cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prolonged operating room time in emergency general surgery is associated with venous thromboembolic complications.

Abstract Background We evaluated the association between operating room time and developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolus (PE) after emergency general surgery (EGS). Methods We reviewed six common EGS procedures in the 2013–2015 NSQIP dataset. After tabulating their incidence of postoperative VTE events, we calculated predictors of developing a VTE using adjusted multivariate logistic regressions. Results Of 108,954 EGS patients, 1,366 patients (1.3%) developed a VTE postoperatively. The median time to diagnosis was 9 days [5–16] for DVTs and 8 days [5–16] for PEs. Operating room time of 100 min or more was associated with increased risk of developing a DVT (OR 1.30 [1.12–2.21]) and PE (OR:1.25 [1.11–2.43]) with a 7% and 5% respective increase for every 10 min increase after the 100 min. Other independent predictors of VTE complications were older age, and history of cancer, and emergent colectomies on procedure-level analysis. Conclusion Prolonged operating room time is independently associated with increased risk of developing VTE complications after an EGS procedure. Most of the VTE complications were delayed in presentation.
Structure and Reactivity of X-Ray Amorphous Uranyl Peroxide, U2O7.

Heating studite, [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2] (H2O)2 and metastudite, [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2] in a Pt crucible at 200 °C for 1 or 4 h in air leads to the formation of amorphous U2O7.
micro-Stress EMA: A Passive Sensing Framework for Detecting in-the-wild Stress in Pregnant Mothers

High levels of stress during pregnancy increase the chances of having a premature or low-birthweight baby. Perceived self-reported stress does not often capture or align with the physiological and behavioral response. But what if there was a self-report measure that could better capture the physiological response? Current perceived stress self-report assessments require users to answer multi-item scales at different time points of the day. Reducing it to one question, using microinteraction-based ecological momentary assessment (micro-EMA, collecting a single in situ self-report to assess behaviors) allows us to identify smaller or more subtle changes in physiology. It also allows for more frequent responses to capture perceived stress while at the same time reducing burden on the participant. We propose a framework for selecting the optimal micro-EMA that combines unbiased feature selection and unsupervised Agglomerative clustering. We test our framework in 18 women performing 16 activities in-lab wearing a Biostamp, a NeuLog, and a Polar chest strap. We validated our results in 17 pregnant women in real-world settings. Our framework shows that the question "How worried were you?" results in the highest accuracy when using a physiological model. Our results provide further in-depth exposure to the challenges of evaluating stress models in real-world situations.
Improving Diameter Accuracy for Dynamic Imaging Microscopy for Different Particle Types.

Abstract Dynamic imaging analysis instruments are used for sizing particles of different types that might appear in a biopharmaceutical. These instruments are calibrated using polystyrene latex microspheres in water, which is a significantly different system than the typical particles imaged in a formulation. We show how the instruments, when reporting an equivalent diameter, set a threshold for image processing and then apply a built-in correction to account for fuzzy boundary effects. We investigate the degree to which the threshold value and built-in correction influences the size, and ultimately particle size distribution, that the instrument reports on other particle types. Size corrections for a dynamic imaging system in a typical optical configuration were determined by comparison of equivalent image diameters with diameters from Brownian motion tracking of particles. A variety of particles were characterized: aggregates made from a monoclonal antibody available as reference material RM 8671 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, bovine serum albumin aggregates, silicone oil droplets, polystyrene microspheres, and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene particles, a protein aggregate simulant (National Institute of Standards and Technology reference material RM 8634). The results show that the protein aggregates and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene are very similar to one another but quite different from the polystyrene calibration spheres. This points the way to developing new correction factors and calibration procedures based on particle type.
Hsp110 mitigates α-synuclein pathology in vivo.

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the aggregation of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein and its deposition into pathologic Lewy bodies. While extensive research has been carried out on mediators of α-synuclein aggregation, molecular facilitators of α-synuclein disaggregation are still generally unknown. We investigated the role of molecular chaperones in both preventing and disaggregating α-synuclein oligomers and fibrils, with a focus on the mammalian disaggregase complex. Here, we show that overexpression of the chaperone Hsp110 is sufficient to reduce α-synuclein aggregation in a mammalian cell culture model. Additionally, we demonstrate that Hsp110 effectively mitigates α-synuclein pathology in vivo through the characterization of transgenic Hsp110 and double-transgenic α-synuclein/Hsp110 mouse models. Unbiased analysis of the synaptic proteome of these mice revealed that overexpression of Hsp110 can override the protein changes driven by the α-synuclein transgene. Furthermore, overexpression of Hsp110 is sufficient to prevent endogenous α-synuclein templating and spread following injection of aggregated α-synuclein seeds into brain, supporting a role for Hsp110 in the prevention and/or disaggregation of α-synuclein pathology.
The Underground Exchange of Diabetes Medications and Supplies: Donating, Trading, and Borrowing, Oh My!:

Background:The cost of diabetes medications and supplies is rising, resulting in access challenges. This study assessed the prevalence of and factors predicting underground exchange activities—dona...
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Fellowship Simulation Use Survey.

