cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CBRBrain: provide content based routing service over Internet backbone

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking came from a family of technologies and techniques for organizing distributed applications that takes advantage of the resources available at the Internet edges. In this paper, we propose an innovative P2P system architecture, called CBRBrain, to implement the content based routing (CBR) service over the backbone routers instead of at the terminal hosts. Hence CBRBrain avoids some drawbacks in previous P2P systems and significantly improves the efficiency and security. Data locating process is easily implemented on CBRBrain by associating a hashed key with each data item and storing the (key, address) pair in routers. The cost for topology update is neglectful since the routers is almost static in the Internet and is not affected by the frequent joining and leaving of hosts at all. The traffic generated by CBRBrain system over the Internet is also expected to be significantly smaller as compared with the other P2P systems. The logical topology of CBRBrain backbone can be any self-routing structure to enable the content based routing service. In the paper, we recommend to construct the underlying logical topology based on the pseudo-balanced de Bruijn graph, since it has many nice properties such as bounded degrees, low diameters and fault tolerance. As an illustration, we describe the mechanism of P2P file sharing application under CBRBrain architecture. Our work is a first step in building an intelligent backbone of the next generation Internet and facilitates the emergence of various intelligent applications over the Internet besides P2P file sharing
Women's intercollegiate athletic competition: cortisol, testosterone, and the dual-hormone hypothesis as it relates to status among teammates.

article i nfo Recent research suggests that testosterone and cortisol jointly regulate dominance motivation and, perhaps, the status relationships that are affected by it. For this article, the results of six different studies of women's intercollegiate athletic competition were combined to give a sample size of almost ninety women for whom we had before- and after-competition values for salivary cortisol and testosterone for at least one and some- times two competitions. For many of these women, we had surveys that allowed us to assess their status with teammates. In no matter what sport (soccer, softball, volleyball, and tennis) levels of salivary cortisol and testosterone increased when women participated in athletic competition. Salivary levels of C and T appear to rise in parallel during competition and increases in levels of one hormone are significantly related to in- creases in the other. Salivary levels of these hormones typically decreased for teammates who did not play but watched the competition from the sidelines. For women who played in two competitions, individual dif- ferences in the positive effect of competition on cortisol and testosterone were conserved from one compe- tition to the next, affirming the personal consistency of endocrine responses to competition. Status with teammates was positively related to before-competition levels of testosterone, but only for women with relatively low before-competition levels of cortisol. This result provides novel support for the "dual-hormone hypothesis" as it relates to predicting social status in women's athletic teams — natural social groups of indi- viduals who know each other and whose social hierarchy has evolved over the course of practice and play for at least one and, in some cases, several years of intercollegiate athletic competition.
LARGE-AMPLITUDE WAVETRAINS AND SOLITARY WAVES IN VORTICES

Large-amplitude axisymmetric waves on columnar vortices, thought to be related to flow structures observed in vortex breakdown, are found as static bifurcations of the Bragg–Hawthorne equation. Solutions of this equation satisfy the steady, axisymmetric, Euler equations. Non-trivial solution branches bifurcate as the swirl ratio (the ratio of azimuthal to axial velocity) changes, and are followed into strongly nonlinear regimes using a numerical continuation method. Four types of solutions are found: multiple columnar solutions, corresponding to Benjamin's ‘conjugate flows’, with subcritical–supercritical pairing of wave characteristics; solitary waves, extending previously known weakly nonlinear solutions to amplitudes large enough to produce flow reversals similar to the breakdown transition; periodic wavetrains; and solitary waves superimposed on the conjugate flow that emerge from the periodic wavetrain as the wavelength or amplitude becomes sufficiently large. Weakly nonlinear soliton solutions are found to be accurate even when the perturbations they cause are fairly strong.
The Synthesis of Aporphine Alkaloids. III.1 Steric Effects in the Pschorr Cyclization

Abstract The decomposition of diazonium salts (e.g. 1 Z = N2 +X−) in the presence of a copper (and/or copper salt) catalyst in the solution in which they are generated is probably the most common variation of the Pschorr Cyclization Reaction2,3 as applied to the synthesis of Aporphine alkaloids (e.g. 2).
Some Incomplete and Boundedly Complete Families of Distributions.

