cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Objective Assessment of Facial Rejuvenation After Massive Weight Loss.

While the literature is replete with articles about body contouring after bariatric surgery, little information exists regarding the outcomes of facelift following massive weight loss (MWL). A case report and a technique article are the only sources available addressing this issue. This pilot study objectively examines the effects of MWL in the cervicofacial region and results after facelift. A retrospective review of seven patients who underwent facelift after MWL (>100 pounds) was performed. Patient’s change in appearance was objectively evaluated using an apparent age model. Forty blinded reviewers assessed pre- and postoperative photographs of seven MWL and eleven non-MWL female patients. The reviewers estimated the apparent age for each subject. Reduction in apparent age was calculated by comparing patient’s apparent age against actual age. The preoperative apparent age of MWL patients was 5.1 years older than their actual age (p 0.05); suggesting MWL patients appear older than their actual age. Post-operatively, the apparent age reduction in MWL patients was 6.0 years; and their apparent age after surgery was 0.9 year less than their actual age (p > 0.05). In contrast, the control group exhibited an apparent age reduction of 5.4 years and a postoperative apparent age 4.2 years younger than their actual age (p 0.05). Age, BMI, and follow-up were similar between groups (p > 0.05). MWL may accelerate apparent cervicofacial aging. Facelift following MWL enhances cervicofacial appearance and significantly reduces apparent age. We hope this study stimulates further interest in the study of facial esthetics in this increasing population. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
The validity of proxy-based data in suicide research: a study of patients 50 years of age and older who attempted suicide. II. Life events, social support and suicidal behavior.

Objective: To investigate the validity of proxy respondent reports of stressful life events, social support and suicidal behavior among individuals who attempted suicide. Method: Subjects were 80 psychiatric in-patients admitted following a suicide attempt. Data based on structured interviews with proxy respondents were compared with data based on interviews with subjects (gold standard). Results: Specificity was higher than sensitivity across life event categories, and agreement was substantial for public and observable events (e.g. parent's death) but lower for more ambiguous events. Proxies were good judges of subject reports of frequency of social interaction but not perceived emotional support. Proxies were good judges of past history of suicide attempts and level of suicidal intent. Conclusion: Results support proxy-based data on suicidal behavior and certain aspects of social support and stressful life events in research of suicidal behavior in this age group, with potential implications for interpreting postmortem research of completed suicide.
The Assessment of the Antibiotic Growth Response in the Chick

Abstract COATES et al. (1951COATES et al. (1953) reported that chicks responded to antibiotics only when they were housed in old quarters. It has been our experience that under clean laboratory conditions the response of chicks to antibiotics was not consistent. Thus, we deliberately introduced contamination in the form of raw hen feces in the diet in order to obtain consistent antibiotic response in the chick. The purpose of these studies was to develop a method for the measurement of the antibiotic growth effect in the chick suitable for use in the laboratory and thereby to examine several compounds which possess structural or bactericidal similarity to certain antibiotics. EXPERIMENTAL Day-old crossbred Columbian X New Hampshire female chicks were employed. The chicks were housed in Petersime temperature-controlled batteries with raised wire floors. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Growth data were recorded at weekly intervals. The experiments were of four weeks’ duration. The …
Spin-spin cross relaxation and spin-Hamiltonian spectroscopy by optical pumping of Pr 3 + : LaF 3

We report the observation of an anticrossing in solid-state laser spectroscopy produced by cross relaxation. Spin-spin cross relaxation between the $^{141}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}$ and $^{19}\mathrm{spin}$ reservoirs in ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{LaF}}_{3}$ and its influence on the $^{141}\mathrm{Pr}$ NMR spectrum is detected by means of optical pumping. The technique employed combines optical pumping and hole burning with either external magnetic field sweep or rf resonance saturation in order to produce slow transient changes in resonant laser transmission. At a certain value of the external Zeeman field, where the energy-level splittings of Pr and F spins match, a level repulsion and discontinuity of the ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ NMR lines is observed. This effect is interpreted as the ``anticrossing'' of the combined Pr-F spin-spin reservoir energy states. The Zeeman-quadrupole-Hamiltonian spectrum of the hyperfine optical ground states of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{LaF}}_{3}$ is mapped out over a wide range of Zeeman magnetic fields. A new scheme is proposed for dynamic polarization of nuclei by means of optical pumping, based on resonant cross relaxation between rare spins and spin reservoirs.
Yeast LEU5 is a PET-like gene that is not essential for leucine biosynthesis.

