x-ray absorption spectra. This is done by comparing the EFS's of Ti, Ca, Zr, and Sr in the perovoskitelike compounds SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, CaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, SrZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, and CaZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The regularities which have been anticipated from SRO or LRO theories have not been observed. We are thus led to suggest that models are required other than those which have been used to explain the EFS.
The Evolving Matrix of Environmental Federalism and Intergovernmental Relationships

Using Daniel Elazar's metaphor offederalism as a matrix, as expanded by Robert Agranoff this article explores how state and national political and administrative actors continue to redefine environmental federalism. The willingness of states to sue the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) over concerns that the agency is not protecting the environment illustrates the political and legal spotlight under which the matrix evolves. Outside the public purview, EPA and state environmental program administrators attempted to shore up programs rocked by reduced budgets and shifting priorities, while also adjusting to a new system offederal-state partnerships, the National Environmental Performance Partnership System. Describing environmental federalism is a daunting task, for it is an ever-changing pattern of subtle hues and sharp contrasts. Subtle movement in environmental federalism occurs when federal-state working relationships change during the course of implementing environmental programs. On the other hand, sharp contrasts in federal and state opinions about programmatic directions, regulatory activity, or new mandates bring environmental federalism under a public, and very political, spotlight. Cooperation, often a challenging and ephemeral proposition under the most favorable conditions, may be more difficult with changes in political leadership at the national or state levels, judicial interpretations of federal or state authority, imposition of new mandates, or strained working relationships between federal and state policy implementers. For example, state attorneys general, most notably New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, have sued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to take action (rather than the other way around) to regulate greenhouse gases, protect wetlands, compel coal-fired power plants to reduce emissions, expand regulation of mercury emissions, and forestall relaxation of energy requirements. Meanwhile, federal-state administrative relationships, though they seldom capture the spotlight of media attention, have undergone changes of their own. This article begins by setting a brief theoretical, political, and historical context for these evolving dimensions of environmental federalism and then shifts to an overview of recent
Surgical management of pediatric limbal dermoids with sutureless amniotic membrane transplantation and augmentation.

Purpose To further evaluate the efficacy of a new surgical technique for removal of pediatric corneal-limbal dermoids and ocular surface reconstruction using multilayered amniotic membrane. Methods Three pediatric patients with corneal-limbal dermoid (grade I) in one practice were identified in a retrospective fashion. All patients underwent deep lamellar excision followed by sutureless multilayered amniotic membrane transplantation by a single surgeon (AP). Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, anterior segment examination, anterior segment B-scan, and cycloplegic refraction were performed. Results Three patients with ages ranging from 6 months to 18 years had a postoperative follow-up of 9 to 12 months from the time of surgery. This surgical technique achieved rapid postoperative corneal re-epithelialization, reduced postoperative pain, and diminished postoperative scarring in all three patients. Existing preoperative astigmatism remained unchanged throughout the follow-up period. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were noted. Conclusion This surgical approach offers an alternative surgical technique to a simple excision with or without deep lamellar keratoplasty for removal of pediatric corneal-limbal dermoids (grade I). In the management of pediatric limbal dermoids (grade I), surgical excision combined with sutureless multilayered amniotic membrane transplantation eliminates painful postoperative recovery and corneal neovascularization, and can achieve an improved long-term ocular surface cosmesis.
Age of structural differentiation between the Colorado Plateaus and Basin and Range provinces in southwestern Utah

Distribution of Tertiary regional ash-flow tuffs indicates that the Colorado Plateaus and Basin and Range provinces in southwestern Utah became separate structural terrains some time after 29 m.y. ago; the structural differentiation probably was underway by 26 m.y. ago and had produced significant topographic contrasts between the two provinces by 24 m.y. ago. Initial differentiation may be older than the main phase of basin-range faulting in southwestern Utah, which appears to have begun about 21 to 20 m.y. ago.
Sexually dimorphic processing of somatosensory and chemosensory inputs to forebrain luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons in mated ferrets.

The ferret is a reflexively ovulating species in which mating induces a preovulatory LH surge in the estrous female but significantly decreases LH secretion in the breeding male. This sexually dimorphic hormonal response is reflected in a sex difference in Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in forebrain LHRH and non-LHRH neurons after mating. We used dual immunocytochemistry for Fos and LHRH to determine whether the sex dimorphism occurs in the initial detection and transmission or in the central processing of sensory stimuli associated with mating? We also assessed the ability of chemosensory cues alone to augment neuronal Fos-IR in the ferret forebrain. Breeding male and female ferrets were paired, whereupon the male partner achieved an intromission lasting for 16–90 min. Mated male and female subjects were always perfused 90 min after the onset of the male’s intromission. Additional male and female subjects were placed alone in a cage in which an opposite sex ferret in breeding condition had been house...
Elements with embedded localization zones for large deformation problems

Abstract A finite element which embeds a localization band within the element by means of an assumed strain formulation is described in the context of a general nonlinear theory. This element allows the treatment of shear bands which are much smaller than the element size, and hence is called a sub-h localization method. Results obtained by this method show that the stiffness of the element depends strongly on the angle of the band and its width, and that the magnitude of the softening increases with decreasing width of the shear band.
Fluid intakes and chorda tympani nerve responses in vitamin B-6 deficient rats

Abstract Rats fed a vitamin B-6 deficient diet were shown to increase their presence for NaCl solutions using two-bottle preferences tests compared to rats pair-fed a control diet with vitamin B-6 supplementation or rats fed the same control diet ad lib. Integrated whole chorda tympani nerve responses to NaCl solutions showed no difference in thresholds among the three groups of rats. This finding suggests that the change in the preference for NaCl resulting from vitamin B-6 deficiency is probably not mediated via a gustatory neural mechanism.