cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disseminated herpes zoster following treatment with benralizumab

Background Disseminated herpes zoster infection occurs mostly in immunocompromised hosts. There have been recent reports of disseminated zoster with chemotherapeutic regimens and newer monoclonal antibodies. Case report The present case describes a 61-year-old patient presenting with disseminated herpes zoster after initiation of benralizumab, an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody for severe persistent asthma. His initial vesicular lesions limited to left lumbar dermatomes progressed extensively resulting in dissemination on his body. The diagnosis was confirmed with PCR and he had remarkable clinical improvement with acyclovir and supportive medical management. Conclusion Clinical trials have reported an association of mepolizumab, another anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody with herpes zoster. This report of herpes zoster following initiation of benralizumab might suggest a possibility of a class effect of anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody.
Classifying quantum data by dissipation

We investigate a general class of dissipative quantum circuit capable of computing arbitrary conjunctive normal form (CNF) Boolean formulas. In particular, the clauses in a CNF formula define a local generator of Markovian quantum dynamics which acts on a network of qubits. Fixed points of this dynamical system encode the evaluation of the CNF formula. The structure of the corresponding quantum map partitions the Hilbert space into sectors, according to decoherence-free subspaces (DFSs) associated with the dissipative dynamics. These sectors then provide a natural and consistent way to classify quantum data (i.e., quantum states). Indeed, the attractive fixed points of the network allow one to learn the sector(s) for which some particular quantum state is associated. We show how this structure can be used to dissipatively prepare quantum states (e.g., entangled states) and outline how it may be used to generalize certain classical computational learning tasks.
The impact of timing of adjuvant therapy on survival for patients with glioblastoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Abstract The optimal timing of adjuvant chemoradiation after surgical resection of glioblastoma remains unknown. The National Cancer Database was queried for all patients diagnosed with glioblastoma from 2004 to 2012 who underwent surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemoradiation. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine factors influencing survival. Optimal thresholds for time to initiation (TTI) of adjuvant therapy were determined using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA). A total of 16,335 patients were included. The RPA model identified an optimal threshold of 61 days to initiation of adjuvant therapy which was confirmed with randomly selected training and validation sets using conditional inference trees repeated 1000 times for robustness. Compared to patients who initiated adjuvant therapy within 61 days (median overall survival: 14.1 months, 95% CI 13.8–14.3 months), patients who initiated adjuvant therapy after day 61 (MOS: 12.0, CI: 10.7–12.9) had higher risk of death (p
Clinical outcomes of patients with stage IV cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors in the inpatient setting.

6634Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent a major leap in the treatment of many cancers. Use has rapidly expanded in recent years, yet it is unknown whether hospitalized patients...
Movement and Spatial Specificity Support Scaling in Ant Colonies and Immune Systems: Application to National Biosurveillance

Data obtained from biosurveillance can be used by public health systems to detect and respond to disease outbreaks and save lives. However, existing data is distributed across large geographic areas, and both the quality and type of data vary in space and time. We discuss a framework for analyzing biosurveillance information to minimize detection time and maximize detection accuracy while scaling the analysis over large regions. We propose that strategies used by canonical biological complex systems, which are adapted to diverse environments, provide good models for the design of a robust, adaptive, and scalable biosurveillance system. Drawing from knowledge of the adaptive immune system, and ant colonies, we examine strategies that support the scaling of detection in order to search and respond in large areas with dynamic distributions of data. Based on this research, we discuss a bioinspired approach for a distributed, adaptive, and scalable biosurveillance system.
Older Adults’ Experience With Fall Prevention Recommendations Derived From the STEADI:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries (STEADI) toolkit is a national effort to prevent falls among older adults. Studies have been conducted on implementation of the STEADI, but no studies have investigated older adults' adherence to or perceptions of fall prevention recommendations delineated within the STEADI algorithm. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of older adults 6 months after attending a falls risk assessment. Seventy-nine percent accurately recalled their fall risk, 57% followed one or more recommendations, and 32% did not recall at least one recommendation correctly. The most common recommendation recalled and adhered to was exercise. No participants recalled or adhered to recommendations including medication review, taking time changing positions, vision check, podiatrist visit, or physical therapy. Thirty-two percent fell. Of these, 55.6% did not follow any recommendations. Interview transcripts were analyzed using comparative methodology following the tenets of thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: participating in fall prevention, barriers to following recommendations, and providers can encourage people to prevent falls. An unexpected facilitator to participation in fall prevention efforts emerged-older adults' perception that they were positively influencing society by participating in research and working with students and the university. This finding provides an opportunity for providers of health education to address the growing public health issue of falls among older adults while also creating opportunities for students to engage in community service and interdisciplinary service learning.
Metagenome Sequences from Tidal Marsh and Marine Sediment from the Great Bay Estuary of New Hampshire

