cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Child Maltreatment and Resilience: The Promotive and Protective Role of Future Orientation

Maltreatment is associated with risk for a wide range of socio-emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence. Despite this risk, many maltreated youth adjust well through the process of resilience. Extant research demonstrates that future orientation is linked to reduced risks for maladjustment in adolescence. Few studies, however, have tested the protective and promotive role of future orientation using positive and negative developmental outcomes among maltreated youth. The present study aimed to investigate the promotive and moderating role of future orientation among a longitudinal sample of maltreated and demographically comparable non-maltreated youth (N = 1354, 51.5% female, 53.2% African American). Data collected from Time 1 (Mage = 4.56, SDage = 0.70) to Time 8 (Mage = 18.514, SDage = 0.615) were used. Compared to the non-maltreated youth, maltreated youth showed increased delinquent behaviors and reduced self-esteem. In addition, future orientation significantly predicted higher levels of social competence and attenuated the adverse effects of maltreatment on youth delinquency and substance use. The findings highlight the role of future orientation in the development of resilience among maltreated youth, bearing significant contributions to prevention and intervention programs designed to protect youth against risks linked to child maltreatment and promote their positive development.
Accelerating multi-dimensional population balance model simulations via a highly scalable framework using GPUs

Abstract The solution of high-dimensional PBMs using CPUs are often computationally intractable. This study focuses on the development of a scalable algorithm to parallelize the nested loops inside the PBM via a GPU framework. The developed PBM is unique since it adapts to the size of the problem and uses the GPU cores accordingly. This algorithm was parallelized for NVIDIA® GPUs as it was written in CUDA® and C/C++. The major bottleneck of such algorithms is the communication time between the CPU and the GPU. In our studies, communication time contributed to less than 1% of the total run time and a maximum speedup of about 12 over the serial CPU code was achieved. The GPU PBM achieved a speedup of about two times compared to the PBM’s multi-core configuration on a desktop computer. The speed improvements are also reported for various CPU and GPU architectures and configurations.
Relationship Between Depression and Disease Activity in United States Veterans With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Methotrexate.

Objective Depression is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, exacerbates disease activity, and may decrease response to first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. This study aimed to determine if depression affects disease activity among Veterans with early RA prescribed methotrexate (MTX). Methods Participants included Veterans enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis registry with early RA (onset Results The analytic sample was composed of 268 Veterans with early RA prescribed MTX who were predominantly male (n=239; 89.2%) and older (62.7 years ± 10.6) than general population RA patients. Adjusted estimates indicated that depression was associated with significantly higher DAS-28 at six months (β=0.345; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.682) but not at one- or two-years follow-up. Also, depression was associated with significantly worse pain at six months (β=0.385; 95% CI: 0.040, 0.730) and one-year (β=0.396; 95% CI: 0.042, 0.750) follow-up. Conclusion In early RA, depression is associated with greater short-term disease activity during MTX treatment, as well as more persistent and severe pain.
Frequency characteristics of hetero-core fiber accelerometer with two orthogonal vibrational modes of an arch shape beam structure

In this paper, a hetero-core optical fiber accelerometer has been evaluated with respect to temporal and frequency response to dynamic vibration. The proposed accelerometer has a simple arch structure in which a hetero-core fiber sensor was located at the center of the arch supported at both ends of a curved beam. The accelerometer is devised for applications intended for in the defect diagnosis of mechanical structures based on abnormal vibration monitoring, with being capable of rejecting electromagnetic interference, temperature fluctuation, and chemical corrosions. Temporal responses and frequency characteristics were experimentally verified by giving sinusoidal vibration. The waveform of optical loss change in the in-plane mode of the semicircle was found to precisely match the given sinusoidal vibration of 50 Hz. Natural frequencies were found at near 120 - 140, 340 and 760 Hz for the orthogonal two modes for in-plane and out-of-plane. Comparing the sensitivities of the in-plane and out-of-plane modes at frequencies below 100 Hz, the in-plane mode shows more sensitive to be 1.7×10−4 dB/g than that of the out-of-plane, 1.9×10−5 dB/g.
Gamma Radiation from Al 27 + p and F 19 + p

Gamma radiations with energies less than 3 Mev have been observed with an intermediate-image lens spectrometer when targets of aluminum and fluorine were bombarded by protons. Gamma-ray spectra from Al+$p$ were obtained for proton energies of 2.4, 3.0, 4.0, and 4.4 Mev. Gamma radiation with quantum energies of 0.845, 1.014, 1.722, 2.216, and 2.992 Mev were observed and are attributed to excited states of ${\mathrm{Al}}^{27}$. Gamma radiations of 1.369 Mev from ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$ and 2.741 Mev, probably from both ${\mathrm{Al}}^{27}$ and ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$, were also observed. Internal conversion electrons from the excited states of ${\mathrm{Al}}^{27}$ were observed; the conversion coefficients indicate that the 0.845-Mev radiation is $E2$ and that the 1.014-Mev radiation is $M1$. Gamma radiation from ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$+$p$ was observed with quantum energies of 1.236, 1.358, and 1.46 Mev. The relative intensities of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays were observed for proton energies of 3.22, 3.65, and 4.27 Mev.
Investigation on rodent and its ectofleas from Karamay oil field