Let Pbe a family of distributions on a measurable space such that, for all P∈P, and which is sufficiently rich; for example, p consists of all distributions dominated by a σ-finite measure and satisfying (†). It is known that when conditions (†) are not present, no nontrivial symmetric unbiased estimator of zero (s.u.e.z.) based on a random sample of any size n exists. Here it is shown that (I) if g(x 1,…, x n) is a s.u.e.z. then there exist symmetric functions h 1,(x 1,…, x n-1), i = 1, …,k, such that $$ g\left( {x_1 , \cdots ,x_n } \right) = \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^k {\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {\left\{ {u_i \left( {x_i } \right) - c_i } \right\}h_i \left( {x_1 , \cdots ,x_{j - 1} ,x_{j + 1} , \cdots ,x_n } \right)} } $$ and (II) if every non trivial linear combination of u 1, …, u k is unbounded then no bounded non trivial s.u.e.z. exists. Applieations to unbiased estimation and similar tests are diseussed.
Salmon and Human Thrombin Differentially Regulate Radicular Pain, Glial-Induced Inflammation and Spinal Neuronal Excitability through Protease-Activated Receptor-1

Chronic neck pain is a major problem with common causes including disc herniation and spondylosis that compress the spinal nerve roots. Cervical nerve root compression in the rat produces sustained behavioral hypersensitivity, due in part to the early upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the sustained hyperexcitability of neurons in the spinal cord and degeneration in the injured nerve root. Through its activation of the protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), mammalian thrombin can enhance pain and inflammation; yet at lower concentrations it is also capable of transiently attenuating pain which suggests that PAR1 activation rate may affect pain maintenance. Interestingly, salmon-derived fibrin, which contains salmon thrombin, attenuates nerve root-induced pain and inflammation, but the mechanisms of action leading to its analgesia are unknown. This study evaluates the effects of salmon thrombin on nerve root-mediated pain, axonal degeneration in the root, spinal neuronal hyperexcitability and inflammation compared to its human counterpart in the context of their enzymatic capabilities towards coagulation substrates and PAR1. Salmon thrombin significantly reduces behavioral sensitivity, preserves neuronal myelination, reduces macrophage infiltration in the injured nerve root and significantly decreases spinal neuronal hyperexcitability after painful root compression in the rat; whereas human thrombin has no effect. Unlike salmon thrombin, human thrombin upregulates the transcription of IL-1β and TNF-α and the secretion of IL-6 by cortical cultures. Salmon and human thrombins cleave human fibrinogen-derived peptides and form clots with fibrinogen with similar enzymatic activities, but salmon thrombin retains a higher enzymatic activity towards coagulation substrates in the presence of antithrombin III and hirudin compared to human thrombin. Conversely, salmon thrombin activates a PAR1-derived peptide more weakly than human thrombin. These results are the first to demonstrate that salmon thrombin has unique analgesic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory capabilities compared to human thrombin and that PAR1 may contribute to these actions.
Chylous cardiac tamponade due to catheter-associated thrombosis of intrathoracic veins in a newborn infant

Placement of a central venous catheter (CVC) is a common procedure in Neonatology. Complications associated with CVCs include infections and thrombosis. We describe a case of fatal cardiac tamponade due to chylous effusion in a newborn infant with catheter-associated intrathoracic venous thrombosis.
A practical approach to packaging magnetic bubble devices

A practical approach to packaging magnetic bubble devices is described. The aim of this package concept was to devise and maintain a nonvolatile bubble register, of low cost, low power consumption, and capable of being repaired easily. The package design incorporates existing techniques, manufacturing processes, and tooling. The criteria of nonvolatility is achieved with the use of permanent magnets and permalloy keepers which encompass the device package, Low cost and low power consumption are possible with the use of epoxy glass laminates containing etched drive coil configurations and I/O terminations. The magnetic devices contained within these laminations are accessed via module I/O pins. The product package, as compiled, features low inductance drive coils, uniform magnetic fields, low I/O noise levels, and a low physical profile. Thermal problems as well as shock and vibration problems have been minimized by the inherent design.
Nonlinear growth in modified gravity theories of dark energy

Theoretical differences in the growth of structure offer the possibility that we might distinguish between modified gravity theories of dark energy and {lambda}CDM. A significant impediment to applying current and prospective large scale galaxy and weak lensing surveys to this problem is that, while the mildly nonlinear regime is important, there is a lack of numerical simulations of nonlinear growth in modified gravity theories. A major question exists as to whether existing analytical fits, created using simulations of standard gravity, can be confidently applied. In this paper we address this, presenting results of N-body simulations of a variety of models where gravity is altered including the Dvali, Gabadadze, and Porrati model. We consider modifications that alter the Poisson equation and also consider the presence of anisotropic shear stress that alters how particles respond to the gravitational potential gradient. We establish how well analytical fits of the matter power spectrum by Peacock and Dodds and Smith et al. are able to predict the nonlinear growth found in the simulations from z=50 up to today, and also consider implications for the weak lensing convergence power spectrum. We find that the analytical fits provide good agreement with the simulations, being within 1{sigma} ofmore » the simulation results for cases with and without anisotropic stress and for scale-dependent and independent modifications of the Poisson equation. No strong preference for either analytical fit is found.« less
Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively identify variables associated with early death and postoperative complications in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations. Methods: The data on 1509 patients who underwent 1679 thoracoabdominal aortic repairs between 1960 and 1991 were retrospectively reviewed. The median age was 66 years (range 1.5 years to 86 years), and aortic dissection was present in 276 (18%) patients. The extent of the first repair performed included 378 (25%) type I (proximal descending to upper abdominal aorta), 442 (29%) type II (proximal descending aorta to below the renal arteries), 343 (23%) type III (distal descending and abdominal aorta), and 346 (23%) type IV (most of the abdominal aorta). The median total aortic clamp time was 43 minutes. Results: The 30-day survival rate was 92% (1386/1509) for the 30-year period. On multivariate analysis the preoperative and operative variables associated with death included ( p p p 3 mg/dl or dialysis) occurred in 18% (269/1509) of patients; dialysis was required in 9% (136/1509). Gastrointestinal complications manifested in 7% (101/1509) of patients. Conclusion: Although the survival rate has improved, paraplegia/paraparesis and kidney failure continue to be vexing problems that require further research. (J VASC SURG 1993;17:357-70.)
Destination Image as Quantified Media Messages: The Effect of News on Tourism Demand

