cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable power management for monolithic CMOS-on-Photovoltaic under partial and complete shading

The Photovoltaic (PV) cells of a module can be made to operate in various load and lighting condition by using switches to connect in series or parallel for various load requirements in the field, such as high voltage and low current versus high current and low voltage. Compared to having external switches monolithic CMOS-on-PV cells improves the module efficiency by providing better reliability and lifetime. In this paper, a partial and complete shading detection algorithm is presented. Also, a model for calculating the output current and voltage equation for the monolithic CMOS-on-PV cell is presented.
On A Real-valued EVD Approach to Cyclic DOA Estimation

By exploiting the real-valued eigen decomposition (EVD) of the centro-Hermitian matrix, a novel cyclic MUSIC algorithm with signal selective property is presented by introducing a new forward backward smoothed covariance matrix. Compared with cyclic MUSIC algorithm, the proposed approach has a better performance in the presence of multipath propagation. In addition, this approach not only reduces the computational complexity, but also allows to select desired signals and to ignore interferences by exploiting the cyclostationarity property of signals of interest (SOIs). Simulation results that illustrate the performance of this approach in conjunction with cyclic MUSIC algorithm are described
The dynamics of nongame bird breeding ecology in Iowa alfalfa fields

SECTION I. EFFECTS OF MOWING ON BREEDING BIRD ABUNDANCE AND SPECIES COMPOSITION IN ALFALFA FIELDS
Developing Novel Machine Learning Algorithms to Improve Sedentary Assessment for Youth Health Enhancement

Sedentary behavior of youth is an important determinant of health. However, better measures are needed to improve understanding of this relationship and the mechanisms at play, as well as to evaluate health promotion interventions. Wearable accelerometers are considered as the standard for assessing physical activity in research, but do not perform well for assessing posture (i.e., sitting vs. standing), a critical component of sedentary behavior. The machine learning algorithms that we propose for assessing sedentary behavior will allow us to re-examine existing accelerometer data to better understand the association between sedentary time and health in various populations. We collected two datasets, a laboratory-controlled dataset and a free-living dataset. We trained machine learning classifiers separately on each dataset and compared performance across datasets. The classifiers predict five postures: sit, stand, sit-stand, stand-sit, and stand\walk. We compared a manually constructed Hidden Markov model (HMM) with an automated HMM from existing software. The manually constructed HMM gave more F1-Macro score on both datasets.
Improved Clinical Outcome and ADAMTS13 Activity after Concurrent Cyclosporine and Plasma Exchange in TTP.

We previously reported that concurrent cyclosporine and plasma exchange(CSA/PE) is superior to corticosteroids and PE for acute TTP in terms of a decreased exacerbation rate (0% v. 47%) after stopping PE.(ASH 2005,Abstract# 1235) We now present similar data and serial analysis of ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitor concentration from two patient cohorts treated with CSA/PE. Patients : Ten patients failing initial therapy with corticosteroids and PE (exacerbations or refractory) were treated with CSA/PE. This study led to a second cohort study of upfront therapy with CSA/PE in 11 patients with acute TTP. Methods : CSA (2–3 mg/kg) orally was administered concurrent with daily PE. After remission (normal platelet count and LDH), 2 additional exchanges were performed on an every other day schedule. CSA was administered for 6 months and discontinued. Results : In the exacerbation/refractory patients, 9/10 achieved remission after a median of 11 exchanges. One patient suffered an exacerbation and required one additional exchange to achieve a sustained (>30 d.) remission. Four patients relapsed 2,3,7, and 10 months after completing 6 months of CSA. In the CSA/PE upfront group, 10/11 achieved remission. One patient died of infectious and disease-related complications. Remission occurred after a median of 5 exchanges. No patients(0/10) suffered an exacerbation. Three patients recurred, 2 while taking CSA and one 2 weeks after stopping CSA. Median ADAMTS13 activity and the change in inhibitor concentration over time for all CSA/PE patients is shown in Figure 1. Conclusions : CSA/PE improves clinical outcome and prevents exacerbations after tapering PE. CSA/PE also increased in vitro ADAMTS13 activity and suppressed the inhibitor, with both occurring well after the last PE. These findings coupled with the decline in median ADAMT13 activity after discontinuing CSA(Fig. 2) suggest the improvement in ADAMTS13 activity was a result of CSA therapy.
"Affective networks, informal ties, and the limits of expatriate effectiveness"

Expatriate effectiveness research has so far rarely taken into account the influence of social networks on expatriate performance and adjustment. Likewise, antecedents of social networks remain poorly understood. We fill this research gap by exploring the situation of expatriates in South Korea. Based on expert interview data, we have discovered seven antecedents critical to expatriate effectiveness. Most antecedents hinder expatriate effectiveness due to the expatriates’ inability to become a part of so-called Yongo networks, a distinctive type of social tie in South Korea that is to a great extent determined by birth. As a consequence, it is in particular expatriates’ relational performance and interaction adjustment that is negatively influenced by Yongo. Based on the South Korean case, this study advises future research to more deeply study the nature and characteristics of the local social context, in particular affective ties, and extend research on expatriate effectiveness in this important dimensi...
Prolonged analgesia with liposomal bupivacaine in a mouse model