Objective To know species composition,density and seasonal fluctuation of rodents and fleas in field operation area of Karamay oil field and provide scientific basis for plague control and prevention.Methods Night trap method was adopted to investigate rodent situation in field operation area of Karamay oil field,and captured rodents were brought back to laboratory to collect exoparasite on it.Results During investigation,7 919 rat traps were placed,302 rodents were captured,they were identified as 11 species of 8 genus in 3 families,rat density was 3.8%;601 fleas were collected from these rodents,they were 14 species of 9 genus in 4 families;the average fleainfected rate of captured rodents was 41.4%,total flea index was 2.4.Conclusion The field operation area of Karamay oil field has a high rodent density,it takes potentially risk to work in this area,the field operation staff should improve their consciousness of plague prevention and control knowledge;meanwhile,any change of the rodents and flea situation in field operation area should be closely observed,it has directive significance for early detection and control of plague.
Exercise Is Medicine…and the Dose Matters

The cellular events underpinning exercise adaptation have long been studied since Holloszy's novel findings in rodents over 50 years ago (Holloszy, 1967). Contemporary advances in laboratory techniques have allowed researchers to further explore physiological adaptations to physical activity, and much attention has been given to elucidating the distinct biochemical responses to exercise of varying intensities. More specifically, comparison of high intensity interval training (HIIT) or sprint interval training (SIT), to moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) has been an area of great interest among exercise physiologists. Spearheading these investigations, Burgomaster and colleagues provided evidence for robust and comparable metabolic adaptations when 6-weeks of low-volume SIT was pitted against conventional MICT, despite markedly reduced total training volume in the SIT group (66% less time, 90% less energy expenditure) (Burgomaster et al., 2008). Follow-up studies supporting these findings have provided continued enthusiasm for HIIT/SIT as a time-efficient strategy to improve cardiometabolic health (Gillen and Gibala, 2014; Gillen et al., 2016; Wolfe et al., 2020). HIIT has since become one of the most popular fitness trends as reported by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) (#5 in 2021 survey) (Thompson, 2021). While we acknowledge these findings and are advocates for HIIT, we feel as though it is also important to appreciate the discrepant nature of HIIT and MICT, which may foster unique physiological adaptations with relevant health implications. Few, if any of these adaptations are mutually exclusive, but their magnitude may vary in a manner that should be considered to when determining exercise prescription.
Fire in Mind: The Sandhill at Wekiwa Springs State Park

As you enter Wekiwa Springs State Park, keeping to your left along the main park road, you can’t help but notice a landscape that looks quite different from much of the surrounding region. Rolling hills with hundreds of widely-spaced longleaf pine trees and a continuous blanket of tall, golden wiregrass are punctuated by elevated mounds of brilliant white sand. This is the Wekiwa Sandhill, a roughly 1800-acre remnant of an ecosystem that once covered much of the southeastern United States.
A Scientific Assessment of the Validity of Mystical Experience: Understanding Altered Psychological and Neurophysiological States: by Andrew C. Papanicolaou, New York, Routledge Research in Psychology, 2021, xv + 140 pp., $160.00 (hardcover), $44.05 (eBook). ISBN 978-0-367-68664-2

Andrew Papanicolaou has achieved in less than a hundred and a half pages an entire overview regarding the essential question regarding contemporary psychology. The emphasis (the) is intended for a ...
Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation for Electrolyte Flow in Horizontal EP of Nb SRF Elliptical Cavities

An electrolyte flow velocity on an electropolishing surface affects a material removal rate where higher removal is observed with a higher velocity of the electrolyte. In horizontal EP (HEP) of an elliptical cavity, an electrolyte flow near the equator position might remain slow and responsible for a lower removal compared to that on the iris and beam pipe positions. In order to understand the flow dynamic on an elliptical cavity surface in the horizontal EP process, a computational fluid dynamic simulation was conducted. This study was conducted on 1.3 GHz cavity with different cathodes and acid flow rates. Final aim of the study is to improve the flow uniformity to attain uniform removal especially in multicell cavities.
Proving functional equivalence for program slicing in SPARKTM

Recent trends in software re-engineering have included tools to extract program slices from existing Ada procedures. This paper presents another such tool that extracts program slices from SPARK procedures and proves that the functionality of the original procedure is equivalent to the functionality of the collection of resulting slices. By showing that the effects of the SPARK statements in the collection of slices has the same effect on the input and output parameters of the procedure, we show that the SPARK program slicer, SPARKSlicer produces functionally equivalent program slices from SPARK procedures.
The Realization Network Correspondence with Winsock Control Component of VB

