cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental care in North American pediatric cardiac intensive care units: Survey of current practices

Background Developmental care practices across pediatric cardiac intensive care units (CICUs) have not previously been described. Purpose To characterize current developmental care practices in North American CICUs. Methods A 47-item online survey of developmental care practices was developed and sent to 35 dedicated pediatric CICUs. Staff members who were knowledgeable about developmental care practices in the CICU completed the survey. Findings/results Completed surveys were received from 28 CICUs (80% response rate). Eighty-nine percent reported targeted efforts to promote developmental care, but only 50% and 43% reported having a developmental care committee and holding developmental rounds, respectively. Many CICUs provide darkness for sleep (86%) and indirect lighting for alertness (71%), but fewer provide low levels of sound (43%), television restrictions (43%), or designated quiet times (21%). Attempts to cluster care (82%) and support self-soothing during difficult procedures (86%) were commonly reported, but parental involvement in these activities is not consistently encouraged. All CICUs engage in infant holding, but practices vary on the basis of medical status and only 46% have formal holding policies. Implications for practice Implementation of developmental care in the CICU requires a well-planned process to ensure successful adoption of practice changes, beginning with a strong commitment from leadership and a focus on staff education, family support, value of parents as the primary caregivers, and policies to increase consistency of practice. Implications for research Future studies should examine the short- and long-term effects of developmental care practices on infants born with congenital heart disease and cared for in a pediatric CICU.
Opening Labs and Cultivating Students' Abitities

It is a new pattern of cultivaing students' abilities that let students take part in the daily management of labs,prepare experiments and participate in research works.We have practiced this pattern for years in our institute of biotechnology,and have seen the great improvement of students' abilities.
Iron-restricted erythropoiesis as a limitation to autologous blood donation in the erythropoietin-stimulated bone marrow.

Abstract Recombinant human erythropoietin has been demonstrated to significantly increase autologous blood procurement. To determine the importance of dietary or prescribed iron absorption, we analyzed iron-restricted erythropoiesis in this setting. No differences were found when premenopausal placebo and erythropoletin treatment groups were compared for hematocrit changes, number of units donated, percentage of phlebotomies deferred, and total blood volume procured. Seven of 10 women who had not reached menopause donated more blood iron than the apparent amount of total mobilizable iron available, demonstrating that dietary or prescribed iron had to be absorbed to donate the amount of blood iron stored. Thus oral iron absorption can potentially be a limitation to erythropoiesis in the presence of erythropoiesis therapy in women who have not reached menopause. In contrast, none of 16 women who had reached menopause and only two of 21 men required oral absorption of dietary or prescribed iron for the amount of blood iron donated. We conclude that although oral iron supplementation may not be necessary in men and in women who have reached menopause, alternatives to oral ferrous salt supplementation could be tested to determine whether such alternatives would improve the response to erythropoiesis in premenopausal women.
Structural Conversions of Synthetic and Protein-Bound Iron–Sulfur Clusters

Synthetic iron–sulfur clusters of general formulation [FemSqLl]z with core atoms Fe and S and terminal ligands L constitute a family of molecular clusters with remarkably diverse geometrical and electronic structures. Several structure types are also found in proteins. The large majority of research on these clusters has involved elucidation of physical properties. Here, we direct attention to reactivity in the form of cluster conversions in which the FemSq cores of reactants are transformed to new structures, usually of different nuclearity, in overall reactions such as self-assembly and fragment condensation and dissociation. An extensive body of core conversions, many of which have not been recognized as such, are presented including those in biological systems. All structural core types are depicted, and all core conversions are diagrammatically summarized. Clusters containing the cubane-type Fe4S4 core play a central role in conversion chemistry. The core conversion concept tends to reinforce the des...
An Exploration of Collaboration over Time in Collective Crisis Response during the Haiti 2010 Earthquake.

In 2010, Haiti was struck by the worst natural disaster in 200 years. The work of first responders was helped by micro-blogging services and crisis mapping systems that were deployed for rescue missions. These systems provided the capability to reshape the crisis response by facilitating collective response through citizen reports, visualization and interactive mapping by (1) enabling crisis information from the voluntary online public to be disseminated speedily, (2) offering new insights into events happening in near real-time, and (3) assisting humanitarian efforts related to community recovery from crises. In this research-in-progress paper, we focus on a participatory and collaborative crisis mapping system known as Ushahidi. We explore how the Ushahidi mapping system was utilized for collaboration in collective crisis response. Second, we suggest that two dimensions of the information quality framework are paramount in such crises: uncertainty reduction and urgency. This paper therefore is a step toward understanding the interplay of information quality measures (urgency reduction and uncertainty) in collective crisis response situations. We also suggest implications for emergency responders to better manage voluntary online citizens by reducing uncertainty at the right time.
Novel Technologies in Bariatric Surgery