Background and Objectives Currently available local anesthetics have relatively limited duration of action and some may cause severe systemic toxicity. An ultralong lasting local anesthetic would be useful to produce prolonged intraoperative anesthesia and extended postoperative analgesia. The goal of this study was to synthesize a sustained release local anesthetic formulation that would produce prolonged sensory block and decrease the possibility of systemic toxicity. Methods The effect of liposomes containing 1.1% bupivacaine on duration of sensory block of the mouse tail was compared with equivalent concentrations of bupivacaine with and without epinephrine. Analgesia was assessed using the tail flick test. Systemic toxicity (LD50) was assessed after intraperitoneal injection and in vitro release rates were compared by dialysis technique for liposomal and plain bupivacaine. Results Sensory block was significantly prolonged with liposomal bupivacaine (130 ± 38 minutes) compared to plain bupivacaine (46 ± 11 minutes, P Conclusions This study shows that liposomal encapsulation of bupivacaine significantly prolongs duration of action and greatly decreases systemic toxicity of the drug. These findings may be promising for the future production of formulations of ultralong lasting local anesthetics with enhanced efficacy and safety.
Chapter Four - Using Multidimensional Encoding and Retrieval Contexts to Enhance Our Understanding of Stochastic Dependence in Source Memory

Abstract In this chapter, we review and interpret research on multidimensional source memory paradigms. We focus in particular on research in which two source dimensions (e.g., color and location of a word stimulus), or features, or context attributes, are encoded and subsequently retrieved. We cover some of the basic empirical outcomes of interest, notably the finding of stochastic dependence among retrieval of source dimensions. Such dependence implies that retrieval of one source dimension is related to the retrievability of the other source dimension. Many research papers have established that stochastic dependence is supported by encoding factors that help bind items to context, and perhaps even context to context. Yet the finding of, and degree of, stochastic dependence at retrieval does not always relate predictably to other manipulations, such as when people are focused on one or the other source dimension in an encoding phase. Moreover, other theoretical proposals target retrieval processes, apart from encoding processes, as producing such dependence. Research that has included retrieval manipulations, such as external cuing of source dimensions at test, suggests that retrieval-specific causes of stochastic dependence have not been established. We also discuss other paradigms that are relevant to the retrieval of multiple object features and whether their retrieval is dependent or independent of one another. Mixed evidence results from this work, with some arguing for relative independence of object features, but others arguing for strong associative relationships among elements that predict somewhat all-or-none retrieval of items and their contexts or features (i.e., dependence). We attempt to integrate these various research paradigms and draw some broad, albeit tentative, conclusions about this collective work. We also suggest areas of research that should be considered as future work in multidimensional source memory.
Race and Racialized Experiences in Childish Gambino's “This is America”

“This is America” is a powerful representation of race in the United States.1 In this widely viewed music video, Childish Gambino (Donald Glover) explores gun violence, black oppression, joy and pa...
Predictors of pneumonitis-free survival following lung stereotactic body radiation therapy

Background Radiation pneumonitis is a common toxicity following lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We explored whether motion management technique, in conjunction with patient and treatment characteristics, is a predictor of radiation pneumonitis-free survival (PNFS). Methods A single institution multi-center lung SBRT database was retrospectively reviewed. PNFS was defined as time to earliest onset of radiation pneumonitis or last clinical follow-up. Patients were simulated using a 4-dimensional approach, and those with 1 cm or greater tumor motion were selected for respiratory-gated treatment. Real-time Position Management and phase-based gating were employed. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were fit for relevant covariates to determine the impact of free-breathing versus respiratory-gated treatment on PNFS. Results The initial treatment courses of 208 patients were included, with a median follow-up length of 23 months. The median age at treatment was 71 years. About 91.8% of patient had early stage (T1-2) non-small cell lung cancer and were treated with common regimens including 10 Gy ×5, 12 Gy ×4 and 18 Gy ×3; 26.4% underwent respiratory-gated SBRT. The overall rate of grade 3 or higher radiation pneumonitis was 10.1%. PNFS was not significantly different between patients treated with respiratory-gated versus free-breathing SBRT (HR =0.88; P=0.707); tumor location and fractionation were predictors of PNFS in the multivariate setting. Conclusions The method of motion management does not appear to impact PNFS when the tolerance for tumor displacement is 1 cm or less for free-breathing treatment planning and delivery. This approach may be appropriate when selecting patients for respiratory gating.
Recent advances in computational studies of GPCR-G protein interactions

Protein-protein interactions are key in cellular signaling. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest superfamily of human membrane proteins, are able to transduce extracellular signals (e.g., hormones and neurotransmitters) to intracellular proteins, in particular the G proteins. Since GPCRs serve as primary targets of ~1/3 of currently marketed drugs, it is important to understand mechanisms of GPCR signaling in order to design selective and potent drug molecules. This chapter focuses on recent advances in computational studies of the GPCR-G protein interactions using bioinformatics, protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches.
The interplay of extracellular polymeric substances and oil/Corexit to affect the petroleum incorporation into sinking marine oil snow in four mesocosms.