This paper mainly expounds that using the WINSOCK controller which is provided by VB6.0 to program the procedures in the coop intelligent control system, it introduces the character of the TCP protocol and the UDP protocol, and according to the demands of the system environment to choose the suitable protocol. This system uses the WINSOCK controller and the UDP protocol for network communications, and also it has the communication function of network data between all the acquisition controllers and PC.
Punitive Damages in European Private Law

The paper explores the availability of punitive damages in the legal systems of the European Union. It surveys European law as well as the legal systems of the Member States.
Evaluating strategies for foreign exchange risk reduction

Companies' risk due to foreign exchange (FX) rates can be reduced using market-based instruments. We have used the value-at-risk methodology to evaluate FX risk, and have developed a genetic algorithm-based optimization framework for evaluating different strategies. The best strategy is to hedge an identical percentage of each FX exposure.
Probing the metal-insulator transition in Ni(III)-oxide perovskites

Systematic measurements of the resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ and thermoelectric power $\ensuremath{\alpha}(T)$ under hydrostatic pressure have been made on single-valent perovskites of the family ${\mathrm{LnNiO}}_{3}$ $({\mathrm{L}\mathrm{n}=\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r},\mathrm{}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{d},\mathrm{}\mathrm{Sm}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.5});$ they distinguish the influences of chemical and hydrostatic pressure on the insulator-metal transition occurring at a temperature ${T}_{t}.$ The data suggest the coexistence above ${T}_{t}$ of fluctuations of more localized electrons in a Fermi-liquid background with an ordering of the two phases into a static charge-density/spin-density wave below ${T}_{t}.$
The globalization of the nursing workforce: Pulling the pieces together

The "globalization" of health care creates an increasingly interconnected workforce spanning international boundaries, systems, structures, and processes to provide care to and improve the health of peoples around the world. Because nurses comprise a large sector of the global health workforce, they are called upon to provide a significant portion of nursing and health care and thus play an integral role in the global health care economy. To meet global health care needs, nurses often move within and among countries, creating challenges and opportunities for the profession, health care organizations, communities, and nations. Researchers, policy makers, and industry and academic leaders must, in turn, grapple with the impacts of globalization on the nursing and health care workforce. Through this special issue, several key areas for discussion are raised. Although far from exhaustive, our intent is to expand and stimulate intra- and interprofessional conversations raising awareness of the issues, uncover unanticipated consequences, and offer solutions for shaping the nursing and health care workforce of the future.
Quantum dynamics in condensed phases via extended modes and exact interaction propagator relations

This paper presents a new approach to the study of quantum dynamics in condensed phases. The methodology is comprised of two main components. First, a formally exact method is described which allows the description of the liquid as a collection of coupled (through kinetic and potential coupling) harmonic modes. The modes are related to the Fourier modes of the component particle densities. Once the modes have been defined, a canonical transformation from the standard classical interparticle Hamilton function describes a new Hamilton function, which is exactly equivalent and defined on these harmonic coordinates. The final step in this section is the transformation of this Hamilton function into a quantum Hamiltonian operator. The second step in the process is the derivation of a new quantum mechanical evolution operator which is exact and allows the correction from a reference evolution operator, which is formed by adiabatic evolution on an approximate potential. A particular approximate potential which w...
Tensile ductility of superplastic ceramics and metallic alloys

Superplastic ceramics and metallic alloys exhibit different trends in tensile ductility in the range where the strain-rate-sensitivity exponent, m, is high (m⩾0.5). The tensile ductility of superplastic metallic alloys (e.g. fine-grained zinc, aluminium, nickel and titanium alloys) is primarily a function of the strain-rate-sensitivity exponent. In contrast, the tensile ductility of superplastic ceramic materials (e.g. zirconia, alumina, zirconia-alumina composites and iron carbide) is not only a function of the strain-rate-sensitivity exponent, but also a function of the parameter ⋗e exp (Qc/RT) where ⋗e is the steady-state strain rate and Qc is the activation energy for superplastic flow. Superplastic ceramic materials exhibit a large decrease in tensile elongation with an increase in ⋗e exp (Qc/RT). This trend in tensile elongation is explained based on a “fracture-mechanics” model. The model predicts that tensile ductility increases with a decrease in flow stress, a decrease in grain size and an increase in the parameter (2γs−γgb), where γs is the surface energy and γgb is the grain boundary energy. The difference in the tensile ductility behavior of superplastic ceramics and metallic alloys can be related to their different failure mechanisms. Superplastic ceramics deform without necking and fail by intergranular cracks that propagate perpendicular to the applied tensile axis. In contrast, superplastic metallic alloys commonly fail by intergranular and transgranular (shearing) mechanisms with associated void formation in the neck region.
IS THE REAL INTEREST RATE REALLY UNSTABLE

If nominal interest rates have a unit root, but inflation and inflation forecast errors do not, ex-ante real interest rates are argued to have a unit root and are therefore nonstationary. I show that empirical tests for nonstationarity of real interest rates using such a deductive method can be misleading when the stationary inflation forecast errors are large relative to the variation of nominal interest rates.
Multiple genetic components in bromegrass mosaic virus.