Obesity is a lifelong multifactorial disease, and very few therapies have demonstrated long-term efficacy. Among these therapies, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass remains to this day the gold standard with demonstrated long-term efficacy. Bariatric surgery however is only currently available for the most advanced stages of the disease. Novel therapies are needed to address the larger proportion of patients suffering from obesity. These novel therapies are constantly being developed, with varying success and have mostly focused on reducing the invasiveness compared do current surgical options. Since January 2015, the FDA has approved four novel devices to treat obesity. This article will review the current state of these novel surgical and endoscopic therapies.
Systematic review of patient education practices in weight loss surgery.

Abstract Background Education plays a key role in adherence to lifestyle modifications after weight loss surgery (WLS). Education given before and after surgery may decrease weight recidivism rates and improve outcomes. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze educational practices in bariatric centers. Methods The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health and PubMed databases were searched in May 2016 for English-language, peer-reviewed studies about WLS patient education practices from 1999 to 2016. Publications were: (1) rated with the Advancing Research and Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration levels of evidence hierarchy (see Melnyk's pryamid [http://guides.lib.umich.edu/c.php?g=282802&p=1888246]) and (2) analyzed according to surgical phase, curriculum, program delivery, and educator. Results Twenty-four publications met the study criteria. Evidence ratings for preoperative (n = 16) and postoperative studies (n = 8) were levels I to III (n = 5) and IV to VII (n = 17). Two publications were not ratable. Preoperative and postoperative education programs varied in curriculum, teaching methods, and educator. Topics varied in depth. Commonalities were surgical procedure, nutrition, activity, and psychosocial behaviors. Preoperative education was mostly provided in small groups, whereas individual sessions were used postoperatively. Lecture and discussion provided by myriad of healthcare experts from multiple disciplines were typical in both phases. Written or web-based aides supported learning needs in both phases. Conclusion WLS patient education varied by curriculum and dose and commonly used passive learning methods (e.g., traditional lecture style instruction with minimal engagement from learners). Results shared can inform future bariatric education programs and accreditation standard development (e.g., Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program patient education standards). Additional study is needed, but existing evidence can guide improvements in high-quality, cost-effective, and patient-centered educational programs.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms related to cystic fibrosis in chronic rhinositus-a pilot study.

Background The clinical association between cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is well known. Studies have identified several non-CF transmembrane conductance regulator single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with disease severity in CF patients. We hypothesized that prevalence of these SNPs would be different between CRS patients and age/gender-matched non-CRS controls. Methods This is a targeted SNP study of 1231 CRS patients identified through a large university hospital database who were compared with 8796 age- and gender-matched controls without a history of rhinitis, sinusitis, allergies, or asthma. Prevalence of 5 relevant SNPs was compared between groups, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Stratification by race and gender was performed among groups when statistically appropriate. Results CRS patients exhibited a statistically significant (p = 0.036) lower prevalence of rs12883884 (associated with an ion transporter) compared with controls. This association was lost when patients were stratified by race. CRS patients manifested a greater prevalence of rs1403543 (chromosome 23) in both Caucasian and African American subgroups (p = 0.036 and p = 0.026, respectively). Statistical significance disappeared among Caucasians when stratified by gender, but persisted among African American women (p = 0.047). rs12188164 and rs12793173 were both more prevalent in African Americans with CRS than controls (p = 0.042 and p = 0.020, respectively). A trend was also observed for decreased prevalence of rs12883884 in CRS patients compared with controls in the African American subgroup (p = 0.086). Conclusion The identified SNPs were differentially prevalent in CRS compared with control groups, with some variability as a function of race and gender. Further research is required to confirm these findings and elucidate clinical significance.
Design and simulation of origami structures with smooth folds

Origami has enabled new approaches to the fabrication and functionality of multiple structures. Current methods for origami design are restricted to the idealization of folds as creases of zeroth-order geometric continuity. Such an idealization is not proper for origami structures of non-negligible fold thickness or maximum curvature at the folds restricted by material limitations. For such structures, folds are not properly represented as creases but rather as bent regions of higher-order geometric continuity. Such fold regions of arbitrary order of continuity are termed as smooth folds. This paper presents a method for solving the following origami design problem: given a goal shape represented as a polygonal mesh (termed as the goal mesh), find the geometry of a single planar sheet, its pattern of smooth folds, and the history of folding motion allowing the sheet to approximate the goal mesh. The parametrization of the planar sheet and the constraints that allow for a valid pattern of smooth folds are presented. The method is tested against various goal meshes having diverse geometries. The results show that every determined sheet approximates its corresponding goal mesh in a known folded configuration having fold angles obtained from the geometry of the goal mesh.
Network analysis of a regional fishery: Implications for management of natural resources, and recruitment and retention of anglers

