cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of [123I]IBZM SPECT measurement of amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release in humans.

Binding competition between endogenous dopamine (DA) and the D2 receptor radiotracer [123I]IBZM allows measurement of the change in synaptic DA following amphetamine challenge with SPECT in the living human brain. Previous investigations using this technique in healthy subjects have shown that the magnitude of amphetamine effect on [123I]IBZM binding potential (BP) is small (range between 5 to 15% decrease), and that a large between-subject variability in this effect is observed. Therefore, it was unclear how much of the apparent between-subject variability was due to a low signal-to-noise ratio in the measurement, vs. true between-subject differences in the magnitude of the response. The goals of this investigation were to test the within-subject reproducibility and reliability of amphetamine-induced decrease in [123I]IBZM BP with a test/retest paradigm, and to establish the presence or absence of tolerance or sensitization to single administration ofi.v. amphetamine. Six healthy male subjects, never previously exposed to psychostimulants, twice underwent measurement of striatal amphetamine-induced DA release (between-measurement interval 16 +/- 10 days) using SPECT and the [123I]IBZM constant infusion technique. Results demonstrated an excellent within-subject reproducibility of amphetamine-induced DA release: amphetamine-induced decreases in [123I]IBZM BP were significant on each day, and had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.89. Moreover, values from the second experiment were not significantly different from first experiment, suggesting the absence of either sensitization or tolerance to the effect of amphetamine on DA release in these experimental conditions. The subjective activation, as rated by the subjects on analog scales, was also highly reproducible. In conclusion, this scanning technique provides a reliable measurement of amphetamine-induced reduction of [123I]IBZM BP and enables detection of between-subject differences that appear stable over time.
The metabolism of exogenous cyclic AMP at low concentrations by thymic lymphocytes.

Abstract When isolated thymic lymphocytes were incubated with known mitotically stimulating concentrations (1.6 × 10−7 M and 1.6 × 10−6 M) of a mixture of cyclic AMP labeled with 32phosphorus and tritium, 0.5% of the phosphorus label and 3 to 6% of the tritium label entered the cells. None of the radioactivity from either isotope appearing in the cells was present as cyclic AMP. This difference between the entry of the two isotopes was explained by the observation that the cyclic AMP in the medium surrounding the cells was metabolized, and it was breakdown products of the cyclic nucleotide which entered the cells. It is concluded that cyclic AMP does not enter cells as such, and may exert its action on mitosis at the cell surface.
Somatic hybrids between Solanum brevidens and Solanum tuberosum: Expression of a late blight resistance gene and potato leaf roll resistance.

Hexaploid somatic hybrids resulting from mesophyll protoplast fusions between Solanum brevidens Phil., PI 218228, and Solanum tuberosum L., PI 203900 were tested for late blight resistance using two races of Phytophthora infestans Monte., de Bary. The S. tuberosum parent was a “late blight differential” possessing the R4 gene which confers resistance to race 0. The S. brevidens parent is resistant to potato leaf roll virus. Inoculations with both compatible (race 1.3.4.5) and incompatible (race 0) races of P. infestans clearly demonstrated the expression of the late blight resistance gene in all of the hybrid progeny tested. Most of the hybrids tested were also resistant to potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), indicating that the S. brevidens genes for PLRV resistance were present and expressed.
Similar anxiety-like responses in male and female rats exposed to repeated withdrawals from ethanol

Previous research indicated that male rats exhibited anxiety-like behavior following withdrawal from chronic ethanol exposure. This behavior, as well as other symptoms of withdrawal such as seizure susceptibility, may be sensitized in male rats repeatedly withdrawn from chronic ethanol exposure. Because there are sex differences in some alcohol effects, the present study explored whether male and female rats would respond differently to a course of repeated ethanol withdrawals. Similarly aged male and female rats were exposed to a control liquid diet or a diet containing ethanol (7% w/v). Ethanol-exposed rats had only one 5-day cycle of exposure or three cycles, with 2 days of control diet (CD) between cycles. At 5 h after the final ethanol was removed, the rats were placed as same-sexed pairs in the social interaction test; approximately half of the rats were tested later in the elevated plus maze. Rats withdrawn from ethanol after three cycles exhibited reduced the time spent in social interaction and general activity in the social interaction test and reduced the open and closed arm entries in the elevated plus maze. There were no sex differences in these effects. However, male rats exhibited a small anxiety-like response after one cycle of 5 days' exposure to ethanol and female rats did not. Thus, there are no sex differences in the three-cycle multiple-withdrawal paradigm, but there may be differences after briefer exposures.
Slimgraft: A Percutaneous Endovascular Graft System

