cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intra/extracardiac fenestrated modification leads to lower incidence of arrhythmias after the Fontan operation

Objective The study objective was to compare the incidence of short- and intermediate-term arrhythmias among 3 different surgical modifications of the Fontan procedure. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent the Fontan operation at a single institution between January 2004 and May 2010 for preoperative, perioperative, and follow-up variables. Three surgical modifications were studied: intra/extracardiac conduit with limited atriotomy, standard extracardiac conduit, and lateral tunnel. Rhythm was classified as normal or abnormal. A rhythm dysfunction grading was devised and used to identify worsening of rhythm for patients with abnormal rhythm preoperatively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of abnormal rhythm. To eliminate confounding effects of transient immediate postoperative arrhythmias, data were analyzed for abnormal rhythm within the first 2 weeks and for more than 2 weeks after surgery. Results Of the 134 patients (n = 50 with intra/extracardiac conduit with limited atriotomy, n = 19 with standard extracardiac conduit, n = 65 with lateral tunnel) (median follow-up, 36 months; interquartile range, 22–50 months; 2 operative deaths and 6 late deaths), rhythm data for more than 2 weeks postoperatively were available in 88 (40 with lateral tunnel, 14 with standard extracardiac conduit, 34 with intra/extracardiac conduit with limited atriotomy). These patients constituted the study groups. Patients in the lateral tunnel group were relatively younger at the time of the Fontan operation ( P P P = .012) and higher preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure (odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.44; P = .026) were predictors of abnormal rhythm more than 2 weeks postoperatively. Intra/extracardiac conduit with limited atriotomy Fontan modification was associated with a significantly lower incidence of abnormal rhythm after 2 weeks postoperatively compared with lateral tunnel modification (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.84; P = .015). Conclusions Intra/extracardiac conduit with limited atriotomy Fontan modification has a significantly lower risk of abnormal rhythm postoperatively in the short and intermediate term when compared with the lateral tunnel.
Central limit theorems for additive functionals of the simple exclusion process

Some invariance principles for additive functionals of simple exclusion with finite-range translation-invariant jump rates $p(i, j) = p(j - i)$ in dimensions $d \geq1$ are established. A previous investigation concentrated on the case of $p$ symmetric. The principal tools to take care of nonreversibility, when $p$ is asymmetric, are invariance principles for associated random variables and a “local balance”estimate on the asymmetric generator of the process. As a by-product,we provide upper and lower bounds on some transition probabilities for mean-zero asymmetric second-class particles,which are not Markovian, that show they behave like their symmetric Markovian counterparts.Also some estimates with respect to second-class particles with drift are discussed. In addition,a dichotomy between the occupation time process limits in $d =1$ and $d \geq 2$ for symmetric exclusion is shown. In the former, the limit is fractional Brownian motion with parameter 3/4, and in the latter, the usual Brownian motion.
Genetic Sex Identification and the Potential Evolution of Sex Determination in Pacific Halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis )

The discovery of genetic markers linked to physiological traits in wild populations is increasingly desired for ecological and evolutionary studies, as well as to inform management decisions. However, identifying such markers often requires a large investment of both time and money. Serendipitously, in a recent microsatellite survey, we discovered three out of 16 microsatellite loci that were correlated to the female sex in Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). These three loci were screened in 550 Pacific halibut to determine their accuracy at identifying sex. Genetic assignment successfully identified sex in 92% of individuals from sample collections spanning 3,000 km and 9 years. All but two of 287 females had one copy of a characteristic allele for at least one of the three microsatellite loci, resulting in consistent heterozygote excess in females. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that females are the heterogametic sex in Pacific halibut, which thus may have a different sex-determination pattern than the closely related Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). A rapid divergence of sex-determining mechanisms could be either a cause or consequence of speciation between Pacific and Atlantic halibut. In either case, the ability to genetically identify sex in individual Pacific halibut provides a new tool for ecological studies, fisheries management, and insight into the evolution of sex determination in flatfish.
Effect of temperature on modal variability for a curved concrete bridge

This paper presents the results of a study to determine the effect of temperature on modal variability on a curved post-tensioned box girder bridge with three continuous spans. The bridge has been monitored during the past 6 years using 16 accelerometers, 12 thermocouples and 6 tilt meters. Monitoring is based on normal vehicle loading. There is concern that changes due to temperature variations may mask changes due to structural damage. A thorough understanding of this uncertainty is necessary so that changes in vibration response resulting from damage can be discriminated from changes that are due to temperature variability. This paper presents the results of a study to evaluate the ambient vibration information over a full year period in which data was collected continuously. The effects of temperature change on the bridge's modal frequencies are analyzed and interpreted. This correlation between the natural frequencies and temperature is essential to establishing a structural health monitoring approach that can provide for indications that damage has occurred.
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation and pediatric cardiac surgery: Yes, we can!

