cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ACTION OF CYTOCHALASIN D ON CELLS OF ESTABLISHED LINES II. Cortex and Microfilaments

Cells in culture exposed to cytochalasin D (CD) rapidly undergo a long-sustained tonic contraction. Coincident with this contracture the thin microfilaments of the cortex become compacted into feltlike masses. The ravelled filaments of these masses remain actinlike and bind heavy meromyosin; they are not disrupted or disaggregated, but rather, appear to represent a contracted state of the microfilament apparatus of the cell cortex. On continued exposure to CD, ‘myoid’ bundles, containing thick, dense filaments, and larger fusiform or ribbonlike, putatively myosinoid, aggregates may appear. These appearances are interpreted as consequences of a state of hypercontraction without relaxation induced by CD. They do not occur in CD-treated cells prevented from contracting by inhibitors of energy metabolism, and are readily reversible on withdrawal of CD. Extensive ordered arrays of thin microfilaments develop in cells which are reextending during early recovery.
How Effective Are Ventriculopleural Shunts

Thirty-eight insertions or revisions of ventriculopleural shunts were performed in 22 patients. The most common indication for pleural cerebrospinal fluid diversion was recent abdominal infection. Very minor pneumothoraces were seen frequently, but no patient became symptomatic or required treatment. Only three shunts in 2 patients were discontinued because of pleural effusions. The median survival of the entire series of ventriculopleural shunts was only 10 months. A historical control group of revised ventriculoperitoneal shunts matched for factors that have been shown to influence shunt survival was constructed from an institutional data base. The survival of simple ventriculopleural shunts in this series was not significantly different from that of simple ventriculoperitoneal shunts in patients of comparable age with a comparable recent shunt revision history (p = 0.68). Pleural cerebrospinal fluid diversion is a simple, safe, and reasonably effective option when clinical circumstances present relative or absolute contraindications to peritoneal diversion.
Evolution, Teleology, Intentionality

No response that was not as long and intricate as the two commentaries combined could do justice to their details, so what follows will satisfy nobody, myself included. I will concentrate on one issue discussed by both commentators: the relationship between evolution and teleological (or intentional) explanation. My response, in its brevity, may have just one virtue: it will confirm some of the hunches (or should I say suspicions) that these and other writers have entertained about my views. For more closely argued defenses of my points, see Dennett 1990a,b,c; 1991a,b.
The degrees of freedom region of the two-user MIMO broadcast channel with delayed CSIT

The degrees of freedom (DoF) region of the K-user MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) Gaussian broadcast channel (BC) is studied under i.i.d. fading when there is delayed channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). The general case of the MIMO BC is considered where each terminal has an arbitrary number of antennas. The delayed CSIT assumption is that the transmitter has perfect knowledge of ‘stale’ channel states (i.e., with some delay) but no knowledge of current CSI. An outer-bound to the DoF region is derived. This bound is shown to be tight in the 2-user case via an interference alignment scheme that optimally accounts for multiple and possibly distinct number of antennas at the two receivers.
Molecular Imaging in Diagnostics

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in men. Despite the downstaging we have observed over the last 20 years with the widespread use of PSA screening, we continue to observe conflicting data regarding its effect on prostate cancer survival [1, 2]. While treatment for localized prostate cancer is highly successful, about 30–50 % of men will experience a biochemical failure within 10 years from the primary treatment, suggesting that prostate cancer can metastasize relatively early in the course of disease [3–6]. This is supported by the discovery of circulating prostate cancer cell in bone marrow biopsy of patients with apparently localized disease [7]. A portion of men with biochemical failure will develop locally recurrent disease, and as many as two-thirds will have evidence of osseous metastatic involvement [8–11]. In the study by Pound et al. after primary surgical treatment, 15 % of patients developed biochemical recurrence. The median actuarial time to metastases was 8 years from the time of PSA relapse. Once men developed metastatic disease, the median survival time to death was 5 years [12]. If men develop castrate resistant metastatic disease, the 1-year survival is about 24 % with a median survival of only 8-18 months [13]. The hormone-refractory state is believed to occur via bypassing or sensitizing the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Patients with biochemical recurrence and metastatic disease are left with imaging modalities that neither provide enough information to change management nor are able to predict patient’s prognosis or evaluate patient’s treatment progress. The reason is that traditional imaging techniques are focused on evaluating the anatomy rather than the function of prostate cancer. Unlike traditional structural imaging, molecular imaging takes advantage of the functionality of tumor. These imaging techniques can theoretically provide functional information regarding prostate cancer. In this chapter, we review the current literature on the potential and emerging role of molecular imaging in prostate cancer.
Recent Developments In Fluoro-containing Polyamideimides:

The synthesis, characterization and development of a new generation of fluoro-containing polyamideimide (PAI) polymers are described in this paper. The polymers are generally prepared by forming th...
Early-Season Aerial Adult Colonization and Ground Activity of Pea Leaf Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Pea as Influenced by Tillage System

The pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of pea, Pisum sativum L., in northern Idaho. Previous research revealed greater relative pea leaf weevil abundance and feeding damage in peas grown using conventional-tillage compared with no-tillage practices. However, the effects of tillage practices on early season colonization and activity by the pea leaf weevil on pea are not fully understood. Aerial traps and pitfall traps were used to assess adult colonization and relative density of adult pea leaf weevil into conventional-tillage and no-tillage pea in northern Idaho during 2005 and 2006. Feeding damage to the crop also was evaluated. During both years, aerial traps captured more pea leaf weevil in May, when crop establishment and early growth occurred, than in later months. Significantly more adult pea leaf weevils were captured in aerial traps in conventional-tillage than in no-tillage plots in May of both years. Significantly more pea leaf weevil were captured in pitfall traps in conventional-tillage plots than in no-tillage plots during the period immediately after peak aerial adult colonization in late May and early June. Crop feeding damage was significantly greater in conventional-tillage than in no-tillage plots in late May and early June. The patterns suggest that more adult pea leaf weevil colonize conventional-tillage pea than no-tillage pea. Pea plants in conventional-tillage emerged earlier and were larger than those in no-tillage during the pea leaf weevil colonization period, possibly accounting for the differences in colonization rates. This leads to greater early season pea leaf weevil infestation of conventional-tillage plots at a critical period for pea development that might ultimately influence crop yield.
Organizational climate and health care outcomes.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Relationships between organizational climate—which reflects the employees' perception of the organizational culture and is easily measured through employee questionnaires—and patient and employee outcomes were examined in a literature review. Methods A systematic search was conducted, with the review limited to primary research published between January 1995 and June 2007. An integrative model of organizational climate was used to guide the search and organize evidence. Findings Twenty studies, all cross-sectional in design, were identified. Samples ranged from 632 clinicians in 3 hospitals to almost 250,000 providers in 168 hospitals. Most researchers studied nurses in hospitals, but other providers were also surveyed. Perceptions of processes such as scheduling practices, collaboration, and autonomy were associated with nurse outcomes (for example, job satisfaction, turnover, occupational safety). There was some evidence that aspects of organizational climate were associated with patient outcomes, but the results were inconsistent. Measurement of the organizational climate factors and outcomes varied across studies. Conclusions The evidence that organizational climate influences nurse outcomes is more robust than is the evidence that it influences patient outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of promoting a positive organizational climate.
Written work procedures: identifying and understanding their risks and a proposed framework for modeling procedure risk

Abstract Organizations often direct considerable attention toward the identification and assessment of the various risks associated with hazardous process operations, and as part of their risk control system they typically rely on written procedures for guiding workers in carrying out the necessary task activities. However, these procedures can, in and of themselves, serve as sources of risk, which strongly suggests the need for methods that could enable organizations to efficiently assess the risks potentially intrinsic to their written procedures. This paper focuses on the identification, understanding, and modeling of the risks potentially associated with written work procedures. The idea of controls within procedures and a taxonomy of procedures based on the nature of a procedure’s controls are first presented. This is followed by a systematic reappraisal of the risks resident in written procedures that are incurred through the processes of development and management of procedures by organizations. The focus then shifts to the implications for an organization’s risk control system of behavioral variability associated with carrying out procedures. This leads to the presentation of a proposed modeling framework intended for translation or adaptation by organizations as a practical means for assessing what is referred to as “procedure risk”—the risk resident in procedures. Key concepts that are emphasized in this framework are the value of a procedural control and the likelihood of failure of a procedural control. Guidance is provided concerning a possible way for instantiating the modeling framework through a case study involving space shuttle ground processing operations.
Breastfeeding and borderline malnutrition in women

During a panel on breast-feeding support and promotion among malnourished mothers several interventions were suggested to improve the nutritional status of mothers before and during pregnancy. These include encouraging women to feed themselves and their daughters educating people about womens nutritional needs and encouraging women to decrease energy expenditures during late pregnancy and early lactation. Indicators which can be used to determine the nutritional status of women include prepregnancy weight pregnancy weight gain height arm circumference (which can be used regardless of reproductive or lactational status) weight for height and body mass index. Another panel topic was the spacing of reproductive events which may be necessary for maternal recovery. It was recommended that the next pregnancy be delayed for 6 months following weaning or that energy intake be increased during periods where breast feeding and pregnancy overlap. Another researcher reported that reduced suckling rather than maternal nutritional supplementation was responsible for reduced duration of lactational amenorrhea. Consideration of whether malnourished women in developing countries would be better served by bottle-feeding their infants led to the conclusion that maternal depletion (which could be overcome) is preferable to infant death. Thus it is important to encourage mothers to breast feed optimally to supplement the mothers diet not the infants to decrease the mothers workload to provide family planning services beginning in adolescence and to target all four age groups (infancy adolescence adulthood and the elderly) for interventions to improve maternal nutrition.
The Impact of the Print Media on the Timing and Direction of Government Action on Same Sex Marriage