PURPOSE To describe an in vitro feasibility trial of a new percutaneous endograft delivery technique. METHODS AND RESULTS A water flow model of 9-mm (inner diameter) transparent plastic tubing was used to test the feasibility of sequentially delivering the components of an endograft through a 7-F sheath for assembly in situ. The tubular endovascular graft was fabricated from a 10-mm x 68-mm Wallstent and 50-microm-thick Dacron graft. The graft material was formed into a tube, attached with a suture to a guidewire, and delivered into the plastic tubing. The Wallstent was then delivered through the tubular graft and deployed, affixing the graft to the plastic tube wall. In 4 trials, only 1 attempt was not successful. CONCLUSIONS These concepts and techniques may have implications in the development of percutaneously deliverable endovascular grafts.
Microplasma Discharge Ionization Source for Ambient Mass Spectrometry

In this paper, we demonstrate the first use of a microplasma ionization source for ambient mass spectrometry. This device is a robust, easy-to-operate microhollow discharge that enables ambient direct analysis of gaseous, liquid, and solid-phase samples with minimum requirements in terms of operating power and high purity gas consumption. The initial performance of the microplasma device has been evaluated by ionizing samples containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl salicylate, caffeine, l-leucine, l-histidine, loratadine, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, and cocaine in various forms. These molecules are diverse in nature, but almost all have relatively high proton affinities. Thus, the major species observed in all obtained mass spectra corresponded to protonated molecules. Though these microplasmas are known to produce significant densities of metastable species and electrons with mean energies greater than several electronvolt, minimal fragmentation was obser...
Theological Exegesis and Aquinas's Treatise ‘against the Greeks’

According to Pope Leo XIII, it could almost be said that Thomas Aquinas “presided” over the deliberations at Lyons (1274) and Florence (1438) when these councils confronted the Greek church.1 This judgment, which would be true at best and in part only for the later council, both enshrines and encourages a misreading of Thomas's short treatise Contra errores Graecorum. In fact, the Contra errores is neither as well informed nor as technically argued as other Latin polemics of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It is a treatise limited in form and argument, motivated by another, poorer treatise.
Molecular variation within and among species of Harpellales

Intra- and interspecific variation of the nu- clear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of 77 Smittium isolates and related genera was studied using RFLP. Due to the sequence and length varia- tion encountered, the ITS is unsuitable for compar- ison at the species level within Smittium, as presently delimited. Intra- and interspecific variation of 18S rDNA was also analyzed. Cladistic analysis of 32 new 18S rDNA sequences resolved at least five lineages and suggests that Smittium is not monophyletic. In addition, 17 18S rDNA sequences from 5 orders of Zygomycota were included to assess phylogenetic re- lationships with the Trichomycetes. The kickxellid or- igin of Trichomycetes was not strongly supported.
Verification of handwritten signature images by multiresolution wavelet analysis

We took a multi-resolution approach to the signature verification problem. The top-level representation of signature images was the global geometric features including the size and slant angle. A multiresolution representation of signature images was obtained using the wavelet transformation. We evaluated the feature representation at different scales and developed schemes to use this multi-resolution representation for signature verification. We built a vector quantization classifier and a neural network classifier to demonstrate the advantages of using the multiresolution approach. Reasonably high verification rates were obtained. >
Clinical features and molecular genetics of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias

Summary Among the hereditary ataxias, autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxias comprise a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders. Clinical phenotypes vary from predominantly cerebellar syndromes to sensorimotor neuropathy, ophthalmological disturbances, involuntary movements, seizures, cognitive dysfunction, skeletal anomalies, and cutaneous disorders, among others. Molecular pathogenesis also ranges from disorders of mitochondrial or cellular metabolism to impairments of DNA repair or RNA processing functions. Diagnosis can be improved by a systematic approach to the categorisation of these disorders, which is used to direct further, more specific, biochemical and genetic investigations. In this Review, we discuss the clinical characteristics and molecular genetics of the more common autosomal recessive ataxias and provide a framework for assessment and differential diagnosis of patients with these disorders.
The role of particles in the inhibition of premixed flames by iron pentacarbonyl

Abstract Laser light scattering has been used to investigate particle formation in Fe(CO) 5 -inhibited premixed flames in order to understand the influence of metal and metal oxide condensation on flame inhibition. In premixed CH 4 –air flames, particles form early in the flame zone, nucleate and grow to a peak scattering cross section, then disappear as the temperature increases to its peak value. Downstream in the postcombustion gases, the peak scattering signal is several orders of magnitude larger than the peak value near the main reaction zone of the flame. Thermophoretic particle sampling and numerical estimates indicate nanoparticles with diameters between 10 and 30 nm. As the mole fraction of iron pentacarbonyl in the flame is increased, a concentration is reached at which both the burning velocity becomes constant and particle nucleation begins. A model of an ideal heterogeneous inhibitor shows that radical recombination on particle surfaces alone cannot account for the magnitude of the observed inhibition. Measurements in three CO-H 2 flames with similar adiabatic flame temperatures but different burning velocities demonstrate the importance of residence time for particle formation in premixed flames.
Complex Species Interactions Lead to Unpredictable Outcomes in Plethodon