In the previous issue of Critical Care, Bojan and colleagues reported their experiences with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) after pediatric cardiac surgery. A total of 120 patients were treated with HFOV on the day of surgery, thus excluding rescue HFOV use. The main finding of the authors was that the duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in patients in whom HFOV was initiated on the day of surgery. Especially interesting about this work is that the authors used HFOV when there was evidence of pulmonary hypertension or right ventricular (RV) failure in their patients. This is an interesting approach as it is often assumed that high intra-thoracic pressures increase RV afterload and thus may enhance RV dysfunction. The findings of Bojan and colleagues may be explained by the fact that they were able to decrease the pulmonary vascular resistance by finding a proper balance between atelectasis and overdistension of the lung. It can be argued that it is possible to do so by applying positive end-expiratory pressure. But, at the same time, this may coincide with the delivery of high inspiratory pressures (>30 cm H2O). As HFOV is, in fact, a continuous positive airway pressure system, its advantage is that it is possible to maintain sufficient lung volume without large injurious pressure swings. Although the observations by Bojan and colleagues need to be confirmed in a prospective randomized trial, they have provided arguments not to rule out the early use of HFOV in pediatric cardiac surgery patients.
Chromosomes of Pocket Gophers of the Genus Pappogeomys, Subgenus Cratogeomys

Pappogeomys fumosus, P. tylorhinus, P. zinseri , and P. gymnurus have indistinguishable karyotypes consisting of a diploid number of 40 and a fundamental number of 76. Pappogeomys castanops has a northern chromosomal race with a diploid number of 46 and a southern race with a diploid number of 42.
Terministic Screens: A Burkean Reading of the Experimental Article

This article tests the value of Kenneth Burke's methodology of placing screens before seemingly unproblematic objects to reveal their complex and often contradictory natures. The scientific article...
Modelling the swimming response of late stage larval reef fish to different stimuli

This paper examines the importance of directed motion towards reefs by late stage larval reef fish for determining recruitment rates to substrate-associated adult populations. The significance of reliance on different sensory faculties for orientation, and of different larval swimming and sensory capabilities, is explored with mathematical models. A 4-way classification is examined, separating weak and strong swimming larvae, and larvae relying on current-dependent and -independent cues for orientation. The relative importance of factors determining supply rates varies among these 4 cases, but, in general, purely hydrodynamically based considerations of incidental recruitment, or passive entrainment in re-circulatory features around reefs, appear less important than considerations of larval swimming, and the interaction of swimming with these physical transport processes. The extent of sensory capabilities of larvae proves to be a critical parameter, and the rate of larval supply depends sensitively upon it, for species relying on both current-dependent and -independent cues. The consequences of these findings are discussed, with particular reference to the potential for active behaviour to influence settlement patterns of different species.
Unilateral Competitive Effects of Mergers: Upward Pricing Pressure, Product Quality, and Other Extensions

This paper lays out and extends a derivation of the “upward pricing pressure” (“UPP”) tool for analyzing unilateral competitive effects of horizontal mergers on differentiated products that is featured in the 2010 Guidelines. In the most novel extension, the merger alters the differentiated products’ qualities. The resulting tool analyzes whether the merger creates upward pressure on quality-adjusted or “hedonic” prices. Another extension applies where one firm acquires just a partial equity stake in a competing firm. The paper also develops the Gross Upward Market Power Pressure Index (GUMPPI) that generalizes UPP measures to include output as well as price effects.
Integrating lenticular into digital printmaking

On September 11 I was in the Middle East on my continuing quest to understand why, in the name of religion, one would kill another who did not share their beliefs. The evening before I had crossed the border to Israel from Jordan, where I had photographed the crumbling sandstone ruins of Petra.
DSM-III generalized anxiety disorder: An empirical investigation of more stringent criteria

The diagnoses of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) according to DSM-III and according to revised criteria (requiring 6 months' duration and 6 symptoms) were determined by the use of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule in a probability sample of 357 women. The DSM-III GAD lifetime rate of 45% was reduced by a factor of five when the revised definition was applied. The reduction was due chiefly to the longer duration criterion. Requiring a higher number of symptoms did not raise the threshold for the diagnosis, since 74% of persons with a period of 1 month or more of generalized anxiety reported six symptoms. Although chronicity was associated with more pervasive symptomatology, the excess in symptoms appears to be due to the very high prevalence of major depression (73%) among the newly defined (i.e., chronic) GAD positives.
The capital-based view of the firm