Abstract Large amounts of oil containing mucous-like marine snow formed in surface waters adjacent to the Deepwater Horizon spill that was implicated in oil delivery to the seafloor. However, whether chemical dispersants that were used increased or decreased the oil incorporation and sedimentation efficiency, and how exopolymeric substances (EPS) are involved in this process remains unresolved. To investigate the microbial responses to oil and dispersants in different oceanic settings, indicated by EPS production, petro- and non-petro carbon sedimentation, four mesocosm (M) experiments were conducted: 1) nearshore seawater with a natural microbial consortia (M2); 2) offshore seawater with f/20 nutrients (M3); 3) coastal seawater with f/20 nutrients (M4); 4) nearshore seawater with a natural microbial consortia for a longer duration (M5). Four treatments were conducted in M2, M3 and M4 whereas only three in M5: 1) a water accommodated fraction of oil (WAF), 2) a chemically-enhanced WAF prepared with Corexit (CEWAF, not in M5), 3) a 10-fold diluted CEWAF (DCEWAF); and 4) controls. Overall, oil and dispersants input, nutrient and microbial biomass addition enhanced EPS production. Dispersant addition tended to induce the production of EPS with higher protein/carbohydrate (P/C) ratios, irrespective of oceanic regions. EPS produced in M4 was generally more hydrophobic than that produced in M3. The P/C ratio of EPS in both the aggregate and the colloidal fraction was a key factor that regulated oil contribution to sinking aggregates, based on the close correlation with %petro-carbon in these fractions. In the short term (4–5 days), both the petro and non-petro carbon sedimentation efficiencies showed decreasing trends when oil/dispersants were present. In comparison, in the longer-term (16 days), petro-carbon sedimentation efficiency was less influenced by dispersants, possibly due to biological and physicochemical changes of the components of the oil-EPS-mineral phase system, which cooperatively controlled the sinking velocities of the aggregates.
TEX264 is a major receptor for mammalian reticulophagy.

ABSTRACTThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of cellular protein and calcium homeostasis, as well as lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells. Reticulophagy is the selective clearance and deg...
Listening in: the importance of vibratory courtship signals for male eavesdropping in the wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata

Multimodal courtship signals may compensate for environmental interference or loss of signals in some sensory modes but may also increase detection by eavesdroppers. Studies on the wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) have demonstrated that males eavesdrop on visual courtship cues of other males and subsequently initiate courtship. Since S. ocreata males use multimodal courtship signals, we examined responses of males to playback of signals in different sensory modes (visual, vibration, multimodal) to test their relative importance for eavesdropping on courting male rivals. We used a recently developed technique to present male wolf spiders with video and/or vibratory stimuli: (1) a multimodal courting male stimulus, with synchronous visual and vibratory cues; (2) a visual-only courting male stimulus (minus the vibratory cues); (3) vibratory cues only (minus the visual cues); and (4) a control (visual background, no courtship). In single-presentation (no-choice) tests, males displayed more courtship bouts and longer durations of courtship bouts to the vibratory stimulus compared with either the visual or multimodal stimuli. However, in two-choice tests where isolated vibratory cues were paired against visual or multimodal stimuli, test males responded with more courtship bouts and longer durations of courtship bouts to the multimodal and visual stimuli. Results of these experiments suggest that male wolf spiders may vary eavesdropping courtship behaviors to compensate for missing sensory information concerning the location and other distinguishing characteristics of the rival male and the whereabouts of the female. Social eavesdropping is used to exploit information in signals of conspecifics, e.g., as a means of mate competition. Studies on Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders have shown that males eavesdrop on visual courtship displays of other males and subsequently initiate multimodal courtship. We used video/vibration playback to examine responses of males to signals in different sensory modes (visual, vibration, both) and determine their relative importance for eavesdropping on courting male rivals. Results suggest that depending on sensory modes of their rivals’ signals, males may vary their own courtship displays to compensate for missing information. For example, when signals are presented individually, eavesdropping male response patterns are distinctly different from when presented a choice between modes. Males show more displays with isolated vibratory signals, but given a choice, males more often increase their tapping when multimodal cues were present. Ultimately, eavesdroppers that adjust behaviors in response to available sensory cues would be able to “level the playing field” with rivals and potentially increase the probability of gaining attention of females.
Success and Failure in the "Land of Opportunities": How Social Class Informs Educational Attitudes among Newcomer Immigrants and Refugees.