OBJECTIVES Simulation-based education is used in the U.S. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship programs, yet the prevalence and types of simulation used is unknown. A survey was developed to determine the prevalence, the perceived importance, and barriers associated with simulation-based education in these programs. DESIGN A 43-item survey instrument was sent to all 66 U.S. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship programs during the summer of 2018. We defined simulation broadly as "any type of simulation that involved mannequins, task trainers, standardized actors, team training, etc." SETTING An online survey was used to obtain information regarding simulation used in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship programs. SUBJECTS All sixty-six U.S. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship programs were sent a survey request. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Forty-four of the 66 U.S. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship programs (67%) responded to the survey. Ninety-eight percent of responding programs (n = 43) use simulation-based education in their Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship curriculum. Most programs (56%) have incorporated simulation training into their Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship curriculum in the last 4-10 years (range, 15 yr, median 4-6 yr). A variety of principles, concepts, and programs were reported as used in their simulation programs. The most commonly reported barriers to Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship simulation-based education were lack of funding (56%) and lack of faculty with simulation experience (56%). The majority of programs (64%; N = 28) think simulation-based education is absolutely necessary to Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship training. CONCLUSIONS Nearly, all responding U.S. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship programs use simulation-based education to train Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellows with the majority perceiving simulation as absolutely necessary to Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellow training. The reported types of simulation used in fellow training varied, as did training theories and concepts in the simulation programs. More research is needed to understand how to optimize and perhaps standardize parts of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine fellowship simulation training to improve the impact and outcomes of such training.
Treating Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity With Enteral Baclofen in Anoxic Brain Injury.

Introduction Paroxysmal sympathetic hypersensitivity (PSH) has become more frequently recognized in patients with severe neurological brain injury. Left untreated, PSH has been associated with poor neurological outcomes. Currently, most therapeutic options are circumstantial with evidence stemming from subjective case reports. Case series Two young females were admitted after cardiac arrest and found to have anoxic brain injury with subsequent PSH. Initial treatment was targeted at relief of the hyperadrenergic symptoms, which included bromocriptine, propranolol, opioids and benzodiazepines. These therapies were minimally effective, and the patients remained comatose. After initiation of enteral baclofen treatment, they exhibited drastic reduction of PSH symptoms and became alert and interactive. After a 6-week hospital stay, they were both discharged to long-term rehabilitation centers. Conclusion This case series reviews the current therapies used for PSH and discusses 2 patients with uncontrolled PSH secondary to anoxic brain injury. Both patients arose from coma and had significant symptomatic improvement with enteral baclofen treatment. Thus, enteral baclofen should be considered as a primary treatment for PSH to prevent sustained symptoms and prolonged hospitalizations.
Platform Effects on Regeneration by Pulmonary Basal Cells as Evaluated by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

Summary Cell-based therapies have shown promise for treating myriad chronic pulmonary diseases through direct application of epithelial progenitors or by way of engineered tissue grafts or whole organs. To elucidate environmental effects on epithelial regenerative outcomes in vitro, here, we isolate and culture a population of pharmacologically expanded basal cells (peBCs) from rat tracheas. At peak basal marker expression, we simultaneously split peBCs into four in vitro platforms: organoid, air-liquid interface (ALI), engineered trachea, and engineered lung. Following differentiation, these samples are evaluated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and computational pipelines are developed to compare samples both globally and at the population level. A sample of native rat tracheal epithelium is also evaluated by scRNA-seq as a control for engineered epithelium. Overall, this work identifies platform-specific effects that support the use of engineered models to achieve the most physiologic differential outcomes in pulmonary epithelial regenerative applications.
What Kind of Ancestor Do You Want to Be? First Nations Dialogues

Contemporary global indigenous performance, antinormalization of settler structures, and land acknowledgement in Lenapehoking (New York City) performance venues are all explored in 2019’s First Nat...
Conjunctival nevi and melanoma: multiparametric immunohistochemical analysis, including p16, SOX10, HMB45, and Ki-67.