ABSTRACT Tidal marsh and estuarine marine microbial sediment metagenomes from the Great Bay Estuary of New Hampshire were sequenced and found to be dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Both types of sediment contained many unclassified bacterial sequences, including the mollusk pathogen Perkinsus marinus, and detectable xenobiotic degradation and nitrogen transformation genes.
Stress and the Surgical Resident in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically transformed the healthcare community and medical education across the United States. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the surgical resident training experience, assess possible sources of stress or anxiety among surgery residents, and examine how patterns of anxiety vary by resident rank. Design We developed and disseminated a survey, which included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), to all general and integrated plastic surgery residents in their clinical years of training at the University of California, San Francisco. Statistical analysis of the survey responses was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Post-hoc analysis was performed using the Bonferroni-corrected Dunn test. Survey data were combined with aggregated duty hour information and operative case numbers from select hospitals for March and April of 2019 (historical baseline) and 2020. Results The overall survey response rate was 73.7% (n = 73). With an estimated operative volume reduction of 63.3% for general surgery cases, over 90% of residents expressed concern about the decline in operative exposure. While the senior residents tended to work more shifts, they were not more likely to have higher risk perception scores for contracting COVID-19 nor higher anxiety levels about the possibility of contracting COVID-19. They were, however, significantly more likely to have high GAD-7 scores (≥ 10) when compared to interns (z = −2.82, p-adj = 0.014). Overall, residents were more concerned about the general health of loved ones than about their own risk of contracting COVID-19 (U = 3897.5, p Conclusions While the work-related experiences of residents varied across a number of factors during the pandemic, residents tended to report similar sources of anxiety. Moving forward, surgical residency training programs will need to develop ways to optimize available surgical experiences and address the unique resident anxieties that an infectious pandemic presents.
Emotional Detachment Moderates Associations Between Students’ Perceptions of Parental Support and First-Year College Adjustment: Generational Status Differences:

First-year college students (N = 384) self-reported parental support, emotional detachment from parents, and college adjustment. Higher levels of parental social support were associated with greate...
COMPARING Hα AND H I SURVEYS AS MEANS TO A COMPLETE LOCAL GALAXY CATALOG IN THE ADVANCED LIGO/VIRGO ERA

Identifying the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave (GW) sources detected by upcoming networks of advanced ground-based interferometers will be challenging, due in part to the large number of unrelated astrophysical transients within the ~10-100 deg2 sky localizations. A potential way to greatly reduce the number of such false positives is to limit detailed follow-up to only those candidates near galaxies within the GW sensitivity range of ~200 Mpc for binary neutron star mergers. Such a strategy is currently hindered by the fact that galaxy catalogs are grossly incomplete within this volume. Here, we compare two methods for completing the local galaxy catalog: (1) a narrowband Hα imaging survey and (2) an H I emission line radio survey. Using Hα fluxes, stellar masses (M ), and star formation rates (SFRs) from galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), combined with H I data from the GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey and the Herschel Reference Survey, we estimate that an Hα survey with a luminosity sensitivity of L Hα = 1040 erg s–1 at 200 Mpc could achieve a completeness of f Hα SFR 75% with respect to total SFR, but only with respect to M (due to lack of sensitivity to early-type galaxies). These numbers are significantly lower than those achieved by an idealized spectroscopic survey due to the loss of Hα flux resulting from resolving out nearby galaxies and the inability to correct for the underlying stellar continuum. An H I survey with sensitivity similar to the proposed WALLABY survey on ASKAP could achieve and , somewhat higher than that of the Hα survey. Finally, both Hα and H I surveys should achieve 50% completeness with respect to the host galaxies of short-duration gamma-ray bursts, which may trace the population of binary neutron star mergers.
Improvement Initiative: End-Tidal Carbon Monoxide Measurement in Newborns Receiving Phototherapy.

Objectives To determine, as part of our Utah Newborn Nursery Bilirubin Management Program, whether end-tidal carbon monoxide concentration (ETCOc) measurements in all newborns in our nursery receiving phototherapy were associated with outcomes related to the management of hyperbilirubinemia, including time (hours after birth) when phototherapy was initiated, total duration of phototherapy during the nursery stay, repeat phototherapy treatments, and hospital readmission for phototherapy. Study design We performed a planned interim analysis of a component of our program in which we measured ETCOc noninvasively using CoSense on each newborn in our nursery receiving phototherapy and recorded specific outcomes related to phototherapy management. Results Of 1856 newborns admitted to our nursery in a 6-month period in 2020, 170 (9.8%) were treated with phototherapy. An ETCOc reading was successfully obtained in 145 of 151 attempts (96%). Higher ETCOc values were associated with earlier institution of phototherapy and longer duration of phototherapy. For every 1-ppm increase in ETCOc, phototherapy was started 9 hours earlier (95% CI, 3.3-14.8; P = .002) and was administered for an additional 9.3 hours (95% CI, 4.1-14.6; P Conclusions Our findings provide answers to questions raised in the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics bilirubin guidelines. In our neonatal nursery, measuring ETCOc in all phototherapy recipients was feasible and safe, and the results were associated with multiple aspects of phototherapy management. Higher ETCOc values predicted earlier and longer phototherapy courses.
Concerning Semi-Metals