Alpha-IPM synthase catalyzes the first committed step in leucine biosynthesis in the yeast S. cerevisiae. LEU4 is known to encode this enzyme activity. A second gene, LEU5, has been proposed to encode a second enzyme with this activity.
Counter hack: Creating a context for a cyber forensics course

A typical hacker follows the ldquohacker methodologyrdquo by going through the following distinct phases: Footprinting, Probing, Gaining Access, Escalating Privileges, Exploiting, Covering Tracks and Installing Backdoors. This hacker methodology is used to direct the overall forensic process. Many of these phases leave artifacts that can be examined by a forensic investigator to piece together an incident. We designed a cyber forensic course that begins with a background of computer media and file systems, and then looks at static files, network logs and volatile system data. Students who understand how a typical hacker operates will be able to discover appropriate clues, and may even be able to prevent future destruction or disruption.
Nonflammable gas mixtures for streamer tubes

Abstract Tests with streamer tubes of small cross section (Frascati type) were performed using gas mixtures of isobutane, CO 2 , and small amounts of either Ne or Ar. The flammabilities of the various mixtures were experimentally determined. The operating characteristics of the streamer tubes with such mixtures were studied. It was found that the nonflammable mixture whose isobutane: Ne: CO 2 ratio is 10:2:88 gave an efficiency plateau of about 400 V with a midpoint at 4.9 kV.
Heat Transfer in Triangular Microchannels

A numerical heat transfer solution is compared with an analytical solution for a microchannel flow. The analytical derivation is based upon the porous material assumption as put forth by various investigators. While extensive work exists for the rectangular microchannel cross sectional area, other cross sections have not received the same attention. It is the intent of this paper to investigate the applicability of the porous material assumption to a triangular “saw tooth” cross section microchannel with respect to heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. The results are presented in nondimensionalized form applicable to any fluid and geometric aspect ratio combination presented herein.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A theoretical and experimental determination of vestibular dynamics in caloric stimulation

A biophysical model was established for predicting the temperature at the horizontal semicircular canal and the horizontal slowphase velocity (SPV) in response to water or air irrigations of various flow rates and time varying temperatures. This model considered the thermal characteristics and blood flows of the skin and temporal bone. Long-term caloric stimulation with air at 101/min was performed on 16 healthy subjects using step input and pseudo-random temperature variations. The results were in agreement with the predicted static and dynamic SPV responses. The model predictions were also correct in the case of water irrigations performed by other investigations with respect to SPV and the temperatures measured at the semicircular canal. An association of higher responses with lower response time as postulated by the model, was confirmed by the experimental results, and was thought to be due to vasomotor changes in the skin. The most important model parameters were the length of the heat transmission path, the effective heat conductivity of the skin, and the blood flow and heat conductivity of the temporal bone, in addition to the flow rates and thermodynamic properties of the irrigation. These parameters should thus be considered in further caloric stimulation studies for a better understanding of the large variability in vestibular responses.
Hydrogen transfer steps in the catalytic hydrogenolysis of cyclohexane

Abstract The rate of the isotopic exchange reaction: cyclo-∗C6H12(g) + C6(g) → cyclo-C6H12(g) + ∗C6(g) (1) was studied over metal and metal oxide catalysts. C6 included: n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane. The catalysts tested were: Pt supported on acidified and nonacidified Al2O3, Cr2O3, Re-Cr2O3, Cr2O3-Al2O3 and Re-Al2O3,. The temperature range was 230 to 427 °C. The rate of reaction (1) was studied as a function of the ratio p c 6 p CHA in the range 3 × 10−2 to 1 × 102. Since the reaction steps underlying reaction (1) include hydrogen transfer and rearrangement of the molecular structure, the experimental results have been analyzed in terms of these steps and information on their rate and thermodynamic and stoichiometric characteristics has been derived. The analysis suggested a mechanism for the transfer step that is influenced by catalyst acidity and hydro-carbon structure. Models for the reactive surface layer in metal and metal oxide catalysts are put forward and employed to indicate possibilities for the active sites at the surface. The models are also useful to interpret the observed phenomena of inversion in surface reactivity as a function of gas-phase composition. Finally, the experimental results and theoretical deductions are viewed in the framework of present information on the hydrogenolysis of cycloalkanes and isomerization of C6 paraffins. The advantages of reaction (1) for fundamental studies on the hydroconversion of cycloalkanes are pointed out.
Apologizing for the past for a better future: collective apologies in the United States, Australia, and Canada

This article examines the rhetorical phenomenon of collective apology. Specifically, collective apologies issued by American President Bill Clinton, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, and Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper were analyzed inductively to determine the purposes and strategies that make up these speeches. This inductive approach reveals that the purpose of collective apologies is to repair relationships damaged by historical wrongdoing. Moreover, it is found that rhetors use the rhetorical strategies of remembrance, mortification, and corrective action. Ultimately, this research lays the groundwork for collective apology to be considered a distinct rhetorical genre.
Polarity and the complexity of the shooting experiment

We exhibit a polar relationship between two measures that have been proposed to evaluate the importance of TSP facets, the Kuhn-Gomory shooting experiment size and the probability of integrality in an augmented LP relaxation. The polarity establishes the complexity of performing the shooting experiment. We illustrate the resulting relationship on the Chinese postman and minimum spanning set problems.
U.S. Arts and Cultural Diplomacy: Post-Cold War Decline and the Twenty-First Century Debate