Bromegrass mosaic virus has three types of structurally similar virions all of which are required for infectivity. The virions contain either one RNA molecule of molecular weight 1.09×106 or 0.99×106 or two of molecular weights 0.75×106 and 0.28×106. A mixture of the isolated RNAs is infectious and deletion of any but the smallest greatly reduces infectivity. The third largest RNA component contains the coat protein gene.
The Use of Low Dose Methotrexate in Refractory Sarcoidosis

Symptomatic sarcoidosis is usually treated with glucocorticoids; however, glucocorticoids are associated with significant morbidity. Because low dose methotrexate has been successful in treating other inflammatory diseases, methotrexate was used in patients with persistent, symptomatic sarcoidosis. Fifteen patients with either progressive advancing disease or severe side effects with prednisone were treated with methotrexate for at least 6 months. In 13 of 14 evaluable cases there was symptomatic improvement. In 12 of 14 patients there was significant improvement in objective parameters, including a greater than 15% increase in the vital capacity (5 patients), improvement in chest roentgenogram (6 patients), or a greater than 50% reduction in skin lesions (4 patients) or liver function tests (2 patients). In five patients the disease relapsed as methotrexate was being withdrawn; all patients responded to reinstitution of the drug.
The influence of pancreatic hormones and diabetogenic procedures on erythropoietin production.

The influence of the pancreas on renal and extrarenal erythropoietin (Ep) production and on the elaboration of the hepatic erythropoietic factor (HEF) was studied in these experiments. Insulin was found to elevate Ep levels in the anephric hypoxic rat when compared to controls, whereas glucagon treatment augmented the hepatic Ep response to hypoxia in the sub-totally hepatectomized (hepx) animal while lowering it in the renal intact rat. Production of experimental diabetes either through chemical induction by alloxan or following pancreatectomy diminished the Ep response in all groups tested. Treatment with antiglucagon caused an elevation in the Ep response to hypoxia in the intact rat but lowered Ep levels in the hepx animal. In addition, glucagon and a synthetic hepatotrophic agent (L-histidyl L-lysine acetate) stimulated HEF production in the hepx rat, although none of the agents tested were capable of enhancing HEF levels in the intact rat.
Towards characterization of cyber attacks on industrial control systems: Emulating field devices using Gumstix technology

Industrial control systems (ICS) have an inherent lack of security and situational awareness capabilities at the field device level. Yet these systems comprise a significant portion of the nation's critical infrastructure. Currently, there is little insight into the characterization of attacks on ICS. Stuxnet provided an initial look at the type of tactics that can be employed to create physical damage via cyber means. The question still remains, however, as to the extent of malware and attacks that are targeting the critical infrastructure, along with the various methods employed to target systems associated with the ICS environment. This paper presents a device using Gumstix technology that emulates an ICS field device. The emulation device is low-cost, adaptable to myriad ICS environments and provides logging capabilities at the field device level. The device was evaluated to ensure conformity to RFC standards and that the operating characteristics are consistent with actual field devices.
Impact on physician workload and revenue following the creation of a specialty vein clinic within an academic vascular practice.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of creating a new specialty vein clinic within an academic-based vascular practice on clinical volume, physician workload and financial parameters.Methods: All patients evaluated and treated for varicose vein related problems within an academic vascular surgery practice were identified from institutional billing databases. Data were stratified according to the time period prior to establishing a vein clinic (PRE-VC) (1999–2001) and after creation of a vein clinic (POST-VC) (2002–2004). Clinical volume, physician workload and financial parameters were evaluated. Comparisons were made between vein (VEIN) and overall vascular (VASC) practice trends.Results: Comparison of clinical volume, physician workload and financial parameters in both the clinic and operative settings showed larger and more rapid expansion of the VEIN practice than VASC practice between PRE-VC and POST-VC time periods (VEIN vs. VASC growth, respectively: new patient clinic volume +162 vs. +18%; clinic re...
Lattice vibration spectra of Hg1−xZnxTe alloys

Abstract Far infrared reflection spectra of Hg 1− x Zn x Te with x = 0 to 1 have been measured at 295 K in the spectral region 40 to 500 cm −1 . The spectra exhibited two transverse optical phonon modes characteristic of II–VI mixed crystals. For x −1 . The spectra were analyzed by Kramers-Kronig integrations and by fitting them with a dynamic dielectric function. Random element isodisplacement (REI) model calculations of the dependence of the long-wavelength optic phonon frequencies on composition agreed well with experimental results. The REI model calculations were compared with previous results on HgCdTe and suggest a stronger HgTe force constant exists in HgZnTe than in HgCdTe.
A comparison of buffer management systems and associated equipment utilizations