This study proposes to quantify media messages about a tourist destination in the form of time series and then use these series as variables representing a qualitative factor of destination image in models of tourism demand. Quantified media messages, or Dynamic Destination Image Index series, are obtained applying content analysis methodology to media materials that reflect news volume, topics raised about the destination, and favorability of coverage. The methodology of quantifying media messages is demonstrated using articles about Russia published in three influential U.K. newspapers—the Times, the Guardian, and the Independent. To test whether media messages account for variance not captured by traditional econometric variables, the series were used in models of total and leisure U.K. arrivals to Russia for the period of 1993-2007. Four DDII-Russia news series were found to be significant factors in consumer destination choice.
Pho signal transduction network reveals direct transcriptional regulation of one two-component system by another two-component regulator: Bacillus subtilis PhoP directly regulates production of ResD

The Bacillus subtilis ResD-ResE two-component system is responsible for the regulation of a number of genes involved in cytochrome c biogenesis and haem A biosynthesis, and it is required for anaerobic respiration in this organism. We reported previously that the operon encoding these regulatory proteins, the resABCDE operon, is induced under several conditions, one of which is phosphate starvation. We report here that this transcription requires the PhoP-PhoR two-component system, whereas other induction conditions do not. The PhoPP response regulator directly binds to and is essential for transcriptional activation of the resABCDE operon as well as being involved in repression of the internal resDE promoter during phosphate-limited growth. The concentration of ResD in various phoP mutant strains corroborates the role of PhoP in the production of ResD. These interactions result in a regulatory network that ties together the cellular functions of respiration/energy production and phosphate starvation. Significantly, this represents the first evidence for direct involvement of one two-component system in transcription of a second two-component system.
Terathanasia, folic acid, and birth defects

1that folic acid diminishes the rate of birth defects by selectively inducing abortions (terathanasia) seem slim. A more appealing explanation for an increase in spontaneous abortion, if it does occur, is that adequate maternal periconceptional folic acid intake maintains pregnancies that would otherwise abort so early as to not even be recognised as pregnancies. This hypothesis fits with the additional observation noted by Hook and Czeizel of increased fertility among women on folic acid supplements (ie, previously unrecognised pregnancies are retained long enough to be counted even though they go on to spontaneously abort). This explanation also suggests adequate folic acid intake allows maternal-conceptus interactions to function more normally. Supplying adequate folic acid by diet, supplementation, or fortification is not interference.
The Information Content of Option-Implied Volatility for Credit Default Swap Valuation

Credit default swaps (CDS) are similar to out-of-the-money put options in that both offer a low cost and effective protection against downside risk. This study investigates whether put option-implied volatility is an important determinant of CDS pricing. Using a large sample of firms with both CDS and options data, we find that individual firms' put option-implied volatility dominates historical volatility in explaining the time-series variation in CDS spreads. To understand this result, we show that implied volatility is a more efficient forecast for future realized volatility than historical volatility. More importantly, the volatility risk premium embedded in option prices covaries with the CDS spread. These findings complement existing empirical evidence based on market-level data.
BASIC meta-analysis: Description of a statistical package

Meta-analysis refers to the statistical integration of results of independent studies. Mullen and Rosenthal’s (1985) recent book provides a package of 14 BASIC language computer programs which perform a wide variety of meta-analytic procedures. This paper describes the system requirements, strengths, and limitations of this package.
Development of a modified Runge-Kutta scheme with TVD limiters for the ideal 1-D MHD equations