Despite the wide-ranging scholarship on the educational attitudes held by native-born members of the middle and working class, few researchers have examined the impact of class on the attitudes of ...
Mean Cordial Labeling For Three Star Graph

If , the three star graph is a mean cordial graph for ; if and only if is proved in this paper. 2010 AMS SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION—05C78.
Sporadic coronavirus lower respiratory tract infection in adults: chest CT imaging features and comparison with other viruses

Coronavirus(CoV) has been associated with lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI) in adults worldwide. The CoV associated with Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrone and Middle East Respiratory Syndrone typically cause ground-glass opacities(GGO) and/or consolidation on chest CT. Chest CT features of sporadic CoV(subtypes: HKU1, NL63, OC43, 229E) have not been characterizedc. Our aims were to characterize chest CT features of sporadic CoV and compare these findings with those from other viruses. We retrospectively reviewed the records and chest CT images of 61 adults over 32 months at 4 community hospitals in the northeast US. CT images were reviewed by an experienced thoracic radiologist. Study subjects satisfied 4 criteria: 1) symptoms of acute LRTI, 2) positive polymerase chain reaction assay for CoV, 3)CT within 7 days of positive assay for CoV, 4)no other pulmonary infection or other pulmonary disease that might interfere with CT interpretation. We compared the chest CT features of sporadic CoV with those we previously reported for adenovirus, influenza, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) and respiratory syncytial virus. On review of CoV cases, 11(18%) had bronchial wall thickening, 15(25%) had GGO, 12(20%) had lung consolidation and 13(21%) had tree-in-bud opacities. Twenty-eight(46%) had no chest CT findings related to acute infection. Sporadic CoV was similar to influenza but different from PIV (p
Primary intraventricular hemorrhage outcomes in the CLEAR III trial.

BackgroundIntraventricular hemorrhage occurs due to intracerebral hemorrhage with intraventricular extension or without apparent parenchymal involvement, known as primary intraventricular hemorrhag...
Weight loss before total joint arthroplasty using a remote dietitian and mobile app: study protocol for a multicenter randomized, controlled trial.

The months prior to elective surgery may present an opportunity for patients to initiate behavior changes that will simultaneously ready them for surgery and improve their overall health status. An upcoming elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) may serve as motivation for patients with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI]> 40 kg/m2) to lose weight, as it may optimize clinical outcomes following TJA and help them become eligible for TJA since some surgeons use a BMI of 40 kg/m2 as a cut-off for offering surgery in an effort to optimize outcomes. The purpose of this multicenter randomized, controlled trial is to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a 12-week remote dietitian (RD) supervised dietary and physical activity weight loss intervention and mobile app for 60 patients with severe obesity prior to undergoing TJA. Intervention participants will receive access to a smartphone app and connect with an RD who will contact these participants weekly or bi-weekly via video calls for up to nine video calls. Together, participants and RDs will set goals for lifestyle modifications, and RDs will check on progress towards achieving these goals using in-app tools such as food logs and text messages between video calls. All patients will be encouraged to lose at least 20 pounds with a goal BMI < 40 kg/m2 after 12 weeks. Individuals randomized to the control group will receive clinical standard of care, such as nutritionist and/or physical therapy referrals. Outcome and demographic data will be collected from blood serology, chart review, mobile app user data, pre- and postintervention surveys, and phone interviews. The primary outcome measure will be weight change from baseline. Secondary outcome measures will include percentage of patients eligible to undergo TJA, number of sessions completed with dietitians, self-reported global health status (PROMIS Global Health scale), self-reported joint-specific pain and function (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) or Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)), and serologies such as hemoglobin A1c, total lymphocyte count, albumin, and transferrin. Qualitative responses transcribed from phone interviews about the intervention will also be analyzed. This will be the first study to assess pre-operative weight loss in patients with severe obesity anticipating orthopaedic surgery using an RD and mobile app intervention aimed at helping patients become eligible for TJA. Registered on 1 April 2020 at Clincialtrials.gov. Trial number is NCT04330391 .
Opioid exposure associated with poppy consumption reported to poison control centers and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

To assess characteristics of exposures to contaminated poppy and identify trends in exposure and poppy-related deaths.Cross-sectional analysis of adverse events associated with exposure to poppy pr...
Political, Social, and Cultural Upheavals in the COVID-19 Era in Latin America

Introduction to the MARLAS special issue on the COVID-19 in Latin America, with table of contents Introduccion al numero especial de MARLAS sobre el COVID-19 en Latinoamerica, con la tabla de contenido
The dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant blocks the sleep-disrupting and daytime stimulant effects of methamphetamine in rhesus monkeys.