Compares alternative buffer control systems used in a flow process, assembly line manufacturing system. Follows a literature analysis with the use of computer simulation to assess and measure the effects of each system on overall production performance, and individual workstation utilization.
Explaining Russia's output collapse : aggregate sources and regional evidence

This paper explores sources of the output collapse in Russia during transition. A modified growth accounting framework is developed that takes into account changes in factor utilization typical of the transition process. The results indicate that declines in factor inputs and productivity were both important determinants of the output fall. The contribution of the productivity drop was critical, but smaller than previously reported. Possible causes of the reduction in productivity are assessed using data on sub-national regions within Russia. Privatization and entry of private firms are found to have generated productivity gains, while lack of exit of unviable enterprises constituted a drag on efficiency.
Microsatellites from clade B Symbiodinium spp. specialized for Caribbean corals in the genus Madracis

In order to determine boundaries of genetic recombination among putative ‘species’ of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and optimized for clade B Symbiodinium designated as type 7 (B7) and two related types, B13 and B13a. Together, they form a subclade in clade B that is specific to Caribbean corals in the genus Madracis . A total of 52 samples were analysed (including 43 B7, 2 B13, 7 B13a) originating from seven Caribbean locations. Diversity indices at each haploid locus ranged from 0.302 to 0.836 and four to 14 alleles were found per locus. The loci were preliminarily cross-tested on closely related ‘ancestral’ B1 populations found in maze coral Meandrina meandrites and that of another host specialist, B5, from the lesser starlet coral Siderastrea radians .
The coverage of ethics in research methods textbooks

Ethics is one of the most important topics in criminal justice and criminological research, yet it is also one of the most neglected. Indeed, it is common for professors to merely gloss over ethical issues at the end of their research methods classes, or to exclude them completely. The present study attempts to determine if such disregard for ethics carries over into the coverage found in criminal justice research methods textbooks. Eleven research methods textbooks that are commonly used in criminal justice and criminology were analyzed, and coverage of ethics was found to vary greatly across the books. Unfortunately, we also found that some important issues within research ethics are being omitted in the majority of the books, and we make recommendations toward expanding the coverage of research ethics.
Compounds with selective toxicity towards the off-flavor metabolite-producing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria cf. chalybea

Oscillatoria cf. chalybea produces the musty, off-flavor compound 2-methylisoborneol, which can taint the flesh of channel catfish and render them unmarketable. Green algae are preferred over cyanobacteria in aquaculture ponds since they do not produce 2-methylisoborneol and because they are better in maintaining the primary productivity in pond ecosystems. The discovery of compounds exhibiting selective toxicity towards cyanobacteria is the first step in the development of a cyanobacterial algicide that would benefit the channel catfish industry. Herbicides and other synthetic compounds were screened using a microplate bioassay to determine their toxicity towards the cyanobacterium O. cf. chalybea and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. Diquat, paraquat, and diuron were most inhibitory to the growth of O. cf. chalybea (0.1, 0.1, and 1.0 μM, respectively) but only diquat and paraquat were selectively toxic towards O. cf. chalybea. Bromoxynil, cinmethylin, diclofop, isoxaben, and sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate were selective, with complete growth inhibition towards O. cf. chalybea. Of these compounds, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate appears to be the most environmentally and toxicologically safe for use in aquaculture. Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate may not be selectively toxic against all species of cyanobacteria, as evidenced by our additional screening of the compound using another cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp.
An IEEE 1588 Performance Testing Dashboard for Power Industry requirements