As public opinion has become more supportive of lesbian and gay rights some states have recognized same sex marriage. In this paper we seek to evaluate the relationship between mass media slant, public attitudes and state action. We measure newspaper opinion and state level public opinion on same sex marriage. And we employ statistical methods to determine whether state courts or legislatures are more likely to respond to public preferences or to elite signals through major local newspapers even in the absence of public support.
Familial Risk for Exceptional Longevity

One of the most glaring deficiencies in the current assessment of mortality risk is the lack of information concerning the impact of familial longevity. In this work, we update estimates of sibling relative risk of living to extreme ages using data from more than 1,700 sibships, and we begin to examine the trend for heritability for different birth-year cohorts. We also build a network model that can be used to compute the increased chance for exceptional longevity of a subject, conditional on his family history of longevity. The network includes familial longevity from three generations and can be used to understand the effects of paternal and maternal longevity on an individual's chance to live to an extreme age.
Variation in Hydramethylnon Susceptibility Among Insecticide-Resistant German Cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae)

A consumption bioassay was used to evaluate hydramethylnon tolerance among 14 insecticide-resistant and 1 insecticide-susceptible strain of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). The feeding bioassay provided the ability to assess physiological changes in hydramethylnon tolerance while simultaneously evaluating German cockroach avoidance behavior toward Siege gel bait. Cockroach strains, which had been shown previously to be resistant to pyrethroid, carbamate, and organophosphate insecticides, were bioassayed in 2 groups. The 1st group was bioassayed by the dose-response method and the 2nd group was assayed with a single diagnostic dose. None of the strains evaluated by the dose-response consumption bioassay method were more tolerant of hydramethylnon than the Orlando laboratory strain. Although the dose-response data did not indicate physiological resistance among these strains, behavioral resistance (avoidance) was implicated in the Union 511 and Malo strains. In a 2nd group of insecticide-resistant strains, physiological as well as behavioral resistance to hydramethylnon was implicated when cockroaches were challenged with a diagnostic dose of hydramethylnon in Siege bait matrix. At the Orlando LD 99 (3.5 μg of hydramethylnon per cockroach), only 80 and 75% of the NASJAX and HydSel adult males consumed the bait, respectively. These data indicate that avoidance behavior may be developing in these strains. Furthermore, physiological resistance was indicated only in the strain selected with hydramethylnon (HydSel) because only 89% was killed at the LD 99 Orlando dose.
Fate of intraintestinal thymocytes labeled with 125iododeoxyuridine or tritiated thymidine.

A suspension of thymocytes labeled with /sup 125/IUdR or /sup 3/HTdR was injected into the jejunum of mice. The bulk of the radioactivity disappeared within few hours from the intestine and was recovered principally in the urine. This indicated a very rapid breakdown of labeled thymic cells, reabsorption and subsequent elimination of the tracer in the kidney. In mice injected with cells labeled with /sup 3/HTdR, the initial rapid loss of radioactivity was of shorter duration, and slower during the second phase, presumably due to more extensive reutilization and/or prolonged persistence of acid-soluble radioactivity. Pretreatment of the recipients with antibiotics did not significantly reduce the rate of radioactivity loss.
NMR identification of epitopes of Lyme disease antigen OspA to monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract Outer surface protein A (OspA) from the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi has been a focus of vaccine development. We have identified epitopes of OspA to two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by comparing NMR chemical shifts of free OspA and those in Fab complexes. Deuteration of non-labile protons in OspA extended the size limit of this technique so that it was applicable to the 78 kDa complexes of OspA and the Fab fragment. The epitope identified by NMR to an mAb, 184.1, agrees well with that previously defined by the crystal structure of the same complex, indicating the ability of the NMR method to accurately map an epitope in a large protein complex. The technique mapped the epitope to mAb 336, a mAb of clinical interest, to a region centered at the C-terminal α-helix. The results provides a basis for rational design of OspA-based Lyme disease vaccines.
A New Relation Between Primitive Roots and Permutations

(1969). A New Relation Between Primitive Roots and Permutations. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 664-666.
Dynamic Elasto-Plastic Impact Force in a Special Planetary Drilling Mechanism

Planetary drilling and soil/rock sample acquisition is a vital task in the challenge for space exploration as it provides information about the chemical composition of the soil/rock of the planetary body and its mechanical behavior. The special ultrasonic percussive drill for planetary exploration considered in this study consists of an ultrasonic horn, free mass and drill bit/rod. The impact between the free mass (striker) and the drill rod is analyzed by means of a modified Hertz force-indentation relation to include plastic deformation coupled with the structural vibration obtained using mode superposition method. The contact force is obtained for drill rods with different yield strengths and compared to that of the elastic impact case. It is observed that when plastic deformation of the rod is considered, the contact force is smaller, with a larger duration, than that of the case of an elastic rod. As the yield strength of the rod is increased, the contact force increases and the duration of contact decreases, approaching the results of the case of an elastic rod. It is also observed thatThe rebound velocity of the free mass for an elasto-plastic impact is lower than that of an elastic impact.
Treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Role of drugs, surgery and angioplasty in unstable angina patients.