Summary The role of p16 in the diagnosis and prognosis of conjunctival melanocytic lesions in the context of other clinical and immunohistochemical parameters has not been systematically explored. This study was conducted to determine whether p16 is a useful parameter in the diagnosis and prognosis of conjunctival melanocytic nevi and melanoma, either independently or as a component of immunohistochemical panels. Sixty-one patients underwent 61 biopsies for conjunctival melanocytic lesions between 2014 and 2018. Pathologic diagnoses were melanoma (n = 25, 41%), nevus (n = 21, 34%), and conjunctival melanocytic lesion of uncertain malignant potential (n = 15, 25%). The biopsies were assessed for expression of p16, SOX10, HMB45, and Ki-67. In a multivariable model, the parameters most predictive of melanoma versus nevus were diffuse HMB45 staining (odds ratio [OR] = 45, confidence interval [CI] = 4.4–457, P = .02] and p16 nuclear H-score≤115 (OR = 9.5, CI = 1.2–77; P = .04). There was no association of p16 expression with melanoma thickness. Next-generation sequencing identified no CDKN2A mutations or copy number alterations in 12 conjunctival melanomas, including the tumors with absent p16 expression. This study demonstrates that p16 immunohistochemical stain is useful in distinguishing conjunctival melanocytic nevi from melanoma, particularly in combination with HMB45. P16 expression does not appear to correlate with CDKN2A status and melanoma thickness.
Heavy-duty trucks: The challenge of getting to zero

Abstract This research considers strategies that will reduce truck emissions and achieve public health and GHG reduction targets. Freight shipments in urban areas are increasing throughout the world as a result of globalization, rising incomes, and shifting patterns of production and consumption. Urban freight shipments are overwhelmingly made by trucks, which generate significant negative impacts on human health and contribute to GHG emissions. We examine the potential of zero emission heavy-duty trucks (ZEHDTs). We use simulation modeling and case studies to explore the impacts of using battery electric heavy-duty trucks (BEHDTs) and natural gas hybrid heavy-duty trucks (hybrid HDTs) in freight operations, taking into account differences in performance and refueling. We estimate impacts for 2020, 2025, and 2030. BEHDT applications are limited in the near term due to range and charging limitations, but as BEHDT performance improves and prices go down, they are viable for a larger segment of the market. Hybrid vehicles are the most cost-effective alternative for reducing air toxics, but BEHDTs reduce air toxics the most by 2025. Subsidies and charging infrastructure investment would be required to promote use of BEHDTs.
Properties of human parotid amylase immobilized by covalent binding to glass or sepharose or by reaction with immobilized antibody

Human parotid amylase was immobilized by covalent binding to CNBr-activated Sepharose, to Corning GAO-3940 silica glass biomaterial support by the diazonium reaction or reaction with glutaraldehyde, or as a result of the antigen-antibody reaction between rabbit antihuman parotid amylase IgG that was covalently bonded to GAO glass and soluble amylase. The amylase directly bonded to the supports showed constant activity at flow rates of 3-15 ml/min through a 1.76-cm3 (8-mm diameter) support bed, did not lose enzyme into a circulating starch solution, retained its activity in the presence of soluble antiamylase IgG, was optimally active at 35°-40°C, and lost activity at 40°-45°C. When the enzyme was bound by interaction with immobilized antibody, full activity was expressed, but some enzyme was solubilized by a circulating starch solution. Immobilization of either amylase or antiamylase IgG makes dissolution of the antigen-antibody bond difficult.
Variation in the distribution of a genome-specific DNA sequence on chromosomes reveals evolutionary relationships in the Triticum and Aegilops complex

The present study analyzed the distribution pattern of the Ae. speltoides–derived repetitive clone pGc1R-1 in the Triticum/Aegilops complex. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that clone pGc1R-1 is a S-genome-specific repetitive sequence that hybridized to the S-genome of three species in the section Sitopsis, Aegilops speltoides (S), Ae. longissima (Sl), and Ae. sharonensis (Ssh), but not to Ae. bicornis (Sb) and Ae. searsii (Ss), nor to any other diploid Aegilops species. This clone also hybridized to the very closely related G-genome of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum and T. timopheevii ssp. timopheevii, but not to the B-genome of T. turgidum and T. aestivum. Hybridization also was observed in the polyploid Aegilops species, Ae. kotschyi (UkSk), Ae. peregrina (UpSp), and Ae. vavilovii (XvaDvaSva). Large inter- and intraspecific variations were observed. Our results confirm that the S genome is related more to the Sl and Ssh genomes than to the Sb and Ss genomes; there is a greater affinity between the G and S genomes than between the B and S genomes. Mechanisms to account for the variation in the FISH pattern with different genomes include sequence amplification and deletion. Variation in the distribution of this genome-specific DNA sequence, pGc1R-1, on chromosomes can be used to reveal evolutionary relationships in the Triticum and Aegilops complex.
Mixing and chemical reactions: Chemical selectivities

Abstract A stretching model can be applied to complex reactions as well as simple reactions. (1) For complex reactions different product distributions result from different mixing rates. For competitive reactions better mixing will generally favor products of reactions with higher reaction rate constants until reactions reach the reaction control limit, when so-called perfect mixing prevails. These effects are demonstrated in two cases of competitive reactions.
Magnetic Fields of DC Currents (Steady Flow of Charge)