We offer here a capital-based view (CBV) that incorporates, and goes further than related views, (like the resource- and the knowledge-based view) of the firm. This general approach uses ideas about capital and its structure to examine the nature of heterogeneous resources and their attributes and how they are organized by entrepreneurs (individually and in teams). These entrepreneurs exercise judgment in valuing these heterogeneous resources in productive combinations that they attempt to create. This article uses insights gained from this understanding of the nature and function of capital to draw further propositions about the role of knowledge, management, and economic organization. We survey the main components of the CBV of the firm and examine management and organizational topics looking through the lens of the CBV. The capital dimension adds new insights and provides a powerful unifying framework.
Raman spectrum of molten MgCl2

Abstract Raman spectra obtained for molten MgCl 2 at 1010 K indicate the presence of a discrete tetrahedral MgCl ·- 4 species in equilibrium with polynuclear complexes of unknown structure. The ionic nature of molten MgCl 2 is confirmed in contrast to extended polymeric structure of BeCl 2 in agreement with the relatively high equivalent conductivity of MgCl 2 .
Electronic recording of the mosquito bite

Abstract An electronic device was developed that records the probing, penetration, salivation, engorgement, and withdrawal of a mosquito in relation to its host. Each act is distinct and can be separately recognized in the recording of a single mosquito bite. The chart recordings were correlated with the physiological events taking place within the mosquito during engorgement and salivation. The characteristics of the recorded pattern as well as the time of engorgement were interpreted in terms of capillary and pool feeding.
Efficacy of targeted medical therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis, and predictors of failure.

BackgroundNo standardized medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is universally accepted. Success of medical therapy is reportedly 50% to 88%, but studies differ in inclusion criteria, me...
Correlation between the Activities of Daily Living of Stroke Patients in a Community Setting and Their Quality of Life

[Purpose] The present study aimed to determine the correlation between the activities of daily living and the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic stroke. [Subjects and Methods] The study subjects were 68 patients with stroke. Three questionnaires were distributed by visiting the subjects. [Results] All the items and total scores of the functional independence measure (FIM) showed a high correlation with the QOL total score. The relationship between the activities of daily living and the total QOL score showed a significant positive correlation. Among the FIM items, mobility and social cognition showed the most significant effects. The modified r2 value was 0.67, mobility and social cognition explained approximately 67% of the change in the QOL. [Conclusion] The activities of daily living of the patients with chronic stroke and their QOL showed a high correlation. Among the FIM items, mobility (transfers) and social cognition had the largest effects on the total QOL score.
NCl(a1Δ) and I(52P12) production in a D/NCl3/HI transverse flow reactor

Abstract The reaction of excess hydrogen or deuterium atoms with NCl 3 in a transverse flow reactor is used to generate NCl(a 1 Δ) at densities up to 10 13 cm −3 . The NCl a→X emission scales linearly with the NCl 3 flow rate over the entire range of reagent densities utilized. Admission of HI to the system results in the quenching of NCl(a 1 Δ) and the production of I(5 2 P 1 2 ). Over the range of conditions studied, this energy transfer has an efficiency greater than 60%.
The management of chest tubes in patients with a pneumothorax and an air leak after pulmonary resection.

Background Placing chest tubes to water seal is superior for patients with an air leak, but when a patient has a pneumothorax and an air leak the best chest tube setting is unknown Methods This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective database on a consecutive series of patients who had a pneumothorax and air leak on the same day. Patients underwent elective pulmonary resection by one surgeon and had their chest tubes placed to water seal on postoperative day 1. Daily chest radiographs were obtained, and the size of the pneumothorax and air leak were measured. Tubes were left on seal unless there was a symptomatic enlarging pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema (defined as failing water seal). The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of water seal. We also wanted to identify risk factors that predicted failure of water seal Results There were 838 patients ≥ 21 years old who underwent elective pulmonary resection, and 86 patients (10%) had an air leak and a concomitant pneumothorax on the same day. Fourteen patients (16%) failed water seal. Multivariate analysis showed that a large air leak (greater than or equal to expiratory 3 in our classification system; odds ratio [OR], 16.5; p 8 cm in size (OR, 4.9; p Conclusions Keeping chest tubes on water seal is safe for most patients with an air leak and a pneumothorax. However, if the leak or pneumothorax is large, then subcutaneous emphysema or an expanding symptomatic pneumothorax is more likely. A prospective randomized trial is needed to compare water seal to suction in these patients
A model of lexical diffusion in phonological acquisition.