§ 305. The malleable [metals] called whole [eg- enteligen] metals, those which are found to be brittle the hammer [are called] semi-metals.
Joint Utterance Construction in Japanese Conversation

This book focuses on how participants in Japanese conversation negotiate and achieve joint courses of action within a single turn at talk. Using the methodology of Conversation Analysis as a central framework, this book describes in detail the structures and procedures used by Japanese speakers to jointly produce a coherent grammatical unit-in-progress, and explores the range of social actions that speakers accomplish by employing that practice. This study is part of a larger project intended to investigate how humans achieve intricate coordination of their behavior with that of co-participants in everyday social encounters and how language plays a constitutive part in making such micro-level social coordination possible. Through a close examination of joint utterance construction in Japanese, this book contributes to a growing body of research into the mutual influence between the grammatical organization of language and the organization of situated human conduct in social interaction.
Drug use, HIV, HCV and TB: major interlinked challenges in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Eastern Europe and Central Asia have the largest drug epidemic globally and the fastest and still expanding HIV epidemic. The Russian Federation and Ukraine together account for over 90% of the reported AIDS cases in the region. If small in absolute numbers, the epidemics are however significant in prevalence rate in most countries of Central Asia. Most heroin and many of the new synthetic or home-made drugs are injected, which has led to high prevalence levels (up to 90%) of HCV infection in people who inject drugs (PWID). The two epidemics of HIV and HCV are in turn interlinked with TB and MDR-TB that are highly prevalent among marginalized populations in the region. Despite progress in the last two years, access to antiretroviral treatment remains far below global levels and increases more slowly than new reported cases of HIV. Access to prevention is limited with low coverage of needle exchange programs and very low or inexistent access to opioid substitutive therapy. There are few exceptions to this situation, including Ukraine where harm reduction programs are being scaled up together with significant peer outreach programs for PWIDs. This is likely to be the reason why the epidemic curves in the Russian Federation and Ukraine are now diverging. The region faces many structural, cultural, societal and political obstacles in responding to these quadruple epidemics. Without a significantly expanded and strengthened response, these epidemics will remain major causes of illness and premature deaths in the region. (Published: 2 November 2014) Citation : Abstracts of the HIV Drug Therapy Glasgow Congress 2014 Kazatchkine M. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2014, 17(Suppl 3) :19501 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/19501 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.17.4.19501
Reasoning about complementary intrusion evidence

This paper presents techniques to integrate and reason about complementary intrusion evidence such as alerts generated by intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and reports by system monitoring or vulnerability scanning tools. To facilitate the modeling of intrusion evidence, this paper classifies intrusion evidence into either event-based evidence or state-based evidence. Event-based evidence refers to observations (or detections) of intrusive actions (e.g., IDS alerts), while state-based evidence refers to observations of the effects of intrusions on system states. Based on the interdependency between event-based and state-based evidence, this paper develops techniques to automatically integrate complementary evidence into Bayesian networks, and reason about uncertain or unknown intrusion evidence based on verified evidence. The experimental results in this paper demonstrate the potential of the proposed techniques. In particular, additional observations by system monitoring or vulnerability scanning tools can potentially reduce the false alert rate and increase the confidence in alerts corresponding to successful attacks.
Control of microvascular oxygen pressures during recovery in rat fast‐twitch muscle of differing oxidative capacity