Within the last years, the U.S. government significantly cut funding for cultural and arts diplomacy. While arts exchanges constitute a core component of public diplomacy in many countries, recently, the U.S. arts diplomacy has not been carried out properly by the government, nor by private or public sectors. Although the international image of the U.S. has shattered, the public is reluctant to urge the government to take a lead in arts diplomacy again. A unique perception of arts in American society, prevalence of democratic and “free market” principles, and dominance of international cultural trade policy keep the debate about the governmental role in arts diplomacy in progress.
Serological tracers of meiofaunal food webs

Serological methods utilizing taxon-specific antibodies were used to identify trophic connections in a salt marsh of South Carolina (U. S. A.). The incorporation of meiofauna within the benthic invertebrate food web was detected with these methods when microscopial examinations of predator stomachs revealed nothing but amorphous material and detritus. Measurements of soluble prey proteins in both predator guts and surficial sediments provided data to quantify the trophic connections. Difficulties with data interpretation limit the utility of serological methods for quantifying predation in the field.
Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression

Subacromial impingement is a common cause of shoulder pain initiated by abnormal compression between the rotator cuff tendons and the undersurface of the acromion. This compression leads to an inflammatory response within the subacromial space, which manifests as anterolateral arm pain that increases with overhead activity. Nearly all cases of subacromial impingement should be managed conservatively with interventions including physical therapy, activity modification, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, and corticosteroid injections. Surgical intervention, either through open or arthroscopic approaches, may be indicated in patients who fail a 3- to 6-month course of nonsurgical management. The arthroscopic approach to subacromial decompression provides adequate visualization and access to the acromial undersurface, and its advantages over an open approach include deltoid preservation, decreased blood loss, lower levels of postoperative pain, and faster recovery.
Ultrathick Photoresist Processing

Diazo-type positive photoresists are commonly used for pattern replication by the integrated circuit industry in a thickness range ≈ O.3-3μm. We are using these same resists at thicknesses as great as 40 μm to form electroplating molds for the fabrication of micro-Fresnel zone plates. Difficulties are encountered when films thicker than l5-18μm are used for pattern replication. Most significant of these difficulties are: i) the occurance of bulk microfractures throughout the resist volume, ii) loss of UV sensitivity, and iii) sidewall taper in high aspect ratio structures. These difficulties, with the exception of the sidewall taper, can be overcome with appropriate resist processing schedules.
Peptide stimulation of phagocytosis in Amoeba proteus

The tripeptide n-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (NFMLP) at low levels (10−9 M) localized in a glass micropipette elicits a positive chemotactic response in Amoeba proteus. Peptide in solution at higher concentrations (10−5 M) stimulates food vacuole formation. Vacuoles induced by NFMLP result from the fusion of pseudopods which, in turn, entrap a portion of the external medium. Food vacuole formation stimulated by NFMLP is dependent on the concentration of calcium in the external medium. The binding of NFMLP to the amoeba surface may bring about a movement of calcium into the cell which can be inhibited with calcium-channel blockers.
Therapeutic Interventions for Foster Children: A Systematic Research Synthesis:

Approximately 30% of children in foster care have severe emotional, behavioral, or developmental problems. A systematic research synthesis of empirical studies was conducted in an attempt to identi...
Computationally simple, analytic, closed form solution of the Coulomb self-interaction problem in Kohn–Sham density functional theory

Abstract We have developed and tested in terms of atomic calculations an exact, analytic and computationally simple procedure for determining the functional derivative of the exchange energy with respect to the density in the implementation of the Kohn–Sham formulation of density functional theory (KS-DFT), providing an analytic, closed-form solution of the self-interaction problem in KS-DFT. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method through ground-state calculations of the exchange potential and energy for atomic He and Be atoms, and comparisons with experiment and the results obtained within the optimized effective potential (OEP) method.
Optimal-control approach to field-free three-dimensional alignment of polyatomic molecules

We introduce an optimal control approach that is capable of yielding the best achievable field-free three-dimensional (3-D) alignment in an arbitrary molecule. Our analysis provides the optimal route to the best aligned state along with interesting insights into the 3-D alignment dynamics of polyatomic systems.
Integrated Optoelectronics Using Thin Film Epitaxial Liftoff Materials and Devices

The separation of single crystal thin film epitaxial compound semiconductor layers from a lattice matched growth substrate through selective etching, with subsequent bonding of the epitaxial thin film devices onto host substrates, is an emerging tool for multi-material, hybrid integration. Progress to date in this area, presented herein, includes advanced thin film devices, thin film material separation and device integration processing techniques, and thin film material and device integration with host substrates which include silicon circuitry, polymers, glass, and lithium niobate.
SEISMIC SURVEY ACTIVITY AND THE PROXIMITY OF SATELLITE-TAGGED SPERM WHALES PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO

(2008). SEISMIC SURVEY ACTIVITY AND THE PROXIMITY OF SATELLITE-TAGGED SPERM WHALES PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO. Bioacoustics: Vol. 17, No. 1-3, pp. 191-193.
Joint degeneration following meniscal allograft transplantation in a canine model: mechanical properties and semiquantitative histology of articular cartilage.