On observe dans l'acquisition des sons une grande variabilite de production inter et intra-enfants. Certaines variations sont systematiques, d'autres sont imprevisibles et impliquent le processus de diffusion lexicale. L'A. propose une analyse structurale de ce processus en termes de caracteristiques lexicales comme elements motivant le changement productif des sons
Metabolism of Pyruvate by Epididymal-Like Bovine Spermatozoa

Summary Various factors affecting aerobic and anaerobic pyruvate metabolism by bovine spermatozoa were studied. With pyruvate as the sole exogenous substrate, DNP (10 −4 m) stimulated the respiration of ELC (epididymal-like sperm cells) of some bulls but had no effect on the respiration of others. DNP also depressed the aerobic pyruvate utilization and lactate accumulation by ELC. The disnmtation reaction, in which two molecules of pyruvate undergo dismutation to one molecule each of lactate, CO 2 , and acetate, was studied and was found to be stimulated anaerobically by both phosphate and sulfite. Phosphate, NAD, lipoic acid, and ATP stimulated the respiratory activity of ELC in the presence of pyruvate.
Dimensional Measurement Data Analysis, Part 2: Minimum Zone Evaluation

Modern inspection systems such as coordinate measurement machines generate discrete three dimensional coordinates representing points from the surface of a manufactured part. These coordinates must be compared to a target or nominal geometry to determine if the part conforms to specification. Quite often a least squares fit or a min-max fit are employed to determine the part geometry, However, as described in Part I of this paper, acceptable deviations are often specified as tolerance zones about the nominal geometry. Part 1 of this paper presents a zone fitting algorithm having an objective of placing the sampled data points within a specified tolerance zone. If all of the points fit within the zone, the part is passed. This pass/fail result does not provide information as to the quality of the part. The question that is not answered is Did the points just fit into the tolerance zone, or did the points fit with ample space remaining? This question is important as it informs production personnel whether their processes are operating well within specifications or just barely within specifications. In this part of the paper, the zone fitting method developed in Part 1 of this paper is extended to a minimum zone evaluation. This can be formulated as a one dimensional search for the critical value of the zone fitting objective function. The minimum zone evaluation algorithm developed in this paper can be applied to an arbitrary geometry profile evaluation. A number of examples are presented to demonstrate its capabilities.
The other interracial marriage in Othello

This paper argues that the character of Emilia might be both read and cast as a black woman, and considers the interpretive and performative possibilities in such a move. First it considers the present-day uses of such a reading and discusses the ways that modern theatre practitioners have experimented with race in casting Othello. Then it suggests a sort of thought experiment: imagining a Jacobean performance tailored to the interests of the new royal family—specifically Anne's interest in black entertainers—a performance that in Emilia gives us possibly the first depictions of an African woman on the English stage and an exploration of the racial and gender dynamics in not one, but two interracial marriages.
Linear programming for weighted deviation problems using compact basis techniques

Abstract Weighted deviation problems are linear programs in which weights (or penalties) are attached to deviations from upper and lower bounds on particular linear expressions. In turn the deviations may be bracketed by secondary bounds. These problems include statistical problems of minimizing weighted sums of absolute deviations, standard and extended “goal programming” problems, problems with upper bounds on absolute values of linear affine functions, problems with arbitrarily bounded variables, and combinations of these. Previous specialized linear programming methods for related problems have been restricted to specialized cases that involve only a single basis configuration, or else, by means of “extended GUB” techniques, accommodate a diverse variety of basis structures at the cost of substantially increased computation. We show that, of the several basis configurations that can arise for this problem, precisely three are essential. Special rules are identified to allow transitions between these three structures, to yield valid compact versions of both the primal and the dual simplex methods. Finally, we show how these results lead to improved efficiency as well as reduced problem size.
Social identity dynamics and emotional labour: The multiple roles of the tuina masseuse in the Shenzhen spa

Drawing from Hochschild’s concept of ‘emotional labour’, this article explores the roles performed by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) masseuses in a large spa complex in a Chinese metropolis. Th...
Synthesis of a C1C14 subunit of the macrodiolide antibiotics pamamycin-607 and pamamycin-635B

A nonracemic C1C14 portion of the antibiotics pamamycin-607 and -635B was prepared using a route which features two stereoselective aldol reactions (including an apparent kinetic resolution via the Evans aldol reaction), a stereospecific intramolecular oxymercuration of a γ-silyloxyallene, a stereospecific conjugate reduction of a β-alkoxy-α-methylene carboxylate ester, and use of the 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl ester group to “protect” a carboxylate function from reactions which normally occur at ester groups.
Retaining your identity under stress.