Whether the speed of recovery of microvascular O2 pressures () differs within muscles composed primarily of type II fibres with contrasting oxidative capacity has not been determined. We tested the hypothesis that, following contractions, the recovery of would be slower in the white (WG; low oxidative capacity) versus the mixed gastrocnemius (MG; comparatively high oxidative capacity). Radiolabelled microsphere and phosphorescence quenching techniques were used to measure muscle blood flow (, hence O2 delivery, ) and during contractions (1 Hz twitch) at low (LO, 2.5 V) and high intensities (HI, 4.5 V) in rat (n= 15) MG and WG muscle and during subsequent recovery. Following the LO protocol, end-contraction was lower in WG (11.6 ± 0.5 mmHg) than in MG (16.2 ± 0.6 mmHg; P 0.05) were not different. In contrast, end-contraction baseline was not different following the HI protocol (MG 10.3 ± 0.6 mmHg and WG 9.2 ± 0.6 mmHg; P > 0.05) but, in agreement with our hypothesis, /dt was slower (MG 0.07 ± 0.01 mmHg s−1 and WG 0.03 ± 0.003 mmHg s−1; P < 0.05) and MRT longer (WG 180.8 ± 4.5 s and MG 115.4 ± 6.7 s; P < 0.05) in WG versus MG following the HI protocol. These data suggest that following high-intensity, though submaximal, muscle contractions, recovers much faster in the more oxidative mixed gastrocnemius than in the less oxidative white gastrocnemius.
Gauss Quadrature Applied to Trust Region Computations

This paper discusses the application of the Lanczos process to the solution of large-scale trust-region subproblems. Techniques pioneered by Golub based on Gauss quadrature are applied to derive inexpensively computable upper and lower bounds for quantities of interest. These bounds help determine how many steps of the Lanczos process should be carried out.
Parallels with the Female Athlete Triad in Male Athletes

Participation in sports offers many health benefits to athletes of both sexes. However, subsets of both female and male athletes are at increased risk of impaired bone health and bone stress injuries. The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is defined as the interrelationship of low energy availability (with or without disordered eating), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density. The Triad may result in health consequences, including bone stress injuries. Our review presents evidence that an analogous process may occur in male athletes. Our review of the available literature indicates that a subset of male athletes may experience adverse health issues that parallel those associated with the Triad, including low energy availability (with or without disordered eating), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and low bone mineral density. Consequently, male athletes may be predisposed to developing bone stress injuries, and these injuries can be the first presenting feature of associated Triad conditions. We discuss the evidence for impaired nutrition, hormonal dysfunction, and low bone mineral density in a subset of male athletes, and how these health issues may parallel those of the Triad. With further research into the mechanisms and outcomes of these health concerns in active and athletic men, evidence-based guidelines can be developed that result in best practice.
On the Meridional Structure of Annular Modes

Abstract Using a simple stochastic model, the authors illustrate that the occurrence of a meridional dipole in the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of a time-dependent zonal jet is a simple consequence of the north–south excursion of the jet center, and this geometrical fact can be understood without appealing to fluid dynamical principles. From this it follows that one ought not, perhaps, be surprised at the fact that such dipoles, commonly referred to as the Arctic Oscillation (AO) or the Northern Annular Mode (NAM), have robustly been identified in many observational studies and appear to be ubiquitous in atmospheric models across a wide range of complexity.
Microstructural analysis of an embrittled 422 stainless steel stud bolt after approximately 30 years service in a fossil power plant

Abstract A microstructural analysis has been conducted of 12% Cr stainless steel (essentially Type 422) bolts that were found to be embrittled after service in a fossil-fired power plant for approximately 30 years at about 565–590°C. In the as-received condition, the Charpy V-notch absorption energy at 25°C was about 4 J. Fracture in the bolts and in the impact samples was intergranular, along the prior austenite grain boundaries. However, the fracture surfaces did have a fine, rough topology. The microstructure consisted of a rather uniform dispersion of fine particles in a ferrite matrix, with particles on the prior austenite grain boundaries. X-ray diffraction analysis of extracted particles, and TEM and STEM analysis of metallographic extraction replicas and thin foils, and of extraction replicas from the fracture surface, identified most of the particles as M 23 C 6 carbides. In addition, Laves phase and a Ni-rich (e.g., 30 wt. % Ni) phase were found. Several heat treatments were tried to improve the toughness. The highest energy absorption of 34 J was obtained by reaustenitizing for 2 h at 1,065°C, oil quenching, then tempering for 2 h at 750°C, followed by air cooling. The microstructure was similar in appearance to that of the as-received, embrittled material. However, no Laves or Ni-rich phase was found. There was markedly less intergranular and more transgranular fracture. The cause of the embrittlement was not discerned, nor why the toughness was improved with the heat treatments. A brief discussion of possible causes is presented.
Separating the contributions of vascular anatomy and blood viscosity to peripheral resistance and the physiological implications of interspecific resistance variation in amphibians