This chapter contains sections titled: Magnetic Field Vectors and Properties of Materials Gauss's Law for the Magnetic Field and the Surface Integral The Biot-Savart Law Amp??????re's Law and the Line Integral Vector Magnetic Potential Determining the Inductance of a Current Loop: A Preliminary Discussion Energy Stored in the Magnetic Field The Method of Images Steady (DC) Currents Must Form Closed Loops
Z pinch implosions in the kinetic ion regime

Summary form only given. This report presents Z pinch simulations in the kinetic ion regime done with the 3D version of the MERLIN particle code. Some stabilization is found compared with plasma in the fluid regime. Also several features are shown to be present in the kinetic ion regime which would be washed away by the collisions in the fluid regime. These features would be related to the off diagonal elements of the pressure tensor in an extended fluid like model.
Effects of chlorpromazine on biological membranes-II. Chlorpromazine-induced changes in human erythrocytes.

Abstract Different techniques were employed to study the effects of chlorpromazine on the permeability of human erythrocytes to various compounds. Preliminary experiments indicated that the drug reduced the rate of hemolysis in the presence of isotonic urea or glycerol. In protecting human red blood cells against hypotonic hemolysis, chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine were found to be active at concentrations as low as 7.5 × 10 −6 M and 10 −6 M, respectively. Chlorpromazine sulfoxide, a weak tranquilizer, gave no protection even at concentrations as high as 10 −3 M. These effects correlated well with the clinical potency of the compounds tested and also varied directly with the amounts of each drug adsorbed by the erythrocytes.
Chapter 1 Molecular Virology of Rubella Virus

Publisher Summary Rubella virus is a potent, infectious, teratogenic agent that continues to cause devastating epidemics of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in much of the world Viruses isolated from CRS cases are identical to viruses from postnatal rubella cases. There is significant sequence variation among the currently circulating rubella viruses; although a specific antigenic site in the E2 protein recognized a monoclonal antibody in western blots is not conserved, overall there is only one serotype of rubella viruses. There is sufficient variability in currently circulating rubella viruses to allow the molecular epidemiology of rubella viruses to support rubella control and elimination activities. Some rubella virus genotypes are geographically restricted, allowing sporadic cases caused by these genotypes in other locations to be considered importations. In addition, p90 has been shown to interact with both the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and the cytokinesis regulatory protein, citron-K kinase. There is evidence that a balance between cellular survival signals and normal proliferative signals is needed for optimal virus growth. It is noted that molecular evidence for the mechanism(s) of teratogenesis are lacking in humans or animal models. These works in cell lines suggest that interactions between rubella proteins (e.g. p90) with cellular proteins that regulate cell growth may be the reason why rubella virus is a potent human teratogen.
Properties of a Mutant of Escherichia coli with a Temperature-sensitive Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate Aldolase.

Bock, August (Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.), and Frederick C. Neidhardt. Properties of a mutant of Escherichia coli with a temperature-sensitive fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase. J. Bacteriol. 92:470–476. 1966.—A mutant of Escherichia coli in which fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase functions at 30 C but not at 40 C was used to study the physiological effect of a specific block in the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway. Growth of the mutant at 40 C was found to be inhibited by the presence of glucose or certain related compounds in the medium. At 40 C, glucose was metabolized at 30 to 40% of the control rate and was abnormal in that glucose was converted into other six-carbon substances (probably gluconate, in large part) that were released into the culture medium. The inhibition was complete, but transient; its duration depended upon the initial amount of inhibitor added. The resumption of growth at 40 C was correlated with the further catabolism of the excreted compounds. When glycerol was used to grow the mutant at 40 C, the growth inhibition by glucose was accompanied by cessation of glycerol metabolism. Growth on α-glycerol phosphate was not inhibited under these conditions, implicating glycerol kinase as a possible site of inhibition; no inhibition of glycerol kinase by sugar phosphates, however, could be detected in vitro. The inhibitory effect of glucose on growth at 40 C is not caused by a deficit of intracellular adenosine triphosphate, but may be the result of a generalized poisoning of many cell processes by a greatly increased intracellular concentration of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, the substrate of the damaged enzyme.
Wide-band analog CMOS circuits at intermediate frequencies

A cell library has been created for development of semicustom analog ICs. This library includes amplifier, variable gain amplifier, limiter, and switch cells for use in the 5-500 MHz band. Performance is comparable to that of similar IF frequency devices in both hybrid and discrete form. These circuits exhibit predictable characteristics, high yields, and high levels of integration. Suitable applications for analog CMOS IF circuits are where small size, production cost, and good channel-to-channel matching are important. These characteristics are met by maximizing the level of integration on chip. The author examines and discusses the design of the abovementioned devices. >
Stimulation of secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin by intraduodenal amino acid perfusion.