This study examined the hypothesis that meniscal allograft transplantation serves a "chondroprotective" role and prevents the histological and biomechanical changes of the articular cartilage following meniscectomy. Skeletally mature mongrel dogs underwent total medial meniscectomy and received either a fresh meniscal allograft (n=10) or no further treatment (n=10). Semiquantitative histology and biomechanical analysis of the femoral articular cartilage was used to assess cartilage pathology 12 weeks following surgery. Histological analysis showed significant changes in cartilage structure that did not differ between the meniscectomy and allograft transplantation groups. Similarly, the tensile modulus of the surface zone cartilage was significantly lower than that in unoperated controls following either meniscectomy or allograft transplantation. A significant correlation was observed between the biomechanical and histological changes, suggesting that degenerative changes in cartilage structure and mechanical function are interrelated. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that meniscal allograft transplantation provides chondroprotection of the femoral condyle and also suggest that it does not lead to increased degenerative changes.
Evidence That Ames Dwarf Mice Age Differently From Their Normal Siblings in Behavioral and Learning and Memory Parameters

There is strong evidence supporting the deleterious effects of aging on learning and memory and behavioral parameters in normal mice. However, little is known about the Ames dwarf mouse, which has a Prop-1 gene mutation resulting in deficiencies in growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin. These mice are much smaller and live significantly longer than their normal siblings. Using the elevated plus-maze, locomotor activity meters, and an inhibitory avoidance learning task, the present study compared Ames dwarf mice to their normal siblings. Results showed that Ames dwarf mice did not experience an age-related decline in locomotor activity when compared to their young counterparts. Furthermore, old dwarf mice did not differ from the young groups in inhibitory avoidance retention, while old normal animals performed more poorly than both young groups on this test. Elevated plus-maze behavior did not differ in the old normal versus dwarf groups, but the old groups did differ from the young. Results indicate that both old groups experienced a significant decline in anxiety with age. Taken together, these results indicate that multiple hormone deficiencies resulting from a lack of primary pituitary function have beneficial effects on cognitive function and locomotor behavior in advanced age. In fact, the Ames dwarf mouse may provide a model for studies of delayed mental as well as physical aging.
Origin of D-amino-acids in microbial peptides: rule of alpha-epimerization.

RECENT surveys1–3 of the structural relationships of peptide antibiotics and other peptides of microbial origin have revealed that the biosynthesis of these compounds differs1,2 from that of proteins and does not involve the nucleic acid based genetic code. Some contrary evidence, the isolation of a messenger-RNA for synthesis of gramicidin S, has been withdrawn4. Nevertheless, some common features between proteins and microbial peptides can also be recognized. Such a common feature could be that both originate from amino-acids of the L-configuration5,6. Indeed, we have evidence that the D-amino-acid residues are derived from L-amino-acids.
A Sexy Spin on Nonrandom Chromosome Segregation

Nonrandom chromosome segregation is an intriguing phenomenon linked to certain asymmetric stem cell divisions. In a recent report in Nature, Yadlapalli and Yamashita (2013) observe nonrandom segregation of X and Y chromosomes in Drosophila germline stem cells and shed light on the complex mechanisms of this fascinating process.
Out-of-phase Boundary (OPB) Nucleation in Layered Oxides

Out-of-phase boundaries (OPBs), planar faults between regions of a crystal that are misaligned by a fraction of a unit cell dimension, occur frequently in materials of high structural anisotropy. Rarely observed in the bulk, OPBs frequently exist in epitaxial films of layered complex oxides, such as YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- δ -type, Aurivillius, and Ruddlesden-Popper phases, and frequently propagate through the entire thickness of a film, due to their large offset and the improbability of opposite-sign OPB annihilation. OPBs have previously been demonstrated to have a significant impact upon properties, so it is important to understand their generation. These faults arise through the same few mechanisms in the various layered complex oxides. An effort is made to unify the discussion of nucleation of these defects, common to layered oxide materials. OPBs can nucleate at the film-substrate interface (primary) via steric, chemical, or misfit mechanisms, or post-growth (secondary) through crystallographic shear during decomposition of volatile components. Examples of the mechanisms observed during highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) study of Aurivillius and RuddlesdenPopper phases are presented. A method for estimating the relative OPB density in a film from correlation of x-ray diffraction (XRD) θ-2θ data with TEM information on OPBs is presented.
Electron microscopic cytochemical correlates of histofluorescence.