Abstract Angler groups and water-body types interact to create a complex social-ecological system. Network analysis could inform detailed mechanistic models on, and provide managers better information about, basic patterns of fishing activity. Differences in behavior and reservoir selection among angler groups in a regional fishery, the Salt Valley fishery in southeastern Nebraska, USA, were assessed using a combination of cluster and network analyses. The four angler groups assessed ranged from less active, unskilled anglers (group One) to highly active, very skilled anglers (group Four). Reservoir use patterns and the resulting network communities of these four angler groups differed; the number of reservoir communities for these groups ranged from two to three and appeared to be driven by reservoir location (group One), reservoir size and its associated attributes (groups Two and Four), or an interaction between reservoir size and location (group Three). Network analysis is a useful tool to describe differences in participation among angler groups within a regional fishery, and provides new insights about possible recruitment of anglers. For example, group One anglers fished reservoirs closer to home and had a greater probability of dropping out if local reservoir access were restricted.
Modeling cyber effects in cyber-physical systems with DEVS

Increased interconnectivity of Cyber-Physical Systems, by design or otherwise, increases the cyber attack surface and attack vectors. It is not always desirable to do cyber risk assessment of such interconnected systems by cyber attacks on the entire system. This paper presents a formal approach for simulating cyber effects for cyber risk assessment of subcomponents of such systems using a control component based on Discrete EVent System (DEVS) models. Our approach first separates components of a system that may be directly attacked, from components of the system whose behavior need to be studied for the impact originating from those attacks. The cyber attack effects are simulated through interception of communications among the separated components. We define the types of cyber effects, and show an example of how an attack may be simulated with a control component through a case study.
The emerging problem of diabetes in the seriously mentally ill.

Somatic illness is frequently associated with depression and anxiety and major depression significantly increases risk of severe medical conditions, e.g. cardiovascular illness. One of the most frequent comorbidities is that of depression and pain. Alterations in noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmissions in the central nervous system have been implicated in the joint pathophysiology of depression and chronic pain. Antidepressants, alone or in combination with psychotherapy, are an effective treatment option in such cases. The newer dual action antidepressants (milnacipran, venlafaxine, duloxetine) acting specifically on both noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems are presumably more reliable in pain management. So far, the most extensively studied drug has been duloxetine. Twelve randomized placebo-controlled trials with the total number of 4,108 patients suffering from pain associated with major depressive disorder suggested consistent analgesic efficacy of duloxetine, especially in fibromyalgia and peripheral neuropathic pain.
Mosque Involvement and Political Engagement in the United States

Confronted by a number of home-grown Islamic terrorist attacks, many Americans incorrectly assume that Muslim religiosity correlates with anti-American values and that the American mosque is the center of radical socialization efforts. This paper examines the nature of the relationship between mosque involvement and political engagement. It finds that mosque attendance is positively associated with political engagement only when the attendance engages congregants in ways beyond religious ritual. Attending mosque to pray does not significantly impact political identities or engagement like following politics, registering to vote, voting, or party membership, while participation in other social or religious activities at a mosque is associated with an increased probability of engagement. These results suggest that not all mosque involvement is equally beneficial for promoting political engagement and that religious participation must proactively engage with the social lives of the congregants to have a substantive political effect.
Assessing Child Welfare Agency Practices and Attitudes that Affect Father Engagement

The importance of fathers' involvement in their children's lives is irrefutable. Supportive, warm, and positive involvement of fathers leads to children being well-adjusted. Indeed, involved fathers positively influence their children's cognitive ability, social behavior, psychological well-being, and educational achievement. For children in foster care, when fathers are involved they have significantly shorter stays in foster care than those whose fathers are not involved. For parents to demonstrate fitness to parent they must show the successful completion of goals specified in a case plan that promotes safety and permanence of their child. This cross-sectional study investigated how fathers' perception of social workers' attitude and practice skills was associated with fathers' understanding and confidence with regard to completing the case plan goals. A purposive sample of 56 child welfare-involved fathers completed the Child Welfare Father Involvement Questionnaire. The findings indicated that the more positive fathers perceived social workers' attitude and skills, the greater their understanding about the case plan goals and greater confidence to complete case plan goals. The results were statistically significant. These results have implications for child welfare training to build the social worker-client relationship in a compassionate manner while maintaining a rigorous assessment and monitoring of fathers' parenting capabilities.
Quantitative analysis of cystine, methionine, lysine, and nine other amino acids by a single oxidation-4 hour hydrolysis method