The effect of intraduodenal or intravenous administration of a 30-gm mixed amino acid solution on serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), α-amino nitrogen (AAN), glucose, and insulin concentrations was studied in 10 normal subjects. Initially, an intraduodenal amino acid perfusion (15 ml per min × 60 min) was performed in each subject and was followed in 1 to 2 weeks by an intravenous infusion. Peak AAN concentrations occurred at 60 min after both routes of administration, but were greater with intravenous infusion, 145 ± 5.7 μg per ml vs. 89 ± 4.4 μg per ml (P
Tissue polarity in the retina.

In multicellular organisms, most tissues derived from epithelial cell sheets form highly organized structures that are not only polarized in the apicalbasolateral axis but also display a polarization within the plane of the epithelium (Fig. 1). The function of many organs or tissues requires this additional axis of polarity within the epithelium, namely a uniform polarity of single cells or multicellular units within the plane of the epithelium. This type of polarization of cells is usually referred to as epithelial planar polarity, planar cell polarity, or as mostly used in Drosophila,tissue polarity. Such polarization is evident in most epidermal structures (e.g., the ordered appearance of scales in fish or feathers in birds), in neuroepithelia (e.g., the inner ear epithelium, where the stereocilia bundles are aligned for normal sensitivity to sound) as well as in internal organs (e.g., in the oviduct, with the cilia allowing directional transport of an egg). Another very good example is the exocuticle in insects, as all the respective tissues are derived from the single cell layer epithelial imaginal discs (Adler 1992; Gubb 1993; Eaton 1997). Similarly, the Drosophila retina, as it is derived from a single cell layer epithelium, the eye imaginal disc, displays a tissue or planar polarity (Dietrich 1909). It is an intriguing problem how cells that are hundreds of cell diameters apart adopt the same polarity in the plane.
Biological imaging with laser-feedback microscopy (LFM)

Optical laser-feedback microscopy (LFM), a scanning confocal interference microscopy, furnishes nanometer axial and 200 nm lateral resolution of surface topology when examining well-defined reflective hard surfaces such as semiconductors, metals, or other materials. Biological samples (e.g., cells or tissues under physiological conditions) are important objects for examination by LFM as the improved resolution available with this new method of optical microscopy can furnish biological structural information on a scale previously only attainable with electron microscopy but without the necessity for sample fixation or staining or the effect of ionization-produced radiation damage. Although the small refractive-index changes that occur at biological-membrane/water interfaces produce sufficient signal to be useful in LFM- imaging, being able to obtain `optical-sectioning' at a scale of nanometers and derive 3D information at that resolution would allow intracellular biological structures (e.g., organelles, chromosomes) and their functional changes to be determined on physiological-viable samples. By incorporating information from two simultaneously-acquired LFM images (optical phase and amplitude reflectivity), information has been obtained on a variety of biological cells; two examples will be presented, images of a green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and of a human erythrocyte.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A finite element -- Capacitance method for elliptic problems on regions partitioned into subregions

A method is given for the solution of linear equations arising in the finite element method applied to a general elliptic problem. This method reduces the original problem to several subproblems (of the same form) considered on subregions, and an auxiliary problem. Very efficient iterative methods with the preconditioning operator and using FFT are developed for the auxiliary problem.
The development of Marx’s theory of the distribution of surplus-value in the Manuscript of 1861–63

Abstract It has been discovered in recent years that Marx wrote four drafts of Capital, not just two (the Grundrisse and Capital), as was previously thought. The second draft is the Manuscript of 1861–63 in which Marx developed for the first time his theory of the distribution of the total surplus-value into individual parts (equal rates of profit, commercial profit, interest, and rent) that would later be the content of Volume 3 of Capital. This paper reviews how Marx developed his theory of the distribution of surplus-value in the Manuscript of 1861–63.
The influence of a peripheral layer of different viscosity on peristaltic pumping with Newtonian fluids

The analysis by Shapiro et al. (1969) of a two-dimensional peristaltic pump at small Reynolds number and with long wavelengths is extended to include a Newtonian peripheral layer adjacent to the wall to simulate the effect of a coating in physiological flows. An earlier analysis by Shukla et al. (1980) violates mass conservation because of an incorrect deduction of the interface shape. We present a detailed analysis of the effect of the peripheral layer on the fluid motions, the pumping characteristics, and the phenomena of reflux and trapping. For prescribed wall motion, a peripheral layer more viscous than the inner fluid improves pumping performance, while a less-viscous outer layer degrades performance. Even a very thin peripheral layer may substantially reduce pumping if the viscosity in this layer is very low relative to the inner region. The effects of the peripheral layer on reflux and trapping depend on the conditions which are held fixed while making the comparison. However, the general trend with decreasing peripheral-layer viscosity is towards an overall decrease in trapping, a decrease in reflux with fixed total volume flow rate, but an increase in reflux with fixed pressure head.
Influence of cadmium on the ultrastructure of developing chloroplasts in soybean and corn