The numerous time synchronization performance requirements in the Smart Grid necessitates a set of common metrics and test methods. The test methods help to verify the ability of the network system and its components to meet the power industry's accuracy, reliability and interoperability criteria for next-generation substations. In order to develop viable metrics and test methods, an IEEE 1588 Testbed for the power industry has been established. To ease the challenges of testing, monitoring and analysis of the results, a software-based testing dashboard was designed and implemented. The dashboard streamlines the performance testing process by converging multiple tests for accuracy, reliability and interoperability into a centralized interface. The dashboard enables real-time visualization and analysis of the results. The paper details the design and implementation of the IEEE 1588 Power Industry Performance Testing Dashboard as well as an update of the preliminary findings from the testbed.
Mechanism of Heating and the Boundary Layer over the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract The structure of the boundary layer and the mechanism of heating over the Tibetan Plateau are examined using the data obtained from the First GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Global Experiment and the Chinese Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau Meteorological Experiment from May to August 1979. The meteorological elements near the plateau surface exhibit pronounced diurnal variations. There is a large ground–air temperature difference during the daytime generating a thin layer of superadiabatic lapse rates near the surface. The horizontal wind speed attains the minimum in the morning and the maximum in the evening. A deep and well-mixed layer of potential temperature is observed over the western and central plateau in the evening (1200 UTC). However, moisture is not well mixed vertically and water vapor mixing ratio is larger in the morning (0000 UTC) than in the evening. The mixed layer becomes shallower from the western to the central plateau and it disappears over the eastern plateau. The...
Toxicity of ascitic fluid from pigs with hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Abstract Peritoneal lavage has been reported to be effective in favorably modifying the course of hemorrhagic pancreatitis. This effect is thought to be on the basis of removal of toxins present in hemorrhagic ascitic fluid. In our study, we induced hemorrhagic pancreatitis by operative retrograde injection of a bile salt-trypsin solution into the pancreatic duct with subsequent ligation of the duct of the pig. The animals developed 1–2 liters of hemorrhagic ascites with gradual decrease in blood pressure and cardiac output despite volume therapy leading to death in 12–24 hr. The animals were treated with preoperative Cleocin and Gentamycin and the ascitic fluid was sterilely collected immediately at the death of the pig. The ascites was cultured and aliquots of 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cc were then injected intraperitoneally in mice. The mortality rates of the above injections were 8.3, 10.3, 21.7, 24.4, and 46.4% with 12, 29, 46, 56, and 36 mice being injected in each group, respectively. Intraperitoneal injections of 15 and 20 cc of pig plasma into 15 mice for each amount elicited no mortality; similar injections of normal saline exhibited no mortality. We therefore conclude that there are, in fact, toxic substances in the hemorrhagic ascitic fluid, the removal of which accounts for the beneficial effect suggested for peritoneal lavage.
Surgical intervention for feeding and nutrition difficulties in cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

Aim The aim of the study was to systematically review surgical intervention for feeding difficulties in cerebral palsy. Method We searched databases including MEDLINE from 1980 to July 2012. Two reviewers independently assessed studies and rated the overall quality and strength of the evidence. Results Thirteen publications (11 unique studies) met the inclusion criteria and addressed gastrostomy outcomes or treatment of reflux via fundoplication. In nine studies, gastrostomy-fed children gained weight. Relative to typically developing populations, baseline weight z-scores ranged from −3.56 to −0.39 and follow-up z-scores ranged from −2.63 to −0.33. Other growth measures were mixed. Two studies assessed fundoplication: in one, both Nissen fundoplication and vertical gastric plication reduced reflux (by 57% and 43% respectively), while in one case series, reflux recurred within 12 months in 30% of children. The highest rates of adverse events across studies were site infection (59%), granulation tissue (42%), and recurrent reflux (30%). Death rates ranged from 7 to 29%; however, the underlying cause was probably not surgery. Interpretation Evidence for the effectiveness of surgical interventions is insufficient to low. Studies of gastrostomy typically demonstrated significant weight gain. Results for other measures were mixed. Many children remained underweight, although, given a lack of appropriate reference standards, these results should be interpreted cautiously.
The science, aesthetics and management of late warfare: an introduction

The articles in this special issue elaborate unique but complimentary understandings of late warfare. For us, late warfare is not necessarily a new ontology or distinct practice of war. Our investigations rather examine late warfare in three ways: as something produced by scientific investigation; as an aesthetic with the power to elucidate the broader conditions of its possibility as it performatively constitutes itself; and as a security challenge increasingly yet problematically managed under new regimes of protective warfare.
LACONA: past, present, and future?

Abstract The introduction of laser technologies into the field of art conservation and the formation of the associated professional society, LACONA, have paralleled similar events that took place in laser application to the entertainment, science, manufacturing, military ordnance, communication, and medical disciplines (to name a few). At the time of the establishment of LACONA, numerous conservation applications for lasers had been shown possible. During the early years of the society, many papers presented at this forum reported on projects that had developed some of these into practical conservation tools. In many cases, this involved producing models for the laser processes, advancing the associated laser technologies, or determining optimum laser parameters for particular circumstances. In recent years, maturing research reported here has focused on case histories, refinements and adaptations in technique, and the broadening of databases. Much remains to be accomplished along these veins and will continue to be reported in our future assemblies. However, the success of LACONA suggests a potential for a much broader role of service within the art-conservation community. Specifically, there are numerous new and emerging technologies that could be useful in conservation. Scientifically, they have a great deal of commonality with laser technology, except for their operation outside of the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. A few of these are surface penetrating radar, monopulse radar, radar tomography, millimeter wave imaging, portable and free-induction nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray backscatter imaging. In addition, there are laser technologies such as photoacoustic spectroscopy and photodynamic chemistry that hold promise for conservation science, but have yet to be applied. Consequently, this may be a propitious time to consider opening up LACONA to incorporate such allied methodologies in order to encourage the continuing vitality and relevance of the organization to art conservation.
Cytokinesis is blocked in mammalian cells transfected with Chlamydia trachomatis gene CT223