Mechanosensitive ion channels from bacteria open like an iris, with the transmembrane helices tilting into the membrane to make a thin, wide structure with a 3 nm pore.
Electrochemistry and blocking properties of thin films of platinum phenylethynyl complexes

We report the electrochemical characterization of thin films of trans-bis(tri-n-butylphosphine)bis(phenylethynyl)platinum(II) and related compounds. Thin films of these materials are interesting because they have exhibited nonlinear optical behavior. Films were deposited on platinum and glassy carbon electrodes by either dropcasting a solution of the platinum complex onto an electrode surface and allowing it to dry, or soaking the electrode in the solution for 30 min. Cyclic voltammetry of the films indicates an irreversible oxidation, as seen in solution. These waves are surface-confined for some species but not all of them. Surface coverages indicate that films exceed the thickness of a single monolayer. Cyclic voltammetry of ferrocene through the films shows a reduction in peak current and an increase in peak separation. The films made of more nonpolar probes block ferrocene to a greater degree than more polar ones.
Semi-Synthesis of Forocidin from Carbomycin, 16-Membered Macrolide Antibiotics

Abstract Members of the 16-membered macrolide antibiotic class show activity against Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma gondii, which are associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Using carbomycin A as a substrate, we report a new semi-synthetic route for the production of forocidin.
Chicken embryo nad levels lowered by teratogenic organophosphorus and methylcarbamate insecticidesag

Abstract Many organophosphorus (OP) and methylcarbamate (MC ) insecticides and related compounds. when injected into the yolk sac on day 4 of incubation, markedly lower chicken embryo NAD levels at day 12 of incubation. The same compounds also produce drastic developmental defects. suggesting that the lowered level of NAD may be the cause of teratogenesis. The most potent OP compounds of those tested are diazinon and dicrotophos acting at 0.1 and 1 mg/kg. respectively, while the MC compounds, escrine sulfate and carbaryl. are effective at 1 and 4 mg/kg respectively. The injection of nicotinamide and other NAD precursors prevents the decrease in NAD levels and alleviates most of the teratogenic signs. Previous hypotheses, including that relating the inhibition of yolk sac membrane esterases to embryonic abnormalities, are less satisfactory or are inadequate to explain this type of chemically induced teratogenesis. Areas remaining to be defined are the biochemical lesion leading to decreased chicken embryo NAD levels and the relevance of these findings to mammals.
Randomized clinical trials in esophageal carcinoma

The treatment of esophageal cancer with curative intent remains highly controversial, with advocates of surgery alone, chemoradiotherapy alone, surgery with adjuvant therapy (including neoadjuvant and postoperative), and trimodality therapy each contributing prospective randomized controlled trials (PRCTs) to the body of scientific publications between 2000 and 2008. Any improvements in survival have been small in absolute percentage terms, and as such PRCTs published over the last decade have met the same primary obstacle encountered by the studies from the two prior decades, namely lack of power to detect small differences in outcome. Variations in staging methods, surgical technique, radiotherapy technique, and chemotherapy regime have in turn been the subject of PRCTs over the last nine years. In many cases primary end points have not been survival but rather rates of complication or response. As well as giving an overview of PRCTs, this article collates the level Ia evidence published to date.
Demonstration of Preferential Flow of Blood From Inferior Vena Cava and From Right Pulmonary Veins Through Experimental Atrial Septal Defects in Dogs

Preferential right-to-left shunting of inferior vena caval blood and left-to-right shunting of right-lung blood has been demonstrated to occur in experimental atrial septal defects in dogs as in the congenital defects in human beings. Existence of these preferential shunts proves that uniform mixing of blood does not occur in either atrium.
Wind power forecasting error distributions over multiple timescales

Wind forecasting is an important consideration in integrating large amounts of wind power into the electricity grid. The wind power forecast error distribution assumed can have a large impact on the confidence intervals produced in wind power forecasting. In this work we examine the shape of the persistence model error distribution for ten different wind plants in the ERCOT system over multiple timescales. Comparisons are made between the experimental distribution shape and that of the normal distribution. The shape of the distribution is found to change significantly with the length of the forecasting timescale. The Cauchy distribution is proposed as a model distribution for the forecast errors and model parameters are fitted. Finally, the differences in confidence intervals obtained using the Cauchy distribution and the normal distribution are compared.
How Perceptions of Deservingness and Permanence Affect Peripheral Group Member’ Helping Behavior

Drawing upon organizational justice and social identity theories, the author examined how peripheral members of workgroups (i.e., individuals who perceive that they are on the fringes of their group) respond to their marginal group status. Specifically, in a cross-sectional field study, the paper explored the role of perceived deservingness of peripherality and perceived permanence of peripherality in shaping peripheral group members’ supervisor-rated helping behavior. Data from 36 matched supervisor-employee pairs were used to test this hypothesis. Results indicate that there is a negative relationship between perceived deservingness of peripherality and supervisor-rated helping behavior and that this effect is stronger when the peripheral position is perceived to be less permanent. In developing and testing these arguments, the goal is to contribute to literature on peripherality and status by examining how perceptions about the nature of one’s peripheral status affect helping behavior in groups. Implic...
Evidence on the Management of Earnings Components