Abstract Background The present study investigated the effects of the dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) almorexant, a sleep-modulating drug, on the sleep-disrupting effects of methamphetamine in adult rhesus monkeys. Methods Monkeys were fitted with primate collars to which actigraphy monitors were attached. To determine the effects of methamphetamine on daytime activity and sleep-like parameters, monkeys were given acute injections of vehicle or methamphetamine (0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg, i.m.) in the morning (9:00 h) (n = 4 males). We then determined the ability of almorexant to alter the daytime and/or sleep-like effects of the largest (effective) dose of methamphetamine. Vehicle or almorexant (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg, i.m.) were administered in the evening (16:30 h, 1.5 h before “lights off”) following morning (9:00 h) administration of methamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, i.m.), or as a pretreatment (8:30 h) before methamphetamine injections (9:00 h) (n = 4 males). The ability of almorexant (10 mg/kg) to improve sleep-like behaviors also was assessed in a group of monkeys quantitatively identified with short-duration sleep (n = 2 males, 2 females). Results Morning methamphetamine administration dose-dependently impaired sleep in rhesus monkeys (0.3 mg/kg significantly increased sleep latency and decreased sleep efficiency). Administration of almorexant, both as a pretreatment or as an evening treatment, improved methamphetamine-induced sleep impairment in a dose dependent manner. Morning pretreatment with almorexant also blocked the daytime stimulant effects of methamphetamine. Evening, but not morning, treatment with almorexant in a group of monkeys with baseline short-duration sleep improved sleep measures. Conclusions Our findings indicate that orexin receptor systems are involved in methamphetamine-induced hyperarousal and sleep disruption.
Kristin Demetrious, Public Relations, Activism, and Social Change: Speaking Up

Kristin Demetrious’ book Public Relations, Activism, and Social Change: Speaking Up is a significant contribution to the small but growing critical communication literature on public relations. To date, most of this scholarship has focused primarily on exposing what PR historian Scott Cutlip (1994) described as the “unseen power” of PR because PR has long operated on the premise that the most effective PR is invisible PR.
Formulation, Toxicology and Regulation: Future Thrusts for Development of Semiochemicals in Insect Pest Control

The panel agreed on the potential importance of semiochemicals in methods of insect control that provide a safe and environmentally acceptable supplement or alternative to conventional insecticides. Behavior-modifying chemicals such as pheromones, provide insectistastis without insecticidal action. They should be distinguished from insecticides, and suitable terminology should be adopted.
Proposed specification for impression material; synthetic rubber base, dental

This proposed specification is based to a large extent on data reported in a paper by the same authors.1 Test procedures for permanent deformation and strain are modifications o f procedures described in Federal Specification U-I-496a for Im­ pression Material, Hydrocolloidal, Agar Type, Dental; Federal Specification U -I498 for Impression Material, Hydrocol­ loidal, Alginate Type, Dental; and Amer­ ican Dental Association Specification No. 11 for Hydrocolloidal Impression Mate­ rial, Agar Type. Two types of material, silicone base and polysulfide base, are covered in the specification. Although all requirements with the exception of composition are identical for both types, mixing and handling characteristics do differ and the type to be obtained is left to the choice of the purchaser. Determinations of permanent deforma­ tion and strain at 8 to 10 minutes after the material is mixed serve indirectly as requirements that the material set within this period. A requirement for dimen­ sional stability is included since these materials have been recommended for procedures where a considerable delay may occur between making the impres­ sion and pouring the cast. 1. SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION
Multilevel 3D patterning of stacked PMMA sheets for x-ray microlithography

This paper presents a novel technique for fabricating 3D patterns in a thick layered resist and describes an alignment aide designed for the specific application of thick resist x-ray micromachining. In this technique, a PMMA layer of desired thickness is formed on a substrate by spinning or solvent bonding. The layer is exposed with X- rays to generate a latent image. A second layer of PMMA is bonded over the first layer and is exposed with an appropriate mask, generating a latent image in the second layer. This process can be repeated several times creating a 3D latent image. Simultaneous development forms a true 3D pattern in the PMMA resist.
Tearing mode structure in the DIII-D tokamak through spectrally filtered fast visible bremsstrahlung imaging

Time evolved measurements of the detailed 2D poloidal structure of rotating tearing modes in the DIII-D tokamak are obtained for the first time using spectrally filtered fast imaging of broadband visible bremsstrahlung emission (NB). Measurements are made along 256 × 256 different sightlines and show excellent agreement with simulations assuming a rotating helical m/n = 2/1 island structure superimposed on the equilibrium NB profile. The method described here is capable of imaging with high resolution the structure of coherent oscillations in the core of current and next-step fusion plasma experiments such as ITER and can be applied to virtually any mode with a finite perturbed NB and frequency in the laboratory frame provided sufficient signal level and detector bandwidth are available.
Medical malpractice and sinonasal disease.