The sulfur-containing amino acids cystine and methionine play important roles in animal, especially avian, nutrition. Because these sulfur-containing amino acids are destroyed to varying extents by 6N HCl hydrolysis, oxidation and hydrolysis of cystine to cysteic acid and methionine to methionine sulfone have been widely used for determination of cystine and methionine. Lysine is considered the next limiting amino acid after the sulfur amino acids in poultry nutrition; therefore, determination of the amino acid content of rations focuses first on these 3 amino acids. The objective of this investigation was to establish whether lysine and other amino acids could be accurately determined in proteinaceous materials which had undergone performic acid oxidation. To perform this evaluation, lysine was determined in a variety of protein-containing materials both with and without performic acid oxidation. Performic acid oxidation followed by 6N HCl hydrolysis at 145 degrees C for 4 h allows accurate measurement of 3 amino acids especially important to poultry nutrition, cystine, methionine, and lysine, in a single preoxidized hydrolysate; this method can be extended to another 9 protein amino acids.
Managing the Curriculum and Managing Change

In this chapter we explore the contentious issues related to governance of the medical school curriculum. Within the United States, over more than 50 years, various commissions have issued recommendations regarding curricular governance, while others have attempted to clarify various aspects of curriculum management, including defined roles of students, faculty, and school administrators. We draw heavily from these documents. We also examine the significant external influence that accrediting bodies have exerted on medical school curricular governance structures. We document the methods for, and the importance of selecting faculty leaders for educational management roles and the necessity of rewards for faculty participating in curricular oversight. The chapter concludes with a synthesis and set of recommendations regarding the principles of curricular governance that are most likely to lead to efficient and effective leadership of the educational program for the M.D. degree.
Undermining Christian Legal Society v. Martinez

In Christian Legal Society v. Martinez, a sharply divided Supreme Court held that officials at a public institution in California might require a student religious group to admit all-comers from the student body, including those who disagree with its beliefs, as a condition of being recognized. Put another way, the Court declared that the government, through university officials, might force religious groups to choose between compromising their values and receiving benefits that other student groups receive as a matter of constitutional right. Yet, three years after Christian Legal Society, there is cause to question the continued viability of the decision. Two recent Supreme Court decisions, Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. EEOC and Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc., collectively undermine the result in Christian Legal Society. First, Hosanna-Tabor establishes that religious groups have a right of religious autonomy — absolute discretion to determine whom its leaders will be. Logically, if an organization can restrict its leadership to those who adhere to the faith, basic principles, then the organization ought to be able to impose a similar requirement on membership. Second, in Alliance for Open Society, the Court revived and redefined the unconstitutional conditions doctrine — government may impose conditions that define the program, but may not impose conditions that reach outside the program. As a result, government cannot force a religious group to surrender its religious autonomy rights as a condition of receiving some government subsidy or benefit — such as university recognition or access to student activity funds. In sum, Hosanna-Tabor and Alliance for Open Society collectively contradict the result in Christian Legal Society.
Computational complex optical field imaging using a designed metasurface diffuser

Various speckle-based computational imaging techniques that exploit the ability of scattering media to transfer hidden information into the speckle pattern have recently been demonstrated. Current implementations suffer from several drawbacks associated with the use of conventional scattering media (CSM), such as their time-consuming characterization, instability with time, and limited memory-effect range. Here we show that by using a random dielectric metasurface diffuser (MD) with known scattering properties, many of these issues can be addressed. We experimentally demonstrate an imaging system with the ability to retrieve complex field values using a MD and the speckle-correlation scattering matrix method. We explore the mathematical properties of the MD transmission matrix such as its correlation and singular value spectrum to expand the understanding about both MDs and the speckle-correlation scattering matrix approach. In addition to a large noise tolerance, reliable reproducibility, and robustness against misalignments, using the MD allows us to substitute the laborious experimental characterization procedure of the CSM with a simple simulation process. Moreover, dielectric MDs with identical scattering properties can easily be mass-produced, thus enabling real-world applications. Representing a bridge between metasurface optics and speckle-based computational imaging, this work paves the way to extending the potentials of diverse speckle-based computational imaging methods for various applications such as biomedical imaging, holography, and optical encryption.
Modular and reconfigurable gas chromatography/differential mobility spectrometry (GC/DMS) package for detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Due to the versatility of present day microcontroller boards and open source development environments, new analytical chemistry devices can now be built outside of large industry and instead within smaller individual groups. While there are a wide range of commercial devices available for detecting and identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs), most of these devices use their own proprietary software and complex custom electronics, making modifications or reconfiguration of the systems challenging. The development of microprocessors for general use, such as the Arduino prototyping platform, now enables custom chemical analysis instrumentation. We have created an example system using commercially available parts, centered around on differential mobility spectrometer (DMS) device. The Modular Reconfigurable Gas Chromatography - Differential Mobility Spectrometry package (MR-GC-DMS) has swappable components allowing it to be quickly reconfigured for specific application purposes as well as broad, generic use. The MR-GC-DMS has a custom user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) and precisely tuned proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) feedback control system managing individual temperature-sensitive components. Accurate temperature control programmed into the microcontroller greatly increases repeatability and system performance. Together, this open-source platform enables researchers to quickly combine DMS devices in customized configurations for new chemical sensing applications.
Counseling Sexual Abuse Survivors and Caregivers