Abstract The biogenic amines, norepinephrine and dopamine, have been localized electron microscopically in the substantia nigra, pineal body, adrenal medulla and stellate ganglion of squirrel monkeys. The method of localization has been by the use of a specific cytochemical technique, utilizing a chromium (Cr) complex with an isoquiniline derivative formed by the reaction of the unsubstituted biogenic amine with glutaraldehyde. The final reaction product, i.e., amine-glutaraldehyde-Cr, has been identified using energy dispersive X-ray analysis and the positive Cr reactive sites have been correlated with light microscopy conducted by using glyoxylic acid histofluorence. All tissues were taken from squirrel monkeys which had either been perfused with the fixative or had been perfused with an F-12 buffer prior to fixation and/or histochemical treatment. The best results were obtained from the F-12 perfusion followed by tissue being taken through the various histochemical-cytochemical procedures. The electron microscopic localization of deposits shows significantly large structures containing the Cr positive amine material. These large deposits have not heretofore been described and correlate well in size and location with what is seen with histofluorescence. This electron microscopic technique should lead to further advances in the study of biogenic amines in nervous tissue when fine structural localization, plus well preserved morphology, are essential.
Hourglass control in linear and nonlinear problems

Abstract Mesh stabilization techniques for controlling the hourglass modes in under-integrated hexahedral and quadrilateral elements are described. It is shown that the orthogonal hourglass techniques previously developed can be obtained from simple requirements that insure the consistency of the finite element equations in the sense that the gradients of linear fields are evaluated correctly. It is also shown that this leads to an hourglass control that satisfies the patch test. The nature of the parameters which relate the generalized stresses and strains for controlling hourglass modes is examined by means of a mixed variational principle and some guidelines for their selection are discussed. Finally, effective means of implementing these hourglass procedure in computer codes are described. Applications to both the Laplace equation and the equations of solid mechanics in 2 and 3 dimensions are considered.
Role of calcium ions in the stimulatory actions of luteinizing hormone in isolated ovarian cells: studies with divalent-cation ionophores.

Abstract The divalent-cation ionophores A23187 and ionomycin exert dose-dependent suppressive effects on the stimulatory actions of luteinizing hormone in ovarian cells in vitro . Micromolar concentrations of both A23187 and ionomycin can inhibit the production of progesterone and the stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity. Inhibitory concentrations of these ionophores deplete total cell content of calcium, and also seem to suppress protein synthesis.
NMDA receptor antagonism, but not AMPA receptor antagonism attenuates induced ischaemic tolerance in the gerbil hippocampus

Recent studies have shown that a brief 'pre-conditioning' ischaemic insult reduces the hippocampal cell death caused by a subsequent more severe test insult. In the present studies, we have examined the effects of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist ((5R,10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5, 10-imine, MK-801) a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, LY202157, AMPA receptor antagonist ((3S,4aR,6R,8aR)-6-[2-(1(2)H-tetrazole-5-yl)]decahydroiso quinoline-3-carboxylic acid, LY293558), a non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist ((-)-1-(4-amino-phenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-4,5-dihydro-3-acetyl -2,3-benzodiazepine, LY300164), and a mixed NMDA/AMPA receptor antagonist, LY246492, in a gerbil model of ischaemic tolerance. Ischaemic tolerance was induced by subjecting gerbils to a 2-min 'pre-conditioning' ischaemia (bilateral carotid occlusion) 2 days prior to a 3-min test ischaemia. The effects of MK-801 (2 mg/kg i.p.), LY293558 (20 mg/kg i.p., followed by 4 x 10 mg/kg at 3 h intervals), LY300164 (4 x 10 mg/kg i.p. at 1 h intervals), LY246492 (40 mg/kg i.p., followed by 4 x 20 mg/kg i.p. at 3 h intervals) and LY202157 (30 mg/kg i.p., followed by 4 x 15 mg/kg i.p. at 2 h intervals) were then examined in this model. Initial dosing commenced 30 min prior to the 2-min 'pre-conditioning' ischaemia. Results indicated that a 2-min 'pre-conditioning' ischaemia produced ischaemic tolerance in all cases. The non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, produced a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in the induced tolerance, while the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, LY202157, also attenuated (P < 0.05) the induction of tolerance. In contrast, two AMPA receptor antagonists (LY293558 and LY300164) and a mixed NMDA/AMPA receptor antagonist (LY246492) had no effect on the induction of tolerance. These results suggest that NMDA receptor activation, but not AMPA receptor activation is involved in the phenomenon of ischaemic tolerance.
Exchange transfusion as treatment in poisoning.