The term unstable angina should only be used to describe patients whose immediate prognosis is uncertain and the nature of the unstable disease may vary on a patient to patient basis, making broad categorization of such patients inappropriate. Unstable angina may be caused by extracardiac factors, such as uncontrolled hypertension and tachycardia, disruption of an atheromatous plaque, dynamic or intermittent coronary artery thrombosis, haemorrhagic dissection into an atheromatous plaque, epicardial coronary spasm or progression of atherosclerosis as a result of plaque healing. Control of symptoms using medical therapy with a combination of nitrates, β -blockers and calcium antagonists is usually quite successful. In the absence of contra-indications, intravenous heparin, and possibly anti-platelet agents, should also be used in the acute phase of treatment. In addition, one aspirin a day is indicated unless there are definite contra-indications. If symptoms are relieved, evaluation and management should proceed as with chronic stable angina. Identification of patients with a poor prognosis should be the main indication for urgent revascularization. One of the best predictors of a poor prognosis in unstable disease is persistent pain despite optimum therapy. Urgent surgery should be considered in any patient with multivessel coronary artery stenosis who has evidence of persistent myocardial ischaemia, despite adequate medical therapy.
The simultaneous determination of Cyclohexane and Methyl Cyclohexane in the air of workplace by Gas chromatography with dissolvent desorption

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of Cyclohexane and Methyl Cyclohexane in the air of workplace by Gas chromatography.Methods:Cyclohexane and Methyl Cyclohexane in the air of workplace were collected with charcoal tube,then injected after being desorbed with carbon disulfide,through 5% SE-30 glass column(2 m×4 mm) with constant temperature,detected by FID.Results:Retention time of Cyclohexane and Methyl Cyclohexane were 2.514 min,3.609 min.The linearity ranges were 8 μg/ml～389 μg/ml,8 μg/ml～385 μg/ml.The limits of detection were both 8 μg/ml.The coefficient of correlation were 0.9999,0.9999.Conclusion:The method is suitable to determine Cyclohexane and Methyl Cyclohexane in the air of workplace simultaneously.
The isomorphism problem for quantum affine spaces, homogenized quantized Weyl algebras, and quantum matrix algebras

Abstract Bell and Zhang have shown that if A and B are two connected graded algebras finitely generated in degree one that are isomorphic as ungraded algebras, then they are isomorphic as graded algebras. We exploit this result to solve the isomorphism problem in the cases of quantum affine spaces, quantum matrix algebras, and homogenized multiparameter quantized Weyl algebras. Our result involves determining the degree one normal elements, factoring out, and then repeating. This creates an iterative process that allows one to determine relationships between relative parameters.
Another undectectable viral load: HIV-2.

AIDS: A case study is presented of a pregnant woman from Ghana whose prenatal screening indicated that she was HIV-positive. She was given AZT and 3TC to prevent transmitting the virus to her newborn, but declined to take the drugs, thinking they were unnecessary. The baby tested positive, and further testing of the mother revealed that they were infected with HIV-2, not HIV-1 for which they had been tested. HIV-2 is a lentivirus capable of causing the same clinical syndrome as HIV-1 with regard to CD4-cell depletions and opportunistic infections in some people. HIV-2 is not transmitted as easily via sexual intercourse or childbirth as is HIV-1. Common in West Africa, HIV-2 may be more widely spread than HIV-1. Treatment options for the patient are described.
Abstract 5385: Transport of Free Fatty Acids in Cardiac Myocytes is Mediated by a Plasma Membrane Pump as Revealed by Monitoring Cytoplasmic Unbound Free Fatty Acids