This qualitative study examined licensed professional counselors’ (LPCs) experiences counseling survivors of child sexual abuse and nonoffending caregivers (N=10). The researchers used a phenomenol...
A commentary on: statistical inference problems in sequential parallel comparison designs.

A Sequential Parallel Comparison Design has two stages, the first comparing drug to placebo and the second comparing drug to placebo among patients who did not respond to placebo in the first stage...
Structures, Phase Equilibria, and Properties of HfO2

Abstract Hafnium dioxide (HfO2) has long been known as a refractory material due to its high melting temperature (~ 2800°C) and low thermal conductivity (1.5 W/m K) [1] , [2] . Refractories are thermally insulating materials known to withstand high temperatures without being degraded and are used for high-temperature applications to reduce heat losses [3] . Due to the higher dielectric permittivity of HfO2 relative to SiO2, HfO2 was studied as a high-k gate dielectric [4] , [5] , [6] . Decades of research have been dedicated to understanding the dielectric, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties in these applications. Since the discovery of ferroelectricity in HfO2-based thin films in 2011 [7] , further research surrounding the dielectric, supercapacitive, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and electrocaloric properties has emerged. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning these functionalities requires a basic understanding of the HfO2 crystal structures and HfO2-metal oxide phase equilibria. This chapter reviews these fundamentals, including a discussion on the role of dopants and phase stability of doped HfO2.
Bootstrapping NLU Models with Multi-task Learning

Bootstrapping natural language understanding (NLU) systems with minimal training data is a fundamental challenge of extending digital assistants like Alexa and Siri to a new language. A common approach that is adapted in digital assistants when responding to a user query is to process the input in a pipeline manner where the first task is to predict the domain, followed by the inference of intent and slots. However, this cascaded approach instigates error propagation and prevents information sharing among these tasks. Further, the use of words as the atomic units of meaning as done in many studies might lead to coverage problems for morphologically rich languages such as German and French when data is limited. We address these issues by introducing a character-level unified neural architecture for joint modeling of the domain, intent, and slot classification. We compose word-embeddings from characters and jointly optimize all classification tasks via multi-task learning. In our results, we show that the proposed architecture is an optimal choice for bootstrapping NLU systems in low-resource settings thus saving time, cost and human effort.
Insider Trading: A Clash Between Law and Economics

Insider trading is not widely understood. Insiders of corporations can, in fact, buy and sell shares of those corporations. But, over time, Congress, the courts and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) have imposed significant limits on such trading. The limits are not always clearly marked and the principles underlying them not always consistent. The core principle is that it is illegal to trade if one is in the possession of material, nonpublic information. But the rationality of this principle has been challenged by successive generations of law and economics scholars, most notably Manne, Easterbrook, Epstein, and Bainbridge. Their “economic” analysis of this contested area of the law provides, arguably, at least a more consistent basis upon which to decide when trades by insiders should, in fact, be disallowed. A return to genuine “first principles” generated by the nature of capitalism, however, allows for more powerful insights into the phenomenon and could lead to more effective regulation.
Wireless Power Transfer Systems Using Metamaterials: A Review

With the recent advancement and progress in the field of wireless power transfer (WPT), there is an ever increasing demand for high power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the WPT systems and improved transfer distance for the end-users. However, some existing WPT systems have limited PTE and transfer distance as they take the inductive coupling approach, where the PTE dramatically decreases as the distance between (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coils increases. Alternatively, magnetic resonance coupling (MRC) is used as a mid-range WPT approach, for which the insertion of metamaterials (MTMs) between Tx and Rx coils is exploited to improve efficiency. MTMs are artificially engineered materials that show uncommon electromagnetic properties, such as evanescent wave amplification and negative refractive characteristics, which could be utilized for the enhancement of PTE. In this article, a comprehensive review on recent progresses in the MTM-based WPT systems is reported, where previously reported MTM-based WPT systems are compared in terms of various parameters such as configurations, operating frequencies, dimensions and PTE. Also, the PTEs of these systems were plotted as a function of the normalized transfer distance. This review is expected to provide an insight for understanding the trends of the MTM-based WPT systems and serve as a reference for researchers who work on WPT systems and their applications.
Impact of XBRL on Financial Statement Structural Comparability