Although recent studies provide convincing evidence that firms manage earnings to achieve certain reporting objectives, there is only limited evidence on what steps firms take to manage their earni...
New equations for nearly geostrophic flow

I have used a novel approach based upon Hamiltonian mechanics to derive new equations for nearly geostrophic motion in a shallow homogeneous fluid. The equations have the same order accuracy as (say) the quasigeostrophic equations, but they allow order-one variations in the depth and Coriolis parameter. My equations exactly conserve proper analogues of the energy and potential vorticity, and they take a simple form in transformed coordinates.
LIMITATIONS OF GADOLINIUM ALLOYS IN CANCER TREATMENT AND RADIATION SHIELDING

Characteristic emission from gadolinium-doped amorphous aluminum nitride thin films deposited on Si(111) substrate are studied, with cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence, for their suitability as tissue compensators in radiation treatment planning. These films are deposited by reactive sputtering at liquid nitrogen temperature, using 100–200 W rf power, 5–8 mTorr nitrogen, and a metal target of aluminum and gadolinium. Thermal annealing was performed at a temperature of 900°C. A sharp ultraviolet peak is observed at 314 nm, corresponding to 6P7/2 → 8S7/2 transition. The ultraviolet emission is intense enough to harm human tissues if it is used as a tissue compensator. Thermal annealing further enhances the intensity of ultraviolet emission, indicating that its longer use as tissue compensator will provide more harm and damage to the human body.
Identification of the circadian transcriptome in adult mouse skeletal muscle.

Circadian rhythms are approximate 24-h behavioral and physiological cycles that function to prepare an organism for daily environmental changes. The basic clock mechanism is a network of transcript...
“The Abominable Crime of Onan”: Catholic Pastoral Practice and Family Limitation in the United States, 1875–1919

By the 1930s few Catholics in the United States could have been unaware of their church's absolute prohibition on contraception. A widely-publicized papal encyclical had spoken to the issue in 1930, even as various Protestant churches were for the first time giving a public blessing to the practice of birth control in marriage. Growing numbers of American Catholics had been exposed since at least 1920 to frank and vigorous preaching on the subject in the context of parish missions. (Missions are probably best understood as the Catholic analogue of a revival.) And by the early 1930s Catholic periodicals and pamphlets addressed the question of birth control more frequently and directly than ever before. As a Chicago Jesuit acknowledged in 1933, “Practically every priest who is close to the people admits that contraception is the hardest problem of the confessional today.” A major depression accounted in part for the hardness of the problem. But it was more fundamentally caused by the laity's heightened awareness of their church's stance on birth control and their growing consciousness of this position as a defining attribute of Catholic identity.
Proposed discrimination between 1/f noise source in transistors

Abstract There are four possible 1/ f noise sources in transistors; the two most important ones are recombination 1/ f noise in the emitter space charge region and mobility fluctuation 1/ f noise in the collector current. It is shown that an extension of the Plum-Chenette procedure can discriminate between these possibilities.
Personhood and Illness among the Kulina

This article offers both a contribution to the ethnography of ethnomedicine among the Kulina Indians of western Amazonia--a region in which there has been little ethnomedical research--and an extended illustration of the value of the concept of "personhood" in the analysis of ethnomedical beliefs and practices. I argue that the current medical anthropological fixation on the Body is neither good ethnography nor productive theory, and I use the Kulina example to illustrate how the cultural dimensions of personhood provide a more satisfactory framework for the understanding of illness. Kulina conceptions of illness are closely linked to the substances and processes through which personhood is acquired, expressed, and transformed. I consider the two major categories of illness in Kulina ethnomedicine, and focus special attention on the more serious of these: potentially fatal illnesses that are linked to witchcraft and to the violations of prohibitions. I suggest how these illnesses serve as languages for the simultaneous negotiation of social issues and personhood.
Enhancing User Understanding via Model Analysis in a Decision Support System

This paper focuses on the analysis of solved, model instances in a decision support system (DSS). Specifically, we provide a unique taxonomy for the existing model analysis systems and approaches based on the type of logic employed, deductive or inductive. Then, we expand the taxonomy based on the premise that the primary purpose of a DSS is to enhance the decision maker’s understanding of the modeled business environment. We then propose a framework for the next evolution of analysis systems and discuss the potential application of knowledge bases and artificial intelligence to enhance a user’s understanding of mathematical models in a DSS environment.
Autoantibodies, ly‐1, and immunoglobulin v gene expression in hybridomas obtained from young and from old new zealand black mice