OBJECTIVE: Sinonasal disease is a common diagnosis that is encountered by nearly all specialties. This study examines medical malpractice trends in sinonasal disease. METHODS: One hundred fifty-two malpractice cases involving sinonasal disease between 1988 and 2005 were obtained from a computerized legal database. RESULTS: Defendants prevailed in 62 percent of the cases with a median monetary award of $650,000. Younger patients prevailed at a higher rate than did older patients (50% vs 35%), and men had a higher median award than did women ($1.0 million vs $314,000). These results approached but did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.09, P = 0.06). Otolaryngologists were the most commonly sued specialty (56%). The most common complications of endoscopic sinus surgery included cerebrospinal fluid leak, orbital trauma, and anosmia. Cancer plaintiffs received the highest median award of $1.5 million. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians must be diligent in forming differential diagnoses, and surgeons must ensure informed consent is obtained and documented. Future studies should continue to identify risk management strategies and areas for malpractice reform.
Instruction set mapping for performance optimization

Performance optimization is the primary design goal in most digital signal processing (DSP) and numerically intensive applications. The problem of mapping high-level algorithmic descriptions for these applications to specialized instruction sets has only recently begun to receive attention. In fact, the problem of optimizing performance has yet to be addressed directly. This paper introduces a new approach to instruction set mapping (and template matching in general) targeted toward performance optimization. Several novel issues are addressed including partial matching and automatic clock selection.
Chemotherapy induced Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Chemotherapy has been linked with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Most of the literature on chemotherapy associated Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is on the drug 5-fluorouracil. In this report, we describe the case of a 55-year-old Asian male who developed Takotsubo cardiomyopathy while receiving dual chemotherapy with cytarabine and daunorubicin for acute myeloid leukemia. To our knowledge, it is the first case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with daunorubicin and/or cytarabine.
Absorption and distribution of radio-tungstate in bone and soft tissues

Abstract 1. 1. W 185 O 4″ is widely distributed throughout the tissues and organs of the mouse. It is rapidly metabolized by the principal tissues with the exception of bone. 2. 2. W 185 O 4″ is rapidly eliminated via the feces shortly after administration.
The Art Market, Arts Funding, and Sweat Equity The Origins of Gentrified Retail

While significant scholarly attention has been paid to retail in gentrified neighborhoods, the origins of this specific form of urban commerce are less clear. The history of New York’s SoHo neighborhood provides a way to explain how and why art galleries, boutiques, and restaurants have come to define the retail landscape of gentrification. It also can help scholars answer two important questions about the arts and city life: how do artists and art galleries spark retail growth? Furthermore, outside of the economic activity created by the sale of art, how do they inspire economic development and gentrification? In the case of SoHo, the art market, government arts funding, and the sweat equity of artists were of central importance in drawing visitors into the neighborhood. These artistic tourists eventually became the customer base for area retail, shaping its distinctive commercial landscape.
Duals for Classical Inventory Models via Generalized Geometric Programming

Inventory problems generally have a structure that can be exploited for computational purposes. Here, we look at the duals of two seemingly unrelated inventory models that suggest an interesting duality between discrete time optimal control and optimization over an ordered sequence of variables. Concepts from conjugate duality and generalized geometric programming are used to establish the duality.
K-41 optimised approximate deconvolution models

Average the Navier Stokes equations, with a local, spatial convolution type filter. The result system is not closed due to __ The result system is not closed due to uu. Let D be a bounded linear operator which satisfies u = D(k) + O(δα) where δ is the filter width and ± e 2. Using D as an approximate filter inverse yields the closure ___._________ uu = D(k)D(k)+O(δα) The residual stress of this model (and related models) depends directly on the deconvolution error u D(k). We find deconvolution parameters that minimise the deconvolution error for homogeneous, isotropic turbulence. This work addresses: How to adapt deconvolution to homogeneous, isotropic turbulent flows? and What is the increase in accuracy?
Classification of birds and bats using flight tracks

Abstract Classification of birds and bats that use areas targeted for offshore wind farm development is essential to evaluating the potential effects of development. The current approach to assessing the number and distribution of birds at sea is transect-surveys conducted by trained individuals in boats or planes, or analysis of imagery collected from aerial surveys. These methods can be costly and pose safety concerns so that observation times are limited to daylight hours and fair weather. We propose an alternative method based on analysis of thermal video that could be recorded autonomously. We present a framework for building models to classify birds and bats and their associated behaviors from their flight tracks. As an example, we developed a discriminant model for theoretical flight paths and applied it to data ( N = 64 tracks) extracted from 5-minute video clips. The agreement between model- and observer-classified path types was initially only 41%, but it increased to 73% when small-scale jitter was censored and the number of different path types was reduced. Classification of 46 tracks of bats, swallows, gulls, and terns on average was 82% accurate, based on a jackknife cross-validation. Model classification of gulls and swallows ( N ≥ 18) was on average 73% and 85% correct, respectively. Model classification of bats and terns ( N = 4 and 2, respectively) was 94% and 91% correct, respectively; however, the variance associated with the tracks from these targets is poorly estimated. The models developed here should be considered preliminary because they are based on a small data set both in terms of the numbers of species and the identified flight tracks. Future classification models could be improved if the distance between the camera and the target was known.
Regional Anesthesia Approaches to Pain Management in Pediatric Palliative Care: A Review of Current Knowledge