The quality of corporate financial reporting has long been the interests of financial reporting users, such as investors, financial analysts, and regulators. Comparability is a key qualitative characteristic of accounting information that facilitates the comparison of financial statements. However, various reporting formats and accounting taxonomy standards result in inconsistent reporting structures that indirectly affect comparability. To improve information comparability, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandates the adoption of the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), a search-facilitating technology, to reduce the costs of information search and improve the efficiency of information processing. Leveraging on the XBRL adoption enforced by the SEC, this study investigates whether the comparability of financial statement structure has improved in the post-mandate XBRL period. The results show a significant, consistent comparability improvement in the post XBRL adoption period, providing empirical evidence of the positive impact of XBRL on enhancing financial statement structural comparability.
Role alteration predicts anxiety and depressive symptoms in parents of infants with congenital heart disease: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND Parents of infants born with critical congenital heart disease are at risk for adverse mental health symptoms. The purpose of this study was to identify infant-, parent-, and environmental-based stressors for mothers and fathers after their infants' cardiac surgery, and to explore relationships between stressors and mental health symptoms of anxiety and depression. METHODS This study enrolled 28 biological mother-father dyads from families admitted to the paediatric cardiac intensive care unit for cardiac surgery at one free-standing children's hospital in the Northeast. Paired t-tests were used to examine group differences between mothers and fathers on perceived stressors and mental health symptoms, while linear mixed effects modelling was used to explore the predictive relationship between perceived stressors, personal factors, and mental health symptoms. RESULTS Mothers reported higher perceived stressor scores of parental role alteration (t = 4.03, p < 0.01) and infant appearance and behaviour (t = 2.61, p = 0.02), and total perceived stress (t = 2.29 p = 0.03), compared to fathers. Mothers also reported higher anxiety (t = 2.47, p = 0.02) and depressive symptoms (t = 3.25, p < 0.01) than fathers. In multivariable analysis, parental role alteration significantly predicted anxiety (t = 5.20, p < 0.01, d = 0.77) and depressive symptoms (t = 7.09, p < 0.01, d = 1.05) for mothers and fathers. The consensus subscale of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale also significantly predicted depressive symptoms (t = -2.42, p = 0.02, d = 0.04). CONCLUSION Parents were distressed during their infant's admission for surgical repair for critical congenital heart disease. Parental role alteration was significantly associated with parental anxiety and depressive symptoms, while poor relationship quality was associated with depressive symptoms, highlighting areas for potential nursing-led psychosocial led interventions.
Health and emotional well-being of urban university students in the era of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted social distancing measures and forced transition to virtual learning for university students Examining the impact of these disruptions on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological distress can contribute to the design of interventions and psychological services aimed at mitigating the long-term effects for vulnerable populations A cross-sectional study was conducted with 225 predominantly Hispanic urban university students in Southern California An online survey gathered sociodemographic variables and psychosocial factors (HRQoL [RAND-36], psychological well-being Psychological General Well Being Index [PGWBI-22], and perceived stress) Employment and sleep, as well as current use, and future interest in various mind-body and psychological services were also examined Compared with national averages, participants scored statistically significantly higher on HRQoL subscales of Physical Functioning, Physical Role Functioning, Pain, and General Health Participants scored statistically significantly lower on subscales of Emotional Role Functioning, Energy/Fatigue, Emotional Well-Being, Social Functioning, and Health Status The majority of participants indicated a loss of employment (49 3%), increases in perceived stress, and sleep disturbances during COVID-19 Overall, students reported severe psychological distress based on the Psychological General Well-Being Index, and a fraction (12 8%) indicated they were currently using psychological counseling services The majority of participants were interested or very interested in mind-body interventions (i e , yoga, meditation) Recent data show that the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing policies negatively affect specifically students of color We discuss how stress and social distancing may impact immune functioning, health, and social support In the long term, COVID-19 underscores the need for culturally competent mental health care targeting Hispanic populations who may be uniquely and disproportionately affected (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Self-Reported Physical Activity and Asthma Risk in Children.