The chlamydiae alter many aspects of host cell biology, including the division process, but the molecular biology of these alterations remains poorly characterized. Chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins (Incs) are likely candidates for direct interactions with host cell cytosolic proteins, as they are secreted to the inclusion membrane and exposed to the cytosol. The inc gene CT223 is one of a sequential set of orfs that encode or are predicted to encode Inc proteins. CT223p is localized to the inclusion membrane in all tested C. trachomatis serovars. A plasmid transfection approach was used to examine the function of the product of CT223 and other Inc proteins within uninfected mammalian cells. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate that CT223, and, to a lesser extent, adjacent inc genes, are capable of blocking host cell cytokinesis and facilitating centromere supranumeracy defects seen by others in chlamydiae-infected cells. Both phenotypes were associated with transfection of plasmids encoding the carboxy-terminal tail of CT223p, a region of the protein that is likely exposed to the cytosol in infected cells. These studies suggest that certain Inc proteins block cytokinesis in C. trachomatis-infected cells. These results are consistent with the work of others showing chlamydial inhibition of host cell cytokinesis.
Role of magnetosheath force balance in regulating the dayside reconnection potential

[1] When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is southward, most of the ionospheric potential is generated by merging between the IMF and the magnetospheric field. Typically, the ionospheric potential responds linearly to the magnitude of the southward IMF. However, when the IMF magnitude is large, the ionospheric potential saturates and it becomes relatively insensitive to further increases in the IMF magnitude. We present evidence from simulations that under purely southward IMF conditions, the value of the portion of the potential due to reconnection is controlled by the divergence of the magnetosheath flow, which determines the geoeffective length in the solar wind. Typically, the gradient in the plasma pressure controls the magnetosheath flow, so as the southward IMF increases in magnitude, the change in the magnetosheath force balance is negligible, the geoeffective length in the solar wind does not change, and the reconnection potential increases linearly with the magnitude of the IMF. However, when the IMF magnitude increases to the point where J × B becomes the dominant force in the magnetosheath, further increases in IMF magnitude do affect the overall force balance, diverting more flow away from the merging line, decreasing the geoeffective length, and limiting the global merging rate. Thus magnetosheath force balance can be seen as a single organizing factor that regulates the geoeffective length in the solar wind for the entire range of solar wind parameters.
Markov process characterization of a single membrane gating site

Abstract We present a method by which the expected macroscopic kinetic behavior of a membrane patch containing many independent gating sites can be determined analytically from a Markov formulation of the probabilistic nature of a single gating site. This method is applicable to any kinetic system with a small number of reactants and subject to the principle of detailed balance. Using this method calculations are carried out based on the concept of aggregation gating involving a voltage-dependent reversible first-order reaction followed by a voltage-independent reversible aggregation process taking place within the microscopic area of the gating site. The basic macrokinetic properties of the potassium and sodium conductance system are derived from a hypothetical aggregation gating site consisting of four molecules. These results are quantitatively consistent with the average of a large number of individual sample paths generated by Monte Carlo simulations for the same model and the same parameters.
Terra spacecraft CERES flight model 1 and 2 sensor measurement precisions: ground-to-flight determinations

On December 18, 1999, the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) flight models 1 (FM1) and 2 (FM2) sets of scanning thermistor bolometer sensors were launched into orbit aboard the NASA Terra Spacecraft. The sensors measure earth radiances in the broadband shortwave solar (0.3 µm - 5.0 µm) and total (0.3 µm - >100 µm) spectral bands, as well as in the 8 -12 micrometer water vapor window, narrow-band spectral band. In order to measure sensor response drifts or shifts, inflight blackbody and evacuated tungsten lamp calibration systems were built into the CERES instrumentation. These systems were used to determine the sensor responses during the ground/pre-launch, ground to orbit, and on-orbit phases of the sensor calibrations. Analyses of the pre-launch, vacuum ground calibrations indicated that the CERES sensor responses can change as much as 0.6% between vacuum and ground ambient atmospheric pressure environments. The sensor responses were found to vary directly with the temperature as much as 2% between the 311 K and 270 K thermal environment of the vacuum calibration facility. From the vacuum ground calibration through the on-orbit calibration phases, the Terra Spacecraft CERES broadband total and shortwave sensor responses and in-flight calibration sources maintained their radiance measurement ties to an International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) radiometric scale at precision levels approaching ± 0.3% (0.3 Wm-2sr-1). Analyses of the ground and on-orbit calibrations are presented and discussed using built-in, reference blackbody and lamp observations.
Poor Performance Validity Predicts Clinical Characteristics and Cognitive Test Performance of OEF/OIF/OND Veterans in a Research Setting

This study examined the performance of 198 Veteran research participants deployed during Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and/or Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) on four measures of performance validity: the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT), California Verbal Learning Test: Forced Choice Recognition (FCR), Reliable Digit Span (RDS), and TOVA Symptom Exaggeration Index (SEI). Failure on these performance validity tests (PVTs) ranged from 4% to 9%. The overall base rate of poor performance validity, as measured by failure of the MSVT in conjunction with an embedded PVT (FCR, RDS, SEI), was 5.6%. Regression analyses revealed that poor performance validity predicted cognitive test performance and self-reported psychological symptom severity. Furthermore, a greater prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), co-morbid TBI/PTSD, and other Axis I diagnoses, was observed among participants with poor effort. Although poor performance validity is relatively uncommon in a research setting, these findings demonstrate that clinicians should be cautious when interpreting psychological symptoms and neuropsychological test performance of Veteran participants who fail effort measures.
Isolation, characterization and amino acid sequence of echicetin beta subunit, a specific inhibitor of von Willebrand factor and thrombin interaction with glycoprotein Ib.