Abstract Context Although systemic analgesic therapies are the mainstay of pain treatment in pediatric palliative care, there are cases where they fail to adequately relieve symptoms or produce side effects that undermine effectiveness. Regional anesthesia may be considered as a potential therapy for these patients. Objectives To review the literature on regional techniques in pediatric patients with life-limiting and chronic conditions, including pain from tumor infiltration, chest pain in advanced pulmonary disease, chronic abdominal pain, phantom limb pain, and spasticity and dystonia. Where relevant, the authors' clinical experiences are included. Methods References were identified by searches of PubMed from 1980 until June 2012 with related terms. Results Case reports and case series were identified for each condition. Regional anesthesia techniques performed included central neuraxial infusions, peripheral nerve and plexus blocks or infusions, neurolytic blocks, and implanted intrathecal ports and pumps for baclofen, opioids, local anesthetics, and other adjuvants. The reports described positive contributions to the management of moderate-to-severe pain. Clinical context for these techniques frequently included the failure of systemic treatments and/or intolerable medication side effects. Complications varied according to the procedure and the underlying patient pathology; however, these risks were often acceptable when the potential benefits were consistent with the overall goals of care. Conclusion The present medical literature on regional anesthesia techniques in children receiving palliative care is limited to case reports and case series. Based on this evidence, recommendations must be provisional. Careful thought and discussion with pain management specialists are encouraged when pain symptoms are inadequately managed or the treatments produce deleterious side effects.
Induced and constitutive heat shock protein expression in the olfactory system--a review, new findings, and some perspectives.

Heat shock, or stress, proteins (HSPs) are cellular proteins induced in response to conditions that cause protein denaturation, and their induction is essential for survival of such conditions. In the olfactory system we have found intense HSP expression occurs during normal processing of environmental odorants/inhalants as well as following hyperthermia and drug exposure. The HSPs involved include ubiquitin, HSP70, HSC70, and HSP25. Responses are both cell type- and stress-specific, occurring primarily in olfactory supporting cells and to some extent in Bowman’s gland acinar cells. Responses to these stresses are not seen in olfactory sensory neurons. This article reviews those studies and the significance of their findings. It also discusses a distinct subpopulation of rat olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), the 2A4(+)OSNs, found to be constitutively reactive with HSP70, the predominantly stress-inducible isoform of the 70 kD HSP family. Their high HSP70 expression appears to confer on the 2A4(+)OSNs an enhanced ability to survive damage-induced OSN turnover. New findings are also presented on HSP25-specific changes following olfactory bulbectomy. All data are discussed in the context of the overall olfactory and bioprotective functions of the olfactory mucosa.
OBLIQUELY STRIATED MUSCLE: III. Contraction Mechanism of Ascaris Body Muscle

Segments of the obliquely striated body muscle of Ascaris were fixed at minimum body length after treatment with acetylcholine and at maximum body length after treatment with piperazine citrate and then studied by light and electron microscopy. Evidence was found for two mechanisms of length change: sliding of thin filaments with respect to thick filaments such as occurs in cross-striated muscle, and shearing of thick filaments with respect to each other such that the degree of their stagger increases with extension and decreases with shortening. The shearing mechanism could account for great extensibility in this muscle and in nonstriated muscles in general and could underlie other manifestations of "plasticity" as well. In addition, it is suggested that the contractile apparatus is attached to the endomysium in such a way that the sarcomeres can act either in series, as in cross-striated muscle, or individually. Since the sarcomeres are virtually longitudinal in orientation and are almost coextensive with the muscle fiber, it would, therefore, be possible for a single sarcomere contracting independently to develop tension effectively between widely separated points on the fiber surface, thus permitting very efficient maintenance of isometric tension.
K-13 and of4949: Evaluation of key partial structures and pharmacophore delineation

Abstract The angiotensin I converting enzyme and aminopeptidase B inhibitory properties of key analogs K-13 and OF4949, constituting key partial structures of the natural products, are detailed in studies to define the essential pharmacophores.
Biochemical and physiological changes in the blood of dominant and subordinate CF-1 male mice, Mus musculus

Abstract 1. 1. When two previously isolated male CF-1 mice are placed together, they will fight to establish a dominant-subordinate relationship. 2. 2. In response to this behaviorly stressful situation, various physiological and biochemical parameters in the mice are altered. 3. 3. When compared to dominants and controls, subordinates showed decreased hemoglobin concentration and bicarbonate levels, with a concomitant increase in hydrogen ion concentration, negative base excess and blood lactate levels. PCO 2 and PO 2 remained unchanged. 4. 4. No significant differences were observed in levels of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid in dominants, subordinates or controls. 5. 5. Subordinate individuals were anemic with persistent lactic acidemia reflecting the inability of the liver to catabolize excess lactate.
Frequency of aortic dilation in Noonan syndrome.