A fourth-order modified Runge-Kutta scheme augmented with TVD models have been developed to solve the one-dimensional MHD equations. The numerical scheme is applied to the benchmark magnetic shock tube problem. Several limiters for each TVD model have been extensively investigated, and the solutions are compared to each other and analytical solutions when available. The numerical scheme is proven to be accurate with ability to capture strong shocks, thin contact surfaces, and other physical phenomena occurring in the flowfield without any or with minimum oscillations in the solution.
Pelvic Insufficiency Fractures

Pelvic insufficiency fractures may occur in the absence of trauma or as a result of low-energy trauma in osteoporotic bone. With a growing geriatric population, the incidence of pelvic insufficiency fracture has increased over the last 3 decades and will continue to do so. These fractures can cause considerable pain, loss of independence, and economic burden to both the patient and the health care system. While many of these injuries are identified and treated based on plain radiographs, some remain difficult to diagnose. The role of advanced imaging in these cases is discussed. In addition to treating the fracture, medical comorbidities contributing to osteoporosis should be identified and corrected. Specific attention has been given to 25-OH serum vitamin D screening and repletion. Treatment generally consists of providing pain control and assisting patients with mobilization while allowing weight bearing as tolerated. In those unable to do so, invasive techniques such as sacroplasty as well as internal fixation may be beneficial. The role of operative fixation in insufficiency fractures is also discussed.
The Research of Anti-aircraft Missile Military Strength Planning Model

By dint of the idea of military strength exchange,the optimal fire distribution of different kinds of anti-aircraft missile fire cell to aerial objects is studied from the macroscopical level.The fire distribution of different kinds of anti-aircraft missile's fire cell in aerial defence is analyzed under the optimal target distribution tactic,and a model is established to solve the problem of hierarchical optimization.This model can provide scientific gist for aerial defence disposition and analysis.
Implant Arthroplasty in the Hand and Upper Extremity and Its Future

The author presents the concepts, designs, applications, materials for, and postoperative management of the three different types of arthroplasty that have emerged, namely, resection arthroplasty, articulated joint replacement, and implant resection arthroplasty. Insofar as the future of arthroplasty is concerned, permanent fixation of the components of articulated implants is the greatest challenge.
Antibiotic Management in Renal Failure

This is a brief compilation of the work of many investigators. It includes facts about toxicity and recommendations about antibiotic management in patients with renal failure. As new data are accrued, changes in these recommendations will be necessary.
Uniformly Rotating Bodies: Asteroid 433 Eros

The fundamental problem of orbital dynamics about small bodies is typified by the interaction of the spacecraft with a non-spherical body that is rotating uniformly in space. This was the problem presented to NASA’s Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission when it had its rendezvous with asteroid 433 Eros. Eros has a highly irregular shape (see Fig. 1.5), is uniformly rotating about its maximum moment of inertia, and is massive enough so that solar radiation pressure and solar gravity play a relatively minor role in perturbing a spacecraft trajectory. Thus the analysis of this problem can restrict itself solely to the interaction of a spacecraft and uniformly rotating mass distribution. This chapter is based on an analysis performed prior to rendezvous with the asteroid in 2000, based on a model from a flyby of the asteroid in late 1998 [175] and also recounts some pre-mission planning analyses [154]. Thus, the gravity field values, total mass, and asteroid shape are not as accurate as currently available models, but making such changes will not alter the results and conclusions significantly. Detailed descriptions of the actual mission dynamics and Eros shape model are found in [107, 83].
Chinese Public Attention to the Outbreak of Ebola in West Africa: Evidence from the Online Big Data Platform.

Objective: The outbreak of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014 exerted enormous global public reaction via the Internet and social media. This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the public reaction to Ebola in China and identify the primitive correlation between possible influence factors caused by the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa and Chinese public attention via Internet surveillance. Methods: Baidu Index (BDI) and Sina Micro Index (SMI) were collected from their official websites, and the disease-related data were recorded from the websites of the World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and U.S. National Ministries of Health. The average BDI of Internet users in different regions were calculated to identify the public reaction to the Ebola outbreak. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to check the relationship of epidemic trends with BDI and SMI. Additionally, spatio-temporal analysis and autocorrelation analysis were performed to detect the clustered areas with the high attention to the topic of “Ebola”. The related news reports were collected from authoritative websites to identify potential patterns. Results: The BDI and the SMI for “Ebola” showed a similar fluctuating trend with a correlation coefficient = 0.9 (p < 0.05). The average BDI in Beijing, Tibet, and Shanghai was higher than other cities. However, the disease-related indicators did not identify potential correlation with both indices above. A hotspot area was detected in Tibet by local autocorrelation analysis. The most likely cluster identified by spatiotemporal cluster analysis was in the northeast regions of China with the relative risk (RR) of 2.26 (p ≤ 0.01) from 30 July to 14 August in 2014. Qualitative analysis indicated that negative news could lead to a continuous increase of the public’s attention until the appearance of a positive news report. Conclusions: Confronted with the risk of cross-border transmission of the infectious disease, online surveillance might be used as an innovative approach to perform public communication and health education through examining the public’s reaction and attitude.
Parallel reconstruction using null operations