Abstract: Evolutionary and ecological theory generates testable predictions concerning the effects of species interactions on ecological, behavioral, and morphological traits. Throughout Ohio, two closely related and ecologically similar salamander species, Plethodon cinereus and P. electromorphus, occur in similar habitats and in many localities are found in sympatry. Geographic and behavioral patterns previously described between these two species could be the result of interspecific competition, a hypothesis that also predicts distinct patterns of resource use, morphological variation, or both when the two species occur in sympatry. Here we tested these predictions by examining patterns of resource use and morphology in sympatry and compared them to patterns observed in allopatric populations of each species. We found that morphological differences in head shape between species were location-specific, with morphological divergence occurring at some sympatric locations and convergence occurring at other...
Skin hazards from nickel and chromium salts in association with cutting oil operations

Under ordinary working conditions in which grinding fluids were used, the presence of nickel or chromates was not detectable by spot testing. Laboratory studies, however, indicate that nickel can be leached from the machined metals.
Faster In-Network Evaluation of Spatial Aggregationin Sensor Networks

Spatial aggregation is an important class of queries for geoaware spatial sensor database applications. Given a set of spatial regions, it involves the aggregation of dynamic sensor readings over each of these regions simultaneously. Nested spatial aggregation involves one more level of aggregation, combining these aggregates into a single aggregate value. We show that spatial aggregate values can often be computed in-network, rather than waiting until the partial aggregate records reach the root as is now the case. This decreases the amount of communication involved in query evaluation, thereby reducing the network's power consumption. We describe an algorithm that allows us to determine when an aggregate record for any spatial region is ready to be evaluated in-network, based on decorating the routing tree with region leader lists. We also identify several important scenarios, such as nested spatial aggregation and filtering predicates, when the savings from our approach are expected to be particularly great.
LIKE THAT NEW PERFUME YOU'RE WEARING!

![Figure][1] Most studies of signal evolution have concentrated on auditory and visual signals. In some cases, studies have shown that receivers are able to respond to a wider range of signals than are commonly produced by conspecifics. A new study by Wendell Roelofs and colleagues
Pi-nucleon scattering

In preparation for a field-theoretic treatment of $\ensuremath{\pi}$-nucleus scattering, the corresponding $\ensuremath{\pi}$-nucleon problem is examined. In order to include two-body input in the many-body problem it is useful to have a linear wave equation which describes $\ensuremath{\pi}$-nucleon scattering. It is shown that the nonlinear Low equation, in the one-meson, one-nucleon truncation, may be expressed as a linear wave equation with an energy-dependent driving term interpretable as a potential. This potential includes the usual driving term of the Low equation plus an infinite set of higher order terms which incorporate the effects of crossing. A discussion of these terms and an iterative prescription for calculating them is given. In the static limit, our solution is shown to be equivalent to that of Chew and Low.
The Mechanisms of Calcium Cycling and Action Potential Dynamics in Cardiac Alternans

Rationale: Alternans is a risk factor for cardiac arrhythmia, including atrial fibrillation. At the cellular level alternans manifests as beat-to-beat alternations in contraction, action potential duration (APD), and magnitude of the Ca 2+ transient (CaT). Electromechanical and CaT alternans are highly correlated, however, it has remained controversial whether the primary cause of alternans is a disturbance of cellular Ca 2+ signaling or electrical membrane properties. Objective: To determine whether a primary failure of intracellular Ca 2+ regulation or disturbances in membrane potential and AP regulation are responsible for the occurrence of alternans in atrial myocytes. Methods and Results: Pacing-induced APD and CaT alternans were studied in single rabbit atrial and ventricular myocytes using combined [Ca 2+ ]i and electrophysiological measurements. In current-clamp experiments, APD and CaT alternans strongly correlated in time and magnitude. CaT alternans was observed without alternation in L-type Ca 2+ current, however, elimination of intracellular Ca 2+ release abolished APD alternans, indicating that [Ca 2+ ]i dynamics have a profound effect on the occurrence of CaT alternans. Trains of 2 distinctive voltage commands in form of APs recorded during large and small alternans CaTs were applied to voltage-clamped cells. CaT alternans was observed with and without alternation in the voltage command shape. During alternans AP-clamp large CaTs coincided with both long and short AP waveforms, indicating that CaT alternans develop irrespective of AP dynamics. Conclusions: The primary mechanism underlying alternans in atrial cells, similarly to ventricular cells, resides in a disturbance of Ca 2+ signaling, whereas APD alternans are a secondary consequence, mediated by Ca 2+ -dependent AP modulation.
Age, period, and cohort effects. Influences on differences between cross-sectional and longitudinal pulmonary function results.