Abstract The influence of cadmium on the ultrastructure of developing chloroplasts in soybean and corn was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Soybean and corn plants were grown in the dark in Hoagland's solution containing 30, 50 and 100 μM final concentrations of cadmium chloride. After 48 hr in the dark, the plants were exposed to continuous light for 48 hr. The 100 μM treatment group in soybean showed reddish-brown discoloration and wilting of leaves and growth retardation after 48 hr of light. Leaf samples for electron microscopy were taken in the dark and after 12, 24, and 48 hr of exposure to light. Plastids in the 100 μM treatment group of soybeans exhibited a number of defects in their developmental pathway. The etioplasts of dark grown plants failed to develop a prolamellar body. Plastid development was also retarded in the 100μM treatment group. After 48 hr of exposure to light, severe disruption of grana was observed; thylakoids were widely and irregularly spaced. Soybean in other cadmium concentrations showed no disruption in the chloroplast developmental pathway. The corn showed no ultrastructural disruption of chloroplast development in any of the concentration of cadmium tested.
Gender, role conflict, and the development of relativistic and dialectical thinking

Females have been found to experience greater role conflict. The present study explored whether this conflict fosters earlier social cognitive development. A battery of questionnaires, including a vocabulary test, a role conflict questionnaire, a role articulation questionnaire, and a questionnaire of social cognitive (i.e., absolute, relativistic, and dialectical) paradigm beliefs, was administered to a sample of 121 high-school freshmen, college freshmen, and college seniors. As predicted, females reported more role conflict, showed greater role articulation, and exhibited more advanced (i.e., relativistic and/or dialectical) social cognitive development. The role conflict questionnaire did not correlate with social cognition or mediate its relationship to gender, but future role articulation of family roles and the synthesis of family and work roles did. However, the causal relations were not unidirectional, and alternative hypotheses are discussed.
Fighting Guerrillas: The United States and low‐intensity conflict in El Salvador 1

(1990). Fighting Guerrillas: The United States and low‐intensity conflict in El Salvador. New Political Science: Vol. 9, No. 1-2, pp. 21-53.
On the chemistry of Jupiter's upper atmosphere

Ion-molecule chemistry of Jupiter upper atmosphere, studying equilibrium and nonequilibrium abundances of hydrocarbon products due to UV radiation reaction
Outbreak of scrub typhus in the North East Himalayan region-Sikkim: an emerging threat

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness that is known to be endemic in the South East Asian countries and the Western Pacific region. We here report an outbreak in the tiny Himalayan state of Sikkim. Patients with pyrexia of unknown origin were evaluated. They were screened by Weil-Felix test and the rapid immunochromatographic method. Samples that were positive by either Weil-Felix agglutination test or by rapid immunochromatography were confirmed by IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total 204 samples were screened. Sixty-three patients were confirmed positive among which 42 were male and 21 were female. Effective management and early administration of antibiotics will help prevent the complications and mortality associated with scrub typhus.
Self-Paced Instruction: An Innovation that Failed

(1979). Self-Paced Instruction: An Innovation that Failed. Teaching of Psychology: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 42-46.
The Cessation of Continuous Spike Wave in Slow-Wave Sleep Following a Temporal Lobectomy

The role of surgery in continuous spike wave in slow-wave sleep has not been robustly explored. The authors present a case of an 11-year-old boy with refractory partial seizures and continuous spike wave in slow-wave sleep who was treated with an anterior temporal lobectomy. His presurgical brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed right basal ganglia and thalamic infarcts and right mesial temporal sclerosis. Following surgery, he achieved seizure freedom, cessation of continuous spike wave in slow-wave sleep, and improved cognition. This case provides further evidence that epilepsy syndromes with generalized electrographic discharges can be secondary to focal pathology and potentially cured with resective surgery. The normalization of his sleep electroencephalogram following the anterior temporal lobectomy suggests that temporal lobe structures may be involved in the seizure network needed to generate continuous spike wave in slow-wave sleep.
Effect of Rifampin on Cutaneous Hypersensitivity to Purified Protein Derivative in Humans

The effect of rifampin on cutaneous hypersensitivity was studied in 11 tuberculous patients. A suppressive effect was noted in eight patients, five of whom developed a negative response to the strength of purified protein derivative to which they had been shown to be previously sensitive. In one instance complete anergy to purified protein derivative was noted. It appears that rifampin has immunosuppressive effects in some patients when used in conventional doses.
If These Walls Could Talk: Places as Stages for Human Drama