Amphibian pulmonary and systemic vascular circuits are arranged in parallel, with potentially important consequences for resistance (R) to blood flow. The contribution of the parallel anatomic arrangement to total vascular R (R T), independent of blood viscosity, is unknown. We measured pulmonary (R P) and systemic (R S) vascular R with an in situ Ringer’s solution perfusion technique using anesthetized anuran and urodele species to determine: (1) relative contributions of vascular anatomy and blood viscosity to R T; (2) distensibility index (%Δ flow kPa−1) of the pulmonary and systemic vascular circuits; and (3) interspecific correlates of variation in these parameters with red blood cell size, cardiac power output, and aerobic capacities. R P was lower than R S in anurans, while R P of the urodeles was greater than R S and significantly greater than anuran R P. Anuran R T was lowest and did not vary interspecifically, whereas urodele R T was significantly greater than anuran, and varied interspecifically. Pulmonary and systemic circuit distensibility differences may explain cardiac shunt patterns in toads with changes in cardiac output from rest to activity. When blood viscosity was taken into account, vascular resistance accounted for about 25 % of R T while blood viscosity accounted for the remaining 75 %. Owing to lower R T, terrestrial anuran species required lower cardiac power outputs when moving fluid through their vasculature compared to aquatic species. These results indicate that physical characteristics of the vasculature can account for interspecific differences in cardiovascular physiology and suggest a co-evolution of cardiac and vascular anatomy among amphibians.
Identification of regime shifts in time series using neighborhood statistics

Abstract Sudden and significant changes in biotic and abiotic variables have been observed across a variety of systems. The identification of such regime shifts in time series includes both model-fitting and statistical approaches. We introduce two methods that use state- or measurement-space neighborhood statistics to pick out regime shifts. Analysis of simulated and real data sets shows that these methods can be an effective means of identifying regime shifts for single variable as well as multivariable time series. In addition, these methods can be used on systems with non-equilibrium steady states. However, care must be taken in interpreting results as these methods do respond to changes in time series that are not consistent with the regime shift concept.
In vitro activity of DU-6859a against anaerobic bacteria.

Abstract The activity of a new quinolone agent, DU-6859a, against 330 strains of anaerobic bacteria was determined by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards-approved Wadsworth brucella laked blood agar method; the activity of DU-6859a was compared with those of amoxicillin-clavulanate (2:1), chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, fleroxacin, imipenem, lomefloxacin, metronidazole, sparfloxacin, and temafloxacin. DU-6859a and chloramphenicol inhibited all of the isolates at concentrations of 1 and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively; amoxicillin-clavulanate, imipenem, and metronidazole inhibited > or = 94% of the isolates at their respective breakpoints (8, 8, and 16 micrograms/ml). MICs of DU-6859a at which 90% of the strains were susceptible were 1 to 5 twofold dilutions lower than those of the other quinolones for every group of organisms. MICs of DU-6859a at which 90% of the strains were susceptible (total numbers of strains tested are in parentheses) were < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml for Bacteroides fragilis (57), other B. fragilis group species (84), Bilophila wadsworthia (15), Clostridium species (27) (including C. difficile, C. perfringens, and C. ramosum), Fusobacterium nucleatum (16), Fusobacterium mortiferum-F. varium group species (10), Peptostreptococcus species (20), non-spore-forming gram-positive rods (20), and Prevotella species (25).
Post‐High School Performances of Superior Students

214 high school students who had participated in the activities of the Research and Guidance Laboratory for Superior Students at the University of Wisconsin were matched with 214 non-Laboratory students on the variables of sex, high school attended, year of graduation, and rank in graduating class. The matching was done only to get similar groups, and no person-to-person comparisons were made on the variables studied. Both groups were followed up in college. Data were collected by an open-response questionnaire distributed to all subjects from official college files. Laboratory students significantly exceed non-Laboratory students in (a) amounts of scholarship aid, (b) academic honors in college, (c) college GPA, and (d) plans to seek full-time employment after college. Non-Laboratory students had higher college attrition rates and more of them favored combinations of work-travel-study plans after college. There were no differences between the groups with respect to participation in extracurricular activities nor in attitudes toward current status.
Performance Pay Choices: Evidence From Certified Agreements

A number of factors have converged to create a revival of interest in performance pay schemes. This paper takes a sample of certified agreements filed with the Australian Industrial Relations Commission to examine, firstly, the extent to which the parties have used the formal industrial relations machinery to make agreements about performance pay and, secondly, to examine the choices that the parties have made in relation to performance pay scheme design. The areas of scheme design covered in the study are the objectives of the performance pay scheme, eligibility to participate, the unit of performance measurement, the relationship between the performance payments and base salary, tbe evaluation-payment cycle, the size and form of payments, consultative mechanisms used in establishing and/or monitoring the performance pay scheme, appeals and reviews.
Structure of pathways in ecological networks: relationships between length and number