It is well known that lung function changes with age, increasing during childhood through most of adolescence and decreasing during most of adulthood; changes at different ages vary by population, place, and time. It is postulated, and fairly wellaccepted, that there are cohort effects in most populations, related mostly to period of birth (i.e., birth cohorts). This will change the relationship of lung function with age in the same population during different periods of time. (It is likely that there is a cohort effect on body/thoracic size that also is reflected in the age-cohort lung function relationships.) Age, cohort, and period effects have been evaluated previously (1-21). The primary purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influences of cohort (and period) on the age-lung function relationship. It is recognized in advance that period effects are the most difficult to evaluate because they occur in specific populations and subpopulations. The rationale for using longitudinal data for this purpose is that longitudinal data provide one with the opportunity to look at age and other effects on lung function in the same individuals over time, while cross-sectional age-lung function relationships are period-specific and are derived from multiple birth cohorts. Various models have been used (2, 4, 5, 8, 10-12, 15-20). Comparisons of single and multiple cross-sectional with longitudinal age-lung function relationships provide the primary basis for determining possible effects of cohorts and time periods in the same population, and also the basis for determining differential velocities/accelerations of growth and decline. Longitudinal data also provide the basis for determining the factors, often also related to cohorts (and possibly periods), that affect the age-lung function relationship. For example, smoking behavior/habits will vary by birth cohort, age, and period and will most likely affect lung function growth and decline for the different cohorts and during different periods. It is conceivable that interactions between age, body habitus, and/or risk factors also vary by cohort and period; these can be determined only by use of longitudinal data. Some of the risk factors are very period-specific. Thus, evaluations of longitudinal data will provide the basis for determining the cohort/time changes, their effects, and their implications. Wehave assumed that cohort effects are likelydue to the different life experiences and exposures in different cohorts. Cohort effects have been reflected clearly in age-specific morbidity rates of both tuberculosis and lung cancer. These age-cohort differences have been ascribed to different living conditions and life styles (e.g., nutrition, "sanitation" and socioeconomic conditions [SES], smoking) (22-24). Other risk factors that often affect lung function known to be different in the birth cohorts and periods include age-specific prevalence of airway obstructive diseases (ADD) and exposures (occupational and environmental). The
A discussion on the properties of electrically small self-resonant wire antennas

The performance properties of several electrically small, self-resonant wire antennas are compared as a function of their total wire length, geometry, and effective volume. The radiation properties considered include resonant frequency, radiation resistance, and quality factor (Q). It is shown that the resonant properties of these antennas are directly a function of the antenna's effective height and effective volume, which are established by both total wire length and geometry. When the total wire length and geometry of these antennas are configured such that the antennas exhibit the same effective height and volume, their resonant properties are essentially identical, independent of any differences in their total wire length and geometry. Both computed and measured data are presented to support the comparison of the antennas' resonant properties.
Measuring the benefit of biological control for single gene and pyramided host plant resistance for Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) management.

ABSTRACT The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an economically important pest in the north central United States. In the state of Iowa, economically damaging populations occurred in seven of 11 growing seasons from 2001 to 2011. The high frequency and economic impact of the soybean aphid makes it an ideal candidate for management by using host plant resistance. We compared an aphid-susceptible line to near-isolines that contain Rag1 and Rag2, both alone and pyramided together, to suppress aphid populations and protect yield. Each of four near-isolines, were artificially infested with aphids and grown in small plots in which the exposure to natural enemies was controlled by the use of cages, resulting in the following treatment groups: natural enemy free (only aphids),biocontrol (both aphids and natural enemies), and aphid free (no aphids or natural enemies). The seasonal accumulation of aphids and the population growth rates were measured for each line and an estimate of y...
The Emergence of the Mobile Enterprise: A Value-Driven Perspective

The mobile enterprise is an emerging organizational form that has resulted in a paradigm shift of how business is done. However, only little theoretical work has been done to explore what actually constitutes a mobile enterprise. This article addresses this definitional issue by exploring the salient value propositions that drive the emergence of the mobile enterprise, identifying categories of workers that can benefit from mobile ICT, reviewing what current solutions support the mobile workforce, identifying the challenges of adopting and implementing these solutions, and providing propositions for future theoretical and empirical research.
A Quantitative Assessment of SENSATIONAL with an Exploration of Its Applications