A novel iterative k-space data-driven technique, namely parallel reconstruction using null operations (PRUNO), is presented for parallel imaging reconstruction. In PRUNO, both data calibration and image reconstruction are formulated into linear algebra problems based on a generalized system model. An optimal data calibration strategy is demonstrated by using singular value decomposition, and an iterative conjugate-gradient approach is proposed to efficiently solve missing k-space samples during reconstruction. With its generalized formulation and precise mathematical model, PRUNO reconstruction yields good accuracy, flexibility, and stability. Both computer simulation and in vivo studies have shown that PRUNO produces much better reconstruction quality than generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA), especially under high accelerating rates. With the aid of PRUNO reconstruction, ultra-high accelerating parallel imaging can be performed with decent image quality. For example, we have done successful PRUNO reconstruction at a reduction factor of 6 (effective factor of 4.44) with eight coils and only a few autocalibration signal lines.
Genome-wide association of trajectories of systolic blood pressure change

There is great interindividual variation in systolic blood pressure (SBP) as a result of the influences of several factors, including sex, ancestry, smoking status, medication use, and, especially, age. The majority of genetic studies have examined SBP measured cross-sectionally; however, SBP changes over time, and not necessarily in a linear fashion. Therefore, this study conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study of SBP change trajectories using data available through the Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 (GAW19) of 959 individuals from 20 extended Mexican American families from the San Antonio Family Studies with up to 4 measures of SBP. We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) while taking into account potential genetic effects to identify how, if at all, to include covariates in estimating the SBP change trajectories using a mixture model based latent class growth modeling (LCGM) approach for use in the GWA analyses. The semiparametric LCGM approach identified 5 trajectory classes that captured SBP changes across age. Each LCGM identified trajectory group was ranked based on the average number of cumulative years as hypertensive. Using a pairwise comparison of these classes the heritability estimates range from 12 to 94 % (SE = 17 to 40 %). These identified trajectories are significantly heritable, and we identified a total of 8 promising loci that influence one’s trajectory in SBP change across age. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of capitalizing on extant genetic data and longitudinal SBP assessments available through GAW19 to explore novel analytical methods with promising results.
Divide, Share, and Conquer: Multi-task Attribute Learning with Selective Sharing

Existing methods to learn visual attributes are plagued by two common issues: (i) they are prone to confusion by properties that are correlated with the attribute of interest among training samples and (ii) they often learn generic, imprecise “lowest common denominator” attribute models in an attempt to generalize across classes where a single attribute may have very different visual manifestations. Yet, many proposed applications of attributes rely on being able to learn the precise and correct semantic concept corresponding to each attribute. We argue that these issues are both largely due to indiscriminate “oversharing” amongst attribute classifiers along two axes—(i) visual features and (ii) classifier parameters. To address both these issues, we introduce the general idea of selective sharing during multi-task learning of attributes. First, we show how selective sharing helps learn decorrelated models for each attribute in a vocabulary. Second, we show how selective sharing permits a new form of transfer learning between attributes, yielding a specialized attribute model for each individual object category. We validate both these instantiations of our selective sharing idea through extensive experiments on multiple datasets. We show how they help preserve semantics in learned attribute models, benefitting various downstream applications such as image retrieval or zero-shot learning.
Gender and Ethnic Bias in Letters of Recommendation: Considerations for School Counselors.

School counselors write letters of recommendation for students pursuing postsecondary education and help teachers and staff prepare for this task. Although letters of recommendation may impact admission and scholarship opportunities, research about equity and bias in letters is minimal as compared to standardized tests, teacher expectations, and grading practices. In this study, researchers analyzed letters of recommendation for evidence of gender and racial bias. Results demonstrate small but significant differences by gender and race in the average length of letters as well as the types of language used to describe students. This article discusses implications for school counselors.
Oxidative coupling of Michael acceptors with aryl nucleophiles produced through rhodium-catalyzed C–C bond activation

Utilizing rhodium catalysis, aryl nucleophiles generated via carbon–carbon single bond activation successfully undergo oxidative coupling with Michael acceptors. The reaction scope encompasses a broad range of nucleophiles generated from quinolinyl ketones as well as a series of electron deficient terminal alkenes, illustrating the broad potential of intersecting carbon–carbon bond activation with synthetically useful coupling methodologies. The demonstrated oxidative coupling produces a range of cinnamyl derivatives, several of which are challenging to prepare via conventional routes.
Market for Professional Nurses in the US