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations altering proteins relevant to RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction. Cardiac involvement is common, most prevalently pulmonary valve stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Because abnormal mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling contributes to the aortopathy in Marfan syndrome and with rare reports of aortic aneurysm in NS, we undertook a retrospective study of ascending aortic anatomy in 37 patients with NS and without confounding medical conditions. Age ranged from 0.6 to 32 years. Based on the most recent echocardiogram, the aortic annulus and root were dilated in the cohort (mean z scores of 1.14 and 0.98, respectively, p z scores of 0.05 and 0.19, respectively). The aortic root was aneurysmal (>2 z scores) in 8 subjects (21.6%). PTPN11 mutations were present in 14 subjects, whose aortic status was similar to the cohort overall. Comparison of age and z scores revealed a modest tendency for the aortic annulus and root to dilate over time. Among 13 subjects with multiple imaging studies over an average of 6.8 years, the average z score increased to 0.78 and 0.39 for the aortic annulus and root, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that age accounted for 7.0% and 11.0% of the variance in the aortic annular and root diameters, respectively. In conclusion, we found that aortic annular dilation and aortic root aneurysm are prevalent in NS, often presenting during childhood and progressing over time. Further study is needed to identify potential risks associated with these abnormalities.
The method of parameter estimation in holographic structural analysis

Abstract Holographic non-destructive testing (HNDT) techniques for structural analysis began in the 1960s. The first fringe patterns showed exciting information about the deformation of structures and other systems. The deformation was small and required minimal force to show interesting changes in the structure. The interest in using holographic techniques to perform structural analysis declined in the 1970s due to the inability to easily quantify the fringe information. The amount of time required to make one test, and the inability to really explain the response of the structure from the fringe information, also contributed to its decline. Interest revived in the 1980s with the advent of ‘TV’ holography. This brought CCD cameras, diode lasers and personal computers to the mainstream of holographic structural analysis. Automatic fringe analysis provided by these systems showed that information about the structure could be acquired in real-time and stored on video tape or storage disks. From these media the structure can be studied in detail. The industrial applications of HNDT have not grown at the rate expected by many, despite these many advancements. Fringes and fringe analysis alone do not provide information in a useful format for industry's growing and automated high technology needs. Inspection is becoming less important as Total Quality Control and other advanced manufacturing and management procedures replace the conventional ways of producing goods and service. New approaches to using HNDT techniques are needed. Additional improvements can also add to the attractiveness for industrial uses of HNDT. With the use of parameter estimation, this paper provides an alternative approach to using fringe information from existing systems. The goal is to provide industry with accurate results that describe, in quantifiable terms, the performance of the structure when varying loads are applied.
Vegetation patterns and dendroecology of a mixed hardwood forest on the Cumberland Plateau: Implications for stand development

Abstract Forest disturbance history reconstructions provide information on the processes that influenced forest composition and structural characteristics during stand development. In this study, we quantified species composition, stand structure, a composite Quercus tree-ring chronology, and radial growth patterns of individual Quercus trees to document the processes that shaped a mixed hardwood forest on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee. The forest was dominated by Carya ovata, Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, and Quercus montana. The sapling layer was sparse and dominated by Acer saccharum. Acer saccharum and Acer rubrum represented almost 69% of all seedlings. The majority of the canopy trees established in 1920s after the last anthropogenic clearing of the forest. The diameter structure of the stand revealed a reverse J-shaped distribution. Statistically significant relationships were documented between radial tree growth and precipitation during late summer and early fall of the previous year. However, both relationships were weak, indicating the forest was not responsive to regional-scale climate conditions. A total of 63 Quercus tree-ring series were analyzed for release events. In these series, 88 release events were detected from 53 individuals. With the exception of one stand-wide release episode in the early 1980s, the disturbance regime of the forest was characterized by asynchronous events that occurred at variable spatial and temporal scales. Small-scale disturbance events became abundant after ca. 40 years of forest development. Under the current disturbance regime, the successional trajectory of the forest is projected to shift from a Quercus–Carya dominated system to one with a much stronger Acer–Fagus component, especially A. saccharum. Stand structure is also projected to shift from a high density of small trees to a lower density of larger trees at wider spacings.