Word sense disambiguation is the problem of selecting a sense for a word from a set of predefined possibilities. This is a significant problem in the biomedical domain where a single word may be used to describe a gene, protein, or abbreviation. In this paper, we evaluate SENSATIONAL, a novel unsupervised WSD technique, in comparison with two popular learning algorithms, support vector machines (SVM) and K means. Based on the accuracy measure, our results show that SENSATIONAL outperforms SVM and K means by 2% and 17% respectively. In addition, we develop a polysemy based search engine and an experimental visualization application that utilizes SENSATIONAL clustering technique.
Real-time automatic target recognition using an optical correlator

An overview of some recent developments in optical correlator technology is presented. An experimental correlator is described along with experimental results on its ability to discriminate between similar targets. The significance of these developments for real time automatic target recognition (ATR) is addressed. A complete ATR system that incorporates an optical correlator, and which is currently under development, is described. >
Apollo entry aerodynamics.

Apollo spacecraft command module aerodynamic characteristics during entry compared with wind tunnel test predictions
Collision avoidance system optimization with probabilistic pilot response models

All large transport aircraft are required to be equipped with a collision avoidance system that instructs pilots how to maneuver to avoid collision with other aircraft. Uncertainty in the compliance of pilots to advisories makes designing collision avoidance logic challenging. Prior work has investigated formulating the problem as a Markov decision process and solving for the optimal collision avoidance strategy using dynamic programming. The logic was optimized to a pilot response model in which the pilot responds deterministically to all alerts. Deviation from this model during flight can degrade safety. This paper extends the methodology to include probabilistic pilot response models that capture the variability in pilot behavior in order to enhance robustness.
Old Borders and New Bordering Capabilities: Cities as Frontier Zones

The global city is a new frontier zone. Deregulation, privatization, and new fiscal and monetary policies create the formal instruments to construct their equivalent of the old military “fort”. The city is also a strategic frontier zone for those who lack power, and allows the making of informal politics. At the same time the border is a mix of regimes, marked by protections and opportunities for corporations and high-level professionals, and implies confinement, capture and detention for migrants. The essay discusses the transformation of the city in a frontier zone and analyses the separation between the capabilities entailed by territoriality and the geographic territory tout court. The analysis focuses on the effects of neoliberal policies that, far from making this a borderless world, have actually multiplied the bordered spaces that allow firms and markets to move across conventional borders. Cities are therefore one of the key sites where new neoliberal norms are made and where new identities emerge.
On A Class of Determinants Associated with a Matrix

THEOREM 1. Suppose A has exactly r different characteristic roots. Then: 1. If F is of characteristic zero then r is equal to the maximum value of m for which Am.OW; 2. If F is of characteristic p different from zero and if m is a positive integer -such that Am. i0 then m < r (such values of m exist at least when n is not divisible by p). In particular, if n <p then again r is equal to the maximum such value of m.
Resistance of Corn to Laboratory Infestation of the Larger Rice Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais

A no-choice test was applied to each of 337 corn samples and an additional free-choice test was used for the 96 most resistant of the 337 to evaluate their resistance to the larger rice weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Corn samples were obtained from the International Germ Plasm Seed Bank, Chapingo, Mexico. Twenty of the samples appear to contain various degrees of resistance. Strains 214 (Coastal Tropical Flint), 222 (Chandelle), and 291 (race unknown) were substantially resistant. In the free-choice tests, position of the susceptible strain in the test chamber influenced results of surrounding samples.
ADL & Deformity of the Knee after Arthrodesis of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip

We observed four patients with congenital dislocation of the hip, performed the arthrodesis of the hip.Years of surgery were from eleven to fourteen years old, and postoperative periods were from seventeen to thirty-five months.We found the following complication: scoliosis, increase of lordosis, lumbago and knee disturbances.The change of the knee are recurvatum, varus and posterior dislocation of the tibia.The roentogenogram showed the inclination to posterointeriorly of the proximal tibial epiphyseal line and the joint surface of tibia, and the early closure of the tibial epiphyseal line.We considered the factor of the these changes, the following things: the destruction of proximal femoral epiphyseal line, the alteration of weight bearing, the question of arthrodesis and the imbalance of muscle.
Identification of proliferative progenitors associated with prominent postnatal growth of the pons