Abstract In ecosystems network, structure determines adjacent (direct) and non-adjacent (indirect) pathways over which energy, matter, and information can flow. The more pathways, the more possible ways the conservative substance can move in zero-sum transactions between network nodes that the pathways interconnect, and the more possible non-conservative, nonzero-sum relations can be secondarily derived from these. Structural analysis is a tool we employ, from a family of input–output methods for exploring zero- and nonzero-sum attributes of environmental networks, to count pathways of varying length between network nodes. In this paper, we examine the relationship between pathway length (k) and number (Pk) as determined by system size (n, number of nodes) and extent and pattern of connectance (C). We develop a measure (ma) of pathway growth in numbers with increasing length, and then normalize this to the maximum rate possible (ma/mc) for a given system size. These measures apply to two pathway types—paths, ma(0) and ma(0)/mc(0), which forbid adjacent node repetitions, and walks, ma(1) and ma(1)/mc(1), which allow them. We find that network size has a curvilinear effect on the pathway number versus length relationship, and extent and pattern of connectance are convolved. Values computed for the paths and walks of three ecosystem models (oyster reef, freshwater marsh, and reservoir cove) are used to compare their pathway structure.
Effect of light quality on production of extracellular polysaccharides and growth rate of Porphyridium cruentum

Blue light and red light can be used to improve the efficiency of photosynthesis and increase the production of extracellular polysaccharide. Growth and extracellular polysaccharide production by Porphyridium cruentum were measured as a function of light wavelength and intensity. Light quality was a key factor for controlling the growth and polysaccharide production. The growth rate of P. cruentum increased with enhanced of light intensity, however a light level beyond the saturation point inhibited the growth of microalgae. A chromatic spectrum of blue and red light was used to enhance the growth and extracellular polysaccharide production due to the characteristics of the photosynthetic process. Efficient light transfer was the most important parameters in optimizing the mass culture of the photosynthetic organism.
POWER ANALYSIS FOR DETECTING TRENDS IN THE PRESENCE OF CONCOMITANT VARIABLES

In some situations, survey counts must be adjusted for the effects of concomitant variables using analysis of covariance in order to detect a trend in abundance over time. A power analysis in these cases allows the calculation of the probability of detecting a trend after adjustments. The methods will be applicable to samples taken at regular or irregular intervals in time or space, and in which the effects of the concomitant variables do not change over time. Furthermore, the detection of linear and intrinsically linear change can be determined. The methods are applied to the monitoring of American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) populations in Florida.
Caregiver stress and physical health: The case for stress management therapy

It is well known that providing care for a loved one with memory problems puts a person at risk for both mental and physical health problems. In the last several decades, research on chronic stress suggests that the body's physical response to stress becomes severely dysregulated as a result of chronic stress lifestyles such as caregiving. This dysregulation may be the causal factor in caregivers' increased physical and mental health risks. This paper attempts to outline the mechanisms of one major physiologic system involved in the body's stress response, explaining how it can be used to monitor the efficacy of stress management interventions. The research leads to the conclusion that well-planned stress management interventions can effectively reduce the effects of chronic stress among caregivers.
The influence of target history and deposition geometry on RF magnetron sputtered LiCoO2 thin films

Thin LiCoO2 films, typically used as cathode layers in thin-film solid-state batteries were RF magnetron sputter-deposited using targets that were either freshly produced, or had seen over 100 h of sputter erosion. The substrates, as received (1 0 0) silicon wafers, were either held stationary or were rocked back and forth under the target. Film texturing, grain size, composition, and thickness were examined using X-ray diffraction (synchrotron light source), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Rutherfords backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and stylus profilometry. Films that were sputtered from the heavily used target were, on average, lithium-deficient, while films deposited using the fresh target were slightly lithium-rich. Film thickness, composition, and type of crystallographic texture varied radially, in the plane of the film in the stationary substrate case, in a pattern that reflected the sputter target erosion ring. For films deposited with substrate motion, an ovular area was defined on the film in which composition, and texturing were essentially uniform. The Li/Co ratio in the target and subsequent films was found to decrease over many hours of sputtering. Possible causes for the compositional and orientational variations observed are discussed. # 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Skinner's senses of guessing

Abstract This paper identifies and names four senses of “guessing” in Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior: “Guessing as tacting,” “guessing resembling tacts,” “statistical guessing,” and “guessing as autoclitics.” Factors which enhance the strength of each form of “guessing” are considered. Applications of these senses of guessing in the language of behavior analysts are briefly discussed.
The Value of International Experience

ABSTRACT This article introduces the benefits and risks of accepting an international work assignment. The author reflects on his own 4-year overseas appointment and provides a summary literature review. Selected resources are outlined for exploring expatriate opportunities.
The pathology of IgG4-related disease: critical issues and challenges