The transport of FFA across the plasma membrane represents one of the earliest points at which FFA metabolism can be controlled by cardiac myocytes. Using novel methods to measure the intracellular unbound concentration of FFA ([FFA i ]), the first direct measurements of FFA transport across cardiac plasma membranes have been performed in freshly isolated cardiac myoctyes. Measurements of the unbound concentrations of FFA (FFA u ) in the aqueous phase were performed using the fluorescent ratio probe ADIFAB. Cardiac myocytes were microinjected with ADIFAB, and the transport of oleate and palmitate was determined by monitoring [FFA i ] using fluorescence ratio microscopy. FFA influx was initiated by rapidly increasing the extracellular concentration of FFA u ([FFA o ]) using FFA-BSA complexes, which clamped [FFA o ] at fixed values. The time course of influx was monitored from the change in [FFA i ], which rose exponentially to a steady state level (k influx ~ 0.01 s −1 ). Once steady state was achieved, efflux was initiated by changing the extracellular media back to zero [FFA o ]. Efflux was monitored by the decrease in [FFA i ] which, like influx, revealed exponential behavior (k efflux ~ 0.02 s −1 ). At steady state [FFA i ] was greater than [FFA o ] by a factor of ~3.5, indicating that during influx FFA are pumped up a concentration gradient. Both the initial rate of transport and the gradient ([FFA i ] > [FFA o ]) revealed saturation with increasing [FFA o ]. The initial rate of influx saturated at [FFA o ] > 200 nM, while the [FFA i ] > [FFA o ] gradient was relatively constant (~ 3.5) but began to decrease and approached 1 at [FFA o ] > 200 nM. The efflux rate constant decreased for [FFA o ] > zero, suggesting that efflux may be regulated by a mechanism that senses the level of circulating FFA u . Our results indicate that the mechanism of FFA transport across cardiac myocytes is regulated by the plasma membrane and allows for the efficient storage and release of FFA from cardiac myocytes. We suggest that this mechanism involves an as yet unknown membrane protein pump which enables the cells to accumulate surprisingly high concentrations of FFA. The ability to measure [FFA i ] and the demonstration of efflux are significant steps in understanding cardiac FFA metabolism. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Western States Affiliate (California, Nevada & Utah).
The Trauma of Philosophy

Ever since Plato, philosophy has taken the search for definitions—the endeavor to answer the question “What is … (justice, piety, duty, or whatever else has drawn philosophical interest)?”—to be its own defining task. In endeavoring to define trauma, however, philosophy runs up against radical challenges. In trying to think through each of four characteristics that can be taken to be “definitive” of trauma, philosophy finds stubborn challenges to some of its own definitive concepts. In its “belatedness,” trauma challenges philosophy to rethink the concept of time and all that goes with it. In its “excessiveness,” trauma challenges philosophy to rethink such fundamental concepts as being, thought, and language, as well as the concepts of concept and definition themselves. In the “importunity” of trauma lie insistent challenges to philosophy’s basic concepts of identity or sameness and difference or otherness. In its “irremediability,” trauma challenges standard philosophical understandings of disease, health, life, vitality, and recovery. Facing such challenges, philosophy finds itself having to confront what can be seen as its own defining trauma. Viewed from such a perspective, the very history of philosophy can be told as a tale of trauma. So told, the tale culminates in the emergence in recent philosophical thought of what can be seen as a transfiguration of the philosophical enterprise, one in which it comes out from under a figure of suicide and enters under a figure of recovery.
Policy Analysis: School Corporal Punishment Bans and Juvenile Crime

An important source of resistance to banning corporal punishment from schools is the belief held by some school personnel that a ban will lead to an increase in the incidence of student aggressive and delinquent behavior problems (Dubanoski et al. in Child abuse and neglect 7:271–278, 1983; Hyman in Reading, writing, and the hickory stick: The appalling story of physical and psychological abuse in American schools. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, 1990).
Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Tips for Success

Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease affects almost 20% of the population in the United States. Today, proton pump inhibitors are the most frequently prescribed drugs, with an estimated cost of 10 billion dollars per year. Although these medications control heartburn in the majority of patients, other symptoms such as regurgitation and respiratory symptoms often are not controlled, particularly in patients with large hiatal hernias. In these patients a properly performed laparoscopic fundoplication controls esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms and avoids life-long medical therapy. Key elements for the success of a fundoplication are careful patient selection, a complete preoperative evaluation, and a properly executed operation.
Inside Cover: Spectroscopic and Computational Investigations of Ligand Binding to IspH: Discovery of Non‐diphosphate Inhibitors (ChemBioChem 10/2017)

Author(s): O'Dowd, Bing; Williams, Sarah; Wang, Hongxin; No, Joo Hwan; Rao, Guodong; Wang, Weixue; McCammon, J Andrew; Cramer, Stephen P; Oldfield, Eric
Health-related quality of life and depression among participants in the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance registry.

Objective To examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and depression among participants in an international Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) registry, comparing those with and without SS. Methods Cross-sectional study of participants in the Sjogren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) registry. The 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism SS classification criteria were used to determine disease status. HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form 12, version 2 Health Survey to derive scores for physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). Depression was assessed using the 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of HRQoL and depression while controlling for potential confounders. Results Among 2401 SICCA participants who had symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth, 1051 had SS (44%) and 1350 did not (56%). After controlling for confounders, when compared with non-SS participants, those with SS had better PCS (p Conclusion Our results suggest that among symptomatic patients, having a diagnosis of SS may be associated with better emotional and psychological well-being compared with patients without a diagnosis. Having a definitive diagnosis of SS may encourage patients to obtain a better understanding of their disease and have coping mechanisms in place to better manage their symptoms.
TgTKL1 Is a Unique Plant-Like Nuclear Kinase That Plays an Essential Role in Acute Toxoplasmosis.