Registered nurses (RNs) comprise the largest segment of the healthcare workforce, numbering more than 2.5 million in the US in 2010. The nursing workforce faces institutional rigidities – more so than with physicians but less so than with aides or medical assistants – and are thus not only somewhat responsive to typical market forces of supply and demand but also prone to temporary shortages. As most RNs are female and often part of two-income households, their labor supply decisions are particularly affected by childbearing decisions and the state of the economy. A growing segment of the workforce is advanced practice RNs, who have obtained additional education and perform work that overlaps substantially with physicians.
Improving Quality in Noninvasive Testing by Certification and Accreditation

Vascular sonography has evolved significantly since its first application in the mid-1970s. As instrumentation has developed, techniques and applications have expanded dramatically. With the maturation of these modalities, the importance of credentialing and accreditation has become central to the function of the vascular laboratory.
Type I antiferromagnetic order in Ba2LuReO6: Exploring the role of structural distortions in double perovskites containing 5d2 ions

Abstract The structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of the double perovskite Ba2LuReO6 have been examined. It is an insulator whose temperature dependent conductivity is consistent with variable range hopping electrical transport. A transition to an antiferromagnet state with type I order occurs below TN = 31 K. High resolution time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction measurements show that it retains the cubic double perovskite structure down to 10 K. High intensity, low resolution neutron powder diffraction measurements confirm the antiferromagnetic order and indicate that cubic symmetry is still observed at 1.5 K. The small ordered moment of 0.34(4)μB per Re is comparable to estimates of moments on 5d2 ions in other antiferromagnetically ordered cubic double perovskites. Comparisons with related double perovskites containing 5d2 ions, such as Os6+ and Re5+, reveal that subtle changes in structure or electron configuration of the diamagnetic octahedral cations can have a large impact on the magnetic ground state, the size of the ordered moment, and the Neel temperature.
Implications for Policy and Change

This chapter explores the challenges that emerging adult populations present to the criminal justice system. Potential policy changes and ways to cope with the risky/dangerous, substance use, and criminal behaviors found in emerging adults are presented. Recommendations for public policy/criminal justice and recommendations for institutions (colleges/universities) are discussed.
Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Genetic Aspects

This article begins by discussing the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as well as for other psychiatric disorders with which they appear to share genetic liability factors. Evidence for genetic factors in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is then reviewed, including findings from family, twin, adoption, and genetic linkage and association studies. Issues in genetic counseling are then considered. The article concludes with a discussion of evidence that some beneficial characteristics, particularly increased creative potential, may also be associated with genes that increase liability for these disorders.
Distribution of skeletal muscle blood flow during locomotory exercise.

If submaximal, rhythmic exercise is to be maintained for an extended period of time (60 min for example), the ATP used to fuel muscular contractions must be provided primarily by oxidative metabolism. As a result, oxygen transfer from air to active skeletal muscle tissue must be matched to the metabolic rate of the muscles. In this regard, up to this point in this symposium, we have considered the determinants of blood oxygenation. The transfer of the oxygenated blood to the skeletal muscle capillaries is the next step in the oxygen transport process. After this convective process, oxygen transfer into the myocytes is determined by the perfused capillarity of the tissue and the determinants of diffusion (i.e., O2 concentrations in blood and tissue, diffusion distance, etc.).
2,4-Dichlorophenol

The benzenesulfonate of this compound is an acaricide, for the control of phytophagous mites.
Spatial Statistics in ArcGIS

With over a million software users worldwide, and installations at over 5,000 universities, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), established in 1969, is a world leader for the design and development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. GIS technology allows the organization, manipulation, analysis, and visualization of spatial data, often uncovering relationships, patterns, and trends. It is an important tool for urban planning (Maantay and Ziegler 2006), public health (Cromley and McLafferty 2002), law enforcement (Chainey and Ratcliffe 2005), ecology (Johnston 1998), transportation (Thill 2000), demographics (Peters and MacDonald 2004), resource management (Pettit et al. 2008), and many other industries (see http://www.esri.com/industries.html). Traditional GIS analysis techniques include spatial queries, map overlay, buffer analysis, interpolation, and proximity calculations (Mitchell 1999). Along with basic cartographic and data management tools, these analytical techniques have long been a foundation for geographic information software. Tools to perform spatial analysis have been extended over the years to include geostatistical techniques (Smith et al. 2006), raster analysis (Tomlin 1990), analytical methods for business (Pick 2008), 3D analysis (Abdul-Rahman et al. 2006), network analytics (Okabe et al. 2006), space-time dynamics (Peuquet 2002), and techniques specific to a variety of industries (e.g., Miller and Shaw 2001). In 2004, a new set of spatial statistics tools designed to describe feature patterns was added to ArcGIS 9. This chapter focuses on the methods and models found in the Spatial Statistics toolbox.
Swing: Swarm Computing for Mobile Sensing