We obtained a large number of hybridomas from 1-month-old and 16-month-old New Zealand black mice to study the fine specificities of the autoantibodies produced, the expression of Ly-1, and the expression of the immunoglobulin V gene families in this autoimmune strain. Analysis of the autoantibody specificities yielded 2 major classifications: those specific for a single autoantigen and those that exhibited multispecific binding. Among the multispecific antibodies, 2 categories were found: an antigen-inhibitable group and an antigen-noninhibitable group. A large proportion of VHJ558 and VH7183 gene families was observed in hybridomas obtained from 1-month-old mice, and in hybridomas obtained from 16-month-old mice, there was a large proportion of VHJ558 and VH36-60 gene families. Among the autoantibody kappa chains secreted by the hybridomas, there was a higher frequency of the V kappa 1, V kappa 8, and V kappa 9 gene families. Autoantibodies were produced by both the Ly-1+ and the Ly-1- B cell subsets.
ON THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL FRICTIONS AND THE SAVING RATE DURING TRADE LIBERALIZATIONS

We study how financial frictions and the saving rate shape the long-run effects of trade liberalization on income, consumption, and the distribution of wealth in financially underdeveloped economies. In our model, regardless of whether the capital account is open or not, trade liberalization reduces the share of wealth in the hands of entrepreneurs and may well reduce steady-state consumption and income. Furthermore, trade opening is more likely to reduce steady-state consumption and output, the higher is the level of financial development. For economies with an open capital account, a higher saving rate also increases the likelihood that a trade liberalization leads to a reduction in steady-state consumption and output. (JEL: E2, F1, F2, F3, F4)
Combining financial double call options with real options for early curtailment of electricity service

In a competitive electricity market, traditional demand side management options offering customers curtailable service at reduced rates are replaced by voluntary customer responses to electricity spot prices. In this new environment, customers wishing to ensure a fixed electricity price while taking advantage of their flexibility to curtail loads can do so by purchasing a forward electricity contract bundled with a financial option that provides a hedge against price risk and reflects the "real options" available to the customer. The paper describes a particular financial instrument referred to as a "double call" option and derives the value of that option under the assumption that forward electricity prices behave as a geometric Brownian motion process. It is shown that a forward contract bundled with an appropriate double call option provides a "perfect hedge" for customers that can curtail loads in response to high spot prices and can mitigate their curtailment losses when the curtailment decision is made with sufficient lead time.
Effect of Internal Water Pressure on the Measured Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Concrete

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) test procedures and length-change measuring devices on the measured CTE values. Twenty different coarse aggregate sources were tested using the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) suggested CTE methods. Two different types of length-change measuring devices, linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) and differential variable reluctance transducers (DVRTs), were used. No significant effects of length-change measuring devices were observed on the CTE values measured by the TxDOT method. However, the test methods have shown effects on the measured values. The TxDOT method yields higher CTE values than the AASHTO method. Data obtained in this study confirmed that the internal water pressure development during the heating and cooling cycles is one of the potential reasons. Internal water pressure can significantly affect the CTE of concrete. Further investigation is needed to determine the effect of internal water pressure on the CTE, which affects the design and service life of concrete pavements.
Transitions in programming models: 2

Summary form only given. The future of programming languages is not what it used to be. From the 50's to the 90's, richer, more flexible, and more robust structures were imposed on raw computation. Generally, new models of data and control managed to subsume older ones. But now, as programs and applications expand beyond a single local network and a single administrative domain, the very nature of data and control changes, and many long-lasting conceptual invariants are disrupted. We discuss three of these disruptive changes, which seem to be happening all at the same time, and for related reasons: asynchronous concurrency, semistructured data, and (in much less detail) security abstractions. We outline research project that address issues in those areas, mostly as examples of much larger territories yet to explore.
Aldosterone-producing adenomas: mining for genes.

Primary aldosteronism is the most common form of secondary hypertension and is present in about 8% to 10% of patients with hypertension. In primary aldosteronism, aldosterone secretion is excessive and relatively autonomous of the normal regulatory mechanisms.1,2 It was originally described by Jerome Conn from the University of Michigan3 and is thought to be due to an aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) causing hypertension and hypokalemic alkalosis. Primary aldosteronism is now recognized to include a spectrum of disorders from unilateral APA to bilateral zona glomerulosa (ZG) hyperplasia, or idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. The diagnosis of all forms of primary aldosteronism is based on the finding of elevated levels of aldosterone and suppressed renin secretion.1 Differentiation between unilateral and bilateral aldosteronism is done by a combination of adrenal imaging (computed tomography or MRI) and bilateral adrenal sampling.1,2 Diagnosis of an APA is attractive because surgical therapy with unilateral adrenalectomy should cure the disease, and mechanistically, APA would suggest a single etiology of a benign neoplastic transformation of cells of the ZG producing aldosterone, regardless of the molecular mechanism. However, the histological characteristics of most adrenal tumors classified as APA are heterogeneous when one considers the surrounding adrenal cortex4 and include varying proportions of 4 different types of cells: clear cells with large vacuolated lipid–laden cytoplasm and central round nuclei similar to zona fasciculata cells; lipid-poor ZG-like cells; compact eosinophilic cells similar to those of the zona reticularis; and cells with cytological features of both ZG and zona fasciculata cells, designated hybrid cells.4 The lipid-laden fasciculata-like cells usually predominate, giving the tumors a characteristic golden yellow color, but some have more glomerulosa-like characteristics.4 However, the histological picture is far more complex, as most patients with APA also have hyperplasia of the rest of the adrenal ZG (40%) or hyperplastic …
Alice in Cambridge: Sylvia Plath, Little Girls Lost, and “Stone Boy with Dolphin”