I advance the argument that the construction of identity is dependent on the actor's participation in interpersonal dramas. The narratives that flow from participation in personal or social drama become the anchors that affirm one's claims to identity. Historically, psychologists have given little attention to the places that provide the stages for such action. A dramatic engagement involves not only the act, the actors and their motives, but also the scenes (the places) that provide the backdrop for social life. Observations of the variability in performances attributable to scenes suggests place identity as a significant component of social identity. Accounts of emotional attachments to places support place identity as a useful construction in describing the components of a self. An implication of this analysis is that architects and planners, in their efforts to redesign cities, should take into account the construction that urban places are stages for the enactment of human dramas.
Cavitational flow in a channel with oscillatory wall

On considere un probleme de cavite symetrique bidimensionnelle dans un canal a paroi courbe. Unicite et existence de la solution. Estimation du nombre d'oscillations de la frontiere libre. Application aux problemes de jet bidimensionnel et de cavites asymetriques
A unified approach for predicting sound radiation from baffled rectangular plates with arbitrary boundary conditions

This paper discusses sound radiation from a baffled rectangular plate with each of its edges arbitrarily supported in the form of elastic restraints. The plate displacement function is universally expressed as a 2-D Fourier cosine series supplemented by several 1-D series. The unknown Fourier expansion coefficients are then determined by using the Rayleigh–Ritz procedure. Once the vibration field is solved, the displacement function is further simplified to a single standard 2-D Fourier cosine series in the subsequent acoustic analysis. Thus, the sound radiation from a rectangular plate can always be obtained from the radiation resistance matrix for an invariant set of cosine functions, regardless of its actual dimensions and boundary conditions. Further, this radiation resistance matrix, unlike the traditional ones for modal functions, only needs to be calculated once for all plates with the same aspect ratio. In order to determine the radiation resistance matrix effectively, an analytical formula is derived in the form of a power series of the non-dimensional acoustic wavenumber; the formula is mathematically valid and accurate for any wavenumber. Several numerical examples are presented to validate the formulations and show the effect of the boundary conditions on the radiation behavior of planar sources.
Energy reductions for embedded processors in reconfigurable hardware

The use of reconfigurable hardware in embedded applications is steadily growing as industry's need for flexible systems with reduced component count rises. As each generation passes, the size of embedded system components is shrinking and the primary energy concern is shifting from dynamic power to static power consumption. With processes moving towards 45 nm and smaller, subthreshold current leakage and gate oxide leakage are accounting for a larger percentage of energy consumption, often overtaking that of dynamic power. As processes continue to shrink, static power will continue to grow to unacceptable levels rendering most reconfigurable hardware incapable of competing in mobile market solutions. In this paper we examine two methods of reducing the static power consumption to lessen the energy consumption of a Xilinx Spartan 3E Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In order to examine the effects of each method, two processors differing in complexity and size were created and simulated single precision floating point addition and multiplication operations were executed on them. The two methods employed results in an average of more than 70% static power savings for a very simple processor as well as more than 40% static power savings for a Relatively Simple processor.
Work loss and work entry among persons with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparisons with a national matched sample.

Objective To prospectively track work loss among those employed and work entry among those not employed in a cohort of persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), assess risk factors for these outcomes, and compare rates of the outcomes with a matched national sample. Methods The present study analyzed 4 years of data from the Lupus Outcomes Study (LOS), augmented by information on the local labor market from the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to assess time from study initiation until work loss or work entry, and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate factors affecting these outcomes. Finally, we compared rates of work loss and work entry in the LOS with rates in the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Results At study initiation, 394 LOS participants (51%) were employed, of whom 92 (23.4%) experienced work loss. In multivariate analysis, older age, lower cognitive and physical functioning, and higher reports of depressive symptoms predicted work loss. In comparison with the SIPP sample, rates of work loss did not differ. Of the 376 LOS participants not employed, 76 (20.2%) experienced work entry. In multivariate analysis, less disease activity, fewer lung manifestations, better physical functioning, and shorter time since last employment predicted work entry. In comparison with the SIPP, rates of work entry were only lower between ages 35 and 55 years. Conclusion Until age 55 years, low rates of employment among persons with SLE may be due to lower rates of work entry rather than higher rates of work loss. Beyond age 55 years, both high rates of work loss and low rates of work entry contribute to low rates of employment.
Deposition of insect cuticle in vitro: Differential responses to α- and β-ecdysone

Abstract A series of time-dose studies was made to study the effects of α- and β-ecdysone on the induction of cuticle deposition by leg regenerates of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae (F.). With β-ecdysone, similar contributions to the frequency of cuticle deposition were made by the concentration of and length of exposure to the hormone. The ability of α-ecdysone to induce cuticle deposition was time-dependent. Thus, the action of α-ecdysone required an additional rate-limited process that was not required for the action of β-ecdysone. Subsequent experiments showed that the action of α-ecdysone was inhibited by the presence of puromycin but that that of β-ecdysone was not. These findings indicate that the activity of α-ecdysone in inducing cuticle deposition in vitro is dependent on its enzymatic conversion to β-ecdysone. An overview of the literature suggests that these processes differ in tissues of insect from different orders.
Crossbridge-mediated Activation of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Myofibrillar ATPase: a Role for the Calcium Binding Domains of Troponin C