Summary A description is given of 1 case of chloramine poisoning and 1 case of aniline poisoning, both in children whose lives were apparently saved by treatment with exchange transfusion. Sten Axteup: Deux cas d'empoisonnement traites par exsanguino-transfusion. On rapporte un cas d'empoisonnement par la chloramine et un cas par l'aniline, l'un et l'autre chez dos enfants ramenes apparemment a la vie par une exsanguino-transfusion. Sten Axtrup: Vergiftungsfalle behandelt mit Austausch-Transfusion. Es werden je 1 Fall von Chloramin- und Anilinvergiftung beschrieben. Das Leben beider Kinder wurde augenscheinlich gerettet durch die Behandlung mit Austausch-Transfusion. Sten Axtrup: Dos casos de envenenamiento tratados con ex-sanguino-transfusion. Se demuestra un caso de envenenamiento con cloramina, y otro con anilina, ambos en ninos que, al parecer, se han salvado por medio de la ex-sanguinotransfusion.
Application of the Spectral Methods of Microstructure Design to Continuous Fiber-reinforced Composites

A new mathematical framework called microstructure-sensitive design (MSD) has recently been developed to facilitate solutions to inverse problems in microstructure design, where the goal is to iden...
Heparin nebulization attenuates acute lung injury with sepsis after smoke inhalation in sheep.

Fibrin formation in the airway is a common occurrence with acute lung injury. Mucous plugging in the airway prevents alveoli expansion and may increase shunt blood flow. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heparin nebulization in acute lung injury (ALI) with sepsis or burn after smoke inhalation in sheep.
Geomorphic interpretation of low‐temperature thermochronologic data: Insights from two‐dimensional thermal modeling

[1] Low-temperature thermochronologic data are useful for estimating mountain erosion rates because late stage cooling in mountain ranges often reflects exhumation via geomorphic erosion processes. Traditional interpretations of thermochronologic data assume steady, uniform erosion, conditions often violated in real mountain ranges. Here I examine whether unsteady or nonuniform erosion histories are detectable in patterns of erosion rate estimates made by traditional means. To do so, I numerically model the subsurface temperature field in a two-dimensional section of Earth's crust under various illustrative geomorphic scenarios. I generate simulated cooling ages within two isotopic systems, apatite fission track (FT) and (U-Th)/He, (He) at two landscape locations, ridge tops and valley bottoms. From these ages I make “field estimates” of erosion rates using the commonly employed elevation dependence and mineral pair methods. Calculations show that if errors on erosion rate estimates are kept small by replicate or transect sampling, many unsteady or nonuniform erosional histories do produce distinctive patterns of erosion rate estimates. For example, temporally increasing erosion rates produce poor agreement between erosion rate estimates made with a single method, while decreasing erosion rate produces good agreement between estimates made with a single method. Nonuniform erosion that decreases relief can produce erroneously high erosion rate estimates based on the elevation dependence method but also accurate and relatively precise mineral pair-based estimates. A history of decreasing relief can be distinguished from one of steady, uniform erosion by (1) close agreement between mineral pair estimates and poor agreement between elevation dependence estimates and (2) the magnitude of the difference between FT and He ages. The insights gleaned from these analyses can guide forward modeling of topographic and thermal evolution.
Update on Bladder Evaluation Recommendations and Bladder Management Guideline in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Improvements in bladder evaluation and management following spinal cord injury have resulted in a significant decline in morbidity and mortality from urologic causes. Several bladder evaluation protocols and types of urologic management have evolved. Expert opinion and guidelines regarding these evaluation and management programs have been lacking. This paper presents highlights of two documents on these topics. The first is an expert opinion paper on urologic evaluation in spinal cord injury and the second is a recent clinical guideline on bladder management. Bladder managements that were evaluated include intermittent catheterization, the Crede and Valsalva maneuvers, indwelling catheterization (urethral and suprapubic), reflex voiding (facilitated using α-blockers, botulinum toxin, stents, sphincterotomy), neurostimulation, and urinary diversions. The panel members concluded that the different management programs have distinct advantages and disadvantages.
Scheduling single-machine problems for on-time delivery

This paper presents several heuristics for the single-machine scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the number of tardy jobs for the single due-date case and the number of early/tardy (E/T) jobs for the due-date window case. Insights from the Moore/Hodgson Algorithm are used to develop a general algorithmic approach (GAA) that performs significantly better than dispatching rules for a large class of single due-date problems. A backward scheduling procedure based on a modification of this approach is developed and shown to also yield excellent results for a general class of E/T problems. Several optimal properties derived for these problems along with experimental results are included.
Toward an effective treatment system for adolescents with substance use disorders: The role of the states