Throughout Sylvia Plath’s oeuvre, the children’s book is recognizably one of the most reliable resources to which she returned. In her Juvenilia and early work, as in such poems as “Cinderella” and “Bluebeard,” Plath uses forms, motifs, themes, plots, and symbols from children’s books as frames for her consideration of the lost paradise of childhood, the constructs of womanhood, and the difficult process of coming to voice as a female author. From the mid-1950s forward, Plath’s appropriation of children’s literature became ever more aligned with her personal experience, fragmented and interwoven sporadically into her individual consciousness, her work mirroring patterns in morerecognized postmodern feminist appropriations of children’s literature, especially the fairy tale. As Elizabeth Wanning Harries describes in her essay on autobiography and the twentieth-century feminist fairy tale, postmodern women authors, guided, like Plath, by “the problem of competing, even conflicting selves [...] woven out of different material exigencies and discursive possibilities,” developed the fairy tale into a “fractured” form, one which fragmented the traditional stories and imbedded those fragments in the adult female imagination (110). The fracturing of children’s books in Plath’s work allows for a continual rearranging of shards which illustrates how such stories have both limited opportunities for girls and facilitated the development of young female readers into serious artists. Taking cues from the increasingly popular theories of Sigmund Freud, as well as an American culture that had become increasingly invested in children and the return to one’s childhood past, thanks in part to his work, Plath set for herself early in her professional career the project of “putting together [in her art] the complex mosaic of [her ...] childhood,” which required her to “captur[e] feelings and experiences from the nebulous seething of memory and yank them out into black-and-white on the typewriter” (Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath [UJ] 168). “[U]nriddle the riddle,” she encouraged
X-ray Structures and Electronic Spectra of the π-Halogen Complexes between Halogen Donors and Acceptors with π-Receptors

The spectral characteristics and thermodynamics for the formation of intermolecular complexes of dihalogens, halocarbons, and halide anions with various organic (aromatic and olefinic) π-receptors show their direct relationship to the more traditional donor/acceptor complexes. The unified Mulliken dependence indicates the common (charge-transfer) origin of the long-distance π-bonding of the halogen centers. X-ray structural analyses of the molecular complexes of various arene donors with dihalogen (X2) and halocarbon (XR) acceptors reveal that such non-covalent interactions are characterized mostly by over-the-rim halogen coordination, with the intermolecular halogen–carbon contacts shortened by about 0.3–0.4 A relative to the sum of the van der Waals radii. The location of dihalogen and halocarbon acceptors generally follow the position of highest electron density on the aromatic ring, and the X–X or X–R bonds are directed perpendicular to the aromatic planes. Likewise, the structural arrangements of the halide donors in the molecular complexes with cyano-substituted arenes (by and large) follow the LUMO shape of the aromatic acceptor. Such long-distance π-bondings are attributed to the presence of multiple (close-lying) local energy minima, so that the donor/acceptor arrangements are rather easily modulated by external forces.
Development of a Third Backup System for European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Egg Production

Occasionally, fall field populations of European corn borers (ECB), Ostrinia Nubilalis Hubner, are so small that it is difficult to collect sufficient numbers of larvae to start a new culture. Our data show that diapausing larvae can be collected from a second-generation ECB maize, Zea mays L., nursery for at least 5 years consecutively without loss in virulence of the insect to cause extensive damage to susceptible genotypes of maize.
Influence of Certain Liver Poisons on Action of Parathyroid Extract

Summary1. In acute intoxication experiments with the liver poisons, phosphorus, hydrazine and carbon tetrachloride it was found that phosphorus intoxication almost eliminates the serum calcium rise normally produced by injection of parathyroid extract, hydrazine causes a less marked rise and carbon tetrachloride has no appreciable retarding effect. 2. Since the bone-marrow poison, benzol, causes no alteration in the blood calcium curve following injection of parathyroid extract, the action of phosphorus and hydrazine appears not to be through an injurious action on the bone cells.