Activation of the thin filament in striated muscle is a cooperative process requiring both the binding of Ca2+ to troponin C (TnC) and the binding of myosin crossbridges to actin. The aim of this study was to assess the role of TnC domains in the crossbridge-mediated activation of rabbit skeletal muscle myofibrils in the absence of Ca2+. Activation of myofibrillar ATPase was produced by addition of varying concentrations of myosin S1 modified by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM-S1), which facilitates crossbridge cycling by forcing tropomyosin into the open position on the filament. Comparisons were made of native myofibrils, myofibrils from which TnC was extracted, and myofibrils reconstituted with either a TnC mutant (TnC48-82) in which Ca2+ activation was blocked by a disulfide bond in the N-terminal domain (Grabarek, et al, Nature, 345:132,1990) or a proteolytic fragment of TnC (TR2C) lacking the N-terminal Ca2+- binding domain (Grabarek, et al, J. Biol. Chem. 265:13121, 1981). The ATPase activity of native myofibrils was increased ∼170% by the addition of NEM-S1 (2-4μM). Following extraction of TnC the addition of the same concentrations of NEM-S1 produced ∼60% activation. In both cases higher concentrations of NEM-S1 produced no further increase in activation. With the addition of either TnC48-82 or TR2C the degree of activation was higher (70-100%), but required higher NEM-S1 concentrations (4-8μM). These results suggest that both domains of TnC play a role in facilitating optimal crossbridge-mediated activation of the thin filament, presumably by providing alternative binding sites for troponin I.
MR imaging of microcirculation in rat brain: Correlation with carbon dioxide-induced changes in blood flow

Considerable interest has been shown in developing a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique with quantitative capability in the evaluation of tissue microcirculation ("perfusion"). In the present study, the flow-dephased/flow-compensated (FD/FC) technique is evaluated for measuring rat cerebral blood flow (CBF) under nearly optimal laboratory conditions. Imaging was performed on a 2.0-T system equipped with shielded gradient coils. Rat CBF was varied by manipulating arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2). In parallel experiments, optimized MR imaging studies (seven rats) were compared with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) studies (nine rats). LDF values showed a high degree of correlation between CBF and PaCO2, agreeing with results in the literature. MR imaging values, while correlating with PaCO2, showed considerable scatter. The most likely explanation is unavoidable rat motion during the requisite long imaging times. Because of this motion sensitivity, the FD/FC technique cannot provide a quantitative measure of CBF. It can, however, provide a qualitative picture.
Seasonal Adult Cabbage Maggot Populations in the Field in Relation to Thermal-Unit Accumulations

Cone screen traps baited with cruciferous material were used in conjunction with thermal-unit accumulations to distinguish generations of Hylemya brassicae (Bouche), adults in the field. The emergence pattern from overwintering puparia was reflected in succeeding generations. In 5 years, the air thermal-unit accumulations (day-degrees) for the spring emergence of flies varied from 290 to 365 (with a developmental zero of 43°F) depending on weather and soil variations. Later generations required a mean accumulation of 1176 thermal units. Using this information, it is estimated that predictions of cabbage maggot adult emergences could be made as an aid to the timing of foliar sprays.
Paul’s Use of the Old Testament in Romans

Two of Krister Stendahl’s major scholarly interests were the use of the Old Testament in the New Testament and Pauline theology. In his doctoral dissertation on The School of St. Matthew, Krister was one of the first biblical scholars to use the newly discovered Dead Sea scrolls as a help toward clarifying how some early Christians interpreted the Old Testament. And, of course, this conference is devoted to assessing and celebrating his contributions to Pauline scholarship and carrying forward the new perspectives on Paul that his work has brought to the biblical field. Against this background, I want to discuss Paul’s use of the Old Testament, with reference especially to the letter to the Romans.
An Extension of the Coordinate Transformation Method for Open-Loop Nash Equilibria

In Leitmann (Ref. 1), a coordinate transformation method was introduced to obtain global solutions for free problems in the calculus of variations. This direct method was extended and broadened in Carlson (Ref. 2) and later in Leitmann (Ref. 3). The applicability of the original work of Leitmann (Ref. 1) was further developed in Dockner and Leitmann (Ref. 4) to include the class of open-loop dynamic games. In the present work, we improve the results of Ref. 4 in two directions. First, we enlarge the class of open-loop dynamic games to permit coupling among the dynamic equations via the states of the players; second, we incorporate the modifications given in Refs. 2 and 3. Our results greatly increase the applicability of this method. An example arising from the harvesting of a renewable resource is presented to illustrate the utility of our results.