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic and relapsing disease. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD is based on a combination of features that include clinical, imaging, serologic, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Nonetheless, histopathology has emerged as the gold standard for the diagnosis of IgG4-RD. Guidelines for the pathologic diagnosis of this condition have been published by an international group of experts: a triumvirate of histologic features allows for a confident diagnosis of IgG4-RD to be made in most cases: (1) a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, (2) storiform-type fibrosis, and (3) obliterative phlebitis. Elevated numbers of IgG4-positive plasma cells are essential for the diagnosis, but this feature is not sufficient in, and of, itself. IgG4-positive plasma cells are also seen in a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. An elevated IgG4 to IgG ratio, more than 40%, improves the specificity of this stain. A wide range of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-related vasculitis, chronic infections, mesenchymal neoplasms, carcinoma, and lymphoma should be excluded before arriving at a diagnosis of IgG4-RD. This review aims to provide the histopathologist with a set of practical guidelines for the diagnosis of IgG4-RD, and also addresses the many controversies associated with the diagnostic aspects of this disease.
Frictional strength of cuttings and core from SAFOD drillhole phases 1 and 2

[1] We investigated the frictional properties of drill cuttings and core obtained from 1.85–3.1 km true vertical depth in the SAFOD scientific borehole in central California. Triaxial frictional sliding experiments were conducted on samples from primary lithologic units and significant shear zones, including the inferred active trace of the San Andreas fault. The samples were deformed at room temperature under constant effective normal stresses of 10, 40, and 80 MPa with axial shortening rates of 0.01–1.0 μm s−1. The weakest samples were from shale, claystone, and siltstone units with friction coefficient μ = 0.4–0.55. Stronger samples were from quartzo-feldspathic rocks with μ ≥ 0.6. Materials tested from two shear zones at 2560 and 3067 m measured depth had μ = 0.4–0.55 and velocity strengthening behavior consistent with fault creep at depths <4 km. The coefficient of friction for bulk samples from the inferred trace of the San Andreas fault was ∼0.6.
Extracting and Labeling Boundary Segments in Natural Scenes

This paper describes a set of algorithms used to perform segmentation of natural scenes through boundary analysis. The techniques include preprocessing, differentiation using a very simple operator, relaxation using case analysis, and postprocessing. The system extracts line segments as connected sets of edges, labels them, and computes features for them such as length and confidence.
Endogenous galanin modulates the gonadotropin and prolactin proestrous surges in the rat.

Galanin (GAL) has recently emerged as an important neuroendocrine regulator which participates in the control of several pituitary and hypothalamic hormones. Our earlier observation that GAL stimulates LHRH release from nerve terminals of the median eminence as well as basal LH and LHRH-induced LH secretion from pituitary cells in vitro prompted us to evaluate whether endogenous GAL plays a role in regulation of the physiologically occurring preovulatory surges of gonadotropins and PRL. Proestrous female rats were passively immunized against GAL using a high affinity sheep antirat GAL serum (FMS-FJL 17-5). Animals were implanted during diestrus with indwelling atrial cannulae. On the expected day of proestrus, rats received 1 ml of either normal sheep serum or GAL antiserum (GAL-AS), iv, 1 h before blood sampling started. Blood samples (0.5 ml) were collected at hourly intervals from 1400-2300 h, and plasma levels of LH, FSH, and PRL measured by RIA. At several time intervals after GAL-AS administration, ...
Production of protoplasts from cultures of Ophiostoma picea

A method is described for producing viable protoplasts from germinating conidia (germlings) of Ophiostoma picea. The use of MgSO4-based osmotic stabilizers significantly improved protoplast release, as did the use of 20-h-old germlings. Protoplast release rates also increased with higher enzyme concentration and incubation times, but there were associated negative effects, including reduced regeneration. The results indicate that the use of young germlings, low lytic enzyme levels, and short exposure periods produced the most viable protoplasts.
Family and Consumer Sciences Theses and Dissertations: 2004 Graduate Research Productivity

Family and consumer sciences higher education units reported nearly 100 more titles in 2004 than in 2003. The greatest increase was in dissertations. Tables delineate the universities' productivity and the subject matter categories of the 371 theses and dissertations. Implications suggest individual, research, and professional opportunities.
Paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with head and neck cancer

Paraneoplastic syndromes are distinct physiological disorders of malignancy that occur remote from a tumor site. A review of a number of paraneoplastic syndromes occurring in patients with head and neck cancer has been discussed. These syndromes can produce life-threatening sequelae in the patient with cancer. Understanding these syndromes may provide important clinical information to assist in the early detection of occult malignancy and in reducing the occurrence of tumor-associated morbidity.
Modeling hydrogen isotope behavior in fusion plasma-facing components