The pons controls crucial sensorimotor and autonomic functions. In humans, it grows sixfold postnatally and is a site of paediatric gliomas; however, the mechanisms of pontine growth remain poorly understood. We show that the murine pons quadruples in volume postnatally; growth is fastest during postnatal days 0-4 (P0-P4), preceding most myelination. We identify three postnatal proliferative compartments: ventricular, midline and parenchymal. We find no evidence of postnatal neurogenesis in the pons, but each progenitor compartment produces new astroglia and oligodendroglia; the latter expand 10- to 18-fold postnatally, and are derived mostly from the parenchyma. Nearly all parenchymal progenitors at P4 are Sox2(+)Olig2(+), but by P8 a Sox2(-) subpopulation emerges, suggesting a lineage progression from Sox2(+) 'early' to Sox2(-) 'late' oligodendrocyte progenitor. Fate mapping reveals that >90% of adult oligodendrocytes derive from P2-P3 Sox2(+) progenitors. These results demonstrate the importance of postnatal Sox2(+)Olig2(+) progenitors in pontine growth and oligodendrogenesis.
A Review of “The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies”

In The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies, historians Donald Bloxham (University of Edinburgh) and A. Dirk Moses (University of Sydney) have gathered a noteworthy set of essays that spans multiple...
Facet-dependent photovoltaic efficiency variations in single grains of hybrid halide perovskite

The photovoltaic properties of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites are sensitive to the local microstructure, but difficult to quantify at the nanoscale. Leblebici et al. use conductive atomic force microscopy to map the local short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage, finding heterogeneity within individual grains.
De rol van de therapeut bij traumagerichte cognitieve gedragstherapie

In dit hoofdstuk en in de rest van dit boek verduidelijken en beschrijven we hoe de therapeutische alliantie kan worden versterkt door gebruik te maken van de unieke sterke punten en talenten van de therapeut bij de toepassing van de PRACTICE-modules van TF-CBT, terwijl tegelijkertijd wordt vastgehouden aan het TF-CBT-model. We hopen hiermee in elk geval voor een deel over te brengen hoe diepgaand en uitgebreid het therapeutische proces kan zijn dat bij toepassing van deze behandelmethode plaatsvindt.
A wideband, planar bow-tie antenna

This paper proposes a solution for a bow-tie antenna to enhance the impedance bandwidth while maintaining an omni-directional radiation pattern. Three bow-tie shapes with different flare angle are combined on a plane. The achieved −10-dB impedance bandwidth is 48% (1.4 GHz ∼ 2.3 GHz). The radiation pattern is maintained omni-directional over the bandwidth. The average realized gain over the bandwidth is 1.5 dBi. The antenna with its wideband characteristic is a good substitution for multiple antennas required for many different applications.
Evolution and imagination in Victorian children's literature

Evolutionary theory sparked numerous speculations about human development, and one of the most ardently embraced was the idea that children are animals recapitulating the ascent of the species. After Darwin's Origin of Species, scientific, pedagogical, and literary works featuring beastly babes and wild children interrogated how our ancestors evolved and what children must do in order to repeat this course to humanity. Exploring fictions by Rudyard Kipling, Lewis Carroll, Frances Hodgson Burnett, Charles Kingsley, and Margaret Gatty, Jessica Straley argues that Victorian children's literature not only adopted this new taxonomy of the animal child, but also suggested ways to complete the child's evolution. In the midst of debates about elementary education and the rising dominance of the sciences, children's authors plotted miniaturized evolutions for their protagonists and readers and, more pointedly, proposed that the decisive evolutionary leap for both our ancestors and ourselves is the advent of the literary imagination.
Vitamin D Actions in Mammary Gland and Breast Cancer

Publisher Summary The mammary gland is composed of a branching network of ducts embedded in an adipose-rich stroma. Adenocarcinoma of the breast arises when epithelial cells or their precursors become transformed through a series of genetic and epigenetic events. Multiple initiating factors, including genetics, environment, and diet, are thought to impact on breast cancer risk. VDR and 1,25(OH)2D3, its natural ligand, act through multiple signaling pathways to induce growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells. Synthetic analogs of 1,25(OH)2D3 which have potent anti-cancer effects with reduced calcemic activity in animal models of breast cancer provide proof of principle that vitamin D signaling can inhibit the growth of established tumors. Clinical studies and epidemiological approaches suggest that optimal vitamin D signaling may reduce risk for breast cancer in human populations. Challenges for the future include better understanding of the transport, uptake and metabolism of vitamin D steroids in breast cancer cells, the molecular mechanism of VDR action in normal mammary gland, windows of development when optimal vitamin D signaling exerts critical influences on breast cancer risk, and the importance of genetic differences in the VDR on an individual's response to vitamin D compounds.
Early Social Development in Autism