This paper presents Swing, a framework that aggregates a swarm of mobile devices to perform collaborative computation on sensed data streams. It endows performance and ef?ciency to the new generation of mobile sensing applications, in which the computation is overly intensive for a single device. After studying the source of performance slowdown of the sensing applications on a single device, we design and implement Swing to manage (i) parallelism in stream processing, (ii) dynamism from mobile users, and (iii) heterogeneity from the swarm devices. We build an Android-based prototype and deploy sensing apps – face recognition and language translation – on a wireless testbed. Our evaluations show that with proper management policies, such a distributed processing framework can achieve up to 2.7x improvement in throughput and 6.7x reduction in latency, allowing intensive sensing apps to reach real-time performance goals under different device usages, network conditions and user mobility.
Performance and Thermal Tradeoffs for Energy-Efficient Monolithic 3D Network-on-Chip

Three-dimensional (3D) integration enables the design of high-performance and energy-efficient network on chip (NoC) architectures as communication backbones for manycore chips. To exploit the benefits of the vertical dimension of 3D integration, through-silicon-via (TSV) has been predominantly used in state-of-the-art manycore chip design. However, for TSV-based systems, high power density and the resultant thermal hotspot remain major concerns from the perspectives of chip functionality and overall reliability. The power consumption and thermal profiles of 3D NoCs can be improved by incorporating a Voltage-Frequency-Island (VFI)-based power management strategy. However, due to inherent thermal constraints of a TSV-based 3D system, we are unable to fully exploit the benefits offered by the power management methodology. In this context, emergence of monolithic 3D (M3D) integration has opened up new possibility of designing ultra-low-power and high-performance circuits and systems. The smaller dimensions of the inter-layer dielectric (ILD) and monolithic inter-tier vias (MIVs) offer high-density integration, flexibility of partitioning logic blocks across multiple tiers, and significant reduction of total wire-length. In this work, we present the first-ever study of the performance-thermal tradeoffs for energy efficient monolithic 3D manycore chips. In particular, we present a comparative performance evaluation of M3D NoCs with respect to their conventional TSV-based counterparts. We demonstrate that the proposed M3D-based NoC architecture incorporating VFI-based power management achieves a maximum of 29.4% lower energy-delay-product (EDP) compared to the TSV-based designs for a large set of benchmarks. We also demonstrate that the M3D-based NoC shows up to 29.1% lower maximum temperature than the TSV-based counterpart for these benchmarks.
EndCancer: development and pilot testing of multimedia recruitment for a text message campaign to increase cancer screening.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the US but is preventable with timely colonoscopy screening. Although CRC incidence and mortality have been decreasing and screening rates increasing, southeastern Coloradans in particular remain in great need of CRC screening. Media outreach campaigns have previously proven successful in this region, and local clinical partners expressed interest in text messaging and social media community outreach. Methods: The Colorado Cancer Screening Program partnered with the Colorado Cancer Coalition and two community health centers to develop theory-based text messages to encourage cancer screening behavior. Participants were recruited into this text message program through 4 weeks of radio advertisements, locally-posted flyers, and 12 weeks of social media messaging asking community members to text a key word or enter their phone number online to receive additional information about cancer screening. Results: Facebook advertisement proved to be the most successful in engaging community members in the outreach campaign with over 22,600 exposed to ads. Radio and print advertisements were less successful than previous campaigns suggested. Theory-based text messages were effective in maintaining interest in the topic of cancer screening. Ninety-six percent of text message participants remained enrolled through receipt of all CRC messages. Conclusions: The EndCancer campaign provides evidence of strategies that can be used to reach hard-to-reach and hard-to-screen populations in need of CRC screening. Engagement was high with Facebook ads, and those who viewed ads clicked through to the sign-up page, an indication of intent to enroll. Given the promising results of engagement with Facebook ads among the target demographic, social media marketing may prove a successful avenue to enroll hard-to-reach populations into cancer screening educational initiatives.
Ingestible Antenna at Inner-Wall of Capsule for Capsule Endoscopy

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy overcomes various limitations of ordinary endoscopy system including irritating wire and inability to diagnose complicated parts of intestine. Antenna is the main component that removes the hassle of wire. This paper represents the design and miniaturization of a patch antenna for capsule endoscopy with a resonance frequency in the MICS (402–405 MHz) band. The length and diameter of designed antenna are 28.47 mm and 12.45 mm respectively, resulting in a total volume of 4.493 cubic centimeters. The maximum specific absorption rate of this antenna is measured to be 0.0082 WIKg inside human phantom stomach.
Simulation of shading and algal growth in experimental raceways