Abstract Echicetin is a dimeric protein isolated from the venom of Echis carinatus that is a potent inhibitor of von Willebrand Factor and thrombin binding to glycoprotein Ib. Here, we report isolation and amino acid sequence of the β subunit of echicetin that contains 123 amino acids, including 7 cysteines, and shows similarity with amino acid sequences of botrocetin and Factor IXa/Xa binding protein. We provide evidence that biological activity of echicetin which resides in this β subunit is relatively resistant to reduction of the molecule.
Impact of Sea Spray on Air–Sea Fluxes. Part I: Results from Stochastic Simulations of Sea Spray Drops over the Ocean

AbstractThe contributions of sea spray drops to the total air–sea exchanges of momentum, heat, and mass remain an open question. A number of factors obscure any simple quantification of their contribution; the per drop contribution to the fluxes is a particularly important factor that cannot be calculated easily, as are the number of drops formed. To estimate the per droplet fluxes, the authors first calculate the low order statistics from a large number of drop trajectories, which are simulated with a recently developed Lagrangian stochastic model adapted for the heavy drop transport and evaporation within the marine boundary layer. This paper describes the results from simulations of sea spray drops over the ocean, and as one of two parts, summarizes new estimations for the spray-mediated fluxes on a per drop basis. The results suggest that common simplifications in previous sea spray models, such as the residence time in the marine boundary layer, may not be appropriate.
Time varying linear difference systems

A summary of recent results on the algebraic theory of time-varying linear systems on posets is given without proofs. Realization theory is emphasized, and specific calculations closely related to classical ideas are given for systems on the line.
Hostility and adrenergic receptor responsiveness: evidence of reduced β-receptor responsiveness in high hostile men

We examined the relation of Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scores to alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor responsiveness to pharmacological agonists in 22 normotensive and 14 hypertensives (aged 18-34) white males, matched for age and body mass. alpha-Adrenergic receptor responsiveness was measured by the phenylephrine dose required to increase mean blood pressure by 25 mmHg (PD25). beta-Adrenergic responsiveness was measured by the isoproterenol dose needed to increase heart rate by 25 bpm (CD25), and to lower systemic vascular resistance by 40% (VD40). Relative to men with low Ho scores ( or = 21) showed significantly reduced vascular beta 2-adrenergic receptor responsiveness (VD40). Moreover, the decreased vascular responsiveness was more pronounced in borderline hypertensive men with high Ho scores. Ho scores were also marginally significant in predicting cardiac beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor responsiveness, such that men with high Ho scores showed decreased responsiveness as indexed by a larger CD25. Vascular alpha 1-adrenergic responsiveness was not associated with hostility. These observations suggest that hostility, alone or in conjunction with BP status, is associated with reduced cardiovascular beta-adrenergic receptor responsiveness.
Quantitative Analysis of Seizure Frequency 1 Week and 6, 12, and 24 Months After Surgery of Epilepsy

Abstract We made quantitative analysis of seizure frequency 1 week and 6, 12, and 24 months after seizure surgery. Seizure recurrence was significantly higher when seizures occurred in the first postoperative week. Seizure recurrence increased progressively with longer follow-ups, but the 6 month postoperative follow-up period was an excellent index of long-term outcome. In operative follow-up studies, seizure frequency should be reported at fixed follow-up periods, e.g., at 6 months and 1, 2, 5, and 10 years. Meaningful comparison of outcomes between different studies is possible only when reports include outcome at fixed postoperative follow-up periods (as opposed to ranges of follow-up periods).
Output characteristics of the Dual Channel EST

Analysis of the output characteristics of the Dual Channel EST (DC-EST) is provided for the first time in this article. It is demonstrated by analytical modelling and with the aid of two dimensional numerical simulations that the output resistance in the region of current saturation is determined by the activation of the narrow base NPN transistor in the IGBT segment. Based upon this model, the experimentally observed degradation in the output resistance with an increase in the distance between the shorts in the P-base region of the main thyristor segment can be explained. This model is shown to be consistent with the experimentally observed degradation in the output resistance with larger design rules used for device fabrication because this determines the current level at which the NPN transistor becomes activated. The observed reduction in the output resistance results in a degradation in the forward bias safe operating area.