Social deficits may be the most long-lasting and handicapping aspects of autism (Park, 1986; Rumsey, Rapoport, & Sceery, 1985), but they are also the least well-documented in research. More encouraging, however, is that research on social deficits has increased significantly in the last 5 years, and, as it accumulates, we have had access to many vivid and remarkably similar clinical examples of the social difficulties of autistic people (Kanner, 1943; Wing, 1976). DSM-III-R, the diagnostic system in greatest current use in North America (American Psychiatric Association, 1987), in fact, consists of these examples supporting a very broad statement about a qualitative social deficit. However, to date, no comprehensive theory has been proposed that attempts to account for these examples over the course of development, although more specific accounts have been put forward (Frith, 1989; Hobson, in press).
The Nave Italia and the Politics of Latinità: Art, Commerce, and Cultural Colonization in the Early Days Of Fascism

During 1924 the Nave Italia visited every Latin American city with a significant Italian community. This ship carried industrial and artisanal products, and numerous artworks by commercially successful but aesthetically conservative Italian artists. The Italia aimed to establish commercial partnerships with the emerging markets of Latin America, and to extend the political influence of Italy across the Atlantic. To do so, the organizers emphasized the concept of latinita, suggesting a common heritage shared by Italy and Latin America. This paper analyzes the artistic content of the Italia and how it manifested the ambiguities of Fascism’s project of cultural colonization of Latin America. While most visitors of the Italia did not notice any anticipations of Fascism in the artworks on view, the Mexican Muralists did. I argue that their violent reaction towards the art on the Italia indicates the presence of embedded traces of Fascism in the apparently inoffensive aesthetic of the decorative objects and art...
Efficacy of Cardiovascular Activity in Stroke Rehabilitation Therapy

We aim to optimize post-stroke motor control rehabilitation therapy via integration of cardiovascular activity. Although stroke therapy ranges from months to years for some stroke patients, the majority of neurological recovery occurs within the first three months. Afterwards, neurological recovery occurs at a reduced rate for a period of up to one year. Current studies report that cardiovascular activity increases synaptic plasticity by affecting synaptic structure and potentiating synaptic strength, strengthening neurogenesis, metabolism and vascular function. Integrating cardiovascular activity in post-stroke motor control rehabilitation therapy may restore two-way communication between the central nervous system and extremities via growth of alternative central nervous system pathways; thus, resulting in improved motor control in both upper and lower extremities. We hypothesize that the neurotrophic factors engendered by cardiovascular activity significantly fortify descending motor pathways. In part one, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) quantify the level of brain activity resulting from upper extremity movement and lower extremity movement in two cohorts, each cohort consisting of four members. In part two, cohort one will perform 30 min of cardiovascular activity prior to 30 min of upper and lower extremity strength training five times a week for a total of three months. During this period, cohort two will perform only 30 min of upper and lower extremity strength training five times a week. In part three, fMRI and EEG will quantify the level of brain activity resulting from upper extremity movement and lower extremity movement in both cohorts. After data collection, juxtaposition of functional magnetic resonance images in conjunction with electroencephalograms during day one and during day ninety will occur in order to quantify the significance of cardiovascular activity integration in post-stroke motor control rehabilitation therapy.
Charateristics of decade-bandwidth, Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (BAVA) phased arrays with time-delay beamformer systems

The first part of this paper presents measured performance of the Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (BAVA) with U-shaped metallic channels. This new BAVA array is dual polarized with decade bandwidth and wide scan volume. Its depth is half-wavelength at the highest frequency of operation. It can be constructed as modular individual BAVA elements or as a subarray with integrated transmitter / receiver (T/R) modules. This is a unique feature that reduces manufacturing complexity and the cost of field repair. The second part of this paper overviews performance of the BAVA array scanned at wide scan angles using AFRL's Transformational Element Level Array (TELA) Time-Delay Units between 2 GHz to 8 GHz and using fixed delay lines between 2 GHz to 18 GHz. The authors offer guidelines for minimum aperture size to realize decade bandwidth beam scan performance without beam squinting at the lower end of the frequency band.
Grazoprevir plus elbasvir and other treatment options in hepatitis C infected patients with stage 4–5 chronic kidney disease

The prevalence of Hepatitis C (HCV) in patients with advanced renal disease and dialysis is higher than that of general population with rates around 5–10% in Europe and USA (1,2).
The use of genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction to predict fluxes and equilibrium composition of N-fixing versus C-fixing cells in a diazotrophic cyanobacterium, Trichodesmium erythraeum