In this work, we focus on understanding hydrogen isotope retention in plasma-facing materials in fusion devices. Three common simulation methods are usually used to study this problem that includes Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics, and numerical/analytical methods. A system of partial differential equations describing deuterium behavior in tungsten under various conditions is solved numerically to explain recent data compared to other methods. The developed model of hydrogen retention in metals includes classic, intercrystalline and trapped-induced Gorsky effects. The bombardment and depth profile of 200 eV deuterium in single crystal tungsten are simulated and compared with recent work. The total deuterium retention at various temperatures and fluences are also calculated and compared with available data. The results are in reasonable agreement with data and therefore, this model can be used to estimate deuterium inventory and recovery in future fusion devices.
Cisapride-induced long QT interval

Abstract A 2-month-old infant with gastroesophageal reflux was treated with cisapride. Bradycardia developed and an electrocardiogram revealed 2:1 atrioventricular conduction and a prolonged QT interval. After cessation of cisapride therapy, both the rhythm and the QT interval returned to normal. Prolonged QT interval during treatment with cisapride may occur in children as in adults. (J P EDIATR 1996;128:279-81)
Raman spectra of the rare earth orthophosphates

Raman spectra of anhydrous crystalline samples of all of the lanthanide orthophosphates (with the exception of PmP04) have been obtained. These data were interpreted in a systematic manner based on the known structures of these compounds. Assignments and correlations have been made for many of the observed bands. Accordingly, a series of investigations of the chemical and physical properties of the lanthanide (and related) orthophosphates is currently in progress. Single crystals of all of the lanthanide orthophosphates (except PmP0,) doped with small amounts of Gd3+ were prepared for the initial purpose of performing a series of electron paramagnetic resonance experiments. The availability of these samples made it possible to carry out a study of the Raman spectra for essentially the entire series of rare-earth orthophosphates. This study was directed toward the following objectives. First, baseline spectra were to be established that could be used as a basis of comparison with subsequent lanthanide orthophosphate crystals that would be doped with @-active actinides and, consequently, would be subjected to heavy-particle radiation damage. Second, a classification and correlation of the Raman spectra of the entire group of rare earth orthophosphates was desired. Yttrium orthophosphate was included in the present investigation because its properties are known to correlate well with those of the orthophosphates of the second half of the rare-earth series (i.e. TbP04 through LuP04) and also because YP04 is the analog of the natural mineral xenotime. In addition, a consider- able literature exists on the properties of YP04 that can be used for the purposes of verification and comparison with the lanthanide compounds. The lanthanide orthophosphates can be conveniently divided into two groups on the basis of the prevalent crystal structural form. The first group has the mono- clinic 'monazite' structure and consists of LaP04 through GdP04. The second group has the zircon struc- ture and consists of TbP04 through LuP04. Both YP04 and ScP04 also crystallize with the zircon structure and can be grouped with the orthophosphates formed by EXPERIMENTAL ~~~~ ~ ~
Quantitative immunocytochemical evaluation of serotonergic innervation in alcoholic rat brain

Abstract Neurotoxicity can be divided into three levels: depletion, degeneration and denervation. The first level is determined by the transmitter content, and the second and third levels, which require anatomical evaluation, can be analyzed by quantitative immunocytochemistry on a specific neurotransmitter system. An antibody specific to serotonin (5-HT) can reveal detailed normal as well as degenerative morphology of 5-HT neurons. Quantitative alterations of 5-HT fibers in a particular brain region indicate degenerative or plastic changes. This study demonstrates quantitative immunocytochemistry by using image analysis of immunostained 5-HT fibers in selectively-bred, alcohol-preferring and nonpreferring rats, which are known to have divergent drinking behaviors, and 5-HT contents in specific brain regions. The method of the image analysis is described in detail and the advantages and disadvantages of using this method to detect the degeneration of a particular fiber system are discussed. The ‘area density’ traditionally measured in image analysis was converted (with Zhou-Tam formula) into ‘volume density’ to correct the mismeasurement of fibers through the optical depth. Quantitative immunostaining shows that the difference in 5-HT fiber density in particular brain regions between the two rat lines is consistent with changes in content of the 5HT/5-HIAA and hypersensitivity of 5-HTI a receptor. This result indicates either (a) the 5-HT content is too low to be detected in the nerve terminals; (b) degeneration of 5-HT fibers occurs in P rats sometime during development; or (c) a smaller number of 5-HT fibers was preprogrammed in the brain regions of P than NP rats. Further confirmation is required to determine the degeneration/denervation, and additional evidence provided through non-transmitter markers is discussed.
Time: A silent partner for public speakers

This paper illuminates a nonverbal dimension of public speaking: time. In this sense time has four aspects: order, cycle, depth, and rhythm. The specific ways time is thus used in communication are demonstrated. If used properly, these aspects of time blend into an effective communication tool, allowing for more meaningful message sharing between speaker and listener.