In the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, protein kinases have been shown to play key roles in regulating parasite motility, invasion, replication, egress, and survival within the host. The tyrosine kinase-like (TKL) family of proteins are an unexplored set of kinases in Toxoplasma Of the eight annotated TKLs in the Toxoplasma genome, a recent genome-wide loss-of-function screen showed that six are important for tachyzoite fitness. By utilizing an endogenous tagging approach, we showed that these six T. gondii TKLs (TgTKLs) localize to various subcellular compartments, including the nucleus, the cytosol, the inner membrane complex, and the Golgi apparatus. To gain insight into the function of TKLs in Toxoplasma, we first characterized TgTKL1, which contains the plant-like enhanced disease resistance 1 (EDR1) domain and localizes to the nucleus. TgTKL1 knockout parasites displayed significant defects in progression through the lytic cycle; we show that the defects were due to specific impairment of host cell attachment. Transcriptomics analysis identified over 200 genes of diverse functions that were differentially expressed in TgTKL1 knockout parasites. Importantly, numerous genes implicated in host cell attachment and invasion were among those most significantly downregulated, resulting in defects in microneme secretion and processing. Significantly, all of the mice inoculated intraperitoneally with TgTKL1 knockout parasites survived the infection, suggesting that TgTKL1 plays an essential role in acute toxoplasmosis. Together, these findings suggest that TgTKL1 mediates a signaling pathway that regulates the expression of multiple factors required for parasite virulence, underscoring the potential of this kinase as a novel therapeutic target.IMPORTANCEToxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can cause chronic and life-threatening disease in mammals; new drugs are greatly needed for treatment. One attractive group of drug targets consists of parasite kinases containing unique features that distinguish them from host proteins. In this report, we identify and characterize a previously unstudied kinase, TgTKL1, that localizes to the nucleus and contains a domain architecture unique to plants and protozoa. By disrupting TgTKL1, we showed that this kinase is required for the proper expression of hundreds of genes, including many that are required for the parasite to gain entry into the host cell. Specifically, parasites lacking TgTKL1 have defects in host cell attachment, resulting in impaired growth in vitro and a complete loss of virulence in mice. This report provides insight into the importance of the parasite tyrosine kinase-like kinases and establishes TgTKL1 as a novel and essential virulence factor in Toxoplasma.
The Earnings Game

The Earnings Game refers to the dance between corporate officers and the investment community in the evaluation and communications of corporate financial performance.Investors continually evaluate the prospects of businesses they own or wish to own. Earnings announcements provide critical data points in those evaluations because they reflect concrete figures provided by the companies themselves according to standards that reasonably enable comparisons of company performance to its past and peers.Knowing the importance of earnings data to the investment community causes corporate managers to be very cautious about its disclosure. Managers generally want to show growing earnings, and to minimize uncertainty about future earnings, and they manage their businesses and their reporting accordingly. Often, part of this management involves reacting to analyst earnings projections by affirming or confronting investor expectations. The investment community, naturally, understands management's motivation and must account for management credibility at the same time they evaluate company-provided information. Management, in turn, must nurture their credibility with the investment community with each release.The following case engages participants to understand the motivations and reactions of both sides of this dance. It places participants in various roles with certain incentives and constraints, and allows all participants to interact in a manner consistent with their respective motivations. While this case necessarily simplifies the relationship between corporate management and investment analysts, it evokes both the relevant behaviors and their emotional content in the management and evaluation of companies with respect to their earnings.
Light scattering measured with spatial frequency domain imaging can predict stromal versus epithelial proportions in surgically resected breast tissue.

This study aims to determine if light scatter parameters measured with spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) can accurately predict stromal, epithelial, and adipose fractions in freshly resected, unstained human breast specimens. An explicit model was developed to predict stromal, epithelial, and adipose fractions as a function of light scattering parameters, which was validated against a quantitative analysis of digitized histology slides for N = 31 specimens using leave-one-out cross-fold validation. Specimen mean stromal, epithelial, and adipose volume fractions predicted from light scattering parameters strongly correlated with those calculated from digitized histology slides (r = 0.90, 0.77, and 0.91, respectively, p-value <1 × 10 − 6). Additionally, the ratio of predicted epithelium to stroma classified malignant specimens with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 81%, respectively, and also classified all pixels in malignant lesions with 63% and 79%, at a threshold of 1. All specimens and pixels were classified as malignant, benign, or fat with 84% and 75% accuracy, respectively. These findings demonstrate how light scattering parameters acquired with SFDI can be used to accurately predict and spatially map stromal, epithelial, and adipose proportions in fresh unstained, human breast tissue, and suggest that these estimations could provide diagnostic value.
Machine Learning in Medicine—A Complete Overview