BACKGROUND Increased physical activity (PA) may protect against asthma but PA can trigger asthma symptoms. OBJECTIVE To investigate relationships between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) assessed during routine care visits and incident asthma. METHODS For this retrospective cohort, 542,486 children between 2 and 17 years from 2010 to 2017 were included who had an MVPA assessment (exercise vital sign) during routine care visits. The association of MVPA and asthma was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models as a function of age, with MVPA and body mass index (BMI) being time-varying factors, adjusted for race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and air pollution. RESULTS The mean MVPA was 5.4 (standard deviation: 4.4) hours/week. Crude asthma incidence density rate (IDR) was highest in children with <1 hour/week of MVPA (IDR: 9.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.79, 9.36) and lowest in children engaging in 4 to 7 hours/week of MVPA (IDR: 6.55, 95% CI: 6.33, 6.77). In adjusted models, an increase in MVPA was associated with lower asthma risk in children reporting 0 hour/week of MVPA (hazard ratio: 0.981, 95% CI: 0.973, 0.990). In children with ≥8 hours/week of MVPA, an increase in MVPA was associated with higher asthma risk (1.005, 95% CI: 1.002, 1.009). There was no significant BMI by MVPA interaction. CONCLUSION Increasing MVPA in children with low activity levels is associated with lower asthma risk; children reporting high levels of activity may experience greater asthma risk as their activity levels increase further. Understanding the role of PA in the development of asthma and assessing MVPA during routine care visits in children may help to develop targeted interventions and guide asthma management.
Bis(tetra-methyl-ammonium) tetra-chlorido-zincate(II), phase VI.

Phase VI of bis­(tetra­methyl­ammonium) tetra­chloro­zincate(II), (C4H12N)2[ZnCl4], contains three formula units per asymmetric unit. Several short C—H⋯Cl contacts [2.70 (3) and 2.72 (4) A] are observed, but they are believed to participate only in van der Waals inter­actions. The crystal studied exhibited inversion twinning.
Cache tables: paving the way for an adaptive database cache

We introduce a new database object called Cache Table that enables persistent caching of the full or partial content of a remote database table. The content of a cache table is either defined declaratively and populated in advance at setup time, or determined dynamically and populated on demand at query execution time. Dynamic cache tables exploit the characteristics of typical transactional web applications with a high volume of short transactions, simple equality predicates, and 3-4 way joins. Based on federated query processing capabilities, we developed a set of new technologies for database caching: cache tables, "Janus" (two-headed) query execution plans, cache constraints, and asynchronous cache population methods. Our solution supports transparent caching both at the edge of content-delivery networks and in the middle-tier of an enterprise application infrastructure, improving the response time, throughput and scalability of transactional web applications.
Abstract 12061: Insights Into CT Contrast Uptake by Atheroma-Associated Macrophages in Hyperlipidemic Rabbits

Introduction: Visualization of macrophage activities and distribution may provide useful insight into plaque vulnerability. Hypothesis: Uptake of phosphatidylserine (PS)-coated liposomes by macrophages in the arterial wall will generate contrast enhancement for CT imaging. Methods: Efficient loading of liposomes was accomplished by a modified ethanol vaporization method. Pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution of liposomes were evaluated in mice and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Both Watanabe Hereditary Hyperlipidemic (WHHL) and balloon-denuded cholesterol-fed NZW rabbits were injected with control and PS-liposomes, and imaged 48 hours later with a flat-panel CT scanner. Image processing and reconstruction were performed to demonstrate contrast enhancement in the aorta. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to characterize contrast uptake in relation to macrophage distribution. Results: Iodixanol in liposomes ranged from 65 to 80 mg/ml. In vitro liposomal uptake by macrophages increased with increasing percentage of PS in the liposomes and cell viability was unaffected up to 20% PS. Liposomally encapsulated iodixanol prolonged blood pool enhancement up to 4h after injection and diverted its clearance to the reticuloendothelial system. Only the 100nm PS-liposomes generated specific aortic wall enhancement in association with atheroma. Histological examination revealed diffused non-specific retention of 100nm control liposomes and the absence of 200 nm control and PS-liposomes in the aortic wall. Only 100nm PS-liposomes specifically co-localized with plaque-associated macrophages in both rabbit models. Conclusions: In vivo uptake of CT contrast by plaque-associated macrophages is dependent on liposome size and surface modifications. Molecular imaging of macrophage retention of CT contrast is feasible with sufficient payload in the liposomal carrier. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
The Evolution of Map Societies: A Global Phenomenon

Abstract Based on a review of more than fifty organizations, the author identifies key elements that differentiate map societies from other forms of map-related organizations. The history and evolution of map societies is delineated based upon this analysis and conjecture is made regarding the future of map societies.
Effect of venous shear stress on CD18-mediated neutrophil adhesion to cultured endothelium.

The CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins has been identified as a mediator of a number of adhesive interactions crucial to inflammatory responses. Using a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against CD18 (TS1/18), the role of these molecules in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMNL) adhesion to cultured primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was examined under venous flow conditions. Incubation of PMNL with TS1/18 (anti-CD18) did not inhibit PMNL adhesion to interleukin-1 (IL-1)- treated HUVEC at 2.0 dynes/cm2 (TS1/18-treated 305 +/- 58 PMNL/mm2 v 334 +/- 63 PMNL/mm2 on control). Furthermore, incubation of HUVEC with R6.5.D6, an MoAb against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) did not significantly inhibit PMNL adhesion to IL-1-treated HUVEC at 2.0 dynes/cm2 (P greater than .3). In contrast to the lack of inhibition of adhesion under conditions of flow, incubation of PMNL with TS1/18 reduced PMNL adherence in static adhesion assays. PMNL migration beneath HUVEC monolayers has been shown to be stimulated by 4-hour IL-1 treatment. TS1/18 and R6.5.D6 significantly inhibited migration of PMNL beneath IL-1-treated HUVEC monolayers under flow conditions by slightly more than 80% (P less than .005). In flow experiments with CD18- deficient PMNL, virtually no transendothelial migration was observed. The effect of FMLP (10(-8) mol/L) on PMNL adhesion to untreated HUVEC at wall shear stresses ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 dynes/cm2 was also investigated. FMLP had little effect on PMNL adherence at shear stresses above 0.5 dynes/cm2 (P greater than .45). In response to FMLP exposure at lower wall shear stresses, PMNL adherence to untreated HUVEC increased 6.9-fold at 0.5 dynes/cm2 (P less than .001). At 0.25 dynes/cm2, FMLP stimulation increased PMNL adherence to untreated HUVEC 6.5-fold compared with controls (P less than .005), and FMLP failed to make CD18-deficient PMNL more adherent. In experiments with PMNL pretreated with TS1/18 (anti-CD18), there was a 67% inhibition of FMLP- stimulated adhesion at 0.5 dynes/cm2 (P less than .025). The upper threshold of CD18-mediated PMNL adhesion appears to be between 0.5 and 1.0 dyne/cm2. Above these wall shear stresses, the initial attachment of PMNL to cultured endothelium was mediated almost exclusively by CD18- independent mechanisms. By simulating some of the flow parameters in the microcirculation with well-characterized shear forces, PMNL adhesion by CD18-independent and dependent mechanisms can be differentiated. These data also indicate that CD18 is an important mediator of transendothelial migration by PMNL, which have attached to the endothelium by a CD18-independent mechanism.
Molecular Solvation Dynamics from Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Measurements

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction; Review of High-Resolution Inelastic X-Ray Scattering on Liquid Water: Theory and Experiment; Green's Function Imaging of Dynamics with Femtosecond Temporal and Angstrom Spatial Resolution; An excluded volume implementation for Green's Function Imaging of Dynamics; Conclusions and Outlook; References.
Selective Herbicides for Cultivation of Eucalyptus urograndis Clones

Competition control is essential for successful eucalyptus plantation establishment, yet few selective herbicides have been identified. Five herbicides, flumioxazin, imazamox, imazapic, oxyfluorfen, and sulfometuron methyl, were evaluated for selective weed control in the establishment of genetically modified frost tolerant Eucalyptus urograndis clones. Herbicides were applied at two or three rates, either before or after weed emergence, and compared to a nontreated control and to near-complete weed control obtained with glyphosate directed sprays. Applications prior to weed emergence were most effective for weed control and, with the exception of imazapic, all resulted in enhanced eucalyptus growth relative to the nontreated control. Among postemergent treatments, only imazamox enhanced stem volume. Among selective herbicide treatments, preemergent 2240 g ha−1 oxyfluorfen produced the best growth response, resulting in stem volume index that was 860% greater than the nontreated control, although only 15% of the volume index obtained with near-complete weed control. Imazapic was the most phytotoxic of all herbicides, resulting in 40% mortality when applied preemergent. Survival was 100% for all other herbicide treatments. This research found the previously nontested herbicides imazamox and imazapic to be effective for selective weed control and refined application rate and timing of five herbicides for use in clonal plantations.
Mechanism of continence after modified pereyra bladder neck suspension: Prospective Urodynamic Study

Twenty females with genuine stress urinary incontinence who underwent modified Pereyra bladder neck suspension were urodynamically studied pre- and postoperatively in an attempt to determine the mechanism by which continence was restored. Detailed analysis demonstrated no significant change comparing the pre- and postoperative cystometry findings, uroflow parameters, maximal voiding pressure, urethral resistance, maximal urethral closure pressure, or functional urethral length. The only significant change identified as a result of the surgical procedure was an alteration of proximal urethral pressure transmission during stress from negative to positive gradients. It is concluded that the modified Pereyra bladder neck suspension restores continence by restoring proper urethral support with restoration of positive pressure transmission to the proximal urethra without causing outflow obstruction, changing functional length, or altering maximal urethral closure pressure.