Abstract A 2002 national expert panel found that the treatment system for adolescents with substance use disorders was inadequate and underdeveloped. The panel recommended immediate improvement in five areas: youth-serving agency collaboration, treatment system financing, workforce development, the implementation of evidence-based practices, and family involvement in all aspects of treatment. In 2004, the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), designed the State Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Coordination Grant program (SAC) and implemented it in 2005 to address the critical need in the field. This paper reviews the adolescent substance use disorders treatment system, discusses selected drivers for change and the design of the SAC grant program, and summarizes some of the program's results. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis document that substantive systems development occurred within each of the sixteen grantees and that federal–state partnerships are useful in creating systemic change.
Fibroblast aging: intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Age-related changes and environmental stresses affect all of the cellular elements in the skin, but changes that occur in stromal fibroblasts are particularly important, because it is these cells that maintain the connective tissue of the skin. From the standpoint of maintaining connective tissue, the most important phenotypic changes include a progressive increase in connective tissue damage, mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a reduction in new collagen synthesis. Intrinsic changes in the aged fibroblast as well as exposure to environmental insults (e.g. ultraviolet radiation) alter the intracellular signaling events that regulate both collagen synthesis and MMP elaboration. Furthermore, as the connective tissue becomes progressively damaged, it eventually becomes a stimulator of reduced fibroblast synthetic function. The result is a downward spiral that ends, if not checked, in the cosmetic and medical consequences that define aged skin.
Confirmation of quantitative trait loci for ethanol sensitivity and neurotensin receptor density in crosses derived from the inbred High and Low Alcohol Sensitive selectively bred rat lines

Genetically influenced alcohol sensitivity is thought to be an important risk factor for the development of alcoholism. An effective first step for identifying genes that mediate variation in alcohol sensitivity is through quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in model organisms. Fourteen provisional QTLs related to alcohol sensitivity were previously mapped in an F2 derived from the IHAS1 and ILAS1 rat lines. The objective of the current study was to confirm those QTLs in an independently derived F2 and in congenics that were bred for two of the loci. IHAS1 X ILAS1 F2 (n=450) were tested for alcohol-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR), blood ethanol concentration at regain of righting reflex (BECRR), sensitivity and acute tolerance on the Rotarod, and neurotensin receptor density (NTR1). Rats were genotyped at the 14 candidate loci and QTL mapping was conducted. Reciprocal congenic strains were bred for loci on chromosomes 2 and 5 and tested for LORR and BECRR. Four LORR QTLs were mapped at the suggestive or significant level (chromosomes 2, 5, 12, and 13). BECRR was mapped to chromosomes 5, 12, and 13 either in the original or current experiment. Results of the congenic experiment also support QTLs for LORR and BECRR on chromosomes 2 and 5. QTLs for NTR1 density and behavior on the Rotarod were not confirmed. QTL mapping in crosses derived from the IHAS1 and ILAS1 has successfully identified loci related to alcohol sensitivity. Recombinant congenics are now being bred to more finely map the confirmed QTLs.
“We Put It in Terms of Not-Nice”: White Antiracists and Parenting

This qualitative study explored how White parents who identify as antiracist apply antiracism principles to parenting their White children. Participants discussed how they attempt to incorporate antiracism values into their parenting, their children’s racial awareness, and the impact of race and racism on their children. Our findings indicate significant inconsistencies between antiracist values and parenting practices. The main difference between antiracist White parents and nonantiracist-identified White parents was awareness. Although antiracist White parents overall conveyed an awareness of racism as a system of unearned privileges, there was minimal modeling of antiracist action.
Endogenous Species of Mammalian Nonmuscle Myosin IIA and IIB Include Activated Monomers and Heteropolymers

Summary Background Class II myosins generate contractile forces in cells by polymerizing into bipolar filaments and pulling on anchored actin filaments. Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) plays central roles during cell adhesion, migration, cytokinesis, and tissue morphogenesis. NMII is present in virtually all mammalian cell types as tissue-specific combinations of NMIIA, NMIIB, and NMIIC isoforms. It remains poorly understood how the highly dynamic NMII-actin contractile system begins to assemble at new cellular locations during cell migration and how incorporation of different NMII isoforms into this system is coordinated. Results Using platinum replica electron microscopy in combination with immunogold labeling, we demonstrate that individual activated (phosphorylated on the regulatory light chain and unfolded) NMIIA and NMIIB molecules represent a functional form of NMII in motile cells and that NMIIA and NMIIB copolymerize into nascent bipolar filaments during contractile system assembly. Using subdiffraction stimulated emission depletion microscopy together with a pharmacological block-and-release approach, we report that NMIIA and NMIIB simultaneously incorporate into the cytoskeleton during initiation of contractile system assembly, whereas the characteristic rearward shift of NMIIB relative to NMIIA is established later in the course of NMII turnover. Conclusions We show existence of activated NMII monomers in cells, copolymerization of endogenous NMIIA and NMIIB molecules, and contribution of both isoforms, rather than only NMIIA, to early stages of the contractile system assembly. These data change the current paradigms about dynamics and functions of NMII and provide new conceptual insights into the organization and dynamics of the ubiquitous cellular machinery for contraction that acts in multiple cellular contexts.
Minimally invasive approaches for the correction of adult spinal deformity

Introduction Spinal deformity surgery is historically associated with significant blood loss and medical complications. Minimally invasive deformity correction is a promising approach to spinal deformity surgery where deformity correction and fusion can be achieved with less tissue trauma, reduced blood loss and potentially less complications.
Clinical trials of sorbinil on nerve function