The monograph applies the term of machine learning in a general sense of various statistical estimations and modeling performed by running computer codes. The book consists of 3 parts with 80 chapt...
Tibiotalocalcaneal nail failure in a 60-year-old male: Case report and surgical technique

Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis is a hindfoot fusion that can treat numerous conditions including osteoarthritis, Charcot arthropathy, avascular necrosis of the talus, and severe deformity. The goal of fusion is to create solid union across the joint while correcting deformity, leaving a shoeable plantigrade foot. Multiple biomechanical studies have demonstrated similar performance when comparing the properties of plate and nail constructs for TTC arthrodesis. Plate fixation and retrograde intramedullary nailing (IMN) are successful in achieving TTC fusion and favorable postoperative outcomes. Despite generally favorable outcomes, TTC arthrodesis carries the risk of complications including nonunion, infection, hardware failure, and revision surgery. We present a case of an individual who presented with a complete break of the IMN after TTC arthrodesis. We also describe the technique used for extraction of the broken nail.
“They said they were going to help us get through this …”: documenting interactions between police and commercially sexually exploited youth

This study seeks to better understand the interactions between police and commercially sexually exploited (CSE) youth. Analysis from 34 interviews conducted with CSE youth revealed four themes incl...
Individual and neighborhood characteristics associated with neighborhood walking among US older adults

Abstract Background Neighborhood walking connotes physical activity and opportunities for social and cognitive engagement and improved mental health, factors previously associated with outcomes including mortality, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. Few studies have examined correlates of neighborhood-specific walking in older adults. Purpose We investigated the individual and neighborhood/regional correlates of neighborhood-based walking among US older adults. Methods We obtained cross-sectional data on ≥ 65 year olds from the population-based 2017 National Household Travel Survey (n = 73,523). Respondents completed diaries detailing trips during an assigned travel day. Adjusted logistic regression (using survey weights) tested associations between individual, neighborhood, and regional characteristics and ≥ 1 versus no neighborhood walk trips/day (from travel diary). Results Twelve percent had ≥ 1 neighborhood walk trip/day and 54% of the neighborhood walkers achieved ≥ 30 min of walking/day. African Americans/Blacks (versus non-Hispanic Whites) and working individuals (versus retired) had lower odds of neighborhood walking. Individuals without cars, bus/train users, and those with higher neighborhood housing density had greater odds of neighborhood walking. Utilitarian walking was less likely among African Americans/Blacks and Hispanics but more likely among Asians (versus non-Hispanic Whites). Social/recreational neighborhood walking was more likely for those without cars, bus/train users, and those with greater neighborhood housing density. Conclusion Few US older adults walked in their neighborhoods, suggesting a potentially fruitful target for health promotion efforts and community interventions to improve health and quality of life in older adults. Future work is needed to determine other neighborhood factors associated with greater neighborhood walking.
Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law Evolution

This book is an effort to consolidate several different perspectives on antitrust law. First, Professor Hylton presents a detailed description of the law as it has developed through numerous judicial opinions. Second, the author presents detailed economic critiques of the judicial opinions, drawing heavily on the literature in law and economics journals. Third, Professor Hylton integrates a jurisprudential perspective into the analysis that looks at antitrust as a vibrant field of common law. This last perspective leads the author to address issues of certainty, stability, and predictability in antitrust law, and to examine the pressures shaping its evolution. The combination of these three perspectives offers something new to every student of antitrust law. Specific topics covered include perfect competition versus monopoly, enforcement, cartels, section 1 doctrine, rule of reason, agreement, boycott, power, vertical restraints, tying and exclusive dealing, horizontal mergers, and conglomerates.
2s2p2p 4P state of He

The triply excited ${\mathrm{He}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ 2s2p2p $^{4}$P state is studied. The resonance position and width are calculated to high precision with a saddle-point complex-rotation method. The relativistic corrections and fine structures are also calculated. The absorption wavelength and oscillator strength from the ${\mathrm{He}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ 1s2s2p $^{4}$${\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{o}}$ state is computed to facilitate the observation of this resonance in synchrotron-radiation experiments.
Paradoxical embolism as a principal cause of stroke in atrial septal aneurysm.