Computational, genome based predictions of organism phenotypes has enhanced the ability to investigate the biological phenomena that help organisms survive and respond to their environments. In this study, we have created the first genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium T. erythraeum and used genome-scale modeling approaches to investigate carbon and nitrogen fluxes as well as growth and equilibrium population composition. We created a genome-scale reconstruction of T. erythraeum with 971 reactions, 986 metabolites, and 647 unique genes. We then used data from previous studies as well as our own laboratory data to establish a biomass equation and two distinct submodels that correspond to the two cell types formed by T. erythraeum. We then use flux balance analysis and flux variability analysis to generate predictions for how metabolism is distributed to account for the unique productivity of T. erythraeum. Finally, we used in situ data to constrain the model, infer time dependent population compositions and metabolite production using dynamic Flux Balance Analysis. We find that our model predicts equilibrium compositions similar to laboratory measurements, approximately 15.5% diazotrophs for our model versus 10-20% diazotrophs reported in literature. We also found that equilibrium was the most efficient mode of growth and that equilibrium was stoichiometrically mediated. Moreover, the model predicts that nitrogen leakage is an essential condition of optimality for T. erythraeum; cells leak approximately 29.4% total fixed nitrogen when growing at the optimal growth rate, which agrees with values observed in situ. The genome-metabolic network reconstruction allows us to use constraints based modeling approaches to predict growth and optimal cellular composition in T. erythraeum colonies. Our predictions match both in situ and laboratory data, indicating that stoichiometry of metabolic reactions plays a large role in the differentiation and composition of different cell types. In order to realize the full potential of the model, advance modeling techniques which account for interactions between colonies, the environment and surrounding species need to be developed.
The impact of monetary policy on housing market activity: An assessment using sign restrictions

Abstract Existing research demonstrates that housing, particularly residential investment, plays an important role in the transmission of monetary policy shocks to the overall economy. With this in mind, this paper investigates the relationship between monetary policy and housing market activity using a relatively new method for identifying monetary shocks. More specifically, a monetary policy shock is identified by explicitly imposing sign restrictions on impulse response vectors. The extra information from sign restrictions is important for new insights regarding the transmission of monetary policy to the housing sector – notably, the results indicate that residential investment is less sensitive to a contractionary shock than standard estimates with recursive restrictions. Given that the response of the housing sector using sign restrictions is smaller than other work using standard identification methods, the work indicates that further research is needed to examine whether other sectors of the economy may be less sensitive to monetary policy than previously thought.
2D material integrated macroporous electrodes for Li-ion batteries

Three-dimensionally structured architectures are known to improve the performance of electrodes used in Li ion battery systems. In addition, integration of select 2D materials into 3D structures, for enhancing both electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity, will prove advantageous. Here a scalable one-step chemical vapor deposition technique is demonstrated for the controlled etching and simultaneous graphene growth on stainless steel substrates resulting in a 3D micro-mesh architecture that is ideal for high rate/high capacity electrodes; the graphene coated 3D stainless steel current collector is used with an MoS2 electrode material for demonstrating high stability and rate capacity in Li-ion batteries.
Smells, exemplars and evidence: smelling knowledge of the external world

AbstractConscious experience of the sensation of smell provides exemplars of the sensation exhibiting to us what it is like. These exemplars of experiences can become vehicles or terms of representation and meaning. I call this exemplar representation and the process exemplarization. The notion of exemplarization is indebted to Hume and Goodman. I modify the notion here to apply to the sensation of smell. Exemplar representation differs from verbal representation because the exemplar, like a sample, exhibits what the represented items smell like, a perfume, a spice, or an animal. The exemplar represents the sensation and, at the same, represents external objects, my example is the spray of a skunk, by exhibiting what a skunk smells like. The exemplar is part of the meaning and conception of the external object. This solves the problem, as Reid insisted, of how experience of smell justifies perceptual belief in the existence of external objects. The meaning of thought and discourse about external objects i...
Functional properties of dopamine transporter oligomers after copper linking.

Although it is universally accepted that dopamine transporters (DATs) exist in monomers, dimers and tetramers (i.e. dimers of dimers), it is not known whether the oligomeric organization of DAT is a prerequisite for its ability to take up dopamine (DA), or whether each DAT protomer, the subunit of quaternary structure, functions independently in terms of DA translocation. In this study, copper phenanthroline (CuP) was used to selectively target surface DAT: increasing concentrations of CuP gradually cross-linked natural DAT dimers in LLC-PK1 cells stably expressing hDAT and thereby reduced DA uptake functionality until all surface DATs were inactivated. DATs that were not cross-linked by CuP showed normal DA uptake with DA Km at ~ 0.5 μM and DA efflux with basal and amphetamine-induced DA efflux as much as control values. The cocaine analog 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-[4-fluorophenyl]-tropane (CFT) was capable to bind to copper-cross-linked DATs, albeit with an affinity more than fivefold decreased (Kd of CFT = 109 nM after cross-linking vs 19 nM before). A kinetic analysis is offered describing the changing amounts of dimers and monomers with increasing [CuP], allowing the estimation of dimer functional activity compared with a DAT monomer. Consonant with previous conclusions for serotonin transporter and NET that only one protomer of an oligomer is active at the time, the present data indicated a functional activity of the DAT dimer of 0.74 relative to a monomer.