Three clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil in improving or preventing diabetic neural function have either been completed or are currently in progress. In the first study from Seattle and Chicago, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were evaluated in 39 insulin- and noninsulin-dependent, glycemic-stable diabetic patients in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. During the 9 weeks of treatment with 250 mg/d of sorbinil, there was a faster nerve conduction velocity of all 3 nerves tested when compared with the placebo period: peroneal motor NCV (+0.70 +/- 0.24 m/s; means +/- SEM; P less than 0.008), median motor NCV (+0.66 +/- 0.27 m/s; P less than 0.005), and median sensory NCV (+1.16 +/- 0.50 m/s; P less than 0.035). Conduction velocity for all 3 nerves declined significantly within 3 weeks following cessation of the drug. These effects of sorbinil were unrelated to glycemic control, which was constant during the study. Although the effects of sorbinil in improving nerve conduction velocity were small, the findings suggest that the polyol-pathway activity contributes to slowed nerve conduction velocity in diabetics. The second study is a seven-center, double-blind, randomized, 12-month trial of 210 to 280 diabetic patients with clinical signs, symptoms, and objective measurements of neuropathy. The trial has a common-core protocol with end-point evaluations of scored neural signs, symptoms, and neural measurements. Two unique neural tests were designed and validated for use in this trial: thermal and tactile perception thresholds of the fingers and toes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coherent multiphoton resonant excitation profiles: analytical applications

Abstract We demonstrate some novel features of three-photon resonant excitations of dipole-allowed transitions. Examples in Xe are demonstrated, and implications for analytical applications are described.
The Use of the Library

College and university libraries are primary aids to members of the teaching staffs and to graduate and undergraduate students inasmuch as they provide material for classroom use and for research. The Rutgers University Library is no exception to this rule, and our endeavor has been to supply library material in the following order: (1) for undergraduate study, (2) for the private study of each member of the faculty, (3) for graduate work, (4) for general development of the Library. As a result of this policy, there has been built up at Rutgers a large and well grounded collection of material, not only useful to students and faculty of the University but to many other persons.
Interconvertibility of mouse DNA polymerase activities derived from the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Abstract Organelle-isolation experiments demonstrated the presence of distinct DNA polymerase activities in the nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial fractions of cells isolated from the mature mouse testis. Three activities were characterized and distinguished from each other by the following criteria: Activity B Activity C Activity D Cellular location Nucleus Cytoplasm Mitochondria pH optimum 8.6 9.0 7.8 Sedimentation coefficient 3.5 S 6–8 S 9–10 S Elution from DNA-cellulose at 0.75 M NaCl 0.65 M NaCl 0.37 M NaCl Elution from DEAE-cellulose at 0.07 M NaCl 0.16 M NaCl 0.24 M NaCl Most of the 6–8-S DNA polymerase activity was convertible by salt e.g. 0.125 M (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or 0.25 M NH 4 Cl or 0.25 M NaCl to a form that had a sedimentation coefficient of 3.5 S. This conversion was reversible by dialysis. No conversion was seen when the mitochondrial activity was treated identically. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 provided further evidence for the similarity between the salt-converted 6–8-S activity and the nuclear derived 3.5-S activity.
Isoperimetric comparison theorems for manifolds with density

We give several isoperimetric comparison theorems for manifolds with density, including a generalization of a comparison theorem from Bray and Morgan. We find for example that in the Euclidean plane with radial density exp(r α ) for α ≥ 2, discs about the origin minimize perimeter for given area, by comparison with Riemannian surfaces of revolution.
On the joint characterization of the distributions of the true income and the proportion of the reported income to the true income through a model of under-reported incomes

Abstract In this note, we assume that the reported income is related to the true income by the so-called ‘error-in-variables’ model, a model which assumes that the observed incomes are under-reported. In the context of this model, the distribution of the reported income suitably truncated below coincides with that of the true income, and suitable truncated above with that of the random proportion of the reported income to the true income if, and only if, the distribution of the true income is Pareto and that of the proportion is of the power function form.
Co-Cured Extension-Twist Coupled Damped Composite Strut:

A co-cured damped composite strut that uses the extension-shear coupling mechanism of off-angle composite material to enhance the damping performance of a viscoelastic damping material is presented. The damping material was placed between two graphite shells. Composite material replaced the damping material at each strut end. The inner shell contains plies oriented at a positive ply angle in the first half of the strut length and plies oriented at a negative ply angle in the second half. Due to the extension-shear coupling, the shell center section rotates when the strut undergoes extension deformation. The induced torque of each shell cancel each other so that there is a negligible net twist at each strut end. The outer shell plies are oriented in the opposite manner so that the outer shell center rotates in the opposite direction. The relative rotation at the strut center between the two shells places the damping material into shear, providing damping. Finite element analysis was used to determine optim...