To the Editor: The report from the Stroke Prevention: Assessment of Risk in a Community (SPARC) study1 stating that atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is associated with an increased risk of stroke is important for 2 reasons. (1) It definitively establishes the prevalence of ASA in the general population at 2.2%. The true prevalence of ASA was underestimated before the routine use of echocardiography, especially transesophageal echocardiography.2 (2) It supports the previous conjecture that paradoxical embolism is the predominant mechanism of cardioembolism in ASA.3 Although 2 previous multicenter studies4 5 suggested paradoxical embolism as a possibility …
Microarray analysis reveals CC chemokine CCL-1 responsive gene expression in human HeLa cells

Human CC chemokine, CCL-1 is a chemotactic cytokine implicated in a variety of biological responses, namely inflammation and chemotaxis, in many cell types. We have previously shown that the CC chemokine, CCL-1 and its receptor CCR8 are expressed and causes migration of cancer cells: skin, melanoma, MDMA (breast cancer) and Kaposi's sarcoma spindle cells. In the present study we examined the role of CCL-1 and its receptor CCR8 in the regulation of gene expression by microarray analysis and targeted siRNA inhibition in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells.We have found that HeLa cells constitutively express CCR8 and this expression of CCR8 is stimulated by CCL-1. Inorder to understand the underlying mechanisms we looked at gene expression during CCL1 and CCR8 mediated interactions. Affymetrix human microarray data analysis revealed that CCL-1 regulates genes that are involved in angiogenesis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and chemotaxis. CC chemokine CCL-2 (MCP-1) a potent regulator of monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis and invasion in various disease states is induced in response to CCL1. This stimulation of CCL-2 by CCL-1 was further validated by RT-PCR analysis. In corollary, targeted CCR8 siRNA inhibition down regulated CCL-2 expression further substantiating our findings. It is known that CCL2 protects human neuronal cells from tat-induced apoptosis and CCL1 is anti-apoptotic for thymic and leukemia cells. In the present study genes involved in oxidative stress are inhibited and those involved in protection against apoptosis are upregulated suggesting a common pathway for the two CC chemokines. Close examination of the role of CCL-1/CCR8 pathway in the regulation of CCL-2 and other angiogenic and/or apoptotic factors will provide important insights into vascular cell pathologies.
Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID)

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) is the most widely used structured diagnostic instrument for assessing DSM-5 disorders. The SCID-PD (formerly SCID-II) is used for the evaluation of the DSM-5 personality disorders. The SCID-5 is organized into diagnostic modules, and it assesses mood disorders, psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive and related disorders, eating disorders, somatic symptom disorders, some sleep disorders (i.e., insomnia and hypersomnolence disorders), “externalizing disorders” (i.e., intermittent explosive disorder, gambling disorder, and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. It has been published in various forms, including a version for clinicians (SCID-CV) and a version for clinical trials (SCID-CT). Keywords: measurement in psychology; psychopathology; selection and assessment; diagnostic reliability; structured interview
Recognition of Late-Life Depression in Home Care: Accuracy of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set

This study evaluated the accuracy of home care nurses' ratings of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) depression items. The accuracy of home care nurses' depression assessments was studied by comparing nurse ratings of OASIS depression items with a research diagnostic assessment based on the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (SCID). The setting for this study was a nonprofit, Medicare-certified, voluntary home healthcare agency. Sixty-four home care nurses assessed 220 patients aged 65 and older with the OASIS upon admission. Of the 220 patients, using standard SCID criteria, 35 cases of major or minor depression were identified. The home care nurses accurately documented the presence of depression in 13 of 35 cases (sensitivity=37.1%; positive predictive value=0.56). Of the 220 patients, 185 had no SCID-identified major or minor depression. The nurses agreed on the absence of depression in 175 of 185 cases (specificity=94.6%; negative predictive value=88.8%). This study indicates that home care nurses often do not accurately rate OASIS depression items for older adult patients.
A Survey of the Practice of Lead Extraction in the United States

Background: Endovascular lead extraction is an important component of the management of patients with chronically implanted arrhythmia control devices. Although it is associated with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality, there is little information about its scope and practice. Methods: We surveyed 1,000 physician members of the Heart Rhythm Society via e-mail solicitation. Results: Of the 252 respondents (25%), 221 (88%) reported either performing extractions themselves (63%), or having privileges at a hospital where extractions are performed (25%). Electrophysiologists perform extractions at most sites (83%) but cardiac surgeons perform endovascular lead extraction at a significant minority of sites (20%). Most respondents report low annual volumes of extractions at their site: 15% reported 50 procedures/year. Thirty-six percent of respondents reported that extractions were done in the operating room (OR) with surgeon present or immediately available, 39% in the electrophysiology (EP) lab with surgeon and OR identified and available, and 25% in EP lab without a surgeon or OR identified. The overall risks of lead extraction were felt to be 1–5% of major complication and 0.5–1% of mortality, roughly in line with published data. Conclusions: While there is agreement as to the risk of major complication and death from lead extraction, the degree of surgical availability varies considerably. The new guidelines document recommends the ability to promptly initiate an emergent surgical procedure, and this should be an important goal for all extractionists. (PACE 2010; 33:721–726)