Abstract Many algae research groups use elevated experimental raceways to characterize algal biomass productivity. Side walls and a relatively large paddlewheel shade the culture and lower productivity, particularly in winter and with low culture depth. This paper presents a four-step method to calculate shading for a given raceway shape: (1) develop a computational mesh of the inner surface geometry of the raceway; (2) offset the mesh horizontally in the x and y directions on the water surface as a function of wall height, solar zenith angle, and solar azimuth angle; (3) calculate the shaded area for each projected mesh with the shoelace algorithm; (4) use regression to develop a response surface for shaded area as a function of horizontal x and y offset. For each time step, the shaded area is calculated with the regression equation based on the x and y offset at that time step. The shading model was added to the Huesemann Algae Biomass Growth (HABG) model. In the model, productivity was sensitive to the assumed light distribution below the water surface. Shading and light distribution models were evaluated with biomass concentrations from three Regional Algal Feedstock Testbed (RAFT) experiments with three different species of algae. Averaging light in each layer resulted in higher calculated growth rate than calculating growth separately in shaded and unshaded areas. The Local Photon Flux Density Variable Light (LPFD_V) shading algorithm reduced the HABG estimate of productivity and improved the agreement with observed productivities. The LPFD_V RMSD values ranged between 0.01 and 0.07 g L−1 and the bias factors ranged between 0.9 and 1.1. Shaded area was sensitive to raceway orientation, water depth, and time of year. A north-south raceway orientation had less average shading in winter but more average shading in summer than an east-west orientation.
Does Learning Specific Features for Related Parts Help Human Pose Estimation

Human pose estimation (HPE) is inherently a homogeneous multi-task learning problem, with the localization of each body part as a different task. Recent HPE approaches universally learn a shared representation for all parts, from which their locations are linearly regressed. However, our statistical analysis indicates not all parts are related to each other. As a result, such a sharing mechanism can lead to negative transfer and deteriorate the performance. This potential issue drives us to raise an interesting question. Can we identify related parts and learn specific features for them to improve pose estimation? Since unrelated tasks no longer share a high-level representation, we expect to avoid the adverse effect of negative transfer. In addition, more explicit structural knowledge, e.g., ankles and knees are highly related, is incorporated into the model, which helps resolve ambiguities in HPE. To answer this question, we first propose a data-driven approach to group related parts based on how much information they share. Then a part-based branching network (PBN) is introduced to learn representations specific to each part group. We further present a multi-stage version of this network to repeatedly refine intermediate features and pose estimates. Ablation experiments indicate learning specific features significantly improves the localization of occluded parts and thus benefits HPE. Our approach also outperforms all state-of-the-art methods on two benchmark datasets, with an outstanding advantage when occlusion occurs.
Facilitating Grace: Choosing Community Over Chaos

This article explores how the escalating tensions in the nation are being mirrored on college campuses and how these tensions can profoundly affect the student experience. The current deep politica...
The Rights of Creditors of Affiliated Corporations

(1) The parent company has advanced funds to its subsidiary in the form of a loan; if the subsidiary does not have enough assets to satisfy all of its creditors, should the parent be treated differently from other creditors? (2) If a subsidiary is unable to satisfy a creditor's claim out of its own assets, should the creditor be entitled to satisfy his claim out of the assets of the corporate parent (i.e., to "pierce the corporate veil")? (3) If two affiliated corporations become bankrupt, should the assets of, and the claims against, the two corporations be pooled?
Uranium Bioaccumulation Dynamics in the Mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer and Application to Site-Specific Prediction.

Little is known about the underlying mechanisms governing the bioaccumulation of uranium (U) in aquatic insects. We experimentally parameterized conditional rate constants for aqueous U uptake, die...
The CdS/CuInSe 2 Solar Cell

Copper indium diselenid that could be doped to be n- and p-type and has a band-gap of 1.04 eV attractive as a solar cell. The history of its development, and the early observation that covered with a thin layer of CdS the conversion efficiency was considerably increased. The crystal structure is described and a table of many electrical and optical parameters is given. The defect structure is discussed which is surprisingly independent of producing the cell. The ease with which the material either by simultaneous evaporation of the elements, or by selenizing a copper/indium metal layer encouraged to seek for other similar compounds that have a slightly higher band gap. Very early the Cu(InGa)Te2 was made with a slightly higher band gap and excellent electrical and optical properties. From then on almost all attention was devoted, and many similar compounds were synthesized. For this reason a separate, following chapter was assigned to these materials.
Microbiology of Activated Carbon

The use of carbon dates back to at least 1550 B.C. where carbon is mentioned in Egyptian papyruses for medicinal uses (Hassler, 1963). Carbon has been used continuously as an absorbent since biblical times (Old Testament, Num. 19:9). Although activated carbon may be made from a number of raw materials (Capelle and de Vooys, 1983), in the 1750’s toasted biscuits were put into the water of the St. Lawrence River to prevent fluxes of the Royal Navy under the command of Sir Charles Saunders (Baker, 1981). About 4 lb. of burnt biscuits were used to a hogshead of water.